1
|
Onsoi W, Numsriskulrat N, Aroonparkmongkol S, Supornsilchai V, Srilanchakon K. Kisspeptin and DLK1 levels for monitoring treatment of girls with central precocious puberty. Clin Exp Pediatr 2024; 67:296-302. [PMID: 38772409 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin and delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) are neuropeptides that reportedly play an important role in pubertal timing by activating and inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, respectively. Consequently, serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels may be novel biomarkers for differentiating between central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) in girls and used to monitor CPP treatment. PURPOSE To compare baseline serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels in girls with CPP at diagnosis and after treatment to age-matched girls with PT. METHODS This prospective longitudinal study included girls with precocious puberty and girls with PT who experienced breast development before 8 years of age and peak luteinizing hormone levels of ≥6 versus <6 IU/L after a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test. Serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels were determined in both groups at baseline and after 6 months of GnRH analog treatment in the CPP group and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The study divided a total of 48 girls into CPP (n=24; mean age, 7.7±0.7 years) and PT (n=24; mean age, 7.4±0.8 years) groups. The baseline median serum kisspeptin levels were 50.5 pg/mL (range, 38.2-77 pg/mL) and 49.5 pg/mL (range, 39.7-67.6 pg/mL), respectively (P=0.89), while the baseline median serum DLK1 levels were 6.5 ng/mL (range, 5.9-7.5 ng/mL) and 6 ng/mL (4.4-14.4 ng/mL), respectively (P=0.68). After 6 months of GnRH analog treatment in the CPP group, the median serum kisspeptin level was lower (46.4 ng/mL; range, 37.1-60 ng/mL) than that at baseline (P=0.002), while the median serum DLK1 level was higher (7 ng/mL; range, 6.7-8.9) than that at baseline (P=0.002). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that baseline serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels are not reliable biomarkers for differentiating between CPP and PT. However, significant changes in serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels may be used to monitor CPP treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Witchuwan Onsoi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattakarn Numsriskulrat
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suphab Aroonparkmongkol
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vichit Supornsilchai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khomsak Srilanchakon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park JH, Noh ES, Hwang IT. α-Klotho levels in girls with central precocious puberty: potential as a diagnostic and monitoring marker. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1383812. [PMID: 38650713 PMCID: PMC11033302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1383812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest a link between the Klotho protein, sex hormones, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), indicating that α-Klotho levels may rise during puberty, including in central precocious puberty (CPP) cases. This study aimed to explore α-Klotho levels in girls with CPP to assess its potential as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for this condition. Methods In total, 139 girls, comprising 82 patients diagnosed with CPP and 57 healthy prepubertal controls, were enrolled in this study. From March 2020 to May 2023, we assessed both α-Klotho levels and clinical parameters. α-Klotho concentrations were measured using an α-Klotho ELISA kit. For the girls with CPP, we additionally analyzed samples taken 6 months after GnRH agonist treatment. Results α-Klotho levels were higher in the CPP group compared with the control (CPP group: 2529 ± 999 ng/mL; control group: 1802 ± 675 pg/mL) (P < 0.001), and its level modest decreased after 6 months of GnRH agonist treatment (2147± 789 pg/mL) (P < 0.001). The association between α-Klotho and IGF-1 SDS, follicular stimulating hormone and baseline luteinizing hormone was assessed by partial correlation after adjusting for age, BMI SDS (r= 0.416, p= <0.001; r= 0.261, p= 0.005; r= 0.278, p= 0.002), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified an α-Klotho cut-off differentiating CPP from controls, with a cut-off of 1914 pg/mL distinguishing girls with CPP from controls with a sensitivity of 69.5% and specificity of 70.2%; the area under the curve was 0.723. Conclusion The findings of our study are the first step towards deciphering the role of α-Klotho in puberty induction. With additional data and further research, α-Klotho could potentially be utilized as a significant diagnostic and monitoring tool for CPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu-Seon Noh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Tae Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
张 余, 罗 飞. [Recent advances in the genetic etiology of central precocious puberty]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2024; 26:302-307. [PMID: 38557384 PMCID: PMC10986386 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2309098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a developmental disorder caused by early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The incidence of CPP is rapidly increasing, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that gain-of-function mutations in the KISS1R and KISS1 genes and loss-of-function mutations in the MKRN3, LIN28, and DLK1 genes may lead to early initiation of pubertal development. Recent research has also revealed the significant role of epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation and microRNAs in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, as well as the modulating effect of gene networks involving multiple variant genes on pubertal initiation. This review summarizes the genetic etiology and pathogenic mechanisms underlying CPP.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Z, Si L, Zhang X, Wei C, Shu W, Wei M, Cheng L, Chen Z, Qiao Y, Yang S. Therapeutic effects of melatonin in female mice with central precocious puberty by regulating the hypothalamic Kiss-1/Kiss1R system. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114783. [PMID: 38029845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, central precocious puberty (CPP) in children is becoming more common, which seriously affects their physical and psychological health and requires finding a safe and effective treatment method. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of melatonin on CPP. A CPP model was established by subcutaneous injection of 300 micrograms of danazol into 5-day-old female mice, followed by treatment with melatonin and leuprolide. The vaginal opening was checked daily. Mice were weighed, gonads were weighed, gonadal index was calculated, and gonadal development was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) levels were measured by ELISA. By using RT-PCR and Western blotting, the mRNA and protein expression of the hypothalamus Kiss-1, Kiss-1 receptor (Kiss1R), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and pituitary GnRH receptor (GnRHR) were identified. The results showed that melatonin delayed vaginal opening time and reduced body weight, gonadal weight and indices in female CPP mice. Melatonin treatment prevents uterine wall thickening and ovarian luteinization in female CPP mice. Melatonin treatment reduces serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and E2 in female CPP mice. Melatonin suppressed the expressions of Kiss-1, Kiss1R and GnRH in the hypothalamus, and the expression of GnRHR in the pituitary of the female CPP mice. Our results suggest that melatonin can inhibit the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by down-regulating the Kiss-1/Kiss1R system, thereby treating CPP in female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Lina Si
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Chenyang Wei
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Weihan Shu
- Department of Immunology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Luyang Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yuebing Qiao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China.
| | - Songhe Yang
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Banerjee AA, Bhanarkar SR, Keshwani R, Pande S, Modi DN, Mehta A, Bombe S, Pathak BR, Joshi B, Tandon D, Patil A, Begum S, Chauhan S, Mahale SD, Rao S, Surve SV. Relevance of augmented kisspeptin signaling through H 364 KISS1R in central precocious puberty. Gene 2024; 895:148016. [PMID: 37981083 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiology of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) is essential, in view of its consequences on reproductive health and metabolic disorders in later life. Towards this, estimation of circulating levels of the neuropeptides, viz; Kisspeptin (Kp-10), Neurokinin B (NKB) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY), acting upstream to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), has shown promise. Insights can also be gained from functional studies on genetic variations implicated in ICPP. This study investigated the pathophysiology of ICPP in a girl by exploring the therapeutic relevance of the circulating levels of Kp-10, NKB, NPY and characterizing the nonsynonymous KISS1R variant, L364H, that she harbours, in a homozygous condition. Plasma levels of Kp-10, NKB and NPY before and after GnRH analog (GnRHa) treatment, were determined by ELISA. It was observed that GnRHa treatment resulted in suppression of circulating levels of Kp-10, NKB and NPY. Further, the H364 variant in KISS1R was generated by site directed mutagenesis. Post transient transfection of either L364 or H364 KISS1R variant in CHO cells, receptor expression was ascertained by western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Kp-10 stimulated signalling response was also determined by phospho-ERK and inositol phosphate production. Structure-function studies revealed that, although the receptor expression in H364 KISS1R was comparable to L364 KISS1R, there was an enhanced signalling response through this variant at high doses of Kp-10. Thus, elevated levels of Kp-10, acting through H364 KISS1R, contributed to the manifestation of ICPP, providing further evidence that dysregulation of Kp-10/KISS1R axis impacts the onset of puberty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antara A Banerjee
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Shital R Bhanarkar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Rachna Keshwani
- Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital For Children, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Shailesh Pande
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Deepak N Modi
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Amrita Mehta
- Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital For Children, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Shweta Bombe
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Bhakti R Pathak
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Beena Joshi
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Deepti Tandon
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Anushree Patil
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Shahina Begum
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sanjay Chauhan
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Smita D Mahale
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sudha Rao
- Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital For Children, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.
| | - Suchitra V Surve
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Podgórski R, Galiniak S, Mazur A, Podgórska D, Domin A. Serum Levels of Hormones Regulating Appetite in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:4215. [PMID: 37836499 PMCID: PMC10574197 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the cause of impaired growth and a wide range of developmental and behavioral disorders in the child. Improper eating patterns are commonly associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and may contribute to poor nutrition and growth restriction. To date, there have been only a few studies investigating the hormonal regulation of appetite in patients with FASD. We analyzed the levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti signaling protein (ASP), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and kisspeptin (KISS1) in 57 patients with FASD and 23 healthy controls. A comparison of the hormone levels studied was also performed in subgroups of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ND PAE), as well as in males and females. We have found no differences in hormone levels tested between affected individuals and the controls and between FASD subgroups. In addition, sex had no effect on hormone levels. However, we identified some associations between hormone concentrations and parameters describing the clinical status of patients with FASD. Most of them concerned ASP, which has shown a positive correlation with age and hormones involved in appetite and metabolism, such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). We have also found a negative correlation of α-MSH with age, BMI percentile, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Furthermore, we found a weak negative correlation of NPY with HbA1c. Although FASD has been associated with impaired child growth and development, including nutrition and puberty onset, we did not identify differences in the levels of the hormones studied, which may suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure does not affect the levels of these metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Podgórski
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Sabina Galiniak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatric, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Dominika Podgórska
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Domin
- Department of Pediatric, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.M.); (A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cordova-Gomez A, Wong AP, Sims LB, Doncel GF, Dorflinger LJ. Potential biomarkers to predict return to fertility after discontinuation of female contraceptives-looking to the future. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2023; 5:1210083. [PMID: 37674657 PMCID: PMC10477712 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.1210083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays there are multiple types of contraceptive methods, from reversible to permanent, for those choosing to delay pregnancy. Misconceptions about contraception and infertility are a key factor for discontinuation or the uptake of family planning methods. Regaining fertility (the ability to conceive) after contraceptive discontinuation is therefore pivotal. Technical studies to date have evaluated return to fertility by assessing pregnancy as an outcome, with variable results, or return to ovulation as a surrogate measure by assessing hormone levels (such as progesterone, LH, FSH) with or without transvaginal ultrasound. In general, relying on time to pregnancy as an indicator of return to fertility following contraceptive method discontinuation can be problematic due to variable factors independent of contraceptive effects on fertility, hormone clearance, and fertility recovery. Since the ability to conceive after contraceptive method discontinuation is a critical factor influencing product uptake, it is important to have robust biomarkers that easily and accurately predict the timing of fertility return following contraception and isolate that recovery from extrinsic and circumstantial factors. The main aim of this review is to summarize the current approaches, existing knowledge, and gaps in methods of evaluating return-to-fertility as well as to provide insights into the potential of new biomarkers to more accurately predict fertility restoration after contraceptive discontinuation. Biomarker candidates proposed in this document include those associated with folliculogenesis, cumulus cell expansion, follicular rupture and ovulation, and endometrial transport and receptivity which have been selected and scored on predefined criteria meant to evaluate their probable viability for advancement. The review also describes limitations, regulatory requirements, and a potential path to clinically testing these selected biomarkers. It is important to understand fertility restoration after contraceptive method discontinuation to provide users and health providers with accurate evidence-based information. Predictive biomarkers, if easy and low-cost, have the potential to enable robust evaluation of RTF, and provide potential users the information they desire when selecting a contraceptive method. This could lead to expanded uptake and continuation of modern contraception and inform the development of new contraceptive methods to widen user's family planning choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cordova-Gomez
- Office of Population and Reproductive Health, USAID/Public Health Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Andrew P. Wong
- CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Lee B. Sims
- Office of Population and Reproductive Health, USAID/Public Health Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gustavo F. Doncel
- CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Laneta J. Dorflinger
- Department of Product Development and Introduction, FHI 360, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vuralli D, Ciftci N, Demirbilek H. Serum kisspeptin, neurokinin B and inhibin B levels can be used as alternative parameters to distinguish idiopathic CPP from premature thelarche in the early stages of puberty. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023; 98:788-795. [PMID: 36879296 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is controversial results about serum kisspeptin, neurokinin-B (NKB), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B (INHB) levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). Aim of this study is to evaluate serum levels of these four peptides in patients presented with early pubertal signs, and to evaluate their diagnostic validity in the diagnosis of CPP. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PATIENTS Study included 99 girls (51 CPP, 48 premature thelarche [PT]) whose breast development started before 8 years and 42 age-matched healthy prepubertal girls. Clinical findings, antropometric measurements, laboratory and radiological findings were recorded. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test was performed in all cases with early breast development. MEASUREMENTS Kisspeptin, NKB, INHB and AMH levels were measured in fasting serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between mean ages of girls with CPP (7.1 ± 1.2 years), PT (7.2 ± 1.3 years) and prepubertal controls (7.0 ± 1.0 years). Serum kisspeptin, NKB and INHB levels were higher in CPP group compared to PT and control groups, while serum AMH level was lower in CPP group. Serum kisspeptin, NKB, and INHB were all positively correlated with bone age (BA) advancement, and peak luteinizing hormone in GnRH test. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that the most important factors used to differentiate CPP from PT were advanced BA, serum kisspeptin, NKB and INHB levels (AUC: 0.819, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS We, first showed in the same patients' group that serum kisspeptin, NKB and INHB were higher in patients with CPP and can be used as alternative parameters to distinguish CPP from PT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dogus Vuralli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Ciftci
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Demirbilek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang G, Xu G, Zhang C, Han A, Zhang G, Chen L, Xie G, Tao F, Shen T, Su P. Gestational bisphenol A exposure advances puberty onset in female offspring: Critical time window identification. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114387. [PMID: 36508816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that the early onset of puberty in female offspring may be caused by maternal prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) during pregnancy; however, the critical time window of maternal prenatal BPA exposure remains unknown. Here, we identify the critical time window of gestational BPA exposure that induces early onset of puberty in female offspring. Pregnant CD-1 mice were gavaged with BPA (8 mg/kg) daily during the early gestational stage (GD1-GD6), middle gestational stage (GD7-GD12) or late gestational stage (GD13-GD18). We show that maternal BPA exposure during the early and middle gestational stages could advance the vaginal opening time and increase the serum levels of kisspeptin-10 and GnRH in the female offspring at PND 34. Mechanistically, maternal BPA exposure during early and middle gestation could significantly increase CpG island methylation in the Eed gene promoters but reduce the mRNA expression of Eed in the hypothalamus tissues of the female offspring. In conclusion, the critical period of maternal BPA exposure-induced early onset of puberty in female offspring is early and middle gestation; this BPA-induced early onset of puberty might be partly attributed to epigenetic programming of the Eed gene in the hypothalamus. This study provides important insights regarding the relationship and the mechanisms between BPA and offspring pubertal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Geng Xu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No 46 Heping Road, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Azhu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guobao Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liru Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guodie Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han XX, Zhao FY, Gu KR, Wang GP, Zhang J, Tao R, Yuan J, Gu J, Yu JQ. Development of precocious puberty in children: Surmised medicinal plant treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
11
|
Kwon A, Eom JY, Lee WJ, Choi HS, Song K, Suh J, Chae HW, Kim HS. Serum kisspeptin levels mainly depend on ovarian expression of Kiss1 mRNA in female rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998446. [PMID: 36457308 PMCID: PMC9705754 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic kisspeptin/KISS1 receptor system is essential for puberty onset and reproductive development. Although serum kisspeptin might be associated with puberty, its levels, according to developmental stage, and its origin still remain unclear. This study evaluated the changes in serum kisspeptin levels during puberty and the corresponding Kiss1 mRNA and protein expression in various organs of female rats to identify the source of serum kisspeptin. Tissues from several organs, including the ovaries and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) in the hypothalamus, were obtained for assessing Kiss1 mRNA and protein expressions. Serum kisspeptin levels progressively increased with developmental stages until the peripubertal stage. The ovaries showed the highest Kiss1 expression among the organs examined. Next, we explored the changes in serum kisspeptin levels and hypothalamic Kiss1 expression in ovariectomized and estradiol-treated ovariectomized rats. Serum kisspeptin levels decreased regardless of estradiol treatment; Kiss1 expression was enhanced by ovariectomy and estradiol treatment in the ARC, while it was decreased by ovariectomy and enhanced by estradiol in the AVPV, suggesting that serum kisspeptin may be associated with pubertal development and mainly depended on ovarian Kiss1 expression. Thus, serum kisspeptin levels are associated with puberty and may serve as a downstream marker of ovarian reproductive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, College of Medicine Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Freitas RS, França TFA, Pompeia S. Sex-specific association between urinary kisspeptin and pubertal development. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e220165. [PMID: 36006848 PMCID: PMC9578070 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptins play a crucial role during pubertal development, but little is known about how their peripheral concentrations relate to sexual maturation. This is partly due to the lack of non-invasive, quick, and reliable peripheral kisspeptin measures, which limit widespread testing. Here, we investigated the relationship between kisspeptin concentrations measured from midstream urine samples with 2-h retention periods and developmental markers (age, self-reported pubertal status, and saliva concentrations of testosterone and DHEA sulphate ) in 209 typically developing 9- to 15-year-old males and females. As a result of the study, we found marked sex differences. Kisspeptin concentrations were similar between sexes until around 12 years of age, but, thereafter, kisspeptin concentrations in females did not change significantly, whereas, in males, there was a clear positive correlation with developmental measures. Our results replicate previous findings regarding kisspeptin concentration changes across the pubertal transition obtained from blood samples, suggesting that measuring these peptides in urine has the potential for exploring kisspeptins' peripheral effects and their associations with pubertal status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago F A França
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabine Pompeia
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kisspeptin Modulation of Reproductive Function. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin is a peptide expressed mainly in the infundibular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin plays a crucial role in the regulation of reproductive functions. It is regarded as the most important factor responsible for the control of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, the onset of puberty, and the regulation of menstruation and fertility. Kisspeptin activity influences numerous processes such as steroidogenesis, follicular maturation, ovulation, and ovarian senescence. The identification of kisspeptin receptor mutations that cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has initiated studies on the role of kisspeptin in puberty. Pathologies affecting the neurons secreting kisspeptin play a major role in the development of PCOS, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and perimenopausal vasomotor symptoms. Kisspeptin analogs (both agonists and antagonists), therefore, may be beneficial as therapy in those afflicted with such pathologies. The aim of this review is to summarize the influence of kisspeptin in the physiology and pathology of the reproductive system in humans, as well as its potential use in therapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu KL, Chen Z, Li X, Cai E, Yang H, Chen Y, Wang C, Ju L, Deng W, Mu L. Advances in clinical applications of kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in female reproduction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:81. [PMID: 35606759 PMCID: PMC9125910 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin is the leading upstream regulator of pulsatile and surge Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone secretion (GnRH) in the hypothalamus, which acts as the key governor of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis. MAIN TEXT Exogenous kisspeptin or its receptor agonist can stimulate GnRH release and subsequent physiological gonadotropin secretion in humans. Based on the role of kisspeptin in the hypothalamus, a broad application of kisspeptin and its receptor agonist has been recently uncovered in humans, including central control of ovulation, oocyte maturation (particularly in women at a high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome), test for GnRH neuronal function, and gatekeepers of puberty onset. In addition, the kisspeptin analogs, such as TAK-448, showed promising agonistic activity in healthy women as well as in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea or polycystic ovary syndrome. CONCLUSION More clinical trials should focus on the therapeutic effect of kisspeptin, its receptor agonist and antagonist in women with reproductive disorders, such as hypothalamic amenorrhoea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lun Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100191
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200
| | - Zimiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200
| | - Enci Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Yi Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Congying Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Liping Ju
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200
| | - Wenhai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325006.
| | - Liangshan Mu
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Pubertal onset is known to result from reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is controlled by complex interactions of genetic and nongenetic factors. Most cases of precocious puberty (PP) are diagnosed as central PP (CPP), defined as premature activation of the HPG axis. The cause of CPP in most girls is not identifiable and, thus, referred to as idiopathic CPP (ICPP), whereas boys are more likely to have an organic lesion in the brain. ICPP has a genetic background, as supported by studies showing that maternal age at menarche is associated with pubertal timing in their offspring. A gain of expression in the kisspeptin gene (KISS1), gain-of-function mutation in the kisspeptin receptor gene (KISS1R), loss-of-function mutation in makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3), and loss-of-function mutations in the delta-like homolog 1 gene (DLK1) have been associated with ICPP. Other genes, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABRA1), lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B), neuropeptide Y (NPYR), tachykinin 3 (TAC3), and tachykinin receptor 3 (TACR3), have been implicated in the progression of ICPP, although their relationships require elucidation. Environmental and socioeconomic factors may also be correlated with ICPP. In the progression of CPP, epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and noncoding ribonucleic acids may mediate the relationship between genetic and environmental factors. CPP is correlated with short- and long-term adverse health outcomes, which forms the rationale for research focusing on understanding its genetic and nongenetic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Suk Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae Sang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Soon Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xie Q, Kang Y, Zhang C, Xie Y, Wang C, Liu J, Yu C, Zhao H, Huang D. The Role of Kisspeptin in the Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Reproduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:925206. [PMID: 35837314 PMCID: PMC9273750 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.925206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of kisspeptin as a critical central regulatory factor of GnRH release has given people a novel understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation in human reproduction. Kisspeptin activates the signaling pathway by binding to its receptor kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) to promote GnRH secretion, thereby regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) axis. Recent studies have shown that kisspeptin neurons located in arcuate nucleus (ARC) co-express neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin (Dyn). Such neurons are called KNDy neurons. KNDy neurons participate in the positive and negative feedback of estrogen to GnRH secretion. In addition, kisspeptin is a key factor in the initiation of puberty, and also regulates the processes of female follicle development, oocyte maturation, and ovulation through the HPG axis. In male reproduction, kisspeptin also plays an important role, getting involved in the regulation of Leydig cells, spermatogenesis, sperm functions and reproductive behaviors. Mutations in the KISS1 gene or disorders of the kisspeptin/KISS1R system may lead to clinical symptoms such as idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (iHH), central precocious puberty (CPP) and female infertility. Understanding the influence of kisspeptin on the reproductive axis and related mechanisms will help the future application of kisspeptin in disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we critically appraise the role of kisspeptin in the HPG axis, including its signaling pathways, negative and positive feedback mechanisms, and its control on female and male reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Xie
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Kang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Xie
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuxiong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiqian Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghui Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cintra RG, Wajnsztejn R, Trevisan CM, Zaia V, Laganà AS, Bianco B, Montagna E. Kisspeptin Levels in Girls with Precocious Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:589-598. [PMID: 33887744 DOI: 10.1159/000515660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Kisspeptin (KP) is a key player in the regulation of the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which increases the secretion of gonadotropin during puberty to establish reproductive function and regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Premature activation of GnRH secretion leads to idiopathic/central gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (CPP). We aimed to compare the blood KP concentrations in girls with CPP and healthy controls. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and SciELO. Random-effects model and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used. Heterogeneity was assessed through I2. Meta-regression considered patient age, KP fraction, and analytical method for KP measurement. RESULTS The 11 studies included comprised 316 CPP patients and 251 controls. Higher KP levels in the CPP group were found (SMD 1.53; CI 95% = 0.56-2.51). Subgroup analysis revealed association with patient age (p = 0.048), indicating a positive correlation between elevation in KP concentration and age in CPP group. A group of patients with precocious thelarche (PT) from 5 of the included studies comprising 121 patients showed higher levels of KP (1.10; -0.25-2.45: CI 95%) and high heterogeneity (I2 = 91%). The CPP/PT ratio for KP level indicates KP 36% higher on CPP than PT patients. CONCLUSIONS A consistent difference in KP levels between girls with CPP and controls was identified. While there are important limitations in KP assays which argue against its use as a diagnostic tool, the KP levels in CPP versus control and PT children are consistent with the predicted mechanisms and pathophysiology of CPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Guerra Cintra
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences, Discipline of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Rubens Wajnsztejn
- Department of Neurosciences, Discipline of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Camila Martins Trevisan
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Victor Zaia
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Bianca Bianco
- Department of Collective Health, Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Erik Montagna
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li M, Chen Y, Liao B, Tang J, Zhong J, Lan D. The role of kisspeptin and MKRN3 in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:1147-1154. [PMID: 34414898 PMCID: PMC8494402 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the characteristics and significance of serum kisspeptin and makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3) levels for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls. METHOD Thirty four individuals with CPP, 17 individuals with premature thelarche (PT), and 28 age-matched prepubertal girls as normal control (NC) were recruited in this case-control study. Physical measurements included BMI and tests for breast, bone, and sexual characteristics. Biochemical measurements included serum LH, FSH, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor-1, MKRN3, and kisspeptin. Blood samples were taken from individuals with CPP and PT before the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone stimulation test and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after injection with triptorelin. RESULTS Serum kisspeptin levels were higher in the CPP group when compared to the NC group (P = 0.020), while serum MKRN3 levels were lower in the two groups (P = 0.028). There were no significant differences between the CPP and PT groups as well as the PT and NC groups (all, P > 0.05). The cut-off value of serum kisspeptin differentiating patients with CPP from those without CPP was 0.40 nmol/L, with 82.4% sensitivity and 57.1% specificity, while the cut-off value of serum MKRN3 was 0.33 pmol/L, with 79.4% sensitivity and 53.6% specificity. The area under the curves (AUCs) of both kisspeptin and MKRN3 for differentiating those girls with CPP from PT were less than 0.5. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of kisspeptin and MKRN3 may play an auxiliary role in predicting CPP. However, the two measurements were not able to differentiate girls with CPP from PT and prepubertal control. This study emphasizes the need to search for markers to simplify the accurate diagnosis of CPP in girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Binrong Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingzi Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dan Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to D Lan:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lambrou GI, Bacopoulou F. Kisspeptin and the "Special Relationship" Between Reproduction and Metabolism: A Computational Approach. Med Chem 2021; 16:796-811. [PMID: 31291878 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190710182906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin is one of the most potent stimulators of GnRH secretion and consequent gonadotropin release from the anterior pituitary. Kisspeptin is considered critical in regulating reproductive function in relation to metabolic cues. Reproductive function is gated by the energy reserves of the individual. Conditions of energy insufficiency, such as Anorexia Nervosa, often disturb reproductive function and fertility. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to investigate similar or comparable hormonal patterns in kisspeptin mechanics using computational methodology tools. METHODS Twenty-two females with typical or atypical anorexia nervosa and fifteen control females, were recruited from the Center for Adolescent Medicine of the University of Athens. Serum levels of Prolactin (PRL), 17-Hydroxy-Progesterone (17OHPR), Free Triiodothyronine (FT3), Triiodothyronine (T3), Free Thyroxine (FT4), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Estradiol (E2) were measured in patients and controls. Data were modelled computationally in order to find similar or comparable patterns between control and anorexic participants, with respect to kisspeptin. RESULTS Kisspeptin manifested symmetrical regression plots between controls and anorexics with respect to 17OHPR, LH and FSH, as well as a threshold pattern among controls, typical and atypical anorexics. CONCLUSION Kisspeptin seems to participate in the anorexic hormonal milieu through threshold or symmetrical mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bhardwaj S, Kumar P, Jerome A, Ravesh S, Patil C, Singh P, Lailer PC. Serum kisspeptin: New possible biomarker for sexual behaviour and sperm concentration in buffalo bulls. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1190-1201. [PMID: 32602182 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to decipher the inter-relationship between peripheral hormones (kisspeptin and testosterone), sexual behaviour and seminal variables of Murrah buffalo bulls (n = 134). In this study, we recorded that 13%, 37%, 40%, 6% and 4% Murrah buffalo bulls had reaction time of <30, 31-60, 61-180, 181-300 and >300 s, respectively. Further, it was observed that 4%, 85% and 10% buffalo bulls were sexually aggressive, active and dull, respectively, during semen collection. The courtship behaviour was not found to be desirable for the bulls used for the semen collection. Mean of ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and mass motility (0-5 scale) were 3.57 ml, 977.11 million/ml, 2.7, respectively. Correlation studies revealed that the reaction time was positively correlated with courtship behaviour and body weight, and negatively correlated with sexual aggressiveness and sperm concentration. Serum kisspeptin in buffalo bulls, measured for the first time, was found to 3.8 ± 0.7 ng/ml. Serum kisspeptin and testosterone level are negatively correlated to each other and kisspeptin level influenced the sexual behaviour (reaction time, sexual aggressiveness and penile erection) of study bulls. Serum kisspeptin was higher in the buffalo bulls with higher sperm concentration indicating its role in spermatogenesis. In conclusion, for the first time basic information related to sexual behaviour of Murrah buffalo bulls in large population along with its inter-relationship with peripheral hormones (kisspeptin and testosterone) has been documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Bhardwaj
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India.,Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Andonissamy Jerome
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Suman Ravesh
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Patil
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Pawan Singh
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Puran Chand Lailer
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
GE W, WANG HL, SHAO HJ, LIU HW, XU RY. Evaluation of Serum Makorin Ring Finger Protein 3 (MKRN3) Levels in Girls With Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty and Premature Thelarche. Physiol Res 2020; 69:127-133. [PMID: 31852205 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate serum makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3) levels in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) and premature thelarche (PT), in order to determine whether circulating MKRN3 level is associated with ICPP and PT. A total of 90 girls were enrolled in the study. 30 age-matched girls were allocated for each group (ICPP, PT and healthy controls [HC], respectively). The base LH (B-LH) and E2 levels were higher in ICPP girls than those in HC and PT girls. The peak LH (P-LH) levels and P-LH/P-FSH values were obviously higher in ICPP girls than those in PT girls, while higher peak FSH (P-FSH) levels were detected in PT girls when compared to those in ICPP girls. Kisspeptin levels were lower in HC girls than those in ICPP and PT girls. MKRN3 levels were the highest in HC girls among the three groups. There were relatively strong negative correlations among MKRN3, kisspeptin and P-LH/P-FSH. Circulating MKRN3 can have an important role in the onset of ICPP and PT. However, this should not be used as an independent diagnostic criterion for diagnosing ICPP or differentiating ICPP from PT, but should be used only as an adjunctive diagnostic biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W. GE
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - H.-L. WANG
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - H.-J. SHAO
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - H.-W. LIU
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - R.-Y. XU
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ke R, Ma X, Lee LTO. Understanding the functions of kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1R) from clinical case studies. Peptides 2019; 120:170019. [PMID: 30339828 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that kisspeptin and its receptor Kiss1R play central regulatory roles in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis and reproduction. Mutations of KISS1 and KISS1R lead to disorders associated with pubertal development, such as central precocious puberty (CPP) and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). This review focuses on KISS1 and KISS1R mutations found in CPP and IHH and its purposes are twofold: Firstly, based on the mutations found in KISS1 and KISS1R, this review provides insights into the precise mechanism of kisspeptin and the kisspeptin/Kiss1R pathway in the reproductive axis and in puberty. Secondly, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to share highly conserved structural motifs; therefore, knowledge of mutations found at different structural domains of Kiss1R in the diseased state, and how they affect Kiss1R function can be used to decipher GPCR domain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ke
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Leo T O Lee
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kang MJ, Oh YJ, Shim YS, Baek JW, Yang S, Hwang IT. The usefulness of circulating levels of leptin, kisspeptin, and neurokinin B in obese girls with precocious puberty. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:627-630. [PMID: 29303010 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1423467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationships of circulating leptin, kisspeptin, and neurokinin B (NKB) levels with precocious puberty (PP) in overweight/obese girls and evaluated the usefulness of these markers in the initiation of puberty. One hundred and twenty-eight girls aged 7.0-8.9 years with PP (group A, normal-weight; group B, overweight/obese) and 30 age-matched normal controls (NC) were enrolled. Serum levels of leptin, kisspeptin, and NKB were measured by commercial kits. Serum leptin levels were higher in group A (4.21 ng/mL) and B (5.64 ng/mL) compared to the NC (2.35 ng/mL, p < .001). Serum kisspeptin levels were lower in group A (0.59 ng/mL) than in group B (0.66 ng/mL, p = .018). Serum NKB levels were not different among the three groups. The predictive value of leptin (AUC =0.791) was lower than that of IGF-1 (AUC =0.917, p = .009), although both were significant markers for PP in the regression analysis. BMI z-score (AUC =0.806) was a predictive factor of PP. In conclusion, a higher level of leptin, IGF-1, and fatness in overweight/obese girls with PP compared to the NC confirms their roles in the regulation of puberty. Further research is needed if the effects of kisspeptin and NKB on puberty are limited at the levels of neurons or target tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Kang
- a Department of Pediatrics , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon-si , Gangwon-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Joung Oh
- a Department of Pediatrics , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon-si , Gangwon-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Shim
- a Department of Pediatrics , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon-si , Gangwon-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Woo Baek
- a Department of Pediatrics , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon-si , Gangwon-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yang
- a Department of Pediatrics , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon-si , Gangwon-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Il Tae Hwang
- a Department of Pediatrics , Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon-si , Gangwon-do , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Terasawa E, Garcia JP, Seminara SB, Keen KL. Role of Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B in Puberty in Female Non-Human Primates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:148. [PMID: 29681889 PMCID: PMC5897421 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In human patients, loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding kisspeptin (KISS1) and neurokinin B (NKB) and their receptors (KISS1R and NK3R, respectively) result in an abnormal timing of puberty or the absence of puberty. To understand the neuroendocrine mechanism of puberty, we investigated the contribution of kisspeptin and NKB signaling to the pubertal increase in GnRH release using rhesus monkeys as a model. Direct measurements of GnRH and kisspeptin in the median eminence of the hypothalamus with infusion of agonists and antagonists for kisspeptin and NKB reveal that kisspeptin and NKB signaling stimulate GnRH release independently or collaboratively by forming kisspeptin and NKB neuronal networks depending on the developmental age. For example, while in prepubertal females, kisspeptin and NKB signaling independently stimulate GnRH release, in pubertal females, the formation of a collaborative kisspeptin and NKB network further accelerates the pubertal increase in GnRH release. It is speculated that the collaborative mechanism between kisspeptin and NKB signaling to GnRH neurons is necessary for the complex reproductive function in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ei Terasawa
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Ei Terasawa,
| | - James P. Garcia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Stephanie B. Seminara
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and the Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kim L. Keen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nabi G, Ullah H, Khan S, Wahab F, Duan P, Ullah R, Yao L, Shahab M. Changes in the Responsiveness of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis to Kisspeptin-10 Administration during Pubertal Transition in Boys. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:1475967. [PMID: 30046307 PMCID: PMC6038494 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1475967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In human, no studies are available regarding changes in kisspeptin1 receptor (KISS1R) sensitivity during pubertal transition. In this study, healthy boys were classified into 5 Tanner stages of puberty (n = 5/stage). Human kisspeptin-10 was administered to boys at each Tanner stage and to adult men (n = 5) as an IV bolus for comparison. Serial blood samples were collected for 30 min pre- and 120 min post-kisspeptin injection periods at 30 min interval for measuring plasma LH and testosterone levels. There was insignificant effect of kisspeptin on LH and testosterone levels in boys of Tanner stages I-III. At Tanner stage IV, the effect of kisspeptin on plasma LH was insignificant. However, a paired t-test on a log-transformed data showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean peak post-kisspeptin testosterone level. In Tanner stage V, a significant (P < 0.05) increase was observed in mean post-kisspeptin peak LH level as compared to the mean basal LH value. Post-kisspeptin plasma testosterone levels were also significantly (P < 0.05) increased as compared to the pre-kisspeptin level in Tanner stage V. Our data suggest that sensitivity of KISS1R on GnRH neurons with reference to LH stimulation in boys develops during the later part of puberty reaching to adult level at Tanner stage V. This trial is registered with WHO International Clinical Trial Registration ID NCT03286517.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hamid Ullah
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Suliman Khan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | | - Pengfei Duan
- China-UK-NYNU-Research Joint Laboratory of Insects Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- China-UK-NYNU-Research Joint Laboratory of Insects Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Parlak M, Türkkahraman D, Ellidağ HY, Çelmeli G, Parlak AE, Yılmaz N. Basal Serum Neurokinin B Levels in Differentiating Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty from Premature Thelarche. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 9:101-105. [PMID: 28008860 PMCID: PMC5463280 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out the diagnostic role of kisspeptin and neurokinin B in idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) and premature thelarche (PT). METHODS The girls who presented with early breast development before the age of 8 years were evaluated. Patients with intracranial pathologies were excluded. Basal and stimulated follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and basal neurokinin B/kisspeptin levels were measured. Patients who had peak value of LH >5 mIU/mL and a bone age (BA)/chronological age (CA) ratio >1.1 were diagnosed as central precocious puberty (CPP), while cases who did not meet these criteria were diagnosed as PT. Healthy age-matched prepubertal girls were included as the control group. RESULTS The study group contained 25 girls with ICPP (7±0.8 years), 35 girls with PT (6.8±0.7 years), and 30 controls (6.7±0.7 years). Basal serum kisspeptin and neurokinin B levels were 2.36±0.47 ng/mL and 2.61±0.32 ng/mL, respectively in the ICPP group, 2.23±0.43 ng/mL and 2.24±0.23 ng/mL, respectively in the PT group, and 1.92±0.33 ng/mL and 2.03±0.24 ng/mL, respectively in the controls. Both kisspeptin and neurokinin B levels were higher in the ICPP and PT groups compared to controls (p<0.05). Moreover, basal neurokinin B level was different between ICPP and PT groups (p<0.01). A serum neurokinin B level of 2.42 ng/mL provided the most appropriate level to differentiate ICPP from PT, with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 77.1%. CONCLUSION Differentiation of CPP from PT is sometime difficult, and there is a need for a simple method for the differential diagnosis. Our results suggest that basal serum neurokinin B level can be used as an adjunctive parameter to differentiate ICCP from PT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Parlak
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Doğa Türkkahraman
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey, E-mail:
| | - Hamit Yaşar Ellidağ
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Çelmeli
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eda Parlak
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Radiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Necat Yılmaz
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kurnaz E, Şen Y, Aydın S. Plasma kisspeptin and ghrelin levels in puberty variant cases. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:569-573. [PMID: 28422705 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of kisspeptin and ghrelin (GAH), as well as the relationship of these two peptides with each other in premature thelarche (PT) and premature adrenarche (PA) cases and to investigate the possibility of using these peptides as markers in the differentiation of puberty disorders. METHODS A PT group aged 1-8 years (n = 40), a PA group aged 1-9 years (n = 23, female/male = 20/3) and control groups consistent with each of the previous groups in terms of age and gender were created for the study. Kisspeptin and ghrelin levels were measured with ELISA methods from blood samples drawn while fasting in the morning. RESULTS When the PT group was compared with the controls, the plasma kisspeptin levels of the cases were significantly higher than the control group (165.47 ± 15.45 pmol/L, 96.82 ± 12.33 pmol/L, p = 0.005, respectively). Kisspeptin levels in the PA group did not show a difference with the control group (121.36 ± 17.99 pmol/L, 95.52 ± 11.54 pmol/L, p = 0.249, respectively). No significant difference could be found when GAH levels in the PT and PA groups were compared with controls. No significant correlation was found between kisspeptin and GAH levels in the PT and PA groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that kisspeptin plays an important role in the PT, but GAH is not associated with puberty disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Kurnaz
- Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Altındağ/Ankara 06020
| | - Yaşar Şen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Selçuk University Medical School, Konya
| | - Süleyman Aydın
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Fırat University Medical School, Elazığ
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oh YJ, Rhie YJ, Nam HK, Kim HR, Lee KH. Genetic Variations of the KISS1R Gene in Korean Girls with Central Precocious Puberty. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:108-114. [PMID: 27914139 PMCID: PMC5143281 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.1.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of puberty onset varies greatly among individuals, and much of this variation is modulated by genetic factors. This study aimed to identify the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) gene variations and to investigate the associations between these variations and central precocious puberty (CPP). Korean girls with CPP (n = 194) and their healthy controls (n = 99) were included in this study. The entire coding region and the exon-intron boundaries (exon 1 through 5) of the KISS1R gene were directly sequenced. Seven polymorphisms were identified in the KISS1R gene. A missense change c.1091T>A, and an intron variant c.738+64G>T showed significantly higher allele frequencies in CPP patients than in controls (c.1091T>A: 30.7% vs. 22.2%, P = 0.031; c.738+64G>T: 45.6% vs. 35.9%, P = 0.023). The missense variant (c.1091T>A) was a nonsynonymous polymorphism that induces amino acid substitution of p.Leu364His. The haplotype CAGTGTC was detected more frequently in the CPP group (P = 0.042). The sequence variants of the KISS1R gene can be inducible factors in the development of CPP. The association between sequence variants and CPP should be validated by further evidence obtained from larger samples of children with CPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Joung Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Rhie
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyoung Nam
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Hyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sitticharoon C, Sukharomana M, Likitmaskul S, Churintaraphan M, Maikaew P. Increased high molecular weight adiponectin, but decreased total adiponectin and kisspeptin, in central precocious puberty compared with aged-matched prepubertal girls. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:2466-2478. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare serum leptin, kisspeptin, total adiponectin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels between girls with central precocious puberty (CPP; n = 26, 7–9.5 years old) and age-matched controls (n = 29) including or excluding obese girls. Leptin and NPY levels were comparable between CPP and control girls. Kisspeptin levels were lower in the CPP than control group, and were positively correlated with oestrogen in the control group and with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the CPP group. Kisspeptin levels were negatively correlated with FSH and LH in the CPP group. Total adiponectin levels were lower in CPP than control girls, and were negatively correlated with Tanner stage and body mass index, but positively correlated with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index in the control group. HMW adiponectin was higher in the CPP than control group, and was positively correlated with Tanner stage and LH in all girls. Total adiponectin had a strong positive correlation with HMW adiponectin in the CPP group (r = 0.915) compared with the control group (r = 0.371). In conclusion, kisspeptin may be associated with increased oestrogen in prepubertal girls, but with increased blood pressure in girls with CPP. In girls entering puberty, HMW adiponectin was increased and associated with reproductive parameters. Based on these observations, HMW adiponectin probably plays an essential role in the initiation of puberty and is a candidate marker for the prediction of CPP.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang R, Wang YM, Zhang L, Zhao ZM, Zhao J, Peng SQ. Prepubertal exposure to an oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone induces central precocious puberty in immature female rats through the mechanism of premature activation of hypothalamic kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:62-74. [PMID: 27519634 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic epidemics and several researches in rodents indicated that zearalenone (ZEA) and its metabolites, the prevailing oestrogenic mycotoxins in foodstuffs, were a triggering factor for true precocious puberty development in girls. Nevertheless, the neuroendocrine mechanism through which ZEA mycoestrogens advance puberty onset is not fully understood. To elucidate this issue, hypothalamic kisspeptin-G-protein coupled receptor-54 (GPR54) signaling pathway that regulates the onset of puberty was focused on in the present study. Immature female SD rats were given a daily intragastric administration of corn oil (vehicle control), 50 μg/kg body weight (bw) of 17β-estradiol (E2, positive control), and 3 doses (0.2, 1 and 5 mg/kg bw) of ZEA for consecutive 5 days starting from postnatal day 15, respectively. Puberty onset was evaluated by detecting the physiological and hormonal responses, and hypothalamic kisspeptin-GPR54 pathway was determined to reveal the neuroendocrine mechanism. As the markers of puberty onset, vaginal opening was significantly accelerated and uterine weight was increased in both E2 and 5 mg/kg ZEA groups. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and estradiol were also markedly elevated by E2 and 5 mg/kg ZEA, which is compatible with the changes in peripheral reproductive organs. The mRNA and protein expressions of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were both obviously elevated by E2 and 5 mg/kg ZEA. GnRH expression changes occurred in parallel with increased expressions of hypothalamic Kiss1 and its receptor GPR54 at both mRNA and protein levels. Most of these changes were also noted in 1 mg/kg ZEA group, but none in 0.2 mg/kg group. Therefore, within the context of this study, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for ZEA in terms of oestrogenic activity and puberty-promoting effect in immature female rats was considered to be 0.2 mg/kg bw per day, and the Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) was 1 mg/kg bw per day. In conclusion, prepubertal exposure to dietary relevant levels of ZEA induced central precocious puberty in female rats by premature activation of hypothalamic kisspeptin-GPR54-GnRH signaling pathway, followed by the stimulation of gonadotropins release at an earlier age, resulting in the advancement of vaginal opening and enlargement of uterus at periphery.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Estrogens/toxicity
- Estrous Cycle/drug effects
- Female
- Genitalia, Female/drug effects
- Genitalia, Female/growth & development
- Genitalia, Female/pathology
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Hormones/blood
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Kisspeptins/metabolism
- Male
- Mycotoxins/toxicity
- Pituitary Gland/drug effects
- Pituitary Gland/metabolism
- Puberty, Precocious/blood
- Puberty, Precocious/chemically induced
- Puberty, Precocious/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Kisspeptin-1
- Receptors, LHRH/genetics
- Receptors, LHRH/metabolism
- Sexual Maturation/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Zearalenone/toxicity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yi-Mei Wang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Zeng-Ming Zhao
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Shuang-Qing Peng
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu HJ, Li SJ, Pan H, Li N, Zhang DX, Wang LJ, Yang HB, Wu Q, Gong FY. The Changes of Serum Leptin and Kisspeptin Levels in Chinese Children and Adolescents in Different Pubertal Stages. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:6790794. [PMID: 27990162 PMCID: PMC5136392 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6790794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the changes of serum leptin and kisspeptin levels in children and adolescents with different pubertal stages and nutritional states. A total of 647 Chinese children and adolescents were recruited, and serum estradiol, testosterone, pituitary gonadotropins, leptin, and kisspeptin levels were measured. The results showed that serum leptin levels of boys in T2 stage were the highest among the five stages, while they showed a gradual increase from T1 to T5 stage in girls and reached the highest in T5 stage (P < 0.05). Conversely, serum kisspeptin levels of boys were higher in T4 and T5 stages than those in T1 stage, while its levels of girls were the highest in T2 stage, 21.4% higher than those in T1 stage (P < 0.05). Both leptin and kisspeptin levels were positively correlated with BMI, WC, and weight in all boys and girls (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, kisspeptin levels were firstly found to be notably changed in pubertal stages and nutritional status in Chinese children and adolescents with a significant sexual dimorphism. Obese/overweight girls had higher kisspeptin levels, and there was a positive correlation between kisspeptin and FSH and LH and obesity-related parameters in all boys and girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui juan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Su juan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Naishi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dian xi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lin jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hong bo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qinyong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Feng ying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- *Feng ying Gong:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tao YH, Sharif N, Zeng BH, Cai YY, Guo YX. Lateral ventricle injection of orexin-A ameliorates central precocious puberty in rat via inhibiting the expression of MEG3. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:12564-12570. [PMID: 26722445 PMCID: PMC4680390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central precocious puberty (CPP) is characterized as increasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. Orexin-A has also been shown to affect GnRH release. However, there are few reports about the effect of orexin A on the treatment of CPP. METHODS After establishing the precocious puberty model, the rats were divided into four groups: normal control, precocious puberty rats, precocious puberty rats treated with normal saline and precocious puberty rats treated with orexin-A. The vaginal opening time, second estrus cycle, ovarian index and uterus index of rats in each group were detected. qRT-PCR was performed to examine the expression of MEG3 and kisspeptin in rats. HT22 cells were transfected with pcDNA-MEG3 to detect the expression of Kisspeptin. RESULTS In this study, we found that orexin-A not only delayed the day of vaginal opening and regular estrus cycle days but also decreased the ovarian index and uterus index in rats with CPP. In addition, orexin-A reversed the up-regulation of MEG3 and kisspeptin in rats with CPP. In HT22 cells, the mRNA and protein level of kisspeptin were enhanced by pcDNA-MEG3. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that orexin-A ameliorates central precocious puberty in rat and MEG3 might be involved in this effect, suggesting that MEG3 might be a novel target in treating central precocious puberty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hong Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Nazir Sharif
- Department of Pediatrics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Bi-He Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yan-Yan Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yu-Xiu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Yangzhou 225001, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kaya A, Orbak Z, Polat H, Çayır A, Erdil A, Döneray H. Plasma Kisspeptin Levels in Newborn Infants with Breast Enlargement. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015; 7:192-6. [PMID: 26831552 PMCID: PMC4677553 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kisspeptin levels have been reported in children with premature thelarche, precocious puberty and adolescent gynecomastia, but there are no reports on kisspeptin levels in the neonatal period. This study aimed to investigate plasma kisspeptin hormone levels in newborns with and without breast enlargement. METHODS Plasma kisspeptin levels and other related biochemical variables were investigated in this prospective study conducted on 40 (20 girls and 20 boys) newborn infants with breast enlargement and on 40 healthy control infants (20 girls and 20 boys). Two-milliliter venous blood samples were taken in hemogram tubes with K2EDTA. Kisspeptin assays were performed using the enzyme-immunoassay method. RESULTS Mean plasma kisspeptin levels were 0.6 ± 0.2 ng/mL in the study group and 0.5 ± 0.2 ng/mL in the control group. Plasma kisspeptin concentrations were significantly higher in the study group (p=0.039) and also showed a correlation with serum prolactin levels (p=0.006). Significant correlations were also determined between plasma kisspeptin and luteinizing hormone concentrations (p=0.05, r=0.312). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that plasma kisspeptin and serum prolactin levels may be involved in the physiopathology of breast enlargement in newborns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avni Kaya
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrionology, Erzurum, Turkey Phone: +90 505 267 70 45 E-mail:
| | - Zerrin Orbak
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrionology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Harun Polat
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Atilla Çayır
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrionology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Erdil
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrionology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hakan Döneray
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrionology, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Clarke H, Dhillo WS, Jayasena CN. Comprehensive Review on Kisspeptin and Its Role in Reproductive Disorders. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:124-41. [PMID: 26194072 PMCID: PMC4508256 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin has recently emerged as a key regulator of the mammalian reproductive axis. It is known that kisspeptin, acting centrally via the kisspeptin receptor, stimulates secretion of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). Loss of kisspeptin signaling causes hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in humans and other mammals. Kisspeptin interacts with other neuropeptides such as neurokinin B and dynorphin, to regulate GnRH pulse generation. In addition, a growing body of evidence suggests that kisspeptin signaling be regulated by nutritional status and stress. Kisspeptin may also represent a novel potential therapeutic target in the treatment of fertility disorders. Early human studies suggest that peripheral exogenous kisspeptin administration stimulates gonadotrophin release in healthy adults and in patients with certain forms of infertility. This review aims to concisely summarize what is known about kisspeptin as a regulator of reproductive function, and provide an update on recent advances within this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Clarke
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang YU, Xiong XY, Yang LI, Xie L, Huang H. Testing of kisspeptin levels in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty and its significance. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:2369-2373. [PMID: 26136989 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the significance of plasma kisspeptin levels in diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation through the analysis of the kisspeptin levels of girls diagnosed with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) prior to treatment and after 6-months of treatment and those with simple premature thelarche (PT). A total of 70 girls including 24 girls diagnosed with ICPP, 21 girls with PT and 25 normal girls were enrolled in the study. ELISA analysis was conducted to detect the plasma levels of kisspeptin. The kisspeptin level of the ICPP group prior to treatment (1.80±0.13 ng/ml) was significantly higher than those of the other two groups. The kisspeptin level of the ICPP group after 6 months of treatment (1.49±0.21 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that prior to treatment (P<0.05). It may be concluded that the plasma level of kisspeptin is associated with the initiation of pubertal development, and it may serve as an important parameter in the diagnosis of ICPP and the evaluation of therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y U Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - L I Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Liling Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abacı A, Çatlı G, Anık A, Küme T, Çalan ÖG, Dündar BN, Böber E. Significance of serum neurokinin B and kisspeptin levels in the differential diagnosis of premature thelarche and idiopathic central precocious puberty. Peptides 2015; 64:29-33. [PMID: 25572302 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic role of serum neurokinin B level and its relationship with kisspeptin and leptin, which are known to be involved in the initiation of pubertal process. Girls who presented with breast development (<8 years) were included in the study. All patients underwent bone age assessment. Basal levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were measured and gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation test was performed. Patients with a bone age/chronological age ratio >1 and a peak luteinizing hormone response in gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation test >5mIU/L were included in the central precocious puberty group, while patients who did not meet these criteria were included in the premature thelarche group. Patients with organic pathologies were excluded. Healthy prepubertal girls with similar age were included as the control group. Leptin, kisspeptin and neurokinin B levels were measured by ELISA method. The study included 20 girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty 22 girls with premature thelarche and 24 prepubertal controls. While serum kisspeptin, leptin and neurokinin B levels were significantly higher in central precocious puberty and premature thelarche groups compared to controls, no significant difference was found between central precocious puberty and premature thelarche groups. Increased serum levels of leptin, kisspeptin and neurokinin B in patients with premature thelarche and central precocious puberty suggest that they take part during the initiation of pubertal process, however, these markers are not able to differentiate patients with central precocious puberty from premature thelarche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Abacı
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Gönül Çatlı
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Anık
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Küme
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Gürsoy Çalan
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bumin Nuri Dündar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Böber
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rhie YJ, Lee KH, Ko JM, Lee WJ, Kim JH, Kim HS. KISS1 gene polymorphisms in Korean girls with central precocious puberty. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:1120-5. [PMID: 25120323 PMCID: PMC4129205 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.8.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin/G-protein couple receptor-54 (GPR54) system plays a key role in the activation of the gonadotropic axis at puberty. Central precocious puberty (CPP) is caused by the premature activation of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. This study was aimed to identify KISS1 gene variations and to investigate the associations between KISS1 gene variations and CPP in Korean girls. All coding exons of KISS1 gene were sequenced in Korean girls with CPP (n = 143) and their healthy controls (n = 101). Nine polymorphisms were identified in KISS1 gene. A novel single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), 55648176 T/G, was identified for the first time. SNP 55648184 C/G and 55648186 -/T were detected more frequently in CPP group than in control group. SNP 55648176 T/G was detected less frequently in CPP group than in control group. Haplotype GGGC-ACCC was detected less frequently in CPP group. The genetic variations of KISS1 gene can be contributing factors of development of CPP. The association between the gene variations and CPP should be validated by further evidence obtained from large-scaled and functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Rhie
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rhie YJ. Kisspeptin/G protein-coupled receptor-54 system as an essential gatekeeper of pubertal development. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013; 18:55-9. [PMID: 24904852 PMCID: PMC4027097 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2013.18.2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is the end-point of a complex series of developmental events, defined by the dynamic interaction between genetic factors and environmental cues, ultimately leading to the attainment of reproductive capacity. Kisspeptins, products of the KISS1 gene, were originally identified as metastasis suppressor peptides with the ability to bind G protein-coupled receptors (GPR54). In 2003, loss-of-function mutations of the GPR54 gene were found in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This finding triggered study of the role of the kisspeptin/GPR54 system as an essential gatekeeper of control of reproduction and pubertal development. Kisspeptins are very potent elicitors of gonadotropin secretion, primarily through stimulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone release. KISS1 also functions as an essential integrator for peripheral inputs, including gonadal steroids and nutritional signals, and for controlling GnRH and gonadotropin secretion. Whether the kisspeptin/GPR54 system is the trigger for puberty onset and/or it operates as integrator and effector of up-stream regulatory factors warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Rhie
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xue H, Yang C, Ge X, Sun W, Li C, Qi M. Kisspeptin regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in gonadotropin-releasing hormone/enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic rats. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:162-8. [PMID: 25206487 PMCID: PMC4107516 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin is essential for activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. In this study, we established gonadotropin-releasing hormone/enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic rats. Rats were injected with 1, 10, or 100 pM kisspeptin-10, a peptide derived from full-length kisspeptin, into the arcuate nucleus and medial preoptic area, and with the kisspeptin antagonist peptide 234 into the lateral cerebral ventricle. The results of immunohistochemical staining revealed that pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion was suppressed after injection of antagonist peptide 234 into the lateral cerebral ventricle, and a significant increase in luteinizing hormone level was observed after kisspeptin-10 injection into the arcuate nucleus and medial preoptic area. The results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that luteinizing hormone levels during the first hour of kisspeptin-10 infusion into the arcuate nucleus were significantly greater in the 100 pM kisspeptin-10 group than in the 10 pM kisspeptin-10 group. These findings indicate that kisspeptin directly promotes gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion and luteinizing hormone release in gonadotropin-releasing hormone/enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic rats. The arcuate nucleus is a key component of the kisspeptin-G protein-coupled receptor 54 signaling pathway underlying regulating luteinizing hormone pulse secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haogang Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Clinical Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chunying Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Clinical Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Clinical Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin Province, China
| | - Weiqi Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Clinical Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Clinical Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingyu Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Clinical Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Premature thelarche (PT) is defined as isolated breast development without secondary sex characteristics in girls below the age of eight. We aimed to determine whether the level of kisspeptin, which plays a role in the release of gonadotropins, is associated with PT. METHODS The patient group included children with PT aged 3-8 years (n=20) and the control group included healthy children in the same age range (n=20). Height standard deviation scores (HSDSs), bone maturation and growth velocity were evaluated in the two groups. Basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were also measured in the two groups by immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA). A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test was also conducted in the patient group and the peak levels of FSH and LH were determined. Kisspeptin levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS No differences were found between the groups in terms of age, HSDS, annual growth rate and bone age. While the plasma basal FSH, LH and E2 levels in the patient and control groups did not show statistically significant differences, PRL levels were higher in the patient group (p<0.05). Peak LH response to GnRH test was at the prepubertal level (<5 ng/mL) in patients with PT. In the patient group, kisspeptin levels were significantly higher compared to the levels in the control group (2.96 ± 1.21 ng/dL vs. 1.19 ± 0.41 ng/dL, p<0.05), and kisspeptin levels showed a significant correlation with PRL, FSH, LH, and E2 levels (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, plasma kisspeptin levels were found to be higher in patients with PT and to show a positive correlation with increased PRL levels. Kisspeptin is one of the neuropeptides that plays a role in the onset of puberty. Our results support the hypothesis that PT may result from the temporary activation of central stimulants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşehan Akinci
- İnönü University, Turgut Özal Medical Center, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Malatya, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ramzan F, Qureshi IZ, Ramzan M, Ramzan MH, Ramzan F. Immature rat seminal vesicles show histomorphological and ultrastructural alterations following treatment with kisspeptin-10. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:18. [PMID: 22404961 PMCID: PMC3359248 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative effects of critical regulators of reproduction, the kisspeptin peptides, on cellular aspects of sexually immature male gonads are known but similar information on accessory sex glands remain elusive. METHODS Prepubertal laboratory rats were injected kisspeptin-10 at three different dosage concentrations (10 pg, 1 ng and 1 microgram) for a period of continuous 12 days at the rate of two doses per day. Control rats were maintained in parallel. The day following the end of the experimental period, seminal vesicles were removed and processed for light and electron microscopic examination using the standard methods. DNA damage was estimated by DNA ladder assay and DNA fragmentation assay. RESULTS The results demonstrated cellular degeneration. Epithelial cell height of seminal vesicles decreased significantly at all doses (P < 0.05). Marked decrease in epithelial folds was readily noticeable, while the lumen was dilated. Ultrastructural changes were characterized by dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, heterochromatization of nuclei, invagination of nuclear membranes and a decreased number of secretory granules. Percent DNA damage to the seminal vesicle was 19.54 +/- 1.98, 38.06 +/- 2.09 and 58.18 +/- 2.59 at 10 pg, 1 ng and 1 microgram doses respectively. CONCLUSION The study reveals that continuous administration of kisspeptin does not lead to an early maturation but instead severe degeneration of sexually immature seminal vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiqah Ramzan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Zia Qureshi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ramzan
- Department of Biochemistry, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Faiza Ramzan
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bianco SDC. A potential mechanism for the sexual dimorphism in the onset of puberty and incidence of idiopathic central precocious puberty in children: sex-specific kisspeptin as an integrator of puberty signals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:149. [PMID: 23248615 PMCID: PMC3521239 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The major determinants of the variability in pubertal maturation are reported to be genetic and inherited. Nonetheless, nutritional status contributes significantly to this variability. Malnutrition delays puberty whereas obesity has been associated to a rise in Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty (ICPP) in girls. However, epidemiology data indicate that contribution of obesity to early puberty varies significantly among ethnic groups, and that obesity-independent inheritable genetic factors are the strongest predictors of early puberty in any ethnic group. In fact, two human mutations with confirmed association to ICPP have been identified in children with no history of obesity. These mutations are in kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptor, a ligand/receptor pair with a major role on the onset of puberty and female cyclicity after puberty. Progressive increases in kisspeptin expression in hypothalamic nuclei known to regulate reproductive function has been associated to the onset of puberty, and hypothalamic expression of kisspeptin is reported to be sexually dimorphic in many species, which include humans. The hypothalamus of females is programmed to express significantly higher levels of kisspeptin than their male counterparts. Interestingly, incidence of ICPP and delayed puberty in children is markedly sexually dimorphic, such that ICPP is at least 10-fold more frequent in females, whereas prevalence of delayed puberty is about 5-fold higher in males. These observations are consistent with a possible involvement of sexually dimorphic kisspeptin signaling in the sexual dimorphism of normal puberty and of pubertal disorders in children of all ethnicities. This review discusses the likelihood of such associations, as well as a potential role of kisspeptin as the converging target of environmental, metabolic, and hormonal signals, which would be integrated in order to optimize reproductive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzy D. C. Bianco
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Suzy D. C. Bianco, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, BCRI, Suite 607, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|