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Yamamoto K, Scilabra SD, Bonelli S, Jensen A, Scavenius C, Enghild JJ, Strickland DK. Novel insights into the multifaceted and tissue-specific roles of the endocytic receptor LRP1. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107521. [PMID: 38950861 PMCID: PMC11325810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis provides a mechanism for the selective uptake of specific molecules thereby controlling the composition of the extracellular environment and biological processes. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a widely expressed endocytic receptor that regulates cellular events by modulating the levels of numerous extracellular molecules via rapid endocytic removal. LRP1 also participates in signalling pathways through this modulation as well as in the interaction with membrane receptors and cytoplasmic adaptor proteins. LRP1 SNPs are associated with several diseases and conditions such as migraines, aortic aneurysms, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, corneal clouding, and bone dysmorphology and mineral density. Studies using Lrp1 KO mice revealed a critical, nonredundant and tissue-specific role of LRP1 in regulating various physiological events. However, exactly how LRP1 functions to regulate so many distinct and specific processes is still not fully clear. Our recent proteomics studies have identified more than 300 secreted proteins that either directly interact with LRP1 or are modulated by LRP1 in various tissues. This review will highlight the remarkable ability of this receptor to regulate secreted molecules in a tissue-specific manner and discuss potential mechanisms underpinning such specificity. Uncovering the depth of these "hidden" specific interactions modulated by LRP1 will provide novel insights into a dynamic and complex extracellular environment that is involved in diverse biological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Simone D Scilabra
- Proteomics Group of Ri.MED Foundation, Research Department IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Bonelli
- Proteomics Group of Ri.MED Foundation, Research Department IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anders Jensen
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Jawabri AA, John A, Ghattas MA, Mahgoub RE, Hamad MIK, Barakat MT, Shobi B, Daggag H, Ali BR. Cellular and functional evaluation of LDLR missense variants reported in hypercholesterolemic patients demonstrates their hypomorphic impacts on trafficking and LDL internalization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1412236. [PMID: 39114568 PMCID: PMC11303217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1412236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased LDL-cholesterol levels. About 85% of FH cases are caused by LDLR mutations encoding the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). LDLR is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it undergoes post-translational modifications and then transported through Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Over 2900 LDLR variants have been reported in FH patients with limited information on the pathogenicity and functionality of many of them. This study aims to elucidate the cellular trafficking and functional implications of LDLR missense variants identified in suspected FH patients using biochemical and functional methods. Methods We used HeLa, HEK293T, and LDLR-deficient-CHO-ldlA7 cells to evaluate the subcellular localization and LDL internalization of ten LDLR missense variants (p.C167F, p.D178N, p.C243Y, p.E277K, p.G314R, p.H327Y, p.D477N, p.D622G, p.R744Q, and p.R814Q) reported in multiethnic suspected FH patients. We also analyzed the functional impact of three variants (p.D445E, p.D482H, and p.C677F), two of which previously shown to be retained in the ER. Results We show that p.D622G, p.D482H, and p.C667F are largely retained in the ER whereas p.R744Q is partially retained. The other variants were predominantly localized to the plasma membrane. LDL internalization assays in CHO-ldlA7 cells indicate that p.D482H, p.C243Y, p.D622G, and p.C667F have quantitatively lost their ability to internalize Dil-LDL with the others (p.C167F, p.D178N, p.G314R, p.H327Y, p.D445E, p.D477N, p.R744Q and p.R814Q) showing significant losses except for p.E277K which retained full activity. However, the LDL internalization assay is only to able evaluate the impact of the variants on LDL internalization and not the exact functional defects such as failure to bind LDL. The data represented illustrate the hypomorphism nature of variants causing FH which may explain some of the variable expressivity of FH. Conclusion Our combinatorial approach of in silico, cellular, and functional analysis is a powerful strategy to determine pathogenicity and FH disease mechanisms which may provide opportunitites for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel A. Jawabri
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anne John
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Radwa E. Mahgoub
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad I. K. Hamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha T. Barakat
- Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre (ICLDC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bindu Shobi
- Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre (ICLDC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hinda Daggag
- Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre (ICLDC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R. Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Petralla S, Panayotova M, Franchina E, Fricker G, Puris E. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:948. [PMID: 39065645 PMCID: PMC11279518 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease impacting the lives of millions of people worldwide. The formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plagues in the brain is the main pathological hallmark of AD. The Aβ deposits are formed due to the imbalance between the production and Aβ clearance in the brain and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this respect, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) plays a significant role by mediating both brain Aβ production and clearance. Due to its important role in AD pathogenesis, LRP1 is considered an attractive drug target for AD therapies. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of LRP1 in AD pathogenesis as well as recent findings on changes in LRP1 expression and function in AD. Finally, we discuss the advances in utilizing LRP1 as a drug target for AD treatments as well as future perspectives on LRP1 research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elena Puris
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.P.); (M.P.); (E.F.); (G.F.)
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4
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Munsterman D, Falcione S, Long R, Boghozian R, Joy T, Camicioli R, Smith EE, Jickling GC. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the immune system. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4999-5008. [PMID: 38881491 PMCID: PMC11247707 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid protein in the walls of cerebral blood vessels. This deposition of amyloid causes damage to the cerebral vasculature, resulting in blood-brain barrier disruption, cerebral hemorrhage, cognitive decline, and dementia. The role of the immune system in CAA is complex and not fully understood. While the immune system has a clear role in the rare inflammatory variants of CAA (CAA related inflammation and Abeta related angiitis), the more common variants of CAA also have immune system involvement. In a protective role, immune cells may facilitate the clearance of beta-amyloid from the cerebral vasculature. The immune system can also contribute to CAA pathology, promoting vascular injury, blood-brain barrier breakdown, inflammation, and progression of CAA. In this review, we summarize the role of the immune system in CAA, including the potential of immune based treatment strategies to slow vascular disease in CAA and associated cognitive impairment, white matter disease progression, and reduce the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. HIGHLIGHTS: The immune system has a role in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) which is summarized in this review. There is an inflammatory response to beta-amyloid that may contribute to brain injury and cognitive impairment. Immune cells may facilitate the clearance of beta-amyloid from the cerebral vasculature. Improved understanding of the immune system in CAA may afford novel treatment to improve outcomes in patients with CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarina Falcione
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Rebecca Long
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | | | - Twinkle Joy
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | | | - Eric E. Smith
- Clinical NeurosciencesHotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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5
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Du R, Tripathi S, Najem H, Brat DJ, Lukas RV, Zhang P, Heimberger AB. Glioblastoma Phagocytic Cell Death: Balancing the Opportunities for Therapeutic Manipulation. Cells 2024; 13:823. [PMID: 38786045 PMCID: PMC11119757 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and microglia are professional phagocytes that sense and migrate toward "eat-me" signals. The role of phagocytic cells is to maintain homeostasis by engulfing senescent or apoptotic cells, debris, and abnormally aggregated macromolecules. Usually, dying cells send out "find-me" signals, facilitating the recruitment of phagocytes. Healthy cells can also promote or inhibit the phagocytosis phenomenon of macrophages and microglia by tuning the balance between "eat-me" and "don't-eat-me" signals at different stages in their lifespan, while the "don't-eat-me" signals are often hijacked by tumor cells as a mechanism of immune evasion. Using a combination of bioinformatic analysis and spatial profiling, we delineate the balance of the "don't-eat-me" CD47/SIRPα and "eat-me" CALR/STC1 ligand-receptor interactions to guide therapeutic strategies that are being developed for glioblastoma sequestered in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Du
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (R.D.); (S.T.); (H.N.); (P.Z.)
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Shashwat Tripathi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (R.D.); (S.T.); (H.N.); (P.Z.)
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (R.D.); (S.T.); (H.N.); (P.Z.)
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Daniel J. Brat
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (R.D.); (S.T.); (H.N.); (P.Z.)
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (R.D.); (S.T.); (H.N.); (P.Z.)
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
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Santi A, Kay EJ, Neilson LJ, McGarry L, Lilla S, Mullin M, Paul NR, Fercoq F, Koulouras G, Rodriguez Blanco G, Athineos D, Mason S, Hughes M, Thomson G, Kieffer Y, Nixon C, Blyth K, Mechta-Grigoriou F, Carlin LM, Zanivan S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts produce matrix-bound vesicles that influence endothelial cell function. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eade0580. [PMID: 38470957 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Intercellular communication between different cell types in solid tumors contributes to tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. The secretome of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays major roles in these processes. Using human mammary CAFs, we showed that CAFs with a myofibroblast phenotype released extracellular vesicles that transferred proteins to endothelial cells (ECs) that affected their interaction with immune cells. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified proteins transferred from CAFs to ECs, which included plasma membrane receptors. Using THY1 as an example of a transferred plasma membrane-bound protein, we showed that CAF-derived proteins increased the adhesion of a monocyte cell line to ECs. CAFs produced high amounts of matrix-bound EVs, which were the primary vehicles of protein transfer. Hence, our work paves the way for future studies that investigate how CAF-derived matrix-bound EVs influence tumor pathology by regulating the function of neighboring cancer, stromal, and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Santi
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Emily J Kay
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lisa J Neilson
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Margaret Mullin
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nikki R Paul
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Grigorios Koulouras
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | | | | | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mark Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gemma Thomson
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Leo M Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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7
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Hardy SA, Liesinger L, Patrick R, Poettler M, Rech L, Gindlhuber J, Mabotuwana NS, Ashour D, Stangl V, Bigland M, Murtha LA, Starkey MR, Scherr D, Hansbro PM, Hoefler G, Campos Ramos G, Cochain C, Harvey RP, Birner-Gruenberger R, Boyle AJ, Rainer PP. Extracellular Matrix Protein-1 as a Mediator of Inflammation-Induced Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1539-1554. [PMID: 38205347 PMCID: PMC10774582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Irreversible fibrosis is a hallmark of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. Extracellular matrix protein-1 (ECM-1) is up-regulated in these hearts, localized to fibrotic, inflammatory, and perivascular areas. ECM-1 originates predominantly from fibroblasts, macrophages, and pericytes/vascular cells in uninjured human and mouse hearts, and from M1 and M2 macrophages and myofibroblasts after MI. ECM-1 stimulates fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, up-regulates key fibrotic and inflammatory pathways, and inhibits cardiac fibroblast migration. ECM-1 binds HuCFb cell surface receptor LRP1, and LRP1 inhibition blocks ECM-1 from stimulating fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, confirming a novel ECM-1-LRP1 fibrotic signaling axis. ECM-1 may represent a novel mechanism facilitating inflammation-fibrosis crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Hardy
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Liesinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralph Patrick
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Poettler
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lavinia Rech
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nishani S. Mabotuwana
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - DiyaaEldin Ashour
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Verena Stangl
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mark Bigland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Murtha
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R. Starkey
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Scherr
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gustavo Campos Ramos
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clement Cochain
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard P. Harvey
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrew J. Boyle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter P. Rainer
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Medicine, St. Johann in Tirol General Hospital, St. Johann in Tirol, Austria
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8
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Zhao Y, Xiong W, Li C, Zhao R, Lu H, Song S, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Shi B, Ge J. Hypoxia-induced signaling in the cardiovascular system: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:431. [PMID: 37981648 PMCID: PMC10658171 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, characterized by reduced oxygen concentration, is a significant stressor that affects the survival of aerobic species and plays a prominent role in cardiovascular diseases. From the research history and milestone events related to hypoxia in cardiovascular development and diseases, The "hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) switch" can be observed from both temporal and spatial perspectives, encompassing the occurrence and progression of hypoxia (gradual decline in oxygen concentration), the acute and chronic manifestations of hypoxia, and the geographical characteristics of hypoxia (natural selection at high altitudes). Furthermore, hypoxia signaling pathways are associated with natural rhythms, such as diurnal and hibernation processes. In addition to innate factors and natural selection, it has been found that epigenetics, as a postnatal factor, profoundly influences the hypoxic response and progression within the cardiovascular system. Within this intricate process, interactions between different tissues and organs within the cardiovascular system and other systems in the context of hypoxia signaling pathways have been established. Thus, it is the time to summarize and to construct a multi-level regulatory framework of hypoxia signaling and mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases for developing more therapeutic targets and make reasonable advancements in clinical research, including FDA-approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials, to guide future clinical practice in the field of hypoxia signaling in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weidong Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chaofu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ranzun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Bei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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9
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Aronova A, Tosato F, Naser N, Asare Y. Innate Immune Pathways in Atherosclerosis-From Signaling to Long-Term Epigenetic Reprogramming. Cells 2023; 12:2359. [PMID: 37830572 PMCID: PMC10571887 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune pathways play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, from sensing initial danger signals to the long-term reprogramming of immune cells. Despite the success of lipid-lowering therapy, anti-hypertensive medications, and other measures in reducing complications associated with atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Consequently, there is an urgent need to devise novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the global burden of CVD. Extensive experimental research and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the dominant role of innate immune mechanisms in the progression of atherosclerosis. Recently, landmark trials including CANTOS, COLCOT, and LoDoCo2 have provided solid evidence demonstrating that targeting innate immune pathways can effectively reduce the risk of CVD. These groundbreaking trials mark a significant paradigm shift in the field and open new avenues for atheroprotective treatments. It is therefore crucial to comprehend the intricate interplay between innate immune pathways and atherosclerosis for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Additionally, unraveling the mechanisms underlying long-term reprogramming may offer novel strategies to reverse the pro-inflammatory phenotype of immune cells and restore immune homeostasis in atherosclerosis. In this review, we present an overview of the innate immune pathways implicated in atherosclerosis, with a specific focus on the signaling pathways driving chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis and the long-term reprogramming of immune cells within atherosclerotic plaque. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing these processes presents exciting opportunities for the development of a new class of immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at reducing inflammation and promoting plaque stability. By addressing these aspects, we can potentially revolutionize the management of atherosclerosis and its associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yaw Asare
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany
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10
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Yao X, Bunt C, Liu M, Quek SY, Shaw J, Cornish J, Wen J. Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Transport of Bovine Lactoferrin Using Pectin- and Chitosan-Modified Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2168. [PMID: 37631382 PMCID: PMC10457979 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this project is to use pectin- and chitosan-modified solid lipid nanoparticles for bovine lactoferrin to enhance its cellular uptake and transport. METHODS Solid lipid particles containing bovine lactoferrin (bLf) were formulated through the solvent evaporation technique, incorporating stearic acid along with either chitosan or pectin modification. bLf cellular uptake and transport were evaluated in vitro using the human adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 cell model. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The bLf-loaded SLPs showed no significant effect on cytotoxicity and did not induce apoptosis within the eight-hour investigation. The use of confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that bLf follows the receptor-mediated endocytosis, whereas the primary mechanism for the cellular uptake of SLPs was endocytosis. The bLf-loaded SLPs had significantly more cellular uptake compared to bLf alone, and it was observed that this impact varied based on the time, temperature, and concentration. Verapamil and EDTA were determined to raise the apparent permeability coefficients (App) of bLf and bLf-loaded SLPs. CONCLUSION This occurred because they hindered efflux by interacting with P-glycoproteins and had a penetration-enhancing influence. These findings propose the possibility of an additional absorption mechanism for SLPs, potentially involving active transportation facilitated by the P-glycoprotein transporter in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that SLPs have the potential to be applied as effective carriers to improve the oral bioavailability of proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (M.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Craig Bunt
- Department of Food Science, Otago University, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Mengyang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (M.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Siew-Young Quek
- Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - John Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (M.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jillian Cornish
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (M.L.); (J.S.)
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11
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Peixoto J, Príncipe C, Pestana A, Osório H, Pinto MT, Prazeres H, Soares P, Lima RT. Using a Dual CRISPR/Cas9 Approach to Gain Insight into the Role of LRP1B in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11285. [PMID: 37511044 PMCID: PMC10379115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
LRP1B remains one of the most altered genes in cancer, although its relevance in cancer biology is still unclear. Recent advances in gene editing techniques, particularly CRISPR/Cas9 systems, offer new opportunities to evaluate the function of large genes, such as LRP1B. Using a dual sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approach, this study aimed to assess the impact of disrupting LRP1B in glioblastoma cell biology. Four sgRNAs were designed for the dual targeting of two LRP1B exons (1 and 85). The U87 glioblastoma (GB) cell line was transfected with CRISPR/Cas9 PX459 vectors. To assess LRP1B-gene-induced alterations and expression, PCR, Sanger DNA sequencing, and qRT-PCR were carried out. Three clones (clones B9, E6, and H7) were further evaluated. All clones presented altered cellular morphology, increased cellular and nuclear size, and changes in ploidy. Two clones (E6 and H7) showed a significant decrease in cell growth, both in vitro and in the in vivo CAM assay. Proteomic analysis of the clones' secretome identified differentially expressed proteins that had not been previously associated with LRP1B alterations. This study demonstrates that the dual sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 strategy can effectively edit LRP1B in GB cells, providing new insights into the impact of LRP1B deletions in GBM biology.
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Grants
- PTDC/MEC-ONC/31520/2017 FEEI, FEDER through COMPETE 2020 -POCI, Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028779 (PTDC/BIA-MIC/28779/2017) FEEI, FEDER through COMPETE 2020 -POCI, Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior
- project "Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences" (UID/BIM/04293/2019) FEEI, FEDER through COMPETE 2020 -POCI, Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior
- "Cancer Research on Therapy Resistance: From Basic Mechanisms to Novel Targets"-NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000051 Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF
- The Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center" with the reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-072678 - Consórcio PORTO.CCC - Porto.Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca European Regional Development Fund
- ROTEIRO/0028/2013; LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022125 Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network, integrated in the National Roadmap of Research Infra-structures of Strategic Relevance
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Peixoto
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Príncipe
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pestana
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osório
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Teixeira Pinto
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Prazeres
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel T Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Wang Z, Wang L, Ebbini M, Curran GL, Min PH, Siegel RA, Lowe VJ, Kandimalla KK. Deconvolution of Plasma Pharmacokinetics from Dynamic Heart Imaging Data Obtained by Single Positron Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 386:102-110. [PMID: 37221092 PMCID: PMC10289239 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) data are required as an input function for graphical analysis of single positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) data to evaluate tissue influx rate of radiotracers. Dynamic heart imaging data are often used as a surrogate of plasma PK. However, accumulation of radiolabel in the heart tissue may cause overprediction of plasma PK. Therefore, we developed a compartmental model, which involves forcing functions to describe intact and degraded radiolabeled proteins in plasma and their accumulation in heart tissue, to deconvolve plasma PK of 125I-amyloid beta 40 (125I-Aβ 40) and 125I-insulin from their dynamic heart imaging data. The three-compartment model was shown to adequately describe the plasma concentration-time profile of intact/degraded proteins and the heart radioactivity time data obtained from SPECT/CT imaging for both tracers. The model was successfully applied to deconvolve the plasma PK of both tracers from their naïve datasets of dynamic heart imaging. In agreement with our previous observations made by conventional serial plasma sampling, the deconvolved plasma PK of 125I-Aβ 40 and 125I-insulin in young mice exhibited lower area under the curve than aged mice. Further, Patlak plot parameters extracted using deconvolved plasma PK as input function successfully recapitulated age-dependent plasma-to-brain influx kinetics changes. Therefore, the compartment model developed in this study provides a novel approach to deconvolve plasma PK of radiotracers from their noninvasive dynamic heart imaging. This method facilitates the application of preclinical SPECT/PET imaging data to characterize distribution kinetics of tracers where simultaneous plasma sampling is not feasible. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Knowledge of plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) of a radiotracer is necessary to accurately estimate its plasma-to-brain influx. However, simultaneous plasma sampling during dynamic imaging procedures is not always feasible. In the current study, we developed approaches to deconvolve plasma PK from dynamic heart imaging data of two model radiotracers, 125I-amyloid beta 40 (125I-Aβ 40) and 125I-insulin. This novel method is expected to minimize the need for conducting additional plasma PK studies and allow for accurate estimation of the brain influx rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengtao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Z.W., L.W., M.E., R.A.S., K.K.K.) and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (G.L.C., P.H.M., V.J.L.)
| | - Lushan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Z.W., L.W., M.E., R.A.S., K.K.K.) and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (G.L.C., P.H.M., V.J.L.)
| | - Malik Ebbini
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Z.W., L.W., M.E., R.A.S., K.K.K.) and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (G.L.C., P.H.M., V.J.L.)
| | - Geoffry L Curran
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Z.W., L.W., M.E., R.A.S., K.K.K.) and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (G.L.C., P.H.M., V.J.L.)
| | - Paul H Min
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Z.W., L.W., M.E., R.A.S., K.K.K.) and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (G.L.C., P.H.M., V.J.L.)
| | - Ronald A Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Z.W., L.W., M.E., R.A.S., K.K.K.) and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (G.L.C., P.H.M., V.J.L.)
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Z.W., L.W., M.E., R.A.S., K.K.K.) and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (G.L.C., P.H.M., V.J.L.)
| | - Karunya K Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Z.W., L.W., M.E., R.A.S., K.K.K.) and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (G.L.C., P.H.M., V.J.L.)
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13
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Nguyen HLT, Peng G, Trujillo-Paez JV, Yue H, Ikutama R, Takahashi M, Umehara Y, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S, Niyonsaba F. The Antimicrobial Peptide AMP-IBP5 Suppresses Dermatitis-like Lesions in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis through the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065200. [PMID: 36982275 PMCID: PMC10049508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (AMP-IBP5) exhibits antimicrobial activities and immunomodulatory functions in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. However, its role in regulating skin barrier function remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of AMP-IBP5 on the skin barrier and its role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene was used to induce AD-like skin inflammation. Transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability assays were used to investigate tight junction (TJ) barrier function in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and mice. AMP-IBP5 increased the expression of TJ-related proteins and their distribution along the intercellular borders. AMP-IBP5 also improved TJ barrier function through activation of the atypical protein kinase C and Rac1 pathways. In AD mice, AMP-IBP5 ameliorated dermatitis-like symptoms restored the expression of TJ-related proteins, suppressed the expression of inflammatory and pruritic cytokines, and improved skin barrier function. Interestingly, the ability of AMP-IBP5 to alleviate inflammation and improve skin barrier function in AD mice was abolished in mice treated with an antagonist of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) receptor. Collectively, these findings indicate that AMP-IBP5 may ameliorate AD-like inflammation and enhance skin barrier function through LRP1, suggesting a possible role for AMP-IBP5 in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le Thanh Nguyen
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ge Peng
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Juan Valentin Trujillo-Paez
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hainan Yue
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Risa Ikutama
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miho Takahashi
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshie Umehara
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591; Fax: +81-3-3813-5512
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14
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Soler Y, Rodriguez M, Austin D, Gineste C, Gelber C, El-Hage N. SERPIN-Derived Small Peptide (SP16) as a Potential Therapeutic Agent against HIV-Induced Inflammatory Molecules and Viral Replication in Cells of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040632. [PMID: 36831299 PMCID: PMC9954444 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) increasing the survival rate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, low levels of viremia persist in the brain of patients leading to glia (microglia and astrocytes)-induced neuroinflammation and consequently, the reactivation of HIV and neuronal injury. Here, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of a Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP-1) agonistic small peptide drug (SP16) in attenuating HIV replication and the secretion of inflammatory molecules in brain reservoirs. SP16 was developed by Serpin Pharma and is derived from the pentapeptide sequence of the serine protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT). The SP16 peptide sequence was subsequently modified to improve the stability, bioavailability, efficacy, and binding to LRP-1; a scavenger regulatory receptor that internalizes ligands to induce anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and pro-survival signals. Using glial cells infected with HIV, we showed that: (i) SP16 attenuated viral-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules; and (ii) SP16 attenuated viral replication. Using an artificial 3D blood-brain barrier (BBB) system, we showed that: (i) SP16 was transported across the BBB; and (ii) restored the permeability of the BBB compromised by HIV. Mechanistically, we showed that SP16 interaction with LRP-1 and binding lead to: (i) down-regulation in the expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB); and (ii) up-regulation in the expression levels of Akt. Using an in vivo mouse model, we showed that SP16 was transported across the BBB after intranasal delivery, while animals infected with EcoHIV undergo a reduction in (i) viral replication and (ii) viral secreted inflammatory molecules, after exposure to SP16 and antiretrovirals. Overall, these studies confirm a therapeutic response of SP16 against HIV-associated inflammatory effects in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemmy Soler
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Dana Austin
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Cyrille Gineste
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Cohava Gelber
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(305)-348-4346; Fax: +1-(305)-348-1109
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15
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Sizova O, John LS, Ma Q, Molldrem JJ. Multi-faceted role of LRP1 in the immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166189. [PMID: 37020553 PMCID: PMC10069629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) represents the major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT). GVHD-prone patients rely on GVHD prophylaxis (e.g. methotrexate) and generalized anti-GVHD medical regimen (glucocorticoids). New anti-GVHD therapy strategies are being constantly explored, however there is an urgent need to improve current treatment, since GVHD-related mortality reaches 22% within 5 years in patients with chronic GVHD. This review is an attempt to describe a very well-known receptor in lipoprotein studies - the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) - in a new light, as a potential therapeutic target for GVHD prevention and treatment. Our preliminary studies demonstrated that LRP1 deletion in donor murine T cells results in significantly lower GVHD-related mortality in recipient mice with MHC (major histocompatibility complex) -mismatched HSCT. Given the importance of T cells in the development of GVHD, there is a significant gap in scientific literature regarding LRP1's role in T cell biology. Furthermore, there is limited research interest and publications on this classical receptor molecule in other immune cell types. Herein, we endeavor to summarize existing knowledge about LRP1's role in various immune cells to demonstrate the possibility of this receptor to serve as a novel target for anti-GVHD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sizova
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa St. John
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Molldrem
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- ECLIPSE, Therapeutic Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey J. Molldrem,
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Razaghi A, Szakos A, Alouda M, Bozóky B, Björnstedt M, Szekely L. Proteomic Analysis of Pleural Effusions from COVID-19 Deceased Patients: Enhanced Inflammatory Markers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112789. [PMID: 36428847 PMCID: PMC9689825 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill COVID-19 patients with pleural effusion experience longer hospitalization, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, and higher rates of mortality. Generally, pleural effusion can serve as a diagnostic value to differentiate cytokine levels. This study aimed to evaluate the pleural effusions of COVID-19 deceased patients for 182 protein markers. Olink® Inflammation and Organ Damage panels were used to determine the level of 184 protein markers, e.g., ADA, BTC, CA12, CAPG, CD40, CDCP1, CXCL9, ENTPD2, Flt3L, IL-6, IL-8, LRP1, OSM, PD-L1, PTN, STX8, and VEGFA, which were raised significantly in COVID-19 deceased patients, showing over-stimulation of the immune system and ravaging cytokine storm. The rises of DPP6 and EDIL3 also indicate damage caused to arterial and cardiovascular organs. Overall, this study confirms the elevated levels of CA12, CD40, IL-6, IL-8, PD-L1, and VEGFA, proposing their potential either as biomarkers for the severity and prognosis of the disease or as targets for therapy. Particularly, this study reports upregulated ADA, BTC, DPP6, EDIL3, LIF, ENTPD2, Flt3L, and LRP1 in severe COVID-19 patients for the first time. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis indicates the involvement of JAK/STAT pathways as a core regulator of hyperinflammation in deceased COVID-19 patients, suggesting the application of JAK inhibitors as a potential efficient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Razaghi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Attila Szakos
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marwa Alouda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Béla Bozóky
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laszlo Szekely
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (L.S.)
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Restoration of CD4 + T Cells during NAFLD without Modulation of the Hepatic Immunological Pattern Is Not Sufficient to Prevent HCC. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225502. [PMID: 36428596 PMCID: PMC9688124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Predominant inflammatory immunological patterns as well as the depletion of CD4+ T cells during nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are reported to be associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report that an LRP-1 agonistic peptide, SP16, when administered during advanced NAFLD progression, restored the depleted CD4+ T cell population but did not significantly affect the inflammatory immunological pattern. This data suggests that restoration of CD4+ T cells without modulation of the hepatic immunological pattern is not sufficient to prevent HCC. However, SP16 administered early during NAFLD progression modulated the inflammatory profile. Future studies will determine if regulation of the inflammatory immune response by SP16 early in NAFLD progression will prevent HCC.
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18
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Sakamoto K. Generation of KS-487 as a novel LRP1-binding cyclic peptide with higher affinity, higher stability and BBB permeability. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101367. [PMID: 36237444 PMCID: PMC9552116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a major hurdle in drug discovery for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Particularly, mid-size molecules and macromolecules (e.g., peptides and antibodies) that modulate intractable drug targets such as protein-protein interaction are prevented from entering the CNS via BBB. The receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) pathway has been examined to deliver these molecules to CNS. Among the receptors, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) has been emerged as one of the promising receptors for RMT. Although several LRP1-binding peptides have been reported, no drugs are available on the market based on the combination of reported LRP1-binding peptides and therapeutic molecules. One reason may be stability in vivo and BBB-permeability of the peptides. The present study aims to identify a novel LRP1-binding peptide for RMT, where we successfully generated a 15-mer cyclic peptide named KS-487. It explicitly bound to Cluster 4 domain of LRP1 with the binding EC50 value of 10.5 nM and was relatively stable in mouse plasma within 24 h. Moreover, its high BBB permeability was demonstrated using in vitro rat and monkey BBB models. By 24 h incubation, 13% and 17% of the added amount of KS-487 (10 μM) penetrated rat BBB and monkey BBB, respectively. KS-487 would be a potential candidate for the LRP1-mediated transcytosis-based drug delivery to CNS, as these values were significantly higher than those of the known LRP1-binding peptides—Angiopep-2 and L57. KS-487 exhibited higher BBB-permeability in vitro than Angiopep-2 and L57. About 28% of KS-487 remained intact after 24 h incubation in mouse plasma. About 15% of KS-487 crossed in vitro rat- and monkey-BBBs after 24 h incubation.
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19
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Sethi B, Kumar V, Mahato K, Coulter DW, Mahato RI. Recent advances in drug delivery and targeting to the brain. J Control Release 2022; 350:668-687. [PMID: 36057395 PMCID: PMC9884093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Our body keeps separating the toxic chemicals in the blood from the brain. A significant number of drugs do not enter the central nervous system (CNS) due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Certain diseases, such as tumor growth and stroke, are known to increase the permeability of the BBB. However, the heterogeneity of this permeation makes it difficult and unpredictable to transport drugs to the brain. In recent years, research has been directed toward increasing drug penetration inside the brain, and nanomedicine has emerged as a promising approach. Active targeting requires one or more specific ligands on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs), which brain endothelial cells (ECs) recognize, allowing controlled drug delivery compared to conventional targeting strategies. This review highlights the mechanistic insights about different cell types contributing to the development and maintenance of the BBB and summarizes the recent advancement in brain-specific NPs for different pathological conditions. Furthermore, fundamental properties of brain-targeted NPs will be discussed, and the standard lesion features classified by neurological pathology are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198, USA
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198, USA
| | - Kalika Mahato
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198, USA
| | - Donald W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198, USA.
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20
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Xia J, Wang X, Zhou J, Wang D, Pang Y, Xu X, Sang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wu S, Xiao Z, Hou L. Impact of early PCSK9 inhibitor treatment on heart after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with STEMI: Design and rationale of the PERFECT II trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1009674. [PMID: 36211588 PMCID: PMC9540492 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1009674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aimsPrimary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the most effective treatment strategy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Nevertheless, dysregulated inflammation induced by myocardial reperfusion injury may increase the final infarct size and induce maladaptive myocardial remodeling. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, as a novel and potent lipid-lowering drug, plays an important role in inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the early application of PCSK9 inhibitor can increase the myocardial salvage index (MSI) and improve ventricular remodeling in patients with STEMI.DesignThe PERFECT II trial is a prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled study involving 160 patients with STEMI who are scheduled to undergo PPCI. The eligible patients will be divided into PCSK9 inhibitor group and control group via the interactive web response system, at a 1:1 ratio. In the PCSK9 inhibitor group, the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab at a dose of 75 mg will be subcutaneously injected immediately after PPCI and administered every 2 weeks thereafter for 3 months based on conventional treatment. In the control group, conventional treatment will be administered. The primary endpoint is MSI, as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) at 1 week after PPCI. The secondary endpoints are the peak time of creatine kinase (CK)-MB and troponin I (TnI)/TnT after PPCI; the postoperative fall time of the ST segment on electrocardiography (ECG); the rate of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compliance (< 1.4 mmol/L and a reduction of >50% from baseline) at 1, 3, and 6 months after PPCI; infarct size and ejection fraction (EF) measured by CMR at 6 months after PPCI; the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE: a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, repeat revascularization, stroke, and heart failure needed to be hospitalized).ConclusionsThis is the first multicenter study to investigate the effect of early application of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab on MSI in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. The findings will provide an opportunity to explore novel ideas and methods for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05292404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenchi Sang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sicheng Wu
- Dental Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Faculty of Dentistry, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengguang Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengguang Xiao
| | - Lei Hou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Lei Hou
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21
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Schwarz MM, Price DA, Ganaie SS, Feng A, Mishra N, Hoehl RM, Fatma F, Stubbs SH, Whelan SPJ, Cui X, Egawa T, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK, Hartman AL. Oropouche orthobunyavirus infection is mediated by the cellular host factor Lrp1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204706119. [PMID: 35939689 PMCID: PMC9388146 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204706119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV; Peribunyaviridae) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that causes widespread human febrile illness in South America, with occasional progression to neurologic effects. Host factors mediating the cellular entry of OROV are undefined. Here, we show that OROV uses the host protein low-density lipoprotein-related protein 1 (Lrp1) for efficient cellular infection. Cells from evolutionarily distinct species lacking Lrp1 were less permissive to OROV infection than cells with Lrp1. Treatment of cells with either the high-affinity Lrp1 ligand receptor-associated protein (RAP) or recombinant ectodomain truncations of Lrp1 significantly reduced OROV infection. In addition, chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing OROV glycoproteins (VSV-OROV) bound to the Lrp1 ectodomain in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate the biological relevance of the OROV-Lrp1 interaction in a proof-of-concept mouse study in which treatment of mice with RAP at the time of infection reduced tissue viral load and promoted survival from an otherwise lethal infection. These results with OROV, along with the recent finding of Lrp1 as an entry factor for Rift Valley fever virus, highlight the broader significance of Lrp1 in cellular infection by diverse bunyaviruses. Shared strategies for entry, such as the critical function of Lrp1 defined here, provide a foundation for the development of pan-bunyaviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M. Schwarz
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - David A. Price
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Safder S. Ganaie
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Annie Feng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nawneet Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ryan M. Hoehl
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Farheen Fatma
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Sarah H. Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Sean P. J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Daisy W. Leung
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Amy L. Hartman
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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22
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Soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 levels in the differential diagnosis of myopericarditis versus acute coronary syndrome. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 60:15-23. [PMID: 35878570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Differential diagnosis of myopericarditis (MPC) versus acute coronary syndromes (ACS) can be difficult in the emergency room (ER). Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is a transmembrane receptor with diverse biological functions. LRP-1 is increased after viral infections as a defense mechanism. sLRP-1 (soluble form) can be measured in the serum. We study the diagnostic sLRP-1 levels in patients with MPC, ACS and healthy controls. METHODS The study included consecutive patients who were admitted between the dates of 1.1.2018 and 1.1.2019 with the diagnosis of MPC or ACS. All patients reported to the ER with chest pain (CP) and elevated cardiac troponin levels. Control group (n = 61) was selected from healthy subjects. In addition to routine laboratory work up, serum sLRP-1 concentrations were measured on admission. RESULTS sLRP-1 levels were significantly higher in MPC, compared to controls (p = 0.005) and ACS (p = 0.001). Median (IQR) sLRP-1 levels in MPC, controls and ACS were 7.39 (22.42), 2.27 (1.74), 2.41 (0.98) μg/ml, respectively (p = 0.004). Among the covariates: sLRP-1, age, gender, HDL-C and LDL-C; only sLRP-1 differentiated a diagnosis of MPC versus ACS (OR = 1684, p = 0,046, CI for OR (1008-2812). The area under the curve (AUC) was measured as 0.79 [CI 0.62-0.95] in ROC analysis, p = 0.001; sLRP-1 had 69% sensitivity and 85% specificity for diagnosis of MPC with a cut-off value of 4.3 μg/ml. CONCLUSION sLRP-1 is a potential biomarker in the differential diagnosis of MPC versus ACS in ER. Future studies are needed to evaluate and develop the utility of sLRP-1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in MPC.
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Liu Z, Andraska E, Akinbode D, Mars W, Alvidrez RIM. LRP1 in the Vascular Wall. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-022-00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pardridge WM. A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1283. [PMID: 35745855 PMCID: PMC9229021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s-1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Pardridge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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25
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Maligłówka M, Kosowski M, Hachuła M, Cyrnek M, Bułdak Ł, Basiak M, Bołdys A, Machnik G, Bułdak RJ, Okopień B. Insight into the Evolving Role of PCSK9. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030256. [PMID: 35323699 PMCID: PMC8951079 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is the last discovered member of the family of proprotein convertases (PCs), mainly synthetized in hepatic cells. This serine protease plays a pivotal role in the reduction of the number of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) on the surface of hepatocytes, which leads to an increase in the level of cholesterol in the blood. This mechanism and the fact that gain of function (GOF) mutations in PCSK9 are responsible for causing familial hypercholesterolemia whereas loss-of-function (LOF) mutations are associated with hypocholesterolemia, prompted the invention of drugs that block PCSK9 action. The high efficiency of PCSK9 inhibitors (e.g., alirocumab, evolocumab) in decreasing cardiovascular risk, pleiotropic effects of other lipid-lowering drugs (e.g., statins) and the multifunctional character of other proprotein convertases, were the cause for proceeding studies on functions of PCSK9 beyond cholesterol metabolism. In this article, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles that PCSK9 plays in different tissues and perspectives for its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maligłówka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.H.); (M.C.); (Ł.B.); (M.B.); (A.B.); (G.M.); (B.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Kosowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.H.); (M.C.); (Ł.B.); (M.B.); (A.B.); (G.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Marcin Hachuła
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.H.); (M.C.); (Ł.B.); (M.B.); (A.B.); (G.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Marcin Cyrnek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.H.); (M.C.); (Ł.B.); (M.B.); (A.B.); (G.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.H.); (M.C.); (Ł.B.); (M.B.); (A.B.); (G.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Marcin Basiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.H.); (M.C.); (Ł.B.); (M.B.); (A.B.); (G.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Aleksandra Bołdys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.H.); (M.C.); (Ł.B.); (M.B.); (A.B.); (G.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.H.); (M.C.); (Ł.B.); (M.B.); (A.B.); (G.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Rafał Jakub Bułdak
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (M.H.); (M.C.); (Ł.B.); (M.B.); (A.B.); (G.M.); (B.O.)
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Wang Z, Martellucci S, Van Enoo A, Austin D, Gelber C, Campana WM. α1-Antitrypsin derived SP16 peptide demonstrates efficacy in rodent models of acute and neuropathic pain. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22093. [PMID: 34888951 PMCID: PMC8669735 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101031rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SP16 is an innovative peptide derived from the carboxyl-terminus of α1-Antitrypsin (AAT), corresponding to residues 364-380, and contains recognition sequences for the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1). LRP1 is an endocytic and cell-signaling receptor that regulates inflammation. Deletion of Lrp1 in Schwann cells increases neuropathic pain; however, the role of LRP1 activation in nociceptive and neuropathic pain regulation remains unknown. Herein, we show that SP16 is bioactive in sensory neurons in vitro. Neurite length and regenerative gene expression were increased by SP16. In PC12 cells, SP16 activated Akt and ERK1/2 cell-signaling in an LRP1-dependent manner. When formalin was injected into mouse hind paws, to model inflammatory pain, SP16 dose-dependently attenuated nociceptive pain behaviors in the early and late phases. In a second model of acute pain using capsaicin, SP16 significantly reduced paw licking in both male and female mice (p < .01) similarly to enzymatically inactive tissue plasminogen activator, a known LRP1 interactor. SP16 also prevented development of tactile allodynia after partial nerve ligation and this response was sustained for nine days (p < .01). Immunoblot analysis of the injured nerve revealed decreased CD11b (p < .01) and Toll-like receptor-4 (p < .005). In injured dorsal root ganglia SP16 reduced CD11b+ cells (p < .05) and GFAP (p < .005), indicating that inflammatory cell recruitment and satellite cell activation were inhibited. In conclusion, administration of SP16 blocked pain-related responses in three distinct pain models, suggesting efficacy against acute nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain. SP16 also attenuated innate immunity in the PNS. These studies identify SP16 as a potentially effective treatment for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA
| | - Alicia Van Enoo
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA;,Program in Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy M. Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA;,Program in Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA;,San Diego Veterans Administration Health Care System, CA, 92161, USA
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Park Y, Zhang Q, Fernandes JMO, Wiegertjes GF, Kiron V. Macrophage Heterogeneity in the Intestinal Cells of Salmon: Hints From Transcriptomic and Imaging Data. Front Immunol 2021; 12:798156. [PMID: 35003123 PMCID: PMC8733388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine has many types of cells that are present mostly in the epithelium and lamina propria. The importance of the intestinal cells for the mammalian mucosal immune system is well-established. However, there is no in-depth information about many of the intestinal cells in teleosts. In our previous study, we reported that adherent intestinal cells (AIC) predominantly express macrophage-related genes. To gather further evidence that AIC include macrophage-like cells, we compared their phagocytic activity and morphology with those of adherent head kidney cells (AKC), previously characterized as macrophage-like cells. We also compared equally abundant as well as differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs between AIC and AKC. AIC had lower phagocytic activity and were larger and more circular than macrophage-like AKC. RNA-Seq data revealed that there were 18309 mRNAs, with 59 miRNAs that were equally abundant between AIC and AKC. Integrative analysis of the mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes revealed macrophage heterogeneity in both AIC and AKC. In addition, analysis of AIC and AKC transcriptomes revealed functional characteristics of mucosal and systemic macrophages. Five pairs with significant negative correlations between miRNA and mRNAs were linked to macrophages and epithelial cells and their interaction could be pointing to macrophage activation and differentiation. The potential macrophage markers suggested in this study should be investigated under different immune conditions to understand the exact macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Park
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Qirui Zhang
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Geert F. Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Ganaie SS, Schwarz MM, McMillen CM, Price DA, Feng AX, Albe JR, Wang W, Miersch S, Orvedahl A, Cole AR, Sentmanat MF, Mishra N, Boyles DA, Koenig ZT, Kujawa MR, Demers MA, Hoehl RM, Moyle AB, Wagner ND, Stubbs SH, Cardarelli L, Teyra J, McElroy A, Gross ML, Whelan SPJ, Doench J, Cui X, Brett TJ, Sidhu SS, Virgin HW, Egawa T, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK, Hartman AL. Lrp1 is a host entry factor for Rift Valley fever virus. Cell 2021; 184:5163-5178.e24. [PMID: 34559985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic pathogen with pandemic potential. RVFV entry is mediated by the viral glycoprotein (Gn), but host entry factors remain poorly defined. Our genome-wide CRISPR screen identified low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (mouse Lrp1/human LRP1), heat shock protein (Grp94), and receptor-associated protein (RAP) as critical host factors for RVFV infection. RVFV Gn directly binds to specific Lrp1 clusters and is glycosylation independent. Exogenous addition of murine RAP domain 3 (mRAPD3) and anti-Lrp1 antibodies neutralizes RVFV infection in taxonomically diverse cell lines. Mice treated with mRAPD3 and infected with pathogenic RVFV are protected from disease and death. A mutant mRAPD3 that binds Lrp1 weakly failed to protect from RVFV infection. Together, these data support Lrp1 as a host entry factor for RVFV infection and define a new target to limit RVFV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safder S Ganaie
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Madeline M Schwarz
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia M McMillen
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Price
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie X Feng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph R Albe
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shane Miersch
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aidan R Cole
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Monica F Sentmanat
- Genome Engineering and iPSC Center (GEiC), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nawneet Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Devin A Boyles
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary T Koenig
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Kujawa
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Demers
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan M Hoehl
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Austin B Moyle
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole D Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah H Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lia Cardarelli
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joan Teyra
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita McElroy
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Genome Engineering and iPSC Center (GEiC), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom J Brett
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Current address: Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Amy L Hartman
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Labarrere CA, Kassab GS. Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652252. [PMID: 34630377 PMCID: PMC8494786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, has become a worldwide pandemic affecting almost 204 million people and causing more than 4.3 million deaths as of August 11 2021. This pandemic has placed a substantial burden on the global healthcare system and the global economy. Availability of novel prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are crucially needed to prevent development of severe disease leading to major complications both acutely and chronically. The success in fighting this virus results from three main achievements: (a) Direct killing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; (b) Development of a specific vaccine, and (c) Enhancement of the host's immune system. A fundamental necessity to win the battle against the virus involves a better understanding of the host's innate and adaptive immune response to the virus. Although the role of the adaptive immune response is directly involved in the generation of a vaccine, the role of innate immunity on RNA viruses in general, and coronaviruses in particular, is mostly unknown. In this review, we will consider the structure of RNA viruses, mainly coronaviruses, and their capacity to affect the lungs and the cardiovascular system. We will also consider the effects of the pattern recognition protein (PRP) trident composed by (a) Surfactant proteins A and D, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement component 1q (C1q), (b) C-reactive protein, and (c) Innate and adaptive IgM antibodies, upon clearance of viral particles and apoptotic cells in lungs and atherosclerotic lesions. We emphasize on the role of pattern recognition protein immune therapies as a combination treatment to prevent development of severe respiratory syndrome and to reduce pulmonary and cardiovascular complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and summarize the need of a combined therapeutic approach that takes into account all aspects of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease to allow mankind to beat this pandemic killer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
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Newman H, Shih YV, Varghese S. Resolution of inflammation in bone regeneration: From understandings to therapeutic applications. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121114. [PMID: 34488119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired bone healing occurs in 5-10% of cases following injury, leading to a significant economic and clinical impact. While an inflammatory response upon injury is necessary to facilitate healing, its resolution is critical for bone tissue repair as elevated acute or chronic inflammation is associated with impaired healing in patients and animal models. This process is governed by important crosstalk between immune cells through mediators that contribute to resolution of inflammation in the local healing environment. Approaches modulating the initial inflammatory phase followed by its resolution leads to a pro-regenerative environment for bone regeneration. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation in bone repair, the negative impact of dysregulated inflammation on bone tissue regeneration, and how timely resolution of inflammation is necessary to achieve normal healing. We will discuss applications of biomaterials to treat large bone defects with a specific focus on resolution of inflammation to modulate the immune environment following bone injury, and their observed functional benefits. We conclude the review by discussing future strategies that could lead to the realization of anti-inflammatory therapeutics for bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Newman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yuru Vernon Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Benitez Amaro A, Solanelles Curco A, Garcia E, Julve J, Rives J, Benitez S, Llorente Cortes V. Apolipoprotein and LRP1-Based Peptides as New Therapeutic Tools in Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163571. [PMID: 34441867 PMCID: PMC8396846 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (Apo)-based mimetic peptides have been shown to reduce atherosclerosis. Most of the ApoC-II and ApoE mimetics exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by improving lipid profile. ApoC-II mimetics reverse hypertriglyceridemia and ApoE-based peptides such as Ac-hE18A-NH2 reduce cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels in humans. Conversely, other classes of ApoE and ApoA-I mimetic peptides and, more recently, ApoJ and LRP1-based peptides, exhibit several anti-atherosclerotic actions in experimental models without influencing lipoprotein profile. These other mimetic peptides display at least one atheroprotective mechanism such as providing LDL stability against mechanical modification or conferring protection against the action of lipolytic enzymes inducing LDL aggregation in the arterial intima. Other anti-atherosclerotic effects exerted by these peptides also include protection against foam cell formation and inflammation, and induction of reverse cholesterol transport. Although the underlying mechanisms of action are still poorly described, the recent findings suggest that these mimetics could confer atheroprotection by favorably influencing lipoprotein function rather than lipoprotein levels. Despite the promising results obtained with peptide mimetics, the assessment of their stability, atheroprotective efficacy and tissue targeted delivery are issues currently under progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleyda Benitez Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.A.); (E.G.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Eduardo Garcia
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.A.); (E.G.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep Julve
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Rives
- Biochemistry Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08016 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.B.); or (V.L.C.)
| | - Vicenta Llorente Cortes
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.A.); (E.G.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.B.); or (V.L.C.)
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Hasan MM, Gazi MA, Das S, Fahim SM, Hossaini F, Alam MA, Mahfuz M, Ahmed T. Association of lipocalin-2 and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) with biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) among under 2 children in Bangladesh: results from a community-based intervention study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2021; 5:e001138. [PMID: 34423140 PMCID: PMC8340289 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is thought to occur from persistent intestinal inflammation. Studies also revealed the association of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) with intestinal inflammation. Therefore, we intended to explore the relationship of LCN2 and LRP1 with gut inflammation and biomarkers of EED in Bangladeshi malnourished children. Methods A total of 222 children (length-for-age z-score (LAZ) <-1) aged 12-18 months were enrolled in this study in a cross-sectional manner. Among the participants, 115 were stunted (LAZ <-2) and 107 were at risk of being stunted (LAZ -1 to -2) children. Plasma and faecal biomarkers were measured using ELISA. Spearman's rank correlation was done to see the correlation among LCN2, LRP1 and biological biomarkers. Results LCN2 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r=0.19, p=0.005), neopterin (r=0.20, p=0.004), calprotectin (r=0.3, p=0.0001), Reg1B (r=0.20, p=0.003) and EED score (r=0.20, p=0.003). Whereas, LRP1 correlates negatively with myeloperoxidase (r = -0.18, p=0.006), neopterin (r = -0.30, p=0.0001), alpha-1-antitrypsin (r = -0.18, p=0.006), Reg1B (r=-0.2, p=0.003) and EED score (r = -0.29, p=0.0001). Conclusions Our findings imply that LCN2 might be a promising biomarker to predict gut inflammation and EED. Whereas, increased level of LRP1 may contribute to alleviating intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mehedi Hasan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Amran Gazi
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Subhasish Das
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Hossaini
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Rong J, Tao X, Lin Y, Zheng H, Ning L, Lu HS, Daugherty A, Shi P, Mullick AE, Chen S, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wang J. Loss of Hepatic Angiotensinogen Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction. Circ Res 2021; 129:547-564. [PMID: 34238019 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a complex regulatory network that maintains normal physiological functions. The role of the RAS in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is poorly defined. Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the unique precursor of the RAS and gives rise to all angiotensin peptides. The effects and mechanisms of AGT in development of SIMD have not been defined. Objective: To determine a role of AGT in SIMD and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results: Either intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) significantly enhanced AGT abundances in liver, heart, and plasma. Deficiency of hepatocyte-derived AGT (hepAGT), rather than cardiomyocyte-derived AGT (carAGT), alleviated septic cardiac dysfunction in mice and prolonged survival time. Further investigations revealed that the effects of hepAGT on SIMD were partially associated with augmented angiotensin II (AngII) production in circulation. In addition, hepAGT was internalized by LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in cardiac fibroblasts (CF), and subsequently activated NLRP3 inflammasome via an AngII-independent pathway, ultimately promoting SIMD by suppressing Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) abundances in cardiomyocytes (CM). Conclusions: HepAGT promoted SIMD via both AngII-dependent and AngII-independent pathways. We identified a liver-heart axis by which AGT regulated development of SIMD. Our study may provide a potential novel therapeutic target for SIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Rong
- Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, CHINA
| | - Xinran Tao
- Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Yao Lin
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Haiqiong Zheng
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang university, CHINA
| | - Le Ning
- Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Hong S Lu
- Physiology, University of Kentucky, UNITED STATES
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, UNITED STATES
| | - Peng Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, CHINA
| | - Adam E Mullick
- Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, UNITED STATES
| | - Sicong Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, CHINA
| | - Zhaocai Zhang
- Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, CHINA
| | - Yinchuan Xu
- Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang university, CHINA
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, CHINA
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Wohlford GF, Buckley LF, Kadariya D, Park T, Chiabrando JG, Carbone S, Mihalick V, Halquist MS, Pearcy A, Austin D, Gelber C, Abbate A, Van Tassell B. A phase 1 clinical trial of SP16, a first-in-class anti-inflammatory LRP1 agonist, in healthy volunteers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247357. [PMID: 33956804 PMCID: PMC8101931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous serine protease inhibitors are associated with anti-inflammatory and pro-survival signaling mediated via Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) signaling. SP16 is a short polypeptide that mimics the LRP1 binding portion of alpha-1 antitrypsin. METHODS A pilot phase I, first-in-man, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled safety study was conducted to evaluate a subcutaneous injection at three dose levels of SP16 (0.0125, 0.05, and 0.2 mg/kg [up to 12 mg]) or matching placebo in 3:1 ratio in healthy individuals. Safety monitoring included vital signs, laboratory examinations (including hematology, coagulation, platelet function, chemistry, myocardial toxicity) and electrocardiography (to measure effect on PR, QRS, and QTc). RESULTS Treatment with SP16 was not associated with treatment related serious adverse events. SP16 was associated with mild-moderate pain at the time of injection that was significantly higher than placebo on a 0-10 pain scale (6.0+/-1.4 [0.2 mg/kg] versus 1.5+/-2.1 [placebo], P = 0.0088). No differences in vital signs, laboratory examinations and electrocardiography were found in those treated with SP16 versus placebo. CONCLUSION A one-time treatment with SP16 for doses up to 0.2 mg/kg or 12 mg was safe in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F. Wohlford
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Leo F. Buckley
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Dinesh Kadariya
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Taeshik Park
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Juan Guido Chiabrando
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Virginia Mihalick
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Halquist
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Adam Pearcy
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Dana Austin
- Serpin Pharma LLC, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Cohava Gelber
- Serpin Pharma LLC, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Van Tassell
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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Ahluwalia P, Ahluwalia M, Mondal AK, Sahajpal N, Kota V, Rojiani MV, Rojiani AM, Kolhe R. Prognostic and therapeutic implications of extracellular matrix associated gene signature in renal clear cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7561. [PMID: 33828127 PMCID: PMC8026590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions in tumor microenvironment between ECM (extra-cellular matrix) and cancer cell plays a central role in the generation of tumor supportive microenvironment. In this study, the expression of ECM-related genes was explored for prognostic and immunological implication in clear cell renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Out of 964 ECM genes, higher expression (z-score > 2) of 35 genes showed significant association with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). On comparison to normal tissue, 12 genes (NUDT1, SIGLEC1, LRP1, LOXL2, SERPINE1, PLOD3, ZP3, RARRES2, TGM2, COL3A1, ANXA4, and POSTN) showed elevated expression in kidney tumor (n = 523) compared to normal (n = 100). Further, Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to develop 12 genes ECM signature that showed significant association with overall survival in TCGA dataset (HR = 2.45; 95% CI [1.78-3.38]; p < 0.01). This gene signature was further validated in 3 independent datasets from GEO database. Kaplan-Meier log-rank test significantly associated patients with elevated expression of this gene signature with a higher risk of mortality. Further, differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2 and principal component analysis (PCA) identified genes with the highest fold change forming distinct clusters between ECM-rich high-risk and ECM-poor low-risk patients. Geneset enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified significant perturbations in homeostatic kidney functions in the high-risk group. Further, higher infiltration of immunosuppressive T-reg and M2 macrophages was observed in high-risk group patients. The present study has identified a prognostic signature with associated tumor-promoting immune niche with clinical utility in ccRCC. Further exploration of ECM dynamics and validation of this gene signature can assist in design and application of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ashis K Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nikhil Sahajpal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Vamsi Kota
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mumtaz V Rojiani
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Amyn M Rojiani
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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From the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 to neuropathic pain: a potentially novel target. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e898. [PMID: 33981930 PMCID: PMC8108589 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 plays a major role in the regulation of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, neuroregeneration, neuropathic pain, and deficient cognitive functions. This review describes the roles of the low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP-1) in inflammatory pathways, nerve nerve degeneration and -regeneration and in neuropathic pain. Induction of LRP-1 is able to reduce the activation of the proinflammatory NFκB-mediated pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 signaling pathways, in turn decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 activation also decreases reactive astrogliosis and polarizes microglial cells and macrophages from a proinflammatory phenotype (M1) to an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2), attenuating the neuroinflammatory environment. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 can also modulate the permeability of the blood–brain barrier and the blood–nerve barrier, thus regulating the infiltration of systemic insults and cells into the central and the peripheral nervous system, respectively. Furthermore, LRP-1 is involved in the maturation of oligodendrocytes and in the activation, migration, and repair phenotype of Schwann cells, therefore suggesting a major role in restoring the myelin sheaths upon injury. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 activation can indirectly decrease neurodegeneration and neuropathic pain by attenuation of the inflammatory environment. Moreover, LRP-1 agonists can directly promote neural cell survival and neurite sprouting, decrease cell death, and attenuate pain and neurological disorders by the inhibition of MAPK c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38-pathway and activation of MAPK extracellular signal–regulated kinase pathway. In addition, activation of LRP-1 resulted in better outcomes for neuropathies such as Alzheimer disease, nerve injury, or diabetic peripheral neuropathy, attenuating neuropathic pain and improving cognitive functions. To summarize, LRP-1 plays an important role in the development of different experimental diseases of the nervous system, and it is emerging as a very interesting therapeutic target.
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Rohrbach S, Li L, Novoyatleva T, Niemann B, Knapp F, Molenda N, Schulz R. Impact of PCSK9 on CTRP9-Induced Metabolic Effects in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:593862. [PMID: 33643060 PMCID: PMC7904879 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.593862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipocytokine adiponectin and its structural homologs, the C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), increase insulin sensitivity, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Adiponectin- and CTRP-induced signal transduction has been described to involve the adiponectin receptors and a number of co-receptors including the Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). LRP1 is another target of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9) in addition to the LDL-receptor (LDL-R). Here, we investigated the influence of PCSK9 on the metabolic effects of CTRP9, the CTRP with the highest homology to adiponectin. Knockdown of LRP1 in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts blunts the effects of CTRP9 on signal transduction and mitochondrial biogenesis, suggesting its involvement in CTRP9-induced cellular effects. Treatment of adult rat cardiomyocytes with recombinant PCSK9 but not knockdown of endogenous PCSK9 by siRNA results in a strong reduction in LRP1 protein expression and subsequently reduces the mitochondrial biogenic effect of CTRP9. PCSK9 treatment (24 h) blunts the effects of CTRP9-induced signaling cascade activation (AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase B). In addition, the stimulating effects of CTRP9 on cardiomyocyte mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose metabolism (GLUT-4 translocation, glucose uptake) are largely blunted. Basal fatty acid (FA) uptake is strongly reduced by exogenous PCSK9, although protein expression of the PCSK9 target CD36, the key regulator of FA transport in cardiomyocytes, is not altered. In addition, only minor effects of PCSK9 were observed on CTRP9-induced FA uptake or the expression of genes involved in FA metabolism or uptake. Finally, this CTRP9-induced increase in CD36 expression occurs independent from LRP1 and LDL-R. In conclusion, PCSK9 treatment influences LRP1-mediated signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes. Thus, therapeutic PCSK9 inhibition may provide an additional benefit through stimulation of glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in addition to the known lipid-lowering effects. This could be an important beneficial side effect in situations with impaired mitochondrial function and reduced metabolic flexibility thereby influencing cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Niemann
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabienne Knapp
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicole Molenda
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Reinhold S, Blankesteijn WM, Foulquier S. The Interplay of WNT and PPARγ Signaling in Vascular Calcification. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122658. [PMID: 33322009 PMCID: PMC7763279 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), the ectopic deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the vessel wall, is one of the primary contributors to cardiovascular death. The pathology of VC is determined by vascular topography, pre-existing diseases, and our genetic heritage. VC evolves from inflammation, mediated by macrophages, and from the osteochondrogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the atherosclerotic plaque. This pathologic transition partly resembles endochondral ossification, involving the chronologically ordered activation of the β-catenin-independent and -dependent Wingless and Int-1 (WNT) pathways and the termination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signal transduction. Several atherosclerotic plaque studies confirmed the differential activity of PPARγ and the WNT signaling pathways in VC. Notably, the actively regulated β-catenin-dependent and -independent WNT signals increase the osteochondrogenic transformation of VSMC through the up-regulation of the osteochondrogenic transcription factors SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In addition, we have reported studies showing that WNT signaling pathways may be antagonized by PPARγ activation via the expression of different families of WNT inhibitors and through its direct interaction with β-catenin. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on WNT and PPARγ signaling and their interplay during the osteochondrogenic differentiation of VSMC in VC. Finally, we discuss knowledge gaps on this interplay and its possible clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reinhold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
| | - W. Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-433881409
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PCSK9: Associated with cardiac diseases and their risk factors? Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 704:108717. [PMID: 33307067 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PCSK9 plays a critical role in cholesterol metabolism via the PCSK9-LDLR axis. Liver-derived, circulating PCSK9 has become a novel drug target in lipid-lowering therapy. Accumulative evidence supports the possible association between PCSK9 and cardiac diseases and their risk factors. PCSK9 exerts various effects in the heart independently of LDL-cholesterol regulation. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) induces local and systemic inflammation and reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in increased PCSK9 expression in hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. PCSK9 upregulation promotes excessive autophagy and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, thereby contributing to cardiac insufficiency. PCSK9 might also participate in the pathophysiology of heart failure by regulating fatty acid metabolism and cardiomyocyte contractility. It also promotes platelet activation and coagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. PCSK9 is an independent predictor of aortic valve calcification and accelerates calcific aortic valve disease by regulating lipoprotein(a) catabolism. Accordingly, the use of PCSK9 inhibitors significantly reduced infarct sizes and arrhythmia and improves cardiac contractile function in a rat model of AMI. Circulating PCSK9 levels are positively correlated with age, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension. Here, we reviewed recent clinical and experimental studies exploring the association between PCSK9, cardiac diseases, and their related risk factors and aiming to identify possible underlying mechanisms.
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Chieosilapatham P, Yue H, Ikeda S, Ogawa H, Niyonsaba F. Involvement of the lipoprotein receptor LRP1 in AMP-IBP5-mediated migration and proliferation of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 99:158-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Li J, Sun D, Li Y. Novel Findings and Therapeutic Targets on Cardioprotection of Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury in STEMI. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3726-3739. [PMID: 31692431 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191105103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. A large number of STEMI patients after the infarction gradually develop heart failure due to the infarcted myocardium. Timely reperfusion is essential to salvage ischemic myocardium from the infarction, but the restoration of coronary blood flow in the infarct-related artery itself induces myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte death, known as ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The factors contributing to IRI in STEMI are complex, and microvascular obstruction, inflammation, release of reactive oxygen species, myocardial stunning, and activation of myocardial cell death are involved. Therefore, additional cardioprotection is required to prevent the heart from IRI. Although many mechanical conditioning procedures and pharmacological agents have been identified as effective cardioprotective approaches in animal studies, their translation into the clinical practice has been relatively disappointing due to a variety of reasons. With new emerging data on cardioprotection in STEMI over the past few years, it is mandatory to reevaluate the effectiveness of "old" cardioprotective interventions and highlight the novel therapeutic targets and new treatment strategies of cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Danghui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Bornachea O, Benitez-Amaro A, Vea A, Nasarre L, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Escola-Gil JC, Cedo L, Iborra A, Martínez-Martínez L, Juarez C, Camara JA, Espinet C, Borrell-Pages M, Badimon L, Castell J, Llorente-Cortés V. Immunization with the Gly 1127-Cys 1140 amino acid sequence of the LRP1 receptor reduces atherosclerosis in rabbits. Molecular, immunohistochemical and nuclear imaging studies. Theranostics 2020; 10:3263-3280. [PMID: 32194867 PMCID: PMC7053206 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The LRP1 (CR9) domain and, in particular, the sequence Gly1127-Cys1140 (P3) plays a critical role in the binding and internalization of aggregated LDL (agLDL). We aimed to evaluate whether immunization with P3 reduces high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis. Methods: Female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were immunized with a primary injection and four reminder doses (R1-R4) of IrP (irrelevant peptide) or P3 conjugated to the carrier. IrP and P3-immunized rabbits were randomly divided into a normal diet group and a HFD-fed group. Anti-P3 antibody levels were determined by ELISA. Lipoprotein profile, circulating and tissue lipids, and vascular pro-inflammatory mediators were determined using standardized methods while atherosclerosis was determined by confocal microscopy studies and non-invasive imaging (PET/CT and Doppler ultrasonography). Studies treating human macrophages (hMΦ) and coronary vascular smooth muscle cells (hcVSMC) with rabbit serums were performed to ascertain the potential impact of anti-P3 Abs on the functionality of these crucial cells. Results: P3 immunization specifically induced the production of anti-P3 antibodies (Abs) and did not alter the lipoprotein profile. HFD strongly induced cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in the aorta of both the control and IrP groups, and their serum dose-dependently raised the intracellular CE of hMΦ and hcVSMC, promoting TNFR1 and phospho-NF-kB (p65) overexpression. These HFD pro-inflammatory effects were dramatically decreased in the aorta of P3-immunized rabbits and in hMΦ and hcVSMC exposed to the P3 rabbit serums. Microscopy studies revealed that P3 immunization reduced the percentage of lipids, macrophages, and SMCs in the arterial intima, as well as the atherosclerotic extent and lesion area in the aorta. PET/CT and Doppler ultrasonography studies showed that the average standardized uptake value (SUVmean) of the aorta and the arterial resistance index (ARI) of the carotids were more upregulated by HFD in the control and IrP groups than the P3 group. Conclusions: P3 immunization counteracts HFD-induced fatty streak formation in rabbits. The specific blockade of the LRP1 (CR9) domain with Anti-P3 Abs dramatically reduces HFD-induced intracellular CE loading and harmful coupling to pro-inflammatory signaling in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bornachea
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology. Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology. Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Angela Vea
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology. Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. Spain
- CIBER enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERcv)
| | - Juan Carlos Escola-Gil
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona. Spain
| | - Lidia Cedo
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona. Spain
| | - Antoni Iborra
- SCAC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Immunology, Institut de Recerca and Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Candido Juarez
- Department of Immunology, Institut de Recerca and Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Camara
- Preclinical Imaging Platform. Vall dHebron Institute of Research. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carina Espinet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge (IDI), Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- CIBER enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERcv)
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- CIBER enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERcv)
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Castell
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge (IDI), Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology. Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. Spain
- CIBER enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERcv)
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Kohara Y, Haraguchi R, Kitazawa R, Kitazawa S. Knockdown of Lrp1 in RAW264 cells inhibits osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-osteoblast interactions in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:961-965. [PMID: 31964526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a multifunctional cell surface protein, is expressed in bone marrow-derived macrophages. While LRP1 is thought to be a suppressor of osteoclast differentiation at late stages, its function at early stages remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that Lrp1 stable knockdown by lentiviral short hairpin RNA in macrophage cell line RAW264 cells inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and osteoclastic master transcription factor Nfatc1 mRNA expression as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, knockdown of the Lrp1 gene suppressed not only differentiation, but also proliferation, and inhibitory effects on osteoblastic ALP activity by osteoclast-derived humoral factors. Thus, we propose that LRP1 in macrophages is required for both differentiation into osteoclasts and osteoclast-osteoblast interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Kohara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Ryuma Haraguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan; Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Sohei Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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Labbé P, Thorin E. Therapeutic Targeting of LRP6 in Cardiovascular Diseases: Challenging But Not Wnt-Possible! Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:1567-1575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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