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Etzel L, Apsley AT, Hastings WJ, Ye Q, Shalev I. Early life adversity is associated with differential gene expression in immune cells: A cluster-based analysis across an acute psychosocial stressor. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:724-733. [PMID: 38663776 PMCID: PMC11190835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Elucidating mechanisms by which early-life adversity (ELA) contributes to increased disease risk is important for mitigating adverse health outcomes. Prior work has found differences in immune cell gene expression related to inflammation and mitochondrial activity. Using a within-person between-group experimental design, we investigated differences in gene expression clusters across acute psychosocial stress and no-stress conditions. Participants were young adults (N = 29, aged 18 - 25 years, 62 % female, 47 % with a history of ELA). Gene expression was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at 8 blood draws spanning two 5-hour sessions (stress vs. no-stress) separated by a week, 4 across each session (number of observations = 221). We applied two unsupervised gene clustering methods - latent profile analysis (LPA) and weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) - to cluster genes with similar expression patterns across participants. LPA identified 11 clusters, 7 of which were significantly associated with ELA-status. WGCNA identified 5 clusters, 3 of which were significantly associated with ELA-status. LPA- and WGCNA-identified clusters were correlated, and all clusters were highly preserved across sessions and time. There was no significant effect of acute stress on cluster gene expression, but there was a significant effect of time, and significant differences by ELA-status. ELA-associated clusters related to RNA splicing/processing, inflammation, leukocyte differentiation and division, and mitochondrial activity were differentially expressed across time: ELA-exposed individuals showed decreased expression of these clusters at 90-minutes while controls showed increased expression. Our findings replicate previous work in this area and highlight additional mechanisms by which ELA may contribute to disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Etzel
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Abner T Apsley
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Waylon J Hastings
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qiaofeng Ye
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Idan Shalev
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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2
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Seif-Eldein NA, Abu El Wafa SA, Mohammed EZ, Temraz A. Cymbopogon proximus phytochemicals induce S-phase arrest in A549 lung cancer cell lines via CDK2/cyclin A2 inhibition: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and molecular docking analyses. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 0:znc-2024-0059. [PMID: 38780470 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cymbopogon proximus comprises several phytoconstituent classes that are reported to possess anticancer activity; however, studies on the anticancer potentials of the plant are lacking. C. proximus was extracted using solvents with increasing polarity. In-vitro cytotoxic activity of C. proximus extracts was examined against liver (HepG2), lung (A549), prostate (PC3), and bone (MG63) cell lines using MTT assay in comparison to doxorubicin. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle for identification of the phase of inhibition. Chemical composition of the most active fraction was examined using the GC/MS technique. Molecular docking was used to explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity against A549, and the results were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Petroleum ether fraction was the highly effective fraction against A549 with IC50 = 14.02 ± 2.79. GC/MS analysis of Pet.Eth led to the identification of nine compounds in unsaponifiable matter and 27 components in the saponifiable fraction. Di-N-octyl phthalate, 3-β-hydroxylean-11.13(18)-dien-30-oic acid methyl ester, elemol hydrocarbons, linoelaidic acid and linoleic acid demonstrated the lowest docking binding scores and similar binding modes against CDK2 as compared to that attained by the native ligand R-Roscovitine "CDK2 ATP inhibitor". Western blot analysis demonstrated that CDK2/cyclinA2 protein expression has been suppressed in A549 cell lines by Pet.Eth fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Seif-Eldein
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, 636749 Al Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa A Abu El Wafa
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, 636749 Al Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa Z Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 110130 October 6 University , Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Abeer Temraz
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, 636749 Al Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Singh I, Kanichery A, Kotimoole CN, Modi PK, Prasad TSK, Hoti SL. Unpacking Immune Modulation as a Site of Therapeutics Innovation for Nematode Parasite Wuchereria bancrofti: A Temporal Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Profiling of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 2. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:125-137. [PMID: 38527276 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2024.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Nematode infections are common in both humans and livestock, with major adverse planetary health and economic impacts. Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic nematode that causes lymphatic filariasis, a neglected tropical disease that can lead to severe disability and deformity worldwide. For the long-term survival of the bancroftian parasites in the host, a complex immune invasion strategy is involved through immunomodulation. Therefore, immunomodulation can serve as a site of research and innovation for molecular targets. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine crucial to the host antimicrobial alarm system and stress response. Interestingly, the nematode parasite W. bancrofti also produces two homologs of MIF (Wba-MIF1 and 2). Using a mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics approach, we report new findings on the immunomodulatory effect and signaling mechanism of Wba-MIF2 in macrophage cells. Accordingly, we observed 1201 phosphorylated sites on 467 proteins. Out of the 1201 phosphorylated sites, 1075, 117, and 9 were found on serine (S), threonine (T), and tyrosine (Y) residues, respectively. Our bioinformatics analysis led to identification of major pathways, including spliceosomes, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Th17 differentiation pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, and insulin signaling pathway upon Wba-MIF2 treatment. Wba-MIF2 treatment also enriched CDK4, CDK1, and DNAPK kinases. The comparison of the signaling pathway of Wba-MIF2 with that of human-MIF suggests both share similar signaling pathways. These findings collectively offer new insights into the role and mechanism of Wba-MIF2 as an immunomodulator and inform future diagnostics and drug discovery research for W. bancrofti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Singh
- Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases and Translational Research, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Department of the Interdisciplinary Science, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, (Deemed to be University), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Anagha Kanichery
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Chinmaya Narayana Kotimoole
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | | | - Sugeerappa Laxamannappa Hoti
- Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases and Translational Research, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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4
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Marzoog BA. Cytokines and Regulating Epithelial Cell Division. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:190-200. [PMID: 38213162 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501279979240101051345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically, cytokines play an extremely important role in maintaining cellular and subcellular homeostasis, as they interact almost with every cell in the organism. Therefore, cytokines play a significantly critical role in the field of pathogenic pharmacological therapy of different types of pathologies. Cytokine is a large family containing many subfamilies and can be evaluated into groups according to their action on epithelial cell proliferation; stimulatory include transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), Interlukine-22 (IL-22), IL-13, IL-6, IL-1RA and IL-17 and inhibitory include IL-1α, interferon type I (IFN type I), and TGF-β. The balance between stimulatory and inhibitory cytokines is essential for maintaining normal epithelial cell turnover and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of cytokine production can contribute to various pathological conditions, including inflammatory disorders, tissue damage, and cancer. Several cytokines have shown the ability to affect programmed cell death (apoptosis) and the capability to suppress non-purpose cell proliferation. Clinically, understanding the role of cytokines' role in epithelial tissue is crucial for evaluating a novel therapeutic target that can be of use as a new tactic in the management of carcinomas and tissue healing capacity. The review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of current knowledge regarding the multifaceted effects of cytokines on epithelial cell proliferation, with a particular emphasis on the intestinal epithelium. Also, the paper will highlight the diverse signaling pathways activated by cytokines and their downstream consequences on epithelial cell division. It will also explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting cytokine- epithelial cell interactions in the context of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Ezzat MAF, Elmasry GF, El-Mageed MMAA, Fouad MA, Abdel-Aziz HA, Elewa SI. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of furan-bearing pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines as novel inhibitors of CDK2 and P53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1183-1203. [PMID: 37191966 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The novel series of furan-bearing pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines were designed as cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors and as p53-murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitors. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antiproliferative activity toward hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines. The most active compounds on both cell lines were additionally evaluated for their in vitro CDK2 inhibitory activity. Compounds 7b and 12f displayed enhanced activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50 ] = 0.46 and 0.27 µM, respectively) in comparison to the standard roscovitine (IC50 = 1.41 ± 0.03 µM), in addition to, cell cycle arrest at S phase and G1/S transition phase in MCF7 cells treated with both compounds, respectively. Moreover, the most active spiro-oxindole derivative against MCF7 cell line, 16a, exhibited enhanced inhibitory activity against p53-MDM2 interaction in vitro (IC50 = 3.09 ± 0.12 µM) compared to nutlin, and increased the levels of both p53 and p21 by nearly fourfold in comparison to the negative control. Molecular docking studies demonstrated the plausible interaction patterns of the most potent derivatives 17b and 12f in the CDK2 binding pocket and the spiro-oxindole 16a with p53-MDM2 complex, respectively. Consequently, the new chemotypes 7b, 12f, and 16a can be presented as promising antitumor hits for further studies and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghada F Elmasry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa A Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Safaa I Elewa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women's for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Mutascio S, Mota T, Franchitti L, Sharma AA, Willemse A, Bergstresser SN, Wang H, Statzu M, Tharp GK, Weiler J, Sékaly RP, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M, Silvestri G, Jones RB, Kulpa DA. CD8 + T cells promote HIV latency by remodeling CD4 + T cell metabolism to enhance their survival, quiescence, and stemness. Immunity 2023; 56:1132-1147.e6. [PMID: 37030290 PMCID: PMC10880039 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection persists during antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to a reservoir of latently infected cells that harbor replication-competent virus and evade immunity. Previous ex vivo studies suggested that CD8+ T cells from people with HIV may suppress HIV expression via non-cytolytic mechanisms, but the mechanisms responsible for this effect remain unclear. Here, we used a primary cell-based in vitro latency model and demonstrated that co-culture of autologous activated CD8+ T cells with HIV-infected memory CD4+ T cells promoted specific changes in metabolic and/or signaling pathways resulting in increased CD4+ T cell survival, quiescence, and stemness. Collectively, these pathways negatively regulated HIV expression and ultimately promoted the establishment of latency. As shown previously, we observed that macrophages, but not B cells, promoted latency in CD4+ T cells. The identification of CD8-specific mechanisms of pro-latency activity may favor the development of approaches to eliminate the viral reservoir in people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mutascio
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Talia Mota
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lavinia Franchitti
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ashish A Sharma
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Abigail Willemse
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | - Hong Wang
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Maura Statzu
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jared Weiler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sékaly
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - R Brad Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Deanna A Kulpa
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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7
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Gaber AM, Mandric I, Nitirahardjo C, Piontkivska H, Hillhouse AE, Threadgill DW, Zelikovsky A, Rogovskyy AS. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Peromyscus leucopus and C3H mice infected with the Lyme disease pathogen. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1115350. [PMID: 37113133 PMCID: PMC10126474 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1115350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD), the most prevalent tick-borne disease of humans in the Northern Hemisphere, is caused by the spirochetal bacterium of Borreliella burgdorferi (Bb) sensu lato complex. In nature, Bb spirochetes are continuously transmitted between Ixodes ticks and mammalian or avian reservoir hosts. Peromyscus leucopus mice are considered the primary mammalian reservoir of Bb in the United States. Earlier studies demonstrated that experimentally infected P. leucopus mice do not develop disease. In contrast, C3H mice, a widely used laboratory strain of Mus musculus in the LD field, develop severe Lyme arthritis. To date, the exact tolerance mechanism of P. leucopus mice to Bb-induced infection remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, the present study has compared spleen transcriptomes of P. leucopus and C3H/HeJ mice infected with Bb strain 297 with those of their respective uninfected controls. Overall, the data showed that the spleen transcriptome of Bb-infected P. leucopus mice was much more quiescent compared to that of the infected C3H mice. To date, the current investigation is one of the few that have examined the transcriptome response of natural reservoir hosts to Borreliella infection. Although the experimental design of this study significantly differed from those of two previous investigations, the collective results of the current and published studies have consistently demonstrated very limited transcriptomic responses of different reservoir hosts to the persistent infection of LD pathogens. Importance The bacterium Borreliella burgdorferi (Bb) causes Lyme disease, which is one of the emerging and highly debilitating human diseases in countries of the Northern Hemisphere. In nature, Bb spirochetes are maintained between hard ticks of Ixodes spp. and mammals or birds. In the United States, the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, is one of the main Bb reservoirs. In contrast to humans and laboratory mice (e.g., C3H mice), white-footed mice rarely develop clinical signs (disease) despite being (persistently) infected with Bb. How the white-footed mouse tolerates Bb infection is the question that the present study has attempted to address. Comparisons of genetic responses between Bb-infected and uninfected mice demonstrated that, during a long-term Bb infection, C3H mice reacted much stronger, whereas P. leucopus mice were relatively unresponsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhussien M. Gaber
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Igor Mandric
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Caroline Nitirahardjo
- Department of Biological Sciences, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Helen Piontkivska
- Department of Biological Sciences, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Andrew E. Hillhouse
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomics Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - David W. Threadgill
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomics Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alex Zelikovsky
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Artem S. Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Alshaye NA. Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of some 2-oxindoline derivatives as potential CDK2 inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15009-15022. [PMID: 36927308 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2187222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel series of 2-oxindoline hydrazones 6a-h, 3-hydroxy-2-oxoindolines 9a-d and 2-oxoindolin-3-ylidenes 10a-d were prepared and assessed for their anticancer activity towards breast cancer cell line (MCF7). Compounds 6c, 6d, 6g, 9d, 10a and 10b (IC50 = 14.0 ± 0.7, 15.6 ± 0.7, 13.8 ± 0.7, 4.9 ± 0.2, 6.0 ± 0.3 and 10.8 ± 0.5 µM, respectively) showed the highest growth inhibition activity against MCF7 when compared to staurosporine (IC50 = 14.5 ± 0.7 µM). Cell cycle analysis exposed arrest at G1 phase for compounds 6c, 10 and 10b, at S phase for compounds 6d and 9d, and at G1/S phase for compound 6g. Apoptotic effect of compounds 6c, 6d, 6g, 9d, 10a and 10b was confirmed via their early and late apoptotic effects. A safety profile was revealed for compounds 6c, 6d, 6g, 9d, 10a and 10b on MCF10A treated normal cell. Also, compounds 6c and 10b displayed a promising CDK2 inhibition activity (IC50 = 0.22 ± 0.01, 0.25 ± 0.01 µM, respectively). Also, docking study revealed comparable interactions with the native ligand (5-bromoindirubin). ADMET computational studies forecast the promising pharmacokinetic profile of the targeted compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A Alshaye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Arndt C, Tunger A, Wehner R, Rothe R, Kourtellari E, Luttosch S, Hannemann K, Koristka S, Loureiro LR, Feldmann A, Tonn T, Link T, Kuhlmann JD, Wimberger P, Bachmann MP, Schmitz M. Palbociclib impairs the proliferative capacity of activated T cells while retaining their cytotoxic efficacy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:970457. [PMID: 36817127 PMCID: PMC9935825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.970457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor palbociclib is an emerging cancer therapeutic that just recently gained Food and Drug Administration approval for treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her)2-negative breast cancer in combination with the ER degrader fulvestrant. However, CDK4/6 inhibitors are not cancer-specific and may affect also other proliferating cells. Given the importance of T cells in antitumor defense, we studied the influence of palbociclib/fulvestrant on human CD3+ T cells and novel emerging T cell-based cancer immunotherapies. Palbociclib considerably inhibited the proliferation of activated T cells by mediating G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. However, after stopping the drug supply this suppression was fully reversible. In light of combination approaches, we further investigated the effect of palbociclib/fulvestrant on T cell-based immunotherapies by using a CD3-PSCA bispecific antibody or universal chimeric antigen receptor (UniCAR) T cells. Thereby, we observed that palbociclib clearly impaired T cell expansion. This effect resulted in a lower total concentration of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor, while palbociclib did not inhibit the average cytokine release per cell. In addition, the cytotoxic potential of the redirected T cells was unaffected by palbociclib and fulvestrant. Overall, these novel findings may have implications for the design of treatment modalities combining CDK4/6 inhibition and T cell-based cancer immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Arndt
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,*Correspondence: Claudia Arndt, ; Marc Schmitz,
| | - Antje Tunger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rothe
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eleni Kourtellari
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie Luttosch
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Hannemann
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Koristka
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Liliana R. Loureiro
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Dresden, Germany,Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa Link
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Dominik Kuhlmann
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Philipp Bachmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Claudia Arndt, ; Marc Schmitz,
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10
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Luan L, Li N, Zhang K, Wang X, Pan H. Diversin upregulates the proliferative ability of colorectal cancer by inducing cell cycle proteins. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 129:104850. [PMID: 36623636 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal tumour with increasing incidence worldwide. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of CRC proliferation is not completely clear. Diversin,as an ankyrin repeat-containing protein, is upregulated in various solid tumours and accelerates cancer progression by promoting cell proliferation and increasing S phase fraction of cells. In this study, 71 CRC samples and corresponding adjacent tissue samples were included. The expression of diversin in tissues was verified via immunohistochemical analysis. The MTS assay and flow cytometry (FCM) was used to measure cell proliferation and cell cycle. Results of immunohistochemical analysis revealed that diversin was highly expressed in human CRC tissues and was significantly associated with tumour differentiation, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. The analysis based on the CRC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database showed that a high expression of diversin correlated with the poor prognosis of CRC. Results of the MTS assay indicated that the overexpression of diversin promoted the proliferation of CRC cells, while its downregulation had an inhibitory effect on CRC cell proliferation. FCM analysises presented that diversin increased the flux of the CRC cell cycle from G1 to S and regulated cycle-related proteins, namely, P21, P27, cyclin E, CDK2, cyclin D and CDK4. The results suggest that diversin contributes to CRC proliferation that involves the distribution of the cell cycle. In CRC tissues, the expression of diversin has closely related to the prognosis. The higher the expression levels of diversin, the worse the prognosis. In vitro, diversin could increase the proliferative ability of CRC cells through the G1-S checkpoint and JNK signalling pathway, confirming that diversin contributes to CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luan
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Nanyang Li
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Keyuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Hai Pan
- Central Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery and Dean's office, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, PR China.
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11
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Merlini A, Pavese V, Manessi G, Rabino M, Tolomeo F, Aliberti S, D’Ambrosio L, Grignani G. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in sarcoma treatment: Current perspectives and future directions. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1095219. [PMID: 36741019 PMCID: PMC9893281 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1095219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment of advanced/metastatic bone and soft tissue sarcomas still represents an unmet medical need. Recent advances in targeted therapies have highlighted the potential of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) inhibitors in several cancer types, including sarcomas. CDKs are master regulators of the cell cycle; their dysregulation is listed among the "hallmarks of cancer" and sarcomas are no exception to the rule. In this review, we report both the molecular basis, and the potential therapeutic implications for the use of CDK inhibitors in sarcoma treatment. What is more, we describe and discuss the possibility and biological rationale for combination therapies with conventional treatments, target therapy and immunotherapy, highlighting potential avenues for future research to integrate CDK inhibition in sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Merlini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, IRCCS-FPO, Turin, Italy,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Pavese
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Manessi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Rabino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo D’Ambrosio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Turin, Italy,*Correspondence: Lorenzo D’Ambrosio,
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12
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Olsen MB, Huse C, de Sousa MML, Murphy SL, Sarno A, Obermann TS, Yang K, Holter JC, Jørgensen MJ, Christensen EE, Wang W, Ji P, Heggelund L, Hoel H, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Gregersen I, Aukrust P, Bjørås M, Halvorsen B, Dahl TB. DNA Repair Mechanisms are Activated in Circulating Lymphocytes of Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6629-6644. [PMID: 36514358 PMCID: PMC9741826 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s379331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important part of the inflammatory response during infection but can also promote DNA damage. Due to the sustained inflammation in severe Covid-19, we hypothesized that hospitalized Covid-19 patients would be characterized by increased levels of oxidative DNA damage and dysregulation of the DNA repair machinery. Patients and Methods Levels of the oxidative DNA lesion 8-oxoG and levels of base excision repair (BER) proteins were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients (8-oxoG, n = 22; BER, n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 10) (Cohort 1). Gene expression related to DNA repair was investigated in two independent cohorts of hospitalized Covid-19 patients (Cohort 1; 15 patents and 5 controls, Cohort 2; 15 patients and 6 controls), and by publicly available datasets. Results Patients and healthy controls showed comparable amounts of oxidative DNA damage as assessed by 8-oxoG while levels of several BER proteins were increased in Covid-19 patients, indicating enhanced DNA repair in acute Covid-19 disease. Furthermore, gene expression analysis demonstrated regulation of genes involved in BER and double strand break repair (DSBR) in PBMC of Covid-19 patients and expression level of several DSBR genes correlated with the degree of respiratory failure. Finally, by re-analyzing publicly available data, we found that the pathway Hallmark DNA repair was significantly more regulated in circulating immune cells during Covid-19 compared to influenza virus infection, bacterial pneumonia or acute respiratory infection due to seasonal coronavirus. Conclusion Although beneficial by protecting against DNA damage, long-term activation of the DNA repair machinery could also contribute to persistent inflammation, potentially through mechanisms such as the induction of cellular senescence. However, further studies that also include measurements of additional markers of DNA damage are required to determine the role and precise molecular mechanisms for DNA repair in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belland Olsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Huse
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirta Mittelstedt Leal de Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sarah Louise Murphy
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Sebastian Obermann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kuan Yang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Cato Holter
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Jøntvedt Jørgensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Egeland Christensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hedda Hoel
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Medicine, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva Børresdatter Dahl
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Correspondence: Tuva Børresdatter Dahl, Division of Critical Care and Emergencies and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo, Norway, Tel +4723072786, Email
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13
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Thin KA, Angsuwatcharakon P, Edwards SW, Mutirangura A, Puttipanyalears C. Upregulation of p16INK4A in Peripheral White Blood Cells as a Novel Screening Marker for Colorectal Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3753-3761. [PMID: 36444588 PMCID: PMC9930939 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.11.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) is important for the early detection. CRC is relating to aging and immuno-senescence. One such senescent marker is p16INK4A expression in immune cells. The objective of the study is to investigate the protein expression of p16INK4A in peripheral white blood cells as a screening marker for colorectal cancer. METHODS A case-control studies were conducted. Cases were patients with colorectal cancer and controls were matched with cases based on age and sex. Peripheral blood was collected from patients and controls and the protein p16INK4A was measured with immunofluorescent techniques. The p16INK4A levels from cases and controls were evaluated using ROC analysis to be used as a screening marker in CRC patients. Mean fluorescent intensity of p16INK4A of cases and controls were analyzed in CD45+, CD3+ or CD14+ cells. The p16INK4A levels of cases were also correlated with clinical data. RESULT Statistically significant increased expression of p16INK4A levels were found in cases compared to controls. p16INK4A in peripheral immune cells had 78% sensitivity and 71% specificity which can possibly be used as a diagnosis tool for colorectal cancer. P16INK4A-positive cell percentage and mean florescent intensity were significantly higher in CD45+ cells, CD3 positive cells and CD14 positive cells. No significant correlation was observed with the clinical data and p16INK4A level of CRC patients. CONCLUSION The significant increase of p16 INK4A expression level in peripheral immune cells represents potential for use as a CRC screening marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Aye Thin
- Joint PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology between Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand and Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom.
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. ,Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Charoenchai Puttipanyalears
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. ,Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. ,For Correspondence:
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14
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Siqueira IR, de Souza Rodrigues A, Flores MS, Vieira Cunha EL, Goldberg M, Harmon B, Batabyal R, Freishtat RJ, Cechinel LR. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles and Particles Derived From Adipocytes: The Potential Role in Spreading MicroRNAs Associated With Cellular Senescence. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:867100. [PMID: 36016863 PMCID: PMC9395989 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.867100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and is recognized as a risk factor for shortened life span. Considering that in vitro findings have shown the involvement of microRNA in extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) on senescence, we hypothesized that circulating EVPs derived from adipocytes can be involved in the aging process via their microRNA cargo. We aimed to determine the microRNA profiles of circulating EVPs derived from adipocytes (FABP4+) from aged and young adult animals and to perform in silico prediction of their downstream signaling effects. Plasma was obtained from Wistar rats (3 and 21 months old), and adipocyte-derived EVPs were isolated using the commercially available kit. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) was used for adipocyte-derived EVPs isolation; microRNA isolation and microarray expression analysis were performed. The analysis revealed 728 miRNAs, 32 were differentially between groups (p < 0.05; fold change ≥ |1.1|), of which 15 miRNAs were upregulated and 17 were downregulated in circulating EVPs from aged animals compared to young adults. A conservative filter was applied, and 18 microRNAs had experimentally validated and highly conserved predicted mRNA targets, with a total of 2,228 mRNAs. Canonical pathways, disease and functions, and upstream regulator analyses were performed using IPA-QIAGEN, allowing a global and interconnected evaluation. IPA categories impacted negatively were cell cycle, cellular development, cellular growth and proliferation, and tissue development, while those impacted positively were “digestive system cancer” and “endocrine gland tumor.” Interestingly, the upregulated miR-15-5p targets several cyclins, such as CCND1 and CCND2, and miR-24-3p seems to target CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4); then potentially inhibiting their expression, both miRNAs can induce a negative regulation of cell cycle progression. In contrast, silencing of negative cell cycle checkpoint regulators, such as p21 and p16, can be predicted, which can induce impairment in response to genotoxic stressors. In addition, predicted targets, such as SMAD family members, seem to be involved in the positive control of digestive and endocrine tumors. Taken together, this exploratory study indicates that miRNA signature in circulating adipocyte-derived EVPs may be involved with the double-edged sword of cellular senescence, including irreversible proliferation arrest and tissue-dependent cancer, and seems to be suitable for further validation and confirmatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira,
| | - Andressa de Souza Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina Siqueira Flores
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Letícia Vieira Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Madeleine Goldberg
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, WC, United States
| | - Brennan Harmon
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, WC, United States
| | - Rachael Batabyal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, WC, United States
| | - Robert J. Freishtat
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, WC, United States
| | - Laura Reck Cechinel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, WC, United States
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15
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Chen P, Wang L, Long YB, Liang GY, Yang X, Dong ZQ, Jiang X, Zhu Y, Pan MH, Lu C. E2F4 regulates the cell cycle and DNA replication in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1006-1016. [PMID: 34913261 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The E2F family of transcription factors is crucial for cell cycle progression and cell fate decisions. Although E2Fs have been widely studied in mammals, there have been few studies performed in insects. Here, we determined the function of E2F4 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We demonstrate that E2F proteins are highly conserved among species from lower animals to higher mammals. Overexpression of the BmE2F4 gene led to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, whereas interfering with the BmE2F4 mRNA led to accumulation of cells in the S phase. These results indicate that BmE2F4 is important in cell cycle regulation. We also demonstrate that the BmE2F4 gene is involved in DNA replication of BmN-SWU1 cells and DNA synthesis in the silk gland. Furthermore, we identified a protein called Bm14-3-3ζ that can interact with BmE2F4 and allow it to localize in the nucleus. Overexpression of the Bm14-3-3ζ gene led to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, while knocking down the gene increased the proportion of cells in S phase. These findings provide important insights into the function of E2F transcription factors and increase our understanding of their involvement in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Bi Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhan-Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min-Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Cyclin-dependent kinases as potential targets for colorectal cancer: past, present and future. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1087-1105. [PMID: 35703127 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer in the world and its prevalence is increasing in developing countries. Deregulated cell cycle traverse is a hallmark of malignant transformation and is often observed in CRC as a result of imprecise activity of cell cycle regulatory components, viz. cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Apart from cell cycle regulation, some CDKs also regulate processes such as transcription and have also been shown to be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. This article aims to review cyclin-dependent kinases as potential targets for CRC. Furthermore, therapeutic candidates to target CDKs are also discussed.
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17
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Barberis M, Rojas López A. T cell phenotype switching in autoimmune disorders: Clinical significance of targeting metabolism. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e898. [PMID: 35904141 PMCID: PMC9335893 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing efforts points to the understanding of how to maximize the capabilities of the adaptive immune system to fight against the development of immune and inflammatory disorders. Here we focus on the role of T cells as immune cells which subtype imbalance may lead to disease onset. Specifically, we propose that autoimmune disorders may develop as a consequence of a metabolic imbalance that modulates switching between T cell phenotypes. We highlight a Systems Biology strategy that integrates computational metabolic modelling with experimental data to investigate the metabolic requirements of T cell phenotypes, and to predict metabolic genes that may be targeted in autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Thus, we propose a new perspective of targeting T cell metabolism to modulate the immune response and prevent T cell phenotype imbalance, which may help to repurpose already existing drugs targeting metabolism for therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Barberis
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandra Rojas López
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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18
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Crocodile Oil Modulates Inflammation and Immune Responses in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123784. [PMID: 35744910 PMCID: PMC9229527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Crocodile oil (CO) is generated from the fatty tissues of crocodiles as a by-product of commercial aquaculture. CO is extensively applied in the treatment of illnesses including asthma, emphysema, skin ulcers, and cancer, as well as wound healing. Whether CO has anti-inflammatory properties and encourages an immune response remains uncertain. The impact of CO on inflammatory conditions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the mechanisms behind it were examined in this work. Cells were treated with 0.125–2% CO dissolved in 0.5% propylene glycol with or without LPS. The production and expression of inflammatory cytokines and mediators were also examined in this research. CO reduced the synthesis and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Consistently, CO inhibited the expression and synthesis of inflammatory markers including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, CO reduced the effects of DNA damage. CO also increased the cell-cycle regulators, cyclins D2 and E2, which improved the immunological response. CO might thus be produced as a nutraceutical supplement to help avoid inflammatory diseases.
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Anjaneyan G, Keechilat P, Duraisamy P, Eapen M. Ribociclib-induced extensive vitiligo-like lesions: possible pathomechanisms with clinical, dermoscopic and histological correlation. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e248782. [PMID: 35365472 PMCID: PMC8977742 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-248782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors are targeted agents which act on cyclin-D and these combined with hormonal therapy have been approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. CDK 4/6 inhibitors have been found to have a tolerable adverse event profile; however, they have been associated with various dermatological adverse events. We report a case of ribociclib-induced vitiligo and discuss the clinical, dermoscopic and histological features with a review of the various possible pathomechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopikrishnan Anjaneyan
- Department of Dermatology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Pavithran Keechilat
- Medical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Prasanna Duraisamy
- Department of Dermatology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Malini Eapen
- Department of Pathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
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20
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p21 restricts influenza A virus by perturbing the viral polymerase complex and upregulating type I interferon signaling. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010295. [PMID: 35180274 PMCID: PMC8920271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular genes and networks induced in human lung epithelial cells infected with the influenza virus remain uncharacterized. Here, we find that p21 levels are elevated in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, which is independent of p53. Silencing, pharmacological inhibition or deletion of p21 promotes virus replication in vitro and in vivo, indicating that p21 is an influenza restriction factor. Mechanistically, p21 binds to the C-terminus of IAV polymerase subunit PA and competes with PB1 to limit IAV polymerase activity. Besides, p21 promotes IRF3 activation by blocking K48-linked ubiquitination degradation of HO-1 to enhance type I interferons expression. Furthermore, a synthetic p21 peptide (amino acids 36 to 43) significantly inhibits IAV replication in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings reveal that p21 restricts IAV by perturbing the viral polymerase complex and activating the host innate immune response, which may aid the design of desperately needed new antiviral therapeutics. Influenza A virus (IAV) poses a continuous threat to public health and economic stability. The ribonucleoprotein (RNP) of IAV is responsible for the transcription and replication of the viral RNA. These processes require interplay between host factors and RNP components. Here, we report that p21 can be activated by IAV infection and is controlled by a p53-independent pathway. We demonstrate that p21 directly binds to the viral polymerase acidic protein and limits IAV polymerase activity through disrupting the formation of the ribonucleoprotein complex. Additionally, p21 activation promotes IRF3 activation by blocking K48-linked polyubiquitination degradation of HO-1, thereby activating the type I interferon pathway. We further identify an 8-amino-acid peptide of p21 as the minimum motif that effectively inhibits IAV replication and presents therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our studies not only identify p21 as an antiviral protein, but also provide mechanistic insight to facilitate drug development.
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21
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Tan AR, Wright GS, Thummala AR, Danso MA, Popovic L, Pluard TJ, Han HS, Vojnović Ž, Vasev N, Ma L, Richards DA, Wilks ST, Milenković D, Xiao J, Sorrentino J, Horton J, O'Shaughnessy J. Trilaciclib Prior to Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Final Efficacy and Subgroup Analysis from a Randomized Phase II Study. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:629-636. [PMID: 34887261 PMCID: PMC9377748 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report final antitumor efficacy results from a phase II study of trilaciclib, an intravenous cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, administered prior to gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GCb) in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (NCT02978716). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to group 1 [GCb (days 1, 8); n = 34], group 2 [trilaciclib prior to GCb (days 1, 8); n = 33], or group 3 [trilaciclib (days 1, 8) and trilaciclib prior to GCb (days 2, 9); n = 35]. Subgroup analyses were performed according to CDK4/6 dependence, level of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and RNA-based immune signatures using proportional hazards regression. T-cell receptor (TCR) β CDR3 regions were amplified and sequenced to identify, quantify, and compare the abundance of each unique TCRβ CDR3 at baseline and on treatment. RESULTS Median overall survival (OS) was 12.6 months in group 1, not reached in group 2 (HR = 0.31; P = 0.0016), 17.8 months in group 3 (HR = 0.40; P = 0.0004), and 19.8 months in groups 2 and 3 combined (HR = 0.37; P < 0.0001). Efficacy outcomes were comparable regardless of cancer CDK4/6 dependence status and immune signatures. Administering trilaciclib prior to GCb prolonged OS irrespective of PD-L1 status but had greater benefit in the PD-L1-positive population. T-cell activation was enhanced in patients receiving trilaciclib. CONCLUSIONS Administering trilaciclib prior to GCb enhanced antitumor efficacy, with significant improvements in OS. Efficacy outcomes in immunologic subgroups and enhancements in T-cell activation suggest these improvements may be mediated via immunologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette R. Tan
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina.,Corresponding Author: Antoinette R. Tan, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, 1021 Morehead Medical Drive, Suite 6200, Charlotte, NC 28204. Phone: 980–442–6039; Fax: 980–442–6321; E-mail:
| | - Gail S. Wright
- Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, New Port Richey, Florida
| | | | | | - Lazar Popovic
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Hyo S. Han
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Nikola Vasev
- University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ling Ma
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Lakewood, Colorado
| | | | - Sharon T. Wilks
- Texas Oncology-San Antonio, US Oncology Research, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Jie Xiao
- G1 Therapeutics, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Janet Horton
- G1 Therapeutics, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Joyce O'Shaughnessy
- Texas Oncology—Baylor Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, US Oncology Research, Dallas, Texas
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22
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Mehrotra A, Bhushan B, Kumar A, Panigrahi M, Chauhan A, Kumari S, Saini BL, Dutt T, Mishra BP. Characterisation and comparison of immune response mechanisms in an indigenous and a commercial pig breed after classical swine fever vaccination. Anim Genet 2021; 53:68-79. [PMID: 34729794 DOI: 10.1111/age.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The live attenuated classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine has been successfully used to prevent and control CSF outbreaks for 6 decades. However, the immune response mechanisms against the vaccine remain poorly understood. Moreover, very few reports exist regarding the breed differences in the response to CSF vaccine. In this study, we generated the peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptomes of indigenous Ghurrah and commercial Landrace pig breeds, before and 7 days after CSF vaccination. Subsequently, between and within-breed differential gene expression analyses were carried out. Results revealed large differences in pre-vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome profiles of the two breeds, which were homogenised 7 days after vaccination. Before vaccination, gene set enrichment analysis showed that pathways related to antigen sensing and innate immune response were enriched in Ghurrah, while pathways related to adaptive immunity were enriched in Landrace. Ghurrah exhibited greater immunomodulation compared to Landrace following the vaccination. In Ghurrah, cell-cycle processes and T-cell response pathways were upregulated after vaccination. However, no pathways were upregulated in Landrace after vaccination. Pathways related to inflammation were downregulated in both the breeds after vaccination. Key regulators of inflammation such as IL1A, IL1B, NFKBIA and TNF genes were strongly downregulated in both the breeds after vaccination. Overall, our results have elucidated the mechanisms of host immune response against CSF vaccination in two distinct breeds and revealed common key genes instrumental in the global immune response to the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mehrotra
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - M Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - A Chauhan
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - S Kumari
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B L Saini
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - T Dutt
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B P Mishra
- Animal Biotechnology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
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Tongmee B, Ontawong A, Lailerd N, Mengamphan K, Amornlerdpisan D. Anti-inflammatory effects and enhancing immune response of freshwater hybrid catfish oil in RAW264.7 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1223. [PMID: 34603520 PMCID: PMC8453337 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the effect of freshwater hybrid catfish oil (FFO) on the inflammatory status of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and investigated the underlying mechanisms. RAW264.7 cells were supplemented with various concentrations [0.125-2% in 0.5% propylene glycol (v/v)] of FFO with or without LPS (1 µg/ml) for 24 h. Inflammatory cytokines and mediators were quantified using ELISA and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results revealed that FFO treatment inhibited the secretion and mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α. In line with this, FFO suppressed the expression and secretion of the inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2. FFO also reduced apoptotic body formation and DNA damage. Correspondingly, FFO enhanced the immune response by modulating the cell cycle regulators p53, cyclin D2 and cyclin E2. Accordingly, FFO may be developed as a nutraceutical product to prevent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bussarin Tongmee
- Agricultural Interdisciplinary Program, Faculty of Engineer and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Atcharaporn Ontawong
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Narissara Lailerd
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kriangsak Mengamphan
- Center of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Doungporn Amornlerdpisan
- Center of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
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24
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Corti C, Antonarelli G, Scotté F, Spano JP, Barrière J, Michot JM, André F, Curigliano G. Seroconversion rate after vaccination against COVID-19 in cancer patients-a systematic review. Ann Oncol 2021; 33:158-168. [PMID: 34718117 PMCID: PMC8552625 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected >210 million people worldwide. An optimal therapeutic approach for COVID-19 remains uncertain, to date. Since the history of cancer was linked to higher mortality rates due to COVID-19, the establishment of a safe and effective vaccine coverage is crucial in these patients. However, patients with cancer (PsC) were mostly excluded from vaccine candidates' clinical trials. This systematic review aims to investigate the current available evidence about the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in PsC. Patients and methods All prospective studies that evaluated the safety and efficacy of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included, with immunogenicity after the first and the second dose as the primary endpoint, when available. Results Vaccination against COVID-19 for PsC seems overall safe and immunogenic after well-conducted vaccination schedules. Yet the seroconversion rate remains lower, lagged or both compared to the general population. Patients with hematologic malignancies, especially those receiving B-cell-depleting agents in the past 12 months, are the most at risk of poor seroconversion. Conclusion A tailored approach to vaccination may be proposed to PsC, especially on the basis of the type of malignancy and of the specific oncologic treatments received.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corti
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Antonarelli
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Scotté
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Département Interdisciplinaire d'Organisation des Parcours Patients, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - J P Spano
- APHP-Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - J Barrière
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinique Saint-Jean, Cagnes-sur-Mer, France
| | - J M Michot
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - F André
- Predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies Group, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, INSERM 981, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - G Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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25
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The Enhancing Immune Response and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Caulerpa lentillifera Extract in RAW 264.7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195734. [PMID: 34641278 PMCID: PMC8510275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Caulerpa lentillifera (CL) is a green seaweed, and its edible part represents added value as a functional ingredient. CL was dried and extracted for the determination of its active compounds and the evaluation of its biological activities. The major constituents of CL extract (CLE), including tannic acid, catechin, rutin, and isoquercetin, exhibited beneficial effects, such as antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic activity, immunomodulatory effects, and anti-cancer activities in in vitro and in vivo models. Whether CLE has an anti-inflammatory effect and immune response remains unclear. Methods: This study examined the effect of CLE on the inflammatory status and immune response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the mechanisms involved therein. RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of CLE (0.1–1000 µg/mL) with or without LPS (1 µg/mL) for 24 h. Expression and production of the inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and mediators were evaluated. Results: CLE suppressed expression and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, CLE inhibited expression and secretion of the inflammatory enzyme COX-2 and the mediators PGE2 and NO. CLE also reduced DNA damage. Furthermore, CLE stimulated the immune response by modulating the cell cycle regulators p27, p53, cyclin D2, and cyclin E2. Conclusions: CLE inhibits inflammatory responses in LPS-activated macrophages by downregulating inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Furthermore, CLE has an immunomodulatory effect by modulating cell cycle regulators.
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26
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Tamura R, Yoshihara K, Matsuo K, Yachida N, Miyoshi A, Takahashi K, Sugino K, Yamaguchi M, Mori Y, Suda K, Ishiguro T, Okuda S, Motoyama T, Nakaoka H, Kikuchi A, Ueda Y, Inoue I, Enomoto T. Proposing a molecular classification associated with hypercoagulation in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 163:327-333. [PMID: 34452748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is associated with high incidence of thromboembolism, the clinicopathological and biological significance of hypercoagulable status in CCC remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed pretreatment D-dimer levels, thromboembolic status, and clinical outcome of 125 CCCs in the discovery set and 143 CCCs in two other independent validation sets. Next, we performed RNA sequencing of 93 CCCs and compared coagulation-related gene profiles with 2492 pan-cancer data. We investigated differences in molecular characteristics of CCC subclasses based on coagulation status. RESULTS In the discovery dataset, D-dimer elevation above the normal range was significantly associated with shorter progression-free and overall survival, irrespective to thromboembolic status. Multivariate analysis identified D-dimer elevation and clinical stage as an independent prognostic factors. We confirmed the prognostic significance of D-dimer elevation in the validation sets. Tissue factor and IL6, which are considered key elements of cancer-induced hypercoagulation, were highly expressed in CCC than in other cancers regardless of D-dimer level. Higher activity of various oncogenic pathways was observed in CCC with compared to without D-dimer elevation. Moreover, hierarchical cluster analysis divided 57 CCCs with D-dimer elevation into immunologically hot and cold tumor subtypes. Hot tumors were characterized by enrichment of T-cell inflamed phenotype, inflammation, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and high serum levels of CRP, and cold tumors by enrichment of cell cycle and MYC pathways. CONCLUSIONS CCC represents hypercoagulable disease and elevate D-dimer is a prognostic factor for decreased survival in CCC. D-dimer high CCC has distinct molecular characteristics into the inflammatory-driven pathway (hot tumor) and the immune-suppressive pathway (cold tumor). Treatment implication of our proposed molecular classification merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nozomi Yachida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ai Miyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takahashi
- Department of Gynecology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manako Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Suda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiguro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Medical AI Center, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Teiichi Motoyama
- Department of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Department of Cancer Genome Research, Sasaki Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Gynecology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Human Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Thakkar A, Gonzalez-Lugo JD, Goradia N, Gali R, Shapiro LC, Pradhan K, Rahman S, Kim SY, Ko B, Sica RA, Kornblum N, Bachier-Rodriguez L, McCort M, Goel S, Perez-Soler R, Packer S, Sparano J, Gartrell B, Makower D, Goldstein YD, Wolgast L, Verma A, Halmos B. Seroconversion rates following COVID-19 vaccination among patients with cancer. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1081-1090.e2. [PMID: 34133951 PMCID: PMC8179248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As COVID-19 adversely affects patients with cancer, prophylactic strategies are critically needed. Using a validated antibody assay against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, we determined a high seroconversion rate (94%) in 200 patients with cancer in New York City that had received full dosing with one of the FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccines. On comparison with solid tumors (98%), a significantly lower rate of seroconversion was observed in patients with hematologic malignancies (85%), particularly recipients following highly immunosuppressive therapies such as anti-CD20 therapies (70%) and stem cell transplantation (73%). Patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (97%) or hormonal therapies (100%) demonstrated high seroconversion post vaccination. Patients with prior COVID-19 infection demonstrated higher anti-spike IgG titers post vaccination. Relatively lower IgG titers were observed following vaccination with the adenoviral than with mRNA-based vaccines. These data demonstrate generally high immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination in oncology patients and identify immunosuppressed cohorts that need novel vaccination or passive immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Thakkar
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jesus D Gonzalez-Lugo
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Niyati Goradia
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Radhika Gali
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lauren C Shapiro
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kith Pradhan
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Shafia Rahman
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Brian Ko
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - R Alejandro Sica
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Noah Kornblum
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Margaret McCort
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Roman Perez-Soler
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stuart Packer
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joseph Sparano
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Benjamin Gartrell
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Della Makower
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yitz D Goldstein
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lucia Wolgast
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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28
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da Silveira WA, Fazelinia H, Rosenthal SB, Laiakis EC, Kim MS, Meydan C, Kidane Y, Rathi KS, Smith SM, Stear B, Ying Y, Zhang Y, Foox J, Zanello S, Crucian B, Wang D, Nugent A, Costa HA, Zwart SR, Schrepfer S, Elworth RAL, Sapoval N, Treangen T, MacKay M, Gokhale NS, Horner SM, Singh LN, Wallace DC, Willey JS, Schisler JC, Meller R, McDonald JT, Fisch KM, Hardiman G, Taylor D, Mason CE, Costes SV, Beheshti A. Comprehensive Multi-omics Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial Stress as a Central Biological Hub for Spaceflight Impact. Cell 2021; 183:1185-1201.e20. [PMID: 33242417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spaceflight is known to impose changes on human physiology with unknown molecular etiologies. To reveal these causes, we used a multi-omics, systems biology analytical approach using biomedical profiles from fifty-nine astronauts and data from NASA's GeneLab derived from hundreds of samples flown in space to determine transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and epigenetic responses to spaceflight. Overall pathway analyses on the multi-omics datasets showed significant enrichment for mitochondrial processes, as well as innate immunity, chronic inflammation, cell cycle, circadian rhythm, and olfactory functions. Importantly, NASA's Twin Study provided a platform to confirm several of our principal findings. Evidence of altered mitochondrial function and DNA damage was also found in the urine and blood metabolic data compiled from the astronaut cohort and NASA Twin Study data, indicating mitochondrial stress as a consistent phenotype of spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Man S Kim
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yared Kidane
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Komal S Rathi
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Stear
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yue Ying
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Dong Wang
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | | | - Sara R Zwart
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Larry N Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Meller
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - J Tyson McDonald
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C. 20057, USA
| | | | - Gary Hardiman
- Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Deanne Taylor
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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Integrated Molecular Docking with Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Simiao Powder in the Treatment of Acute Gouty Arthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5570968. [PMID: 34007291 PMCID: PMC8100412 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5570968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of gout has been rapidly increasing in recent years with the changing of diet. At present, modern medications used in the clinical treatment of gout showed several side effects, such as gastrointestinal damage and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The traditional Chinese prescription Simiao Powder (SMP) has a long history in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis (AGA) and has a good curative effect. However, the mechanism and target of its therapeutic effects are still not completely understood. Methods Potential active compounds (PACs) and targets of SMP were found in the TCMSP database, and the disease target genes related to AGA were obtained by searching CTD, DisGeNET, DrugBank, GeneCards, TTD, OMIM, and PharmGKB disease databases with “acute gouty arthritis” and “Arthritis, Gouty” as keywords, respectively. The network of “Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-PACs-potential targets of acute gouty arthritis” was constructed with the Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, and the target genes of acute gouty arthritis were intersected with genes regulated by active compounds of SMP. The resultant common gene targets were input into Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, and the BisoGenet plug-in was used to construct a PPI network. The GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the intersecting target proteins were performed using R software and corresponding program packages. The molecular docking verification was carried out between the potentially active compounds of SMP and the core target at the same time. Results 40 active components and 203 targets were identified, of which 95 targets were common targets for the drugs and diseases. GO function enrichment analysis revealed that SMP regulated several biological processes, such as response to lipopolysaccharide and oxidative stress, RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex, protein kinase complex, and other cellular and molecular processes, including DNA-binding transcription factor binding. Results of KEGG pathway analysis showed that SMP was associated with AGA-related pathways such as interleukin-17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), p53, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that active compounds in SMP exhibited strong binding to five core protein receptors (TP53, FN1, ESR1, CDK2, and HSPA5). Conclusions Active components of SMP, such as quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, baicalein, beta-sitosterol, and rutaecarpine, showed therapeutic effects on AGA. These compounds were strongly associated with core target proteins (such as TP53, FN1, ESR1, CDK2, and HSPA5). This study reveals that IL-17, TNF, p53, and HIF-1 signaling pathways mediate the therapeutic effects of SMP on AGA. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanism of SMP in the treatment of AGA.
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Hassan GS, Georgey HH, Mohammed EZ, George RF, Mahmoud WR, Omar FA. Mechanistic selectivity investigation and 2D-QSAR study of some new antiproliferative pyrazoles and pyrazolopyridines as potential CDK2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113389. [PMID: 33784602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Novel series of diphenyl-1H-pyrazoles (4a-g) and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines (5a-g and 7a-i) were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell line (MCF7) and Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). The highest MCF7 growth inhibition activity was attained via compounds 4f and 7e (IC50 = 1.29 and 0.93 μM, respectively), while compounds 5b and 7f were the most active ones against HepG2 (IC50 = 1.57 and 1.33 μM, respectively) compared to doxorubicin (IC50 = 1.88 and 7.30 μM, respectively). Cell cycle analysis showed arrest at S and G2-M phases in MCF7 cells treated with 4f and 7e, and at G2-M and G1/S phases in HepG2 cells treated with 5b and 7f, respectively. Apoptotic effect of compounds 4f, 5b, 7e, and 7f was indicated via their pre-G1 early and late apoptotic effects and augmented levels of caspase-9/MCF7 and caspase-3/HepG2. A worthy safety profile was assessed for compounds 4f and 7e on MCF10A and compounds 5b and 7f on THLE2 treated normal cells. Furthermore, compounds 4f, 5b and 7f displayed a promising selective profile for CDK2 inhibition vs. CDK1, CDK4, and CDK7 isoforms as proved from their selectivity index. Docking in CDK2 ATP binding site, co-crystallized with R-Roscovitine, demonstrated analogous interactions and comparable binding energy with the native ligand. 2D QSAR sighted the possible structural features governing the CDK2 inhibition activity elicited by the studied pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines. These findings present compounds 4f, 5b, and 7f as selective CDK2 inhibitors with promising antiproliferative activity against MCF7 and HepG2 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaneya S Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department,School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Georgey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, 11777, Egypt
| | - Esraa Z Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Riham F George
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Walaa R Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Farghaly A Omar
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assuit University, 71526, Egypt
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31
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Gao H, Ouyang T, Zhang L, Hu J, Hu S, Kan H. Comprehensive Analysis of CDCAs Methylation and Immune Infiltrates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:566183. [PMID: 33665158 PMCID: PMC7921702 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.566183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As essential components of cycle growth, the cell division cycle-associated family genes (CDCAs) have crucial roles in tumor development and progression, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, due to the tumor heterogeneity of HCC, little is known about the methylation variability of CDCAs in mediating phenotypic changes (e.g., immune infiltrates) in HCC. Presently, we aim to comprehensively explore the expression and prognosis of CDCAs methylation with regard to immune infiltrates of HCC. Methods We first identified the correlating differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) among 19 different types of cancer cohorts (a total of 7,783 patients) and then constructed the weighted gene co-expressed and co-methylated networks. Applying the clustering analysis, significant modules of DEGs including CDCAs were selected and their functional bioinformatics analyses were performed. Besides, using DiseaseMeth and TIMER, the correlation between the methylation levels of CDCAs and tumor immune infiltrates was also analyzed. In final, to assess the influence of CDCAs methylation on clinical prognosis, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were carried out. Result A total of 473 co-DEGs are successfully identified, while seven genes of CDCAs (CDCA1–3 and CDCA5–8) have significant over-expression in HCC. Co-expressed and co-methylated networks reveal the strong positive correlations in mRNA expression and methylation levels of CDCAs. Besides, the biological enrichment analysis of CDCAs demonstrates that they are significantly related to the immune function regulation of infiltrating immune cells in HCC. Also, the methylation analysis of CDCAs depicts the strong association with the tumor immunogenicity, i.e., low-methylation of CDCA1, CDCA2, and CDCA8 dramatically reduced the immune infiltrate levels of T cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes. Additionally, CDCA1–6 and CDCA8 with low-methylation levels significantly deteriorate the overall survival of patients in HCC. Conclusions The co-expressed and co-methylated gene networks of CDCAs show a powerful association with immune function regulation. And the methylation levels of CDCAs suggesting the prognostic value and infiltrating immune differences could be a novel and predictive biomarker for the response of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Wang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Computer Application Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Honglei Gao
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jili Hu
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongxing Kan
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Computer Application Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei, China
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Müller A, Dickmanns A, Resch C, Schäkel K, Hailfinger S, Dobbelstein M, Schulze-Osthoff K, Kramer D. The CDK4/6-EZH2 pathway is a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5765-5781. [PMID: 32701505 DOI: 10.1172/jci134217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a frequent, inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and a disease-related infiltration of immune cells. Here, we identified a novel proinflammatory signaling pathway driven by cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 and the methyltransferase EZH2 as a valid target for psoriasis therapy. Delineation of the pathway revealed that CDK4/6 phosphorylated EZH2 in keratinocytes, thereby triggering a methylation-induced activation of STAT3. Subsequently, active STAT3 resulted in the induction of IκBζ, which is a key proinflammatory transcription factor required for cytokine synthesis in psoriasis. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of CDK4/6 or EZH2 abrogated psoriasis-related proinflammatory gene expression by suppressing IκBζ induction in keratinocytes. Importantly, topical application of CDK4/6 or EZH2 inhibitors on the skin was sufficient to fully prevent the development of psoriasis in various mouse models by suppressing STAT3-mediated IκBζ expression. Moreover, we found a hyperactivation of the CDK4/6-EZH2 pathway in human and mouse psoriatic skin lesions. Thus, this study not only identifies a novel psoriasis-relevant proinflammatory pathway, but also proposes the repurposing of CDK4/6 or EZH2 inhibitors as a new therapeutic option for patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Müller
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antje Dickmanns
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Resch
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Dobbelstein
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Zhao S, Hao CL, Zhao EH, Jiang HM, Zheng HC. The Suppressing Effects of Dkk3 Expression on Aggressiveness and Tumorigenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:600322. [PMID: 33425757 PMCID: PMC7794014 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.600322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dkk3 has been discovered during comparison of immortalized and parental cells. Its expression has been shown to reduce colony formation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells, acting as a tumor suppressor. Herein, we demonstrate that Dkk3 overexpression or protein treatment may inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and that they may promote apoptosis and G2 phase arrest with hypoexpression of Bcl-2, cdc25B, cdc25c, N-cadherin, slug, and twist and hyperexpression of Bax and E-cadherin. This effect is consistent with that of recombinant Dkk3 exposure and blocked with anti-Dkk3 antibody. Dkk3 deletion in intestinal cells was not associated with the emergence of epithelial lesions; however, adenoma emerged after sodium desoxycholate treatment. At both mRNA and protein levels, Dkk3 expression was higher in normal than in cancer tissues (p<0.05). Dkk3 mRNA expression was negatively associated with its promoter methylation, growth pattern, differentiation, and favorable prognosis in the patients with colorectal cancer (p<0.05). Dkk3-related signal pathways in colorectal cancer included those of cellular adhesion and migration, melanogenesis, chemokine, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT, TOLL-like receptor, TGF-β, MAPK, and calcium signaling (p<0.05). These findings indicate that Dkk3 expression levels can help assess cancer aggressiveness and patient prognosis. It might also suppress aggressive phenotypes and tumorigenesis as a molecular target in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Chang-Lai Hao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - En-Hong Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hua-Mao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
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Lee HS, Jeong GS. Salinosporamide A, a Marine-Derived Proteasome Inhibitor, Inhibits T Cell Activation through Regulating Proliferation and the Cell Cycle. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215031. [PMID: 33138297 PMCID: PMC7663257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate regulation of T cell activity under inflammatory conditions is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis. Salinosporamide A discovered as a self-resistance product from the marine bacterium Salinospora tropica, has been used as a potent proteasome inhibitor (PI). Although PIs have been developed as novel therapeutics for autoimmune diseases, due to their immunosuppressive effect, whether salinosporamide A inhibits T cell activation remains unknown. The current study finds that salinosporamide A is not cytotoxic, but controls T cell proliferation. Results from our cell cycle arrest analysis revealed that salinosporamide A leads to cell cycle arrest and regulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases. Under activated conditions, salinosporamide A abrogated T cell activation by T cell receptor-mediated stimulation, in which the production of cytokines was inhibited by pretreatment with salinosporamide A. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the regulation of T cell activation by salinosporamide A is mediated by suppressing the MAPK pathway. Therefore, our results suggest that salinosporamide A effectively suppresses T cell activation through regulating T cell proliferation and the cell cycle and provides great insight into the development of novel therapeutics for autoimmune diseases or graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-580-6649; Fax: +82-53-580-6645
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Young BD, Serrano XM, Rosales SM, Miller MW, Williams D, Traylor-Knowles N. Innate immune gene expression in Acropora palmata is consistent despite variance in yearly disease events. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228514. [PMID: 33091033 PMCID: PMC7580945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral disease outbreaks are expected to increase in prevalence, frequency and severity due to climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. This is especially worrying for the Caribbean branching coral Acropora palmata which has already seen an 80% decrease in cover primarily due to disease. Despite the importance of this keystone species, there has yet to be a characterization of its transcriptomic response to disease exposure. In this study we provide the first transcriptomic analysis of 12 A. palmata genotypes and their symbiont Symbiodiniaceae exposed to disease in 2016 and 2017. Year was the primary driver of gene expression variance for A. palmata and the Symbiodiniaceae. We hypothesize that lower expression of ribosomal genes in the coral, and higher expression of transmembrane ion transport genes in the Symbiodiniaceae indicate that a compensation or dysbiosis may be occurring between host and symbiont. Disease response was the second driver of gene expression variance for A. palmata and included a core set of 422 genes that were significantly differentially expressed. Of these, 2 genes (a predicted cyclin-dependent kinase 11b and aspartate 1-decarboxylase) showed negative Log2 fold changes in corals showing transmission of disease, and positive Log2 fold changes in corals showing no transmission of disease, indicating that these may be important in disease resistance. Co-expression analysis identified two modules positively correlated to disease exposure, one enriched for lipid biosynthesis genes, and the other enriched in innate immune genes. The hub gene in the immune module was identified as D-amino acid oxidase, a gene implicated in phagocytosis and microbiome homeostasis. The role of D-amino acid oxidase in coral immunity has not been characterized but could be an important enzyme for responding to disease. Our results indicate that A. palmata mounts a core immune response to disease exposure despite differences in the disease type and virulence between 2016 and 2017. These identified genes may be important for future biomarker development in this Caribbean keystone species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Young
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Xaymara M. Serrano
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M. Rosales
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Margaret W. Miller
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL, United States of America
- SECORE International, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Dana Williams
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Nikki Traylor-Knowles
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Targeting Cell Cycle in Breast Cancer: CDK4/6 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186479. [PMID: 32899866 PMCID: PMC7554788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of cell cycle, via cyclin D/CDK/pRb pathway, is frequently observed in breast cancer lending support to the development of drugs targeting the cell cycle control machinery, like the inhibitors of the cycline-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6. Up to now, three CDK4/6 inhibitors have been approved by FDA for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. These agents have been effective in improving the clinical outcomes, but the development of intrinsic or acquired resistance can limit the efficacy of these treatments. Clinical and translational research is now focused on investigation of the mechanism of sensitivity/resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition and novel therapeutic strategies aimed to improve clinical outcomes. This review summarizes the available knowledge regarding CDK4/6 inhibitor, the discovery of new biomarkers of response, and the biological rationale for new combination strategies of treatment.
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Xu W, Chen S, Wang X, Tanaka S, Onda K, Sugiyama K, Yamada H, Hirano T. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications of tetrandrine and cepharanthine in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and autoimmune diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 217:107659. [PMID: 32800789 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriately activated T cells mediate autoimmune diseases and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Glucocorticoid and chemotherapeutic agents have largely extended lives of these patients. However, serious side effects and drug resistance often limit the prognosis of considerable number of the patients. The efficient treatment of autoimmune diseases or T-ALL with drug resistance remains an important unmet demand clinically. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids tetrandrine and cepharanthine have been applied for the treatment of certain types of autoimmune diseases and cancers, while studies on their action mechanisms and their further applications combined with glucocorticoids or chemotherapeutic agents remains to be expanded. This review introduced molecular mechanisms of tetrandrine and cepharanthine in T cells, including their therapeutic implications. Both tetrandrine and cepharnthine influence the growth of activated T cells via several kinds of signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, caspase cascades, cell cycle, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR. According to recent preclinical and clinical studies, P-glycoprotein inhibitory effect of tetrandrine and cepharnthine could play a significant role on T cell-involved refractory diseases. Therefore, tetrandrine or cepharanthine combined with glucocorticoid or other anti-leukemia drugs would bring a new hope for patients with glucocorticoid-resistant autoimmune disease or refractory T-ALL accompanied with functional P-glycoprotein. In conclusion, bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids tetrandrine and cepharanthine can regulate several signaling pathways in abnormally activated T cells with low toxicity. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids deserve to be paid more attention as a lead compound to develop new drugs for the treatment of T cell-involved diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shuhe Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Sachiko Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kenji Onda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Haruki Yamada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Hirano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Omarini C, Molinaro E, Barbolini M, Dominici M, Piacentini F. Henoch-schönlein Purpura (HSP) in a patient on Abemaciclib. Breast 2020; 52:132-133. [PMID: 32512359 PMCID: PMC7375539 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Molinaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Barbolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Piacentini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
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Grzywa TM, Sosnowska A, Matryba P, Rydzynska Z, Jasinski M, Nowis D, Golab J. Myeloid Cell-Derived Arginase in Cancer Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:938. [PMID: 32499785 PMCID: PMC7242730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid metabolism is a critical regulator of the immune response, and its modulating becomes a promising approach in various forms of immunotherapy. Insufficient concentrations of essential amino acids restrict T-cells activation and proliferation. However, only arginases, that degrade L-arginine, as well as enzymes that hydrolyze L-tryptophan are substantially increased in cancer. Two arginase isoforms, ARG1 and ARG2, have been found to be present in tumors and their increased activity usually correlates with more advanced disease and worse clinical prognosis. Nearly all types of myeloid cells were reported to produce arginases and the increased numbers of various populations of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages correlate with inferior clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Here, we describe the role of arginases produced by myeloid cells in regulating various populations of immune cells, discuss molecular mechanisms of immunoregulatory processes involving L-arginine metabolism and outline therapeutic approaches to mitigate the negative effects of arginases on antitumor immune response. Development of potent arginase inhibitors, with improved pharmacokinetic properties, may lead to the elaboration of novel therapeutic strategies based on targeting immunoregulatory pathways controlled by L-arginine degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sosnowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Matryba
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Neurobiology BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- The Doctoral School of the Medical University of Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rydzynska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Jasinski
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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40
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Petroni G, Formenti SC, Chen-Kiang S, Galluzzi L. Immunomodulation by anticancer cell cycle inhibitors. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:669-679. [PMID: 32346095 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle proteins that are often dysregulated in malignant cells, such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6, have attracted considerable interest as potential targets for cancer therapy. In this context, multiple inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6 have been developed, including three small molecules (palbociclib, abemaciclib and ribociclib) that are currently approved for the treatment of patients with breast cancer and are being extensively tested in individuals with other solid and haematological malignancies. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that the anticancer activity of CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors results not only from their ability to block the cell cycle in malignant cells but also from a range of immunostimulatory effects. In this Review, we discuss the ability of anticancer cell cycle inhibitors to modulate various immune functions in support of effective antitumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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Hsu AY, Wang D, Liu S, Lu J, Syahirah R, Bennin DA, Huttenlocher A, Umulis DM, Wan J, Deng Q. Phenotypical microRNA screen reveals a noncanonical role of CDK2 in regulating neutrophil migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18561-18570. [PMID: 31451657 PMCID: PMC6744913 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905221116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil migration is essential for inflammatory responses to kill pathogens; however, excessive neutrophilic inflammation also leads to tissue injury and adverse effects. To discover novel therapeutic targets that modulate neutrophil migration, we performed a neutrophil-specific microRNA (miRNA) overexpression screen in zebrafish and identified 8 miRNAs as potent suppressors of neutrophil migration. Among those, miR-199 decreases neutrophil chemotaxis in zebrafish and human neutrophil-like cells. Intriguingly, in terminally differentiated neutrophils, miR-199 alters the cell cycle-related pathways and directly suppresses cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2), whose known activity is restricted to cell cycle progression and cell differentiation. Inhibiting Cdk2, but not DNA replication, disrupts cell polarity and chemotaxis of zebrafish neutrophils without inducing cell death. Human neutrophil-like cells deficient in CDK2 fail to polarize and display altered signaling downstream of the formyl peptide receptor. Chemotaxis of primary human neutrophils is also reduced upon CDK2 inhibition. Furthermore, miR-199 overexpression or CDK2 inhibition significantly improves the outcome of lethal systemic inflammation challenges in zebrafish. Our results therefore reveal previously unknown functions of miR-199 and CDK2 in regulating neutrophil migration and provide directions in alleviating systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Y Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Decheng Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, 443002 Yichang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Justice Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ramizah Syahirah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - David A Bennin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - David M Umulis
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, & Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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42
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Niu Y, Xu J, Sun T. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Current Status, Resistance, and Combination Strategies. J Cancer 2019; 10:5504-5517. [PMID: 31632494 PMCID: PMC6775706 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated activation of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4/6, leading to uncontrolled cell division, is hallmark of cancers. Further study of the cell cycle will advance the cancer treatment. As powerful and effective drugs, inhibitors of CDK 4/6 have been widely used in clinical practice for several malignancies, particularly against breast cancers driven by the estrogen receptor (ER). Three CDK4/6 inhibitors, including palbociclib (PD0332991), ribociclib (LEE011) and abemaciclib (LY2835219), have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer. However, CDK4/6 inhibitors act downstream of many mitogenic signaling pathways, and this has implications for resistance. It is worth to note that the mechanisms of resistance are not very clear. Up to now, a small number of preclinical and clinical studies have explored potential mechanisms of CDK4/6 inhibitors resistance in breast cancer. On this basis, rational and effective combination therapy is under development. Here we review the current knowledge about the mechanisms and efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors, and summarize data on resistance mechanisms to make future combination therapies more accurate and reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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