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Ali Albsheer MM, Hubbard A, Dieng CC, Gebremeskel EI, Ahmed S, Rougeron V, Ibrahim ME, Lo E, Abdel Hamid MM. Extensive genetic diversity in Plasmodium vivax from Sudan and its genetic relationships with other geographical isolates. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105643. [PMID: 39053565 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax, traditionally overlooked has experienced a notable increase in cases in East Africa. This study investigated the geographical origin and genetic diversity of P. vivax in Sudan using 14 microsatellite markers. A total of 113 clinical P. vivax samples were collected from two different ecogeographical zones, New Halfa and Khartoum, in Sudan. Additionally, 841 geographical samples from the database were incorporated for a global genetic analysis to discern genetic relationships among P. vivax isolates on regional and worldwide scales. On the regional scale, our findings revealed 91 unique and 8 shared haplotypes among the Sudan samples, showcasing a remarkable genetic diversity compared to other geographical isolates and supporting the hypothesis that P. vivax originated from Africa. On a global scale, distinct genetic clustering of P. vivax isolates from Africa, South America, and Asia (including Papua New Guinea and Solomon Island) was observed, with limited admixture among the three clusters. Principal component analysis emphasized the substantial contribution of African isolates to the observed global genetic variation. The Sudanese populations displayed extensive genetic diversity, marked by significant multi-locus linkage disequilibrium, suggesting an ancestral source of P. vivax variation globally and frequent recombination among the isolates. Notably, the East African P. vivax exhibited similarity with some Asian isolates, indicating potential recent introductions. Overall, our results underscore the effectiveness of utilizing microsatellite markers for implementing robust control measures, given their ability to capture extensive genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musab M Ali Albsheer
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sinnar University, Sudan
| | - Alfred Hubbard
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Cheikh Cambel Dieng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | | | - Safaa Ahmed
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Virginie Rougeron
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier-CNRS-IRD), CREES, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Muntaser E Ibrahim
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Eugenia Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Muzamil M Abdel Hamid
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Muneer A, Adapa SR, Silbert S, Scanlan K, Vore H, Cannons A, Morrison AM, Stanek D, Blackmore C, Adams JH, Kim K, Jiang RH, Cui L. Autochthonous Plasmodium vivax Infections, Florida, USA, 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:1214-1217. [PMID: 38662728 PMCID: PMC11138989 DOI: 10.3201/eid3006.240336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
During May-July 2023, a cluster of 7 patients at local hospitals in Florida, USA, received a diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Whole-genome sequencing of the organism from 4 patients and phylogenetic analysis with worldwide representative P. vivax genomes indicated probable single parasite introduction from Central/South America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzane Silbert
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA (A. Muneer, K. Kim, L. Cui)
- University of South Florida School of Public Health, Tampa (S.R. Adapa, J.H. Adams, K. Kim, R.H.Y. Jiang)
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa (S. Silbert, K. Kim)
- Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, Florida, USA (K. Scanlan, H. Vore)
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa (A. Cannons)
- Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (A.M. Morrison, D. Stanek, C. Blackmore)
| | - Kelly Scanlan
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA (A. Muneer, K. Kim, L. Cui)
- University of South Florida School of Public Health, Tampa (S.R. Adapa, J.H. Adams, K. Kim, R.H.Y. Jiang)
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa (S. Silbert, K. Kim)
- Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, Florida, USA (K. Scanlan, H. Vore)
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa (A. Cannons)
- Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (A.M. Morrison, D. Stanek, C. Blackmore)
| | - Harold Vore
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA (A. Muneer, K. Kim, L. Cui)
- University of South Florida School of Public Health, Tampa (S.R. Adapa, J.H. Adams, K. Kim, R.H.Y. Jiang)
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa (S. Silbert, K. Kim)
- Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, Florida, USA (K. Scanlan, H. Vore)
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa (A. Cannons)
- Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (A.M. Morrison, D. Stanek, C. Blackmore)
| | - Andrew Cannons
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA (A. Muneer, K. Kim, L. Cui)
- University of South Florida School of Public Health, Tampa (S.R. Adapa, J.H. Adams, K. Kim, R.H.Y. Jiang)
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa (S. Silbert, K. Kim)
- Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, Florida, USA (K. Scanlan, H. Vore)
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa (A. Cannons)
- Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (A.M. Morrison, D. Stanek, C. Blackmore)
| | - Andrea M. Morrison
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA (A. Muneer, K. Kim, L. Cui)
- University of South Florida School of Public Health, Tampa (S.R. Adapa, J.H. Adams, K. Kim, R.H.Y. Jiang)
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa (S. Silbert, K. Kim)
- Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, Florida, USA (K. Scanlan, H. Vore)
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa (A. Cannons)
- Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (A.M. Morrison, D. Stanek, C. Blackmore)
| | - Danielle Stanek
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA (A. Muneer, K. Kim, L. Cui)
- University of South Florida School of Public Health, Tampa (S.R. Adapa, J.H. Adams, K. Kim, R.H.Y. Jiang)
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa (S. Silbert, K. Kim)
- Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, Florida, USA (K. Scanlan, H. Vore)
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa (A. Cannons)
- Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (A.M. Morrison, D. Stanek, C. Blackmore)
| | - Carina Blackmore
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA (A. Muneer, K. Kim, L. Cui)
- University of South Florida School of Public Health, Tampa (S.R. Adapa, J.H. Adams, K. Kim, R.H.Y. Jiang)
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa (S. Silbert, K. Kim)
- Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, Florida, USA (K. Scanlan, H. Vore)
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa (A. Cannons)
- Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (A.M. Morrison, D. Stanek, C. Blackmore)
| | - John H. Adams
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA (A. Muneer, K. Kim, L. Cui)
- University of South Florida School of Public Health, Tampa (S.R. Adapa, J.H. Adams, K. Kim, R.H.Y. Jiang)
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa (S. Silbert, K. Kim)
- Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, Florida, USA (K. Scanlan, H. Vore)
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa (A. Cannons)
- Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (A.M. Morrison, D. Stanek, C. Blackmore)
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Hong H, Eom TH, Trinh TTT, Tuan BD, Park H, Yeo SJ. Identification of breeding habitats and kdr mutations in Anopheles spp. in South Korea. Malar J 2023; 22:381. [PMID: 38104158 PMCID: PMC10724954 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is still endemic in South Korea. However, limited information is available on the current Anopheles breeding sites and the occurrence of insecticide resistance-associated genetic mutations and their distribution needed to control the malaria vector efficiently. METHODS This study explored breeding sites of Anopheline adults in Gimpo-si, near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in Gyeonggi-do province, South Korea, from 2022 to 2023. Genetic diversity was investigated based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS2), cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and knockdown resistance (kdr) genes of Anopheles mosquitoes. A natural environment associated with the seasonal abundance of Anopheles larvae was characterized. RESULTS Two breeding sites of Anopheles larvae and adults were found at a stream margin or shallow freshwater near the forest in Wolgot-myeon in Gimpo-si without cattle shed within 1 km and in Naega-myeon in Ganghwa-gun with cow shed within 100 m in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Both sites were located between the newly cultivated lands and the forest. Besides, both breeding sites were in the valley at a slight elevation of 60-70 m from ground lands and maintained the shadow all day. Overall, the Wolgot-myeon breeding site showed various Anopheles spp. larvae, including Anopheles sinensis. Naega-myeon, an additional breeding site found in 2023, had Anopheles sineroides larvae, and approximately 59.7% (89/149) of An. sinensis adults inhabited within a 100-m distance. The total collection, including larvae and adults, revealed that An. sinensis, Anopheles pullus, Anopheles kleini, An. sineroides, Anopheles belenrae, and Anopheles lindesayi accounted for 44.2% (118/267), 0.7% (2/267), 0.7% (2/267), 22.1% (59/267), 1.9% (5/267), and 30.3% (81/267), respectively. Furthermore, various kdr mutant genotypes (F/F, C/C, L/F, L/C and F/C) in An. sinensis, and the first kdr allele mutant (L/F1014) in An. belenrae were identified in South Korea. CONCLUSIONS Two breeding sites of Anopheles larvae were studied in Wolgot-myeon and Naega-myeon. Various Anopheles spp. larvae were detected in both habitats, but overall, An. sinensis was the most prevalent adults in both study sites. The occurrence of kdr allele mutant of An. belenrae in South Korea was reported. Rigorous larvae monitoring of Anopheles spp., continuously updating information on Anopheles breeding sites, and understanding the environmental conditions of Anopheles habitats are required to develop an effective malaria control programme in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelee Hong
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hui Eom
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy-Tien Thi Trinh
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao Duong Tuan
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ju Yeo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Jeon J, Kim HC, Klein TA, Choi KS. Analysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22009. [PMID: 38086890 PMCID: PMC10716165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, is the most predominant mosquito-borne disease that is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. In the Republic of Korea (ROK), there are currently several hundred malaria cases annually, mostly near the demilitarized zone (DMZ). Eight species of Anopheles mosquitoes are currently known to be present in the ROK. Similar to other major malaria vectors in Africa and India, it is very challenging to morphologically differentiate Anopheles mosquitoes in the ROK due to their extremely similar morphology. In this study, wing geometric morphometrics (WGM) were used to differentiate the eight Anopheles species collected at six locations near the DMZ, Seoul and Pyeongtaek from April-October 2021. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) genes for comparison with WGM analysis and to infer evolutionary relationships. The results of cross-validation (overall accuracy = 74.8%) demonstrated that species identification using WGM alone was not possible with a high accuracy for all eight species. While phylogenetic analyses based on the COI region could not clearly distinguish some species, the analysis based on ITS2 and TH was more useful for resolving the phylogenetic correlation of the eight species. Our results may improve Anopheles species identification strategies for effective identification and control of malaria vectors in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseung Jeon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Chul Kim
- U Inc., Daesakwan-ro 34-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04409, Republic of Korea
| | - Terry A Klein
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, Pyeongtaek, APO AP 96281-5281, USA
- PSC 450, Box 75R, Pyeongtaek, APO AP 96206, USA
| | - Kwang Shik Choi
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Bahk YY, Lee SB, Kim JB, Kim TS, Hong SJ, Kim DM, Lee S. Elevated plasma α1-antichymotrypsin is a biomarker candidate for malaria patients. BMB Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Bahk YY, Lee SB, Kim JB, Kim TS, Hong SJ, Kim DM, Lee S. Elevated plasma α1-antichymotrypsin is a biomarker candidate for malaria patients. BMB Rep 2022; 55:571-576. [PMID: 36195566 PMCID: PMC9712706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in the field of proteomics have provided opportunities to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against various diseases. About half of the world's population remains at risk of malaria. Caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, malaria is one of the oldest and largest risk factors responsible for the global burden of infectious diseases with an estimated 3.2 billion persons at risk of infection. For epidemiological surveillance and appropriate treatment of individuals infected with Plasmodium spp., timely detection is critical. In this study, we used combinations of depletion of abundant plasma proteins, 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), image analysis, LC-MS/MS and western blot analysis on the plasma of healthy donors (100 individuals) and vivax and falciparum malaria patients (100 vivax malaria patients and 8 falciparum malaria patients). These analyses revealed that α1-antichymotrypsin (AACT) protein levels were elevated in vivax malaria patient plasma samples (mean fold-change ± standard error: 2.83 ± 0.11, based on band intensities), but not in plasma from patients with other mosquito-borne infectious diseases. The results of AACT immunoblot analyses showed that AACT protein was significantly elevated in vivax and falciparum malaria patient plasma samples (≥ 2-fold) compared to healthy control donor plasma samples, which has not been previously reported. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(11): 571-576].
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Incheon 22212, Korea,Research Institute for Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-43-840-3903; Fax: +82-43-852-3616; E-mail: &
| | - Sang Bong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jong Bo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Dong Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Sungkeun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Choi S, Choi H, Park SY, Kwak YG, Song JE, Shin SY, Baek JH, Shin HI, Cho SH, Lee SE, Kwon JR, Park S, Kim M, Oh HS, Kim YC, Kim MJ, Yeom JS. Association between CYP2D6 phenotype and recurrence of Plasmodium vivax infection in south Korean patients. Malar J 2022; 21:289. [PMID: 36217154 PMCID: PMC9552356 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primaquine is activated by CYP2D6 in the hepatocytes. In Korea, primaquine is the only hypnozoitocidal agent used for patients with vivax malaria. Thus, patients with poor CYP2D6 activity could have an increased risk of primaquine failure and subsequent relapse. The study sought to identify the association between CYP2D6 phenotype and recurrence of malaria in Korean patients. Methods A total of 102 patients with vivax malaria were prospectively enrolled from eight institutions in Korea. An additional 38 blood samples from patients with recurred vivax malaria were provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Malaria recurrence was defined as more than one episode of vivax malaria in the same or consecutive years. CYP2D6 star alleles, phenotypes, and activity scores were examined. Results Genotyping for CYP2D6 was successful in 101 of the prospectively enrolled patients and 38 samples from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, of which 91 were included in the no-recurrence group and 48 were included in the recurrence group. Reduced CYP2D6 activity (intermediate metabolizer) phenotype was more common in the recurrence group than in the no-recurrence group (OR, 2.33 (95% CI, 1.14–4.77); p = 0.02). Patients with lower CYP2D6 activity had a higher probability of recurrence (p = 0.029). Conclusion This study suggests that CYP2D6 polymorphism may affect primaquine efficacy and thus Plasmodium vivax recurrence in Korea. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04311-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungim Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heun Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Gyung Kwak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Eun Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Il Shin
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Cho
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ran Kwon
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector borne Disease Control, Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sookkyung Park
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector borne Disease Control, Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector borne Disease Control, Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Sang Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chan Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon-Sup Yeom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee SY, Kim HC, Klein TA, Ryu J, Won MH, Choi JW, Kim MS, Chong ST, Lee SH, Kim YH, Kim JH, Choi KS. Species Diversity of Anopheles Mosquitoes and Plasmodium vivax Infection Rates, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea During 2020. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1778-1786. [PMID: 35819996 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are currently >300 malaria cases reported annually in the Republic of Korea (ROK), with most cases attributed to exposure in northern Gangwon and Gyeonggi provinces near the demilitarized zone (DMZ). The species diversity and malaria infection rate were determined for a sample of Anopheles mosquitoes collected from May to early November 2020 for six sites in a malaria high-risk area in/near the DMZ and two malaria low-risk areas in southern Gyeonggi province using Mosquito Magnet traps in the ROK. A total of 1864 Anopheles spp. were identified to species by PCR. Overall, An. kleini (31.4%, 510/1622) was the most frequently species assayed, followed by An. pullus (25.5%, 413/1622), An. sineroides (23.9%, 387/1622), and An. sinensis (10.2%, 165/1622), while the other four species only accunted for 9.1% (147/1622) collected in/near the DMZ. Only three species, An. pullus, An. sinensis, and An. sineroides were collected at Humphreys US Army Garrison (USAG) (235 individuals), while only An. sinensis was collected at Yongsan USAG (7 individuals). A total of 36 Anopheles specimens belonging to five species collected in/near the DMZ were positive for Plasmodium vivax by PCR. Anopheles kleini (9) was the most frequent species positive for P. vivax, followed by An. belenrae (8), An. pullus (8), An. sinensis (5), An. sineroides (5), and a member of the Anopheles Lindesayi Complex in the ROK (1). This is the first report of P. vivax in a member of the An. Lindesayi Complex in the ROK. These findings can assist in guiding future malaria vector management in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Heung Chul Kim
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
- U Inc. 34-gil, Daesakwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04409, Repulic of Korea
| | - Terry A Klein
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
| | - Jihun Ryu
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Hyeok Won
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Won Choi
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myung Soon Kim
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
| | - Sung Tae Chong
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
| | - Si Hyeock Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Crea
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Shik Choi
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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9
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Ubalee R, Kim HC, Phasomkusolsil S, Tawong J, Takhampunya R, Kayha A, Chairuksa S, Buadok W, Phunkitchar V, Poole-Smith BK, Davidson SA, Lee WJ, Klein TA. Vector Competence and the Susceptibility of Anopheles pullus and Anopheles belenrae to Plasmodium vivax-Infected Blood From Thai Patients. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1047-1052. [PMID: 35043209 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are eight Anopheles spp. present in the Republic of Korea (ROK), including five members of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group that cannot be identified using current morphological methods. The vector competence of only Anopheles sinensis s.s., An. lesteri, and An. kleini have been investigated. As the geographical distribution of Anopheles spp. varies in the ROK, determining the relative vector competence of the Anopheles spp. provides a basis for delineating malaria risks to Korean populations and U.S. military/civilian populations deployed to the ROK. Anopheles belenrae and An. pullus, collected from a malaria high-risk area in the ROK, were evaluated for vector competence of P. vivax. A total of 1,000 each of An. dirus (Thai strain), and Korean strains of An. pullus and An. belenrae were fed on P. vivax infected blood collected from Thai patients via artificial membrane feeding. The overall oocyst infection rates for An. dirus, An. pullus, and An. belenrae dissected on days 8-9 postfeed were 64.1, 12.0, and 11.6%, respectively. The overall sporozoite infection rates for those species dissected on days 14-15 postfeed were 84.5, 3.4, and 5.1% respectively. The salivary gland sporozoite indices for positive females with +4 (>1,000 sporozoites) were observed in An. dirus (72.8%), but not observed for either An. pullus or An. belenrae. Most sporozoite-positive An. pullus (83.3%) and An. belenrae (71.4%) females were observed with only +1 (1-10 sporozoites) salivary glands. These data indicate that both An. belenrae and An. pullus are very poor vectors of P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratawan Ubalee
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, USA
| | - Siriporn Phasomkusolsil
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jaruwan Tawong
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ratree Takhampunya
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amnart Kayha
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suparat Chairuksa
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranya Buadok
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vichit Phunkitchar
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Betty K Poole-Smith
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Silas A Davidson
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Won-Ja Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Terry A Klein
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, USA
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10
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Kim YH, Ahn HJ, Kim D, Hong SJ, Kim TS, Nam HW. Recent Spatial and Temporal Trends of Malaria in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:585-593. [PMID: 34974665 PMCID: PMC8721308 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study was done to provide an analytical overview on the latest malaria infection clusters by evaluating temporal trends during 2010–2019 in Korea. Incheon was the most likely cluster (MLC) for all cases of malaria during the total period. MLCs for P. falciparum, vivax, malariae, ovale, and clinically diagnosed malaria without parasitological confirmation were Jeollanam-do, Incheon, Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeollabuk-do, respectively. Malaria was decreasing in most significant clusters, but Gwangju showed an increase for all cases of malaria, P. vivax and clinically diagnosed cases. Malaria overall, P. falciparum and P. vivax seem to be under control thanks to aggressive health measures. This study might provide a sound scientific basis for future control measures against malaria in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Ahn
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Dongjae Kim
- Department of Biomedicine Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012,
Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012,
Korea
| | - Ho-Woo Nam
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
- Corresponding author ()
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11
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Bahk YY, Cho SH, Park S, Kwon J, Kan H, Kim M, Na BK, Hong SJ, Kwon HW, Kim TS. Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions Regarding Endemic Vivax Malaria in Inhabitants and Patients in Two Cities of Northern Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 2020. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:595-605. [PMID: 34974666 PMCID: PMC8721300 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the knowledges, attitudes and perceptions of different populations is key for public health policy makers. Here, a survey was performed on knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about malaria diagnosis, prevention, control, and treatment. The 407 survey participants included both uninfected inhabitants and patients from 2 cities (Gimpo- and Paju-si) of Northern Gyeonggi-do, known as high-risk areas for vivax malaria. We used community-based study design and non-probability sampling method using the primary data. Association between variables were tested using χ2-tests. In general, the information on malaria reported by the participants in this study was unsystematic and included inaccurate details. The knowledge of malaria symptoms, identified as headache, chills and fever, was high, but the surveyed community lacks knowledge of the specific medications used for malaria treatment, with a large number of respondents having no knowledge of any form of medication. Survey questions with high correct answer rates included questions about easy treatment of malaria in Korea, the high daytime activity of malaria-borne mosquitoes, and the infection risk posed by outdoor activities. However, a large portion of the respondents was unable to provide simple medical and biological information about the disease. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practical behavior of the surveyed community with respect to malaria and the implications reported here could be applicable to other malaria endemic areas in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478,
Korea
| | | | - Sookkyung Park
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159,
Korea
| | - Jeongran Kwon
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159,
Korea
| | - Hyesu Kan
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159,
Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159,
Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, and Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727,
Korea
| | - Sung Jong Hong
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012,
Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012,
Korea
- Department of Biological Science and Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012,
Korea
- Corresponding authors (; )
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012,
Korea
- Corresponding authors (; )
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12
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Bahk YY, Cho SH, Na BK, Hong SJ, Lee SK, Kim TS. Awareness and Opinions of Inhabitants on Vivax Malaria in Two Endemic Areas, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:513-518. [PMID: 34724772 PMCID: PMC8561045 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of vivax malaria in Korea was reduced to a low plateau. For successful elimination of vivax malaria, socio-behavioral changes in the communities are essential. This study aimed to figure out awareness of the inhabitants on the vivax malaria endemicity. The 407 participants including vivax malaria patients and uninfected inhabitants in Gimpo- and Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, known as high-risk areas in Korea. We used a community-based study design and non-probability sampling method using primary data. Except for the perception about the public health facilities’ capability to cope with anti-malaria programs, the 2 groups of participants shared the same level of awareness about public promotional and educational measures and opinions for malaria elimination from the community. Thus, our future goals for malaria prevention and elimination are to develop more active and well-organized community-based education and evaluation programs collaborating with the community healthcare authorities and local governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | | | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea, and Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Sung Jong Hong
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Sung-Keun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.,Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
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13
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Bahk YY, Cho SH, Kim KN, Shin EH, Jeon BH, Kim JH, Park S, Kwon J, Kan H, Kim M, Kim TS. An Epidemiological Analysis of 28 Vivax Malaria Cases in Gimpo-si, Korea, 2020. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:507-512. [PMID: 34724771 PMCID: PMC8561053 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since 1993, vivax malaria has been recognized as a public health burden in Korea. Despite of pan-governmental malaria-control efforts and the dramatic reduction in the burden of this disease over the last 10 years, vivax malaria has not been well controlled and has remained continuously endemic. We focused interviewed and examined the charts of 28 confirmed vivax malaria patients given malarial therapy for whom daily records were kept from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do of Korea. Various epidemiological characteristics of vivax malaria, including the incubation period, medication used, and recurrence, and an evaluation of the parasitic characteristics from the focused interviews of patients from this region are described here. Most of the participants indicated the 3 most common symptoms of malaria (headache, chills and fever). Of the 28 cases, 2 experienced a second attack and there were 17 and 11 cases with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively, yielding a short-term to long-term ratio of 1.5. Based on the parasitemia stages, most of the participants were tested at 5 to 7 days (11 cases) and 7 to 15 days (11 cases) after initial wave of asexual parasites. In conclusion, public health authorities should consider developing management measures to decrease the time lag for diagnosis and drafting unified and robust guidelines for drug use for malaria and drawing up unified and robust guidelines on the use of medication for malaria. It also suggests that routine monitoring, surveillance, and precise medical surveys in high-risk vivax malaria endemic areas are pivotal to controlling this persistent public disease and finally eliminating it from Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | | | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Shin
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Byoung-Hak Jeon
- Department of Municipal Hospital Policy & Management, Seoul Health Foundation, Seoul 04512, Korea
| | | | - Sookkyung Park
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Jeongran Kwon
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Hyesu Kan
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
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14
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Bahk YY, Ahn SK, Lee J, Im JH, Yeom JS, Park S, Kwon J, Kan H, Kim M, Jang W, Kim TS. A Profile of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants and Deficiency of Multicultural Families in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:447-455. [PMID: 34724763 PMCID: PMC8561050 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vivax malaria incidence in Korea is now decreased and showing a low plateau. Nowadays, vivax malaria in Korea is expected to be successfully eliminated with anti-malaria chemotherapy, primaquine, and vector control. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is associated with potential hemolytic anemia after primaquine administration. This inborn disorder has a pivotal polymorphism with genetic variants and is the most prevalent X-chromosome-linked disorder. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was previously reported negligible in Korea. As the population of multicultural families pertaining marriage immigrants and their adolescents increases, it is necessary to check G6PD deficiency for them prior to primaquine treatment for vivax malaria. The prevalence of G6PD variants and G6PD deficiency in multicultural families was performed in 7 counties and 2 cities of Jeollanam-do (Province), Gyeonggi-do, and Gangwon-do. A total of 733 blood samples of multicultural family participants were subjected to test the phenotypic and genetic G6PD deficiency status using G6PD enzyme activity quantitation kit and PCR-based G6PD genotyping kit. The G6PD phenotypic deficiency was observed in 7.8% of male adolescent participants and 3.2% of materfamilias population. Based on the PCR-based genotyping, we observed total 35 participants carrying the mutated alleles. It is proposed that primaquine prescription should seriously be considered prior to malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Ahn
- Infectious Diseases Investigation Division, Jeonnam Institute of Public Health and Environment, Muan 58568, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Im
- Division of Infection Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Joon-Sup Yeom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sookkyung Park
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Jeongran Kwon
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Hyesu Kan
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Policy, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Woori Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
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15
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Thorne N, Flores-Olazo L, Egoávil-Espejo R, Vela EA, Noel J, Valdivia-Silva J, van Noort D. Systematic Review: Microfluidics and Plasmodium. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101245. [PMID: 34683295 PMCID: PMC8538353 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria affects 228 million people worldwide each year, causing severe disease and worsening the conditions of already vulnerable populations. In this review, we explore how malaria has been detected in the past and how it can be detected in the future. Our primary focus is on finding new directions for low-cost diagnostic methods that unspecialized personnel can apply in situ. Through this review, we show that microfluidic devices can help pre-concentrate samples of blood infected with malaria to facilitate the diagnosis. Importantly, these devices can be made cheaply and be readily deployed in remote locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Thorne
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (D.v.N.)
| | - Luis Flores-Olazo
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
| | - Rocío Egoávil-Espejo
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
| | - Emir A. Vela
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru
| | - Julien Noel
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru
| | - Julio Valdivia-Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
| | - Danny van Noort
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
- Biotechnology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (D.v.N.)
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16
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Agudelo Higuita NI, White BP, Franco-Paredes C, McGhee MA. An update on prevention of malaria in travelers. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021; 8:20499361211040690. [PMID: 34484736 PMCID: PMC8408895 DOI: 10.1177/20499361211040690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, a parasitic disease caused by protozoa belonging to the genus Plasmodium, continues to represent a formidable public health challenge. Despite being a preventable disease, cases reported among travelers have continued to increase in recent decades. Protection of travelers against malaria, a potentially life-threatening disease, is of paramount importance, and it is therefore necessary for healthcare professionals to be up to date with the most recent recommendations. The present review provides an update of the existent measures for malaria prevention among travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan Pinckney White
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacist, Oklahoma University Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Miranda Ann McGhee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 800 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Suite 7300, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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17
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Population Pharmacokinetics of Primaquine in the Korean Population. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050652. [PMID: 34063671 PMCID: PMC8147617 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While primaquine has long been used for malaria treatment, treatment failure is common. This study aims to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of primaquine and its metabolite, carboxyprimaquine, and examine factors influencing pharmacokinetic variability. The data was obtained from a clinical study in 24 Korean subjects randomly assigned to normal and obese groups. The participants received primaquine 15 mg daily for 4 days and blood samples were collected at day 4. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed with NONMEM and using simulations; the influences of doses and covariates on drug exposure were examined. A minimal physiology-based pharmacokinetic model connected with a liver compartment comprehensively described the data, with CYP450 mediated clearance being positively correlated with the body weight and CYP2D6 activity score (p < 0.05). In the simulation, while the weight-normalized area under drug concentration for primaquine in the obese group decreased by 29% at the current recommended dose of 15 mg, it became similar to the normal weight group at a weight-normalized dose of 3.5 mg/kg. This study has demonstrated that the body weight and CYP2D6 activity score significantly influence the pharmacokinetics of primaquine. The developed model is expected to be used as a basis for optimal malaria treatment in Korean patients.
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18
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Jang JY, Chun BC. Association of Anopheles sinensis average abundance and climate factors: Use of mosquito surveillance data in Goyang, Korea. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244479. [PMID: 33370376 PMCID: PMC7769257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a vector-borne disease transmitted by Anopheline mosquitoes. In Korea, Plasmodium vivax malaria is an endemic disease and the main vector is Anopheles sinensis. Plasmodium vivax malaria is common in the northwestern part of South Korea, including in the city of Goyang in regions near the demilitarized zone. This study aimed to identify the best time-series model for predicting mosquito average abundance in Goyang, Korea. Mosquito data were obtained from the Mosquito Surveillance Program of the Goyang Ilsanseogu Public Health Center for the period 2008–2012. Black light traps were set up periodically in a park, a senior community center, and a village community center, public health center, drainage pumping station, cactus research center, restaurant near forest, in which many activities occur at night. In total, 9,512 female mosquitoes were collected at 12 permanent trapping sites during the mosquito season in the study period. Weekly An. sinensis average abundance was positively correlated with minimum grass temperature (r = 0.694, p < 0.001), precipitation (r = 0.326, p = 0.001). The results showed that seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) (1,0,0)(0,0,1)21 with minimum grass temperature variable at time lag0 weeks and the precipitation variable at time lag1 weeks provided that best model of mosquito average abundance. The multivariate model accounted for about 54.1% of the mosquito average abundance variation. Time-series analysis of mosquito average abundance and climate factors provided basic information for predicting the occurrence of malaria mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Jang
- Department of Public Health, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Chun
- Department of Public Health, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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19
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Nasir SMI, Amarasekara S, Wickremasinghe R, Fernando D, Udagama P. Prevention of re-establishment of malaria: historical perspective and future prospects. Malar J 2020; 19:452. [PMID: 33287809 PMCID: PMC7720033 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of re-establishment (POR) refers to the prevention of malaria outbreak/epidemic occurrence or preventing re-establishment of indigenous malaria in a malaria-free country. Understanding the effectiveness of the various strategies used for POR is, therefore, of vital importance to countries certified as "malaria-free" or to the countries to be thus certified in the near future. This review is based on extensive review of literature on both the POR strategies and elimination schemes of countries, (i) that have reached malaria-free status (e.g. Armenia, Mauritius, Sri Lanka), (ii) those that are reaching pre-elimination stage (e.g. South Korea), and (iii) countries at the control phase (e.g. India). History has clearly shown that poorly implemented POR programmes can result in deadly consequences (e.g. Sri Lanka); conversely, there are examples of robust POR programmes that have sustained malaria free status that can serve as examples to countries working toward elimination. Countries awaiting malaria elimination status should pre-plan their POR strategies. Malaria-free countries face the risk of resurgence mostly due to imported malaria cases; thus, a robust passenger screening programme and cross border collaborations are crucial in a POR setting. In addition, sustained vigilance, and continued funding for the national anti-malarial campaign programme and for related research is of vital importance for POR. With distinct intrinsic potential for malaria in each country, tailor-made POR programmes are built through continuous and robust epidemiological and entomological surveillance, particularly in countries such as Sri Lanka with increased receptivity and vulnerability for malaria transmission. In summary, across all five countries under scrutiny, common strengths of the POR programmes are (i) a multipronged approach, (ii) strong passive, active, and activated passive case detection, (iii) Indoor residual spraying (IRS), and (iv) health education/awareness programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ibraheem Nasir
- Department of Zoology & Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - Sachini Amarasekara
- Department of Zoology & Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - Renu Wickremasinghe
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Deepika Fernando
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Preethi Udagama
- Department of Zoology & Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
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20
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Sung J, Cheong HK, Lim AY, Kim JH. A small window into the status of malaria in North Korea: estimation of imported malaria incidence among visitors from South Korea. Epidemiol Health 2020; 42:e2020068. [PMID: 33227181 PMCID: PMC8137370 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop hypotheses on trends in malaria incidence in North Korea using malaria incidence among South Korean visitors to North Korea. METHODS The number of South Korean tourists who visited Mount Kumgang from 2000 to 2008 and the number of South Korean employees at the Kaesong Industrial Complex from 2005 to 2015 were obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service. The number of malaria cases among South Koreans who visited North Korea was obtained from a previous report. The incidence of malaria per 100,000 person-years was calculated using these data and compared with the malaria incidence in North Korea derived from published articles. RESULTS A high incidence of malaria in 2001 and a sharp decline in the following years were observed in both South and North Korean data. Since then, North Korean data showed a relatively low and stable incidence, but the incidence among South Koreans visiting North Korea increased in 2006. Considering the trends in mass primaquine preventive treatment, floods, and economic growth rate, the incidence of malaria may have increased in North Korea in 2006. Since 2009, the incidence of malaria decreased gradually according to both South and North Korean data. CONCLUSIONS The trends of malaria incidence in North Korea could be reflected through its incidence among South Koreans who visited North Korea. For future inter-Korean collaboration aiming to eradicate malaria, we propose that a North Korean malaria monitoring system be established applying this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Sung
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ah-Young Lim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Hun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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21
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Park SH, Jun H, Ahn SK, Lee J, Yu SL, Lee SK, Kang JM, Kim H, Lee HI, Hong SJ, Na BK, Bahk YY, Kim TS. Monitoring Insecticide Resistance and Target Site Mutations of L1014 Kdr And G119 Ace Alleles in Five Mosquito Populations in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:543-550. [PMID: 33202506 PMCID: PMC7672240 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are globally distributed and important vectors for the transmission of many human diseases. Mosquito control is a difficult task and the cost of preventing mosquito-borne diseases is much lower than that for curing the associated diseases. Thus, chemical control remains the most effective tool for mosquito. Due to the long-term intensive use of insecticides to control mosquito vectors, resistance to most chemical insecticides has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between insecticide resistance and target site mutation of L1014 kdr and G119 ace alleles in 5 species/species group of mosquitoes (Aedes vexans, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles spp., Culex pipiens complex, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus) obtained from 6 collection sites. For Anopheles spp., the proportion of mosquitoes with mutated alleles in L1014 was 88.4%, homozygous resistant genotypes were observed in 46.7%, and heterozygous resistant genotypes were observed in 41.8%. For the Cx. pipiens complex and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus species, homozygous resistant genotypes were found in 25.9% and 9.8%, respectively. However, target site mutation of L1014 in the Ae. vexans nipponii and Ae. albopictus species was not observed. Anopheles spp., Cx. pipiens complex, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes were resistant to deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos, whereas Ae. vexans nipponii and Ae. albopictus were clearly susceptible. We also found a correlation between the resistance phenotype and the presence of the L1014 kdr and G119 ace mutations only in the Anopheles spp. population. In this study, we suggest that insecticide resistance poses a growing threat and resistance management must be integrated into all mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hye Park
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Hojong Jun
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Ahn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Yu
- Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sung Keun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Hee-Il Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
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22
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Im JH, Kim TS, Chung MH, Baek JH, Kwon HY, Lee JS. Current Status and a Perspective of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Republic of Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 21:69-77. [PMID: 33136531 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mosquito-borne diseases in the Republic of Korea have a unique epidemiology due to the rapid improvement in hygiene and economic status, occurrence of four distinct seasons, and separation from North Korea owing to the political situation. Therefore, we aimed to analyze and review the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases in Korea. Methods: The incidence and geographical distribution of malaria, Japanese encephalitis (JE), Zika virus infection, chikungunya fever, and dengue fever were investigated using data from the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lymphatic filariasis and West Nile fever, which have rarely been reported in Korea, have also been discussed in this literature review. Results and Conclusions: Malaria disappeared from Korea in 1979, but since its re-emergence in 1993 there has been constant occurrence with local transmission. In Korea, vivax malaria is the only prevailing disease, and the clinically problematic chloroquine resistance has not been reported. The incidence of JE has greatly reduced since the introduction of the national vaccination program for children in 1985. However, the incidence of JE has been increasing recently, especially in adults >40 years of age. Filariasis, which was previously endemic to Jeju Island and the southern coastal area, has not been reported since 2002. Although there are numerous imported cases with increasing overseas travel, there are still no indigenous cases of Zika, chikungunya, and dengue fever reported in Korea. The West Nile virus was isolated from migratory birds, but there has been only one imported human case to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyoung Im
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hyun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seogwipo Medical Center, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Baek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea Yoon Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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23
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Lee E, Yang SC, Kim TK, Noh BE, Lee HS, Kim H, Roh JY, Lee WG. Geographical Genetic Variation and Sources of Korean Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1057-1068. [PMID: 31972007 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is a mosquito vector raising global health concerns owing to its transmission of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. This vector accounts for a large proportion of the Korean mosquito community; however, autochthonous clinical cases resulting from this species remain unreported in South Korea. This study aimed to examine the geographical genetic variations and sources of Ae. albopictus populations in South Korea exclusively on the basis of COI gene analysis from 292 samples collected from 37 localities in 2016-2018 and 290 reference sequences from GenBank. Thirty-eight haplotypes were identified among the 292 Ae. albopictus samples, with H1 (n = 190, 65.1%), H29 (n = 24, 8.22%), and H32 (n = 24, 8.22%) being the most common and widely distributed haplotypes in the mainland, southern coastal region, and Jeju Island, respectively. In general, high haplotype (≥0.5; 44.7%) and low nucleotide (≤0.00148 max.) diversity were observed in these populations. Based on eight regional groups, results of neutral tests and a mismatch analysis supported demographic expansions after bottlenecks. Furthermore, analysis of molecular variance, FST, and K2P distance showed that Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeju Island, and mainland groups were genetically differentiated. Haplotype network and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the sources of the main haplotypes are related to strains from other countries. The current findings need to be validated with additional sampling from heterogeneous habitats and different genetic markers. However, our results suggest that haplotype changes should be closely monitored for efficient vector surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunJung Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Chan Yang
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyu Kim
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Eon Noh
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Seon Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Yul Roh
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Gyo Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Jegal S, Jun H, Kim-Jeon MD, Park SH, Ahn SK, Lee J, Gong YW, Joo K, Kwon MJ, Roh JY, Lee WG, Lee W, Bahk YY, Kim TS. Three-year surveillance of culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for flavivirus infections in Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-si of Gyeonggi-do Province, Republic of Korea. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105258. [PMID: 31733189 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus that belongs to family Flaviviridae and emerged as one of the most pivotal form of viral encephalitis. The virus is transmitted to humans by mosquito vector and is an etiological agent of acute zoonotic infection. In this study, we investigated distribution and density over 3-year period in central regions of Korean peninsula. We selected two cities as mosquito-collecting locations and subdivided them into five collection sites; downtown Incheon Metropolitan City as a typical urban area, and the Hwaseong-si area as a rural area. A total of 35,445 female culicine mosquitoes were collected using black light traps or BG Sentinel™ traps from March to November 2016-2018. Aedes (Ae.) vexans nipponii was the most frequently collected specimens (48.91%), followed by Culex (Cx.) pipiens (32.05%), Ochlerotatus (Och.) dorsalis (13.58%), Och. koreicus (1.68%), and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (1.49%). In the urban area, Cx. pipiens was the predominant species (92.21%) and the other species accounted for <5% of the total mosquitoes collected. However, in the rural area, Ae. vexans nipponii had the highest population (61.90%), followed by Och. dorsalis (17.10%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (1.84%) and Och, koreicus (1.78%). Culicine mosquitoes were identified at the species level, placed in pools of up to 30 mosquitoes each, and screened for flavivirus RNA using the SYBR Green-based RT-PCR. Three of the assayed 1092 pools were positive for Chaoyang virus from Ae. vexans nipponii and Japanese encephalitis virus from Cx. pipiens. The maximum likelihood estimations (the estimated number of virus-positive mosquitoes/1000 mosquitoes) for Ae. vexans nipponii positive for Chaoyang virus and Cx. pipiens for Japanese encephalitis virus were 3.095 and 0.20, respectively. The results of our study demonstrate that although mosquito-borne diseases were not detected in the potential vectors, enhanced monitoring and long-term surveillance of these vector viruses are of great public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jegal
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, South Korea
| | - Hojong Jun
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Myung-Deok Kim-Jeon
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, South Korea
| | - Seo Hye Park
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Ahn
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, South Korea
| | - Kwangsig Joo
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, South Korea
| | - Mun Ju Kwon
- Department of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon 22320, South Korea
| | - Jong Yul Roh
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, South Korea
| | - Wook-Gyo Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, South Korea
| | - Woojoo Lee
- Department of Statistics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, South Korea.
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
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Bahk YY, Kim J, Ahn SK, Na BK, Chai JY, Kim TS. Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Causing Epidemic Malaria in the Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:545-552. [PMID: 30630274 PMCID: PMC6327206 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is more challenging to control and eliminate than P. falciparum due to its more asymptomatic infections with low parasite densities making diagnosis more difficult, in addition to its unique biological characteristics. The potential re-introduction of incidence cases, either through borders or via human migrations, is another major hurdle to sustained control and elimination. The Republic of Korea has experienced re-emergence of vivax malaria in 1993 but is one of the 32 malaria-eliminating countries to-date. Despite achieving successful nationwide control and elimination of vivax malaria, the evolutionary characteristics of vivax malaria isolates in the Republic of Korea have not been fully understood. In this review, we present an overview of the genetic variability of such isolates to increase understanding of the epidemiology, diversity, and dynamics of vivax populations in the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478,
Korea
| | - Jeonga Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294,
USA
| | - Seong Kyu Ahn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212,
Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727,
Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07653,
Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212,
Korea
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