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Camargo LL, Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species in hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01062-6. [PMID: 39048744 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for stroke, heart disease and chronic kidney disease. Multiple interacting factors and organ systems increase blood pressure and cause target-organ damage. Among the many molecular elements involved in the development of hypertension are reactive oxygen species (ROS), which influence cellular processes in systems that contribute to blood pressure elevation (such as the cardiovascular, renal, immune and central nervous systems, or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system). Dysregulated ROS production (oxidative stress) is a hallmark of hypertension in humans and experimental models. Of the many ROS-generating enzymes, NADPH oxidases are the most important in the development of hypertension. At the cellular level, ROS influence signalling pathways that define cell fate and function. Oxidative stress promotes aberrant redox signalling and cell injury, causing endothelial dysfunction, vascular damage, cardiovascular remodelling, inflammation and renal injury, which are all important in both the causes and consequences of hypertension. ROS scavengers reduce blood pressure in almost all experimental models of hypertension; however, clinical trials of antioxidants have yielded mixed results. In this Review, we highlight the latest advances in the understanding of the role and the clinical implications of ROS in hypertension. We focus on cellular sources of ROS, molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and alterations in redox signalling in organ systems, and their contributions to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Chen B, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang L. Peptidomics-based study of antihypertensive activity: discovery of novel ACE inhibiting peptides from peanut yogurt. Food Funct 2024; 15:6705-6716. [PMID: 38832529 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Studies have confirmed that yogurt has the activity of regulating blood pressure because it is rich in probiotic-fermented food-derived active peptides. There are also studies on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) peptide milk, but the bioactive molecules in it are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we developed a peanut yogurt with ACEI activity, analyzed 1877 differential peptides and their antihypertensive pathways before and after fermentation using peptidomics, and identified three peptides (FLPYPY, QPPPSPPPFL and APFPEVFGK) with potential antihypertensive activity using molecular docking and chemical synthesis techniques. These results first elucidated the relationship between peanut yogurt peptides and antihypertensive function, demonstrated the benefits of peanut yogurt, and provided a theoretical basis for the application of probiotic fermented plant yogurt in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyan Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiuyan Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Jiang S, Han S, Wang DW. The involvement of soluble epoxide hydrolase in the development of cardiovascular diseases through epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1358256. [PMID: 38628644 PMCID: PMC11019020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1358256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) has three main metabolic pathways: the cycloxygenases (COXs) pathway, the lipoxygenases (LOXs) pathway, and the cytochrome P450s (CYPs) pathway. AA produces epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) through the CYPs pathway. EETs are very unstable in vivo and can be degraded in seconds to minutes. EETs have multiple degradation pathways, but are mainly degraded in the presence of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). sEH is an enzyme of bifunctional nature, and current research focuses on the activity of its C-terminal epoxide hydrolase (sEH-H), which hydrolyzes the EETs to the corresponding inactive or low activity diol. Previous studies have reported that EETs have cardiovascular protective effects, and the activity of sEH-H plays a role by degrading EETs and inhibiting their protective effects. The activity of sEH-H plays a different role in different cells, such as inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration, but promoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, it is of interest whether the activity of sEH-H is involved in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases by affecting the function of different cells through EETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Zhang J, Zhang WH, Morisseau C, Zhang M, Dong HJ, Zhu QM, Huo XK, Sun CP, Hammock BD, Ma XC. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuated particulate matter 2.5 exposure mediated lung injury. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131890. [PMID: 37406527 PMCID: PMC10699546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution represented by particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is closely related to diseases of the respiratory system. Although the understanding of its mechanism is limited, pulmonary inflammation is closely correlated with PM2.5-mediated lung injury. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and epoxy fatty acids play a vital role in the inflammation. Herein, we attempted to use the metabolomics of oxidized lipids for analyzing the relationship of oxylipins with lung injury in a PM2.5-mediated mouse model, and found that the cytochrome P450 oxidases/sEH mediated metabolic pathway was involved in lung injury. Furthermore, the sEH overexpression was revealed in lung injury mice. Interestingly, sEH genetic deletion or the selective sEH inhibitor TPPU increased levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in lung injury mice, and inactivated pulmonary macrophages based on the MAPK/NF-κB pathway, resulting in protection against PM2.5-mediated lung injury. Additionally, a natural sEH inhibitor luteolin from Inula japonica displayed a pulmonary protective effect towards lung injury mediated by PM2.5 as well. Our results are consistent with the sEH message and protein being both a marker and mechanism for PM2.5-induced inflammation, which suggest its potential as a pharmaceutical target for treating diseases of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Dong
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Meng Zhu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.
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Association of CYP2C19 Polymorphic Markers with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Gas Industry Workers Undergoing Periodic Medical Examinations. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:151-165. [PMID: 36840850 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes have a wide range of endogenous substrates and play a crucial role in cardiovascular physiology as well as in metabolic processes, so the issue of cytochrome P450 genes investigation has received considerable critical attention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). AIM Comprehensive assessment of relationship between CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 polymorphisms and CVD risk factors in gas industry workers undergoing periodic medical examination (PME). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 193 gas industry workers aged 30-55 years without acute diseases as well as exacerbations of chronic diseases, diabetes mellitus, and CVD history. CYP2C19 (rs4244285 and rs4986893) genotyping and analysis of the relationship between CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 and CVD risk factors were performed. RESULTS The CYP2C19*2 (A) and CYP2C19*3 (A) loss-of-function alleles frequencies were 20% and 2%, respectively. The frequency of high-normal blood pressure (BP) (130-139 and/or 85-89 mm Hg) detection was higher in the CYP2C19*2 (A) subgroup compared with wild-type GG allele carriers (26.7% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.03) in individuals without arterial hypertension (AH) and BP ≥ 140 and/or 90 mm Hg on PME. The median systolic BP levels were 5 mm Hg higher in CYP2C19*2 (A) group than in CYP2C19*2 (GG) group (125 vs. 120 mm Hg, p = 0.01). There was a similar trend for diastolic BP (85 vs. 80 mmHg, p = 0.08). CYP2C19*2 (A) was associated with higher mean levels of both systolic and diastolic BP (p = 0.015 and p = 0.044, respectively) in patients with AH. CYP2C19*2 was not associated with the other CVD risk factors analyzed. CONCLUSION The association of CYP2C19*2 with BP level suggests a possible role of this factor in AH development, which requires further research.
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Peng L, Song Z, Zhao C, Abuduwufuer K, Wang Y, Wen Z, Ni L, Li C, Yu Y, Zhu Y, Jiang H, Shen J, Jiang X, Chen C, Zhang X, Wang DW. Increased Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Activity Positively Correlates with Mortality in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Evidence from Metabolomics. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:34-49. [PMID: 36939801 PMCID: PMC9883375 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have pleiotropic endogenous cardiovascular protective effects and can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has shown an increased prevalence and worse prognosis over the decades. However, the role of sEH activity in HFpEF remains unclear. We enrolled 500 patients with HFpEF and 500 healthy controls between February 2010 and March 2016. Eight types of sEH-related eicosanoids were measured according to target metabolomics, and their correlation with clinical endpoints was also analyzed. The primary endpoint was cardiac mortality, and the secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiac events, including heart failure (HF) readmission, cardiogenic hospitalization, and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, the effect of sEH inhibitors on cardiac diastolic function in HFpEF was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Patients with HFpEF showed significantly enhanced EET degradation by the sEH enzyme compared with healthy controls. More importantly, sEH activity was positively correlated with cardiac mortality in patients with HFpEF, especially in older patients with arrhythmia. A consistent result was obtained in the multiple adjusted models. Decreased sEH activity by the sEH inhibitor showed a significant effective effect on the improvement of cardiac diastolic function by ameliorating lipid disorders in cardiomyocytes of HFpEF mouse model. This study demonstrated that increased sEH activity was associated with cardiac mortality in patients with HFpEF and suggested that sEH inhibition could be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve diastolic cardiac function. Clinical trial identifier: NCT03461107 (https://clinicaltrials.gov). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00069-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Ziping Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Kudusi Abuduwufuer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Li Ni
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Chenze Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jinshan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiangrui Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease-Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
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Classes of Lipid Mediators and Their Effects on Vascular Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021637. [PMID: 36675152 PMCID: PMC9863938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly believed that the inactivation of inflammation is mainly due to the decay or cessation of inducers. In reality, in connection with the development of atherosclerosis, spontaneous decay of inducers is not observed. It is now known that lipid mediators originating from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are important constituents of all cell membranes, can act in the inflamed tissue and bring it to resolution. In fact, PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors to both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds. In this review, we describe the lipid mediators of vascular inflammation and resolution, and their biochemical activity. In addition, we highlight data from the literature that often show a worsening of atherosclerotic disease in subjects deficient in lipid mediators of inflammation resolution, and we also report on the anti-proteasic and anti-thrombotic properties of these same lipid mediators. It should be noted that despite promising data observed in both animal and in vitro studies, contradictory clinical results have been observed for omega-3 PUFAs. Many further studies will be required in order to clarify the observed conflicts, although lifestyle habits such as smoking or other biochemical factors may often influence the normal synthesis of lipid mediators of inflammation resolution.
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Lipid mediators generated by the cytochrome P450—Epoxide hydrolase pathway. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:327-373. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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ElKhatib MAW, Isse FA, El-Kadi AOS. Effect of inflammation on cytochrome P450-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism and the consequences on cardiac hypertrophy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 55:50-74. [PMID: 36573379 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure (HF) is generally preceded by cardiac hypertrophy (CH), which is the enlargement of cardiac myocytes in response to stress. During CH, the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), which is present in the cell membrane phospholipids, is modulated. Metabolism of AA gives rise to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) via cytochrome P450 (CYP) ω-hydroxylases and CYP epoxygenases, respectively. A plethora of studies demonstrated the involvement of CYP-mediated AA metabolites in the pathogenesis of CH. Also, inflammation is known to be a characteristic hallmark of CH. In this review, our aim is to highlight the impact of inflammation on CYP-derived AA metabolites and CH. Inflammation is shown to modulate the expression of various CYP ω-hydroxylases and CYP epoxygenases and their respective metabolites in the heart. In general, HETEs such as 20-HETE and mid-chain HETEs are pro-inflammatory, while EETs are characterized by their anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. Several mechanisms are implicated in inflammation-induced CH, including the modulation of NF-κB and MAPK. This review demonstrated the inflammatory modulation of cardiac CYPs and their metabolites in the context of CH and the anti-inflammatory strategies that can be employed in the treatment of CH and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fadumo Ahmed Isse
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Morvaridzadeh M, Qorbani M, Shokati Eshkiki Z, Estêvão MD, Mohammadi Ganjaroudi N, Toupchian O, Abdollahi S, Pizarro AB, Abu-Zaid A, Zadro JR, Heshmati J, Ziaei S. The effect of almond intake on cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory markers, and liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4325-4344. [PMID: 36331011 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Almond intake may be correlated with improvements in several cardiometabolic parameters, but its effects are controversial in the published literature, and it needs to be comprehensively summarized. We conducted a systematic search in several international electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov until April 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of almond consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory markers, and liver enzymes. Data were pooled using the random-effects model method and presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-six eligible trials were analyzed (n = 1750 participants). Almond intake significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very LDL (p < 0.05). The effects of almond intake on systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, C-peptide, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, C-reactive protein (CRP), hs-CRP (high sensitivity C-reactive protein), interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, ICAM (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule), VCAM (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule), homocysteine, HDL, ox-LDL, ApoA1, ApoB, and lipoprotien-a were not statistically significant (p > .05). The current body of evidence supports the ingestion of almonds for their beneficial lipid-lowering and antihypertensive effects. However, the effects of almonds on antiinflammatory markers, glycemic control, and hepatic enzymes should be further evaluated via performing more extensive randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shokati Eshkiki
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Science Reseaech Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Dulce Estêvão
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Omid Toupchian
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua R Zadro
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ziaei
- Anesthesiologist, ICU Department, Emam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Shinto LH, Raber J, Mishra A, Roese N, Silbert LC. A Review of Oxylipins in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD): Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Modulation of Vascular Tone and Inflammation. Metabolites 2022; 12:826. [PMID: 36144230 PMCID: PMC9501361 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now a convincing body of evidence from observational studies that the majority of modifiable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk factors are vascular in nature. In addition, the co-existence of cerebrovascular disease with AD is more common than AD alone, and conditions resulting in brain ischemia likely promote detrimental effects of AD pathology. Oxylipins are a class of bioactive lipid mediators derived from the oxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which act as modulators of both vascular tone and inflammation. In vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), there is emerging evidence that oxylipins may have both protective and detrimental effects on brain structure, cognitive performance, and disease progression. In this review, we focus on oxylipin relationships with vascular and inflammatory risk factors in human studies and animal models pertinent to ADRD. In addition, we discuss future research directions with the potential to impact the trajectory of ADRD risk and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne H. Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalie Roese
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Alhashim A, Abdelbary M, Sullivan JC, Naeini SE, Elmarakby AA. Sexual dimorphism in renal heme oxygenase-1 and arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes in spontaneously hypertensive rats versus normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 161:106650. [PMID: 35618157 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated a sexual dimorphism in blood pressure (BP) control in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), however the mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Based on the established role of arachidonic acid metabolites and heme oxygenase (HO) in BP control, we hypothesize that higher BP in male SHR is associated with differential expression in renal HO and arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes vs. female SHR. Higher BP in male SHR coincided with significant increases in renal cortical superoxide production and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) levels as measures of oxidative stress compared to normotensive female WKY and female SHR. The elevations in BP and oxidative stress in male SHR were also associated with a decrease in cortical heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression when compared to normotensive female WKY. Although there was no sex or strain differences in cortical expression of the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) producing enzyme, cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP2C23), in male and female SHR and WKY, SHR had greater expression of the EETs metabolizing enzyme, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) vs. WKY. Cortical expression of the 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) producing enzyme, cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (CYP4A), was less in female WKY and SHR compared to strain-matched males and cortical 20-HETE levels were also less in female SHR vs. male SHR. Cortical cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was significantly greater in female SHR and WKY vs. males and cortical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in female SHR was significantly greater than male WKY. In conclusion, our data suggest that sex differences in renal oxidative stress, HO-1 and arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes could contribute to sexual dimorphism in hypertension in young SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Sahar Emami Naeini
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ahmed A Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Paraoxonase 1 hydrolysis of EPA-derived lactone impairs endothelial-mediated vasodilation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 162:106665. [PMID: 35817276 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a lactonase that plays a significant role in anti-atherosclerotic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) activity. PON1 is also localized in endothelial cell membranes, where it is enzymatically active and regulates endothelial signals. PON1 has a high specificity for lipophilic lactones and has been shown to hydrolyze and regulate lactone lipid mediators derived from arachidonic polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Previously, we showed that an arachidonic acid lactone metabolite (AA-L) dose-dependently dilates PON1 gene deletion (PON1KO) mouse mesenteric arteries significantly more than wild-type arteries. In contrast, preincubation with HDL or rePON1 reduced AA-L-dependent vasodilation. Recently we showed that an additional δ-lactone metabolite derived from the eicosapentaenoic acid lactone, 5,6-δ-DiHETE lactone (EPA-L) reduced blood pressure by dilating microvessels of hypertensive rats. However, whether PON1 regulates the activity of the EPA-L lipid mediator is unknown. AIM To demonstrate that PON1 hydrolyzes EPA-L and to reveal the effect of this hydrolysis on endothelial-dependent vascular dilation. METHODS AND RESULTS In vascular reactivity experiments, EPA-L dose-dependently dilated PON1KO mouse mesenteric arteries significantly more than wild-type mesenteric arteries. This dilation was not affected by nitric oxide inhibition. PON1 impaired the cellular calcium increase mediated by EPA-L in endothelial cells, though this impairment decreased with PON1 internalization to the cell. CONCLUSION These findings support that PUFA-lactones are physiological substrates of PON1, and that PON1 activity in the endothelial membrane affects the dilation of microvessels that is induced by these endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing PUFA-lactones.
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Koch E, Kampschulte N, Schebb NH. Comprehensive Analysis of Fatty Acid and Oxylipin Patterns in n3-PUFA Supplements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3979-3988. [PMID: 35324176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Supplementing long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) improves health. We characterized the pattern of total and non-esterified oxylipins and fatty acids in n3 supplements made of fish, krill, or micro-algae oil by LC-MS. All supplements contained the declared amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); however, their content per capsule and the concentration of other fatty acids varied strongly. Krill oil contained the highest total n3 oxylipin concentration (6000 nmol/g) and the highest degree of oxidation (EPA 0.7%; DHA 1.3%), while micro-algae oil (Schizochytrium sp.) showed the lowest oxidation (<0.09%). These oils contain specifically high amounts of the terminal hydroxylation product of EPA (20-HEPE, 300 nmol/g) and DHA (22-HDHA, 200 nmol/g), which can serve as an authenticity marker for micro-algae oil. Refined micro-algae and fish oil were characterized by NEFA levels of ≤0.1%. Overall, the oxylipin and fatty acid pattern allows gaining new insights into the origin and quality of n3-PUFA oils in supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Koch
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nadja Kampschulte
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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15
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Zhu X, Li K, Gao Y. Adeno-associated virus-mediated in vivo suppression of expression of EPHX2 gene modulates the activity of paraventricular nucleus neurons in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 606:121-127. [PMID: 35344709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension can be attributed to increased sympathetic activities. Presympathetic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus are capable of modulating sympathetic outflow, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of neurogenic hypertension. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) were reported to have anti-hypertensive effects, which could be degraded by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), encoded by EPHX2. However, the potential effect of EETs on PVN neuron activity and the underlying molecular mechanism are largely unknown. METHODS Knockdown of EPHX2 in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was achieved by tail-intravenous injection of AAV plasmid containing shRNA targeting EPHX2. Whole-cell patch clamp was used to record action potentials of PVN neurons. An LC-MS/MS System was employed to determine 14,15-EET levels in rat cerebrospinal fluid. qPCR and western blotting were applied to examine the expression level of EPHX2 in various tissues. ELISA and immunofluorescence staining were applied to examine the levels of ATP, D-serine and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in isolated astrocytes. RESULTS The expression level of EPHX2 was higher, while the level of 14,15-EET was lower in SHRs than normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) rats. The spike firing frequency of PNV neurons in SHRs was higher than in WKY rats at a given stimulus current, which could be reduced by either EPHX2 downregulation or 14,15-EET administration. In isolated hypothalamic astrocytes, the elevated intracellular ATP or D-serine induced by Angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment could be rescued by 14,15-EET addition or 14,15-EET combing serine racemase (SR) downregulation by siRNA, respectively. Furthermore, 14,15-EET treatment reduced the Ang II-induced elevation of GFAP immunofluorescence. CONCLUSIONS The elevation of EET levels by EPHX2 downregulation reduced presympathetic neuronal activity in the PVN of SHRs, leading to a reduced sympathetic outflow in hypertension rats. The ATP/SR/D-serine pathway of astrocytes is involved in EET-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kuibao Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Gao
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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16
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Sharma M, Singh V, Sharma R, Koul A, McCarthy ET, Savin VJ, Joshi T, Srivastava T. Glomerular Biomechanical Stress and Lipid Mediators during Cellular Changes Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:407. [PMID: 35203616 PMCID: PMC8962328 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperfiltration is an important underlying cause of glomerular dysfunction associated with several systemic and intrinsic glomerular conditions leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). These include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), congenital abnormalities and reduced renal mass (low nephron number). Hyperfiltration-associated biomechanical forces directly impact the cell membrane, generating tensile and fluid flow shear stresses in multiple segments of the nephron. Ongoing research suggests these biomechanical forces as the initial mediators of hyperfiltration-induced deterioration of podocyte structure and function leading to their detachment and irreplaceable loss from the glomerular filtration barrier. Membrane lipid-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites are potent transducers of biomechanical stress from the cell surface to intracellular compartments. Omega-6 and ω-3 long-chain PUFA from membrane phospholipids generate many versatile and autacoid oxylipins that modulate pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory autocrine and paracrine signaling. We advance the idea that lipid signaling molecules, related enzymes, metabolites and receptors are not just mediators of cellular stress but also potential targets for developing novel interventions. With the growing emphasis on lifestyle changes for wellness, dietary fatty acids are potential adjunct-therapeutics to minimize/treat hyperfiltration-induced progressive glomerular damage and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Arnav Koul
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Ellen T. McCarthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
| | - Virginia J. Savin
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Tarak Srivastava
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
- Section of Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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17
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Baranowska I, Gawrys O, Walkowska A, Olszynski KH, Červenka L, Falck JR, Adebesin AM, Imig JD, Kompanowska-Jezierska E. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Analog and 20-HETE Antagonist Combination Prevent Hypertension Development in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:798642. [PMID: 35111064 PMCID: PMC8802114 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.798642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate a significant role for cytochrome P-450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolites in blood pressure regulation, vascular tone, and control of renal function. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) exhibit a spectrum of beneficial effects, such as vasodilatory activity and anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-apoptotic properties. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a potent vasoconstrictor that inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidney. In the present study, the efficiency of EET-A (a stable analog of 14,15-EET) alone and combined with AAA, a novel receptor antagonist of 20-HETE, was tested in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Adult SHR (16 weeks old) were treated with two doses of EET-A (10 or 40 mg/kg/day). In the following experiments, we also tested selected substances in the prevention of hypertension development in young SHR (6 weeks old). Young rats were treated with EET-A or the combination of EET-A and AAA (both at 10 mg/kg/day). The substances were administered in drinking water for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was measured by telemetry. Once-a-week observation in metabolic cages was performed; urine, blood, and tissue samples were collected for further analysis. The combined treatment with AAA + EET-A exhibited antihypertensive efficiency in young SHR, which remained normotensive until the end of the observation in comparison to a control group (systolic blood pressure, 134 ± 2 versus 156 ± 5 mmHg, respectively; p < 0.05). Moreover the combined treatment also increased the nitric oxide metabolite excretion. Considering the beneficial impact of the combined treatment with EET-A and AAA in young rats and our previous positive results in adult SHR, we suggest that it is a promising therapeutic strategy not only for the treatment but also for the prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Baranowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Gawrys
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland.,Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Agnieszka Walkowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof H Olszynski
- Behavior and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Adeniyi M Adebesin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Elżbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Das UN. Renin cell baroreceptor and arachidonic acid. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Zhao Z, Zhang C, Lin J, Zheng L, Li H, Qi X, Huo H, Lou X, Hammock BD, Hwang SH, Bao Y, Luo M. COX-2/sEH Dual Inhibitor PTUPB Alleviates CCl 4 -Induced Liver Fibrosis and Portal Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:761517. [PMID: 35004731 PMCID: PMC8734593 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.761517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: 4-(5-phenyl-3-{3-[3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ureido]-propyl}-pyrazol-1-yl) -benzenesulfonamide (PTUPB), a dual cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, was found to alleviate renal, pulmonary fibrosis and liver injury. However, few is known about the effect of PTUPB on liver cirrhosis. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of PTUPB in liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (PHT). Method: Rat liver cirrhosis model was established via subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 16 weeks. The experimental group received oral administration of PTUPB (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. We subsequently analyzed portal pressure (PP), liver fibrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and intra- or extrahepatic vascular remodeling. Additionally, network pharmacology was used to investigate the possible mechanisms of PTUPB in live fibrosis. Results: CCl4 exposure induced liver fibrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, vascular remodeling and PHT, and PTUPB alleviated these changes. PTUPB decreased PP from 17.50 ± 4.65 to 6.37 ± 1.40 mmHg, reduced collagen deposition and profibrotic factor. PTUPB alleviated the inflammation and bile duct proliferation, as indicated by decrease in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), liver cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), transaminase, and macrophage infiltration. PTUPB also restored vessel wall thickness of superior mesenteric arteries (SMA) and inhibited intra- or extrahepatic angiogenesis and vascular remodeling via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), von Willebrand factor (vWF), etc. Moreover, PTUPB induced sinusoidal vasodilation by upregulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1). In enrichment analysis, PTUPB engaged in multiple biological functions related to cirrhosis, including blood pressure, tissue remodeling, immunological inflammation, macrophage activation, and fibroblast proliferation. Additionally, PTUPB suppressed hepatic expression of sEH, COX-2, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Conclusion: 4-(5-phenyl-3-{3-[3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ureido]-propyl}-pyrazol-1-yl)- benzenesulfonamide ameliorated liver fibrosis and PHT by inhibiting fibrotic deposition, inflammation, angiogenesis, sinusoidal, and SMA remodeling. The molecular mechanism may be mediated via the downregulation of the sEH/COX-2/TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chihao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayun Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliang Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haizhong Huo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolou Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yongyang Bao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in GR +/- Rats Is Accompanied with Dysregulation in Adrenal Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413218. [PMID: 34948014 PMCID: PMC8708190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations within the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene locus lead to glucocorticoid resistance which is characterized by several clinical symptoms such as adrenal gland hyperplasia and salt-sensitive hypertension, although the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. We studied GR haploinsufficient (GR+/−) Sprague Dawley rats which, on a standard diet, showed significantly increased plasma aldosterone and corticosterone levels and an adrenocortex hyperplasia accompanied by a normal systolic blood pressure. Following a high salt diet, these rats developed salt-sensitive hypertension and maintained elevated enzyme-soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in adrenal glands, while sEH was significantly decreased in wild-type rats. Furthermore, GR+/− rats showed dysregulation of the equilibrated linoleic and arachidonic acid pathways, with a significant increase of less active metabolites such as 8,9-DiHETrE. In Sprague Dawley rats, GR haploinsufficiency induced steroid disturbances, which provoked hypertension only in combination with high salt intake, which was accompanied by disturbances in sEH and fatty acid metabolism. Our results suggest that sEH inhibition could be a potential target to treat hypertension in patients with GR haploinsufficiency.
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21
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Fujino C, Sanoh S, Katsura T. Variation in Expression of Cytochrome P450 3A Isoforms and Toxicological Effects: Endo- and Exogenous Substances as Regulatory Factors and Substrates. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1617-1634. [PMID: 34719640 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The CYP3A subfamily, which includes isoforms CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 in humans, plays important roles in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous substances. Gene and protein expression of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 show large inter-individual differences, which are caused by many endogenous and exogenous factors. Inter-individual differences can cause negative outcomes, such as adverse drug events and disease development. Therefore, it is important to understand the variations in CYP3A expression caused by endo- and exogenous factors, as well as the variation in the metabolism and kinetics of endo- and exogenous substrates. In this review, we summarize the factors regulating CYP3A expression, such as bile acids, hormones, microRNA, inflammatory cytokines, drugs, environmental chemicals, and dietary factors. In addition, variations in CYP3A expression under pathological conditions, such as coronavirus disease 2019 and liver diseases, are described as examples of the physiological effects of endogenous factors. We also summarize endogenous and exogenous substrates metabolized by CYP3A isoforms, such as cholesterol, bile acids, hormones, arachidonic acid, vitamin D, and drugs. The relationship between the changes in the kinetics of these substrates and the toxicological effects in our bodies are discussed. The usefulness of these substrates and metabolites as endogenous biomarkers for CYP3A activity is also discussed. Notably, we focused on discrimination between CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 to understand inter-individual differences in CYP3A expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Fujino
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Toshiya Katsura
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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22
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Verma K, Jain S, Paliwal S, Paliwal S, Sharma S. A clinical perspective of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in metabolic and related cardiovascular diseases. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:763-778. [PMID: 34544352 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210920104352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolase (EH) is a crucial enzyme responsible for catabolism, detoxification, and regulation of signaling molecules in various organisms including human beings. In mammals, EHs are classified according to their DNA sequence, sub-cellular location, and activity into eight major classes: soluble EH (sEH), microsomal EH (mEH), leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), cholesterol EH (ChEH), hepoxilin EH, paternally expressed gene 1 (peg1/MEST), EH3 and EH4. The sEH, an α/β-hydrolase fold family enzyme is an emerging pharmacological target in multiple diseases namely, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, chronic pain, fibrosis, diabetes, pulmonary diseases, and immunological disease. It exhibits prominent physiological effect that includes anti-inflammatory, anti-migratory and vasodilatory effects. Its efficacy has been documented in several kinds of clinical trials and observational studies. This review specifically highlights the development of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHIs) in the clinical setting for the management of metabolic syndrome and related disorders such as cardiovascular effects, endothelial dysfunction, arterial disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, heart failure, and dyslipidemia. In addition, limitations and future aspects of sEHIs have also been highlighted which will help the investigators to bring the sEHI to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith. Banasthali-304022, Rajasthan. India
| | - Smita Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith. Banasthali-304022, Rajasthan. India
| | - Swati Paliwal
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith. Banasthali-304022, Rajasthan. India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith. Banasthali-304022, Rajasthan. India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith. Banasthali-304022, Rajasthan. India
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Rezaee E, Shadzad HR, Nazari M, Tabatabai SA. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of some 1,2,3-triazole derivatives as novel amide-based inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Barsheshet M, Ertracht O, Boginya A, Reuveni T, Atar S, Szuchman-Sapir A. Vasodilation and blood pressure-lowering effect mediated by 5,6-EEQ lactone in 5/6 nephrectomy hypertensive rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159031. [PMID: 34428548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction is a key contributor to vascular hypertension, one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Microvascular dysfunction leads to the loss of nitric oxide-mediated endothelial dilation and the subsequent compensatory function of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing (EDH) factors in the regulation of vascular tone. Previously, we showed that lactone metabolite derived from arachidonic acid induces endothelial-dependent vasodilation in isolated human microvessels. Based on structural similarities, we hypothesize that additional lactone metabolites formed from eicosapentaenoic fatty acid (EPA) may bear EDH properties. AIM To elucidate the vasodilatory and blood pressure (BP)-reducing characteristics of the 5,6-EEQ (5,6-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids) lactone (EPA-L) in hypertensive 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) rats. METHODS 5/6Nx hypertensive rats intravenously administrated with EPA-L for five days. BP, blood and urine chemistry, and kidney function were detected and analyzed. Vascular dilation was detected using a pressure myograph with or without Ca2+ - activated K+ (KCa) endothelial channel inhibitors. KCNN3 and KCNN4 gene expression (mRNA) detected in mesenteric arteries from 5/6Nx and NT rats. RESULTS EPA-L administration to 5/6Nx rats significantly (p < 0.05) reduced BP and heart rate without affecting kidney function. 5/6Nx rat mesenteric arterioles exhibited a lower dilation response to acetylcholine (10-7 mol/l) than normotensive (NT) vessels, while EPA-L administration restored the vessel relaxation response. The EPA-L-driven relaxation of mesenteric arteries was significantly reduced by pretreatment with TRAM-34 and apamin. However, KCa channel expression did not significantly differ between 5/6Nx and NT mesenteric arteries. CONCLUSION EPA-L reduces BP by improving microvessel dilation involving calcium-dependent potassium endothelial channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Barsheshet
- Laboratory of Vascular Signaling Research, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Ltd., Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Offir Ertracht
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Research institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Alexandra Boginya
- Laboratory of Vascular Signaling Research, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Ltd., Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Tal Reuveni
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Research institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Shaul Atar
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Research institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel; The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; The Cardiology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Andrea Szuchman-Sapir
- Laboratory of Vascular Signaling Research, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Ltd., Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel.
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Effects of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid-Enhancing Therapy on the Course of Congestive Heart Failure in Angiotensin II-Dependent Rat Hypertension: From mRNA Analysis towards Functional In Vivo Evaluation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081053. [PMID: 34440257 PMCID: PMC8393645 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of chronic treatment with EET-A, an orally active epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EETs) analog, on the course of aorto-caval fistula (ACF)-induced heart failure (HF) in Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR), a model characterized by hypertension and augmented activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The results were compared with standard pharmacological blockade of the RAS using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi). The rationale for employing EET-A as a new treatment approach is based on our findings that apart from increased RAS activity, untreated ACF TGR also shows kidney and left ventricle (LV) tissue deficiency of EETs. Untreated ACF TGR began to die 17 days after creating ACF and were all dead by day 84. The treatment with EET-A alone or ACEi alone improved the survival rate: in 156 days after ACF creation, it was 45.5% and 59.4%, respectively. The combined treatment with EET-A and ACEi appeared to improve the final survival to 71%; however, the difference from either single treatment regimen did not reach significance. Nevertheless, our findings support the notion that targeting the cytochrome P-450-dependent epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism should be considered for the treatment of HF.
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Jíchová Š, Gawryś O, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Melenovský V, Hošková L, Červenka L, Kala P, Veselka J, Čertíková Chábová V. Kidney Response to Chemotherapy-Induced Heart Failure: mRNA Analysis in Normotensive and Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8475. [PMID: 34445179 PMCID: PMC8395170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to perform kidney messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) analysis in normotensive, Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) rats and hypertensive, Ren-2 renin transgenic rats (TGR) after doxorubicin-induced heart failure (HF) with specific focus on genes that are implicated in the pathophysiology of HF-associated cardiorenal syndrome. We found that in both strains renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA expressions were upregulated indicating that the vasoconstrictor axis of the renin-angiotensin system was activated. We found that pre-proendothelin-1, endothelin-converting enzyme type 1 and endothelin type A receptor mRNA expressions were upregulated in HanSD rats, but not in TGR, suggesting the activation of endothelin system in HanSD rats, but not in TGR. We found that mRNA expression of cytochrome P-450 subfamily 2C23 was downregulated in TGR and not in HanSD rats, suggesting the deficiency in the intrarenal cytochrome P450-dependent pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in TGR. These results should be the basis for future studies evaluating the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome secondary to chemotherapy-induced HF in order to potentially develop new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Jíchová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (Š.J.); (L.Č.); (P.K.)
| | - Olga Gawryś
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (O.G.); (E.K.-J.); (J.S.)
| | - Elżbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (O.G.); (E.K.-J.); (J.S.)
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (O.G.); (E.K.-J.); (J.S.)
| | - Vojtěch Melenovský
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (L.H.)
| | - Lenka Hošková
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (L.H.)
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (Š.J.); (L.Č.); (P.K.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kala
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (Š.J.); (L.Č.); (P.K.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Motol and 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Josef Veselka
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Motol and 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Věra Čertíková Chábová
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
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Mota-Zamorano S, Robles NR, Lopez-Gomez J, Cancho B, González LM, Garcia-Pino G, Navarro-Pérez ML, Gervasini G. Plasma and urinary concentrations of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids are associated with diabetic kidney disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:698-708. [PMID: 34040498 PMCID: PMC8144539 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies indicate that arachidonic acid (AA)-derived eicosanoids contribute to hyperglycemia-induced kidney injury. We aimed to determine whether plasma and/or urinary levels of dihydroxyeicosatrienoic (DHETs) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (20-HETE) acids are associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). A total of 334 subjects (132 DKD patients and 202 non-diabetic individuals) were studied. Plasma levels of 11,12-DHET, 14,15-DHET and 20-HETE were measured by LC/MS/MS. Urinary 20-HETE concentrations were determined by immunoenzymatic assay. Subjects with normoalbuminuria had larger 20-HETE-to-creatinine urinary ratios (20-HETE/Cr) than those with micro and macroalbuminuria (p=0.012). Likewise, participants with eGFR>60 ml/min/1.73 m2 had higher plasma levels of 14,15-DHET (p=0.039) and 20-HETE/Cr ratios (p=0.007). Concentrations of 14,15-DHET, 11,12-DHET and 20-HETE/Cr were significantly lower in DKD patients. Median values for non-diabetic vs. DKD were, respectively, 493 (351.0-691.5) vs. 358 (260.5-522) ng/L, p=3e-5; 262 (183.5-356.0) vs. 202 (141.5-278.0) ng/L, p=1e-4 and 5.26 (1.68-11.65) vs. 2.53 (1.01-6.28) ng/mgCr, p=0.010. In addition, 20-HETE/Cr ratios were higher in patients with non-proteinuric DKD than in those with typical DKD (p=0.020). When only individuals with impaired filtration were considered, 14,15-DHET and 11,12-DHET levels were still higher in non-diabetic subjects (p=0.002 and p=0.006, respectively). Our results indicate that AA-derived eicosanoids may play a relevant role in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mota-Zamorano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Nicolás R Robles
- Service of Nephrology, Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juan Lopez-Gomez
- Service of Clinical Analyses, Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Bárbara Cancho
- Service of Nephrology, Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luz M González
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | | | - Guillermo Gervasini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Lai J, Chen C. The Role of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids in Cardiac Remodeling. Front Physiol 2021; 12:642470. [PMID: 33716791 PMCID: PMC7943617 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.642470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are metabolites of arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases, which include four regioisomers: 5,6-EET, 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET. Each of them possesses beneficial effects against inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis, which could combat cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated that elevation of EETs by overexpression of CYP2J2, inhibition of sEH, or treatment with EET analogs showed protective effects in various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As is known to all, cardiac remodeling is the major pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This review will begin with the introduction of EETs and their protective effects in cardiovascular diseases. In the following, the roles of EETs in cardiac remodeling, with a particular emphasis on myocardial hypertrophy, apoptosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis, will be summarized. Finally, it is suggested that upregulation of EETs is a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases. The EET-related drug development against cardiac remodeling is also discussed, including the overexpression of CYP2J2, inhibition of sEH, and the analogs of EET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, Hu J, Fleming I, Wang DW. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 33637672 PMCID: PMC7910446 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified AA on the inner surface of the cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is in turn further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to a spectrum of bioactive mediators that includes prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), and lipoxins (LXs). Many of the latter mediators are considered to be novel preventive and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, and inflammatory diseases. This review sets out to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of the AA metabolizing pathways and outline the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of AA related to its three main metabolic pathways in CVD and cancer progression will provide valuable insight for developing new therapeutic drugs for CVD and anti-cancer agents such as inhibitors of EETs or 2J2. Thus, we herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, cardiovascular and cancer biology, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes. To explore the role of the AA metabolism and potential therapies, we also introduce the current newly clinical studies targeting AA metabolisms in the different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
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Walkowska A, Červenka L, Imig JD, Falck JR, Sadowski J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E. Early Renal Vasodilator and Hypotensive Action of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Analog (EET-A) and 20-HETE Receptor Blocker (AAA) in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:622882. [PMID: 33584348 PMCID: PMC7876274 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.622882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP-450) metabolites of arachidonic acid: epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) have established role in regulation of blood pressure (BP) and kidney function. EETs deficiency and increased renal formation of 20-HETE contribute to hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We explored the effects of 14,15-EET analog (EET-A) and of 20-HETE receptor blocker (AAA) on BP and kidney function in this model. In anesthetized SHR the responses were determined of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), total renal (RBF), and cortical (CBF) and inner-medullary blood flows, glomerular filtration rate and renal excretion, to EET-A, 5 mg/kg, infused i.v. for 1 h to rats untreated or after blockade of endogenous EETs degradation with an inhibitor (c-AUCB) of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Also examined were the responses to AAA (10 mg/kg/h), given alone or together with EET-A. EET-A significantly increased RBF and CBF (+30% and 26%, respectively), seen already within first 30 min of infusion. The greatest increases in RBF and CBF (by about 40%) were seen after AAA, similar when given alone or combined with EET-A. MABP decreased after EET-A or AAA but not significantly after the combination thereof. In all groups, RBF, and CBF increases preceded the decrease in MABP. We found that in SHR both EET-A and AAA induced renal vasodilation but, unexpectedly, no additive effect was seen. We suggest that both agents have a definite therapeutic potential and deserve further experimental and clinical testing aimed at introduction of novel antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Walkowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition in Liver Diseases: A Review of Current Research and Knowledge Gaps. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9060124. [PMID: 32545637 PMCID: PMC7345757 DOI: 10.3390/biology9060124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition is a valuable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of numerous diseases, including those of the liver. sEH rapidly degrades cytochrome P450-produced epoxygenated lipids (epoxy-fatty acids), which are synthesized from omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, that generally exert beneficial effects on several cellular processes. sEH hydrolysis of epoxy-fatty acids produces dihydroxy-fatty acids which are typically less biologically active than their parent epoxide. Efforts to develop sEH inhibitors have made available numerous compounds that show therapeutic efficacy and a wide margin of safety in a variety of different diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, and others. This review summarizes research efforts which characterize the applications, underlying effects, and molecular mechanisms of sEH inhibitors in these liver diseases and identifies gaps in knowledge for future research.
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Combined treatment with epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analog and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid antagonist provides substantial hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2020; 38:1802-1810. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Piper K, Garelnabi M. Eicosanoids: Atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic health. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2020; 19:100216. [PMID: 32071878 PMCID: PMC7013337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been the leading causes of death in the U.S. for nearly a century. Numerous studies have linked eicosanoids to cardiometabolic disease. Objectives and Methods: This review summaries recent advances and innovative research in eicosanoids and CVD. Numerous review articles and their original human or animal studies were assessed in the relevant and recent studies. OUTCOME We identified and discussed recent trends in eicosanoids known for their roles in CVD. Their subsequent relationships were assessed for any possible implications associated with consumption of different dietary lipids, essentially omega fatty acids. Eicosanoids have been heavily sought after over recent decades for their direct role in mediating the enhancement and resolution of acute immune responses. Given the short half-life of these oxidized lipid metabolites, studies on atherosclerosis have had to rely on the metabolites that are actively involved in eicosanoid production, signaling or redox reactions as markers for atherosclerosis-related molecular behaviors. CONCLUSION Further investigations expending current knowledge, should be applied to narrow the specific class and species of eicosanoids responsible for inciting inflammation especially in the context of recent clinical studies assessing the role of dietary lipid in cardiovascular diseases.
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