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Liu R, Luo D, Gao J, Li K, Liu C, Qi X, Cui H, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang X, Gao Y, Gao L. A Novel Variant of Avian Reovirus Is Pathogenic to Vaccinated Chickens. Viruses 2023; 15:1800. [PMID: 37766207 PMCID: PMC10538029 DOI: 10.3390/v15091800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) infections, characterized by severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis, and poor weight gain, have become increasingly serious in recent years. The economic impact is significant as it causes growth inhibition and immunosuppression. Some commercial poultry in China have been widely vaccinated with available ARV vaccines; however, infections continue to occur even after vaccination. This study aimed to isolate a novel variant, ARV-SD19/11103, from the joint tissues of infected broiler chickens vaccinated with ARV vaccines in Shandong Province. Genetic evolution analysis of the major protective antigen σC gene in ARVs showed that ARV-SD19/11103 was located in the genotype cluster I but not in the same sub-cluster as the S1133 vaccine strain. The amino acid sequence similarity between SD19/11103 and vaccine strains S1133, 1733, and 2408 was <80%. After analyzing the amino acid sequences of the σC protein, 33 amino acid differences were found between the new variant isolate and the vaccine strains. This novel variant showed obvious pathogenicity in specific pathogen-free chicken embryos and chicks and could cause serious disease in chickens vaccinated with commercially available ARV vaccines. Cross-neutralization experiments further demonstrated a significant antigenic difference between the novel variant and genotype cluster I ARV strains. The novel variant strain isolated in this study provides an important theoretical basis for understanding the prevalence and genetic evolutionary characteristics of ARV variant strains in our country. This study identified the causes of ARVs circulating and emphasizes the needs for developing new vaccines against novel ARV variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Dan Luo
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jinhui Gao
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Suyan Wang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (R.L.); (D.L.); (J.G.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
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2
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Raji AA, Omar AR. Pathogenesis of Chicken Astrovirus Related Illnesses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:899901. [PMID: 35754540 PMCID: PMC9231584 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.899901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the several known viruses, chicken astrovirus (CAstV) has been associated with diarrhea, runting-stunting syndrome, severe kidney disease, and gout, and white chick syndrome (WCS) in young broiler chicks. Discovered in 2004, CAstV consists of two genogroups with an expanding subgroup because of the diversity exhibited in its viral capsid sequence. Despite these findings, there exists a dearth of knowledge on its pathogenesis. This review highlights the pathogenesis and development of in vivo and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Abdullahi Raji
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience and Department of Veterinary pathology and Microbiology Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Ali MZ, Moula MM, Bhuiyan ZA, Giasuddin M, Shin HJ. First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Chicken Astrovirus and Avian Nephritis Virus in Chickens in Bangladesh. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:769489. [PMID: 34926641 PMCID: PMC8672296 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.769489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and avian nephritis virus (ANV) are enteric viruses of poultry and have infected a wide range of poultry species worldwide, causing runting-stunting syndrome (RSS), which requires virus screening and results in serious economic damage. No confirmed cases have been reported from Bangladesh. In the present study, CAstV and ANV were monitored in Bangladesh. We monitored samples for CAstV and ANV and compared their genomic sequences to other reference strains. We found 8/31 flocks (25.8%) were positive for CAstV, 6/31 flocks (19.3%) had mixed infection of CAstV and ANV, and 1 flock (3.2%) was positive for ANV. Only ANV and a combination of CAstV and ANV were found in broilers and broiler breeders, but CAstV was found in all types of chickens. We isolated two of each from CAstV and ANV through specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs via the yolk sac route. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF1b conserved region of CAstV and ANV suggested that the locally circulating strain was closely related to the strains isolated from India and Brazil. This report is the first molecular characterization of CAstV and ANV in Bangladesh. This study highlights that CAstV and ANV are circulating in Bangladeshi poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zulfekar Ali
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Nourish Central Poultry Laboratory, Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giasuddin
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Jastrzębski JP, Grzybek M, Domańska-Blicharz K, Tarasiuk K, Marzec-Kotarska B. Transcriptome Sequencing of the Spleen Reveals Antiviral Response Genes in Chickens Infected with CAstV. Viruses 2021; 13:2374. [PMID: 34960643 PMCID: PMC8708055 DOI: 10.3390/v13122374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrovirus infections pose a significant problem in the poultry industry, leading to multiple adverse effects such as a decreased egg production, breeding disorders, poor weight gain, and even increased mortality. The commonly observed chicken astrovirus (CAstV) was recently reported to be responsible for the "white chicks syndrome" associated with an increased embryo/chick mortality. CAstV-mediated pathogenesis in chickens occurs due to complex interactions between the infectious pathogen and the immune system. Many aspects of CAstV-chicken interactions remain unclear, and there is no information available regarding possible changes in gene expression in the chicken spleen in response to CAstV infection. We aim to investigate changes in gene expression triggered by CAstV infection. Ten 21-day-old SPF White Leghorn chickens were divided into two groups of five birds each. One group was inoculated with CAstV, and the other used as the negative control. At 4 days post infection, spleen samples were collected and immediately frozen at -70 °C for RNA isolation. We analyzed the isolated RNA, using RNA-seq to generate transcriptional profiles of the chickens' spleens and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The RNA-seq findings were verified by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 31,959 genes was identified in response to CAstV infection. Eventually, 45 DEGs (p-value < 0.05; log2 fold change > 1) were recognized in the spleen after CAstV infection (26 upregulated DEGs and 19 downregulated DEGs). qRT-PCR performed on four genes (IFIT5, OASL, RASD1, and DDX60) confirmed the RNA-seq results. The most differentially expressed genes encode putative IFN-induced CAstV restriction factors. Most DEGs were associated with the RIG-I-like signaling pathway or more generally with an innate antiviral response (upregulated: BLEC3, CMPK2, IFIT5, OASL, DDX60, and IFI6; downregulated: SPIK5, SELENOP, HSPA2, TMEM158, RASD1, and YWHAB). The study provides a global analysis of host transcriptional changes that occur during CAstV infection in vivo and proves that, in the spleen, CAstV infection in chickens predominantly affects the cell cycle and immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Maciej Grzybek
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolina Tarasiuk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Barbara Marzec-Kotarska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, The Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Raji AA, Ideris A, Bejo MH, Omar AR. Molecular characterisation and pathogenicity of novel Malaysian chicken astrovirus isolates. Avian Pathol 2021; 51:51-65. [PMID: 34726999 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.2000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTChicken astrovirus (CAstV) has for over a decade been associated with runting stunting syndrome (RSS), severe kidney disease and visceral gout, and white chick syndrome (WCS). However, molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of the virus in day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks is scarce. This study focused on the characterisation of near-complete genome of three Malaysian CAstV isolates following virus propagation in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) and pathogenicity in day-old SPF chicks. The three isolates demonstrated unique features including a point mutation in their intergenic regions and an additional stem-loop II-like motif (s2 m) in ORF-2. Pairwise sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the ORF-2 amino acid of the three isolates revealed an identity share of 86 to 91% with group B CAstVs while forming a new subgroup in addition to the known four subgroups (Bi, Bii, Biii and Biv) that exhibit high identity of between 95 to 100% within the subgroups. In the pathogenicity study, birds in the infected and exposed sentinel groups exhibited lethargy and diarrhoea 3 days post-inoculation (dpi) that declined by 6 dpi and 20% growth retardation by 9 dpi. Mild lymphocytic aggregates in the duodenum, tubular degeneration and interstitial nephritis were observed in the intestines and kidneys, respectively, in both groups. In addition, the mean virus copy number of the cloacal swabs were log10 13.23 at 3 dpi and log10 9.04 at 6 dpi for the infected and exposed sentinels, respectively. The study suggests that the Malaysian isolates should be assigned to a new subgroup, Bv within group B CAstV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Abdullahi Raji
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecule, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecule, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecule, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecule, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Yin L, Zhou Q, Mai K, Huang J, Yan Z, Wei X, Shen H, Li Q, Chen L, Zhou Q. Isolation and characterization of a novel chicken astrovirus in China. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101363. [PMID: 34352410 PMCID: PMC8350400 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) is associated with kidney disease and visceral gout, runting and stunting syndrome, and white chick hatchery disease, causing economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, 55.6% of 36 clinical samples from Guangdong province in China were positive for CAstV, but negative for other common enteric viruses, including avian nephritis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl adenovirus Group I, Newcastle disease virus, chicken parvovirus, reovirus, and rotavirus by PCRs and RT-PCRs. A CAstV strain, named GD202013, was isolated from Guangdong province in south China, and was identified by CAstV RT-PCR. A whole genome sequence analysis demonstrated that GD202013 shares 76.0 to 88.1% identity with 24 reference strains in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis, based on whole genome and capsid protein, showed that GD202013 is more closely related to 2 US strains (GA2011/US/2011 and 4175/US/2011) belonging to subgroup Bii. Recombination analysis indicated that GD202013 is a recombinant strain formed by 3 strains: a major parent strain CkP5/US/2016, and 2 minor parent strains (GA2011/US/2011 and G059/PL/2014). In addition, the chicken embryo infection experiment demonstrated that GD202013 causes hatchability reduction, growth depression, and death of embryos. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the liver, kidney and small intestine were observed in the dead-in-shell embryos. This is the first report of the novel CAstV infection in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Kaijie Mai
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Xiaona Wei
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Hanqin Shen
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Qunhui Li
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Li Chen
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China.
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Munuswamy P, Ramakrishnan S, Latheef SK, Kappala D, Mariappan AK, Kaore M, Anbazhagan K, Puvvala B, Singh KP, Dhama K. First description of natural concomitant infection of avian nephritis virus and infectious bronchitis virus reveals exacerbated inflammatory response and renal damage in broiler chicks. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104830. [PMID: 33691178 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first report on spontaneous Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) concurrent infection in broiler chicks. On necropsy, the kidneys were found swollen with its parenchyma and ureters stuffed with urate flakes. Histopathologically, the renal tubular damage and inflammatory response were severe in concurrently infected birds compared to the cases infected only with ANV, which had direct correlation with significantly (p < 0.001) increased expression of IL-1 β, IL-4, IL-12, IL-13, iNOS and IFN-γ transcripts in the kidneys of concurrently infected birds. Relative decrease in IFN-β transcript levels in the concurrently infected birds indicates suppression of antiviral response; the iNOS level was manifold increased which can be attributed to the enhanced macrophage response. Nucleotide sequencing of S1-spike glycoprotein gene of IBV and RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene of ANV confirmed etiologies as Igacovirus of Gammacoronavirus and ANV-2 of Avastrovirus 2, respectively. Both ANV and IBV virus affect kidneys. Our findings suggested that concurrent infections of these two viruses might have enhanced the transcripts of Th1, Th2 and proinflammatory cytokines with reduced IFN-β transcripts resulting in decreased host innate antiviral mechanisms leading to exacerbated renal lesions. Future experimental co-infection studies could throw more lights on pathology and pathogenesis during concurrent infections of ANV and IBV in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivelu Munuswamy
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India.
| | - Saravanan Ramakrishnan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Deepthi Kappala
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P, 221005, India
| | - Asok Kumar Mariappan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Megha Kaore
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440006, India
| | - Karthikeyan Anbazhagan
- Department of Animal Genetic and Breeding, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, 605009, India
| | - Bhavani Puvvala
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, 605009, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243122, India
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Zhao W, Wu Z, Yao Y, Qin A, Qian K. The Isolation and Molecular Characterization of an Astrovirus From "Yellow" Chickens, China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:581862. [PMID: 33195598 PMCID: PMC7655128 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.581862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) infection is strongly associated with kidney disease, gout, “white chicks” hatchery disease, and runting and stunting syndrome (RSS). In the present study, 82.5% of 154 clinical samples from different provinces in China were positive for CAstV by RT-PCR. One CAstV isolate, designated as AAstV/Chicken/CHN/2017/NJ01, was successfully isolated from the small intestine of “Yellow” chickens using LMH cells. The genome sequence and structure analyses revealed that NJ1701 had the typical characteristics of avian astroviruses which was genetically distinct from other Avastrovirus. This isolate was classified as Group B subgroup i based on phylogenetic analysis of complete ORF2 (capsid) amino acid sequences. Meanwhile, growth depression and hatchability reduction were observed in the chicken embryo infection experiment. The results in the current study will contribute to our understanding of chicken astrovirus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zongyi Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & United Kingdom-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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9
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Tao LN, Liu ZH, Xu HL, Lu Y, Liao M, He F. LvYY1 Activates WSSV ie1 Promoter for Enhanced Vaccine Production and Efficacy. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E510. [PMID: 32911686 PMCID: PMC7563808 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has been used as a preferred platform for the production of recombinant protein complexes and efficacious vaccines. However, limited protein yield hinders the application of BEVS. It is well accepted that transcription enhancers are capable of increasing translational efficiency of mRNAs, thereby achieving better protein production. In this study, the ability of LvYY1 as a transcription enhancer was assessed. LvYY1 could interact with the WSSV ie1 promoter via binding to special DNA sites in BEVS. The effects of LvYY1 on protein expression mediated by WSSV ie1 promoter of BEVS was investigated using eGFP as a reporter gene. Enhanced eGFP expression was observed in Sf-9 cells with LvYY1. On this basis, a modified vector combining ie1 promoter and LvYY1 was developed to express either secreting CSFV E2 or baculovirus surface displayed H5 HA of AIVs. Compared to control groups without LvYY1, E2 protein yield increases to 1.6-fold, while H5 production improves as revealed by an upregulated hemagglutination titer of 8-fold at least. Moreover, with LvYY1, H5 displaying baculovirus driven by WSSV ie1 promoter (BV-LvYY1-ie1-HA) sustains the transduction activity in CEF cells. In chicken, BV-LvYY1-ie1-HA elicits a robust immune response against H5 AIVs in the absence of adjuvant, as indicated by specific antibody and cytokine responses. The findings suggest its potential function as both a vectored and subunit vaccine. These results demonstrate that the coexpression with LvYY1 serves as a promising strategy to extensively improve the efficiency of BEVS for efficacious vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Tao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-N.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (H.-L.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ze-Hui Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-N.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (H.-L.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hui-Ling Xu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-N.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (H.-L.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Lu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-N.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (H.-L.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Fang He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-N.T.); (Z.-H.L.); (H.-L.X.); (Y.L.)
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10
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Zhang X, Lei X, Ma L, Wu J, Bao E. Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of newly emerging avian reovirus from infected chickens with clinical arthritis in China. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5321-5329. [PMID: 31222278 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, emerging avian reovirus (ARV) strains causing viral arthritis have become a challenge to the worldwide chicken industry, and were responsible for significant economic losses. In this study, we characterized emerging variant ARV strains and examined their genetic relationship and pathogenicity variation with reference strains. A total of 18 emerging variant ARV strains were isolated from tendon and capsular synovial fluid of broiler chickens with clinical cases of arthritis/tenosynovitis at commercial farms in China. Comparative analysis based on σC sequence showed that 4/18 isolates were in the same cluster (Cluster 1) as vaccine strains (S1133), whereas 14 of 18 isolates were in Clusters 2, 3, and 6. The field isolates shared a rather low identity (38.1 to 81.9%) with S1133 in Cluster 1, especially for those from Cluster 6 (38.1 to 67.2%). A higher ARV isolation rate was observed in chicken embryos (47/61) compared to cell culture (37/61) through PCR with a detection primer. A total of 3 isolates were selected to infect specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, showing that the tested isolates, especially that from Cluster 6, displayed greater pathogenicity than S1133 strain, characterized by higher incidence. These findings suggest that the virulence of Chinese ARVs has been increasing rapidly in recent years, and the vaccine need to be updated correspondingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangdong Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Tianjin Ruipu Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Endong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,Tianjin Ruipu Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300350, China
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11
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Panigrahi S, Jindal N, Kumar P, Barua S, Kumar N, Riyesh T, Chander Y. Molecular characterization of chicken astroviruses in gout-affected commercial broiler chickens in Haryana, India. Virusdisease 2019; 30:551-561. [PMID: 31897418 PMCID: PMC6917690 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken astroviruses (CAstVs) infect young chicks and are associated with gastroenteritis, stunted growth or visceral gout (gout). True incidence and distribution of CAstVs as well as virus variants circulating in India is not well understood. In this study, 80 gout-affected broiler chicken flocks from Haryana, a north-western state of India, were tested for the presence of astroviruses by targeting the polymerase gene of both CAstV and avian nephritis virus (ANV) and capsid gene of CAstV. Of these, 22 (27.5%) flocks were found positive for CAstV, 7(8.75%) for ANV and 2 (2.5%) for both CAstV and ANV genome by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. CAstV was isolated by inoculating tissue (kidney) homogenate from gout-affected birds into specific-pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs where the infected embryos showed stunted growth with necrosis of liver and enlarged kidney with urate deposits. Capsid gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed the clustering of CAstV strains from this study with Indian strains of serogroup Biii suggesting their antigenic relatedness. Thus the present study reveals the presence of chicken astroviruses in broiler chickens affected with gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Panigrahi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Thachamvally Riyesh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Yogesh Chander
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
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12
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Long KE, Ouckama RM, Weisz A, Brash ML, Ojkić D. White Chick Syndrome Associated with Chicken Astrovirus in Ontario, Canada. Avian Dis 2019; 62:247-258. [PMID: 29944402 DOI: 10.1637/11802-012018-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-four cases of white chick syndrome (WCS) in broiler breeders producing affected progeny were reported from seven hatcheries in Ontario, Canada, between 2009 and 2016, with 43 of those originating from two hatcheries owned by a single company. WCS cases were identified by the presence of typical chicks in the hatchery that were generally weak with pale to white down, enlarged abdomens, and occasionally brown wiry fluff on the dorsum of the neck. Affected embryos and chicks had characteristic gross and histologic liver lesions, and livers were positive for chicken astrovirus (CAstV) RNA by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Affected broiler breeder flocks experienced egg production drops of 0% to 21% and hatchability drops of 0% to 68.4%. The amino acid sequence of the region encoding the capsid gene of WCS viruses demonstrated all Ontario CAstV to be in Group B, Subgroup Bii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Long
- A Maple Leaf Foods, 70 Heritage Drive, New Hamburg, Ontario, Canada N3A 2J4
| | - Rachel M Ouckama
- B Maple Lodge Hatcheries, 101 Fox Road, Port Hope, Ontario, Canada L1A 3V6
| | - Alexandru Weisz
- C Guelph Poultry Veterinary Services, 519 Maltby Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1L 1G3
| | - Marina L Brash
- D Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 6R8
| | - Davor Ojkić
- D Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 6R8
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13
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Nuñez LFN, Parra SHS, De la Torre D, Catroxo MH, Buim MR, Chacon RV, Ferreira CSA, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Isolation of avian nephritis virus from chickens showing enteric disorders. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3478-3488. [PMID: 30239960 PMCID: PMC6142861 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) is one of the diseases associated with many detected viruses. In Brazil, there were reports of several enteric disease outbreaks in chickens in which avian nephritis virus (ANV) was detected; however, the role of ANV in the outbreaks and whether the virus was a causative agent of these cases of enteric diseases were not determined. The aim of this study was to isolate ANV in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) from the enteric contents of chickens showing signs of RSS. For this purpose, 22 samples of chicken enteric contents that were positive only for ANV were inoculated into 7 and 14-day-old SPF-CEE via the yolk sac route and incubated for 5 d, with a total of 3 passages. Virus isolation was confirmed by the presence of embryo injuries, detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR, and visualization of viral particles using electron microscopy. Therefore, the 7-day-old inoculated embryos showed dwarfism, gelatinous consistency, hemorrhage, and edema in the embryos, whereas the 14-day-old did not show any alteration. Viral RNA was detected in the embryos of both ages of inoculation, and the same viral particles were visualized. The embryos from the mock group showed no alteration and were negative for all the tests. The viral cDNA was sequenced, and the molecular and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Brazilian isolates are more related with the ANV-1 serotype group; the sequences of these isolates showed a high percentage of nucleotide (86.4 to 94.9%) and amino acid (92.3 to 98.7%) similarity with other sequences from China, Japan, Australia, and the United States that belong to this serotype previously classified group. In this study, we isolated 8 samples of ANV in SPF-CEE from enteric content samples from chickens with RSS. In doing so, we showed the pathological injuries to the embryo caused by the virus and the molecular characterization of a part of the ORF 1b gene of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Central University of Ecuador, Quito EC170521, Ecuador
| | - Silvana H Santander Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David De la Torre
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Central University of Ecuador, Quito EC170521, Ecuador
| | - Marcia H Catroxo
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Center for Research and Development of Animal Health, Instituto Biológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Buim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Instituto Biológico, Av. Gaspar Ricardo, 1700, CEP 17690-000, Bastos, SP, Brazil, and
| | - Ruy V Chacon
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudete S Astolfi Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Hsieh MS, He JL, Wu TY, Juang RH. A secretary bi-cistronic baculovirus expression system with improved production of the HA1 protein of H6 influenza virus in insect cells and Spodoptera litura larvae. J Immunol Methods 2018; 459:81-89. [PMID: 29894745 PMCID: PMC7094261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A bi-cistronic baculovirus expression vector was constructed to facilitate the expression, detection, and isolation of the hemagglutinin (HA) fragment HA1 of H6N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) in an insect and a culture of its cells. In this construct, the GP67sp signal peptide promoted the secretion of the recombinant protein into the culture medium, and improved protein expression and purification. Enhanced green fluorescent protein, co-expressed through an internal ribosome entry site, served as a visible reporter for protein expression detection. The hemolymph of Spodoptera litura larvae infected with the bi-cistronic baculovirus was collected for the purification of the recombinant HA1, which was found to be glycosylated, and monomeric and trimeric forms of the recombinant HA1 were identified. Proteins expressed in both the cell culture and larvae served as effective subunit vaccines for the production of antiserum against HA. The antiserum recognized the H6 subtype of AIV but not the H5 subtype. HA1 of H6N1 influenza virus was expressed in insect and cell culture. The expressed HA1 was glycosylated, and estimated as monomeric and trimeric forms. The expressed HA1 served as an effective subunit vaccine for producing antisera. The antisera specifically recognized influenza H6 subtype but not the H5 subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Long He
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 320, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Huay Juang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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15
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Deol P, Kattoor JJ, Sircar S, Ghosh S, Bányai K, Dhama K, Malik YS. Avian Group D Rotaviruses: Structure, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Perspectives on Future Research Challenges. Pathogens 2017; 6:E53. [PMID: 29064408 PMCID: PMC5750577 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1981, a new virus (virus 132) was described for the first time with morphological and biochemical similarities to rotaviruses (RVs), but without antigenic similarity to any of the previously known rotavirus groups. Subsequently, it was re-designated as D/132, and formed a new serogroup among rotaviruses, the group D rotavirus (RVD). Since their identification, RVs are the leading cause of enteritis and diarrhea in humans and various animal species, and are also associated with abridged growth, particularly in avian species. Recently, RVD has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of runting and stunting syndrome (RSS), alongside other viruses such as reovirus, astrovirus, coronavirus, and others, all of which cause colossal economic losses to the poultry industry. RVD has been reported from several countries worldwide, and to date, only one complete genome sequence for RVD is available. Neither an immunodiagnostic nor a vaccine is available for the detection and prevention of RVD infection. Despite our growing understanding about this particular group, questions remain regarding its exact prevalence and pathogenecity, and the disease-associated annual losses for the poultry industry. Here, we describe the current knowledge about the identification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of RVD in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Deol
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Jobin Jose Kattoor
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungáriakrt. 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India.
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16
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Xue J, Han T, Xu M, Zhao J, Zhang G. The first serological investigation of Chicken astrovirus infection in China. Biologicals 2017; 47:22-24. [PMID: 28347631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) is associated with 'white chick' syndrome, which increases embryo mortality and reduces hatchability in chickens. In the present study, 1760 sera were collected from 21 provinces in China to detect antibodies directed against CAstV with an ELISA. The sera were from different varieties of chicken in 85 flocks and all the flocks produced positive reactions. The overall seroprevalence in the birds tested was 60.68%. The prevalence increased from 34.17% to 74.44% with the increase of age. The positivity rates in layer flocks, layer parent flocks, broiler flocks, broiler parent flocks, and domestic chicken flocks were 70.17%, 89.00%, 31.67%, 59.05%, and 45.79%, respectively. These data indicate that CAstV infections are very common in China. This is the first report of the seroprevalence of CAstV infections in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China; Beijing TianTech Co., Ltd, 100085 Beijing, China
| | - Meiyu Xu
- Diagnostic & Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China; Diagnostic & Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China.
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17
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Complete genome sequence analysis of chicken astrovirus isolate from India. Vet Res Commun 2016; 41:67-75. [PMID: 28012117 PMCID: PMC7088555 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-016-9673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Chicken astroviruses have been known to cause severe disease in chickens leading to increased mortality and “white chicks” condition. Here we aim to characterize the causative agent of visceral gout suspected for astrovirus infection in broiler breeder chickens. Methods Total RNA isolated from allantoic fluid of SPF embryo passaged with infected chicken sample was sequenced by whole genome shotgun sequencing using ion-torrent PGM platform. The sequence was analysed for the presence of coding and non-coding features, its similarity with reported isolates and epitope analysis of capsid structural protein. Results The consensus length of 7513 bp genome sequence of Indian isolate of chicken astrovirus was obtained after assembly of 14,121 high quality reads. The genome was comprised of 13 bp 5′-UTR, three open reading frames (ORFs) including ORF1a encoding serine protease, ORF1b encoding RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and ORF2 encoding capsid protein, and 298 bp of 3′-UTR which harboured two corona virus stem loop II like “s2m” motifs and a poly A stretch of 19 nucleotides. The genetic analysis of CAstV/INDIA/ANAND/2016 suggested highest sequence similarity of 86.94% with the chicken astrovirus isolate CAstV/GA2011 followed by 84.76% with CAstV/4175 and 74.48%% with CAstV/Poland/G059/2014 isolates. The capsid structural protein of CAstV/INDIA/ANAND/2016 showed 84.67% similarity with chicken astrovirus isolate CAstV/GA2011, 81.06% with CAstV/4175 and 41.18% with CAstV/Poland/G059/2014 isolates. However, the capsid protein sequence showed high degree of sequence identity at nucleotide level (98.64-99.32%) and at amino acids level (97.74–98.69%) with reported sequences of Indian isolates suggesting their common origin and limited sequence divergence. The epitope analysis by SVMTriP identified two unique epitopes in our isolate, seven shared epitopes among Indian isolates and two shared epitopes among all isolates except Poland isolate which carried all distinct epitopes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11259-016-9673-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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18
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Genetic and pathogenic characterisation of 11 avian reovirus isolates from northern China suggests continued evolution of virulence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35271. [PMID: 27752067 PMCID: PMC5067505 DOI: 10.1038/srep35271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) infections characterised by severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis, and depressed growth have become increasingly frequent in recent years. In this study, we isolated and identified 11 ARV field strains from chickens with viral arthritis and reduced growth in northern China. Comparative analysis of the σC nucleotide and amino acid sequences demonstrated that all isolates, except LN05 and JS01, were closely related to ARV S1133 and clustered in the first genetic lineage. LN05 and JS01 strains were clustered in the third lineage with the ARV 138 strain. Using S1133 as a reference, five isolates were selected to infect specific-pathogen-free chickens, and we found that the recent isolated Chinese ARV strains had higher replication ability in vivo and caused enhanced mortality than the S1133 strain. These findings suggest that the pathogenicity of Chinese ARVs has been changing in recent years and disease control may become more difficult. This study provides genetic and pathogenic characterisations of ARV strains isolated in northern China and calls for a sustained surveillance of ARV infection in China in order to support a better prevention and control of the disease.
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Nuñez LFN, Parra SHS, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Carranza C, Torre DIDL, Pedroso AC, Ferreira AJP. Detection of enteric viruses in pancreas and spleen of broilers with runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000700006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Enteric disease is a multifactorial problem in chickens, which causes gastrointestinal alterations, elevated feed conversions and impairment. In the last years, several enteric viruses were implicated in enteric disease; case reports have shown their presence alone or in concomitant infections during outbreaks and have suggested that they might be determining factors in the aetiology of enteric disease. This study shows high detection rates of enteric viruses in the pancreas and spleen in samples from an outbreak of enteritis and malabsorption in 16 chicken flocks (n=80 broilers). Avian nephritis virus (ANV) was the most ubiquitous virus, present in 75% of the flocks followed by avian rotavirus group A (ART-A) with 68.75%, and by chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and chicken parvovirus (ChPV) in 43.75% of samples. Viruses were present in the pancreas of positive flocks at extremely high rates: 100% for ART-A, 91.7% for ANV, 100% for CAstV and 57.14% for ChPV. By contrast, only 16.7% and 57.14% of intestine samples were positive for ANV and CAstV, respectively. Avian reovirus (AReo) and avian adenovirus group 1 (FAdV-1) were not detected. These results suggest that high viral detection rates in pancreas samples may be a result of viremia during enteric disease, with subsequent damage of the exocrine pancreas, leading to runting-stunting syndrome (RSS).
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20
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Nuñez LFN, Santander Parra SH, Carranza C, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Buim MR, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Detection and molecular characterization of chicken astrovirus associated with chicks that have an unusual condition known as "white chicks" in Brazil. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1262-70. [PMID: 26976903 PMCID: PMC7107173 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) is one of many viruses related to enteric diseases in poultry that are associated with Runting-Stunting Syndrome (RSS), which affects young chickens. CAstV was also recently associated with an unusual condition in chicks called “white chicks.” Some hatcheries in certain states of Brazil have reported several incubation problems, mortality, and the presence of chicks with white plumages over the past several months. These chicks were termed locally as “white chicks.” The present work investigated 30 chicks with this unusual condition using a multidisciplinary approach. Postmortem examination of each chick showed enlarged livers and intestines that were full of liquid and gas (30/30). The pancreas, kidneys, and spleen were pale (30/30). The other organs did not show any macroscopic alterations. CAstV, chicken parvovirus (ChPV), avian nephritis virus (ANV), avian rotavirus (ARtV), avian reovirus (AReoV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and fowl adenovirus group I (FAdV-1) were tested in the intestines, pancreas, proventriculus, gizzard, liver, spleen, bursa, kidneys, thymus, lung, heart, brain, and yolk sac in each chick. All organs and yolk sacs were positive for CAstV in different titres and negative for the other tested viruses. The partial molecular characterization of the ORF 1b gene of CAstV using 28 sequences revealed a high similarity of the nucleotides and amino acids with sequences of CAstV from North America, Europe, and Asia, and our CAstV sequences clustered into a unique group that was separate from the other sequences. These results demonstrated that CAstV was associated with the white chick condition in Brazil. The virus was distributed in most organs, including the brain and yolk sac. These results suggest that the virus could be transmitted vertically. The molecular characterization also revealed that the CAstV associated with white chick condition was molecularly related to other CAstV sequences found worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S H Santander Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Carranza
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Buim
- Biological Institute, Av. Gaspar Ricardo, 1700, CEP 17690-000, Bastos, SP, Brazil
| | - A J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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