1
|
Somasundaram I, Jain SM, Blot-Chabaud M, Pathak S, Banerjee A, Rawat S, Sharma NR, Duttaroy AK. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its association with age-related disorders. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1384966. [PMID: 39015222 PMCID: PMC11250148 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1384966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that features a functional decline in many organelles. Various factors influence the aging process, such as chromosomal abnormalities, epigenetic changes, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction significantly impacts aging because mitochondria regulate cellular energy, oxidative balance, and calcium levels. Mitochondrial integrity is maintained by mitophagy, which helps maintain cellular homeostasis, prevents ROS production, and protects against mtDNA damage. However, increased calcium uptake and oxidative stress can disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability, leading to the apoptotic cascade. This disruption causes increased production of free radicals, leading to oxidative modification and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations, which contribute to cellular dysfunction and aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting from structural and functional changes, is linked to age-related degenerative diseases. This review focuses on mitochondrial dysfunction, its implications in aging and age-related disorders, and potential anti-aging strategies through targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Somasundaram
- Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur, India
| | - Samatha M. Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | | | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | - Sonali Rawat
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Inhibiting specificity protein 1 attenuated sevoflurane-induced mitochondrial stress and promoted autophagy in hippocampal neurons through PI3K/Akt/mTOR and α7-nAChR signaling. Neurosci Lett 2023; 794:136995. [PMID: 36464148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane, a commonly used anesthetic in surgery, is considered as an inducer of neurodegenerative diseases and postoperative complications including postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Evidence showed that specificity protein 1 (SP1) participated in the regulation of various cellular processes. Also, SP1 was found to modulate sevoflurane-induced hippocampal inflammatory injury both in vitro and in vivo. Our study aimed to illustrate the role of SP1 in mediating mitochondrial stress and autophagy in neurons under sevoflurane exposure. SiRNA for SP1 was transfected in to hippocampus neurons for the loss-of-function assay before sevoflurane stimulation. Meanwhile, recilisib was utilized for PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling activation, GTS-21 and MLA (methylycaconitine citrate) were used to activate or inactivate alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), respectively. Sevoflurane induced SP1 upregulation and autophagy suppression. Interfering SP1 dramatically depressed the promoted oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by sevoflurane. Additionally, SP1 silence blocked sevoflurane-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and inhibition of α7-nAChR. Restoring PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling or depressing CAP significantly reversed the repressive effects of SP1 knockdown on mitochondrial stress and autophagy imbalance in hippocampal cells. In conclusions, our research indicated that SP1 regulated sevoflurane-induced oxidative stress dysregulation, mitochondrial function and cell autophagy in hippocampus via mediating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and α7-nAChR pathways. Therefore, it might provide a novel sight for sevoflurane-induced hippocampus injury and POCD therapy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fantalis D, Bordovsky S, Preobrazhenskaya I. Cognitive and emotional disorders in neurosurgical patients and their impact on postoperative rehabilitation. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:81-87. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212202181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
4
|
Chen X, Gao F, Lin C, Chen A, Deng J, Chen P, Lin M, Xie B, Liao Y, Gong C, Zheng X. mTOR-mediated autophagy in the hippocampus is involved in perioperative neurocognitive disorders in diabetic rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:540-553. [PMID: 34784444 PMCID: PMC8928925 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are common neurological complications after surgery. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported to be an independent risk factor for PND, but little is known about its mechanism of action. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is crucial for neuronal growth, development, apoptosis, and autophagy, but the dysregulation of mTOR signaling leads to neurological disorders. The present study investigated whether rapamycin can attenuate PND by inhibiting mTOR and activating autophagy in diabetic rats. Methods Male diabetic Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent tibial fracture surgery under isoflurane anesthesia to establish a PND model. Cognitive functions were examined using the Morris water maze test. The levels of phosphorylated mTOR (p‐mTOR), phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), autophagy‐related proteins (Beclin‐1, LC3), and apoptosis‐related proteins (Bax, Bcl‐2, cleaved caspase‐3) in the hippocampus were examined on postoperative days 3, 7, and 14 by Western blot. Hippocampal amyloid β (Aβ) levels were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results The data showed that surgical trauma and/or DM impaired cognitive function, induced mTOR activation, and decreased Beclin‐1 levels and the LC3‐II/I ratio. The levels of Aβ and p‐tau and the hippocampal apoptotic responses were significantly higher in diabetic or surgery‐treated rats than in control rats and were further increased in diabetic rats subjected to surgery. Pretreatment of rats with rapamycin inhibited mTOR hyperactivation and restored autophagic function, effectively decreasing tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ deposition, and apoptosis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, surgical trauma‐induced neurocognitive disorders were also reversed by pretreatment of diabetic rats with rapamycin. Conclusion The results demonstrate that mTOR hyperactivation regulates autophagy, playing a critical role in the mechanism underlying PND, and reveal that the modulation of mTOR signaling could be a promising therapeutic strategy for PND in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Andi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingxue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanling Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cansheng Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gadallah SH, Ghanem HM, Abdel-Ghaffar A, Metwaly FG, Hanafy LK, Ahmed EK. 4-Phenylbutyric acid and rapamycin improved diabetic status in high fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes through activation of autophagy. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:235-244. [PMID: 31215250 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1628069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence supports the role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of T2DM. Also, abnormal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response that has been implicated as a cause of insulin resistance (IR) could also be affected by the autophagic status in β-cells. The present study was designed to investigate whether autophagy is regulated in T2DM as well as to investigate the modulatory effect of the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and the autophagy inducer rapamycin (Rapa) on the autophagic and diabetic status using type 2 diabetic animal model with IR. Treatment of diabetic rats with either 4-PBA or Rapa improved significantly the states of hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, increased the antioxidant capacity, reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation and ER stress and increased the autophagic flux. The obtained improvements were attributed mainly to the induction of autophagy with subsequent regulation of ER stress-oxidative activation and prevention of β-cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa H Gadallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M Ghanem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Abdel-Ghaffar
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma G Metwaly
- Department of Histology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila K Hanafy
- Department of Histology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emad K Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Behl T, Sehgal A, Bala R, Chadha S. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and role of autophagy in obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2881-2895. [PMID: 33797660 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vital for growth, proliferation, subsistence, and thermogenesis, autophagy is the biological cascade, which confers defence against aging and various pathologies. Current research has demonstrated de novo activity of autophagy in stimulation of biological events. There exists a significant association between autophagy activation and obesity, encompassing expansion of adipocytes which facilitates β cell activity. The main objective of the manuscript is to enumerate intrinsic role of autophagy in obesity and associated complications. The peer review articles published till date were searched using medical databases like PubMed and MEDLINE for research, primarily in English language. Obesity is characterized by adipocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which leads to imbalance of lipid absorption, free fatty acid release, and mitochondrial activity. Detailed evaluation of obesity progression is necessary for its treatment and related comorbidities. Data collected in regard to etiological sustaining of obesity, has revealed hypothesized energy misbalance and neuro-humoral dysfunction, which is stimulated by autophagy. Autophagy regulates chief salvaging events for protein clustering, excessive triglycerides, and impaired mitochondria which is accompanied by oxidative and genotoxic stress in mammals. Autophagy is a homeostatic event, which regulates biological process by eliminating lethal cells and reprocessing physiological constituents, comprising of proteins and fat. Unquestionably, autophagy impairment is involved in metabolic syndromes, like obesity. According to an individual's metabolic outline, autophagy activation is essential for metabolism and activity of the adipose tissue and to retard metabolic syndrome i.e. obesity. The manuscript summarizes the perception of current knowledge on autophagy stimulation and its effect on the obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajni Bala
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Swati Chadha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Distinct roles of UVRAG and EGFR signaling in skeletal muscle homeostasis. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101185. [PMID: 33561544 PMCID: PMC7921879 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Autophagy is a physiological self-eating process that can promote cell survival or activate cell death in eukaryotic cells. In skeletal muscle, it is important for maintaining muscle mass and function that is critical to sustain mobility and regulate metabolism. The UV radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG) regulates the early stages of autophagy and autophagosome maturation and plays a key role in endosomal trafficking. This study investigated the essential in vivo role of UVRAG in skeletal muscle biology. Methods To determine the role of UVRAG in skeletal muscle in vivo, we generated muscle-specific UVRAG knockout mice using the Cre-loxP system driven by Myf6 promoter that is exclusively expressed in skeletal muscle. Myf6-Cre+ UVRAGfl/fl (M-UVRAG−/−) mice were compared to littermate Myf6-Cre+ UVRAG+/+ (M-UVRAG+/+) controls under basal conditions on a normal chow diet. Body composition, muscle function, and mitochondria morphology were assessed in muscles of the WT and KO mice at 24 weeks of age. Results M-UVRAG−/− mice developed accelerated sarcopenia and impaired muscle function compared to M-UVRAG+/+ littermates at 24 weeks of age. Interestingly, these mice displayed improved glucose tolerance and increased energy expenditure likely related to upregulated Fgf21, a marker of muscle dysfunction. Skeletal muscle of the M-UVRAG−/− mice showed altered mitochondrial morphology with increased mitochondrial fission and EGFR accumulation reflecting defects in endosomal trafficking. To determine whether increased EGFR signaling had a causal role in muscle dysfunction, the mice were treated with an EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib, which partially restored markers of muscle and mitochondrial deregulation. Conversely, constitutively active EGFR transgenic expression in UVRAG-deficient muscle led to further detrimental effects with non-overlapping distinct defects in muscle function, with EGFR activation affecting the muscle fiber type whereas UVRAG deficiency impaired mitochondrial homeostasis. Conclusions Our results show that both UVRAG and EGFR signaling are critical for maintaining muscle mass and function with distinct mechanisms in the differentiation pathway. Deletion of UVRAG in skeletal muscle accelerates muscle wasting with aging. UVRAG in skeletal muscle regulates mitochondrial dynamics and function. UVRAG deletion leads to EGFR accumulation in skeletal muscle. Constitutively active EGFR contributes to muscle fiber type determination.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu Q, Fan Y, Loor JJ, Liang Y, Sun X, Jia H, Zhao C, Xu C. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase ameliorates bovine adipocyte oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant responses and autophagy. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4516-4528. [PMID: 33551161 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases in dairy cows with ketosis, suggesting that the tissue experiences oxidative stress. Autophagy, an adaptive response to cellular stress, has been shown to promote survival and plays a critical role in antioxidant responses. Dysregulation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is closely related to antioxidant responses and autophagy of adipocytes in animal models of metabolic disorders, but its role in bovine adipose tissue during periods of stress is unknown. We hypothesized that AMPK may play important roles in the regulation of oxidative stress in adipose tissue of ketotic cows. Specific objectives were to evaluate autophagy status and AMPK activity in adipose tissue of ketotic cows, and their link with oxidative stress in isolated bovine adipocytes. Selection of 15 healthy and 15 clinically ketotic Holstein cows at 17 (±4) d postpartum was performed after a thorough veterinary evaluation for clinical symptoms and also based on serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations before collection of subcutaneous adipose tissue samples. Primary cultures of bovine adipocytes isolated from the harvested adipose tissue were stimulated with varying concentrations of H2O2 (0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 μM) for 2 h. In another experiment, adipocytes were cultured with the AMPK activator A769662 or adenovirus-containing small interfering RNA (ad-AMPKα-siRNA) for 3 or 48 h, respectively, followed by H2O2 exposure (200 μM) for 2 h. Compared with healthy cows, clinical ketosis led to increased abundance of AMPK and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), but lower abundance of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in adipose tissue. Abundance of the key proautophagy proteins Beclin1, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7), ATG5, and ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II to LC3I were greater in adipose tissue of ketotic cows. In bovine adipocytes, treatment with H2O2 induced accumulation of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas H2O2 stimulation inhibited activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Addition of AMPK activator A769662 increased antioxidant response via activating NFE2L2 and its downstream targets heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) to improve H2O2-induced oxidative stress in adipocytes. Simultaneously, activation of AMPK increased abundance of Beclin1, SQSTM1, ATG7, ATG5, and ratio of LC3II to LC3I. In contrast, inhibition of AMPK downregulated abundance of NFE2L2, HMOX1, SOD1, CAT, Beclin1, SQSTM1, ATG7, ATG5, and ratio of LC3II to LC3I, and further aggravated H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Overall, these data indicate that activation of AMPK, as an adaptive mechanism for acute metabolic regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis, can induce antioxidant responses and autophagy, and further reduce oxidative stress in bovine adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China 163319
| | - Yunhui Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China 163319
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Xudong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China 163319
| | - Hongdou Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China 163319
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China 163319
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China 163319.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ultra-Small Iron Nanoparticles Target Mitochondria Inducing Autophagy, Acting on Mitochondrial DNA and Reducing Respiration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010090. [PMID: 33445442 PMCID: PMC7827814 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of metallic nanoparticles (materials with size at least in one dimension ranging from 1 to 100 nm) as a new therapeutic tool will improve the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The mitochondria could be a therapeutic target to treat pathologies whose origin lies in mitochondrial dysfunctions or whose progression is dependent on mitochondrial function. We aimed to study the subcellular distribution of 2-4 nm iron nanoparticles and its effect on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitochondrial function, and autophagy in colorectal cell lines (HT-29). Results showed that when cells were exposed to ultra-small iron nanoparticles, their subcellular fate was mainly mitochondria, affecting its respiratory and glycolytic parameters, inducing the migration of the cellular state towards quiescence, and promoting and triggering the autophagic process. These effects support the potential use of nanoparticles as therapeutic agents using mitochondria as a target for cancer and other treatments for mitochondria-dependent pathologies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Farjana M, Moni A, Sohag AAM, Hasan A, Hannan MA, Hossain MG, Uddin MJ. Repositioning Vitamin C as a Promising Option to Alleviate Complications associated with COVID-19. Infect Chemother 2020; 52:461-477. [PMID: 33263242 PMCID: PMC7779993 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.4.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid, is an essential vitamin with pleiotropic functions, ranging from antioxidant to anti-microbial functions. Evidence suggests that vitamin C acts against inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy chaos, and immune dysfunction. The ability to activate and enhance the immune system makes this versatile vitamin a prospective therapeutic agent amid the current situation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Being highly effective against the influenza virus, causing the common cold, vitamin C may also function against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its associated complications. Severe infections need higher doses of the vitamin to compensate for the augmented inflammatory response and metabolic demand that commonly occur during COVID-19. Compelling evidence also suggests that a high dose of vitamin C (1.5 g/kg body weight) in inflammatory conditions can result in effective clinical outcomes and thus can be employed to combat COVID-19. However, further studies are crucial to delineate the mechanism underlying the action of vitamin C against COVID-19. The current review aims to reposition vitamin C as an alternative approach for alleviating COVID-19-associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akhi Moni
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Adeba Hasan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.,Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Md Golzar Hossain
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang N, Li Z, Han D, Mi X, Tian M, Liu T, Li Y, He J, Kuang C, Cao Y, Li L, Ni C, Wang JQ, Guo X. Autophagy prevents hippocampal α-synuclein oligomerization and early cognitive dysfunction after anesthesia/surgery in aged rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7262-7281. [PMID: 32335546 PMCID: PMC7202547 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced α-synuclein aggregation, especially the most toxic species (oligomers), may precede synaptic and cognitive dysfunction. Under pathological conditions, α-synuclein is degraded primarily through the autophagic/lysosomal pathway. We assessed the involvement of autophagy in α-synuclein aggregation and cognitive impairment following general anesthesia and surgical stress. Autophagy was found to be suppressed in the aged rat hippocampus after either 4-h propofol anesthesia alone or 2-h propofol anesthesia during a laparotomy surgery. This inhibition of autophagy was accompanied by profound α-synuclein oligomer aggregation and neurotransmitter imbalances in the hippocampus, along with hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits. These events were not observed 18 weeks after propofol exposure with or without surgical stress. The pharmacological induction of autophagy using rapamycin markedly suppressed α-synuclein oligomerization, restored neurotransmitter equilibrium, and improved cognitive behavior after prolonged anesthesia or anesthesia combined with surgery. Thus, both prolonged propofol anesthesia alone and propofol anesthesia during surgery impaired autophagy, which may have induced abnormal hippocampal α-synuclein aggregation and neurobehavioral deficits in aged rats. These findings suggest that the activation of autophagy and the clearance of pathological α-synuclein oligomers may be novel strategies to ameliorate the common occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dengyang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs Editorial Office, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jindan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chongshen Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiyun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated with Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lunxu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Cheng Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - John Q Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas, MO 64110, USA
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akbari S, Akrami H, Mostafaei A, Kiani S. Bowman-Birk inhibitor modifies transcription of autophagy and apoptosis genes in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disorder. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11150-11157. [PMID: 30860639 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer, a current neurodegenerative disorder has adverse effects on memory and behavior. β-Amyloid peptide accumulations are the hallmarks of Alzheimer. Dysfunction of autophagy and apoptosis is detected in Alzheimer's disease. The effect of Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), purified from soybean, was investigated in autophagy and apoptosis in Alzheimer treatment. Treated-PC12 cells with 1000 nM HgCl2 induced amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation. Treatment of PC12 cells with 1000 nM HgCl 2 and then 500 μg/mL BBI could decrease the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl2 and increase the expression of beclin1, Bnip3, Atg5, and autophagy-related genes. These results indicated that BBI could inhibit Aβ accumulation by inducing autophagy, and also the neuroprotective effect was detected through decreasing apoptosis in the in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease. These results provided further evidence for the potential effectiveness of BBI in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Akbari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hassan Akrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Mostafaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sudabeh Kiani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Castañeda D, Gabani M, Choi SK, Nguyen QM, Chen C, Mapara A, Kassan A, Gonzalez AA, Ait-Aissa K, Kassan M. Targeting Autophagy in Obesity-Associated Heart Disease. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1050-1058. [PMID: 30938942 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the increasing rates of obesity have led to an alarming obesity epidemic worldwide. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases; thus, it is essential to define the molecular mechanisms by which obesity affects heart function. Individuals with obesity and overweight have shown changes in cardiac structure and function, leading to cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, and arrhythmia. Autophagy is a highly conserved recycling mechanism that delivers proteins and damaged organelles to lysosomes for degradation. In the hearts of patients and mouse models with obesity, this process is impaired. Furthermore, it has been shown that autophagy flux restoration in obesity models improves cardiac function. Therefore, autophagy may play an important role in mitigating the adverse effects of obesity on the heart. Throughout this review, we will discuss the benefits of autophagy on the heart in obesity and how regulating autophagy might be a therapeutic tool to reduce the risk of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Castañeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohanad Gabani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Quynh My Nguyen
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China, Shanghai
| | - Ayesha Mapara
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam Kassan
- School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Modar Kassan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pescatore LA, Gamarra LF, Liberman M. Multifaceted Mechanisms of Vascular Calcification in Aging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1307-1316. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.118.311576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of the world’s population will be around or above 65 years of age by the next decade. Out of these, 40% are suspected to have cardiovascular diseases as a cause of mortality. Arteriosclerosis, characterized by increased vascular calcification, impairing Windkessel effect and tissue perfusion, and determining end-organ damage, is a hallmark of vascular pathology in the elderly population. Risk factors accumulated during aging affect the normal physiological and vascular aging process, which contributes to the progression of arteriosclerosis. Traditional risk factors, age-associated diseases, and respective regulating mechanisms influencing vascular calcification and vascular stiffness have been extensively studied for many years. Despite the well-known fact that aging alone can induce vascular damage, specific mechanisms that implicate physiological aging in vascular calcification, contributing to vascular stiffness, are poorly understood. This review focuses on mechanisms activated during normal aging, for example, cellular senescence, autophagy, extracellular vesicles secretion, and oxidative stress, along with the convergence of premature aging models’ pathophysiology, such as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria (prelamin accumulation) and Klotho deficiency, to understand vascular calcification in aging. Understanding the mechanisms of vascular damage in aging that intersect with age-associated diseases and risk factors is crucial to foster innovative therapeutic targets to mitigate cardiovascular disease.
Visual Overview—
An online visual overview is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A. Pescatore
- From the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (L.A.P., L.F.G., M.L.)
- Laboratório de Biologia Vascular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil (L.A.P.)
| | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- From the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (L.A.P., L.F.G., M.L.)
| | - Marcel Liberman
- From the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (L.A.P., L.F.G., M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pescatore LA, Gamarra LF, Liberman M. Multifaceted Mechanisms of Vascular Calcification in Aging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1307-1316. [PMID: 31144990 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of the world's population will be around or above 65 years of age by the next decade. Out of these, 40% are suspected to have cardiovascular diseases as a cause of mortality. Arteriosclerosis, characterized by increased vascular calcification, impairing Windkessel effect and tissue perfusion, and determining end-organ damage, is a hallmark of vascular pathology in the elderly population. Risk factors accumulated during aging affect the normal physiological and vascular aging process, which contributes to the progression of arteriosclerosis. Traditional risk factors, age-associated diseases, and respective regulating mechanisms influencing vascular calcification and vascular stiffness have been extensively studied for many years. Despite the well-known fact that aging alone can induce vascular damage, specific mechanisms that implicate physiological aging in vascular calcification, contributing to vascular stiffness, are poorly understood. This review focuses on mechanisms activated during normal aging, for example, cellular senescence, autophagy, extracellular vesicles secretion, and oxidative stress, along with the convergence of premature aging models' pathophysiology, such as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria (prelamin accumulation) and Klotho deficiency, to understand vascular calcification in aging. Understanding the mechanisms of vascular damage in aging that intersect with age-associated diseases and risk factors is crucial to foster innovative therapeutic targets to mitigate cardiovascular disease. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Pescatore
- From the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (L.A.P., L.F.G., M.L.).,Laboratório de Biologia Vascular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil (L.A.P.)
| | - Lionel F Gamarra
- From the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (L.A.P., L.F.G., M.L.)
| | - Marcel Liberman
- From the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (L.A.P., L.F.G., M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Autophagy-associated signal pathways of functional foods for chronic diseases. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
17
|
Wang S, Cao X, Duan Y, Zhang G. Delta Opioid Peptide [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] Enkephalin (DADLE) Exerts a Cytoprotective Effect in Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation by Inducing Autophagy. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:775-782. [PMID: 30666890 PMCID: PMC6686437 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719825619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes protection and functional regulation are important strategies to protect against neuronal damage caused by ischemia. Activation of the delta opioid receptor (DOR) could reduce astrocytes damage, although the mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to test the effect of DOR activation on autophagy in astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and to further investigate whether this effect has a protective effect on astrocytes. Primary cultured rat cortical astrocytes were treated with various doses of [d-Ala2, d-Leu5]-Enkephalin (DADLE, a selective DOR agonist) followed by 6 h OGD. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase release. Autophagic vacuole was analyzed with LC3 immunofluorescent staining. The levels of autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by western blot. Results demonstrated that treatment with 10 nM DADLE was sufficient to increase cell viability and induced autophagy in astrocytes. The DADLE-induced autophagy displayed a cytoprotective effect on astrocytes. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) reversed the protective effect of DADLE. Naltrindole (a DOR antagonist) only partially antagonized the role of DADLE, which indicated that DADLE might have a cytoprotective mechanism independent of DOR. Further results showed that DADLE significantly enhanced the level of Bcl-2 protein and reduced the level of Bax protein in astrocytes exposed to OGD. Our results suggest a novel mechanism in which DADLE induces autophagy in astrocytes and exerts cytoprotective effects by inhibiting apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yale Duan
- 2 Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pokusa M, Kráľová Trančíková A. FLIM analysis of intracellular markers associated with the development of Parkinson's disease in cellular model. Physiol Res 2019; 67:S673-S683. [PMID: 30607974 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. Major features of cell pathology of the disease include the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies, which are composed of aggregated proteins. The presence of Lewy's body is associated with more advanced stages of the disease when considering irreversible changes. Precise identification of the disease stage at a cellular level presents the critical tool in developing early diagnostics and/or prevention of PD. The aim of our work is to introduce sensitive microscopic analysis in living cells, focused on initial intracellular changes and thus capable to detect earlier stages of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pokusa
- Biomedical center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yan R, Niu CY, Tian Y. Roles of Autophagy and Protein Kinase C-epsilon in Lipid Metabolism of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Cell Models. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:381-390. [PMID: 30573200 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate interaction between autophagy and PKC-ε in lipid metabolism of NAFLD cell models. METHODS HL-7702 cells and SK-HEP-1 cells were cultured in vitro as NAFLD cell models and treated with RAPA to induce autophagy. 3-MA was used to inhibit cell autophagy. And HL-7702 and SK-HEP-1 cell were ordinary cultured as control groups. Cell viability was determined by MTT colorimetric assay. The levels of TG, TC and PKC-ε were detected by ELISA. PKC-ε was detected by IF. LC3-II/LC3-I, P62, IRS-1, IRS-2, PI3Kp85, mTOR were detected by Western-blot. SPSS 20 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The values of PKC-ε were the highest in the steatosis groups (HL-7702 cells were 91.10%, SK-HEP-1 cells were 98.20%). Compared with the steatosis groups, the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in the induced autophagy groups increased obviously (p <0.05). P62/β-actin grayscale ratio of the induced autophagy groups decreased significantly compared with the steatosis group (p <0.05). MTOR/β-actin grayscale ratio in the induced autophagy groups were significantly lower than those in the steatosis groups (p <0.05). PI3Kp85, IRS-1 and IRS-2/β-actin grayscale ratio of the induced autophagy groups increased significantly compared with the steatosis group (p <0.05). CONCLUSION Up-regulation of autophagy can promote the elimination of liver fat; while down-regulation can promote lipid accumulation. The expression of PKC-ε is positively related to the degree of hepatic steatosis. PI3K was involved in both autophagy and IR induced by PKC-ε. PKC-ε might participate in hepatocyte autophagy by regulating PI3K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Chun-Yan Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Helm A, Ebner DK, Tinganelli W, Simoniello P, Bisio A, Marchesano V, Durante M, Yamada S, Shimokawa T. Combining Heavy-Ion Therapy with Immunotherapy: An Update on Recent Developments. Int J Part Ther 2018; 5:84-93. [PMID: 31773022 PMCID: PMC6871592 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-18-00024.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials and case reports of cancer therapies combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy have at times demonstrated total reduction or elimination of metastatic disease. While virtually all trials focus on the use of immunotherapy combined with conventional photon irradiation, the dose-distributive benefits of particles, in particular the distinct biological effects of heavy ions, have unknown potential vis-a-vis systemic disease response. Here, we review recent developments and evidence with a focus on the potential for heavy-ion combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Helm
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniel K. Ebner
- Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchesano
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dihydroceramide Desaturase 1 Inhibitors Reduce Amyloid-β Levels in Primary Neurons from an Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Model. Pharm Res 2018; 35:49. [PMID: 29411122 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The induction of autophagy has recently been explored as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat Alzheimer's disease. Among many other factors, there is evidence that ceramides/dihydroceramides act as mediators of autophagy, although the exact mechanisms underlying such effects are poorly understood. Here, we describe how two dihydroceramide desaturase inhibitors (XM461 and XM462) trigger autophagy and reduce amyloid secretion by neurons. METHODS Neurons isolated from wild-type and APP/PS1 transgenic mice were exposed to the two dihydroceramide desaturase inhibitors to assess their effect on these cell's protein and lipid profiles. RESULTS Both dihydroceramide desaturase inhibitors increased the autophagic vesicles in wild-type neurons, reflected as an increase in LC3-II, and this was correlated with the accumulation of dihydroceramides and dihydrosphingomyelins. Exposing APP/PS1 transgenic neurons to these inhibitors also produced a 50% reduction in amyloid secretion and/or production. The lipidomic defects triggered by these dihydroceramide desaturase inhibitors were correlated with a loss of S6K activity, witnessed by the changes in S6 phosphorylation, which strongly suggested a reduction of mTORC1 activity. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained strongly suggest that dihydroceramide desaturase 1 activity may modulate autophagy and mTORC1 activity in neurons, inhibiting amyloid secretion and S6K activity. As such, it is tantalizing to propose that dihydroceramide desaturase 1 may be an important therapeutic target to combat amyloidosis.
Collapse
|
22
|
The potentially conflicting cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous functions of autophagy in mediating tumor response to cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:46-50. [PMID: 29408462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a virtually uniform response to external stress such as that induced by chemotherapy and radiation, is generally considered to be cytoprotective in function, providing a foundation for multiple clinical trials designed to enhance therapeutic response via autophagy inhibition. However, this cell autonomous response can also be cytotoxic or nonprotective, with the consequence that autophagy inhibition would be counterproductive or ineffective, respectively. The non-cell autonomous function of autophagy remains quite controversial, with evidence both for and against autophagy-mediated activation of the immune system. If autophagy inhibition antagonizes the immune response, this would likely interfere with the potential sensitization resulting from suppression of the cell autonomous protective function. An additional complication, which has rarely been considered, is the nature of the contribution of therapy-induced autophagy in the tumor microenvironment, particularly the tumor stroma. Taken together, it is likely that the outcome of the current clinical trials, whether positive or negative, will be difficult to interpret given the complexity of the role of autophagy relating to the tumor cell (cell autonomous), the immune system (cell non-autonomous) and the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
|
23
|
BAY 11-7085 induces glucocorticoid receptor activation and autophagy that collaborate with apoptosis to induce human synovial fibroblast cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23370-82. [PMID: 26993765 PMCID: PMC5029633 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of proapoptotic pathways in synovial fibroblasts is one of the major causes of synovial proliferation and hyperplasia in rheumatic diseases. We have shown previously that NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7085, through inactivation of PPAR-γ, induces apoptosis in human synovial fibroblasts. In this work we showed that BAY 11-7085 induced autophagy that preceded BAY 11-7085-induced apoptosis. Of interest, BAY 11-7085 induced Serine 211 phosphorylation and degradation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Glucocorticoid prednisolone induced both activation and degradation of GR, as well as autophagy in synovial fibroblasts. BAY 11-7085-induced cell death was significantly decreased with glucocorticoid inhibitor mifepristone and with inhibitors of autophagy. Both BAY 11-7085-induced autophagy and GR activation were down regulated with PPAR-γ agonist, 15d-PGJ2 and MEK/ERK inhibitor UO126. Inhibition of autophagy markedly decreased endogenous and BAY 11-7085-induced ERK phosphorylation, suggesting a positive feed back loop between ERK activation and autophagy in synovial fibroblasts. Co-transfection of MEK1 with PPAR-γ1 in HEK293 cells caused known inhibitory phosphorylation of PPAR-γ1 (Serine 112) and enhanced GR degradation, in the absence or presence of prednisolone. Furthermore, GR was both phosphorylated on Serine 211 and down regulated in synovial fibroblasts during serum starvation induced autophagy. These results showed that GR activation and PPAR-γ inactivation mediated BAY 11-7085-induced autophagy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang N, Li L, Li Z, Ni C, Cao Y, Liu T, Tian M, Chui D, Guo X. Protective effect of dapsone on cognitive impairment induced by propofol involves hippocampal autophagy. Neurosci Lett 2017; 649:85-92. [PMID: 28411068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a commonly seen postoperative complication in elderly patients and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Autophagy, a degradation mechanism of cellular components, is required for cell survival and many physiological processes. Although propofol is one of the most commonly used intravenous anesthetics, investigations into its mechanisms and effects on cognition in aged rodents are relatively scarce. In this study, we evaluate the influence of propofol on learning and memory, and identify the potential role of hippocampal autophagy in propofol-induced cognitive alterations in aged rats. The results demonstrate that 4h propofol exposure significantly impaired cognitive performance through the inhibition of hippocampal autophagy. Diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dapsone, DDS), which was used as an anti-leprosy drug, has been found to have neuroprotective effects. We have previously demonstrated that DDS can improve surgical stress induced depression- and anxiety-like behavior. We therefore aimed to investigate the effects of DDS on propofol-induced cognitive dysfunction and associated hippocampal autophagy responses. Pretreatment with 5mg/kg or 10mg/kg body weight DDS significantly improved the behavioral disorder and upregulated the inhibited autophagic response in aged rats. Our exploration is the first to establish an in vivo link between central autophagy and cognitive dysfunction in aged hippocampus after propofol anesthesia and demonstrate that the prophylactic effect of DDS on the cognitive impairment induced by propofol involves autophagy. These findings may imply a potential novel target for the treatment in patients with propofol anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lunxu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiyun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Dehua Chui
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pestana CR, Urbaczek AC, Alberici JV, Rodrigues GJ, Carrilho E. Metabolic profiling of human endothelial cells during autophagy assessed in a biomimetic microfluidic device model. Life Sci 2017; 172:42-47. [PMID: 28011226 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Autophagy is critical to endothelial function. We explored the effects of autophagy induced by serum deprivation on Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) metabolome profile and its inhibition by the antimalarial drug chloroquine (CLQ) using a microfluidic biomimetic model. MAIN METHODS The metabolites secreted by HUVEC into the circulating microfluidics were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and further analyzed using Metaboanalyst 3.0 multivariate and pathway analysis tools. KEY FINDINGS Principal component analysis showed the discrimination of metabolites between treated and control groups. The results also identified alterations in metabolites relevant to endothelial function such as arginine, glutamate and energy metabolism pathways. Interestingly, CLQ mostly reversed the changes induced by serum deprivation. SIGNIFICANCE The knowledge of endothelial metabolic profile during autophagy may contribute to the identification of clinical biomarkers and potential therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Rangel Pestana
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Urbaczek
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cascella M, Bimonte S. The role of general anesthetics and the mechanisms of hippocampal and extra-hippocampal dysfunctions in the genesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1780-1785. [PMID: 29239315 PMCID: PMC5745823 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.219032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a multifactorial process with a huge number of predisposing, causal, and precipitating factors. In this scenario, the neuroinflammation and the microglial activation play a pivotal role by triggering and amplifying a complex cascade involving the immuno-hormonal activation, the micro circle alterations, the hippocampal oxidative stress activation and, finally, an increased blood-brain barrier's permeability. While the role of anesthetics in the POCD's genesis in humans is debated, a huge number of preclinical studies have been conducted on the topic and many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the potential neurodegenerative effects of general anesthetics. Probably, the problem concerns on what we are searching for and how we are searching and, surprisingly, preclinical studies showed that anesthetics may also manifest neuroprotective properties. The aim of this paper is to offer an overview on the potential impact of general anesthetics on POCD. Mechanisms of hippocampal and extra-hippocampal dysfunction due to neuroinflammation are discussed, whereas further research perspectives are also given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cascella
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
CEDIKOVA M, PITULE P, KRIPNEROVA M, MARKOVA M, KUNCOVA J. Multiple Roles of Mitochondria in Aging Processes. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S519-S531. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic factors, nutrition, and lifestyle. According to mitochondrial theory of aging, mitochondrial dysfunction is widely considered a major contributor to age-related processes. Mitochondria are both the main source and targets of detrimental reactions initiated in association with age-dependent deterioration of the cellular functions. Reactions leading to increased reactive oxygen species generation, mtDNA mutations, and oxidation of mitochondrial proteins result in subsequent induction of apoptotic events, impaired oxidative phosphorylation capacity, mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and autophagy. This review summarizes the major changes of mitochondria related to aging, with emphasis on mitochondrial DNA mutations, the role of the reactive oxygen species, and structural and functional changes of mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. KUNCOVA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Casasampere M, Ordóñez YF, Casas J, Fabrias G. Dihydroceramide desaturase inhibitors induce autophagy via dihydroceramide-dependent and independent mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:264-275. [PMID: 27894925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy consists on the delivery of cytoplasmic material and organelles to lysosomes for degradation. Research on autophagy is a growing field because deciphering the basic mechanisms of autophagy is key to understanding its role in health and disease, and to paving the way to discovering novel therapeutic strategies. Studies with chemotherapeutic drugs and pharmacological tools support a role for dihydroceramides as mediators of autophagy. However, their effect on the autophagy outcome (cell survival or death) is more controversial. METHODS We have examined the capacity of structurally varied Des1 inhibitors to stimulate autophagy (LC3-II analysis), to increase dihydroceramides (mass spectrometry) and to reduce cell viability (SRB) in T98G and U87MG glioblastoma cells under different experimental conditions. RESULTS The compounds activity on autophagy induction took place concomitantly with accumulation of dihydroceramides, which occurred by both stimulation of ceramide synthesis de novo and reduction of Des1 activity. However, autophagy was also induced by the test compounds after preincubation with myriocin and in cells with a reduced capacity to produce dihydroceramides (U87DND). Autophagy inhibition with 3-methyladenine in the de novo dihydroceramide synthesis competent U87MG cells increased cytotoxicity, while genetic inhibition of autophagy in U87DND cells, poorly efficient at synthesizing dihydroceramides, augmented resistance to the test compounds. CONCLUSION Dihydroceramide desaturase 1 inhibitors activate autophagy via both dihydroceramide-dependent and independent pathways and the balance between the two pathways influences the final cell fate. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The cells capacity to biosynthesize dihydroceramides must be taken into account in proautophagic Des1 inhibitors-including therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casasampere
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yadira F Ordóñez
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain..
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Regulation of Autophagy-Related Protein and Cell Differentiation by High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein in Adipocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1936386. [PMID: 27843198 PMCID: PMC5098089 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1936386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a molecule related to the development of inflammation. Autophagy is vital to maintain cellular homeostasis and protect against inflammation of adipocyte injury. Our recent work focused on the relationship of HMGB1 and autophagy in 3T3-L1 cells. In vivo experimental results showed that, compared with the normal-diet group, the high-fat diet mice displayed an increase in adipocyte size in the epididymal adipose tissues. The expression levels of HMGB1 and LC3II also increased in epididymal adipose tissues in high-fat diet group compared to the normal-diet mice. The in vitro results indicated that HMGB1 protein treatment increased LC3II formation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in contrast to that in the control group. Furthermore, LC3II formation was inhibited through HMGB1 knockdown by siRNA. Treatment with the HMGB1 protein enhanced LC3II expression after 2 and 4 days but decreased the expression after 8 and 10 days among various differentiation stages of adipocytes. By contrast, FABP4 expression decreased on the fourth day and increased on the eighth day. Hence, the HMGB1 protein modulated autophagy-related proteins and lipid-metabolism-related genes in adipocytes and could be a new target for treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
|
30
|
Petibone DM, Majeed W, Casciano DA. Autophagy function and its relationship to pathology, clinical applications, drug metabolism and toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:23-37. [PMID: 27682190 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that facilitates nutrient turnover and removal of expended macromolecules and organelles to maintain homeostasis. The recycling of cytosolic macromolecules and damaged organelles by autophagosomes occurs through the lysosomal degradation pathway. Autophagy can also be upregulated as a prosurvival pathway in response to stress stimuli such as starvation, hypoxia or cell damage. Over the last two decades, there has been a surge in research revealing the basic molecular mechanisms of autophagy in mammalian cells. A corollary of an advanced understanding of autophagy has been a concurrent expansion of research into understanding autophagic function and dysfunction in pathology. Recent studies have revealed a pivotal role for autophagy in drug toxicity, and for utilizing autophagic components as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in treating disease and cancer. In this review, advances in understanding the molecular basis of mammalian autophagy, methods used to induce and evaluate autophagy, and the diverse interactions between autophagy and drug toxicity, disease progression and carcinogenesis are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayton M Petibone
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Waqar Majeed
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Daniel A Casciano
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nakayama Y, Inoue T. Antiproliferative Fate of the Tetraploid Formed after Mitotic Slippage and Its Promotion; A Novel Target for Cancer Therapy Based on Microtubule Poisons. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050663. [PMID: 27213315 PMCID: PMC6274067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule poisons inhibit spindle function, leading to activation of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and mitotic arrest. Cell death occurring in prolonged mitosis is the first target of microtubule poisons in cancer therapies. However, even in the presence of microtubule poisons, SAC and mitotic arrest are not permanent, and the surviving cells exit the mitosis without cytokinesis (mitotic slippage), becoming tetraploid. Another target of microtubule poisons-based cancer therapy is antiproliferative fate after mitotic slippage. The ultimate goal of both the microtubule poisons-based cancer therapies involves the induction of a mechanism defined as mitotic catastrophe, which is a bona fide intrinsic oncosuppressive mechanism that senses mitotic failure and responds by driving a cell to an irreversible antiproliferative fate of death or senescence. This mechanism of antiproliferative fate after mitotic slippage is not as well understood. We provide an overview of mitotic catastrophe, and explain new insights underscoring a causal association between basal autophagy levels and antiproliferative fate after mitotic slippage, and propose possible improved strategies. Additionally, we discuss nuclear alterations characterizing the mitotic catastrophe (micronuclei, multinuclei) after mitotic slippage, and a possible new type of nuclear alteration (clustered micronuclei).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakayama
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Inoue
- Division of Human Genome Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang X, Zhou Y, Xu M, Chen G. Autophagy Is Involved in the Sevoflurane Anesthesia-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction of Aged Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153505. [PMID: 27111854 PMCID: PMC4844142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is associated with regulation of both the survival and death of neurons, and has been linked to many neurodegenerative diseases. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is commonly observed in elderly patients following anesthesia, but the pathophysiological mechanisms are largely unexplored. Similar effects have been found in aged rats under sevoflurane anesthesia; however, the role of autophagy in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced hippocampal neuron apoptosis of older rats remains elusive. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of autophagy on the sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats, and to identify the role of autophagy in sevoflurane-induced neuron apoptosis. We used 20-month-old rats under sevoflurane anesthesia to study memory performance, neuron apoptosis, and autophagy. The results demonstrated that sevoflurane anesthesia significantly impaired memory performance and induced hippocampal neuron apoptosis. Interestingly, treatment of rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, improved the cognitive deficit observed in the aged rats under sevoflurane anesthesia by improving autophagic flux. Rapamycin treatment led to the rapid accumulation of autophagic bodies and autophagy lysosomes, decreased p62 protein levels, and increased the ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 II (LC3-II) to LC3-I in hippocampal neurons through the mTOR signaling pathway. However, administration of an autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) attenuated the autophagic flux and increased the severity of sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuronal apoptosis and memory impairment. These findings suggest that impaired autophagy in the hippocampal neurons of aged rats after sevoflurane anesthesia may contribute to cognitive impairment. Therefore, our findings represent a potential novel target for pro-autophagy treatments in patients with sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hanzhou, China
| | - Youfa Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hanzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sangani R, Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Pathania R, Ahmad S, Kutiyanawalla A, Kolhe R, Bhattacharyya MH, Chutkan N, Hunter M, Hill WD, Hamrick M, Isales C, Fulzele S. The crucial role of vitamin C and its transporter (SVCT2) in bone marrow stromal cell autophagy and apoptosis. Stem Cell Res 2015. [PMID: 26210298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that plays a vital role in various biological processes including bone formation. Previously, we reported that vitamin C is transported into bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) through the sodium dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2 (SVCT2) and this transporter plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, this transporter is regulated by oxidative stress. To date, however, the exact role of vitamin C and its transporter (SVCT2) in ROS regulated autophagy and apoptosis in BMSCs is poorly understood. In the present study, we observed that oxidative stress decreased survival of BMSCs in a dose-dependent manner and induced growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. These effects were accompanied by the induction of autophagy, confirmed by P62 and LC3B protein level and punctate GFP-LC3B distribution. The supplementation of vitamin C significantly rescued the BMSCs from oxidative stress by regulating autophagy. Knockdown of the SVCT2 transporter in BMSCs synergistically decreased cell survival even under low oxidative stress conditions. Also, supplementing vitamin C failed to rescue cells from stress. Our results reveal that the SVCT2 transporter plays a vital role in the mechanism of BMSC survival under stress conditions. Altogether, this study has given new insight into the role of the SVCT2 transporter in oxidative stress related autophagy and apoptosis in BMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajnikumar Sangani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Rajneesh Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Saif Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Maryka H Bhattacharyya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Institute of Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Norman Chutkan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Monte Hunter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Institute of Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mark Hamrick
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Institute of Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Carlos Isales
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Institute of Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Institute of Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the role of autophagic flux in maintaining normal vessel wall biology and a growing suspicion that autophagic dysregulation may be a common pathway through which vascular aging and associated pathologies develop. Within endothelial and smooth muscle cells, diverse but important triggers that range from oxidized lipids to β-amyloid seem to stimulate autophagosome formation potently. In addition, emerging evidence links autophagy to a wide array of vascular processes ranging from angiogenesis to calcification of the vessel wall. Alterations in autophagic flux are also increasingly being implicated in disease processes that include both atherosclerosis and pulmonary hypertension. Finally, recent insights point toward an important role of autophagy in the paracrine regulation of vasoactive substances from the endothelium. Here, we review the progress in understanding how autophagy can contribute to vascular biology and the emerging strategies to target this process for therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Nussenzweig
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.C.N, T.F.); and Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.V.)
| | - Subodh Verma
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.C.N, T.F.); and Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.V.)
| | - Toren Finkel
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.C.N, T.F.); and Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.V.).
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Holly AC, Grellscheid S, van de Walle P, Dolan D, Pilling LC, Daniels DJ, von Zglinicki T, Ferrucci L, Melzer D, Harries LW. Comparison of senescence-associated miRNAs in primary skin and lung fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2015; 16:423-34. [PMID: 25700689 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs with roles in many cellular processes. Tissue-specific miRNA profiles associated with senescence have been described for several cell and tissue types. We aimed to characterise miRNAs involved in core, rather than tissue-specific, senescence pathways by assessment of common miRNA expression differences in two different cell types, with follow-up of predicted targets in human peripheral blood. MicroRNAs were profiled in early and late passage primary lung and skin fibroblasts to identify commonly-deregulated miRNAs. Expression changes of their bioinformatically-predicted mRNA targets were then assessed in both cell types and in human peripheral blood from elderly participants in the InCHIANTI study. 57/178 and 26/492 microRNAs were altered in late passage skin and lung cells respectively. Three miRNAs (miR-92a, miR-15b and miR-125a-3p) were altered in both tissues. 14 mRNA targets of the common miRNAs were expressed in lung and skin fibroblasts, of which two demonstrated up-regulation in late passage skin and lung cells (LYST; p = 0.02 [skin] and 0.02 [lung] INMT; p = 0.03 [skin] and 0.04 [lung]). ZMPSTE24 and LHFPL2 demonstrated altered expression in late passage skin cells only (p = 0.01 and 0.05 respectively). LHFPL2 was also positively correlated with age in peripheral blood (p value = 6.6 × 10(-5)). We find that the majority of senescence-associated miRNAs demonstrate tissue-specific effects. However, miRNAs showing common effects across tissue types may represent those associated with core, rather than tissue-specific senescence processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Holly
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 2LU, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Numan MS, Brown JP, Michou L. Impact of air pollutants on oxidative stress in common autophagy-mediated aging diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:2289-305. [PMID: 25690002 PMCID: PMC4344726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120202289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution-induced cellular oxidative stress is probably one of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in most of the common autophagy-mediated aging diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's, disease, as well as Paget's disease of bone with or without frontotemporal dementia and inclusion body myopathy. Oxidative stress has serious damaging effects on the cellular contents: DNA, RNA, cellular proteins, and cellular organelles. Autophagy has a pivotal role in recycling these damaged non-functional organelles and misfolded or unfolded proteins. In this paper, we highlight, through a narrative review of the literature, that when autophagy processes are impaired during aging, in presence of cumulative air pollution-induced cellular oxidative stress and due to a direct effect on air pollutant, autophagy-mediated aging diseases may occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Saber Numan
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Jacques P Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Laëtitia Michou
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fatty acid signaling: the new function of intracellular lipases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3831-55. [PMID: 25674855 PMCID: PMC4346929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, intracellular triacylglycerols (TAG) stored in the form of cytoplasmic lipid droplets have been considered to be only passive “energy conserves”. Nevertheless, degradation of TAG gives rise to a pleiotropic spectrum of bioactive intermediates, which may function as potent co-factors of transcription factors or enzymes and contribute to the regulation of numerous cellular processes. From this point of view, the process of lipolysis not only provides energy-rich equivalents but also acquires a new regulatory function. In this review, we will concentrate on the role that fatty acids liberated from intracellular TAG stores play as signaling molecules. The first part provides an overview of the transcription factors, which are regulated by fatty acids derived from intracellular stores. The second part is devoted to the role of fatty acid signaling in different organs/tissues. The specific contribution of free fatty acids released by particular lipases, hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triacylglycerol lipase and lysosomal lipase will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang C, Zhang F. The Multifunctions of WD40 Proteins in Genome Integrity and Cell Cycle Progression. J Genomics 2015; 3:40-50. [PMID: 25653723 PMCID: PMC4316180 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.11015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic genome encodes numerous WD40 repeat proteins, which generally function as platforms of protein-protein interactions and are involved in numerous biological process, such as signal transduction, gene transcriptional regulation, protein modifications, cytoskeleton assembly, vesicular trafficking, DNA damage and repair, cell death and cell cycle progression. Among these diverse functions, genome integrity maintenance and cell cycle progression are extremely important as deregulation of them is clinically linked to uncontrolled proliferative diseases such as cancer. Thus, we mainly summarize and discuss the recent understanding of WD40 proteins and their molecular mechanisms linked to genome stability and cell cycle progression in this review, thereby demonstrating their pervasiveness and importance in cellular networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiguo Zhang
- 1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- 2. Orthopedics Department, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gewirtz DA. The autophagic response to radiation: relevance for radiation sensitization in cancer therapy. Radiat Res 2014; 182:363-7. [PMID: 25184372 DOI: 10.1667/rr13774.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation almost uniformly promotes autophagy in tumor cells. While radiation-induced autophagy often serves as a protective function in cell culture studies, it is currently uncertain to what extent autophagy might be induced by radiation in human malignancies; it is furthermore unknown whether autophagy induced by radiation can or should be suppressed for therapeutic benefit. Current clinical trials combining chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation therapy with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as autophagy inhibitors may be premature without the benefit of stratification to identify patients whose malignancies might be susceptible to autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy. In addition, there are also concerns as to whether chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, the agents currently in use, have the capacity to suppress autophagy when administered systemically at tolerable doses. Finally, any agent that actually has the appropriate pharmacokinetic profile to function as a systemic autophagy inhibitor may collaterally disrupt the homeostatic function of autophagy in normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|