1
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Hoyer J, Kolar K, Athira A, van den Burgh M, Dondorp D, Liang Z, Chatzigeorgiou M. Polymodal sensory perception drives settlement and metamorphosis of Ciona larvae. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1168-1182.e7. [PMID: 38335959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The Earth's oceans brim with an incredible diversity of microscopic lifeforms, including motile planktonic larvae, whose survival critically depends on effective dispersal in the water column and subsequent exploration of the seafloor to identify a suitable settlement site. How their nervous systems mediate sensing of diverse multimodal cues remains enigmatic. Here, we uncover that the tunicate Ciona intestinalis larvae employ ectodermal sensory cells to sense various mechanical and chemical cues. Combining whole-brain imaging and chemogenetics, we demonstrate that stimuli encoded at the periphery are sufficient to drive global brain-state changes to promote or impede both larval attachment and metamorphosis behaviors. The ability of C. intestinalis larvae to leverage polymodal sensory perception to support information coding and chemotactile behaviors may explain how marine larvae make complex decisions despite streamlined nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgen Hoyer
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Kushal Kolar
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Athira Athira
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Meike van den Burgh
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Daniel Dondorp
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Zonglai Liang
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
| | - Marios Chatzigeorgiou
- Michael Sars Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway.
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2
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Jager M, Errais W, Trichet M, Manuel M. Morphology and distribution of sensilla on head appendages in the water beetle Hygrobia hermanni (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Hygrobiidae). J Morphol 2024; 285:e21677. [PMID: 38361259 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sensilla on head appendages were studied in detail for the first time in a member of the relict family Hygrobiidae (squeak beetles), closely related to Dytiscidae (diving beetles). Adult and third instar larval stage specimens of Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775) were examined using scanning electron microscopy, focusing on antennae, palps and larval mandibles. In total, 37 sensilla subtypes are described, including 22 observed in the adult (basiconica: 3; Böhm's bristles: 2; circumvallate sensilla: 2; coeloconica: 10; ovoid placodea: 3; digitiform placodea: 2) and 16 in the larva (basiconica: 4; campaniformia: 1; chaetica: 4; coeloconica: 5; trichodea: 1; unnamed: 1). Only one subtype (of sensilla coeloconica) was shared between the adult and the larva. Autapomorphies of Hygrobiidae and Dytiscidae, and putatively shared derived characters (synapomorphies) of Hygrobiidae + Dytiscidae are discussed. Among the latter, the most remarkable is the acquisition of a special sensory field, located on the apical segment of the adult maxillary palp, subapically and postero-dorsally. This sensory field is made up of ovoid multiporous sensilla placodea otherwise present on the anterior (internal) surface of antennal segments, suggesting that in a common ancestor of Hygrobiidae and Dytiscidae, maxillary palps might have taken over enhanced capacities of longe-range molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Jager
- MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Walid Errais
- MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michaël Trichet
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Service de microscopie électronique (IBPS-SME), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michaël Manuel
- MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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3
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Derby CD, Caprio J. What are olfaction and gustation, and do all animals have them? Chem Senses 2024; 49:bjae009. [PMID: 38422390 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Different animals have distinctive anatomical and physiological properties to their chemical senses that enhance detection and discrimination of relevant chemical cues. Humans and other vertebrates are recognized as having 2 main chemical senses, olfaction and gustation, distinguished from each other by their evolutionarily conserved neuroanatomical organization. This distinction between olfaction and gustation in vertebrates is not based on the medium in which they live because the most ancestral and numerous vertebrates, the fishes, live in an aquatic habitat and thus both olfaction and gustation occur in water and both can be of high sensitivity. The terms olfaction and gustation have also often been applied to the invertebrates, though not based on homology. Consequently, any similarities between olfaction and gustation in the vertebrates and invertebrates have resulted from convergent adaptations or shared constraints during evolution. The untidiness of assigning olfaction and gustation to invertebrates has led some to recommend abandoning the use of these terms and instead unifying them and others into a single category-chemical sense. In our essay, we compare the nature of the chemical senses of diverse animal types and consider their designation as olfaction, oral gustation, extra-oral gustation, or simply chemoreception. Properties that we have found useful in categorizing chemical senses of vertebrates and invertebrates include the nature of peripheral sensory cells, organization of the neuropil in the processing centers, molecular receptor specificity, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Derby
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John Caprio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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4
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Burguera D, Dionigi F, Kverková K, Winkler S, Brown T, Pippel M, Zhang Y, Shafer M, Nichols ALA, Myers E, Němec P, Musilova Z. Expanded olfactory system in ray-finned fishes capable of terrestrial exploration. BMC Biol 2023; 21:163. [PMID: 37525196 PMCID: PMC10392011 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smell abilities differ greatly among vertebrate species due to distinct sensory needs, with exceptional variability reported in the number of olfactory genes and the size of the odour-processing regions of the brain. However, key environmental factors shaping genomic and phenotypic changes linked to the olfactory system remain difficult to identify at macroevolutionary scales. Here, we investigate the association between diverse ecological traits and the number of olfactory chemoreceptors in approximately two hundred ray-finned fishes. RESULTS We found independent expansions producing large gene repertoires in several lineages of nocturnal amphibious fishes, generally able to perform active terrestrial exploration. We reinforced this finding with on-purpose genomic and transcriptomic analysis of Channallabes apus, a catfish species from a clade with chemosensory-based aerial orientation. Furthermore, we also detected an augmented information-processing capacity in the olfactory bulb of nocturnal amphibious fishes by estimating the number of cells contained in this brain region in twenty-four actinopterygian species. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we report a convergent genomic and phenotypic magnification of the olfactory system in nocturnal amphibious fishes. This finding suggests the possibility of an analogous evolutionary event in fish-like tetrapod ancestors during the first steps of the water-to-land transition, favouring terrestrial adaptation through enhanced aerial orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian Burguera
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Francesco Dionigi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Kverková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sylke Winkler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Brown
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Pippel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Eugene Myers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavel Němec
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Musilova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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5
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Kang G, Allard CAH, Valencia-Montoya WA, van Giesen L, Kim JJ, Kilian PB, Bai X, Bellono NW, Hibbs RE. Sensory specializations drive octopus and squid behaviour. Nature 2023; 616:378-383. [PMID: 37045917 PMCID: PMC10262778 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of new traits enables expansion into new ecological and behavioural niches. Nonetheless, demonstrated connections between divergence in protein structure, function and lineage-specific behaviours remain rare. Here we show that both octopus and squid use cephalopod-specific chemotactile receptors (CRs) to sense their respective marine environments, but structural adaptations in these receptors support the sensation of specific molecules suited to distinct physiological roles. We find that squid express ancient CRs that more closely resemble related nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, whereas octopuses exhibit a more recent expansion in CRs consistent with their elaborated 'taste by touch' sensory system. Using a combination of genetic profiling, physiology and behavioural analyses, we identify the founding member of squid CRs that detects soluble bitter molecules that are relevant in ambush predation. We present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a squid CR and compare this with octopus CRs1 and nicotinic receptors2. These analyses demonstrate an evolutionary transition from an ancestral aromatic 'cage' that coordinates soluble neurotransmitters or tastants to a more recent octopus CR hydrophobic binding pocket that traps insoluble molecules to mediate contact-dependent chemosensation. Thus, our study provides a foundation for understanding how adaptation of protein structure drives the diversification of organismal traits and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guipeun Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Corey A H Allard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wendy A Valencia-Montoya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lena van Giesen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeong Joo Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Peter B Kilian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaochen Bai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas W Bellono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ryan E Hibbs
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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Allard CAH, Kang G, Kim JJ, Valencia-Montoya WA, Hibbs RE, Bellono NW. Structural basis of sensory receptor evolution in octopus. Nature 2023; 616:373-377. [PMID: 37045920 PMCID: PMC10228259 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemotactile receptors (CRs) are a cephalopod-specific innovation that allow octopuses to explore the seafloor via 'taste by touch'1. CRs diverged from nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to mediate contact-dependent chemosensation of insoluble molecules that do not readily diffuse in marine environments. Here we exploit octopus CRs to probe the structural basis of sensory receptor evolution. We present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of an octopus CR and compare it with nicotinic receptors to determine features that enable environmental sensation versus neurotransmission. Evolutionary, structural and biophysical analyses show that the channel architecture involved in cation permeation and signal transduction is conserved. By contrast, the orthosteric ligand-binding site is subject to diversifying selection, thereby mediating the detection of new molecules. Serendipitous findings in the cryo-electron microscopy structure reveal that the octopus CR ligand-binding pocket is exceptionally hydrophobic, enabling sensation of greasy compounds versus the small polar molecules detected by canonical neurotransmitter receptors. These discoveries provide a structural framework for understanding connections between evolutionary adaptations at the atomic level and the emergence of new organismal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A H Allard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guipeun Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeong Joo Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wendy A Valencia-Montoya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan E Hibbs
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Nicholas W Bellono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Roncalli V, Uttieri M, Capua ID, Lauritano C, Carotenuto Y. Chemosensory-Related Genes in Marine Copepods. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:681. [PMID: 36355004 PMCID: PMC9692914 DOI: 10.3390/md20110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Living organisms deeply rely on the acquisition of chemical signals in any aspect of their life, from searching for food, mating and defending themselves from stressors. Copepods, the most abundant and ubiquitous metazoans on Earth, possess diversified and highly specified chemoreceptive structures along their body. The detection of chemical stimuli activates specific pathways, although this process has so far been analyzed only on a relatively limited number of species. Here, in silico mining of 18 publicly available transcriptomes is performed to delve into the copepod chemosensory genes, improving current knowledge on the diversity of this multigene family and on possible physiological mechanisms involved in the detection and analysis of chemical cues. Our study identifies the presence of ionotropic receptors, chemosensory proteins and gustatory receptors in copepods belonging to the Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida orders. We also confirm the absence in these copepods of odorant receptors and odorant-binding proteins agreeing with their insect specificity. Copepods have evolved several mechanisms to survive in the harsh marine environment such as producing proteins to respond to external stimulii. Overall, the results of our study open new possibilities for the use of the chemosensory genes as biomarkers in chemical ecology studies on copepods and possibly also in other marine holozooplankters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Roncalli
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Uttieri
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Iole Di Capua
- Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources Department (RIMAR)-Marine Organism Taxonomy Core Facility (MOTax), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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8
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Aresta A, Cotugno P, De Vietro N, Longo C, Mercurio M, Ferriol P, Zambonin C, Nonnis Marzano C. Volatile Organic Compounds, Indole, and Biogenic Amines Assessment in Two Mediterranean Irciniidae (Porifera, Demospongiae). Mar Drugs 2021; 19:711. [PMID: 34940710 PMCID: PMC8706640 DOI: 10.3390/md19120711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the headspace determination of the volatile organic fraction emitted by two of the most common Mediterranean demosponges, Ircinia variabilis and Sarcotragus spinosulus, and of indole and some biogenic amines released by sponges in an aqueous medium. A total of 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane and 75 µm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fibers were used for the headspace extraction of low molecular weight sulfur compounds from a hermetically sealed vial containing sponge fragments, while the direct immersion determination of indole and biogenic amines was performed. The biogenic amines were extracted after in-solution derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate. All analytical parameters (linearity, limits of detection, and quantification, precision, and recovery) were evaluated for indole and biogenic amines. SPME-GC-MS proved to be a reliable means of highlighting the differences between molecules released by different sponges, principally responsible for their smell. The combined approaches allowed the identification of several volatile compounds in the headspace and other molecules released by the sponges in an aqueous medium, including indole and the BAs cadaverine, histamine, isobutylamine, isopentylamine, propylamine, 2-phenylethylamine, putrescine and tryptamine. The results obtained represent a further contribution to the picture of odoriferous molecules secreted by sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Aresta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.); (N.D.V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Pietro Cotugno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.); (N.D.V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Nicoletta De Vietro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.); (N.D.V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Caterina Longo
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (C.N.M.)
| | - Maria Mercurio
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (C.N.M.)
| | - Pere Ferriol
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
| | - Carlo Zambonin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.); (N.D.V.); (C.Z.)
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9
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Abstract
The fragrance field of perfumes has attracted considerable scientific, industrial, cultural, and civilizational interest. The marine odor is characterized by the specific smell of sea breeze, seashore, algae, and oyster, among others. Marine odor is a more recent fragrance and is considered as one of the green and modern fragrances. The smells reproducing the marine environment are described due to their content of Calone 1951 (7-methyl-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-3(4H)-one), which is a synthetic compound. In addition to the synthetic group of benzodioxepanes, such as Calone 51 and its derivatives, three other groups of chemical compounds seem to represent the marine smell. The first group includes the polyunsaturated cyclic ((+)-Dictyopterene A) and acyclic (giffordene) hydrocarbons, acting as pheromones. The second group corresponds to polyunsaturated aldehydes, such as the (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, which are most likely derived from the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The third group is represented by small molecules such as sulfur compounds and halogenated phenols which are regarded as the main flavor compounds of many types of seafood. This review exposes, most notably, the knowledge state on the occurrence of marine ingredients in fragrance. We also provide a detailed discussion on several aspects of essential oils, which are the most natural ingredients from various marine sources used in fragrance and cosmetics, including synthetic and natural marine ingredients.
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10
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Montagné N, Jager M, Chertemps T, Persyn E, Jaszczyszyn Y, Meslin C, Jacquin-Joly E, Manuel M. The Chemosensory Transcriptome of a Diving Beetle. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.773915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects astoundingly dominate Earth’s land ecosystems and have a huge impact on human life. Almost every aspect of their life relies upon their highly efficient and adaptable chemosensory system. In the air, most chemical signals that are detected at long range are hydrophobic molecules, which insects detect using proteins encoded by multigenic families that emerged following land colonization by insect ancestors, namely the odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and the odorant receptors (ORs). However, land-to-freshwater transitions occurred in many lineages within the insect tree of life. Whether chemosensory gene repertoires of aquatic insects remained essentially unchanged or underwent more or less drastic modifications to cope with physico-chemical constraints associated with life underwater remains virtually unknown. To address this issue, we sequenced and analyzed the transcriptome of chemosensory organs of the diving beetle Rhantus suturalis (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). A reference transcriptome was assembled de novo using reads from five RNA-seq libraries (male and female antennae, male and female palps, and wing muscle). It contained 47,570 non-redundant unigenes encoding proteins of more than 50 amino acids. Within this reference transcriptome, we annotated sequences coding 53 OBPs, 48 ORs, 73 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 53 ionotropic receptors (IRs). Phylogenetic analyses notably revealed a large OBP gene expansion (35 paralogs in R. suturalis) as well as a more modest OR gene expansion (9 paralogs in R. suturalis) that may be specific to diving beetles. Interestingly, these duplicated genes tend to be expressed in palps rather than in antennae, suggesting a possible adaptation with respect to the land-to-water transition. This work provides a strong basis for further evolutionary and functional studies that will elucidate how insect chemosensory systems adapted to life underwater.
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11
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van Giesen L, Kilian PB, Allard CAH, Bellono NW. Molecular Basis of Chemotactile Sensation in Octopus. Cell 2021; 183:594-604.e14. [PMID: 33125889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Animals display wide-ranging evolutionary adaptations based on their ecological niche. Octopuses explore the seafloor with their flexible arms using a specialized "taste by touch" system to locally sense and respond to prey-derived chemicals and movement. How the peripherally distributed octopus nervous system mediates relatively autonomous arm behavior is unknown. Here, we report that octopus arms use a family of cephalopod-specific chemotactile receptors (CRs) to detect poorly soluble natural products, thereby defining a form of contact-dependent, aquatic chemosensation. CRs form discrete ion channel complexes that mediate the detection of diverse stimuli and transduction of specific ionic signals. Furthermore, distinct chemo- and mechanosensory cells exhibit specific receptor expression and electrical activities to support peripheral information coding and complex chemotactile behaviors. These findings demonstrate that the peripherally distributed octopus nervous system is a key site for signal processing and highlight how molecular and anatomical features synergistically evolve to suit an animal's environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena van Giesen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Peter B Kilian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Corey A H Allard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nicholas W Bellono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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12
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Krieger J, Hörnig MK, Kenning M, Hansson BS, Harzsch S. More than one way to smell ashore - Evolution of the olfactory pathway in terrestrial malacostracan crustaceans. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2021; 60:101022. [PMID: 33385761 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crustaceans provide a fascinating opportunity for studying adaptations to a terrestrial lifestyle because within this group, the conquest of land has occurred at least ten times convergently. The evolutionary transition from water to land demands various morphological and physiological adaptations of tissues and organs including the sensory and nervous system. In this review, we aim to compare the brain architecture between selected terrestrial and closely related marine representatives of the crustacean taxa Amphipoda, Isopoda, Brachyura, and Anomala with an emphasis on the elements of the olfactory pathway including receptor molecules. Our comparison of neuroanatomical structures between terrestrial members and their close aquatic relatives suggests that during the convergent evolution of terrestrial life-styles, the elements of the olfactory pathway were subject to different morphological transformations. In terrestrial anomalans (Coenobitidae), the elements of the primary olfactory pathway (antennules and olfactory lobes) are in general considerably enlarged whereas they are smaller in terrestrial brachyurans compared to their aquatic relatives. Studies on the repertoire of receptor molecules in Coenobitidae do not point to specific terrestrial adaptations but suggest that perireceptor events - processes in the receptor environment before the stimuli bind - may play an important role for aerial olfaction in this group. In terrestrial members of amphipods (Amphipoda: Talitridae) as well as of isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea), however, the antennules and olfactory sensilla (aesthetascs) are largely reduced and miniaturized. Consequently, their primary olfactory processing centers are suggested to have been lost during the evolution of a life on land. Nevertheless, in terrestrial Peracarida, the (second) antennae as well as their associated tritocerebral processing structures are presumed to compensate for this loss or rather considerable reduction of the (deutocerebral) primary olfactory pathway. We conclude that after the evolutionary transition from water to land, it is not trivial for arthropods to establish aerial olfaction. If we consider insects as an ingroup of Crustacea, then the Coenobitidae and Insecta may be seen as the most successful crustacean representatives in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Krieger
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Marie K Hörnig
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Matthes Kenning
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Steffen Harzsch
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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13
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Sensorial Hierarchy in Octopus vulgaris's Food Choice: Chemical vs. Visual. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030457. [PMID: 32164232 PMCID: PMC7143185 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Coleoids are cephalopods endowed with a highly sophisticated nervous system with keen sense organs and an exceptionally large brain that includes more than 30 differentiated lobes. Within this group, Octopus vulgaris, well known as an intelligent soft-bodied animal, has a significant number of lobes in the nervous system dedicated to decoding and integrating visual, tactile, and chemosensory perceptions. In this study, we aimed to understand the key role of chemical and visual cues during food selection in O. vulgaris. We first defined the preferred food, and subsequently, we set up five different problem-solving tasks, in which the animal’s choice is guided by visual and chemosensory signals, either alone or together, to evaluate whether individual O. vulgaris uses a sensorial hierarchy. Our behavioural experiments show that this species does integrate different sensory information from chemical and visual cues during food selection; however, our results indicate that chemical perception provides accurate and faster information leading to food choice. This research opens new perspectives on O. vulgaris’ predation strategies. Abstract Octopus vulgaris possesses highly sophisticated sense organs, processed by the nervous system to generate appropriate behaviours such as finding food, avoiding predators, identifying conspecifics, and locating suitable habitat. Octopus uses multiple sensory modalities during the searching and selection of food, in particular, the chemosensory and visual cues. Here, we examined food choice in O. vulgaris in two ways: (1) We tested octopus’s food preference among three different kinds of food, and established anchovy as the preferred choice (66.67%, Friedman test p < 0.05); (2) We exposed octopus to a set of five behavioural experiments in order to establish the sensorial hierarchy in food choice, and to evaluate the performance based on the visual and chemical cues, alone or together. Our data show that O. vulgaris integrates sensory information from chemical and visual cues during food choice. Nevertheless, food choice resulted in being more dependent on chemical cues than visual ones (88.9%, Friedman test p < 0.05), with a consistent decrease of the time spent identifying the preferred food. These results define the role played by the senses with a sensorial hierarchy in food choice, opening new perspectives on the O. vulgaris’ predation strategies in the wild, which until today were considered to rely mainly on visual cues.
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Scaros AT, Andouche A, Baratte S, Croll RP. Histamine and histidine decarboxylase in the olfactory system and brain of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758). J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1095-1112. [PMID: 31721188 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods are radically different from any other invertebrate. Their molluscan heritage, innovative nervous system, and specialized behaviors create a unique blend of characteristics that are sometimes reminiscent of vertebrate features. For example, despite differences in the organization and development of their nervous systems, both vertebrates and cephalopods use many of the same neurotransmitters. One neurotransmitter, histamine (HA), has been well studied in both vertebrates and invertebrates, including molluscs. While HA was previously suggested to be present in the cephalopod central nervous system (CNS), Scaros, Croll, and Baratte only recently described the localization of HA in the olfactory system of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Here, we describe the location of HA using an anti-HA antibody and a probe for histidine decarboxylase (HDC), a synthetic enzyme for HA. We extended previous descriptions of HA in the olfactory organ, nerve, and lobe, and describe HDC staining in the same regions. We found HDC-positive cell populations throughout the CNS, including the optic gland and the peduncle, optic, dorso-lateral, basal, subvertical, frontal, magnocellular, and buccal lobes. The distribution of HA in the olfactory system of S. officinalis is similar to the presence of HA in the chemosensory organs of gastropods but is different than the sensory systems in vertebrates or arthropods. However, HA's widespread abundance throughout the rest of the CNS of Sepia is a similarity shared with gastropods, vertebrates, and arthropods. Its widespread use with differing functions across Animalia provokes questions regarding the evolutionary history and adaptability of HA as a transmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia T Scaros
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Aude Andouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystemes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Baratte
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystemes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Roger P Croll
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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15
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Gavagnin M, Carbone M, Ciavatta ML, Mollo E. Natural Products from Marine Heterobranchs: an Overview of Recent Results. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2019. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2019.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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16
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Amodeo P, D'Aniello E, Defranoux F, Marino A, D'Angelo L, Ghiselin MT, Mollo E. The Suitability of Fishes as Models for Studying Appetitive Behavior in Vertebrates. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 65:423-438. [PMID: 30083930 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fish have proven to be valuable models in the study of the endocrine control of appetite in response to peripheral signals of energetic and nutritional status. In parallel, a growing body of literature points to the importance of sensory experiences as factors affecting food choice in fish, with a special focus on visual and chemical signals allowing discrimination of potential foods within a 3D environment. Accordingly, waterborne compounds, such as monosaccharides or amino acids, are regarded as the main "olfactory" cues driving fish alimentary behavior. However, we recently suggested that hydrophobic molecules also allow food identification in aquatic environments and that fish actually explore a larger variety of chemosensory cues, including the olfactory/volatile compounds, when determining food palatability. In this study, we show that both homeostatic and chemosensory mechanisms involved in food intake are highly conserved in vertebrates and that the chemosensory world of fish is less different from that of terrestrial mammals than commonly thought. As a result, we support a more integrated and synthetic view of the mechanisms of chemical communication in both terrestrial and aquatic systems, which could help to ensure greater translatability of the fish models, such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio), the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), the goldfish (Carassius auratus), or the Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to terrestrial vertebrates when approaching complex dynamic patterns in alimentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Amodeo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Aniello
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione degli Organismi Marini, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fanny Defranoux
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angela Marino
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Livia D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione degli Organismi Marini, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michael T Ghiselin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.
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17
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Velez Z, Roggatz CC, Benoit DM, Hardege JD, Hubbard PC. Short- and Medium-Term Exposure to Ocean Acidification Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Gilthead Seabream. Front Physiol 2019; 10:731. [PMID: 31333474 PMCID: PMC6616109 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of ocean acidification on fish are only partially understood. Studies on olfaction are mostly limited to behavioral alterations of coral reef fish; studies on temperate species and/or with economic importance are scarce. The current study evaluated the effects of short- and medium-term exposure to ocean acidification on the olfactory system of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and attempted to explain observed differences in sensitivity by changes in the protonation state of amino acid odorants. Short-term exposure to elevated PCO2 decreased olfactory sensitivity to some odorants, such as L-serine, L-leucine, L-arginine, L-glutamate, and conspecific intestinal fluid, but not to others, such as L-glutamine and conspecific bile fluid. Seabream were unable to compensate for high PCO2 levels in the medium term; after 4 weeks exposure to high PCO2, the olfactory sensitivity remained lower in elevated PCO2 water. The decrease in olfactory sensitivity in high PCO2 water could be partly attributed to changes in the protonation state of the odorants and/or their receptor(s); we illustrate how protonation due to reduced pH causes changes in the charge distribution of odorant molecules, an essential component for ligand-receptor interaction. However, there are other mechanisms involved. At a histological level, the olfactory epithelium contained higher densities of mucus cells in fish kept in high CO2 water, and a shift in pH of the mucus they produced to more neutral. These differences suggest a physiological response of the olfactory epithelium to lower pH and/or high CO2 levels, but an inability to fully counteract the effects of acidification on olfactory sensitivity. Therefore, the current study provides evidence for a direct, medium term, global effect of ocean acidification on olfactory sensitivity in fish, and possibly other marine organisms, and suggests a partial explanatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina C Roggatz
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Department of Biological and Marine Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - David M Benoit
- E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics and G.W. Gray Centre for Advanced Material, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg D Hardege
- Department of Biological and Marine Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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18
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Li K, Buchinger TJ, Li W. Discovery and characterization of natural products that act as pheromones in fish. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:501-513. [PMID: 29662986 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 Fish use a diverse collection of molecules to communicate with conspecifics. Since Karlson and Lüscher termed these molecules 'pheromones', chemists and biologists have joined efforts to characterize their structures and functions. In particular, the understanding of insect pheromones developed at a rapid pace, set, in part, by the use of bioassay-guided fractionation and natural product chemistry. Research on vertebrate pheromones, however, has progressed more slowly. Initially, biologists characterized fish pheromones by screening commercially available compounds suspected to act as pheromones based upon their physiological function. Such biology-driven screening has proven a productive approach to studying pheromones in fish. However, the many functions of fish pheromones and diverse metabolites that fish release make predicting pheromone identity difficult and necessitate approaches led by chemistry. Indeed, the few cases in which pheromone identification was led by natural product chemistry indicated novel or otherwise unpredicted compounds act as pheromones. Here, we provide a brief review of the approaches to identifying pheromones, placing particular emphasis on the promise of using natural product chemistry together with assays of biological activity. Several case studies illustrate bioassay-guided fractionation as an approach to pheromone identification in fish and the unexpected diversity of pheromone structures discovered by natural product chemistry. With recent advances in natural product chemistry, bioassay-guided fractionation is likely to unveil an even broader collection of pheromone structures and enable research that spans across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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19
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Nuzzo G, Gallo C, d'Ippolito G, Manzo E, Ruocco N, Russo E, Carotenuto Y, Costantini M, Zupo V, Sardo A, Fontana A. UPLC⁻MS/MS Identification of Sterol Sulfates in Marine Diatoms. Mar Drugs 2018; 17:md17010010. [PMID: 30586934 PMCID: PMC6356472 DOI: 10.3390/md17010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that play a key ecological and biogeochemical role in oceans as major primary producers. Recently, these microalgae have also attracted interest as a promising source of functional products with widespread relevance. Progress in the knowledge of cell and molecular biology of diatoms is envisaged as a key step to understanding regulation of their life cycle in marine environments as well as facilitating their full and profitable exploitation by biotechnological platforms. Recently, we identified sterol sulfates (StS) as regulatory molecules of cell death in the diatom Skeletonema marinoi. As these compounds may have a general role in diatom physiology and chemical signals in aquatic systems, we investigated a suitable tool for their analysis in laboratory and field samples. Herein, we describe a sensitive, fast, and efficient ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of StS from crude extract of diatoms and other microalgae. The method was applied to 13 different strains of our collection of marine protists. This first study suggested a species-specific distribution of StS and identified the sulfated derivatives of 24-methylene cholesterol and 24-methyl cholesterol as the most common members in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nadia Ruocco
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ennio Russo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ylenia Carotenuto
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Sardo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
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20
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Chartier TF, Deschamps J, Dürichen W, Jékely G, Arendt D. Whole-head recording of chemosensory activity in the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii. Open Biol 2018; 8:180139. [PMID: 30381362 PMCID: PMC6223215 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical detection is key to various behaviours in both marine and terrestrial animals. Marine species, though highly diverse, have been underrepresented so far in studies on chemosensory systems, and our knowledge mostly concerns the detection of airborne cues. A broader comparative approach is therefore desirable. Marine annelid worms with their rich behavioural repertoire represent attractive models for chemosensation. Here, we study the marine worm Platynereis dumerilii to provide the first comprehensive investigation of head chemosensory organ physiology in an annelid. By combining microfluidics and calcium imaging, we record neuronal activity in the entire head of early juveniles upon chemical stimulation. We find that Platynereis uses four types of organs to detect stimuli such as alcohols, esters, amino acids and sugars. Antennae are the main chemosensory organs, compared to the more differentially responding nuchal organs or palps. We report chemically evoked activity in possible downstream brain regions including the mushroom bodies (MBs), which are anatomically and molecularly similar to insect MBs. We conclude that chemosensation is a major sensory modality for marine annelids and propose early Platynereis juveniles as a model to study annelid chemosensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Chartier
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joran Deschamps
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Dürichen
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Detlev Arendt
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Di Cosmo A, Maselli V, Polese G. Octopus vulgaris: An Alternative in Evolution. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 65:585-598. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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22
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Nocchi N, Soares AR, Souto ML, Fernández JJ, Martin MN, Pereira RC. Detection of a chemical cue from the host seaweed Laurencia dendroidea by the associated mollusc Aplysia brasiliana. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187126. [PMID: 29095906 PMCID: PMC5667859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical cues from sessile hosts can attract mobile and associated organisms and they are also impotant to maintain associations and overall biodiversity, but the identity and molecular structures of these chemicals have been little explored in the marine environment. Secondary metabolites are recognized as possible chemical mediators in the association between species of Laurencia and Aplysia, but the identity of the compounds has not been established. Here, for the first time, we experimentally verify that the sesquiterpene (+)-elatol, a compound produced by the red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea, is a chemical cue attracting the associated sea hare Aplysia brasiliana. In addition to revealing the nature of the chemical mediation between these two species, we provide evidence of a chemical cue that allows young individuals of A. brasiliana to live in association with L. dendroidea. This study highlights the importance of chemical cues in Laurencia-Aplysia association.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Nocchi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Dinâmica do Oceano e da Terra, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus da Praia Vermelha, Niterói, Brazil
- Grupo de Produtos Narturais de Organismos Aquáticos (GPNOA), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé, Macaé, Brazil
| | - A. R. Soares
- Grupo de Produtos Narturais de Organismos Aquáticos (GPNOA), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé, Macaé, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ARS); (RCP)
| | - M. L. Souto
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, España
| | - J. J. Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, España
| | - M. N. Martin
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, España
| | - R. C. Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Dinâmica do Oceano e da Terra, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus da Praia Vermelha, Niterói, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ARS); (RCP)
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23
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Ciavatta ML, Lefranc F, Carbone M, Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Betancourt T, Dasari R, Kornienko A, Kiss R. Marine Mollusk-Derived Agents with Antiproliferative Activity as Promising Anticancer Agents to Overcome Chemotherapy Resistance. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:702-801. [PMID: 27925266 PMCID: PMC5484305 DOI: 10.1002/med.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical investigation of marine mollusks has led to the isolation of a wide variety of bioactive metabolites, which evolved in marine organisms as favorable adaptations to survive in different environments. Most of them are derived from food sources, but they can be also biosynthesized de novo by the mollusks themselves, or produced by symbionts. Consequently, the isolated compounds cannot be strictly considered as "chemotaxonomic markers" for the different molluscan species. However, the chemical investigation of this phylum has provided many compounds of interest as potential anticancer drugs that assume particular importance in the light of the growing literature on cancer biology and chemotherapy. The current review highlights the diversity of chemical structures, mechanisms of action, and, most importantly, the potential of mollusk-derived metabolites as anticancer agents, including those biosynthesized by mollusks and those of dietary origin. After the discussion of dolastatins and kahalalides, compounds previously studied in clinical trials, the review covers potentially promising anticancer agents, which are grouped based on their structural type and include terpenes, steroids, peptides, polyketides and nitrogen-containing compounds. The "promise" of a mollusk-derived natural product as an anticancer agent is evaluated on the basis of its ability to target biological characteristics of cancer cells responsible for poor treatment outcomes. These characteristics include high antiproliferative potency against cancer cells in vitro, preferential inhibition of the proliferation of cancer cells over normal ones, mechanism of action via nonapoptotic signaling pathways, circumvention of multidrug resistance phenotype, and high activity in vivo, among others. The review also includes sections on the targeted delivery of mollusk-derived anticancer agents and solutions to their procurement in quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital ErasmeUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1070BrusselsBelgium
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Tania Betancourt
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie ExpérimentaleFaculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1050BrusselsBelgium
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24
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Giordano G, Carbone M, Ciavatta ML, Silvano E, Gavagnin M, Garson MJ, Cheney KL, Mudianta IW, Russo GF, Villani G, Magliozzi L, Polese G, Zidorn C, Cutignano A, Fontana A, Ghiselin MT, Mollo E. Volatile secondary metabolites as aposematic olfactory signals and defensive weapons in aquatic environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3451-3456. [PMID: 28289233 PMCID: PMC5380024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614655114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is considered a distance sense; hence, aquatic olfaction is thought to be mediated only by molecules dissolved in water. Here, we challenge this view by showing that shrimp and fish can recognize the presence of hydrophobic olfactory cues by a "tactile" form of chemoreception. We found that odiferous furanosesquiterpenes protect both the Mediterranean octocoral Maasella edwardsi and its specialist predator, the nudibranch gastropod Tritonia striata, from potential predators. Food treated with the terpenes elicited avoidance responses in the cooccurring shrimp Palaemon elegans Rejection was also induced in the shrimp by the memory recall of postingestive aversive effects (vomiting), evoked by repeatedly touching the food with chemosensory mouthparts. Consistent with their emetic properties once ingested, the compounds were highly toxic to brine shrimp. Further experiments on the zebrafish showed that this vertebrate aquatic model also avoids food treated with one of the terpenes, after having experienced gastrointestinal malaise. The fish refused the food after repeatedly touching it with their mouths. The compounds studied thus act simultaneously as (i) toxins, (ii) avoidance-learning inducers, and (iii) aposematic odorant cues. Although they produce a characteristic smell when exposed to air, the compounds are detected by direct contact with the emitter in aquatic environments and are perceived at high doses that are not compatible with their transport in water. The mouthparts of both the shrimp and the fish have thus been shown to act as "aquatic noses," supporting a substantial revision of the current definition of the chemical senses based upon spatial criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giordano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples 80143, Italy
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Eleonora Silvano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - I Wayan Mudianta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 81116 Bali, Indonesia
| | - Giovanni Fulvio Russo
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples 80143, Italy
| | - Guido Villani
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Laura Magliozzi
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Michael T Ghiselin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
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25
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Petrelli R, Ranjbarian F, Dall'Acqua S, Papa F, Iannarelli R, Ngahang Kamte SL, Vittori S, Benelli G, Maggi F, Hofer A, Cappellacci L. An overlooked horticultural crop, Smyrnium olusatrum, as a potential source of compounds effective against African trypanosomiasis. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:146-151. [PMID: 28087440 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Among natural products, sesquiterpenes have shown promising inhibitory effects against bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite causing human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Smyrnium olusatrum (Apiaceae), also known as Alexanders or wild celery, is a neglected horticultural crop characterized by oxygenated sesquiterpenes containing a furan ring. In the present work we explored the potential of its essential oils obtained from different organs and the main oxygenated sesquiterpenes, namely isofuranodiene, germacrone and β-acetoxyfuranoeudesm-4(15)-ene, as inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei. All essential oils effectively inhibited the growth of parasite showing IC50 values of 1.9-4.0μg/ml. Among the main essential oil constituents, isofuranodiene exhibited a significant and selective inhibitory activity against T. brucei (IC50 of 0.6μg/ml, SI=30), with β-acetoxyfuranoeudesm-4(15)-ene giving a moderate potentiating effect. These results shed light on the possible application of isofuranodiene as an antiprotozoal agent to be included in combination treatments aimed not only at curing patients but also at preventing the diffusion of HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farahnaz Ranjbarian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Papa
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Anders Hofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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26
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Kamio M, Derby CD. Finding food: how marine invertebrates use chemical cues to track and select food. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:514-528. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent research on how marine invertebrates use chemical cues to find and select food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiya Kamio
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
- Tokyo 108-8477
- Japan
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27
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Mollo E, Garson MJ, Polese G, Amodeo P, Ghiselin MT. Taste and smell in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:496-513. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes results up to 2017 on chemosensory cues occurring in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mollo
- National Research Council of Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
- Italy
| | - M. J. Garson
- University of Queensland
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Brisbane Q 4072
- Australia
| | - G. Polese
- University of Naples “Federico II”
- Department of Biology
- 80126 Naples
- Italy
| | - P. Amodeo
- National Research Council of Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
- Italy
| | - M. T. Ghiselin
- California Academy of Sciences
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology
- San Francisco
- USA
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28
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Ternon E, Zarate L, Chenesseau S, Croué J, Dumollard R, Suzuki MT, Thomas OP. Spherulization as a process for the exudation of chemical cues by the encrusting sponge C. crambe. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29474. [PMID: 27381941 PMCID: PMC4933965 DOI: 10.1038/srep29474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological interactions in the marine environment are now recognized to be partly held by chemical cues produced by marine organisms. In particular, sponges are sessile animals thought to rely on the bioactive substances they synthesize to ensure their development and defense. However, the mechanisms leading the sponges to use their specialized metabolites as chemical cues remain unknown. Here we report the constant release of bioactive polycyclic guanidinic alkaloids by the Mediterranean sponge Crambe crambe into the dissolved and the particulate phases using a targeted metabolomics study. These compounds were proven to be stored into already described specialized (spherulous) sponge cells and dispersed into the water column after release through the sponge exhaling channels (oscula), leading to a chemical shield surrounding the sponge. Low concentrations of these compounds were demonstrated to have teratogenic effects on embryos of a common sea squirt (ascidian). This mechanism of action called spherulization may therefore contribute to the ecological success of encrusting sponges that need to extend their substrate cover to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ternon
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06108 NICE Cedex 2, France
| | - Lina Zarate
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06108 NICE Cedex 2, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sandrine Chenesseau
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, Station Marine d’Endoume, rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Julie Croué
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Rémi Dumollard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Marcelino T. Suzuki
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Olivier P. Thomas
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, Station Marine d’Endoume, rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France
- National University of Ireland Galway, Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France
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Kremers D, Célérier A, Schaal B, Campagna S, Trabalon M, Böye M, Hausberger M, Lemasson A. Sensory Perception in Cetaceans: Part I—Current Knowledge about Dolphin Senses As a Representative Species. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cheney KL, White A, Mudianta IW, Winters AE, Quezada M, Capon RJ, Mollo E, Garson MJ. Choose Your Weaponry: Selective Storage of a Single Toxic Compound, Latrunculin A, by Closely Related Nudibranch Molluscs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145134. [PMID: 26788920 PMCID: PMC4720420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products play an invaluable role as a starting point in the drug discovery process, and plants and animals use many interesting biologically active natural products as a chemical defense mechanism against predators. Among marine organisms, many nudibranch gastropods are known to derive defensive metabolites from the sponges they eat. Here we investigated the putative sequestration of the toxic compound latrunculin A--a 16-membered macrolide that prevents actin polymerization within cellular processes--which has been identified from sponge sources, by five closely related nudibranch molluscs of the genus Chromodoris. Only latrunculin A was present in the rim of the mantle of these species, where storage reservoirs containing secondary metabolites are located, whilst a variety of secondary metabolites were found in their viscera. The species studied thus selectively accumulate latrunculin A in the part of the mantle that is more exposed to potential predators. This study also demonstrates that latrunculin-containing sponges are not their sole food source. Latrunculin A was found to be several times more potent than other compounds present in these species of nudibranchs when tested by in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays. Anti-feedant assays also indicated that latrunculin A was unpalatable to rock pool shrimps, in a dose-dependent manner. These findings led us to propose that this group of nudibranchs has evolved means both to protect themselves from the toxicity of latrunculin A, and to accumulate this compound in the mantle rim for defensive purposes. The precise mechanism by which the nudibranchs sequester such a potent compound from sponges without disrupting their own key physiological processes is unclear, but this work paves the way for future studies in this direction. Finally, the possible occurrence of both visual and chemosensory Müllerian mimicry in the studied species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew White
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - I. Wayan Mudianta
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anne E. Winters
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michelle Quezada
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mary J. Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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31
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Gillette R, Brown JW. The Sea Slug, Pleurobranchaea californica: A Signpost Species in the Evolution of Complex Nervous Systems and Behavior. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:1058-69. [PMID: 26163678 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
How and why did complex brain and behavior evolve? Clues emerge from comparative studies of animals with simpler morphology, nervous system, and behavioral economics. The brains of vertebrates, arthropods, and some annelids have highly derived executive structures and function that control downstream, central pattern generators (CPGs) for locomotion, behavioral choice, and reproduction. For the vertebrates, these structures-cortex, basal ganglia, and hypothalamus-integrate topographically mapped sensory inputs with motivation and memory to transmit complex motor commands to relay stations controlling CPG outputs. Similar computations occur in the central complex and mushroom bodies of the arthropods, and in mammals these interactions structure subjective thought and socially based valuations. The simplest model systems available for comparison are opisthobranch molluscs, which have avoided selective pressure for complex bodies, brain, and behavior through potent chemical defenses. In particular, in the sea-slug Pleurobranchaea californica the functions of vertebrates' olfactory bulb and pallium are performed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of the chemotactile oral veil. Functions of hypothalamus and basal ganglia are combined in Pleurobranchaea's feeding motor network. The actions of basal ganglia on downstream locomotor regions and spinal CPGs are analogous to Pleurobranchaea's feeding network actions on CPGs for agonist and antagonist behaviors. The nervous systems of opisthobranch and pulmonate gastropods may conserve or reflect relations of the ancestral urbilaterian. Parallels and contrasts in neuronal circuits for action selection in Pleurobranchaea and vertebrates suggest how a basic set of decision circuitry was built upon in evolving segmentation, articulated skeletons, sociality, and highly invested reproductive strategies. They suggest (1) an origin of olfactory bulb and pallium from head-region PNS; (2) modularization of an ancestral feeding network into discrete but interacting executive modules for incentive comparison and decision (basal ganglia), and homeostatic functions (hypothalamus); (3) modification of a multifunctional premotor network for turns and locomotion, and its downstream targets for mid-brain and hind-brain motor areas and spinal CPGs; (4) condensation of a distributed serotonergic network for arousal into the raphe nuclei, with superimposed control by a peptidergic hypothalamic network mediating appetite and arousal; (5) centralization and condensation of the dopaminergic sensory afferents of the PNS, and/or the disperse dopaminergic elements of central CPGs, into the brain nuclei mediating valuation, reward, and motor arousal; and (6) the urbilaterian possessed the basic circuit relations integrating sensation, internal state, and learning for cost-benefit approach-avoidance decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhanor Gillette
- *Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 407 Goodwin Avenue, 524 Burrill Hall, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Program in Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Polese G, Bertapelle C, Di Cosmo A. Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 210:55-62. [PMID: 25449183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system in any animal is the primary sensory system that responds to chemical stimuli emanating from a distant source. In aquatic animals "Odours" are molecules in solution that guide them to locate food, partners, nesting sites, and dangers to avoid. Fish, crustaceans and aquatic molluscs possess sensory systems that have anatomical similarities to the olfactory systems of land-based animals. Molluscs are a large group of aquatic and terrestrial animals that rely heavily on chemical communication with a generally dispersed sense of touch and chemical sensitivity. Cephalopods, the smallest class among extant marine molluscs, are predators with high visual capability and well developed vestibular, auditory, and tactile systems. Nevertheless they possess a well developed olfactory organ, but to date almost nothing is known about the mechanisms, functions and modulation of this chemosensory structure in octopods. Cephalopod brains are the largest of all invertebrate brains and across molluscs show the highest degree of centralization. The reproductive behaviour of Octopus vulgaris is under the control of a complex set of signal molecules such as neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and sex steroids that guide the behaviour from the level of individuals in evaluating mates, to stimulating or deterring copulation, to sperm-egg chemical signalling that promotes fertilization. These signals are intercepted by the olfactory organs and integrated in the olfactory lobes in the central nervous system. In this context we propose a model in which the olfactory organ and the olfactory lobe of O. vulgaris could represent the on-off switch between food intake and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Polese
- University of Napoli "Federico II", Department of Biology, via Cinthia, Campus MSA, ed. 7, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Carla Bertapelle
- University of Napoli "Federico II", Department of Biology, via Cinthia, Campus MSA, ed. 7, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Anna Di Cosmo
- University of Napoli "Federico II", Department of Biology, via Cinthia, Campus MSA, ed. 7, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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