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Andani FM, Talebi-Garakani E, Ashabi G, Ganbarirad M, Hashemnia M, Sharifi M, Ghasemi M. Exercise-activated hepatic autophagy combined with silymarin is associated with suppression of apoptosis in rats subjected to dexamethasone induced- fatty liver damage. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:928. [PMID: 39172304 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM There is a need for effective treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that are economically inexpensive, and have few side effects. The present study aimed to investigate exercise training and silymarin on hepatocyte death factors in rats with liver damage. METHODS Forty-nine male Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups: sedentary control, fatty liver control (DEX), fatty liver + high-intensity interval training (HIIT), fatty liver + HIIT + silymarin (HIIT + SILY), fatty liver + continuous training (CT), fatty liver + CT + silymarin (CT + SILY), and fatty liver + silymarin (SILY). A subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone for 7 days was used to induce fatty liver in rats. Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin staining were done to evaluate hepatic injury. The hepatocyte apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay. Real-Time PCR was conducted to evaluate the gene expressions of caspase-9, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), and damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM). Liver tissue changes and serum levels of liver enzymes were also evaluated. RESULTS Liver apoptosis was decreased in the CT, HIIT, HIIT + SILY and CT + SILY groups compared to the DEX group. Both continuous and high-intensity training models produced beneficial alterations in liver morphology and hepatic injuries that were significant in exercise training + silymarin group. This impact was accompanied by increased AMPKα1 and DRAM gene expression and decreased caspase-9 and Mfn2 gene expression. Liver enzyme levels were high in the DEX group and treatment with silymarin significantly reduced it. CONCLUSION Silymarin supplementation combined with interval or continuous training substantially improves DEX-induced hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte injury mostly through suppressing liver apoptosis and upregulating autophagy, which may provide a novel perspective for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mokhtari Andani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elahe Talebi-Garakani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ganbarirad
- Gerash Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Iu ECY, So H, Chan CB. Mitochondrial defects in sporadic inclusion body myositis-causes and consequences. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1403463. [PMID: 38808223 PMCID: PMC11130370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1403463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is a distinct subcategory of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM), characterized by unique pathological features such as muscle inflammation, rimmed vacuoles, and protein aggregation within the myofibers. Although hyperactivation of the immune system is widely believed as the primary cause of IIM, it is debated whether non-immune tissue dysfunction might contribute to the disease's onset as patients with sIBM are refractory to conventional immunosuppressant treatment. Moreover, the findings that mitochondrial dysfunction can elicit non-apoptotic programmed cell death and the subsequent immune response further support this hypothesis. Notably, abnormal mitochondrial structure and activities are more prominent in the muscle of sIBM than in other types of IIM, suggesting the presence of defective mitochondria might represent an overlooked contributor to the disease onset. The large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletion, aberrant protein aggregation, and slowed organelle turnover have provided mechanistic insights into the genesis of impaired mitochondria in sIBM. This article reviews the disease hallmarks of sIBM, the plausible contributors of mitochondrial damage in the sIBM muscle, and the immunological responses associated with mitochondrial perturbations. Additionally, the potential application of mitochondrial-targeted chemicals as a new treatment strategy to sIBM is explored and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Chit Yu Iu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Jenner A, Garcia-Saez AJ. The regulation of the apoptotic pore-An immunological tightrope walk. Adv Immunol 2024; 162:59-108. [PMID: 38866439 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Apoptotic pore formation in mitochondria is the pivotal point for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis. It is regulated by BCL-2 family proteins in response to various cellular stress triggers and mediates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). This allows the release of mitochondrial contents into the cytosol, which triggers rapid cell death and clearance through the activation of caspases. However, under conditions of low caspase activity, the mitochondrial contents released into the cytosol through apoptotic pores serve as inflammatory signals and activate various inflammatory responses. In this chapter, we discuss how the formation of the apoptotic pore is regulated by BCL-2 proteins as well as other cellular or mitochondrial proteins and membrane lipids. Moreover, we highlight the importance of sublethal MOMP in the regulation of mitochondrial-activated inflammation and discuss its physiological consequences in the context of pathogen infection and disease and how it can potentially be exploited therapeutically, for example to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jenner
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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4
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Gao Y, Dong R, Yan J, Chen H, Sang L, Yao X, Fan D, Wang X, Zuo X, Zhang X, Yang S, Wu Z, Sun J. Mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinase is required for female fertility in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:427-439. [PMID: 38327186 PMCID: PMC10984852 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis plays a pivotal role in oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Deoxyguanosine kinase (DGUOK) is a nucleoside kinase that salvages purine nucleosides in mitochondria and is critical for mitochondrial DNA replication and homeostasis in non-proliferating cells. Dguok loss-of-function mutations and deletions lead to hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA deletion syndrome. However, its potential role in reproduction remains largely unknown. In this study, we find that Dguok knockout results in female infertility. Mechanistically, DGUOK deficiency hinders ovarian development and oocyte maturation. Moreover, DGUOK deficiency in oocytes causes a significant reduction in mitochondrial DNA copy number and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and impairs germinal vesicle breakdown. Only few DGUOK-deficient oocytes can extrude their first polar body during in vitro maturation, and these oocytes exhibit irregular chromosome arrangements and different spindle lengths. In addition, DGUOK deficiency elevates reactive oxygen species levels and accelerates oocyte apoptosis. Our findings reveal novel physiological roles for the mitochondrial nucleoside salvage pathway in oocyte maturation and implicate DGUOK as a potential marker for the diagnosis of female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yake Gao
- Center for Life SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650091China
| | - Rui Dong
- Center for Life SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650091China
| | - Jiacong Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicinethe First People’s Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceNHC Key Laboratory of Preconception Health Birth in Western ChinaKunming650100China
| | - Huicheng Chen
- Center for Life SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650091China
| | - Lei Sang
- Center for Life SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650091China
| | - Xinyi Yao
- Center for Life SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650091China
| | - Die Fan
- Center for Life SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650091China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Life SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650091China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zuo
- Center for Life SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650091China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Life SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650091China
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyThe Penn State University College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Ze Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicinethe First People’s Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceNHC Key Laboratory of Preconception Health Birth in Western ChinaKunming650100China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Center for Life SciencesYunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in YunnanSchool of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650091China
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5
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Zhou L, Su W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xia Z, Lei S. FOXO1 reduces STAT3 activation and causes impaired mitochondrial quality control in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:732-744. [PMID: 37961034 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of FOXO1 in STAT3 activation and mitochondrial quality control in the diabetic heart. METHODS Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg · kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ), while type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in rats with a high-fat diet through intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg · kg-1 STZ. Primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells were exposed to low glucose (5.5 mM) or high glucose (HG; 30 mM) with or without treatment with the FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 (1 μM) for 24 hours. In addition, the diabetic db/db mice (aged 8 weeks) and sex- and age-matched non-diabetic db/+ mice were treated with vehicle or AS1842856 by oral gavage for 15 days at a dose of 5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 . RESULTS Rats with T1DM or T2DM had excessive cardiac FOXO1 activation, accompanied by decreased STAT3 activation. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analysis showed colocalization and association of FOXO1 and STAT3 under basal conditions in isolated cardiomyocytes. Selective inhibition of FOXO1 activation by AS1842856 or FOXO1 siRNA transfection improved STAT3 activation, mitophagy and mitochondrial fusion, and decreased mitochondrial fission in isolated cardiomyocytes exposed to HG. Transfection with STAT3 siRNA further reduced mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion and increased mitochondrial fission in HG-treated cardiomyocytes. AS1842856 alleviated cardiac dysfunction, pathological damage and improved STAT3 activation, mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in diabetic db/db mice. Additionally, AS1842856 improved mitochondrial function indicated by increased mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate production and decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in isolated cardiomyocytes exposed to HG. CONCLUSIONS Excessive FOXO1 activation during diabetes reduces STAT3 activation, with subsequent impairment of mitochondrial quality, ultimately promoting the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wating Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuefu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqing Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Peng L, Ji Y, Li Y, You Y, Zhou Y. PRDX6-iPLA2 aggravates neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke via regulating astrocytes-induced M1 microglia. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:76. [PMID: 38287382 PMCID: PMC10823689 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia plays a pivotal role in neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke, and phenotypic distribution of these cells can change with the progression of ischemic stroke. Peroxiredoxin (PRDX) 6 phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activity is involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS), with ROS driving the activation of microglia and astrocytes; however, its exact function remains unexplored. MJ33, PRDX6D140A mutation was used to block PRDX6-iPLA2 activity in vitro and vivo after ischemic stroke. PRDX6T177A mutation was used to block the phosphorylation of PRDX6 in CTX-TNA2 cell lines. NAC, GSK2795039, Mdivi-1, U0126, and SB202190 were used to block the activity of ROS, NOX2, mitochondrial fission, ERK, and P38, respectively, in CTX-TNA2 cells. In ischemic stroke, PRDX6 is mainly expressed in astrocytes and PRDX6-iPLA2 is involved in the activation of astrocytes and microglia. In co-culture system, Asp140 mutation in PRDX6 of CTX-TNA2 inhibited the polarization of microglia, reduced the production of ROS, suppressed NOX2 activation, and inhibited the Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission following OGD/R. These effects were further strengthened by the inhibition of ROS production. In subsequent experiments, U0126 and SB202190 inhibited the phosphorylation of PRDX6 at Thr177 and reduced PRDX6-iPLA2 activity. These results suggest that PRDX6-iPLA2 plays an important role in the astrocyte-induced generation of ROS and activation of microglia, which are regulated by the activation of Nox2 and Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission pathways. Additionally, PRDX6-iPLA2 activity is regulated by MAPKs via the phosphorylation of PRDX6 at Thr177 in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Ji
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Li
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Farzipour S, Zefrei FJ, Bahadorikhalili S, Alvandi M, Salari A, Shaghaghi Z. Nanotechnology Utilizing Ferroptosis Inducers in Cancer Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:571-589. [PMID: 38275050 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206278427231215111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Current cancer treatment options have presented numerous challenges in terms of reaching high efficacy. As a result, an immediate step must be taken to create novel therapies that can achieve more than satisfying outcomes in the fight against tumors. Ferroptosis, an emerging form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is reliant on iron and reactive oxygen species, has garnered significant attention in the field of cancer therapy. Ferroptosis has been reported to be induced by a variety of small molecule compounds known as ferroptosis inducers (FINs), as well as several licensed chemotherapy medicines. These compounds' low solubility, systemic toxicity, and limited capacity to target tumors are some of the significant limitations that have hindered their clinical effectiveness. A novel cancer therapy paradigm has been created by the hypothesis that ferroptosis induced by nanoparticles has superior preclinical properties to that induced by small drugs and can overcome apoptosis resistance. Knowing the different ideas behind the preparation of nanomaterials that target ferroptosis can be very helpful in generating new ideas. Simultaneously, more improvement in nanomaterial design is needed to make them appropriate for therapeutic treatment. This paper first discusses the fundamentals of nanomedicine-based ferroptosis to highlight the potential and characteristics of ferroptosis in the context of cancer treatment. The latest study on nanomedicine applications for ferroptosis-based anticancer therapy is then highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Farzipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jalali Zefrei
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Bahadorikhalili
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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8
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Zhao H, Gao H, Zhang Y, Lan T, Wang J, Zhao H, Zhang H, Xue M, Liang H. Folic Acid Protects against Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Mitophagy Imbalance by ROS Scavenging and Attenuating the Elevated Hcy Levels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14276-14288. [PMID: 37738285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Ample evidence indicates that ethanol-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are central to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). As an adaptive quality control mechanism, mitophagy removes dysfunctional mitochondria to avert hepatic lesions in ALD. Folic acid exhibits potential radical scavenging properties and has been proven to ameliorate mitochondrial disorder in oxidative stress-related diseases. In this study, we aimed to uncover the mitophagy regulatory effects of folic acid in a 10w alcohol C57BL/6J mice feeding model (56% v/v) and L02 cells model cultured with ethanol (2.5% v/v). The results showed that folic acid alleviates ethanol-induced liver injury, decreasing oxidative stress and restoring liver enzyme. Furthermore, folic acid improved the mitochondrial function and inhibited ethanol-activated mitophagy through decreasing PINK1-Parkin and Drp1 expression, which inhibited the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C to the cytoplasm, preventing hepatocyte apoptosis. Intriguingly, folic acid attenuates the elevated hepatic homocysteine (Hcy) level. Additionally, the pretreatment of L02 cells with folic acid also ameliorated Hcy-induced oxidative damage, mitochondrial fission, and mitophagy. In summary, these results suggest that folic acid has beneficial effects in mitophagy remodeling by ROS scavenging and facilitating Hcy metabolism and could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent against ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Zhao
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University. Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haiqi Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tongtong Lan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Qingdao Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meilan Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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9
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Anton V, Buntenbroich I, Simões T, Joaquim M, Müller L, Buettner R, Odenthal M, Hoppe T, Escobar-Henriques M. E4 ubiquitin ligase promotes mitofusin turnover and mitochondrial stress response. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2976-2990.e9. [PMID: 37595558 PMCID: PMC10434984 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-dependent control of mitochondrial dynamics is important for protein quality and neuronal integrity. Mitofusins, mitochondrial fusion factors, can integrate cellular stress through their ubiquitylation, which is carried out by multiple E3 enzymes in response to many different stimuli. However, the molecular mechanisms that enable coordinated responses are largely unknown. Here we show that yeast Ufd2, a conserved ubiquitin chain-elongating E4 enzyme, is required for mitochondrial shape adjustments. Under various stresses, Ufd2 translocates to mitochondria and triggers mitofusin ubiquitylation. This elongates ubiquitin chains on mitofusin and promotes its proteasomal degradation, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation. Ufd2 and its human homologue UBE4B also target mitofusin mutants associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy characterized by progressive loss of the peripheral nerves. This underscores the pathophysiological importance of E4-mediated ubiquitylation in neurodegeneration. In summary, we identify E4-dependent mitochondrial stress adaptation by linking various metabolic processes to mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Anton
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ira Buntenbroich
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Tânia Simões
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Mariana Joaquim
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Leonie Müller
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany.
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10
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Buntenbroich I, Anton V, Perez-Hernandez D, Simões T, Gaedke F, Schauss A, Dittmar G, Riemer J, Escobar-Henriques M. Docking and stability defects in mitofusin highlight the proteasome as a potential therapeutic target. iScience 2023; 26:107014. [PMID: 37416455 PMCID: PMC10320088 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial fusion are at the base of many diseases. Mitofusins power membrane-remodeling events via self-interaction and GTP hydrolysis. However, how exactly mitofusins mediate fusion of the outer membrane is still unclear. Structural studies enable tailored design of mitofusin variants, providing valuable tools to dissect this stepwise process. Here, we found that the two cysteines conserved between yeast and mammals are required for mitochondrial fusion, revealing two novel steps of the fusion cycle. C381 is dominantly required for the formation of the trans-tethering complex, before GTP hydrolysis. C805 allows stabilizing the Fzo1 protein and the trans-tethering complex, just prior to membrane fusion. Moreover, proteasomal inhibition rescued Fzo1 C805S levels and membrane fusion, suggesting a possible application for clinically approved drugs. Together, our study provides insights into how assembly or stability defects in mitofusins might cause mitofusin-associated diseases and uncovers potential therapeutic intervention by proteasomal inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Buntenbroich
- Institute for Genetics,University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Vincent Anton
- Institute for Genetics,University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Daniel Perez-Hernandez
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen 1445, Luxembourg
| | - Tânia Simões
- Institute for Genetics,University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Felix Gaedke
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen 1445, Luxembourg
| | - Jan Riemer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics,University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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11
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Colpman P, Dasgupta A, Archer SL. The Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitotic Fission in Regulating the Cell Cycle in Cancer and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Implications for Dynamin-Related Protein 1 and Mitofusin2 in Hyperproliferative Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1897. [PMID: 37508561 PMCID: PMC10378656 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, which generate ATP through aerobic respiration, also have important noncanonical functions. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, that engage in fission (division), fusion (joining) and translocation. They also regulate intracellular calcium homeostasis, serve as oxygen-sensors, regulate inflammation, participate in cellular and organellar quality control and regulate the cell cycle. Mitochondrial fission is mediated by the large GTPase, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) which, when activated, translocates to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) where it interacts with binding proteins (Fis1, MFF, MiD49 and MiD51). At a site demarcated by the endoplasmic reticulum, fission proteins create a macromolecular ring that divides the organelle. The functional consequence of fission is contextual. Physiological fission in healthy, nonproliferating cells mediates organellar quality control, eliminating dysfunctional portions of the mitochondria via mitophagy. Pathological fission in somatic cells generates reactive oxygen species and triggers cell death. In dividing cells, Drp1-mediated mitotic fission is critical to cell cycle progression, ensuring that daughter cells receive equitable distribution of mitochondria. Mitochondrial fusion is regulated by the large GTPases mitofusin-1 (Mfn1) and mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), which fuse the OMM, and optic atrophy 1 (OPA-1), which fuses the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial fusion mediates complementation, an important mitochondrial quality control mechanism. Fusion also favors oxidative metabolism, intracellular calcium homeostasis and inhibits cell proliferation. Mitochondrial lipids, cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid, also regulate fission and fusion, respectively. Here we review the role of mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease and discuss emerging concepts in the field, such as the role of central versus peripheral fission and the potential role of dynamin 2 (DNM2) as a fission mediator. In hyperproliferative diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and cancer, Drp1 and its binding partners are upregulated and activated, positing mitochondrial fission as an emerging therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Colpman
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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12
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Han H, Hu S, Hu Y, Liu D, Zhou J, Liu X, Ma X, Dong Y. Mitophagy in ototoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1140916. [PMID: 36909283 PMCID: PMC9995710 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1140916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with ototoxicity, which is caused by external factors. Mitophagy plays a key role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and function and is regulated by a series of key mitophagy regulatory proteins and signaling pathways. The results of ototoxicity models indicate the importance of this process in the etiology of ototoxicity. A number of recent investigations of the control of cell fate by mitophagy have enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms by which mitophagy regulates ototoxicity and other hearing-related diseases, providing opportunities for targeting mitochondria to treat ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhou Han
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sainan Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junbo Zhou
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiulan Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaodong Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Estaras M, Ortiz-Placin C, Castillejo-Rufo A, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Blanco G, Mateos JM, Vara D, Gonzalez-Cordero PL, Chamizo S, Lopez D, Rojas A, Jaen I, de Armas N, Salido GM, Iovanna JL, Santofimia-Castaño P, Gonzalez A. Melatonin controls cell proliferation and modulates mitochondrial physiology in pancreatic stellate cells. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:235-249. [PMID: 36334253 PMCID: PMC9905253 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of melatonin on major pathways related with cellular proliferation and energetic metabolism in pancreatic stellate cells. In the presence of melatonin (1 mM, 100 µM, 10 µM, or 1 µM), decreases in the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and of p44/42 and an increase in the phosphorylation of p38 were observed. Cell viability dropped in the presence of melatonin. A rise in the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase was detected in the presence of 1 mM and 100 µM melatonin. Treatment with 1 mM melatonin decreased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B, whereas 100 µM and 10 µM melatonin increased its phosphorylation. An increase in the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential were noted following melatonin treatment. Basal and maximal respiration, ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation, spare capacity, and proton leak dropped in the presence of melatonin. The expression of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain was augmented in the presence of melatonin. Conversely, in the presence of 1 mM melatonin, decreases in the expression of mitofusins 1 and 2 were detected. The glycolysis and the glycolytic capacity were diminished in cells treated with 1 mM or 100 µM melatonin. Increases in the expression of phosphofructokinase-1 and lactate dehydrogenase were noted in cells incubated with 100 µM, 10 µM, or 1 µM melatonin. The expression of glucose transporter 1 was increased in cells incubated with 10 µM or 1 µM melatonin. Conversely, 1 mM melatonin decreased the expression of all three proteins. Our results suggest that melatonin, at pharmacological concentrations, might modulate mitochondrial physiology and energy metabolism in addition to major pathways involved in pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Estaras
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Candido Ortiz-Placin
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alba Castillejo-Rufo
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Gerardo Blanco
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jose M. Mateos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Vara
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Chamizo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Diego Lopez
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Adela Rojas
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Isabel Jaen
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Noelia de Armas
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática Y Transplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Gines M. Salido
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan L. Iovanna
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Santofimia-Castaño
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Las Ciencias S/N, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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14
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Zacharioudakis E, Agianian B, Kumar Mv V, Biris N, Garner TP, Rabinovich-Nikitin I, Ouchida AT, Margulets V, Nordstrøm LU, Riley JS, Dolgalev I, Chen Y, Wittig AJH, Pekson R, Mathew C, Wei P, Tsirigos A, Tait SWG, Kirshenbaum LA, Kitsis RN, Gavathiotis E. Modulating mitofusins to control mitochondrial function and signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3775. [PMID: 35798717 PMCID: PMC9262907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitofusins reside on the outer mitochondrial membrane and regulate mitochondrial fusion, a physiological process that impacts diverse cellular processes. Mitofusins are activated by conformational changes and subsequently oligomerize to enable mitochondrial fusion. Here, we identify small molecules that directly increase or inhibit mitofusins activity by modulating mitofusin conformations and oligomerization. We use these small molecules to better understand the role of mitofusins activity in mitochondrial fusion, function, and signaling. We find that mitofusin activation increases, whereas mitofusin inhibition decreases mitochondrial fusion and functionality. Remarkably, mitofusin inhibition also induces minority mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization followed by sub-lethal caspase-3/7 activation, which in turn induces DNA damage and upregulates DNA damage response genes. In this context, apoptotic death induced by a second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetic is potentiated by mitofusin inhibition. These data provide mechanistic insights into the function and regulation of mitofusins as well as small molecules to pharmacologically target mitofusins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Zacharioudakis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bogos Agianian
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vasantha Kumar Mv
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos Biris
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Thomas P Garner
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Amanda T Ouchida
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Margulets
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Joel S Riley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andre J H Wittig
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Pekson
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Chris Mathew
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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15
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Poznyak AV, Sadykhov NK, Kartuesov AG, Borisov EE, Sukhorukov VN, Orekhov AN. Aging of Vascular System Is a Complex Process: The Cornerstone Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136926. [PMID: 35805936 PMCID: PMC9266404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most intriguing processes of human ontogenesis. It is associated with the development of a wide variety of diseases affecting all organs and their systems. The victory over aging is the most desired goal of scientists; however, it is hardly achievable in the foreseeable future due to the complexity and ambiguity of the process itself. All body systems age, lose their performance, and structural disorders accumulate. The cardiovascular system is no exception. And it is cardiovascular diseases that occupy a leading position as a cause of death, especially among the elderly. The aging of the cardiovascular system is well described from a mechanical point of view. Moreover, it is known that at the cellular level, a huge number of mechanisms are involved in this process, from mitochondrial dysfunction to inflammation. It is on these mechanisms, as well as the potential for taking control of the aging of the cardiovascular system, that we focused on in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Nikolay K. Sadykhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.S.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Andrey G. Kartuesov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.S.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Evgeny E. Borisov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 2, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 2, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.S.); (A.G.K.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 2, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
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16
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Pereira-Castro I, Garcia BC, Curinha A, Neves-Costa A, Conde-Sousa E, Moita LF, Moreira A. MCL1 alternative polyadenylation is essential for cell survival and mitochondria morphology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:164. [PMID: 35229202 PMCID: PMC11072748 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation in the 3' UTR (3' UTR-APA) is a mode of gene expression regulation, fundamental for mRNA stability, translation and localization. In the immune system, it was shown that upon T cell activation, there is an increase in the relative expression of mRNA isoforms with short 3' UTRs resulting from 3' UTR-APA. However, the functional significance of 3' UTR-APA remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the physiological function of 3' UTR-APA in the regulation of Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 (MCL1), an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family essential for T cell survival. We found that T cells produce two MCL1 mRNA isoforms (pA1 and pA2) by 3' UTR-APA. We show that upon T cell activation, there is an increase in both the shorter pA1 mRNA isoform and MCL1 protein levels. Moreover, the less efficiently translated pA2 isoform is downregulated by miR-17, which is also more expressed upon T cell activation. Therefore, by increasing the expression of the more efficiently translated pA1 mRNA isoform, which escapes regulation by miR-17, 3' UTR-APA fine tunes MCL1 protein levels, critical for activated T cells' survival. Furthermore, using CRISPR/Cas9-edited cells, we show that depletion of either pA1 or pA2 mRNA isoforms causes severe defects in mitochondria morphology, increases apoptosis and impacts cell proliferation. Collectively, our results show that MCL1 alternative polyadenylation has a key role in the regulation of MCL1 protein levels upon T cell activation and reveal an essential function for MCL1 3' UTR-APA in cell viability and mitochondria dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pereira-Castro
- Gene Regulation, i3S, Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Gene Regulation, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular E Celular, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Beatriz C Garcia
- Gene Regulation, i3S, Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Gene Regulation, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular E Celular, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Curinha
- Gene Regulation, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular E Celular, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Conde-Sousa
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís F Moita
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Moreira
- Gene Regulation, i3S, Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Gene Regulation, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular E Celular, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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17
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Vranas M, Lu Y, Rasool S, Croteau N, Krett JD, Sauvé V, Gehring K, Fon EA, Durcan TM, Trempe JF. Selective localization of Mfn2 near PINK1 enables its preferential ubiquitination by Parkin on mitochondria. Open Biol 2022; 12:210255. [PMID: 35042405 PMCID: PMC8767196 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Parkin and PINK1 cause early-onset familial Parkinson's disease. Parkin is a RING-In-Between-RING E3 ligase that transfers ubiquitin from an E2 enzyme to a substrate in two steps: (i) thioester intermediate formation on Parkin and (ii) acyl transfer to a substrate lysine. The process is triggered by PINK1, which phosphorylates ubiquitin on damaged mitochondria, which in turn recruits and activates Parkin. This leads to the ubiquitination of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins and clearance of the organelle. While the targets of Parkin on mitochondria are known, the factors determining substrate selectivity remain unclear. To investigate this, we examined how Parkin catalyses ubiquitin transfer to substrates. We found that His433 in the RING2 domain contributes to the catalysis of acyl transfer. In cells, the mutation of His433 impairs mitophagy. In vitro ubiquitination assays with isolated mitochondria show that Mfn2 is a kinetically preferred substrate. Using proximity-ligation assays, we show that Mfn2 specifically co-localizes with PINK1 and phospho-ubiquitin (pUb) in U2OS cells upon mitochondrial depolarization. We propose a model whereby ubiquitination of Mfn2 is efficient by virtue of its localization near PINK1, which leads to the recruitment and activation of Parkin via pUb at these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vranas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shafqat Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Croteau
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Krett
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Sauvé
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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18
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Pacifici F, Della-Morte D, Capuani B, Coppola A, Scioli MG, Donadel G, Andreadi A, Ciccosanti F, Fimia GM, Bellia A, Orlandi A, Lauro D. Peroxiredoxin 6 Modulates Insulin Secretion and Beta Cell Death via a Mitochondrial Dynamic Network. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:842575. [PMID: 35370943 PMCID: PMC8971298 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.842575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic beta cells, mitochondrial metabolism controls glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by ATP production, redox signaling, and calcium (Ca2+) handling. Previously, we demonstrated that knockout mice for peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6-/- ), an antioxidant enzyme with both peroxidase and phospholipase A2 activity, develop a mild form of diabetes mellitus with a reduction in GSIS and in peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, whether the defect of GSIS present in these mice is directly modulated by Prdx6 is unknown. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to evaluate if depletion of Prdx6 affects directly GSIS and pancreatic beta β-cell function. Murine pancreatic β-cell line (βTC6) knockdown for Prdx6 (Prdx6KD) was employed, and insulin secretion, ATP, and intracellular Ca2+ content were assessed in response to glucose stimulation. Mitochondrial morphology and function were also evaluated through electron microscopy, and by testing mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial mass. Prdx6KD cells showed a significant reduction in GSIS as confirmed by decrease in both ATP release and Ca2+ influx. GSIS alteration was also demonstrated by a marked impairment of mitochondrial morphology and function. These latest are mainly linked to mitofusin downregulation, which are, in turn, strictly related to mitochondrial homeostasis (by regulating autophagy) and cell fate (by modulating apoptosis). Following a pro-inflammatory stimulus (typical of diabetic subjects), and in agreement with the deregulation of mitofusin steady-state levels, we also observed an enhancement in apoptotic death in Prdx6KD compared to control cells. We analyzed molecular mechanisms leading to apoptosis, and we further demonstrated that Prdx6 suppression activates both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, ultimately leading to caspase 3 and PARP-1 activation. In conclusion, Prdx6 is the first antioxidant enzyme, in pancreatic β-cells, that by controlling mitochondrial homeostasis plays a pivotal role in GSIS modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Barbara Capuani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Coppola
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Donadel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Andreadi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Davide Lauro,
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19
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Czegle I, Gray AL, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang J, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. Mitochondria and Their Relationship with Common Genetic Abnormalities in Hematologic Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1351. [PMID: 34947882 PMCID: PMC8707674 DOI: 10.3390/life11121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are known to be associated with numerous cytogenetic and molecular genetic changes. In addition to morphology, immunophenotype, cytochemistry and clinical characteristics, these genetic alterations are typically required to diagnose myeloid, lymphoid, and plasma cell neoplasms. According to the current World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, numerous genetic changes are highlighted, often defining a distinct subtype of a disease, or providing prognostic information. This review highlights how these molecular changes can alter mitochondrial bioenergetics, cell death pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and potentially be related to mitochondrial genetic changes. A better understanding of these processes emphasizes potential novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Austin L. Gray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Minjing Wang
- Independent Researcher, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA;
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Edina A. Wappler-Guzzetta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
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20
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López-Pastor AR, Infante-Menéndez J, González-Illanes T, González-López P, González-Rodríguez Á, García-Monzón C, Vega de Céniga M, Esparza L, Gómez-Hernández A, Escribano Ó. Concerted regulation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression by microRNAs in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:273592. [PMID: 34850865 PMCID: PMC8713993 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is constantly increasing, and altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) fosters the development and progression of many pathologies, including NAFLD. Therefore, we explored the role of new miRNAs involved in the molecular mechanisms that trigger NAFLD progression and evaluated them as biomarkers for diagnosis. As a NAFLD model, we used apolipoprotein E-deficient mice administered a high-fat diet for 8 or 18 weeks. We demonstrated that insulin resistance and decreased lipogenesis and autophagy observed after 18 weeks on the diet are related to a concerted regulation carried out by miR-26b-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-149-5p and miR-375-3p. We also propose circulating let-7d-5p and miR-146b-5p as potential biomarkers of early stages of NAFLD. Finally, we confirmed that circulating miR-34a-5p and miR-375-3p are elevated in the late stages of NAFLD and that miR-27b-3p and miR-122-5p are increased with disease progression. Our results reveal a synergistic regulation of key processes in NAFLD development and progression by miRNAs. Further investigation is needed to unravel the roles of these miRNAs for developing new strategies for NAFLD treatment. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary:Apoe−/− mice administered a high-fat diet represent a model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, revealing the synergistic regulation of key processes in disease progression by miRNAs and indicating some miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R López-Pastor
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Infante-Menéndez
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara González-Illanes
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula González-López
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melina Vega de Céniga
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, 48960 Bizkaia, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leticia Esparza
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, 48960 Bizkaia, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Laboratory of Hepatic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Dose-Dependent Response to the Environmental Pollutant Dichlorodipheniletylhene (DDE) in HepG2 Cells: Focus on Cell Viability and Mitochondrial Fusion/Fission Proteins. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110270. [PMID: 34822661 PMCID: PMC8619198 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), the primary persistent metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), has toxic effects on cells, but its dose-dependent impact on mitochondrial proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission processes associated with cell viability impairment has not yet been analysed. Mitochondrial fusion and fission processes are critical to maintaining the mitochondrial network and allowing the cell to respond to external stressors such as environmental pollutants. Fusion processes are associated with optimizing mitochondrial function, whereas fission processes are associated with removing damaged mitochondria. We assessed the effects of different DDE doses, ranging between 0.5 and 100 µM, on cell viability and mitochondrial fusion/fission proteins in an in vitro hepatic cell model (human hepatocarcinomatous cells, HepG2); the DDE induced a decrease in cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and its effect was enhanced in conditions of coincubation with dietary fatty acids. Fusion protein markers exhibited an inverted U-shape dose-response curve, showing the highest content in the 2.5–25 μM DDE dose range. The fission protein marker was found to increase significantly, leading to an increased fission/fusion ratio with high DDE doses. The low DDE doses elicited cell adaption by stimulating mitochondrial dynamics machinery, whereas high DDE doses induced cell viability loss associated with mitochondrial dynamics to shift toward fission. Present results are helpful to clarify the mechanisms underlying the cell fate towards survival or death in response to increasing doses of environmental pollutants.
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22
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Ji H, Wu D, Kimberlee O, Li R, Qian G. Molecular Perspectives of Mitophagy in Myocardial Stress: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets. Front Physiol 2021; 12:700585. [PMID: 34276422 PMCID: PMC8279814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.700585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of complex risk factors and pathological mechanisms contribute to myocardial stress, which ultimately promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases, including acute cardiac insufficiency, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, high-glycemic myocardial injury, and acute alcoholic cardiotoxicity. Myocardial stress is characterized by abnormal metabolism, excessive reactive oxygen species production, an insufficient energy supply, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Mitochondria, the main organelles contributing to the energy supply of cardiomyocytes, are key determinants of cell survival and death. Mitophagy is important for cardiomyocyte function and metabolism because it removes damaged and aged mitochondria in a timely manner, thereby maintaining the proper number of normal mitochondria. In this review, we first introduce the general characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy. We then describe the three classic mitophagy regulatory pathways and their involvement in myocardial stress. Finally, we discuss the two completely opposite effects of mitophagy on the fate of cardiomyocytes. Our summary of the molecular pathways underlying mitophagy in myocardial stress may provide therapeutic targets for myocardial protection interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhe Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - O'Maley Kimberlee
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ruibing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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23
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Supplemental N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Limit A1-Specific Astrocyte Polarization via Attenuating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ischemic Stroke in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5524705. [PMID: 34211624 PMCID: PMC8211499 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5524705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability for adults, which lacks effective treatments. Dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exerts beneficial effects on ischemic stroke by attenuating neuron death and inflammation induced by microglial activation. However, the impact and mechanism of n-3 PUFAs on astrocyte function during stroke have not yet been well investigated. Our current study found that dietary n-3 PUFAs decreased the infarction volume and improved the neurofunction in the mice model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Notably, n-3 PUFAs reduced the stroke-induced A1 astrocyte polarization both in vivo and in vitro. We have demonstrated that exogenous n-3 PUFAs attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress and increased the mitophagy of astrocytes in the condition of hypoxia. Furthermore, we provided evidence that treatment with the mitochondrial-derived antioxidant, mito-TEMPO, abrogated the n-3 PUFA-mediated regulation of A1 astrocyte polarization upon hypoxia treatment. Together, this study highlighted that n-3 PUFAs prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby limiting A1-specific astrocyte polarization and subsequently improving the neurological outcomes of mice with ischemic stroke.
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24
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Mitophagy Impairment Aggravates Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5590973. [PMID: 34095303 PMCID: PMC8163551 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5590973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an efficacious anticancer agent, but its use is limited by ototoxicity and resultant irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. Cisplatin ototoxicity is associated with cochlear cell oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. However, mitophagy is vital for maintaining mitochondrial quality and cellular metabolism. Accordingly, we investigated the role of mitophagy in regulating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity using the auditory cell line HEI-OC1. In this study, HEI-OC1 cells were treated with either cisplatin alone (10 μM, 0, 8, 16, and 24 h); cisplatin (10 μM, 24 h) post transfection with small-interfering (si)RNAs targeting mitophagy-associated mRNAs; cisplatin (10 μM, 24 h) succeeding pretreatment with the mitophagy suppressor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA; 5 or 10 mM, 6 h); or cisplatin (30 μM, 24 h) following pretreatment with the mitophagy promoter, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP; 1 or 2 μM, 2 h). The viability of cells, expression of mitophagy marker, and mitochondrial functions were then assessed in these cells. Cell viability was determined by a water-soluble tetrazolium assay; expression of mitophagy-associated proteins PINK1, Parkin, BNIP3, FUNDC1, p62, and LC3B was analyzed by Western blotting, mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry, intracellular ATP by spectrophotometry, and mitochondrial degradation by dual staining for mitochondria and autophagosomes or lysosomes. Our results showed that cisplatin gradually reduced the viable cell number over time, induced mitochondrial depolarization, decreased intracellular ATP concentration, and enhanced the expression of PINK1, Parkin, BNIP3, p62, and LC3B. In addition, Parkin and BNIP3 knockdown accelerated cisplatin-induced loss of cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitophagosome/lysosome formation, and reduction in intracellular ATP production. Pretreatment with 3-MA aggravated the cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, while that with CCCP reversed this effect. Overall, our findings indicate that mitophagy protects HEI-OC1 cells against cisplatin-induced cell death. Consequently, we strongly believe that targeted promotion of mitophagy may confer protection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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25
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The Impact of Mitochondrial Fission-Stimulated ROS Production on Pro-Apoptotic Chemotherapy. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010033. [PMID: 33418995 PMCID: PMC7825353 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the world's deadliest afflictions. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and surgical technologies, as well as improved treatments of some individual tumor types, there is currently no universal cure to prevent or impede the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cells. Targeting tumors by inducing apoptosis is one of the pillars of cancer treatment. Changes in mitochondrial morphology precede intrinsic apoptosis, but mitochondrial dynamics has only recently been recognized as a viable pharmacological target. In many cancers, oncogenic transformation is accompanied by accumulation of elevated cellular levels of ROS leading to redox imbalance. Hence, a common chemotherapeutic strategy against such tumor types involves deploying pro-oxidant agents to increase ROS levels above an apoptotic death-inducing threshold. The aim of this chapter is to investigate the benefit of stimulating mitochondrial fission-dependent production of ROS for enhanced killing of solid tumors. The main question to be addressed is whether a sudden and abrupt change in mitochondrial shape toward the fragmented phenotype can be pharmacologically harnessed to trigger a burst of mitochondrial ROS sufficient to initiate apoptosis specifically in cancer cells but not in non-transformed healthy tissues.
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26
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Escobar-Henriques M, Anton V. Mitochondrial Surveillance by Cdc48/p97: MAD vs. Membrane Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6841. [PMID: 32961852 PMCID: PMC7555132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc48/p97 is a ring-shaped, ATP-driven hexameric motor, essential for cellular viability. It specifically unfolds and extracts ubiquitylated proteins from membranes or protein complexes, mostly targeting them for proteolytic degradation by the proteasome. Cdc48/p97 is involved in a multitude of cellular processes, reaching from cell cycle regulation to signal transduction, also participating in growth or death decisions. The role of Cdc48/p97 in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), where it extracts proteins targeted for degradation from the ER membrane, has been extensively described. Here, we present the roles of Cdc48/p97 in mitochondrial regulation. We discuss mitochondrial quality control surveillance by Cdc48/p97 in mitochondrial-associated degradation (MAD), highlighting the potential pathologic significance thereof. Furthermore, we present the current knowledge of how Cdc48/p97 regulates mitofusin activity in outer membrane fusion and how this may impact on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
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