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Zarate-Sanchez E, George SC, Moya ML, Robertson C. Vascular dysfunction in hemorrhagic viral fevers: opportunities for organotypic modeling. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032008. [PMID: 38749416 PMCID: PMC11151171 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad4c0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The hemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) cause severe or fatal infections in humans. Named after their common symptom hemorrhage, these viruses induce significant vascular dysfunction by affecting endothelial cells, altering immunity, and disrupting the clotting system. Despite advances in treatments, such as cytokine blocking therapies, disease modifying treatment for this class of pathogen remains elusive. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of these infections could provide new avenues to treatment. While animal models and traditional 2D cell cultures have contributed insight into the mechanisms by which these pathogens affect the vasculature, these models fall short in replicatingin vivohuman vascular dynamics. The emergence of microphysiological systems (MPSs) offers promising avenues for modeling these complex interactions. These MPS or 'organ-on-chip' models present opportunities to better mimic human vascular responses and thus aid in treatment development. In this review, we explore the impact of HFV on the vasculature by causing endothelial dysfunction, blood clotting irregularities, and immune dysregulation. We highlight how existing MPS have elucidated features of HFV pathogenesis as well as discuss existing knowledge gaps and the challenges in modeling these interactions using MPS. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of vascular dysfunction caused by HFV is crucial in developing therapies not only for these infections, but also for other vasculotropic conditions like sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Zarate-Sanchez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Monica L Moya
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | - Claire Robertson
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, United States of America
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2
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Nkansah C, Owusu M, Appiah SK, Mensah K, Bani SB, Osei-Boakye F, Agyemang LD, Ackah EB, Abbam G, Daud S, Quansah Y, Derigubah CA, Apodola FA, Ayangba V, Afrifa DA, Eshun CP, Iddrisu AW, Mintaah S, Twum B, Mohammed A, Agyare EM, Gyasi WA, Agbadza PE, Wilson CAE, Anane S, Antwi P, Antwi RAY. Effects of COVID-19 disease on PAI-1 antigen and haematological parameters during disease management: A prospective cross-sectional study in a regional Hospital in Ghana. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001866. [PMID: 37347738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with COVID-19 experience thrombotic events probably due to the associated hypofibrinolysis resulting from the upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen. This study evaluated plasma PAI-1 antigen levels and haematological parameters before treatment and after recovery from severe COVID-19 in Ghana. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sunyani Regional Hospital, and recruited 51 patients who had RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Participants' sociodemographic data and clinical characteristics were taken from the hospital records. Venous blood was taken before COVID-19 treatment commenced for FBC, PAI-1 and ferritin assays. FBC was assessed using an automated haematology analyzer, whilst plasma PAI-1 Ag and serum ferritin levels were assessed with sandwich ELISA. All the tests were repeated immediately after participants recovered from COVID-19. RESULTS Of the 51 participants recruited into the study, 78.4% (40) had non-severe COVID-19 whiles 21.6% (11) experienced a severe form of the disease. Severe COVID-19 participants had significantly lower haemoglobin (g/dL): 8.1 (7.3-8.4) vs 11.8 (11.0-12.5), p<0.001; RBC x 1012/L: 2.9 (2.6-3.1) vs 3.4 (3.1-4.3), p = 0.001; HCT%: 24.8 ± 2.6 vs 35.3 ± 6.7, p<0.001 and platelet x 109/L: 86.4 (62.2-91.8) vs 165.5 (115.1-210.3), p<0.001, compared with the non-severe COVID-19 group. But WBC x 109/L: 11.6 (9.9-14.2) vs 5.4 (3.7-6.6), p<0.001 and ferritin (ng/mL): 473.1 (428.3-496.0) vs 336.2 (249.9-386.5), p<0.001, were relatively higher in the participants with severe COVID-19 than the non-severe COVID-19 counterparts. Also, the severely ill SARS-CoV-2-infected participants had relatively higher plasma PAI-1 Ag levels (ng/mL): 131.1 (128.7-131.9) vs 101.3 (92.0-116.8), p<0.001, than those with the non-severe form of the disease. Participants had lower haemoglobin (g/dL): 11.4 (8.8-12.3 vs 12.4 (11.5-13.6), p<0.001; RBC x 1012/L: 3.3 (2.9-4.0) vs 4.3 (3.4-4.6), p = 0.001; absolute granulocyte count x 109/L: 2.3 ± 1.0 vs 4.6 ± 1.8, p<0.001, and platelet x 109/L: 135.0 (107.0-193.0) vs 229.0 (166.0-270.0), p<0.001 values at admission before treatment commenced, compared to when they recovered from the disease. Additionally, the median PAI-1 Ag (ng/mL): 89.6 (74.9-100.8) vs 103.1 (93.2-128.7), p<0.001 and ferritin (ng/mL): 242.2 (197.1-302.1) vs 362.3 (273.1-399.9), p<0.001 levels were reduced after a successful recovery from COVID-19 compared to the values at admission. CONCLUSION Plasma PAI-1 Ag level was higher among severe COVID-19 participants. The COVID-19-associated inflammation could affect red blood cell parameters and platelets. Successful recovery from COVID-19, with reduced inflammatory response as observed in the decline of serum ferritin levels restores the haematological parameters. Plasma levels of PAI-1 should be assessed during the management of severe COVID-19 in Ghana. This will enhance the early detection of probable thrombotic events and prompts Physicians to provide interventions to prevent thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nkansah
- Department of Haematology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michael Owusu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kwasi Appiah
- Department of Haematology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kofi Mensah
- Department of Haematology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Simon Bannison Bani
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Felix Osei-Boakye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Sunyani Technical University, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Lawrence Duah Agyemang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Service Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ezekiel Bonwin Ackah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel Abbam
- Department of Haematology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Samira Daud
- Department of Haematology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yeduah Quansah
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Charles Angnataa Derigubah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Science and Arts, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga, Ghana
| | - Francis Atoroba Apodola
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Nalerigu, Ghana
| | - Valentine Ayangba
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Nalerigu, Ghana
| | - David Amoah Afrifa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Ankaase Methodist Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Caleb Paul Eshun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Waliu Iddrisu
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Selina Mintaah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Department of Haematology, Laboratory Service Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Twum
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Sunyani Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Abidatu Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Eugene Mensah Agyare
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Wendy Akomeah Gyasi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Service Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Peace Esenam Agbadza
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Candy Adwoa Ewusiwaa Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Seth Anane
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Service Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Prince Antwi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, TEESSIDE University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
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Jasmer KJ, Muñoz Forti K, Woods LT, Cha S, Weisman GA. Therapeutic potential for P2Y 2 receptor antagonism. Purinergic Signal 2022:10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3. [PMID: 36219327 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the target of more than 30% of all FDA-approved drug therapies. Though the purinergic P2 receptors have been an attractive target for therapeutic intervention with successes such as the P2Y12 receptor antagonist, clopidogrel, P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) antagonism remains relatively unexplored as a therapeutic strategy. Due to a lack of selective antagonists to modify P2Y2R activity, studies using primarily genetic manipulation have revealed roles for P2Y2R in a multitude of diseases. These include inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, fibrotic diseases, renal diseases, cancer, and pathogenic infections. With the advent of AR-C118925, a selective and potent P2Y2R antagonist that became commercially available only a few years ago, new opportunities exist to gain a more robust understanding of P2Y2R function and assess therapeutic effects of P2Y2R antagonism. This review discusses the characteristics of P2Y2R that make it unique among P2 receptors, namely its involvement in five distinct signaling pathways including canonical Gαq protein signaling. We also discuss the effects of other P2Y2R antagonists and the pivotal development of AR-C118925. The remainder of this review concerns the mounting evidence implicating P2Y2Rs in disease pathogenesis, focusing on those studies that have evaluated AR-C118925 in pre-clinical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Jasmer
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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4
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Stefanova V, Crowley VM, Weckman AM, Kain KC. suPAR to Risk-Stratify Patients With Malaria. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931321. [PMID: 35757694 PMCID: PMC9226448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe malaria (SM) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, particularly in children in sub-Saharan Africa. However, existing malaria diagnostic tests do not reliably identify children at risk of severe and fatal outcomes. Dysregulated host immune and endothelial activation contributes to the pathogenesis of SM. Current research suggests that measuring markers of these pathways at presentation may have clinical utility as prognostic indicators of disease progression and risk of death. In this review, we focus on the available evidence implicating soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as a novel and early predictor of severe and fatal malaria and discuss its potential utility for malaria triage and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veselina Stefanova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie M Crowley
- Sandra A. Rotman (SAR) Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea M Weckman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sandra A. Rotman (SAR) Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin C Kain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sandra A. Rotman (SAR) Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Li L, Jasmer KJ, Camden JM, Woods LT, Martin AL, Yang Y, Layton M, Petris MJ, Baker OJ, Weisman GA, Petris CK. Early Dry Eye Disease Onset in a NOD.H-2h4 Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:18. [PMID: 35727180 PMCID: PMC9233292 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a mouse model of human dry eye disease (DED) for investigation of sex differences in autoimmune-associated dry eye pathology. Methods Ocular surface disease was assessed by quantifying corneal epithelial damage with lissamine green stain in the NOD.H-2h4,IFNγ−/−,CD28−/− (NOD.H-2h4 DKO) mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Lacrimal gland function was assessed by tear volume quantification with phenol red thread and lacrimal gland inflammation (i.e., dacryoadenitis) was assessed by quantification of immune cell foci, flow cytometric analysis of immune cell composition, and expression of proinflammatory markers. Results The NOD.H-2h4 DKO mouse model of SS exhibits greater age-dependent increases in corneal damage than in NOD.H-2h4 parental mice and demonstrates an earlier disease onset in females compared to males. The severity of ocular surface disease correlates with loss of goblet cell density, increased conjunctivitis, and dacryoadenitis that is more pronounced in NOD.H-2h4 DKO than NOD.H-2h4 mice. B cells dominate lacrimal infiltrates in 16-week-old NOD.H-2h4 and NOD.H-2h4 DKO mice, but T helper cells and macrophages are also present. Lacrimal gland expression of proinflammatory genes, including the P2X7 and P2Y2 purinergic receptors, is greater in NOD.H-2h4 DKO than NOD.H-2h4 mice and correlates with dacryoadenitis. Conclusions Our results demonstrate for the first time that autoimmune dry eye disease occurs in both sexes of NOD.H-2h4 DKO and NOD.H-2h4 mice, with earlier onset in female NOD.H-2h4 DKO mice when compared to males of the same strain. This study demonstrates that both NOD.H-2h4 and NOD.H-2h4 DKO mice are novel models that closely resemble SS-related and sex-dependent DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Visual Science and Optometry Center, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kimberly J Jasmer
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jean M Camden
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Adam L Martin
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Maria Layton
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Michael J Petris
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Olga J Baker
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Carisa K Petris
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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6
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Simons P, Guo Y, Bondu V, Tigert SL, Harkins M, Goodfellow S, Tompkins C, Chabot-Richards D, Yang XO, Bosc LG, Bradfute S, Lawrence DA, Buranda T. Longitudinal Assessment of Cytokine Expression and Plasminogen Activation in Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome Reveals Immune Regulatory Dysfunction in End-Stage Disease. Viruses 2021; 13:1597. [PMID: 34452463 PMCID: PMC8402847 DOI: 10.3390/v13081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic New World orthohantaviruses cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe immunopathogenic disease in humans manifested by pulmonary edema and respiratory distress, with case fatality rates approaching 40%. High levels of inflammatory mediators are present in the lungs and systemic circulation of HCPS patients. Previous studies have provided insights into the pathophysiology of HCPS. However, the longitudinal correlations of innate and adaptive immune responses and disease outcomes remain unresolved. This study analyzed serial immune responses in 13 HCPS cases due to Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV), with 11 severe cases requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment and two mild cases. We measured viral load, levels of various cytokines, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). We found significantly elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and PAI-1 in five end-stage cases. There was no difference between the expression of active uPA in survivors' and decedents' cases. However, total uPA in decedents' cases was significantly higher compared to survivors'. In some end-stage cases, uPA was refractory to PAI-1 inhibition as measured by zymography, where uPA and PAI-1 were strongly correlated to lymphocyte counts and IFN-γ. We also found bacterial co-infection influencing the etiology and outcome of immune response in two cases. Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical cluster analyses resolved separate waves of correlated immune mediators expressed in one case patient due to a sequential co-infection of bacteria and SNV. Overall, a robust proinflammatory immune response, characterized by an imbalance in T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T-cells (Treg) subsets, was correlated with dysregulated inflammation and mortality. Our sample size is small; however, the core differences correlated to survivors and end-stage HCPS are instructive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Simons
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (P.S.); (V.B.); (C.T.); (D.C.-R.)
| | - Yan Guo
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource Center, Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Virginie Bondu
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (P.S.); (V.B.); (C.T.); (D.C.-R.)
| | - Susan L. Tigert
- Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Michelle Harkins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.H.); (S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Samuel Goodfellow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.H.); (S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Cana Tompkins
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (P.S.); (V.B.); (C.T.); (D.C.-R.)
| | - Devon Chabot-Richards
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (P.S.); (V.B.); (C.T.); (D.C.-R.)
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Laura Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Steven Bradfute
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.H.); (S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniel A. Lawrence
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Tione Buranda
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (P.S.); (V.B.); (C.T.); (D.C.-R.)
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7
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Klaver D, Thurnher M. Control of Macrophage Inflammation by P2Y Purinergic Receptors. Cells 2021; 10:1098. [PMID: 34064383 PMCID: PMC8147772 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages comprise a phenotypically and functionally diverse group of hematopoietic cells. Versatile macrophage subsets engage to ensure maintenance of tissue integrity. To perform tissue stress surveillance, macrophages express many different stress-sensing receptors, including purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors that respond to extracellular nucleotides and their sugar derivatives. Activation of G protein-coupled P2Y receptors can be both pro- and anti-inflammatory. Current examples include the observation that P2Y14 receptor promotes STAT1-mediated inflammation in pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages as well as the demonstration that P2Y11 receptor suppresses the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and concomitantly promotes the release of soluble TNF receptors from anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Here, we review macrophage regulation by P2Y purinergic receptors, both in physiological and disease-associated inflammation. Therapeutic targeting of anti-inflammatory P2Y receptor signaling is desirable to attenuate excessive inflammation in infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Conversely, anti-inflammatory P2Y receptor signaling must be suppressed during cancer therapy to preserve its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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8
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Zuo Y, Warnock M, Harbaugh A, Yalavarthi S, Gockman K, Zuo M, Madison JA, Knight JS, Kanthi Y, Lawrence DA. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1580. [PMID: 33452298 PMCID: PMC7810990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) are at high risk for thrombotic arterial and venous occlusions. However, bleeding complications have also been observed in some patients. Understanding the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis will help inform optimal approaches to thrombosis prophylaxis and potential utility of fibrinolytic-targeted therapies. 118 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. We measured plasma antigen levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and performed spontaneous clot-lysis assays. We found markedly elevated tPA and PAI-1 levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Both factors demonstrated strong correlations with neutrophil counts and markers of neutrophil activation. High levels of tPA and PAI-1 were associated with worse respiratory status. High levels of tPA, in particular, were strongly correlated with mortality and a significant enhancement in spontaneous ex vivo clot-lysis. While both tPA and PAI-1 are elevated among COVID-19 patients, extremely high levels of tPA enhance spontaneous fibrinolysis and are significantly associated with mortality in some patients. These data indicate that fibrinolytic homeostasis in COVID-19 is complex with a subset of patients expressing a balance of factors that may favor fibrinolysis. Further study of tPA as a biomarker is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark Warnock
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alyssa Harbaugh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelsey Gockman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melanie Zuo
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Madison
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Zuo Y, Warnock M, Harbaugh A, Yalavarthi S, Gockman K, Zuo M, Madison JA, Knight JS, Kanthi Y, Lawrence DA. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32909005 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.29.20184358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease-19 ( COVID-19 ) are at high risk for thrombotic arterial and venous occlusions. However, bleeding complications have also been observed in some patients. Understanding the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis will help inform optimal approaches to thrombosis prophylaxis and potential utility of fibrinolytic-targeted therapies. 118 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. We measured plasma antigen levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( PAI-1 ) and performed spontaneous clot-lysis assays. We found markedly elevated tPA and PAI-1 levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Both factors demonstrated strong correlations with neutrophil counts and markers of neutrophil activation. High levels of tPA and PAI-1 were associated with worse respiratory status. High levels of tPA, in particular, were strongly correlated with mortality and a significant enhancement in spontaneous ex vivo clot-lysis. While both tPA and PAI-1 are elevated among COVID-19 patients, extremely high levels of tPA enhance spontaneous fibrinolysis and are significantly associated with mortality in some patients. These data indicate that fibrinolytic homeostasis in COVID-19 is complex with a subset of patients expressing a balance of factors that may favor fibrinolysis. Further study of tPA as a biomarker is warranted.
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10
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Schmedes CM, Grover SP, Hisada YM, Goeijenbier M, Hultdin J, Nilsson S, Thunberg T, Ahlm C, Mackman N, Fors Connolly AM. Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity During Orthohantavirus Infection Is Associated With Intravascular Coagulation. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:1392-1399. [PMID: 31722433 PMCID: PMC7488197 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Patients with HFRS have an activated coagulation system with increased risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of the study was to determine whether circulating extracellular vesicle tissue factor (EVTF) activity levels associates with DIC and VTE (grouped as intravascular coagulation) in HFRS patients. METHODS Longitudinal samples were collected from 88 HFRS patients. Patients were stratified into groups of those with intravascular coagulation (n = 27) and those who did not (n = 61). We measured levels of circulating EVTF activity, fibrinogen, activated partial prothrombin time, D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and platelets. RESULTS Plasma EVTF activity was transiently increased during HFRS. Levels of EVTF activity were significantly associated with plasma tPA and PAI-1, suggesting that endothelial cells could be a potential source. Patients with intravascular coagulation had significantly higher peak EVTF activity levels compared with those who did not, even after adjustment for sex and age. The peak EVTF activity value predicting intravascular coagulation was 0.51 ng/L with 63% sensitivity and 61% specificity with area under the curve = 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.76) and P = .046. CONCLUSIONS Plasma EVTF activity during HFRS is associated with intravascular coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Schmedes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carlina, USA
| | - Steven P Grover
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carlina, USA
| | - Yohei M Hisada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carlina, USA
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofie Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Therese Thunberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carlina, USA
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11
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Noack D, Goeijenbier M, Reusken CBEM, Koopmans MPG, Rockx BHG. Orthohantavirus Pathogenesis and Cell Tropism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:399. [PMID: 32903721 PMCID: PMC7438779 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are zoonotic viruses that are naturally maintained by persistent infection in specific reservoir species. Although these viruses mainly circulate among rodents worldwide, spill-over infection to humans occurs. Orthohantavirus infection in humans can result in two distinct clinical outcomes: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). While both syndromes develop following respiratory transmission and are associated with multi-organ failure and high mortality rates, little is known about the mechanisms that result in these distinct clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is important to identify which cell types and tissues play a role in the differential development of pathogenesis in humans. Here, we review current knowledge on cell tropism and its role in pathogenesis during orthohantavirus infection in humans and reservoir rodents. Orthohantaviruses predominantly infect microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) of a variety of organs (lungs, heart, kidney, liver, and spleen) in humans. However, in this review we demonstrate that other cell types (e.g., macrophages, dendritic cells, and tubular epithelium) are infected as well and may play a role in the early steps in pathogenesis. A key driver for pathogenesis is increased vascular permeability, which can be direct effect of viral infection in ECs or result of an imbalanced immune response in an attempt to clear the virus. Future studies should focus on the role of identifying how infection of organ-specific endothelial cells as well as other cell types contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Noack
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chantal B E M Reusken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barry H G Rockx
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Rosell A, Moser B, Hisada Y, Chinthapatla R, Lian G, Yang Y, Flick MJ, Mackman N. Evaluation of different commercial antibodies for their ability to detect human and mouse tissue factor by western blotting. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:1013-1023. [PMID: 32864552 PMCID: PMC7443430 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Western blotting is used to measure protein expression in cells and tissues. Appropriate interpretation of resulting data is contingent upon antibody validation. OBJECTIVES We assessed several commercial anti-human and anti-mouse tissue factor (TF) antibodies for their ability to detect TF by western blotting. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used human pancreatic cancer cell lines expressing different levels of TF and a mouse pancreatic cancer cell line expressing TF with a matched knockout derivative. RESULTS Human and mouse TF protein detected by western blotting correlated with levels of TF mRNA in these cell lines. The apparent molecular weight of TF is increased by N-linked glycosylation and, as expected, deglycosylation decreased the size of TF based on western blotting. We found that four commercial anti-human TF antibodies detected TF in a TF-positive cell line HPAF-II whereas no signal was observed in a TF-negative cell line MIA PaCa-2. More variability was observed in detecting mouse TF. Two anti-mouse TF antibodies detected mouse TF in a TF-positive cell line and no signal was observed in a TF knockout cell line. However, a third anti-mouse TF antibody detected a nonspecific protein in both the mouse TF-positive and TF-negative cell lines. Two anti-human TF antibodies that are claimed to cross react with mouse TF either recognized a nonspecific band or did not detect mouse TF. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that there is a range in quality of commercial anti-TF antibodies. CONCLUSION We recommend that all commercial antibodies should be validated to ensure that they detect TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Rosell
- Division of Internal MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesDanderyd HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis ResearchCenter for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Yohei Hisada
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Rukesh Chinthapatla
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Grace Lian
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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13
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Khalafalla MG, Woods LT, Jasmer KJ, Forti KM, Camden JM, Jensen JL, Limesand KH, Galtung HK, Weisman GA. P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:222. [PMID: 32231563 PMCID: PMC7082426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although often overlooked in our daily lives, saliva performs a host of necessary physiological functions, including lubricating and protecting the oral cavity, facilitating taste sensation and digestion and maintaining tooth enamel. Therefore, salivary gland dysfunction and hyposalivation, often resulting from pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome or from radiotherapy of the head and neck region during cancer treatment, severely reduce the quality of life of afflicted patients and can lead to dental caries, periodontitis, digestive disorders, loss of taste and difficulty speaking. Since their initial discovery in the 1970s, P2 purinergic receptors for extracellular nucleotides, including ATP-gated ion channel P2X and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors, have been shown to mediate physiological processes in numerous tissues, including the salivary glands where P2 receptors represent a link between canonical and non-canonical saliva secretion. Additionally, extracellular nucleotides released during periods of cellular stress and inflammation act as a tissue alarmin to coordinate immunological and tissue repair responses through P2 receptor activation. Accordingly, P2 receptors have gained widespread clinical interest with agonists and antagonists either currently undergoing clinical trials or already approved for human use. Here, we review the contributions of P2 receptors to salivary gland function and describe their role in salivary gland dysfunction. We further consider their potential as therapeutic targets to promote physiological saliva flow, prevent salivary gland inflammation and enhance tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G. Khalafalla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lucas T. Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Jasmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jean M. Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Janicke L. Jensen
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten H. Limesand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hilde K. Galtung
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary A. Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Tatsumi K, Hisada Y, Connolly AMF, Buranda T, Mackman N. Patients with severe orthohantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome due to Sin Nombre Virus infection have increased circulating extracellular vesicle tissue factor and an activated coagulation system. Thromb Res 2019; 179:31-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Rivas AL, Hoogesteijn AL, Antoniades A, Tomazou M, Buranda T, Perkins DJ, Fair JM, Durvasula R, Fasina FO, Tegos GP, van Regenmortel MHV. Assessing the Dynamics and Complexity of Disease Pathogenicity Using 4-Dimensional Immunological Data. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1258. [PMID: 31249569 PMCID: PMC6582751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating disease pathogenesis and personalized prognostics are major biomedical needs. Because patients sharing the same diagnosis can experience different outcomes, such as survival or death, physicians need new personalized tools, including those that rapidly differentiate several inflammatory phases. To address these topics, a pattern recognition-based method (PRM) that follows an inverse problem approach was designed to assess, in <10 min, eight concepts: synergy, pleiotropy, complexity, dynamics, ambiguity, circularity, personalized outcomes, and explanatory prognostics (pathogenesis). By creating thousands of secondary combinations derived from blood leukocyte data, the PRM measures synergic, pleiotropic, complex and dynamic data interactions, which provide personalized prognostics while some undesirable features-such as false results and the ambiguity associated with data circularity-are prevented. Here, this method is compared to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and evaluated with data collected from hantavirus-infected humans and birds that appeared to be healthy. When human data were examined, the PRM predicted 96.9 % of all surviving patients while PCA did not distinguish outcomes. Demonstrating applications in personalized prognosis, eight PRM data structures sufficed to identify all but one of the survivors. Dynamic data patterns also distinguished survivors from non-survivors, as well as one subset of non-survivors, which exhibited chronic inflammation. When the PRM explored avian data, it differentiated immune profiles consistent with no, early, or late inflammation. Yet, PCA did not recognize patterns in avian data. Findings support the notion that immune responses, while variable, are rather deterministic: a low number of complex and dynamic data combinations may be enough to, rapidly, unmask conditions that are neither directly observable nor reliably forecasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel L. Rivas
- School of Medicine, Center for Global Health-Division of Infectious Diseases, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- *Correspondence: Ariel L. Rivas
| | - Almira L. Hoogesteijn
- Human Ecology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mérida, Mexico
| | | | | | - Tione Buranda
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Douglas J. Perkins
- School of Medicine, Center for Global Health-Division of Infectious Diseases, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jeanne M. Fair
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Ravi Durvasula
- Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Marc H. V. van Regenmortel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biotechnology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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