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Terenzi DC, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Krishnaraj A, Puar P, Rotstein OD, Cosentino F, Goldenberg RM, Verma S, Hess DA. Restoration of blood vessel regeneration in the era of combination SGLT2i and GLP-1RA therapy for diabetes and obesity. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2858-2874. [PMID: 38367275 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic cardiovascular diseases, including peripheral and coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke, remain major comorbidities for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. During cardiometabolic chronic disease (CMCD), hyperglycaemia and excess adiposity elevate oxidative stress and promote endothelial damage, alongside an imbalance in circulating pro-vascular progenitor cells that mediate vascular repair. Individuals with CMCD demonstrate pro-vascular 'regenerative cell exhaustion' (RCE) characterized by excess pro-inflammatory granulocyte precursor mobilization into the circulation, monocyte polarization towards pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory phenotype, and decreased pro-vascular progenitor cell content, impairing the capacity for vessel repair. Remarkably, targeted treatment with the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin in subjects with T2D and coronary artery disease, and gastric bypass surgery in subjects with severe obesity, has been shown to partially reverse these RCE phenotypes. SGLT2is and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have reshaped the management of individuals with T2D and comorbid obesity. In addition to glucose-lowering action, both drug classes have been shown to induce weight loss and reduce mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in landmark clinical trials. Furthermore, both drug families also act to reduce systemic oxidative stress through altered activity of overlapping oxidase and antioxidant pathways, providing a putative mechanism to augment circulating pro-vascular progenitor cell content. As SGLT2i and GLP-1RA combination therapies are emerging as a novel therapeutic opportunity for individuals with poorly controlled hyperglycaemia, potential additive effects in the reduction of oxidative stress may also enhance vascular repair and further reduce the ischaemic cardiovascular comorbidities associated with T2D and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C Terenzi
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Stewart Building, 149 College Street, 5th floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solnavagen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Stewart Building, 149 College Street, 5th floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cells Biology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6H 0E8, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6H 0E8, Canada
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Alipanah-Moghadam R, Khodaei M, Aghamohammadi V, Malekzadeh V, Afrouz M, Nemati A, Zahedian H. Andrographolide induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in MSC-like cells isolated from rat bone marrow exposed to environmental stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149212. [PMID: 37944470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-like cells) are the most important stem cells that are used in transplantation clinically in various applications. The survival rate of MSC-like cells is strongly reduced due to adverse conditions in the microenvironment of transplantation, including environmental stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a member of the heat shock protein, as well as a stress-induced enzyme, present throughout the body. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of andrographolide, an active derivative from andrographolide paniculate, on HO-1 expression in mesenchymal stem cells derived from rat bone marrow. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-like cells) were extracted and proliferated in several passages. The identity of MSC-like cells was confirmed by morphological observations and differential tests. The flow cytometry method was used to verify the MSC-specific markers. Isolated MSC-like cells were treated with different concentrations of andrographolide and then exposed to environmental stress. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay. A real-time PCR technique was employed to evaluate the expression level of HO-1 in the treated MSC-like cells. RESULTS Isolated MSC-like cells demonstrated fibroblast-like morphology. These cells in different culture mediums differentiated into osteocytes and adipocytes and were identified using alizarin red and oil red staining, respectively. As well, MSC-like cells were verified by the detection of CD105 surface antigen and the absence of CD14 and CD45 antigens. The results of the MTT assay showed that the pre-treatment of MSC-like cells with andrographolide concentration independently increased the viability and resistance of these cells to environmental stress caused by hydrogen peroxide and serum deprivation (SD). Real-time PCR findings indicated a significant increase in HO-1 gene expression in the andrographolide-receiving groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that andrographolide creates a promising strategy for enhancing the quality of cell therapy by increasing the resistance of MSC-like cells to environmental stress and inducing the expression of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alipanah-Moghadam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Khodaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | | | - Vadoud Malekzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Afrouz
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran.
| | - Ali Nemati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hoda Zahedian
- Department of Deutsch-Sprachen, Volkshochschule, Gütersloh, Germany
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Mangione R, Pallisco R, Bilotta G, Marroni F, Di Pietro V, Capoccia E, Lazzarino G, Tavazzi B, Lazzarino G, Bilotta P, Amorini AM. Bilirubin Concentration in Follicular Fluid Is Increased in Infertile Females, Correlates with Decreased Antioxidant Levels and Increased Nitric Oxide Metabolites, and Negatively Affects Outcome Measures of In Vitro Fertilization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10707. [PMID: 37445884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that various low-molecular-weight compounds in follicular fluid (FF) samples of control fertile females (CFF) have different concentrations compared to those found in FF of infertile females (IF), before and after their categorization into different subgroups, according to their clinical diagnosis of infertility. Using the same FF samples of this previous study, we here analyzed the FF concentrations of free and bound bilirubin and compared the results obtained in CFF, IF and the different subgroups of IF (endometriosis, EM, polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS, age-related reduced ovarian reserve, AR-ROR, reduced ovarian reserve, ROR, genetic infertility, GI and unexplained infertility, UI). The results clearly indicated that CFF had lower values of free, bound and total bilirubin compared to the respective values measured in pooled IF. These differences were observed even when IF were categorized into EM, PCOS, AR-ROR, ROR, GI and UI, with EM and PCOS showing the highest values of free, bound and total bilirubin among the six subgroups. Using previous results of ascorbic acid, GSH and nitrite + nitrate measured in the same FF samples of the same FF donors, we found that total bilirubin in FF increased as a function of decreased values of ascorbic acid and GSH, and increased concentrations of nitrite + nitrate. The values of total bilirubin negatively correlated with the clinical parameters of fertilization procedures (number of retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, fertilized oocytes, blastocysts, high-quality blastocysts) and with clinical pregnancies and birth rates. Bilirubin concentrations in FF were not linked to those found in serum samples of FF donors, thereby strongly suggesting that its over production was due to higher activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the key enzyme responsible for bilirubin formation, in granulosa cells, or cumulus cells or oocytes of IF and ultimately leading to bilirubin accumulation in FF. Since increased activity of HO-1 is one of the main enzymatic intracellular mechanisms of defense towards external insults (oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation), and since we found correlations among bilirubin and oxidative/nitrosative stress in these FF samples, it may reasonably be supposed that bilirubin increase in FF of IF is the result of protracted exposures to the aforementioned insults evidently playing relevant roles in female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mangione
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Pallisco
- Laboratory of Andrology and Embriology, Alma Res Fertility Center, Via Parenzo 12, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bilotta
- Laboratory of Andrology and Embriology, Alma Res Fertility Center, Via Parenzo 12, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Marroni
- Laboratory of Andrology and Embriology, Alma Res Fertility Center, Via Parenzo 12, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Pietro
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elena Capoccia
- Laboratory of Andrology and Embriology, Alma Res Fertility Center, Via Parenzo 12, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- LTA-Biotech srl, Viale Don Orione 3D, 95047 Paternò, Italy
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Bilotta
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alma Res Fertility Center, Via Parenzo 12, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Gene Networks of Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Complications, and Human Proteins Targeted by SARS-CoV-2: What Is the Molecular Basis for Comorbidity? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137247. [PMID: 35806251 PMCID: PMC9266766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
People with diabetes are more likely to have severe COVID-19 compared to the general population. Moreover, diabetes and COVID-19 demonstrate a certain parallelism in the mechanisms and organ damage. In this work, we applied bioinformatics analysis of associative molecular networks to identify key molecules and pathophysiological processes that determine SARS-CoV-2-induced disorders in patients with diabetes. Using text-mining-based approaches and ANDSystem as a bioinformatics tool, we reconstructed and matched networks related to hyperglycemia, diabetic complications, insulin resistance, and beta cell dysfunction with networks of SARS-CoV-2-targeted proteins. The latter included SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors (ACE2 and DPP4), SARS-CoV-2 entry associated proteases (TMPRSS2, CTSB, and CTSL), and 332 human intracellular proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2. A number of genes/proteins targeted by SARS-CoV-2 (ACE2, BRD2, COMT, CTSB, CTSL, DNMT1, DPP4, ERP44, F2RL1, GDF15, GPX1, HDAC2, HMOX1, HYOU1, IDE, LOX, NUTF2, PCNT, PLAT, RAB10, RHOA, SCARB1, and SELENOS) were found in the networks of vascular diabetic complications and insulin resistance. According to the Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, the defined molecules are involved in the response to hypoxia, reactive oxygen species metabolism, immune and inflammatory response, regulation of angiogenesis, platelet degranulation, and other processes. The results expand the understanding of the molecular basis of diabetes and COVID-19 comorbidity.
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Song X, Jiang L, Zhang D, Wang X, Ma Y, Hu Y, Tang J, Li X, Huang W, Meng Y, Shi A, Feng Y, Zhang Y. Impact of short-term exposure to extreme temperatures on diabetes mellitus morbidity and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58035-58049. [PMID: 34105073 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between diabetes mellitus and short-term exposure to extreme temperatures remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the association between extreme temperatures and diabetes mellitus morbidity and mortality. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched since inception to January 1, 2019, and updated on November 17, 2020. The results were combined using random effects model and reported as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). In total, 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. (1) Both heat and cold exposures have impact on diabetes. (2) For heat exposure, the subgroup analysis revealed that the effect on diabetes mortality (RR=1.139, 95% CI: 1.089-1.192) was higher than morbidity (RR=1.012, 95% CI: 1.004-1.019). (3) With the increase of definition threshold, the impact of heat exposure on diabetes rose. (4) A stronger association between heat exposure and diabetes was observed in the elderly (≥ 60 years old) (RR=1.040, 95% CI: 1.017-1.064). In conclusion, short-term exposure to both heat and cold temperatures has impact on diabetes. The elderly is the vulnerable population of diabetes exposure to heat temperature. Developing definitions of heatwaves at the regional level are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Song
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liangzhen Jiang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Second Clinical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiayang Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenqiang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Anchen Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Gansu Province Hospital Rehabilitation Center, 53 Dingxi Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Sorrenti V, D’Amico AG, Barbagallo I, Consoli V, Grosso S, Vanella L. Tin Mesoporphyrin Selectively Reduces Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line A549 Proliferation by Interfering with Heme Oxygenase and Glutathione Systems. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060917. [PMID: 34205698 PMCID: PMC8235249 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to maintain redox homeostasis, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) increases the activation of many antioxidant systems, including the heme-oxygenase (HO) system. The overexpression of HO-1 has been often associated with chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness. Our results clearly showed an overexpression of the HO-1 protein in A549 NSCLC cell lines compared to that in non-cancerous cells. Thus, we hypothesized that "off-label" use of tin mesoporphyrin, a well-known HO activity inhibitor clinically used for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, has potential use as an anti-cancer agent. The pharmacological inhibition of HO activity caused a reduction in cell proliferation and migration of A549. SnMP treatment caused an increase in oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the depletion of glutathione (GSH) content. To support these data, Western blot analysis was performed to analyze glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), TP53-induced glycolysis and the apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit, as they represent the main regulators of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and glutathione synthesis, respectively. NCI-H292, a subtype of the NSCLC cell line, did not respond to SnMP treatment, possibly due to low basal levels of HO-1, suggesting a cellular-dependent antitumorigenic effect. Altogether, our results suggest HO activity inhibition may represent a potential target for selective chemotherapy in lung cancer subtypes.
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Shen HH, Alex R, Bellner L, Raffaele M, Licari M, Vanella L, Stec DE, Abraham NG. Milk thistle seed cold press oil attenuates markers of the metabolic syndrome in a mouse model of dietary-induced obesity. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13522. [PMID: 33047319 PMCID: PMC7770619 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Milk thistle cold press oil (MTO) is an herbal remedy derived from Silybum marianum which contains a low level of silymarin and mixture of polyphenols and flavonoids. The effect of MTO on the cardiovascular and metabolic complications of obesity was studied in mice that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks and treated with MTO for the final 8 weeks of the diet. MTO treatment attenuated HFD-induced obesity, fasting hyperglycemia, hypertension, and induced markers of mitochondrial fusion and browning of white adipose. Markers of inflammation were also attenuated in both adipose and the liver of MTO-treated mice. In addition, MTO resulted in the improvement of liver fibrosis. These results demonstrate that MTO has beneficial actions to attenuate dietary obesity-induced weight gain, hyperglycemia, hypertension, inflammation, and suggest that MTO supplementation may prove beneficial to patients exhibiting symptoms of metabolic syndrome. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Natural supplements are increasingly being considered as potential therapies for many chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Milk thistle cold press oil (MTO) is derived from Silybum marianum which is used as a dietary supplement in different parts of the world. The results of the present study demonstrate that MTO supplementation normalizes several metabolic and cardiovascular complications arising from dietary-induced obesity. MTO supplementation also had anti-inflammatory actions in the adipose as well as the liver. These results suggest that supplementation of MTO into the diet of obese individuals may afford protection against the worsening of cardiovascular and metabolic disease and improve inflammation and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsueh Shen
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ragin Alex
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Lars Bellner
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Marco Raffaele
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Licari
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Bublitz K, Böckmann S, Peters K, Hinz B. Cannabinoid-Induced Autophagy and Heme Oxygenase-1 Determine the Fate of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Stressful Conditions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102298. [PMID: 33076330 PMCID: PMC7602569 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) represents a promising therapeutic option after myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction. However, their potential is reduced due to the high post-transplant cell mortality probably caused by oxidative stress and mitogen-deficient microenvironments. To identify protection strategies for ADMSCs, this study investigated the influence of the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) and the endocannabinoid analogue R(+)-methanandamide (MA) on the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and autophagy under serum-free conditions. At a concentration of 3 µM, CBD induced an upregulation of HO-1 mRNA and protein within 6 h, whereas for MA only a late and comparatively lower increase in the HO-1 protein could be detected after 48 h. In addition, both cannabinoids induced time- and concentration-dependent increases in LC3A/B-II protein, a marker of autophagy, and in metabolic activity. A participation of several cannabinoid-binding receptors in the effect on metabolic activity and HO-1 was excluded. Similarly, knockdown of HO-1 by siRNA or inhibition of HO-1 activity by tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPPIX) had no effect on CBD-induced autophagy and metabolic activity. On the other hand, the inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 led to a significant decrease in cannabinoid-induced metabolic activity and to an increase in apoptosis. Under these circumstances, a significant induction of HO-1 expression after 24 h could also be demonstrated for MA. Remarkably, inhibition of HO-1 by SnPPIX under conditions of autophagy deficit led to a significant reversal of apoptosis in cannabinoid-treated cells. In conclusion, the investigated cannabinoids increase metabolic viability of ADMSCs under serum-free conditions by inducing HO-1-independent autophagy but contribute to apoptosis under conditions of additional autophagy deficit via an HO-1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bublitz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Sabine Böckmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Kirsten Peters
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, D-18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.B.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-494-5770
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Biliverdin Reductase A (BVRA) Knockout in Adipocytes Induces Hypertrophy and Reduces Mitochondria in White Fat of Obese Mice. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030387. [PMID: 32131495 PMCID: PMC7175174 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase (BVR) is an enzymatic and signaling protein that has multifaceted roles in physiological systems. Despite the wealth of knowledge about BVR, no data exist regarding its actions in adipocytes. Here, we generated an adipose-specific deletion of biliverdin reductase-A (BVRA) (BlvraFatKO) in mice to determine the function of BVRA in adipocytes and how it may impact adipose tissue expansion. The BlvraFatKO and littermate control (BlvraFlox) mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly and body composition, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were quantitated at the end of the 12 weeks. The data showed that the percent body fat and body weights did not differ between the groups; however, BlvraFatKO mice had significantly higher visceral fat as compared to the BlvraFlox. The loss of adipocyte BVRA decreased the mitochondrial number in white adipose tissue (WAT), and increased inflammation and adipocyte size, but this was not observed in brown adipose tissue (BAT). There were genes significantly reduced in WAT that induce the browning effect such as Ppara and Adrb3, indicating that BVRA improves mitochondria function and beige-type white adipocytes. The BlvraFatKO mice also had significantly higher fasting blood glucose levels and no changes in plasma insulin levels, which is indicative of decreased insulin signaling in WAT, as evidenced by reduced levels of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and Glut4 mRNA. These results demonstrate the essential role of BVRA in WAT in insulin signaling and adipocyte hypertrophy.
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Signorelli SS, Vanella L, Abraham NG, Scuto S, Marino E, Rocic P. Pathophysiology of chronic peripheral ischemia: new perspectives. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622319894466. [PMID: 32076496 PMCID: PMC7003198 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319894466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects individuals particularly over 65 years old in the more advanced countries. Hemodynamic, inflammatory, and oxidative mechanisms interact in the pathophysiological scenario of this chronic arterial disease. We discuss the hemodynamic, muscle tissue, and oxidative stress (OxS) conditions related to chronic ischemia of the peripheral arteries. This review summarizes the results of evaluating both metabolic and oxidative markers, and also therapy to counteract OxS. In conclusion, we believe different pathways should be highlighted to discover new drugs to treat patients suffering from PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Santo Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, University Hospital ‘G. Rodolico’, Catania, 95124, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Gastroenterology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Salvatore Scuto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elisa Marino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Petra Rocic
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Gastroenterology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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11
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Carota G, Raffaele M, Sorrenti V, Salerno L, Pittalà V, Intagliata S. Ginseng and heme oxygenase-1: The link between an old herb and a new protective system. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104370. [PMID: 31629872 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng is an ancient herb, belonging to Asian traditional medicine, that has been considered as a restorative to enhance vitality for centuries. It has been demonstrated that the antioxidant action of ginseng may be mediated through activation of different cellular signaling pathways involving the heme oxygenase (HO) system. Several compounds derived from ginseng have been studied for their potential role in brain, heart and liver protection, and the Nrf2 pathway seems to be the most affected by these natural molecules to exert this effect. Ginseng is also popularly used in cancer patients therapy for the demonstrated capability to defend tissues from chemotherapy-induced damage. Reported results suggest that the effect of ginseng is primarily associated with ROS scavenging, mainly exerted through the activation of Nrf2 pathway, and the consequent induction of HO-1 levels. This review aims to discuss the connection between the antioxidant properties of ginseng and the activation of the HO system, as well as to outline novel therapeutic applications of this medicinal plant to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Science, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Science, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Drug Science, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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12
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Gordon DM, Adeosun SO, Ngwudike SI, Anderson CD, Hall JE, Hinds TD, Stec DE. CRISPR Cas9-mediated deletion of biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) in mouse liver cells induces oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 672:108072. [PMID: 31422074 PMCID: PMC6718297 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the predominant cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. NAFLD includes a spectrum of pathologies that starts with simple steatosis, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with the commission of other factors such as the enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) reduces biliverdin to the antioxidant bilirubin, which may serve to prevent NAFLD, and possibly the progression to NASH. To further understand the role of BVRA in hepatic function, we used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to target the Blvra gene in the murine hepa1c1c7 hepatocyte cell line (BVRA KO). BVRA activity and protein levels were significantly lower in BVRA KO vs. wild-type (WT) hepatocytes. Lipid accumulation under basal and serum-starved conditions was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BVRA KO vs. WT cells. The loss of BVRA resulted in the reduction of mitochondria number, decreased expression of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, uncoupling, oxidation, and fusion, which paralleled reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption. BVRA KO cells exhibited increased levels of ROS generation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase mRNA expression. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a critical role for BVRA in protecting against lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in hepatocytes, which may serve as a future therapeutic target for NAFLD and its progression to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Gordon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Samuel O Adeosun
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, USA
| | | | - Christopher D Anderson
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, USA.
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13
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Raffaele M, Carota G, Sferrazzo G, Licari M, Barbagallo I, Sorrenti V, Signorelli SS, Vanella L. Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase Antioxidant Activity Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080277. [PMID: 31387260 PMCID: PMC6719023 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the development of hepatic fibrosis is caused by changes in redox balance, leading to an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NAFLD patients are at risk of progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), associated to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), coronary heart disease and stroke. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a potent endogenous antioxidant gene that plays a key role in decreasing oxidative stress. The present work was directed to determine whether use of an inhibitor of HO-1 activity affects lipid metabolism and fibrosis process in hepatic cells. Oil Red assay and mRNA analysis were used to evaluate the triglycerides content and the lipid metabolism pathway in HepG2 cells. ROS measurement, RT-PCR and Soluble collagen assay were used to assess the intracellular oxidant, the fibrosis pathway and the soluble collagen in LX2 cells. The activity of HO-1 was inhibited using Tin Mesoporphyrin IX (SnMP). Our study demonstrates that a non-functional HO system results in an increased lipid storage and collagen release in hepatocytes. Consequently, an increase of HO-1 levels may provide a therapeutic approach to address the metabolic alterations associated with NAFLD and its progression to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sferrazzo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Licari
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore S Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Therapeutic Effects of Intravenous Injection of Fresh and Frozen Thawed HO-1-Overexpressed Ad-MSCs in Dogs with Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8537541. [PMID: 31481975 PMCID: PMC6701425 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8537541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), HO-1-expressing canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) could be efficacious in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). Further, frozen thawed HO-1 Ad-MSCs could be instantly available as an emergency treatment for SCI. We compared the effects of intravenous treatment with freshly cultured HO-1 Ad-MSCs (HO-1 MSCs), only green fluorescent protein-expressing Ad-MSCs (GFP MSCs), and frozen thawed HO-1 Ad-MSCs (FT-HO-1 MSCs) in dogs with acute SCI. For four weeks, dogs were evaluated for improvement in hind limb locomotion using a canine Basso Beattie Bresnahan (cBBB) score. Upon completion of the study, injured spinal cord segments were harvested and used for western blot and histopathological analyses. All cell types had migrated to the injured spinal cord segment. The group that received HO-1 MSCs showed significant improvement in the cBBB score within four weeks. This group also showed significantly higher expression of NF-M and reduced astrogliosis. There was reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and increased expression of anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, HO-1) in the HO-1 MSC group. Histopathological assessment revealed decreased fibrosis at the epicenter of the lesion and increased myelination in the HO-1 MSC group. Together, these data suggest that HO-1 MSCs could improve hind limb function by increasing the anti-inflammatory reaction, leading to neural sparing. Further, we found similar results between GFP MSCs and FT-HO-1 MSCs, which suggest that FT-HO-1 MSCs could be used as an emergency treatment for SCI.
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15
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Drummond HA, Mitchell ZL, Abraham NG, Stec DE. Targeting Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060181. [PMID: 31216709 PMCID: PMC6617021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) plays an important role in the cardiovascular system. It is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in all organs of the cardiovascular system. From the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to the adaptive response to end-organ injury, HO plays a critical role in the ability of the cardiovascular system to respond and adapt to changes in homeostasis. There have been great advances in our understanding of the role of HO in the regulation of blood pressure and target organ injury in the last decade. Results from these studies demonstrate that targeting of the HO system could provide novel therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of several cardiovascular and renal diseases. The goal of this review is to highlight the important role of HO in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal function and protection from disease and to highlight areas in which targeting of the HO system needs to be translated to help benefit patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Drummond
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI 39216, USA.
| | - Zachary L Mitchell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI 39216, USA.
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Vahalla, NY 10595, USA.
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, VA 25701, USA.
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI 39216, USA.
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16
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Raffaele M, Pittalà V, Zingales V, Barbagallo I, Salerno L, Li Volti G, Romeo G, Carota G, Sorrenti V, Vanella L. Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibition Sensitizes Human Prostate Cancer Cells towards Glucose Deprivation and Metformin-Mediated Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102593. [PMID: 31137785 PMCID: PMC6566853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 have been frequently reported in different human cancers, playing a major role in drug resistance and regulation of cancer cell redox homeostasis. Metformin (MET), a drug widely used for type 2 diabetes, has recently gained interest for treating several cancers. Recent studies indicated that the anti-proliferative effects of metformin in cancer cells are highly dependent on glucose concentration. The present work was directed to determine whether use of a specific inhibitor of HO-1 activity, alone or in combination with metformin, affected metastatic prostate cancer cell viability under different concentrations of glucose. MTT assay and the xCELLigence system were used to evaluate cell viability and cell proliferation in DU145 human prostate cancer cells. Cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species were analyzed by flow cytometry. The activity of HO-1 was inhibited using a selective imidazole-based inhibitor; genes associated with antioxidant systems and cell death were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Our study demonstrates that metformin suppressed prostate cancer growth in vitro and increased oxidative stress. Disrupting the antioxidant HO-1 activity, especially under low glucose concentration, could be an attractive approach to potentiate metformin antineoplastic effects and could provide a biochemical basis for developing HO-1-targeting drugs against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Science, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Veronica Zingales
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Science, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug Science, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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17
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Protective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) and Novel Cape Analogue as Inducers of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102441. [PMID: 31108850 PMCID: PMC6567686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting in the destruction of insulin producing β-cells of the pancreas, with consequent insulin deficiency and excessive glucose production. Hyperglycemia results in increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) with consequent oxidative/nitrosative stress and tissue damage. Oxidative damage of the pancreatic tissue may contribute to endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the potentially protective effects of phenethyl ester of caffeic acid (CAPE), a natural phenolic compound occurring in a variety of plants and derived from honeybee hive propolis, and of a novel CAPE analogue, as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducers, could reduce pancreatic oxidative damage induced by excessive amount of glucose, affecting the nitric oxide synthase/dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (NOS/DDAH) pathway in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Our data demonstrated that inducible nitric oxide synthase/gamma-Glutamyl-cysteine ligase (iNOS/GGCL) and DDAH dysregulation may play a key role in high glucose mediated oxidative stress, whereas HO-1 inducers such as CAPE or its more potent derivatives may be useful in diabetes and other stress-induced pathological conditions.
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18
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The Role of Heme Oxygenase 1 in the Protective Effect of Caloric Restriction against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102427. [PMID: 31100876 PMCID: PMC6566501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) leads to cardiomyopathy characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis, all of which are exacerbated by angiotensin II (AT). SIRT1 and its transcriptional coactivator target PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) modulates mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant protection. We have previously shown the beneficial effect of caloric restriction (CR) on diabetic cardiomyopathy through intracellular signaling pathways involving the SIRT1–PGC-1α axis. In the current study, we examined the role of HO-1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice subjected to CR. Methods: Cardiomyopathy was induced in obese diabetic (db/db) mice by AT infusion. Mice were either fed ad libitum or subjected to CR. In an in vitro study, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined in cardiomyocytes exposed to different glucose levels (7.5–33 mM). We examined the effects of Sn(tin)-mesoporphyrin (SnMP), which is an inhibitor of HO activity, the HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), and the SIRT1 inhibitor (EX-527) on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Results: Diabetic mice had low levels of HO-1 and elevated levels of the oxidative marker malondialdehyde (MDA). CR attenuated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), increased HO-1 levels, and decreased MDA levels. SnMP abolished the protective effects of CR and caused pronounced LVH and cardiac metabolic dysfunction represented by suppressed levels of adiponectin, SIRT1, PPARγ, PGC-1α, and increased MDA. High glucose (33 mM) increased ROS in cultured cardiomyocytes, while SnMP reduced SIRT1, PGC-1α levels, and HO activity. Similarly, SIRT1 inhibition led to a reduction in PGC-1α and HO-1 levels. CoPP increased HO-1 protein levels and activity, SIRT1, and PGC-1α levels, and decreased ROS production, suggesting a positive feedback between SIRT1 and HO-1. Conclusion: These results establish a link between SIRT1, PGC-1α, and HO-1 signaling that leads to the attenuation of ROS production and diabetic cardiomyopathy. CoPP mimicked the beneficial effect of CR, while SnMP increased oxidative stress, aggravating cardiac hypertrophy. The data suggest that increasing HO-1 levels constitutes a novel therapeutic approach to protect the diabetic heart. Brief Summary: CR attenuates cardiomyopathy, and increases HO-1, SIRT activity, and PGC-1α protein levels in diabetic mice. High glucose reduces adiponectin, SIRT1, PGC1-1α, and HO-1 levels in cardiomyocytes, resulting in oxidative stress. The pharmacological activation of HO-1 activity mimics the effect of CR, while SnMP increased oxidative stress and cardiac hypertrophy. These data suggest the critical role of HO-1 in protecting the diabetic heart.
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Gordon DM, Blomquist TM, Miruzzi SA, McCullumsmith R, Stec DE, Hinds TD. RNA sequencing in human HepG2 hepatocytes reveals PPAR-α mediates transcriptome responsiveness of bilirubin. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:234-240. [PMID: 31074682 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant that reduces inflammation and the accumulation of fat. There have been reports of gene responses to bilirubin, which was mostly attributed to its antioxidant function. Using RNA sequencing, we found that biliverdin, which is rapidly reduced to bilirubin, induced transcriptome responses in human HepG2 hepatocytes in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α-dependent fashion (398 genes with >2-fold change; false discovery rate P < 0.05). For comparison, a much narrower set of genes demonstrated differential expression when PPAR-α was suppressed via lentiviral shRNA knockdown (23 genes). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed the bilirubin-PPAR-α transcriptome mediates pathways for oxidation-reduction processes, mitochondrial function, response to nutrients, fatty acid oxidation, and lipid homeostasis. Together, these findings suggest that transcriptome responses from the generation of bilirubin are mostly PPAR-α dependent, and its antioxidant function regulates a smaller set of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Gordon
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Thomas M Blomquist
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Scott A Miruzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Robert McCullumsmith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio
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Mahmoud M, Abu-Shahba N, Azmy O, El-Badri N. Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Biology and Functionality: Implications for Autologous Transplantation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 15:194-217. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Oh JY, Choi GE, Lee HJ, Jung YH, Chae CW, Kim JS, Lee CK, Han HJ. 17β-Estradiol protects mesenchymal stem cells against high glucose-induced mitochondrial oxidants production via Nrf2/Sirt3/MnSOD signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:328-342. [PMID: 30412732 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) is an important regulator of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism, thus making it a potential target for preventing or treating metabolic disorders. However, the exact mechanism by which E2 affects high glucose-induced oxidative stress remains unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of E2 in high glucose-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production through estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated signaling in human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) in vitro. In addition, the effect of hUCB-MSC transplantation on mouse skin wound healing induced by E2 in ovariectomized (OVX) diabetic mice in vivo was also studied. High glucose (D-glucose, 25 mM) increased mtROS production, resulting in increase of Beclin1 expression and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, leading to decreased cell viability. Conversely, E2 (10 nM) treatment significantly decreased high glucose-induced mtROS levels and subsequently restored cell viability, suggesting that E2 serves as a strong antioxidant. High glucose downregulated Nrf2 levels in nucleus, subsequently culminating in Sirt3 downregulation and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) acetylation. However, we found that E2 induces nuclear Nrf2 expression via interaction with ERα. The increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 triggered Sirt3 upregulation and MnSOD activation, both of which play important roles in decreasing mtROS levels. Thus, the therapeutic effect of hUCB-MSC transplantation on skin wound healing in OVX diabetic mice was enhanced by E2 treatment compared with the findings in OVX diabetic mice treated only with hUCB-MSCs. In addition, blood vessels with well-developed branches were observed in OVX diabetic mice that underwent hUCB-MSC transplantation and E2 treatment compared with the effects of ERα siRNA-transfected hUCB-MSC transplantation alone. In conclusion, our results imply that E2 protects cells against high glucose-induced mtROS production and autophagic cell death through increasing nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which was followed by Sirt3 upregulation and MnSOD activation in hUCB-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Gangwon do 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Peng BY, Dubey NK, Mishra VK, Tsai FC, Dubey R, Deng WP, Wei HJ. Addressing Stem Cell Therapeutic Approaches in Pathobiology of Diabetes and Its Complications. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7806435. [PMID: 30046616 PMCID: PMC6036791 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7806435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the human population is a serious threat which needs to be addressed cautiously. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are most prevalent forms. Disruption in insulin regulation and resistance leads to increased formation and accumulation of advanced end products (AGEs), which further enhance oxidative and nitrosative stress leading to microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular complications. These complications affect the normal function of organ and tissues and may cause life-threatening disorders, if hyperglycemia persists and improperly controlled. Current and traditional treatment procedures are only focused on to regulate the insulin level and do not cure the diabetic complications. Pancreatic transplantation seemed a viable alternative; however, it is limited due to lack of donors. Cell-based therapy such as stem cells is considered as a promising therapeutic agent against DM and diabetic complications owing to their multilineage differentiation and regeneration potential. Previous studies have demonstrated the various impacts of both pluripotent and multipotent stem cells on DM and its micro- and macrovascular complications. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential of stem cells to treat DM and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bou-Yue Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Viraj Krishna Mishra
- Applied Biotech Engineering Centre (ABEC), Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala, India
| | - Feng-Chou Tsai
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Cosmetic Clinic Group, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
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23
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Ali MAM, Heeba GH, El-Sheikh AAK. Modulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression and activity affects streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 31:546-557. [PMID: 28543864 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 has exhibited nephro-protective actions in different animal models; however, its full mechanistic potential in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not yet been elucidated. Hence, the present study has been undertaken by inducing DN in rats using streptozotocin (50 mg/kg i.p.), with or without either HO-1 inducer; hemin (HM; 40 μmol/kg, s.c.), or HO-1 blocker; zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPP; 50 μmol/kg, i.p.), for one month. Compared to control, rats with DN suffered from hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, with signs of renal damage, as assessed by distortion in renal histopathologic architecture and kidney function. Renal oxidative/nitrosative stress was evident by increased malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, with decreased reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. DN group also exhibited high renal expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine; tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the apoptotic marker; caspase 3, assessed by Western blot. Renal HO-1 protein expression and activity were increased in DN rats compared to control. Administration of HM, but not ZnPP, to DN rats improved kidney function, histopathologic features, lipid profile, TNF-α, and caspase 3 expressions, with no effect on blood glucose level. HM increased, while ZnPP decreased renal HO-1 activity in DN rats. It is noteworthy that neither intervention affected HO-1 activity or renal oxidative capacity in non-diabetic rats. Interestingly, the expression of HO-1 was upregulated by both HM and ZnPP in DN rats. In conclusion, activation of HO-1 via HM ameliorated renal damage in STZ-induced DN in rats, probably through antioxidant, anti-nitrosative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A M Ali
- El-Fekrya Central Hospital, Minia Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Gehan H Heeba
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61511, Minia, Egypt
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511, Minia, Egypt.,Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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