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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Sourianarayanane A, Brydges CR, McCullough AJ. Liver tissue lipids in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with diabetes and obesity. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102402. [PMID: 38909684 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and obesity are associated with altered lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis. Studies suggest that increases in lipid accumulation in these patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are not uniform for all lipid components. This study evaluates this variation. METHODS A comprehensive lipidomic analysis of different lipid groups, were performed on liver tissue and plasma samples obtained at the time of histology from a well-defined cohort of 72 MASLD participants. The lipid profiles of controls were compared to those of MASLD patients with obesity, diabetes, or a combination of both. RESULTS MASLD patients without obesity or diabetes exhibited distinct changes in the lipid profile of their liver tissue. The presence of diabetes or obesity further modified these lipid profiles (e.g., ceramide 47:7;4O), with positive or negative correlation (p < 0.05). A step-wise increase (long-chain fatty acids, triglycerides, and ceramides) or decrease (ultra-long fatty acids, diglycerides, and phospholipids) for lipid groups was observed compared to control among patients with MASLD without obesity or diabetes to MASLD patients with obesity as a single risk factor, and MASLD patients with obesity and diabetes. Changes in lipids observed in the plasma did not align with their corresponding liver tissue findings. CONCLUSION The changes observed in the composition of lipids are not similar in patients with obesity and diabetes among those with MASLD. This highlights the different metabolic processes at play. The presence of obesity or diabetes in patients with MASLD exacerbates these lipid derangements, underscoring the potential for targeted intervention in MASLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achuthan Sourianarayanane
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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3
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Carrard J, Hofer M, Prechtl L, Fleischlin E, Huber M, Gallart-Ayala H, Teav T, Infanger D, Höchsmann C, Koehler K, Hinrichs T, Hanssen H, Ivanisevic J, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. Effect of an eight-week high-intensity interval training programme on circulating sphingolipid levels in middle-aged adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk (SphingoFIT)-Protocol for a randomised controlled exercise trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302477. [PMID: 38717997 PMCID: PMC11078397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence indicates that sphingolipid accumulation drives complex molecular alterations promoting cardiometabolic diseases. Clinically, it was shown that sphingolipids predict cardiometabolic risk independently of and beyond traditional biomarkers such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. To date, little is known about therapeutic modalities to lower sphingolipid levels. Exercise, a powerful means to prevent and treat cardiometabolic diseases, is a promising modality to mitigate sphingolipid levels in a cost-effective, safe, and patient-empowering manner. METHODS This randomised controlled trial will explore whether and to what extent an 8-week fitness-enhancing training programme can lower serum sphingolipid levels of middle-aged adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk (n = 98, 50% females). The exercise intervention will consist of supervised high-intensity interval training (three sessions weekly), while the control group will receive physical activity counselling based on current guidelines. Blood will be sampled early in the morning in a fasted state before and after the 8-week programme. Participants will be provided with individualised, pre-packaged meals for the two days preceding blood sampling to minimise potential confounding. An 'omic-scale sphingolipid profiling, using high-coverage reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, will be applied to capture the circulating sphingolipidome. Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests will be performed before and after the 8-week programme to assess patient fitness changes. Cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, static retinal vessel analysis, flow-mediated dilatation, and strain analysis of the heart cavities will also be assessed pre- and post-intervention. This study shall inform whether and to what extent exercise can be used as an evidence-based treatment to lower circulating sphingolipid levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06024291) on August 28, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Carrard
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- SportAdo Centre, Children and Adolescent Surgery, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hofer
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Prechtl
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Fleischlin
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Huber
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denis Infanger
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Höchsmann
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Koehler
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Hinrichs
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Huneault HE, Chen CY, Cohen CC, Liu X, Jarrell ZR, He Z, DeSantos KE, Welsh JA, Maner-Smith KM, Ortlund EA, Schwimmer JB, Vos MB. Lipidome Changes Associated with a Diet-Induced Reduction in Hepatic Fat among Adolescent Boys with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Metabolites 2024; 14:191. [PMID: 38668319 PMCID: PMC11052520 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about lipid changes that occur in the setting of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) regression. We previously reported improvements in hepatic steatosis, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and metabolomic profiles associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and selected lipid metabolism in 40 adolescent boys (11-16 y) with hepatic steatosis ≥5% (98% meeting the definition of MASLD). Participants were randomized to a low-free-sugar diet (LFSD) (n = 20) or usual diet (n = 20) for 8 weeks. Here, we employed untargeted/targeted lipidomics to examine lipid adaptations associated with the LFSD and improvement of hepatic steatosis. Our LC-MS/MS analysis revealed decreased triglycerides (TGs), diacylglycerols (DGs), cholesteryl esters (ChE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) species with the diet intervention (p < 0.05). Network analysis demonstrated significantly lower levels of palmitate-enriched TG species post-intervention, mirroring the previously shown reduction in DNL in response to the LFSD. Targeted oxylipins analysis revealed a decrease in the abundance of 8-isoprostane and 14,15-DiHET and an increase in 8,9-DiHET (p < 0.05). Overall, we observed reductions in TGs, DGs, ChE, PC, and LPC species among participants in the LFSD group. These same lipids have been associated with MASLD progression; therefore, our findings may indicate normalization of key biological processes, including lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and lipotoxicity. Additionally, our targeted oxylipins assay revealed novel changes in eicosanoids, suggesting improvements in oxidative stress. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of these findings and prospects of these lipids as biomarkers of MASLD regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helaina E. Huneault
- Nutrition & Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.B.V.)
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.-Y.C.); (X.L.); (E.A.O.)
| | - Catherine C. Cohen
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.C.C.); (K.M.M.-S.)
| | - Xueyun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.-Y.C.); (X.L.); (E.A.O.)
| | - Zachery R. Jarrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Zhulin He
- Pediatric Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Karla E. DeSantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jean A. Welsh
- Nutrition & Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.B.V.)
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kristal M. Maner-Smith
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.C.C.); (K.M.M.-S.)
| | - Eric A. Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (C.-Y.C.); (X.L.); (E.A.O.)
| | - Jeffrey B. Schwimmer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Miriam B. Vos
- Nutrition & Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.B.V.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Brown RDR, Green CD, Weigel C, Ni B, Celi FS, Proia RL, Spiegel S. Overexpression of ORMDL3 confers sexual dimorphism in diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101851. [PMID: 38081412 PMCID: PMC10772294 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The bioactive sphingolipid metabolites ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) accumulate with overnutrition and have been implicated in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. ORMDL3, a negative regulator of the rate-limiting step in ceramide biosynthesis, has been identified as an obesity-related gene. Therefore, we assessed the role of ORMDL3 in diet-induced obesity and development of NASH. METHODS Globally overexpressing Ormdl3-Flag transgenic mice (ORMDL3TG) were fed a western high-fat, carbohydrate and cholesterol enriched diet, with high fructose-glucose drinking water. Physiological, biochemical and sphingolipidomic analyses were employed to measure the effect of ORMDL3 overexpression on NASH development. RESULTS ORMDL3TG male but not female mice fed a western high-fat diet and sugar water had exacerbated adipocyte hypertrophy together with increased severity of white adipose inflammation and fibrosis. Hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose homeostasis, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance were significantly more severe only in obese ORMDL3TG male mice that accompanied dramatic liver fibrosis, inflammation, and formation of hepatic crown-like structures, which are unique features of human and murine NASH. Obesogenic diet induces ORMDL expression in male mice but reduces it in females. Mechanistically, overexpression of Ormdl3 lowered the levels of S1P and ceramides only in obese female mice and antithetically increased them in tissues of obese males. ORMDL3TG male mice exhibited a much greater induction of the UPR, propagating ER stress that contributed to their early development of NASH. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovered a previously unrecognized role for ORMDL3 in sexual dimorphism important for the development and progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D R Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Christopher D Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bin Ni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Francesco S Celi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Zoico E, Giani A, Saatchi T, Rizzatti V, Mazzali G, Fantin F, Benfari G, Onorati F, Urbani S, Zamboni M. Myocardial Fibrosis and Steatosis in Patients with Aortic Stenosis: Roles of Myostatin and Ceramides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15508. [PMID: 37958492 PMCID: PMC10648018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) involves progressive valve obstruction and a remodeling response of the left ventriculum (LV) with systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The roles of interstitial fibrosis and myocardial steatosis in LV dysfunction in AS have not been completely characterized. We enrolled 31 patients (19 women and 12 men) with severe AS undergoing elective aortic valve replacement. The subjects were clinically evaluated, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed pre-surgery. LV septal biopsies were obtained to assess fibrosis and apoptosis and fat deposition in myocytes (perilipin 5 (PLIN5)), or in the form of adipocytes within the heart (perilipin 1 (PLIN1)), the presence of ceramides and myostatin were assessed via immunohistochemistry. After BMI adjustment, we found a positive association between fibrosis and apoptotic cardiomyocytes, as well as fibrosis and the area covered by PLIN5. Apoptosis and PLIN5 were also significantly interrelated. LV fibrosis increased with a higher medium gradient (MG) and peak gradient (PG). Ceramides and myostatin levels were higher in patients within the higher MG and PG tertiles. In the linear regression analysis, increased fibrosis correlated with increased apoptosis and myostatin, independent from confounding factors. After adjustment for age and BMI, we found a positive relationship between PLIN5 and E/A and a negative correlation between septal S', global longitudinal strain (GLS), and fibrosis. Myostatin was inversely correlated with GLS and ejection fraction. Fibrosis and myocardial steatosis altogether contribute to ventricular dysfunction in severe AS. The association of myostatin and fibrosis with systolic dysfunction, as well as between myocardial steatosis and diastolic dysfunction, highlights potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zoico
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (A.G.)
| | - Anna Giani
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (A.G.)
| | - Tanaz Saatchi
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (A.G.)
| | - Vanni Rizzatti
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (A.G.)
| | - Gloria Mazzali
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (A.G.)
| | - Francesco Fantin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (A.G.)
| | - Giovanni Benfari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Onorati
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Urbani
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (A.G.)
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
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Sarode GV, Mazi TA, Neier K, Shibata NM, Jospin G, Harder NH, Caceres A, Heffern MC, Sharma AK, More SK, Dave M, Schroeder SM, Wang L, LaSalle JM, Lutsenko S, Medici V. The role of intestine in metabolic dysregulation in murine Wilson disease. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0247. [PMID: 37695076 PMCID: PMC10497250 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical manifestations of Wilson disease (WD) are related to copper accumulation in the liver and the brain, but little is known about other tissue involvement regarding metabolic changes in WD. In vitro studies suggested that the loss of intestinal ATP7B affects metabolic dysregulation in WD. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the gut microbiota and lipidome in 2 mouse models of WD and by characterizing a new mouse model with a targeted deletion of Atp7b in the intestine. METHODS Cecal content 16S sequencing and untargeted hepatic and plasma lipidome analyses in the Jackson Laboratory toxic-milk and the Atp7b null global knockout mouse models of WD were profiled and integrated. Intestine-specific Atp7b knockout mice (Atp7bΔIEC) were generated and characterized using targeted lipidome analysis following a high-fat diet challenge. RESULTS Gut microbiota diversity was reduced in animal models of WD. Comparative prediction analysis revealed amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism functions to be dysregulated in the WD gut microbial metagenome. Liver and plasma lipidomic profiles showed dysregulated triglyceride and diglyceride, phospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism in WD models. However, Atp7bΔIEC mice did not show gut microbiome differences compared to wild type. When challenged with a high-fat diet, Atp7bΔIEC mice exhibited profound alterations to fatty acid desaturation and sphingolipid metabolism pathways as well as altered APOB48 distribution in intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiome and lipidome underlie systemic metabolic manifestations in murine WD. Intestine-specific ATP7B deficiency affected both intestinal and systemic response to a high-fat challenge but not the microbiome profile, at least at early stages. WD is a systemic disease in which intestinal-specific ATP7B loss and diet influence the phenotype and the lipidome profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav V. Sarode
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Community Health Sciences - Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kari Neier
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Genome Center, MIND Institute, Davis, California, USA
| | - Noreene M. Shibata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel H.O. Harder
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amanda Caceres
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Marie C. Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ashok K. Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shyam K. More
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maneesh Dave
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Shannon M. Schroeder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janine M. LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Genome Center, MIND Institute, Davis, California, USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Dellinger RW, Holmes HE, Hu-Seliger T, Butt RW, Harrison SA, Mozaffarian D, Chen O, Guarente L. Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene reduces markers of hepatic inflammation in NAFLD: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hepatology 2023; 78:863-877. [PMID: 36082508 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing globally and on a path to becoming the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease. Strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are urgently needed. APPROACH AND RESULTS A 6-month prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of daily NRPT (commercially known as Basis, a combination of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene) supplementation in 111 adults with NAFLD. The study consisted of three arms: placebo, recommended daily dose of NRPT (NRPT 1×), and a double dose of NRPT (NRPT 2×). NRPT appeared safe and well tolerated. At the end of the study, no significant change was seen in the primary endpoint of hepatic fat fraction with respect to placebo. However, among prespecified secondary outcomes, a time-dependent decrease in the circulating levels of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was observed in the NRPT 1× group, and this decrease was significant with respect to placebo. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the circulating levels of the toxic lipid ceramide 14:0 was also observed in the NRPT 1× group versus placebo, and this decrease was associated with a decrease in ALT in individuals of this group. A dose-dependent effect was not observed with respect to ALT, GGT, or ceramide 14:0 in the NRPT 2× group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that NRPT at the recommended dose is safe and may hold promise in lowering markers of hepatic inflammation in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy , Tufts University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Oliver Chen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy , Tufts University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
- Biofortis Research , Addison , Illinois , USA
| | - Leonard Guarente
- Elysium Health New York , New York , New York , USA
- Department of Biology , MIT , Cambridge , Massachusetts , USA
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Wu ZP, Wei W, Cheng Y, Chen JY, Liu Y, Liu S, Hu MD, Zhao H, Li XF, Chen X. Altered adolescents obesity metabolism is associated with hypertension: a UPLC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1172290. [PMID: 37229452 PMCID: PMC10203610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between the plasma metabolites of adolescent obesity and hypertension and whether metabolite alterations had a mediating effort between adolescent obesity and hypertension. Methods We applied untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to detect the plasma metabolomic profiles of 105 adolescents. All participants were selected randomly based on a previous cross-sectional study. An orthogonal partial least squares- discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), followed by univariate statistics and enrichment analysis, was used to identify differential metabolites. Using logistic regression for variable selection, an obesity-related metabolite score (OMS, OMS=∑k=1nβnmetabolite n) was constructed from the metabolites identified, and hypertension risk was estimated. Results In our study, based on P< 0.05, variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1.0, and impact value > 0.1, we identified a total of 12 differential metabolites. Significantly altered metabolic pathways were the sphingolipid metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine biosynthesis. The logistic regression selection resulted in a four-metabolite score (thymidine, sphingomyelin (SM) d40:1, 4-hydroxyestradiol, and L-lysinamide), which was positively associated with hypertension risk (odds ratio: 7.79; 95% confidence interval: 2.13, 28.47; for the quintile 4 compared with quartile 1 of OMS) after multivariable adjustment. Conclusions The OMS constructed from four differential metabolites was used to predict the risk of hypertension in adolescents. These findings could provide sensitive biomarkers for the early recognition of hypertension in adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Yi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng-Die Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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10
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Kipp ZA, Martinez GJ, Bates EA, Maharramov AB, Flight RM, Moseley HNB, Morris AJ, Stec DE, Hinds TD. Bilirubin Nanoparticle Treatment in Obese Mice Inhibits Hepatic Ceramide Production and Remodels Liver Fat Content. Metabolites 2023; 13:215. [PMID: 36837834 PMCID: PMC9965094 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have indicated that increasing plasma bilirubin levels might be useful for preventing and treating hepatic lipid accumulation that occurs with metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. We have previously demonstrated that mice with hyperbilirubinemia had significantly less lipid accumulation in a diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model. However, bilirubin's effects on individual lipid species are currently unknown. Therefore, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) to determine the hepatic lipid composition of obese mice with NAFLD treated with bilirubin nanoparticles or vehicle control. We placed the mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks and then treated them with bilirubin nanoparticles or vehicle control for 4 weeks while maintaining the HFD. Bilirubin nanoparticles suppressed hepatic fat content overall. After analyzing the lipidomics data, we determined that bilirubin inhibited the accumulation of ceramides in the liver. The bilirubin nanoparticles significantly lowered the hepatic expression of two essential enzymes that regulate ceramide production, Sgpl1 and Degs1. Our results demonstrate that the bilirubin nanoparticles improve hepatic fat content by reducing ceramide production, remodeling the liver fat content, and improving overall metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Genesee J. Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Evelyn A. Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Agil B. Maharramov
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Robert M. Flight
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Hunter N. B. Moseley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
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11
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Kotlyarov S. Immune and metabolic cross-links in the pathogenesis of comorbid non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:597-615. [PMID: 36742172 PMCID: PMC9896611 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i4.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a steady growth of interest in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is associated with negative epidemiological data on the prevalence of the disease and its clinical significance. NAFLD is closely related to the metabolic syndrome and these relationships are the subject of active research. A growing body of evidence shows cross-linkages between metabolic abnormalities and the innate immune system in the development and progression of NAFLD. These links are bidirectional and largely still unclear, but a better understanding of them will improve the quality of diagnosis and management of patients. In addition, lipid metabolic disorders and the innate immune system link NAFLD with other diseases, such as atherosclerosis, which is of great clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan 390026, Russia
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12
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Sarode GV, Mazi TA, Neier K, Shibata NM, Jospin G, Harder NHO, Heffern MC, Sharma AK, More SK, Dave M, Schroeder SM, Wang L, LaSalle JM, Lutsenko S, Medici V. The role of intestine in metabolic dysregulation in murine Wilson disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.524009. [PMID: 36711483 PMCID: PMC9882126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.524009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Major clinical manifestations of Wilson disease (WD) are related to copper accumulation in the liver and the brain, and little is known about other tissues involvement in metabolic changes in WD. In vitro studies suggested that the loss of intestinal ATP7B could contribute to metabolic dysregulation in WD. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating gut microbiota and lipidome in two mouse models of WD and by characterizing a new mouse model with a targeted deletion of Atp7b in intestine. Methods Cecal content 16S sequencing and untargeted hepatic and plasma lipidome analyses in the Jackson Laboratory toxic-milk and the Atp7b null global knockout mouse models of WD were profiled and integrated. Intestine-specific Atp7b knockout mice ( Atp7b ΔIEC ) was generated using B6.Cg-Tg(Vil1-cre)997Gum/J mice and Atp7b Lox/Lox mice, and characterized using targeted lipidome analysis following a high-fat diet challenge. Results Gut microbiota diversity was reduced in animal models of WD. Comparative prediction analysis revealed amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism functions to be dysregulated in the WD gut microbial metagenome. Liver and plasma lipidomic profiles showed dysregulated tri- and diglyceride, phospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism in WD models. When challenged with a high-fat diet, Atp7b ΔIEC mice exhibited profound alterations to fatty acid desaturation and sphingolipid metabolism pathways as well as altered APOB48 distribution in intestinal epithelial cells. Conclusion Coordinated changes of gut microbiome and lipidome analyses underlie systemic metabolic manifestations in murine WD. Intestine-specific ATP7B deficiency affected both intestinal and systemic response to a high-fat challenge. WD is a systemic disease in which intestinal-specific ATP7B loss and diet influence phenotypic presentations.
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13
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Zhu C, Huai Q, Zhang X, Dai H, Li X, Wang H. Insights into the roles and pathomechanisms of ceramide and sphigosine-1-phosphate in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:311-330. [PMID: 36594091 PMCID: PMC9760443 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.78525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide, encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions that are not caused by other etiology, such as overt alcohol consumption, from simple steatosis to more aggressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that involves liver inflammation and fibrosis, and to the lethal cirrhosis that may result in liver cancer and liver failure. The molecular mechanisms governing the transition from steatosis to NASH remain not fully understood, but the hepatic lipidome is extensively altered in the setting of steatosis and steatohepatitis, which also correlate with disease progression. With the tremendous advancement in the field of lipidomics in last two decades, a better understanding of the specific role of sphingolipids in fatty liver disease has taken shape. Among the numerous lipid subtypes that accumulate, ceramides are particularly impactful. On the one hand, excessive ceramides deposition in the liver cause hepatic steatosis. On the other hand, ceramides as lipotoxic lipid have significant effects on hepatic inflammation, apoptosis and insulin resistance that contribute to NAFLD. In this review, we summarize and evaluate current understanding of the multiple roles of ceramides in the onset of fatty liver disease and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying their effects, and we also discuss recent advances and challenges in pharmacological interventions targeting ceramide metabolism for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Huai
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hanren Dai
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Hua Wang, Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China and Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. E-mail: ; Xiaolei Li, Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. E-mail:
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Hua Wang, Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China and Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. E-mail: ; Xiaolei Li, Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. E-mail:
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14
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Nicholson RJ, Norris MK, Poss AM, Holland WL, Summers SA. The Lard Works in Mysterious Ways: Ceramides in Nutrition-Linked Chronic Disease. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:115-144. [PMID: 35584813 PMCID: PMC9399075 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062220-112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diet influences onset, progression, and severity of several chronic diseases, including heart failure, diabetes, steatohepatitis, and a subset of cancers. The prevalence and clinical burden of these obesity-linked diseases has risen over the past two decades. These metabolic disorders are driven by ectopic lipid deposition in tissues not suited for fat storage, leading to lipotoxic disruption of cell function and survival. Sphingolipids such as ceramides are among the most deleterious and bioactive metabolites that accrue, as they participate in selective insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and apoptosis. This review discusses our current understanding of biochemical pathways controlling ceramide synthesis, production and action; influences of diet on ceramide levels; application of circulating ceramides as clinical biomarkers of metabolic disease; and molecular mechanisms linking ceramides to altered metabolism and survival of cells. Development of nutritional or pharmacological strategies to lower ceramides could have therapeutic value in a wide range of prevalent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J. Nicholson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Marie K. Norris
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Annelise M. Poss
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William L. Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Scott A. Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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15
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Deng KQ, Huang X, Lei F, Zhang XJ, Zhang P, She ZG, Cai J, Ji YX, Li H. Role of hepatic lipid species in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C630-C639. [PMID: 35759443 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00123.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease due to the global pandemic of metabolic diseases. Dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism plays a central role in the initiation and progression of NAFLD. With the advancement of lipidomics, an increasing number of lipid species and underlying mechanisms associating hepatic lipid components have been revealed. Therefore, the focus of this mini-review is to highlight the links between hepatic lipid species and their mechanisms mediating the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We first summarized the interplay between NAFLD and hepatic lipid disturbances. Next, we focused on reviewing the role of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, oxidized phospholipids, and their respective intermediates in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The mechanisms by which monounsaturated fatty acids and other pro-resolving mediators exert protective effects are also addressed. Finally, we further discussed the implication of different analysis approaches in lipidomic. Evolving insights into the pathophysiology of NAFLD will provide the opportunity for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Center Hospital of Huanggang, Huanggang, China.,Huanggang Institute of Translation Medicine, Huanggang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Lei
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Huanggang Institute of Translation Medicine, Huanggang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Leandro AC, Michael LF, Almeida M, Kuokkanen M, Huynh K, Giles C, Duong T, Diego VP, Duggirala R, Clarke GD, Blangero J, Meikle PJ, Curran JE. Influence of the Human Lipidome on Epicardial Fat Volume in Mexican American Individuals. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:889985. [PMID: 35734277 PMCID: PMC9207321 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.889985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and is the leading cause of death in the US. Lipid dysregulation is a well-known precursor to metabolic diseases, including CVD. There is a growing body of literature that suggests MRI-derived epicardial fat volume, or epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume, is linked to the development of coronary artery disease. Interestingly, epicardial fat is also actively involved in lipid and energy homeostasis, with epicardial adipose tissue having a greater capacity for release and uptake of free fatty acids. However, there is a scarcity of knowledge on the influence of plasma lipids on EAT volume. Aim The focus of this study is on the identification of novel lipidomic species associated with CMRI-derived measures of epicardial fat in Mexican American individuals. Methods We performed lipidomic profiling on 200 Mexican American individuals. High-throughput mass spectrometry enabled rapid capture of precise lipidomic profiles, providing measures of 799 unique species from circulating plasma samples. Because of our extended pedigree design, we utilized a standard quantitative genetic linear mixed model analysis to determine whether lipids were correlated with EAT by formally testing for association between each lipid species and the CMRI epicardial fat phenotype. Results After correction for multiple testing using the FDR approach, we identified 135 lipid species showing significant association with epicardial fat. Of those, 131 lipid species were positively correlated with EAT, where increased circulating lipid levels were correlated with increased epicardial fat. Interestingly, the top 10 lipid species associated with an increased epicardial fat volume were from the deoxyceramide (Cer(m)) and triacylglycerol (TG) families. Deoxyceramides are atypical and neurotoxic sphingolipids. Triacylglycerols are an abundant lipid class and comprise the bulk of storage fat in tissues. Pathologically elevated TG and Cer(m) levels are related to CVD risk and, in our study, to EAT volume. Conclusion Our results indicate that specific lipid abnormalities such as enriched saturated triacylglycerols and the presence of toxic ceramides Cer(m) in plasma of our individuals could precede CVD with increased EAT volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Leandro
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | | | - Marcio Almeida
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Mikko Kuokkanen
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thy Duong
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vincent P. Diego
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Geoffrey D. Clarke
- Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, United States
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17
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Song Q, Liu H, Zhang Y, Qiao C, Ge S. Lipidomics Revealed Alteration of the Sphingolipid Metabolism in the Liver of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Mice Treated with Scoparone. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14121-14127. [PMID: 35559132 PMCID: PMC9089391 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Perturbation in sphingolipid metabolism has been regarded as a risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development, predisposing to inflammation, insulin resistance, and weight gain. Scoparone can regulate the level of ceramide in primary hepatocytes and effectively ameliorate hepatic inflammation, apoptosis, steatosis, and fibrogenesis in a mice model of NASH. Nevertheless, the potential effects of scoparone in sphingolipid metabolism, which is dysregulated in NASH, have not been explored so far. To uncover the impact of scoparone on sphingolipid metabolism in NASH and potential therapeutic targets for treating NASH, the liver tissue samples were collected and lipidomics analysis based on UPLC-QTRAP-MRM/MS was carried out. The collected raw data was handled with multivariate data treatment to discover the potential biomarkers in sphingolipid metabolism. Compared to the control group, 22 potential sphingolipid biomarkers were discovered in the NASH group, of which 10 were downregulated and 12 were upregulated. Orally administrated scoparone contributed to the reversal of the levels of these potential biomarkers. Ten differential metabolites showed a tendency of recovery compared to the control group and may be potential targets for scoparone to treat NASH. This study indicated that lipidomics can detect the perturbed sphingolipids to unravel the therapeutic effects of scoparone on NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P.R. China
| | - Hu Liu
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P.R. China
| | - Yunqi Zhang
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanqi Qiao
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqin Ge
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P.R. China
- College
of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, P.R. China
- (S.G.). Phone: +86-312-5075644. Fax: +86-312-5075644
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18
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Association between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Severity of Coronary Artery Stenosis in Eastern Chinese Population. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.122772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with the severity and extent of coronary stenotic lesions calculated by the Gensini score. In addition, the ability of Fibrosis-4 (FIB4) score to differentiate coronary artery calcification (CAC) and its severity is assessed. Methods: The current retrospective study was performed on a total of 342 patients examined between January and December 2016 in an affiliated hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China. The study used liver ultrasonography for the assessment of NAFLD. Furthermore, the FIB4 and Gensini scores were used to predict hepatic fibrosis risk and the severity of coronary stenotic lesions. Results: The present study revealed that the serum levels of triglycerides, fasting glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and uric acid were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than in participants without NAFLD (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.032, and P = 0.002). Moreover, cases with NAFLD had a higher percentage of diabetes mellitus and hypertension (P < 0.001 and 0.001) than those without NAFLD. It was noted that the level of high-density lipoprotein was lower in patients with NAFLD than in participants without NAFLD (P = 0.006). In addition, we observed that the Gensini score was higher in patients with NAFLD than in participants without NAFLD (P = 0.033). It was found that 27.3%, 25.8%, 45.7%, and 56.3% of the participants had NAFLD in control, single, double, and multi lesion groups, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.008). The number of diseased vessels in patients with severe NAFLD was higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). It was also evident that the number of affected vessels significantly increased (P = 0.010 and P = 0.001) with the stages of NAFLD predicted by the FIB4 and Gensini scores. Furthermore, the Gensini score in patients with moderate and severe NAFLD was higher than in the control group (P = 0.013 and P = 0.019). We also conducted univariate logistic regression analyses to examine the relationship of CAC with FIB4 scores, and it was not significant (P = 0.191). Conclusions: The present study showed a positive relationship between NAFLD severity and coronary stenotic lesions in the eastern Chinese population. Furthermore, it was found that the higher the degree of FIB4 score, the higher the risk of CAC in patients with NAFLD. Therefore, assessing NAFLD severity using the FIB4 score may be useful for differentiating the patients at a higher risk of CAC. However, further prospective studies are required to establish the link between the FIB4 score and CAC.
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19
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Lipid Metabolism Disorders in the Comorbid Course of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112978. [PMID: 34831201 PMCID: PMC8616072 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently among the most common liver diseases. Unfavorable data on the epidemiology of metabolic syndrome and obesity have increased the attention of clinicians and researchers to the problem of NAFLD. The research results allow us to emphasize the systemicity and multifactoriality of the pathogenesis of liver parenchyma lesion. At the same time, many aspects of its classification, etiology, and pathogenesis remain controversial. Local and systemic metabolic disorders are also a part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and can influence its course. The present article analyzes the metabolic pathways mediating the links of impaired lipid metabolism in NAFLD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Free fatty acids, cholesterol, and ceramides are involved in key metabolic and inflammatory pathways underlying the pathogenesis of both diseases. Moreover, inflammation and lipid metabolism demonstrate close links in the comorbid course of NAFLD and COPD.
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20
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Zhai R, Feng L, Zhang Y, Liu W, Li S, Hu Z. Combined Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Dysregulated Genes Expression and Lipid Metabolism Profiles in the Early Stage of Fatty Liver Disease in Rats. Front Nutr 2021; 8:733197. [PMID: 34604283 PMCID: PMC8484319 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.733197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease develops from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which then potentially develops into liver cirrhosis. It is a serious threat to human health. Therefore, investigating the formation and development mechanism of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is of great significance. Herein, an early model of NAFLD was successfully established by feeding rats with a high-fat and choline-deficient diet. Liver tissue samples were obtained from rats in the fatty liver model group (NAFL) and normal diet control group (CON). Afterward, transcriptome and lipidomic analysis was performed. Transcriptome results revealed that 178 differentially expressed genes were detected in NAFL and CON groups. Out of which, 105 genes were up-regulated, 73 genes were downregulated, and 8 pathways were significantly enriched. A total of 982 metabolites were detected in lipidomic analysis. Out of which 474 metabolites were significantly different, 273 were up-regulated, 201 were downregulated, and 7 pathways were significantly enriched. Based on the joint analysis, 3 common enrichment pathways were found, including cholesterol metabolism and fat digestion and absorption metabolic pathways. Overall, in the early stage of NAFLD, a small number of genetic changes caused a strong response to lipid components. The strongest reflection was glycerides and glycerophospholipids. A significant increase in fatty acid uptake accompanied by cholesterol metabolism is the most prominent metabolic feature of the liver in the early stage of NAFLD. In the early stage of fatty liver, the liver had shown the characteristics of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Zhai
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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21
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Choi RH, Tatum SM, Symons JD, Summers SA, Holland WL. Ceramides and other sphingolipids as drivers of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:701-711. [PMID: 33772258 PMCID: PMC8978615 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Increases in calorie consumption and sedentary lifestyles are fuelling a global pandemic of cardiometabolic diseases, including coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. These lifestyle factors, when combined with genetic predispositions, increase the levels of circulating lipids, which can accumulate in non-adipose tissues, including blood vessel walls and the heart. The metabolism of these lipids produces bioactive intermediates that disrupt cellular function and survival. A compelling body of evidence suggests that sphingolipids, such as ceramides, account for much of the tissue damage in these cardiometabolic diseases. In humans, serum ceramide levels are proving to be accurate biomarkers of adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes. In mice and rats, pharmacological inhibition or depletion of enzymes driving de novo ceramide synthesis prevents the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In cultured cells and isolated tissues, ceramides perturb mitochondrial function, block fuel usage, disrupt vasodilatation and promote apoptosis. In this Review, we discuss the body of literature suggesting that ceramides are drivers - and not merely passengers - on the road to cardiovascular disease. Moreover, we explore the feasibility of therapeutic strategies to lower ceramide levels to improve cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hee Choi
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Ran Hee Choi, Sean M. Tatum
| | - Sean M. Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Ran Hee Choi, Sean M. Tatum
| | - J. David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A. Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William L. Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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22
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Carrard J, Gallart-Ayala H, Weber N, Colledge F, Streese L, Hanssen H, Schmied C, Ivanisevic J, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. How Ceramides Orchestrate Cardiometabolic Health-An Ode to Physically Active Living. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100675. [PMID: 34677390 PMCID: PMC8538837 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) represent a growing socioeconomic burden and concern for healthcare systems worldwide. Improving patients’ metabolic phenotyping in clinical practice will enable clinicians to better tailor prevention and treatment strategy to individual needs. Recently, elevated levels of specific lipid species, known as ceramides, were shown to predict cardiometabolic outcomes beyond traditional biomarkers such as cholesterol. Preliminary data showed that physical activity, a potent, low-cost, and patient-empowering means to reduce CMD-related burden, influences ceramide levels. While a single bout of physical exercise increases circulating and muscular ceramide levels, regular exercise reduces ceramide content. Additionally, several ceramide species have been reported to be negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, which is a potent health marker reflecting training level. Thus, regular exercise could optimize cardiometabolic health, partly by reversing altered ceramide profiles. This short review provides an overview of ceramide metabolism and its role in cardiometabolic health and diseases, before presenting the effects of exercise on ceramides in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Carrard
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (J.I.)
| | - Nadia Weber
- Medical School, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sports Science, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Lukas Streese
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
| | - Christian Schmied
- Sports Cardiology Section, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (J.I.)
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
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23
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Bence KK, Birnbaum MJ. Metabolic drivers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2021; 50:101143. [PMID: 33346069 PMCID: PMC8324696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing worldwide parallel to the global obesity epidemic. NAFLD encompasses a range of liver pathologies and most often originates from metabolically driven accumulation of fat in the liver, or non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). In a subset of NAFL patients, the disease can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is a more severe form of liver disease characterized by hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Significant progress has been made over the past decade in our understanding of NASH pathogenesis, but gaps remain in our mechanistic knowledge of the precise metabolic triggers for disease worsening. SCOPE OF REVIEW The transition from NAFL to NASH likely involves a complex constellation of multiple factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the liver. This review focuses on early metabolic events in the establishment of NAFL and initial stages of NASH. We discuss the association of NAFL with obesity as well as the role of adipose tissue in disease progression and highlight early metabolic drivers implicated in the pathological transition from hepatic fat accumulation to steatohepatitis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The close association of NAFL with features of metabolic syndrome highlight plausible mechanistic roles for adipose tissue health and the release of lipotoxic lipids, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and disruption of the intestinal barrier in not only the initial establishment of hepatic steatosis, but also in mediating disease progression. Human genetic variants linked to NASH risk to date are heavily biased toward genes involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, providing compelling support for the hypothesis that NASH is fundamentally a metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra K Bence
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Morris J Birnbaum
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA
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24
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Henderson GC. Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentration as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Metabolic Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082590. [PMID: 34444750 PMCID: PMC8402049 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration is elevated in obesity, insulin resistance (IR), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and related comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, experimentally manipulating plasma FFA in the laboratory setting modulates metabolic markers of these disease processes. In this article, evidence is presented indicating that plasma FFA is a disease risk factor. Elevations of plasma FFA can promote ectopic lipid deposition, IR, as well as vascular and cardiac dysfunction. Typically, elevated plasma FFA results from accelerated adipose tissue lipolysis, caused by a high adipose tissue mass, adrenal hormones, or other physiological stressors. Reducing an individual’s postabsorptive and postprandial plasma FFA concentration is expected to improve health. Lifestyle change could provide a significant opportunity for plasma FFA reduction. Various factors can impact plasma FFA concentration, such as chronic restriction of dietary energy intake and weight loss, as well as exercise, sleep quality and quantity, and cigarette smoking. In this review, consideration is given to multiple factors which lead to plasma FFA elevation and subsequent disruption of metabolic health. From considering a variety of medical conditions and lifestyle factors, it becomes clear that plasma FFA concentration is a modifiable risk factor for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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25
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Nicholson RJ, Poss AM, Maschek JA, Cox JE, Hopkins PN, Hunt SC, Playdon MC, Holland WL, Summers SA. Characterizing a Common CERS2 Polymorphism in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Disease and in Subjects from the Utah CAD Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3098-e3109. [PMID: 33705551 PMCID: PMC8277214 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genome-wide association studies have identified associations between a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs267738) in CERS2, a gene that encodes a (dihydro)ceramide synthase that is involved in the biosynthesis of very-long-chain sphingolipids (eg, C20-C26) and indices of metabolic dysfunction (eg, impaired glucose homeostasis). However, the biological consequences of this mutation on enzyme activity and its causal roles in metabolic disease are unresolved. OBJECTIVE The studies described herein aimed to characterize the effects of rs267738 on CERS2 enzyme activity, sphingolipid profiles, and metabolic outcomes. DESIGN We performed in-depth lipidomic and metabolic characterization of a novel CRISPR knock-in mouse modeling the rs267738 variant. In parallel, we conducted mass spectrometry-based, targeted lipidomics on 567 serum samples collected through the Utah Coronary Artery Disease study, which included 185 patients harboring 1 (n = 163) or both (n = 22) rs267738 alleles. RESULTS In-silico analysis of the amino acid substitution within CERS2 caused by the rs267738 mutation suggested that rs267738 is deleterious for enzyme function. Homozygous knock-in mice had reduced liver CERS2 activity and enhanced diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. However, human serum sphingolipids and a ceramide-based cardiac event risk test 1 score of cardiovascular disease were not significantly affected by rs267738 allele count. CONCLUSIONS The rs267738 SNP leads to a partial loss-of-function of CERS2, which worsened metabolic parameters in knock-in mice. However, rs267738 was insufficient to effect changes in serum sphingolipid profiles in subjects from the Utah Coronary Artery Disease Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J Nicholson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Annelise M Poss
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - J Alan Maschek
- Department of Biochemistry, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mary C Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Division of Cancer Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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26
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Liu Q, Zhang L, Allman EL, Hubbard TD, Murray IA, Hao F, Tian Y, Gui W, Nichols RG, Smith PB, Anitha M, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor activates ceramide biosynthesis in mice contributing to hepatic lipogenesis. Toxicology 2021; 458:152831. [PMID: 34097992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation via 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) induces the accumulation of hepatic lipids. Here we report that AHR activation by TCDF (24 μg/kg body weight given orally for five days) induced significant elevation of hepatic lipids including ceramides in mice, was associated with increased expression of key ceramide biosynthetic genes, and increased activity of their respective enzymes. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and cell-based reporter luciferase assays indicated that AHR directly activated the serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2 (Sptlc2, encodes serine palmitoyltransferase 2 (SPT2)) gene whose product catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. Hepatic ceramide accumulation was further confirmed by mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. Taken together, our results revealed that AHR activation results in the up-regulation of Sptlc2, leading to ceramide accumulation, thus promoting lipogenesis, which can induce hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Erik L Allman
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Troy D Hubbard
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Iain A Murray
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wei Gui
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Robert G Nichols
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mallappa Anitha
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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27
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Henderson GC, Meyer JM. Transient elevation of triacylglycerol content in the liver: a fundamental component of the acute response to exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1293-1303. [PMID: 33475457 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00930.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is well appreciated as a therapeutic approach to improve health. Although chronic exercise training can change metabolism, even a single exercise session can have significant effects upon metabolism. Responses of adipose tissue lipolysis and skeletal muscle triacylglycerol (TAG) utilization have been well appreciated as components of the acute exercise response. However, there are other central components of the physiological response to be considered, as well. A robust and growing body of literature depicts a rapid responsiveness of hepatic TAG content to single bouts of exercise, and there is a remaining need to incorporate this information into our overall understanding of how exercise affects the liver. TAG content in the liver increases during an exercise session and can continue to rise for a few hours afterwards, followed by a fairly rapid return to baseline. Here, we summarize evidence that rapid responsiveness of hepatic TAG content to metabolic stress is a fundamental component of the exercise response. Adipose tissue lipolysis and plasma free fatty acid concentration are likely the major metabolic controllers of enhanced lipid storage in the liver after each exercise bout, and we discuss nutritional impacts as well as health implications. Although traditionally clinicians would be merely concerned with hepatic lipids in overnight-fasted, rested individuals, it is now apparent that the content of hepatic TAG fluctuates in response to metabolic challenges such as exercise, and these responses likely exert significant impacts on health and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliauna M. Meyer
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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28
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Nicholson RJ, Pezzolesi MG, Summers SA. Rotten to the Cortex: Ceramide-Mediated Lipotoxicity in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:622692. [PMID: 33584550 PMCID: PMC7876379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.622692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent and progressive comorbidity of diabetes mellitus that increases one's risk of developing renal failure. Progress toward development of better DKD therapeutics is limited by an incomplete understanding of forces driving and connecting the various features of DKD, which include renal steatosis, fibrosis, and microvascular dysfunction. Herein we review the literature supporting roles for bioactive ceramides as inducers of local and systemic DKD pathology. In rodent models of DKD, renal ceramides are elevated, and genetic and pharmacological ceramide-lowering interventions improve kidney function and ameliorate DKD histopathology. In humans, circulating sphingolipid profiles distinguish human DKD patients from diabetic controls. These studies highlight the potential for ceramide to serve as a central and therapeutically tractable lipid mediator of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J. Nicholson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marcus G. Pezzolesi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Scott A. Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Scott A. Summers,
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