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Zeng Y, Gao Y, He L, Ge W, Wang X, Ma T, Xie X. Smart delivery vehicles for cancer: categories, unique roles and therapeutic strategies. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:4275-4308. [PMID: 39170969 PMCID: PMC11334973 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy and surgery remain the primary treatment modalities for cancers; however, these techniques have drawbacks, such as cancer recurrence and toxic side effects, necessitating more efficient cancer treatment strategies. Recent advancements in research and medical technology have provided novel insights and expanded our understanding of cancer development; consequently, scholars have investigated several delivery vehicles for cancer therapy to improve the efficiency of cancer treatment and patient outcomes. Herein, we summarize several types of smart therapeutic carriers and elaborate on the mechanism underlying drug delivery. We reveal the advantages of smart therapeutic carriers for cancer treatment, focus on their effectiveness in cancer immunotherapy, and discuss the application of smart cancer therapy vehicles in combination with other emerging therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Finally, we summarize the bottlenecks encountered in the development of smart cancer therapeutic vehicles and suggest directions for future research. This review will promote progress in smart cancer therapy and facilitate related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011 P. R. China
| | - Yijun Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011 P. R. China
| | - Liming He
- Department of Stomatology, Changsha Stomatological Hospital Changsha 410004 P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Ge
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011 P. R. China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011 P. R. China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011 P. R. China
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Wang L, Wang W, Hu D, Liang Y, Liu Z, Zhong T, Wang X. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles regulate macrophage polarization: role and therapeutic perspectives. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346587. [PMID: 38690261 PMCID: PMC11058222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important cell-to-cell communication mediators. This paper focuses on the regulatory role of tumor-derived EVs on macrophages. It aims to investigate the causes of tumor progression and therapeutic directions. Tumor-derived EVs can cause macrophages to shift to M1 or M2 phenotypes. This indicates they can alter the M1/M2 cell ratio and have pro-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. This paper discusses several key points: first, the factors that stimulate macrophage polarization and the cytokines released as a result; second, an overview of EVs and the methods used to isolate them; third, how EVs from various cancer cell sources, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and glioblastoma cell sources carcinoma, promote tumor development by inducing M2 polarization in macrophages; and fourth, how EVs from breast carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, lungs carcinoma, and glioblastoma cell sources carcinoma also contribute to tumor development by promoting M2 polarization in macrophages. Modified or sourced EVs from breast, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer can repolarize M2 to M1 macrophages. This exhibits anti-tumor activities and offers novel approaches for tumor treatment. Therefore, we discovered that macrophage polarization to either M1 or M2 phenotypes can regulate tumor development. This is based on the description of altering macrophage phenotypes by vesicle contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Die Hu
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhanyu Liu
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Ma X, Yang R, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Li X. Role of exosomes in the communication and treatment between OSCC and normal cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28148. [PMID: 38560136 PMCID: PMC10981056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent cancer that needs new therapeutic targets due to the poor postoperative prognosis in patients. Exosomes are currently one of important research areas owing to their unique properties. Exosomes are capable of acting as drug transporters, as well as facilitating interactions between OSCC and normal cells. Exosomes can be detected in body fluids such as blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and bile. When exosomes are released from donor cells, they can carry various bioactive molecules to recipient cells, where these molecules participate in biological processes. This review highlights the mechanisms of exosome transfer between normal and OSCC cells. Exosomes isolated from donor OSCC cells can carry circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) and play a role in signaling processes in the recipient OSCC cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and macrophages. Exosomes secreted by carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, and stem cells can also enter the recipient OSCC cells and modulate signaling events in these cells. Exosomes isolated from OSCC plasma, serum, and saliva are also associated with OSCC prognosis. Furthermore, while exosomes were shown to be associated with chemotherapy resistance in OSCC, they can also be used for drug delivery during OSCC treatment. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms and functions of exosomes from different cell sources in OSCC cells, providing a basis for diagnosis and prognosis prediction in OSCC patients, and offering guidance for the design of molecular targets carried by exosomes in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ruisi Yang
- Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
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ZHOU Y, REN D, BI H, YI B, ZHANG C, WANG H, SUN J. [Tumor-associated Macrophage:
Emerging Targets for Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2024; 27:231-240. [PMID: 38590197 PMCID: PMC11002190 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.102.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) play a crucial role in the immune microenvironment of lung cancer. Through changes in their phenotype and phagocytic functions, TAM contribute to the initiation and progression of lung cancer. By promoting the formation of an immune-suppressive microenvironment and accelerating the growth of abnormal tumor vasculature, TAM facilitate the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. Macrophages can polarize into different subtypes with distinct functions and characteristics in response to various stimuli, categorized as anti-tumor M1 and pro-tumor M2 types. In tumor tissues, TAM typically polarize into the alternatively activated M2 phenotype, exhibiting inhibitory effects on tumor immunity. This article reviews the role of anti-angiogenic drugs in modulating TAM phenotypes, highlighting their potential to reprogram M2-type TAM into an anti-tumor M1 phenotype. Additionally, the functional alterations of TAM play a significant role in anti-angiogenic therapy and immunotherapy strategies. In summary, the regulation of TAM polarization and function opens up new avenues for lung cancer treatment and may serve as a novel target for modulating the immune microenvironment of tumors.
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Luckett T, Abudula M, Ireland L, Glenn M, Bellomo G, Stafferton R, Halloran C, Ghaneh P, Jones R, Schmid MC, Mielgo A. Mesothelin Secretion by Pancreatic Cancer Cells Co-opts Macrophages and Promotes Metastasis. Cancer Res 2024; 84:527-544. [PMID: 38356443 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic disease, yet effective treatments to inhibit PDAC metastasis are lacking. The rich PDAC tumor microenvironment plays a major role in disease progression. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cell population in PDAC tumors and can acquire a range of functions that either hinder or promote tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we identified that mesothelin secretion by pancreatic cancer cells co-opts macrophages to support tumor growth and metastasis of cancer cells to the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes. Mechanistically, secretion of high levels of mesothelin by metastatic cancer cells induced the expression of VEGF alpha (VEGFA) and S100A9 in macrophages. Macrophage-derived VEGFA fed back to cancer cells to support tumor growth, and S100A9 increased neutrophil lung infiltration and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. These results reveal a role for mesothelin in regulating macrophage functions and interaction with neutrophils to support PDAC metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE Mesothelin secretion by cancer cells supports pancreatic cancer metastasis by inducing macrophage secretion of VEGFA and S100A9 to support cancer cell proliferation and survival, recruit neutrophils, and stimulate neutrophil extracellular trap formation. See related commentary by Alewine, p. 513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teifion Luckett
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maidinaimu Abudula
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ireland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Glenn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Bellomo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Stafferton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Halloran
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Ghaneh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Jones
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liverpool University Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Miari KE, Williams MTS. Stromal bone marrow fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells support acute myeloid leukaemia cells and promote therapy resistance. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:216-237. [PMID: 36609915 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is the primary site of adult haematopoiesis, where stromal elements (e.g. fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) work in concert to support blood cell development. However, the establishment of an abnormal clone can lead to a blood malignancy, such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Despite our increased understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, patient survival remains suboptimal, mainly driven by the development of therapy resistance. In this review, we highlight the importance of bone marrow fibroblasts and MSCs in health and acute myeloid leukaemia and their impact on patient prognosis. We discuss how stromal elements reduce the killing effects of therapies via a combination of contact-dependent (e.g. integrins) and contact-independent (i.e. secreted factors) mechanisms, accompanied by the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Importantly, we underline the challenges of therapeutically targeting the bone marrow stroma to improve acute myeloid leukaemia patient outcomes, due to the inherent heterogeneity of stromal cell populations. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina E Miari
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark T S Williams
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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Li F, Chen H, Lu X, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Fu J, Xiao X, Bu H. Combining the tumor-stroma ratio with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes improves the prediction of pathological complete response in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 202:173-183. [PMID: 37528265 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) is a common histological parameter that measures stromal abundance and is prognostic in breast cancer (BC). However, more evidence is needed on the predictive value of the TSR for the pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of the TSR in predicting pCR in NAC settings. METHOD We evaluated the TSR on pretreatment biopsies of 912 BC patients from four independent Chinese hospitals and investigated the potential value of the TSR for predicting pCR. Meanwhile, stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) were assessed, and we evaluated the predictive value of the combination of sTILs and TSR (TSRILs). RESULTS Patients with low stroma showed a higher pCR rate than those with high stroma among the four independent hospitals, and in multivariate analysis, the TSR was proven to be an independent predictor for pCR to NAC with an odds ratio of 1.945 (95% CI 1.230-3.075, P = 0.004). Moreover, we found that TSRILs could improve the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting pCR from 0.750 to 0.785 (P = 0.039); especially in HER2-negative BCs, the inclusion of TSRILs increased the AUC from 0.801 to 0.835 in the discovery dataset (P = 0.048) and 0.734 to 0.801 in the validation dataset (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION TSR and sTILs can be easily measured in pathological routines and provide predictive information without additional cost; with more evidence from clinical trials, TSRILs could be a candidate to better stratify patients in NAC settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Li
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the National Health Commission, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xunxi Lu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yani Wei
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuli Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Tajaldini M, Poorkhani A, Amiriani T, Amiriani A, Javid H, Aref P, Ahmadi F, Sadani S, Khori V. Strategy of targeting the tumor microenvironment via inhibition of fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling new era to cancer chemo-immunotherapy resistance. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175991. [PMID: 37619785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of repurposing drugs that may have neoplastic and anticancer effects increases the efficiency and decrease resistance to chemotherapy drugs through a biochemical and mechanical transduction mechanisms through modulation of fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling in tumor microenvironment (TME). Interestingly, fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling plays a vital role in mediating cancer metastasis and drug resistance after immune chemotherapy. The most essential hypothesis for induction of chemo-immunotherapy resistance is via activation of fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling and preventing the infiltration of T cells after is mainly due to the interference between cytoskeleton, mechanical, biochemical, metabolic, vascular, and remodeling signaling pathways in TME. The structural components of the tumor that can be targeted in the fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling include the depletion of the TME components, targeting the cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor associated macrophages, alleviating the mechanical stress within the ECM, and normalizing the blood vessels. It has also been found that during immune-chemotherapy, TME injury and fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling causes the up-regulation of inhibitory signals and down-regulation of activated signals, which results in immune escape or chemo-resistance of the tumor. In this regard, repurposing or neo-adjuvant drugs with various transduction signaling mechanisms, including anti-fibrotic effects, are used to target the TME and fibroblast/fibrosis signaling pathway such as angiotensin 2, transforming growth factor-beta, physical barriers of the TME, cytokines and metabolic factors which finally led to the reverse of the chemo-resistance. Consistent to many repurposing drugs such as pirfenidone, metformin, losartan, tranilast, dexamethasone and pentoxifylline are used to decrease immune-suppression by abrogation of TME inhibitory signal that stimulates the immune system and increases efficiency and reduces resistance to chemotherapy drugs. To overcome immunosuppression based on fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling, in this review, we focus on inhibitory signal transduction, which is the physical barrier, alleviates mechanical stress and prevents mechano-metabolic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Tajaldini
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amirhoushang Poorkhani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciencess, Catastega Institue of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parham Aref
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Farahnazsadat Ahmadi
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Sadani
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorder Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Zhao Z, Li T, Sun L, Yuan Y, Zhu Y. Potential mechanisms of cancer-associated fibroblasts in therapeutic resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115425. [PMID: 37660643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous improvements in research and new cancer therapeutics, the goal of eradicating cancer remains elusive because of drug resistance. For a long time, drug resistance research has been focused on tumor cells themselves; however, recent studies have found that the tumor microenvironment also plays an important role in inducing drug resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a main component of the tumor microenvironment. They cross-talk with cancer cells to support their survival in the presence of anticancer drugs. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of CAFs in tumor drug resistance. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying the cross-talk between CAFs and cancer cells and insight into the importance of CAFs in drug resistance can guide the development of new anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China.
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Huang L, Xie Q, Deng J, Wei WF. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in bladder cancer progression. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19802. [PMID: 37809511 PMCID: PMC10559166 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that critically contribute to cancer initiation and progression. In bladder cancer (BCa), there is emerging evidence that BCa CAFs are actively involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. This review outlines the present knowledge of BCa CAFs, with a particular emphasis on their origin and function in BCa progression, and provides further insights into their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Qun Xie
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Deng
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Fei Wei
- Department of Gynecology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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11
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Chohan MH, Perry M, Laurance-Young P, Salih VM, Foey AD. Prognostic Role of CD68 + and CD163 + Tumour-Associated Macrophages and PD-L1 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Br J Biomed Sci 2023; 80:11065. [PMID: 37397243 PMCID: PMC10310926 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant cancer in humans. An abundance of tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) create an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). TAM markers (CD163 and CD68) are seen to serve as prognostic factors in OSCC. PD-L1 has seen to widely modulate the TME but its prognostic significance remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prognostic role of CD163+, CD68+ TAMs and PD-L1 in OSCC patients. Methods: Searches in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were performed; 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Quality assessment of included studies was performed according to REMARK guidelines. Risk of bias across studies was investigated according to the rate of heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association of all three biomarkers with overall survival (OS). Results: High expression of CD163+ TAMs were associated with poor overall survival (HR = 2.64; 95% Cl: [1.65, 4.23]; p < 0.0001). Additionally, high stromal expression of CD163+ TAMs correlated with poor overall survival (HR = 3.56; 95% Cl: [2.33, 5.44]; p < 0.00001). Conversely, high CD68 and PD-L1 expression was not associated with overall survival (HR = 1.26; 95% Cl: [0.76, 2.07]; p = 0.37) (HR = 0.64; 95% Cl: [0.35, 1.18]; p = 0.15). Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings indicate CD163+ can provide prognostic utility in OSCC. However, our data suggests CD68+ TAMs were not associated with any prognostic relevance in OSCC patients, whereas PD-L1 expression may prove to be a differential prognostic marker dependent on tumour location and stage of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Haseeb Chohan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Perry
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Laurance-Young
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Vehid M. Salih
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Foey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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12
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Sohrab SS, Raj R, Nagar A, Hawthorne S, Paiva-Santos AC, Kamal MA, El-Daly MM, Azhar EI, Sharma A. Chronic Inflammation's Transformation to Cancer: A Nanotherapeutic Paradigm. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114413. [PMID: 37298889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The body's normal immune response against any invading pathogen that causes infection in the body results in inflammation. The sudden transformation in inflammation leads to the rise of inflammatory diseases such as chronic inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disorders, and colorectal cancer (different types of cancer develop at the site of chronic infection and inflammation). Inflammation results in two ways: short-term inflammation i.e., non-specific, involves the action of various immune cells; the other results in long-term reactions lasting for months or years. It is specific and causes angiogenesis, fibrosis, tissue destruction, and cancer progression at the site of inflammation. Cancer progression relies on the interaction between the host microenvironment and tumor cells along with the inflammatory responses, fibroblast, and vascular cells. The two pathways that have been identified connecting inflammation and cancer are the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Both have their own specific role in linking inflammation to cancer, involving various transcription factors such as Nuclear factor kappa B, Activator of transcription, Single transducer, and Hypoxia-inducible factor, which in turn regulates the inflammatory responses via Soluble mediators cytokines (such as Interleukin-6, Hematopoietin-1/Erythropoietin, and tumor necrosis factor), chemokines (such as Cyclooxygenase-2, C-X-C Motif chemokines ligand-8, and IL-8), inflammatory cells, cellular components (such as suppressor cells derived from myeloid, tumor-associated macrophage, and acidophils), and promotes tumorigenesis. The treatment of these chronic inflammatory diseases is challenging and needs early detection and diagnosis. Nanotechnology is a booming field nowadays for its rapid action and easy penetration inside the infected destined cells. Nanoparticles are widely classified into different categories based on their different factors and properties such as size, shape, cytotoxicity, and others. Nanoparticles emerged as excellent with highly progressive medical inventions to cure diseases such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and others. Nanoparticles have shown higher binding capacity with the biomolecules in inflammation reduction and lowers the oxidative stress inside tissue/cells. In this review, we have overall discussed inflammatory pathways that link inflammation to cancer, major inflammatory diseases, and the potent action of nanoparticles in chronic inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riya Raj
- Department of Biochemistry, Bangalore University, Banglore 560056, India
| | - Amka Nagar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics Inc., Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Mai M El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 0RE, UK
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13
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Archer M, Bernhardt SM, Hodson LJ, Woolford L, Van der Hoek M, Dasari P, Evdokiou A, Ingman WV. CCL2-Mediated Stromal Interactions Drive Macrophage Polarization to Increase Breast Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087385. [PMID: 37108548 PMCID: PMC10138606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CCL2 is an inflammatory cytokine that regulates macrophage activity and is implicated in increased mammographic density and early breast tumorigenesis. The role of CCL2 in mediating stromal interactions that contribute to breast tumorigenesis has yet to be fully elucidated. THP-1-derived macrophages and mammary fibroblasts were co-cultured for 72 h. Fibroblasts and macrophages were analysed for phenotype, expression of inflammatory and ECM-regulatory genes and collagen production. Mice overexpressing CCL2 in the mammary glands were analysed for global gene expression by RNAseq at 12 weeks of age. These mice were cross-bred with PyMT mammary tumour mice to examine the role of CCL2 in tumorigenesis. The co-culture of macrophages with fibroblasts resulted in macrophage polarization towards an M2 phenotype, and upregulated expression of CCL2 and other genes associated with inflammation and ECM remodelling. CCL2 increased the production of insoluble collagen by fibroblasts. A global gene expression analysis of CCL2 overexpressing mice revealed that CCL2 upregulates cancer-associated gene pathways and downregulates fatty acid metabolism gene pathways. In the PyMT mammary tumour model, CCL2 overexpressing mice exhibited increased macrophage infiltration and early tumorigenesis. Interactions between macrophages and fibroblasts regulated by CCL2 can promote an environment that may increase breast cancer risk, leading to enhanced early tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison Archer
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Sarah M Bernhardt
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Leigh J Hodson
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Lucy Woolford
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Mark Van der Hoek
- South Australian Genomics Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Pallave Dasari
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
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14
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Niwa A, Taniguchi T, Tomita H, Okada H, Kinoshita T, Mizutani C, Matsuo M, Imaizumi Y, Kuroda T, Ichihashi K, Sugiyama T, Kanayama T, Yamaguchi Y, Sugie S, Matsuhashi N, Hara A. Conditional ablation of heparan sulfate expression in stromal fibroblasts promotes tumor growth in vivo. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281820. [PMID: 36809261 PMCID: PMC9942975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a glycocalyx component present in the extracellular matrix and cell-surface HS proteoglycans (HSPGs). Although HSPGs are known to play functional roles in multiple aspects of tumor development and progression, the effect of HS expression in the tumor stroma on tumor growth in vivo remains unclear. We conditionally deleted Ext1, which encodes a glycosyltransferase essential for the biosynthesis of HS chains, using S100a4-Cre (S100a4-Cre; Ext1f/f) to investigate the role of HS in cancer-associated fibroblasts, which is the main component of the tumor microenvironment. Subcutaneous transplantation experiments with murine MC38 colon cancer and Pan02 pancreatic cancer cells demonstrated substantially larger subcutaneous tumors in S100a4-Cre; Ext1f/f mice. Additionally, the number of myofibroblasts observed in MC38 and Pan02 subcutaneous tumors of S100a4-Cre; Ext1f/f mice decreased. Furthermore, the number of intratumoral macrophages decreased in MC38 subcutaneous tumors in S100a4-Cre; Ext1f/f mice. Finally, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) markedly increased in Pan02 subcutaneous tumors in S100a4-Cre; Ext1f/f mice, suggesting that it may contribute to rapid growth. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the tumor microenvironment with HS-reduced fibroblasts provides a favorable environment for tumor growth by affecting the function and properties of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Taniguchi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kinoshita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Chika Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery/Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Mikiko Matsuo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Yuko Imaizumi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Takahito Kuroda
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Koki Ichihashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sugiyama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Pathology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Matsuhashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery/Pediatric Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
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15
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Smith JP, Chen W, Shivapurkar N, Gerber M, Tucker RD, Kallakury B, Dasa SSK, Kularatne RN, Stern ST. Target-Specific Nanoparticle Polyplex Down-Regulates Mutant Kras to Prevent Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and Halt Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:752. [PMID: 36614194 PMCID: PMC9821664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival from pancreatic cancer is poor because most cancers are diagnosed in the late stages and there are no therapies to prevent the progression of precancerous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs). Inhibiting mutant KRASG12D, the primary driver mutation in most human pancreatic cancers, has been challenging. The cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR) is absent in the normal pancreas but becomes expressed in high grade PanIN lesions and is over-expressed in pancreatic cancer making it a prime target for therapy. We developed a biodegradable nanoparticle polyplex (NP) that binds selectively to the CCK-BR on PanINs and pancreatic cancer to deliver gene therapy. PanIN progression was halted and the pancreas extracellular matrix rendered less carcinogenic in P48-Cre/LSL-KrasG12D/+ mice treated with the CCK-BR targeted NP loaded with siRNA to mutant Kras. The targeted NP also slowed proliferation, decreased metastases and improved survival in mice bearing large orthotopic pancreatic tumors. Safety and toxicity studies were performed in immune competent mice after short or long-term exposure and showed no off-target toxicity by histological or biochemical evaluation. Precision therapy with target-specific NPs provides a novel approach to slow progression of advanced pancreatic cancer and also prevents the development of pancreatic cancer in high-risk subjects without toxicity to other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill P. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | | | - Monica Gerber
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Robin D. Tucker
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Siva Sai Krishna Dasa
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ruvanthi N. Kularatne
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Stephan T. Stern
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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16
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Aleman J, Young CD, Karam SD, Wang XJ. Revisiting laminin and extracellular matrix remodeling in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma: What have we learned after more than four decades of research? Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:5-23. [PMID: 35596706 PMCID: PMC9676410 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have significantly lower survival upon the development of distant metastases. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a consistent yet dynamic influence on the metastatic capacity of SCCs. The ECM encompasses a milieu of structural proteins, signaling molecules, and enzymes. Just over 40 years ago, the fibrous ECM glycoprotein laminin was identified. Roughly four decades of research have revealed a pivotal role of laminins in metastasis. However, trends in ECM alterations in some cancers have been applied broadly to all metastatic diseases, despite evidence that these characteristics vary by tumor type. We will summarize how laminins influence the SCC metastatic process exclusively. Enhanced laminin protein deposition occurs at the invasive edge of SCC tumors, which correlates with elevated levels of laminin-binding β1 integrins on SCC cells, increased MMP-3 presence, worse prognosis, and lymphatic dissemination. Although these findings are significant, gaps in knowledge of the formation of a premetastatic niche, the processes of intra- and extravasation, and the contributions of the ECM to SCC metastatic cell dormancy persist. Bridging these gaps requires novel in vitro systems and animal models that reproduce tumor-stromal interactions and spontaneous metastasis seen in the clinic. These advances will allow accurate assessment of laminins to predict responders to transforming growth factor-β inhibitors and immunotherapy, as well as potential combinatorial therapies with the standard of care. Such clinical interventions may drastically improve quality of life and patient survival by explicitly targeting SCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Aleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christian D. Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sana D. Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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17
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Li H, Zhou K, Wang K, Cao H, Wu W, Wang Z, Dai Z, Chen S, Peng Y, Xiao G, Luo P, Zhang J, Liu Z, Cheng Q, Zhang H. A pan-cancer and single-cell sequencing analysis of CD161, a promising onco-immunological biomarker in tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040289. [PMID: 36660546 PMCID: PMC9844218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD161 has been linked to the appearance and development of various cancers. Methods The mutation map and the variation of CNVs and SNVs of CD161 were displayed according to cBioportal and GSCALite. We also evaluated the pathway enrichment and drug sensitivity of CD161 according to GSCALite. We performed a single-cell sequencing analysis of cancer cells and T cells in melanoma. The cell communication patterns related to CD161 were further explored. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tissue microarrays was used to detect the association between CD161 expression and macrophages and T cells. Results A high CD161 level was related to neoantigens expression, pathway enrichment, and drug sensitivity. In addition, single-cell sequencing analysis showed that CD161 was mainly expressed in T cells, M1 and M2 Macrophages, neoplastic, microglial cells, neurons, and cancer cells in many tumor types. Further study on pseudotime trajectories and functional annotation of CD161 proved the critical role of CD161 in tumor progression and T cell immunity in melanoma. Multiplex immunofluorescence revealed that CD161 is closely correlated with the immune infiltration of T cells and macrophages in multiple cancers. In addition, high CD161 expression predicted a favorable immunotherapy response. Conclusion CD161 is involved in the immune infiltration of T cells and macrophages and might be a promising target for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- The Animal Laboratory Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- The Animal Laboratory Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wantao Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi Chen
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Quan Cheng, ; Hao Zhang,
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Quan Cheng, ; Hao Zhang,
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18
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Liu M, Liu L, Song Y, Li W, Xu L. Targeting macrophages: a novel treatment strategy in solid tumors. J Transl Med 2022; 20:586. [PMID: 36510315 PMCID: PMC9743606 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells, which act as a key regulator in tumorigenesis and progression. Increasing evidence have demonstrated that the TME alters the nature of macrophages to maintain dynamic tissue homeostasis, allowing TAMs to acquire the ability to stimulate angiogenesis, promote tumor metastasis and recurrence, and suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, tumors with high TAM infiltration have poor prognoses and are resistant to treatment. In the field of solid tumor, the exploration of tumor-promoting mechanisms of TAMs has attracted much attention and targeting TAMs has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy. Currently, the most common therapeutic options for targeting TAMs are as follows: the deletion of TAMs, the inhibition of TAMs recruitment, the release of phagocytosis by TAMs, and the reprogramming of macrophages to remodel their anti-tumor capacity. Promisingly, the study of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-Ms) may provide even greater benefit for patients with solid tumors. In this review, we discuss how TAMs promote the progression of solid tumors as well as summarize emerging immunotherapeutic strategies that targeting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- grid.414008.90000 0004 1799 4638Department of Research and Foreign Affairs, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Lina Liu
- grid.414008.90000 0004 1799 4638Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Yongping Song
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Wei Li
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Linping Xu
- grid.414008.90000 0004 1799 4638Department of Research and Foreign Affairs, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
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19
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Design of Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy Based on Tumor Microenvironment Properties. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122708. [PMID: 36559202 PMCID: PMC9785496 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and battling cancer has always been a challenging subject in medical sciences. All over the world, scientists from different fields of study try to gain a deeper knowledge about the biology and roots of cancer and, consequently, provide better strategies to fight against it. During the past few decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much attention for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents with high efficiency and reduced side effects in cancer treatment. Targeted and stimuli-sensitive nanoparticles have been widely studied for cancer therapy in recent years, and many more studies are ongoing. This review aims to provide a broad view of different nanoparticle systems with characteristics that allow them to target diverse properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME) from nanoparticles that can be activated and release their cargo due to the specific characteristics of the TME (such as low pH, redox, and hypoxia) to nanoparticles that can target different cellular and molecular targets of the present cell and molecules in the TME.
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20
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Scheuermann S, Lehmann JM, Ramani Mohan R, Reißfelder C, Rückert F, Langejürgen J, Pallavi P. TissueGrinder, a novel technology for rapid generation of patient-derived single cell suspensions from solid tumors by mechanical tissue dissociation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:721639. [PMID: 36582292 PMCID: PMC9793748 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.721639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent advances hold promise of making personalized medicine a step closer to implementation in clinical settings. However, traditional sample preparation methods are not robust and reproducible. In this study, the TissueGrinder, a novel mechanical semi-automated benchtop device, which can isolate cells from tissue in a very fast and enzyme-free way is tested for cell isolation from surgically resected tumor tissues. Methods Thirty-three surgically resected tumor tissues from various but mainly pancreatic, liver or colorectal origins were processed by both novel TissueGrinder and explant method. An optimized processing program for tumors from pancreatic, liver or colorectal cancer was developed. The viability and morphological characteristics of the isolated cells were evaluated microscopically. Expression of pancreatic cancer markers was evaluated in cells isolated from pancreatic tumors. Finally, the effect of mechanical stress on the cells was evaluated by assessing apoptosis markers via western blotting. Results TissueGinder was more efficient in isolating cells from tumor tissue with a success rate of 75% when compared to explant method 45% in terms of cell outgrowth six weeks after processing. Cells isolated with TissueGinder had a higher abundance and were more heterogeneous in composition as compared to explant method. Mechanical processing of the cells with TissueGrinder does not lead to apoptosis but causes slight stress to the cells. Discussion Our results show that TissueGrinder can process solid tumor tissues more rapidly and efficiently and with higher success rate compared to the conventionally used explant method. The results of the study suggest that the TissueGrinder might be a suitable method for obtaining cells, which is important for its application in individualized therapy. Due to the great variance in different tumor entities and the associated individual tissue characteristics, a further development of the dissociation protocol for other types of tumors and normal tissue will be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramkumar Ramani Mohan
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Reißfelder
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Felix Rückert
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Prama Pallavi
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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21
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Mughees M, Kaushal JB, Sharma G, Wajid S, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Chemokines and cytokines: Axis and allies in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:497-512. [PMID: 35181473 PMCID: PMC9793433 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are recognized as the major contributor to various tumorigenesis, tumor heterogeneity, and failures of current cancer therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched with chemokines and cytokines and plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Chronic inflammation is also considered an instructive process of cancer progression, where chemokines are spatiotemporally secreted by malignant cells and leukocyte subtypes that initiate cell trafficking into the TME. In various cancers, prostate cancer (PCa) is reported as one of the leading cancers in the worldwide male population. The chemokines-mediated signaling pathways are intensively involved in PCa progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that chemokines and cytokines are responsible for the pleiotropic actions in cancer, including the growth, angiogenesis, endothelial mesenchymal transition, leukocyte infiltration, and hormone escape for advanced PCa and therapy resistance. Chemokine's system and immune cells represent a promising target to suppress tumorigenic environments and serve as potential therapy/immunotherapy for the PCa. In this review, an attempt has been made to shed light on the alteration of chemokine and cytokine profiles during PCa progression and metastasis. We also discussed the recent findings of the diverse molecular signaling of these circulating chemokines and their corresponding receptors that could become future targets for therapeutic management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA(1)
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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22
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Bryce AS, Dreyer SB, Froeling FEM, Chang DK. Exploring the Biology of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5302. [PMID: 36358721 PMCID: PMC9659154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy characterised by a stubbornly low 5-year survival which is essentially unchanged in the past 5 decades. Despite recent advances in chemotherapy and surgical outcomes, progress continues to lag behind that of other cancers. The PDAC microenvironment is characterised by a dense, fibrotic stroma of which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key players. CAFs and fibrosis were initially thought to be uniformly tumour-promoting, however this doctrine is now being challenged by a wealth of evidence demonstrating CAF phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. Recent technological advances have allowed for the molecular profiling of the PDAC tumour microenvironment at exceptional detail, and these technologies are being leveraged at pace to improve our understanding of this previously elusive cell population. In this review we discuss CAF heterogeneity and recent developments in CAF biology. We explore the complex relationship between CAFs and other cell types within the PDAC microenvironment. We discuss the potential for therapeutic targeting of CAFs, and we finally provide an overview of future directions for the field and the possibility of improving outcomes for patients with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Bryce
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1BD, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Stephan B. Dreyer
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1BD, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Fieke E. M. Froeling
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1BD, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - David K. Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1BD, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
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Zhou WH, Wang Y, Yan C, Du WD, Al-Aroomi MA, Zheng L, Lin SF, Gao JX, Jiang S, Wang ZX, Sun CF, Liu FY. CC chemokine receptor 7 promotes macrophage recruitment and induces M2-polarization through CC chemokine ligand 19&21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:67. [PMID: 35904690 PMCID: PMC9338204 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the impact of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) on the recruitment and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS We analyzed CCR7 expression pattern, clinicopathological significance, and its association with M2 macrophage infiltration in OSCC by bioinformatic methods. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was utilized to silence CCR7 in OSCC cells. Conditioned media (CM) was harvested from transfected OSCC cells to establish a co-culture model of THP-1 derived macrophages and OSCC cells. Transwell assay and cell adhesion assay were performed to examine the effect of CCR7 on macrophages recruitment and adhesion. Cytoskeleton was labelled by phalloidin to observe macrophage morphological changes. Moreover, phenotypic alteration of macrophages was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Ultimately, recombinant human CCL19 and CCL21 were added into the medium of THP-1 derived macrophages to explore their effects on polarization in vitro. RESULTS In OSCC patients, the overexpression of CCR7 positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and M2 macrophage infiltration. Macrophage not only exhibited enhanced migration, invasion and adhesion abilities, but also appeared more spindle and branched in vitro when treated with CM from OSCC cells. However, these phenomena were abrogated with knockdown of CCR7. We also discovered that inhibition of CCR7 in OSCC cells suppressed TAMs polarization to an M2 phenotype. In addition, recombinant human CCL19 and CCL21 promoted macrophage M2-polarization in vitro. CONCLUSION CCR7 in OSCC cells promoted recruitment and M2-polarization of THP-1 derived macrophages in vitro by regulating production of CCL19 and CCL21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hang Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei-Dong Du
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Maged Ali Al-Aroomi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Shan-Feng Lin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-Xing Gao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Zeng-Xu Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Chang-Fu Sun
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Fa-Yu Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China.
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Myofibroblasts: A key promoter of tumorigenesis following radiofrequency tumor ablation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266522. [PMID: 35857766 PMCID: PMC9299299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of intrahepatic tumors induces distant tumor growth through activation of interleukin 6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/tyrosine-protein kinase Met (c-MET) pathway. Yet, the predominant cellular source still needs to be identified as specific roles of the many types of periablational infiltrating immune cells requires further clarification. Here we report the key role of activated myofibroblasts in RFA-induced tumorigenesis and successful pharmacologic blockade. Murine models simulating RF tumorigenic effects on a macrometastatic tumor and intrahepatic micrometastatic deposits after liver ablation and a macrometastatic tumor after kidney ablation were used. Immune assays of ablated normal parenchyma demonstrated significantly increased numbers of activated myofibroblasts in the periablational rim, as well as increased HGF levels, recruitment other cellular infiltrates; macrophages, dendritic cells and natural killer cells, HGF dependent growth factors; fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF-19) and receptor of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-1 (VEGFR-1), and proliferative indices; Ki-67 and CD34 for microvascular density. Furthermore, macrometastatic models demonstrated accelerated distant tumor growth at 7d post-RFA while micrometastatic models demonstrated increased intrahepatic deposit size and number at 14 and 21 days post-RFA. Multi-day atorvastatin, a selective fibroblast inhibitor, inhibited RFA-induced HGF and downstream growth factors, cellular markers and proliferative indices. Specifically, atorvastatin treatment reduced cellular and proliferative indices to baseline levels in the micrometastatic models, however only partially in macrometastatic models. Furthermore, adjuvant atorvastatin completely inhibited accelerated growth of macrometastasis and negated increased micrometastatic intrahepatic burden. Thus, activated myofibroblasts drive RF-induced tumorigenesis at a cellular level via induction of the HGF/c-MET/STAT3 axis, and can be successfully pharmacologically suppressed.
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25
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Roles for macrophage-polarizing interleukins in cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:333-353. [PMID: 35587857 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant and one of the most critical cells of tumor immunity. They provide a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity through releasing cytokines into the tumor microenvironment (TME). A number of interleukin (IL) cytokine family members is involved in shaping the final phenotype of macrophages toward either a classically-activated pro-inflammatory M1 state with anti-tumor activity or an alternatively-activated anti-inflammatory M2 state with pro-tumor activity. Shaping TME macrophages toward the M1 phenotype or recovering this phenotypic state may offer a promising therapeutic approach in patients with cancer. Here, we focus on the impact of macrophage-polarizing ILs on immune cells and IL-mediated cellular cross-interactions within the TME. The key aim of this review is to define therapeutic schedules for addressing ILs in cancer immunotherapy based on their multi-directional impacts in such a milieu. Gathering more knowledge on this area is also important for defining adverse effects related to cytokine therapy and addressing them for reinforcing the efficacy of immunotherapy against cancer.
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26
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Zhou WH, Du WD, Li YF, Al-Aroomi MA, Yan C, Wang Y, Zhang ZY, Liu FY, Sun CF. The Overexpression of Fibronectin 1 Promotes Cancer Progression and Associated with M2 Macrophages Polarization in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5027-5042. [PMID: 35607361 PMCID: PMC9123938 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s364708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the biological roles of fibronectin 1 (FN1) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its effects on macrophage M2 polarization. Methods We analyzed FN1 expression pattern and examined its clinical relevance in HNSCC progression by bioinformatic analysis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was utilized to silence FN1 in HNSCC cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, Transwell assay and wound healing assay were performed to reveal the effect of FN1 on malignant behaviors of HNSCC cells. Moreover, a co-culture model of macrophages and HNSCC cells was established to investigate whether FN1 induce macrophage M2 polarization. Finally, we used bioinformatic methods to explore the possible FN1-related pathways in HNSCC. Results FN1 is significantly overexpressed in HNSCC patients and has been obviously correlated with higher pathological stage and poor prognosis. Downregulation of FN1 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HNSCC cells, and inhibited macrophage M2 polarization in vitro. In addition, “PI3K-Akt” and “MAPK” signaling pathways may be involved in the malignant process of FN1 in HNSCC. Conclusion The overexpression of FN1 promotes HNSCC progression and induces macrophages M2 polarization. FN1 may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hang Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Du
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fei Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maged Ali Al-Aroomi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Ying Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fa-Yu Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fa-Yu Liu; Chang-Fu Sun, Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 24 22894773, Fax +86 24 86602310, Email ;
| | - Chang-Fu Sun
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang Q, Ding J, Wang Y, He L, Xue F. Tumor microenvironment manipulates chemoresistance in ovarian cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2022; 47:102. [PMID: 35362546 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of mortality among the various types of gynecological cancer, and >75% of the cases are diagnosed at a late stage. Although platinum‑based chemotherapy is able to help the majority of patients to achieve remission, the disease frequently recurs and acquires chemoresistance, resulting in high mortality rates. The complexity of OC therapy is not solely governed by the intrinsic characteristics of the OC cells (OCCs) themselves, but is also largely dependent on the dynamic communication between OCCs and various components of their surrounding microenvironment. The present review attempts to describe the mutual interplay between OCCs and their surrounding microenvironment. Tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cell types in OC. Soluble factors derived from CAFs steadily nourish both the OCCs and TAMs, facilitating their proliferation and immune evasion. ATP binding cassette transporters facilitate the extrusion of cytotoxic molecules, eventually promoting cell survival and multidrug resistance. Extracellular vesicles fulfill their role as genetic exchange vectors, transferring cargo from the donor cells to the recipient cells and propagating oncogenic signaling. A greater understanding of the vital roles of the tumor microenvironment will allow researchers to be open to the prospect of developing therapeutic approaches for combating OC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jiashan Ding
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Linsheng He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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28
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Leveraging macrophages for cancer theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114136. [PMID: 35143894 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As fundamental immune cells in innate and adaptive immunity, macrophages engage in a double-edged relationship with cancer. Dissecting the character of macrophages in cancer development facilitates the emergence of macrophages-based new strategies that encompass macrophages as theranostic targets/tools of interest for treating cancer. Herein, we provide a concise overview of the mixed roles of macrophages in cancer pathogenesis and invasion as a foundation for the review discussions. We survey the latest progress on macrophage-based cancer theranostic strategies, emphasizing two major strategies, including targeting the endogenous tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and engineering the adoptive macrophages to reverse the immunosuppressive environment and augment the cancer theranostic efficacy. We also discuss and provide insights on the major challenges along with exciting opportunities for the future of macrophage-based cancer theranostic approaches.
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29
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Jang M, Oh SW, Lee Y, Kim JY, Ji ES, Kim P. Targeting extracellular matrix glycation to attenuate fibroblast activation. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:255-263. [PMID: 35081431 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tumor microenvironment undergoes constant remodeling that alters its biochemical and mechano-physical properties. Non-enzymatic glycation can induce the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which may cause abnormal ECM turnover with excessively cross-linked collagen fibers. However, the subsequent effects of AGE-mediated matrix remodeling on the characteristics of stromal cells in tumor microenvironments remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that AGEs accumulated in the ECM alter the fibroblast phenotype within a three-dimensional collagen matrix. Both the AGE interaction with its receptor (RAGE) and integrin-mediated mechanotransduction signaling were up-regulated in glycated collagen matrix, leading to fibroblast activation to acquire a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-like phenotype. These effects were blocked with neutralizing antibodies against RAGE or the inhibition of focal adhesion (FA) signaling. An AGE cross-link breaker, phenyl-4,5-dimethylthiazolium bromide (ALT 711), also reduced the transformation of fibroblasts into the CAF-like phenotype because of its dual inhibitory role in the AGE-modified matrix. Apart from targeting the AGE-RAGE interaction directly, the decreased matrix stiffness attenuated fibroblast activation by inhibiting the downstream cellular response to matrix stiffness. Our results suggest that indirect/direct targeting of accumulated AGEs in the ECM has potential for targeting the tumor stroma to improve cancer therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Advanced glycated end-products (AGEs)-modified extracellular matrix (ECM) is closely associated with pathological states and is recognized as a critical factor that precedes tumorigenesis. While increased matrix stiffness is known to induce fibroblast activation, less is known about how both biochemical and mechano-physical changes in AGE-mediated matrix-remodeling cooperate to produce a myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-like phenotype. For the first time, we found that both the AGE interaction with its receptor (RAGE) and integrin-mediated mechanotransduction were up-regulated in glycated collagen matrix, leading to fibroblast activation. We further demonstrated that an AGE cross-link breaker, ALT-711, reduced the CAF-like transformation because of its dual inhibitory role in the AGE-modified matrix. Our findings offer promising extracellular-reversion strategies targeting the non-enzymatic ECM glycation, to regulate fibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Jang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Oh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Aanlysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Ji
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Aanlysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Niu Y, Chen J, Qiao Y. Epigenetic Modifications in Tumor-Associated Macrophages: A New Perspective for an Old Foe. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836223. [PMID: 35140725 PMCID: PMC8818998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is frequently accompanied by chronic inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) can be considered an ecosystem that consists of tumor cells, endotheliocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and acellular components such as extracellular matrix. For tumor cells, their survival advantages are dependent on both genetic and epigenetic alterations, while other cells mainly present epigenetic modifications. Macrophages are the most plastic type of immune cells and undergo diverse epigenetic alterations in the TME. Some of these epigenetic modifications mitigate against cancer progression, and others accelerate this process. Due to the complex roles of macrophages in the TME, it is urgent to understand their epigenetic modifications associated with the TME. Here, we mainly summarize recent findings on TME-associated epigenetic alterations of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histone proteins, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation. At the end of this review, we also discuss the translational potential of these epigenetic modifications for developing novel cancer therapies targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Niu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiting Qiao, ; Jianxiang Chen,
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yiting Qiao, ; Jianxiang Chen,
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Heydarian M, Mohammadtaghizadeh M, Shojaei M, Babazadeh M, Abbasian S, Amrovani M. The effect of COVID-19 derived cytokine storm on cancer cells progression: double-edged sword. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:605-615. [PMID: 34657251 PMCID: PMC8520341 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) was first detected in Wuhan, China in December, 2019. The emerging virus causes a respiratory illness, that can trigger a cytokine storm in the body. METHOD Cytokine storm in patient's body is associated with severe forms of disease. It is one of the main complications of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), in which immune cells play a major role. Studies have shown immune cells in the tumor environment can be effective to induce resistance to chemotherapy in cancer patients. RESULT Therefore, considering the role of immune cells to induce cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, and their role to cause resistance to chemotherapy, they are effective on disease progression and creation of severe form of disease. CONCLUSION By examining the signaling pathways and inducing resistance to chemotherapy in tumor cells and the cells affect them, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of severe forms of the disease in cancer patients with COVID-19; it is applicable using target therapy and other subsequent treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahboobeh Shojaei
- High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Babazadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Abbasian
- Department of Laboratory Science, School of Paramedical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mehran Amrovani
- High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Szulc-Kielbik I, Kielbik M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Reasons to Be Cheerful, Reasons to Be Fearful. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:107-140. [PMID: 35165862 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly evolving entity that consists not only of cancer cells, but also of resident host cells and immune-infiltrating cells, among which macrophages are significant components, due to their diversity of functions through which they can influence the immune response against tumor cells. Macrophages present in tumor environment are termed as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They are strongly plastic cells, and depending on the TME stimuli (i.e., cytokines, chemokines), TAMs polarize to antitumoral (M1-like TAMs) or protumoral (M2-like TAMs) phenotype. Both types of TAMs differ in the surface receptors' expression, activation of intracellular signaling pathways, and ability of production and various metabolites release. At the early stage of tumor formation, TAMs are M1-like phenotype, and they are able to eliminate tumor cells, i.e., by reactive oxygen species formation or by presentation of cancer antigens to other effector immune cells. However, during tumor progression, TAMs M2-like phenotype is dominating. They mainly contribute to angiogenesis, stromal remodeling, enhancement of tumor cells migration and invasion, and immunosuppression. This wide variety of TAMs' functions makes them an excellent subject for use in developing antitumor therapies which mainly is based on three strategies: TAMs' elimination, reprograming, or recruitment inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in regulating tumor progression, metastasis, and response to therapies. Accurately modeling the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) requires the use of primary cells from patient samples. Here we describe methods for the isolation of both primary CAFs and fibroblasts from omental tissue using a combination of mechanical dissociation and enzymatic digestion. Primary cells can be used for functional and mechanistic studies and may be safely cryopreserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zawieracz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark A Eckert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Yang Y, Wu H, Liu B, Liu Z. Tumor microenvironment-responsive dynamic inorganic nanoassemblies for cancer imaging and treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114004. [PMID: 34662672 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic inorganic nanoassemblies (DINAs) have emerged as smart nanomedicine platforms with promising potential for bioimaging and targeted drug delivery. In this review, we keep abreast of the advances in development of tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive DINAs to meet the challenges associated with precise cancer therapy. TME-responsive DINAs are designed to achieve precise switches of structures/functions in response to TME-specific stimuli including reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced pH and hypoxia, so as to enhance the tumor accumulation of nanoassemblies, overcome the biological barriers during intratumoral penentration of therapeutics, and achieve tumor-specific imaging and therapy. This progress report will summarize various types of recently reported smart DINAs for TME-responsive tumor imaging and therapy. Their future development towards potential clinical translation will also be discussed.
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Yang Y, Guo J, Huang L. Tackling TAMs for Cancer Immunotherapy: It's Nano Time. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 41:701-714. [PMID: 32946772 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly complex environment that surrounds tumors. Interactions between cancer cells/non-cancerous cells and cells/non-cell components in the TME support tumor initiation, development, and metastasis. Of the cell types in the TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have gained attention owing to their crucial roles in supporting tumors and conferring therapy resistance. Recent developments in nanotechnology raise opportunities for the application of nano targeted drug-delivery systems (Nano-TDDS) in cancer therapy. We focus our discussion on current knowledge of TAMs, and describe recent examples of Nano-TDDS-based TAM modulation, highlighting strategies to overcome in vivo delivery barriers associated with the TME and their potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishun Yang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Experiment Centre of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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36
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Breast Cancer Drug Resistance: Overcoming the Challenge by Capitalizing on MicroRNA and Tumor Microenvironment Interplay. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153691. [PMID: 34359591 PMCID: PMC8345203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of breast cancer reaches new frontiers every day. However, the number of drug resistant cases is still high, and, currently, this constitutes one of the major challenges that cancer research has to face. For instance, 50% of women affected with HER2 positive breast cancer presents or acquires resistance to trastuzumab. Moreover, for patients affected with triple negative breast cancer, standard chemotherapy is still the fist-line therapy, and often patients become resistant to treatments. Tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in this context. Indeed, cancer-associated stromal cells deliver oncogenic cues to the tumor and vice versa to escape exogenous insults. It is well known that microRNAs are among the molecules exploited in this aberrant crosstalk. Indeed, microRNAs play a crucial function both in the induction of pro-tumoral traits in stromal cells and in the stroma-mediated fueling of tumor aggressiveness. Here, we summarize the most recent literature regarding the involvement of miRNAs in the crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells and their capability to modulate tumor microenvironment characteristics. All up-to-date findings suggest that microRNAs in the TME could serve both to reverse malignant phenotype of stromal cells, modulating response to therapy, and as predictive/prognostic biomarkers.
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Gunaydin G. CAFs Interacting With TAMs in Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Tumorigenesis and Immune Evasion. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668349. [PMID: 34336660 PMCID: PMC8317617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most important and abundant players of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs as well as TAMs are known to play pivotal supportive roles in tumor growth and progression. The number of CAF or TAM cells is mostly correlated with poor prognosis. Both CAFs and TAMs are in a reciprocal communication with the tumor cells in the tumor milieu. In addition to such interactions, CAFs and TAMs are also involved in a dynamic and reciprocal interrelationship with each other. Both CAFs and TAMs are capable of altering each other's functions. Here, the current understanding of the distinct mechanisms about the complex interplay between CAFs and TAMs are summarized. In addition, the consequences of such a mutual relationship especially for tumor progression and tumor immune evasion are highlighted, focusing on the synergistic pleiotropic effects. CAFs and TAMs are crucial components of the tumor microenvironment; thus, they may prove to be potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the tri-directional interactions of CAFs, TAMs and cancer cells in terms of tumor progression will pave the way for the identification of novel theranostic cues in order to better target the crucial mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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38
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Xelwa N, Candy GP, Devar J, Omoshoro-Jones J, Smith M, Nweke EE. Targeting Growth Factor Signaling Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer: Towards Inhibiting Chemoresistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:683788. [PMID: 34195085 PMCID: PMC8236623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.683788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly cancers, ranking amongst the top leading cause of cancer related deaths in developed countries. Features such as dense stroma microenvironment, abnormal signaling pathways, and genetic heterogeneity of the tumors contribute to its chemoresistant characteristics. Amongst these features, growth factors have been observed to play crucial roles in cancer cell survival, progression, and chemoresistance. Here we review the role of the individual growth factors in pancreatic cancer chemoresistance. Importantly, the interplay between the tumor microenvironment and chemoresistance is explored in the context of pivotal role played by growth factors. We further describe current and future potential therapeutic targeting of these factors.
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Franchi-Mendes T, Lopes N, Brito C. Heterotypic Tumor Spheroids in Agitation-Based Cultures: A Scaffold-Free Cell Model That Sustains Long-Term Survival of Endothelial Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:649949. [PMID: 34178955 PMCID: PMC8219978 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.649949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment, playing key roles in tumor development and progression that span from angiogenesis to immune regulation and drug resistance. Heterotypic tumor spheroids are one of the most widely used in vitro tumor microenvironment models, presenting improved recapitulation of tumor microenvironments compared to 2D cultures, in a simple and low-cost setup. Heterotypic tumor spheroid models incorporating endothelial cells have been proposed but present multiple limitations, such as the short culture duration typically obtained, the use of animal-derived matrices, and poor reproducibility; the diversity of culture conditions employed hinders comparison between studies and standardization of relevant culture parameters. Herein, we developed long-term cultures of triple heterotypic spheroids composed of the HCC1954 tumor cell line, human fibroblasts, and ECs. We explored culture parameters potentially relevant for EC maintenance, such as tumor cell line, seeding cell number, cell ratio, and agitation vs. static culture. In HCC1954-based spheroids, we observed maintenance of viable EC for up to 1 month of culture in agitation, with retention of the identity markers CD31 and von Willebrand factor. At the optimized tumor cell:fibroblast:EC ratio of 1:3:10, HCC1954-based spheroids had a higher EC area/total spheroid area at 1 month of culture than the other cell ratios tested. EC maintenance was tumor cell line-dependent, and in HCC1954-based spheroids it was also dependent on the presence of fibroblasts and agitation. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) supplementation was not required for maintenance of EC, as the factor was endogenously produced. ECs co-localized with fibroblasts, which accumulated preferentially in the core of the spheroids and secreted EC-relevant extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen I and IV. This simple model setup does not rely on artificial or animal-derived scaffolds and can serve as a useful tool to explore the culture parameters influencing heterotypic spheroids, contributing to model standardization, as well as to explore molecular cross talk of ECs within the tumor microenvironment, and potentially its effects on drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lopes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Oeiras, Portugal
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40
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Chen L, Musa AE. Boosting immune system against cancer by resveratrol. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5514-5526. [PMID: 34101276 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the immune system is a critical part of anticancer therapies including immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The aim of immunomodulation in cancer therapy is boosting immune system cells including CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as suppression of immunosuppressive responses by macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Usually, using single or dual modality can induce immune system responses against cancer. However, immunosuppressive responses attenuate antitumor immunity following cancer therapy. Using some agents to boost immune system's function against cancer can increase therapeutic efficiency of anticancer therapy. Resveratrol, as a natural agent, has shown ability to modulate the immune system to potentiate antitumor immunity. Resveratrol has been shown to induce the release of anticancer cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α and also inhibits the release of TGF-β. It also can stimulate the polarization of CD4+ T cells and macrophages toward anticancer cells and reduce infiltration and polarization of immunosuppressive cells. Furthermore, resveratrol can sensitize cancer cells to the released dead signals by anticancer immune cells. This review explains how resveratrol can boost the immune system against cancer via modulation of immune cell responses within tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Technology, Jilin Vocational College of Industry and Technology, Jilin, China
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Kwiatkowska I, Hermanowicz JM, Przybyszewska-Podstawka A, Pawlak D. Not Only Immune Escape-The Confusing Role of the TRP Metabolic Pathway in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2667. [PMID: 34071442 PMCID: PMC8198784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recently discovered phenomenon that cancer cells can avoid immune response has gained scientists' interest. One of the pathways involved in this process is tryptophan (TRP) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP). Individual components involved in TRP conversion seem to contribute to cancerogenesis both through a direct impact on cancer cells and the modulation of immune cell functionality. Due to this fact, this pathway may serve as a target for immunotherapy and attempts are being made to create novel compounds effective in cancer treatment. However, the results obtained from clinical trials are not satisfactory, which raises questions about the exact role of KP elements in tumorigenesis. An increasing number of experiments reveal that TRP metabolites may either be tumor promoters and suppressors and this is why further research in this field is highly needed. The aim of this study is to present KP as a modulator of cancer development through multiple mechanisms and to point to its ambiguity, which may be a reason for failures in treatment based on the inhibition of tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kwiatkowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
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42
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Xie R, Ruan S, Liu J, Qin L, Yang C, Tong F, Lei T, Shevtsov M, Gao H, Qin Y. Furin-instructed aggregated gold nanoparticles for re-educating tumor associated macrophages and overcoming breast cancer chemoresistance. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120891. [PMID: 34051669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient drug accumulation and chemoresistance remain two major challenges in cancer chemotherapy. Herein, we designed a furin-responsive aggregated nanoplatform loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (AuNPs-D&H-R&C) to combine chemotherapy, autophagy inhibition and macrophage polarization. AuNPs-D&H-R&C could passively target breast tumor via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect after systemic administration and further aggregate together triggered by furin overexpressed in breast cancer. The in situ aggregations hindered the back-flow of NPs to the bloodstream and exocytosis of tumor cells, leading to enhanced drug accumulation within tumors. Moreover, upon exposure to acidic pH in the endosomes/lysosomes, HCQ was efficiently released and it inhibited autophagy and thus restored the sensitivity of tumor cell to DOX. Meanwhile, autophagy inhibition could reprogram tumor-promoting M2-like TAMs to anti-tumor M1 phenotype, exerting a synergistic effect in overcoming chemoresistance. In vitro studies demonstrated the superiority of furin-triggered aggregated AuNPs delivery system in enhancing drug accumulation in breast tumor, compared with PEGlyated AuNPs. The co-delivery of DOX and HCQ showed much improved chemotherapeutic efficiency to chemoresistant MCF-7/ADR breast tumor, in large part due to macrophage polarization. In conclusion, we developed a stimulus-responsive delivery system and proposed a potential combination strategy to overcome chemoresistance in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shaobo Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chuanyao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Fan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People's Hospital, 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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43
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Buechler MB, Fu W, Turley SJ. Fibroblast-macrophage reciprocal interactions in health, fibrosis, and cancer. Immunity 2021; 54:903-915. [PMID: 33979587 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts and macrophages are present in all tissues, and mounting evidence supports that these cells engage in direct communication to influence the overall tissue microenvironment and affect disease outcomes. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie fibroblast-macrophage interactions in health, fibrosis, and cancer. We present an integrated view of fibroblast-macrophage interactions that is centered on the CSF1-CSF1R axis and discuss how additional molecular programs linking these cell types can underpin disease onset, progression, and resolution. These programs may be tissue and context dependent, affected also by macrophage and fibroblast origin and state, as seen most clearly in cancer. Continued efforts to understand these cells and the means by which they interact may provide therapeutic approaches for the treatment of fibrosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Buechler
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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44
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Kalita B, Coumar MS. Deciphering molecular mechanisms of metastasis: novel insights into targets and therapeutics. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:751-775. [PMID: 33914273 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition of a primary tumour to metastatic progression is driven by dynamic molecular changes, including genetic and epigenetic alterations. The metastatic cascade involves bidirectional interactions among extracellular and intracellular components leading to disintegration of cellular junctions, cytoskeleton reorganization and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These events promote metastasis by reprogramming the primary cancer cell's molecular framework, enabling them to cause local invasion, anchorage-independent survival, cell death and immune resistance, extravasation and colonization of distant organs. Metastasis follows a site-specific pattern that is still poorly understood at the molecular level. Although various drugs have been tested clinically across different metastatic cancer types, it has remained difficult to develop efficacious therapeutics due to complex molecular layers involved in metastasis as well as experimental limitations. CONCLUSIONS In this review, a systemic evaluation of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis is outlined and the potential molecular components and their status as therapeutic targets and the associated pre-clinical and clinical agents available or under investigations are discussed. Integrative methods like pan-cancer data analysis, which can provide clinical insights into both targets and treatment decisions and help in the identification of crucial components driving metastasis such as mutational profiles, gene signatures, associated pathways, site specificities and disease-gene phenotypes, are discussed. A multi-level data integration of the metastasis signatures across multiple primary and metastatic cancer types may facilitate the development of precision medicine and open up new opportunities for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikashita Kalita
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Mohane Selvaraj Coumar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
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45
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Wu W, Li D, Feng X, Zhao F, Li C, Zheng S, Lyu J. A pan-cancer study of selenoprotein genes as promising targets for cancer therapy. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:78. [PMID: 33706760 PMCID: PMC7948377 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most important health benefit of selenium (Se) is in the prevention and control of cancer. Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) and thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs) are selenoenzymes that are thought to play a role in oxidative stress. The differential expression of genes of the TXNRD and GPX families is closely related to carcinogenesis and the occurrence of cancer. This study comprehensively analyzed the expression profiles of seven genes in the TXNRD and GPX families, in terms of their correlations with patient survival and immune-cell subtypes, tumor microenvironment, and drug sensitivity. RESULTS The expression profiles of genes in the TXNRD and GPX families differ between different types of cancer, and also between and within individual cancer cases. The expression levels of the seven analyzed genes are related to the overall survival of patients. The TXNRD1 and TXNRD3 genes are mainly related to poor prognoses, while other genes are related to good or poor prognoses depending on the type of cancer. All of the genes were found to be correlated to varying degrees with immune-cell subtypes, level of mechanistic cell infiltration, and tumor cell stemness. The TXNRD1, GPX1, and GPX2 genes may exert dual effects in tumor mutagenesis and development, while the TXNRD1, GPX1, GPX2, and GPX3 genes were found to be related to drug sensitivity or the formation of drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS The results will greatly help in identifying the association between genes and tumorigenesis, especially in the immune response, tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance, and very important when attempting to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daning Li
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Feng
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanfan Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengzhuo Li
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Bijnen M, Bajénoff M. Gland Macrophages: Reciprocal Control and Function within Their Niche. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:120-136. [PMID: 33423933 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human body contains dozens of endocrine and exocrine glands, which regulate physiological processes by secreting hormones and other factors. Glands can be subdivided into contiguous tissue modules, each consisting of an interdependent network of cells that together perform particular tissue functions. Among those cells are macrophages, a diverse type of immune cells endowed with trophic functions. In this review, we discuss recent findings on how resident macrophages support tissue modules within glands via the creation of mutually beneficial cell-cell circuits. A better comprehension of gland macrophage function and local control within their niche is essential to achieve a refined understanding of gland physiology in homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Bijnen
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
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Iwata Y, Yasufuku I, Saigo C, Kito Y, Takeuchi T, Yoshida K. Anti-fibrotic properties of an adiponectin paralog protein, C1q/TNF-related protein 6 (CTRP6), in diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:1161-1168. [PMID: 33442414 PMCID: PMC7797637 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced gastric cancer, especially diffuse-type gastric cancer, which is often accompanied by stromal fibrosis, commonly exhibit a poor prognosis. This study was designed to unravel the potential roles of C1q/TNF-related protein 6 (CTRP6) in the fibrotic cancer microenvironment of diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma. A total of 49 diffuse-type gastric cancer samples were evaluated in this study, and 23 of these samples exhibited focal CTRP6 immunoreactivity. CTRP6 immunoreactivity was found to be correlated with favorable survival outcomes, in terms of both overall and relapse-free survival rates, but this trend did not reach significance (P = 0.15). By contrast, CTRP6 immunoreactivity was significantly correlated with relapse-free survival rates in patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer at a distal site (P = 0.028). Notably, most gastric cancer cells at the cancer invasive front were CTRP6 negative, especially in areas of robust fibrosis. Double immunohistochemical staining demonstrated an inverse expression profile for CTRP6 and the activated fibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin (α-sma) in stromal and gastric cancer cells at the cancer invasion front. The addition of recombinant CTRP6 protein attenuated the TGF-β-induced α-sma expression in cultured human fibroblasts but did not alter the proliferation rate or Matrigel-invasion activity of the cultured gastric cancer cells. In addition, CTRP6 did not affect the viability of normal human gastric epithelial cells. This study suggests that CTRP6 may have potential application in combating stromal fibrosis in diffuse-type gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Iwata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Itaru Yasufuku
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chiemi Saigo
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kito
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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48
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Systems biology predicts that fibrosis in tuberculous granulomas may arise through macrophage-to-myofibroblast transformation. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008520. [PMID: 33370784 PMCID: PMC7793262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection causes tuberculosis (TB), a disease characterized by development of granulomas. Granulomas consist of activated immune cells that cluster together to limit bacterial growth and restrict dissemination. Control of the TB epidemic has been limited by lengthy drug regimens, antibiotic resistance, and lack of a robustly efficacious vaccine. Fibrosis commonly occurs during treatment and is associated with both positive and negative disease outcomes in TB but little is known about the processes that initiate fibrosis in granulomas. Human and nonhuman primate granulomas undergoing fibrosis can have spindle-shaped macrophages with fibroblast-like morphologies suggesting a relationship between macrophages, fibroblasts, and granuloma fibrosis. This relationship has been difficult to investigate because of the limited availability of human pathology samples, the time scale involved in human TB, and overlap between fibroblast and myeloid cell markers in tissues. To better understand the origins of fibrosis in TB, we used a computational model of TB granuloma biology to identify factors that drive fibrosis over the course of local disease progression. We validated the model with granulomas from nonhuman primates to delineate myeloid cells and lung-resident fibroblasts. Our results suggest that peripheral granuloma fibrosis, which is commonly observed, can arise through macrophage-to-myofibroblast transformation (MMT). Further, we hypothesize that MMT is induced in M1 macrophages through a sequential combination of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling in granuloma macrophages. We predict that MMT may be a mechanism underlying granuloma-associated fibrosis and warrants further investigation into myeloid cells as drivers of fibrotic disease. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a bacterium that infects over a third of the world’s population. The only available vaccine for TB has limited efficacy and drug treatment involves several antibiotics that are taken for several months. These drugs can have significant side-effects and a lack of compliance can lead to drug resistance in Mtb. A hallmark of Mtb infection is the development of clusters of cells that form around infected macrophages to contain the infection called granulomas. Older granulomas, or granulomas in patients treated with antibiotic, often become fibrotic and this can cause chronic lung problems long after the Mtb infection has cleared. The process that drives a fibrotic outcome has been difficult to assess in vivo. Herein we combined wet-lab and computational experimentation to identify a novel mechanism leading to peripheral fibrosis in granulomas. We find that macrophages transforming into myofibroblast-like cells, may be a key pathway to granuloma-associated fibrosis, a phenomena that has not been well characterized in vivo. Further we identified factors that can inhibit fibrosis development during TB that could be therapeutic targets during TB treatment to limit the risk of long-term tissue damage in TB.
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Yang M, Li J, Gu P, Fan X. The application of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy: Targeting tumor microenvironment. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1973-1987. [PMID: 33426371 PMCID: PMC7773537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor development and metastasis are closely related to the structure and function of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, TME modulation strategies have attracted much attention in cancer immunotherapy. Despite the preliminary success of immunotherapeutic agents, their therapeutic effects have been restricted by the limited retention time of drugs in TME. Compared with traditional delivery systems, nanoparticles with unique physical properties and elaborate design can efficiently penetrate TME and specifically deliver to the major components in TME. In this review, we briefly introduce the substitutes of TME including dendritic cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, tumor vasculature, tumor-draining lymph nodes and hypoxic state, then review various nanoparticles targeting these components and their applications in tumor therapy. In addition, nanoparticles could be combined with other therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, however, the nanoplatform delivery system may not be effective in all types of tumors due to the heterogeneity of different tumors and individuals. The changes of TME at various stages during tumor development are required to be further elucidated so that more individualized nanoplatforms could be designed.
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Key Words
- AC-NPs, antigen-capturing nanoparticles
- ANG2, angiopoietin-2
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- Ab, antibodies
- Ag, antigen
- AuNCs, gold nanocages
- AuNPs, gold nanoparticles
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- BTK, Bruton's tyrosine kinase
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAFs, cancer associated fibroblasts
- CAP, cleavable amphiphilic peptide
- CAR-T, Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy
- CCL, chemoattractant chemokines ligand
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- CTLA4, cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4
- CaCO3, calcium carbonate
- Cancer immunotherapy
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DMMA, 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydrid
- DMXAA, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid
- DSF/Cu, disulfiram/copper
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- EPG, egg phosphatidylglycerol
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FAP, fibroblast activation protein
- FDA, the Food and Drug Administration
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HB-GFs, heparin-binding growth factors
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HPMA, N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide
- HSA, human serum albumin
- Hypoxia
- IBR, Ibrutinib
- IFN-γ, interferon-γ
- IFP, interstitial fluid pressure
- IL, interleukin
- LMWH, low molecular weight heparin
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- M2NP, M2-like TAM dual-targeting nanoparticle
- MCMC, mannosylated carboxymethyl chitosan
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MPs, microparticles
- MnO2, manganese dioxide
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- NK, nature killer
- NO, nitric oxide
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanoparticles
- ODN, oligodeoxynucleotides
- PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PFC, perfluorocarbon
- PHDs, prolyl hydroxylases
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PS, photosensitizer
- PSCs, pancreatic stellate cells
- PTX, paclitaxel
- RBC, red-blood-cell
- RLX, relaxin-2
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SA, sialic acid
- SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
- TAAs, tumor-associated antigens
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- TDPA, tumor-derived protein antigens
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TIE2, tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2
- TIM-3, T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- Tumor microenvironment
- UPS-NP, ultra-pH-sensitive nanoparticle
- VDA, vasculature disrupting agent
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- cDCs, conventional dendritic cells
- melittin-NP, melittin-lipid nanoparticle
- nMOFs, nanoscale metal-organic frameworks
- scFv, single-chain variable fragment
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- tdLNs, tumor-draining lymph nodes
- α-SMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin
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Lebedeva L, Zhumabayeva B, Gebauer T, Kisselev I, Aitasheva Z. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) as a Model for Understanding the Process of Caudal Fin Regeneration. Zebrafish 2020; 17:359-372. [PMID: 33259770 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
After its introduction for scientific investigation in the 1950s, the cypriniform zebrafish, Danio rerio, has become a valuable model for the study of regenerative processes and mechanisms. Zebrafish exhibit epimorphic regeneration, in which a nondifferentiated cell mass formed after amputation is able to fully regenerate lost tissue such as limbs, heart muscle, brain, retina, and spinal cord. The process of limb regeneration in zebrafish comprises several stages characterized by the activation of specific signaling pathways and gene expression. We review current research on key factors in limb regeneration using zebrafish as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lebedeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, The Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Beibitgul Zhumabayeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, The Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Tatyana Gebauer
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ilya Kisselev
- Institute of General Genetics and Cytology, Almaty, The Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zaure Aitasheva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, The Republic of Kazakhstan
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