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Liu P, Wang Y, Tian Z, Dong X, Li Z, Chen Y. Global, regional, and national burden of pancreatitis in children and adolescents. United European Gastroenterol J 2024. [PMID: 39360668 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatitis poses a growing public health concern among children and adolescents, yet comprehensive data on its prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) remain scarce. This study aims to analyze global, regional, and national trends in pancreatitis burden over the past 3 decades. METHODS Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database spanning 1990-2019, we assessed pancreatitis prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALYs, reporting on numbers, rates, age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Trends were analyzed by age, sex, region, and socio-demographic index (SDI) using jointpoint analysis and predictive modeling. RESULTS Globally, pancreatitis prevalence and incidence rates have increased (AAPC prevalence = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.11-0.16; AAPC incidence = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.28-0.32), while mortality and DALYs rates have decreased (AAPC mortality = -1.30, 95% CI: -1.53, -1.07; AAPC DALYs = -1.21, 95% CI: -1.41, -1.01). Both genders showed similar trends. Children under 5 and adolescents 15-19 had higher mortality and DALYs rates. Low SDI regions experienced the greatest increase in ASIR. Eastern Europe exhibited high and rising ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR. Projections indicate continued rise in prevalence with declining mortality and DALYs. CONCLUSION Pancreatitis burden in children and adolescents has surged globally, especially in lower SDI regions. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and healthcare resources in affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zongbiao Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohuan Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, China
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Li H, Liu D, Li K, Wang Y, Zhang G, Qi L, Xie K. Pancreatic stellate cells and the interleukin family: Linking fibrosis and immunity to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:159. [PMID: 38994764 PMCID: PMC11258612 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive form of cancer with a low survival rate. A successful treatment strategy should not be limited to targeting cancer cells alone, but should adopt a more comprehensive approach, taking into account other influential factors. These include the extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune microenvironment, both of which are integral components of the tumor microenvironment. The present review describes the roles of pancreatic stellate cells, differentiated cancer‑associated fibroblasts and the interleukin family, either independently or in combination, in the progression of precursor lesions in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and PDAC. These elements contribute to ECM deposition and immunosuppression in PDAC. Therapeutic strategies that integrate interleukin and/or stromal blockade for PDAC immunomodulation and fibrogenesis have yielded inconsistent results. A deeper comprehension of the intricate interplay between fibrosis, and immune responses could pave the way for more effective treatment targets, by elucidating the mechanisms and causes of ECM fibrosis during PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Donglian Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Kaishu Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Gengqiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Ling Qi
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Keping Xie
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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3
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Pan L, Yin N, Duan M, Mei Q, Zeng Y. The role of gut microbiome and its metabolites in pancreatitis. mSystems 2024:e0066524. [PMID: 39212377 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00665-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome plays a vital role in the intestinal ecosystem and has close association with metabolites. Due to the development of metabolomics and microbiomics, recent studies have observed that alteration of either the gut microbiome or metabolites may have effects on the progression of pancreatitis. Several new treatments based on the gut microbiome or metabolites have been studied extensively in recent years. Gut microbes, such as Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus, and metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, vitamin, hydrogen sulfide, and alcohol, have different effects on pancreatitis. Some preliminary studies about new intervention measures were based on the gut microbiome and metabolites such as diet, prebiotic, herbal medicine, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review aims to summarize the recent advances about the gut microbiome, metabolites, and pancreatitis in order to determine the potential beneficial role of the gut microbiome and metabolites in pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nuoming Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyu Duan
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixiang Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hartupee C, Nagalo BM, Chabu CY, Tesfay MZ, Coleman-Barnett J, West JT, Moaven O. Pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment is a major therapeutic barrier and target. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1287459. [PMID: 38361931 PMCID: PMC10867137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1287459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to become the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Limitations in early detection and treatment barriers contribute to the lack of substantial success in the treatment of this challenging-to-treat malignancy. Desmoplasia is the hallmark of PDAC microenvironment that creates a physical and immunologic barrier. Stromal support cells and immunomodulatory cells face aberrant signaling by pancreatic cancer cells that shifts the complex balance of proper repair mechanisms into a state of dysregulation. The product of this dysregulation is the desmoplastic environment that encases the malignant cells leading to a dense, hypoxic environment that promotes further tumorigenesis, provides innate systemic resistance, and suppresses anti-tumor immune invasion. This desmoplastic environment combined with the immunoregulatory events that allow it to persist serve as the primary focus of this review. The physical barrier and immune counterbalance in the tumor microenvironment (TME) make PDAC an immunologically cold tumor. To convert PDAC into an immunologically hot tumor, tumor microenvironment could be considered alongside the tumor cells. We discuss the complex network of microenvironment molecular and cellular composition and explore how they can be targeted to overcome immuno-therapeutic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner Hartupee
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Bolni Marius Nagalo
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, United States
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Chiswili Y. Chabu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mulu Z. Tesfay
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Joycelynn Coleman-Barnett
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - John T. West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Omeed Moaven
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University (LSU) Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Louisiana State University - Louisiana Children's Medical Center (LSU - LCMC) Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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5
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Zhou J, Sun B, Li M, Xu H, Feng Y, Wu X, Guo M, Wang X. Maternal Vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy and lactation induced damaged intestinal structure and intestinal flora homeostasis in offspring mice. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3422-3432. [PMID: 37324834 PMCID: PMC10261753 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The small intestine serves as the first channel of dietary Vitamin A (VA) and the unique organ of VA absorption and metabolism. However, there have not been extensive investigations on the exact mechanisms within VA-related changes in intestinal metabolic disorders. This research is designed to analyze whether and how VA affects intestinal metabolic phenotypes. Male C57BL/6 mice after weaning were randomly fed a VA control diet (VAC) or a VA-deficient diet (VAD) during the entire pregnancy and lactation process. After a total of 11 weeks, cohorts of VA deprived were next fed to a VA control diet (VAD-C) for another 8 weeks. The concentration of retinol was measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography system. The 16S gene sequencing was used to evaluate the intestinal microbiota changes. Through the use of histological staining, western blots, quantitative PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the intestinal morphology, inflammatory factors, and intestinal permeability were all evaluated. Following the decrease of the tissue VA levels, VAD mice show a decrease in tissue VA levels, community differences, and the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota. VAD diet-driven changes occur in intestinal microbiota, accompanied by a higher mRNA expression of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and an increase in intestinal permeability. As dietary VA is reintroduced into VAD diet-fed mice, the tissue VA levels, inflammatory response, and intestinal homeostasis profiles are all restored, which are similar to those found after the occurrence of VA-controlled changes within intestinal microbiota. VA deficiency caused the imbalance of intestinal metabolic phenotypes through a mechanism involving changes in intestinal microbiota. It is thought that intestinal microbiota metabolic influences represent a new salient and additional mechanism, which can be used as a new method to achieve the onset and treatment of the effect of VAD on intestinal homeostasis impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Zhou
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology, Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology, Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Minli Li
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology, Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haoyu Xu
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology, Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology, Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology, Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Meixia Guo
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology, Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Fifth Station Outpatient Department of Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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6
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Su L, He J, Liu Z, Wu S, Chen P, Li K, Fang A. Dietary Total Vitamin A, β-carotene, and Retinol Intake and the Risk of Diabetes in Chinese Adults with Plant-based Diets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e4106-e4114. [PMID: 35868629 PMCID: PMC9757533 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiologic evidence regarding the role of dietary vitamin A in the development of diabetes is limited and inconsistent. This study was to explore the association between vitamin A intake and diabetes risk in Chinese adults. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among 17 111 adults (8537 men and 8577 women) who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey between 1989 and 2015. Dietary intakes were assessed by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Diabetes was determined by self-reported diagnosis, diabetes medication use, or additional criterion in 2009 of fasting blood glucose or hemoglobin A1c. We analyzed the association of vitamin A intake (total, β-carotene, retinol) with diabetes risk using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS A total of 519 men and 531 women developed diabetes during a median of 11 years of follow-up. Higher dietary total vitamin A intakes were associated with a lower risk of diabetes in both men (quintile 5 [Q5] vs Q1: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.49-0.97, P-trend = 0.079) and women (Q5 vs Q1: HR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45-0.89; P-trend = 0.039). An inverse relation with diabetes risk was observed for dietary intakes of β-carotene (Q5 vs Q1: HR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52-0.97) and retinol (Q5 vs Q1: HR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.85) among men, but not women. Dose-response analyses showed the association of dietary intakes of total vitamin A, β-carotene, and retinol with diabetes risk in men was L-shaped (P-nonlinearity = 0.043), reverse J-shaped (P-nonlinearity = 0.001), and linear, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that adequate intake of vitamin A may help protecting against diabetes, especially for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Su
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing He
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shangling Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Peiyan Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Keji Li
- Keji Li, MD, PhD, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.
| | - Aiping Fang
- Correspondence: Aiping Fang, MBBS, PhD, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China.
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7
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Investigating Causal Associations of Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants with the Risk of Digestive System Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153237. [PMID: 35956413 PMCID: PMC9370260 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms and observational studies have found that diet-derived antioxidants are associated with digestive system cancers, whereas there is a lack of causal evidence from randomized clinical trials. In this study, we aimed to assess the causality of these associations through a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of diet-derived circulating antioxidants (i.e., α- and γ-tocopherol, ascorbate, retinol, β-carotene, lycopene, and urate), accessed by absolute levels and relative metabolite concentrations, were used as genetic instruments. Summary statistics for digestive system cancers were obtained from the UK Biobank and FinnGen studies. Two-sample MR analyses were performed in each of the two outcome databases, followed by a meta-analysis. The inverse-variance weighted MR was adopted as the primary analysis. Five additional MR methods (likelihood-based MR, MR-Egger, weighted median, penalized weighted median, and MR-PRESSO) and replicate MR analyses for outcomes from different sources were used as sensitivity analyses. Genetically determined antioxidants were not significantly associated with five digestive system cancers, after correcting for multiple tests. However, we found suggestive evidence that absolute ascorbate levels were negatively associated with colon cancer in UK Biobank-the odds ratio (OR) per unit increase in ascorbate was 0.774 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.608-0.985, p = 0.037), which was consistent with the results in FinnGen, and the combined OR was 0.764 (95% CI 0.623-0.936, p = 0.010). Likewise, higher absolute retinol levels suggestively reduced the pancreatic cancer risk in FinnGen-the OR per 10% unit increase in ln-transformed retinol was 0.705 (95% CI 0.529-0.940, p = 0.017), which was consistent with the results in UK Biobank and the combined OR was 0.747 (95% CI, 0.584-0.955, p = 0.020). Sensitivity analyses verified the above suggestive evidence. Our findings suggest that higher levels of antioxidants are unlikely to be a causal protective factor for most digestive system cancers, except for the suggestive protective effects of ascorbate on colon cancer and of retinol on pancreatic cancer.
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Zhou Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Xu X, Li F, Zhou J, Shan T, Huang R, Cai T, Liu X, Su X, Li H, Ma J. Comparative Evaluation of Chiglitazar and Sitagliptin on the Levels of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Its Correlation With Insulin Resistance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:801271. [PMID: 35547000 PMCID: PMC9081976 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.801271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We evaluated the efficacy and significant changes in the levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with chiglitazar versus sitagliptin. Methods Eighty-one T2DM patients with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 7.5%-10.0% were selected. Based on the study criteria, patients were randomly assigned to receive chiglitazar (32 mg), chiglitazar (48 mg), or sitagliptin (100 mg) orally for 24 weeks. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, lipid profiles, glucose profiles, and serum RBP-4 levels were determined at baseline and at the end of the therapy. Results After treatment for 24 weeks, significant changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (Fins), 2 h-blood glucose (2h-BG), the score values of insulin resistance/insulin secretion/β cell function (HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS, and HOMA-β), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and RBP-4 levels were detected in patients with chiglitazar administration and sitagliptin administration. Changes in RBP-4 levels were positively correlated with changes in HOMA-IR and 2 h-BG in linear regression. Conclusions Chiglitazar showed a greater improvement in parameters of diabetes than sitagliptin, and changes in serum RBP-4 levels were associated with changes in insulin-sensitizing parameters. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, CT.gov identifier: NCT02173457.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengfei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junming Zhou
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Hrabák P, Kalousová M, Krechler T, Zima T. Pancreatic stellate cells - rising stars in pancreatic pathologies. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) receive growing interest in past decades. Two types of PSCs are recognized –vitamin A accumulating quiescent PSCs and activated PSCs- the main producents of extracellular matrix in pancreatic tissue. PSCs plays important role in pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. PSCs are intensively studied as potential therapeutical target because of their important role in developing desmoplastic stroma in pancreatic cancer. There also exists evidence that PSC are involved in other pathologies like type-2 diabetes mellitus. This article brings brief characteristics of PSCs and recent advances in research of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Kalousová
- 2Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
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Association between functional genetic variants in retinoid X receptor-α/γ and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a southern Chinese population. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229913. [PMID: 34633445 PMCID: PMC8529336 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the effect of retinoid X receptor-α/γ (RXR-α/γ) genes functional genetic variants (RXR-α rs4842194 G>A, RXR-γ rs100537 A>G and rs2134095 T>C) on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a case–control study with 573 GDM patients and 740 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance was performed in Guangxi area of China. An odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strengths of the association between genetic variation and GDM. After adjustment of age and pre-BMI, the logistic regression analysis showed that the rs2134095 was significantly associated with GDM risk (CC vs. TT/TC: adjusted OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.56–0.90) in all subjects, and this result remained highly significant after Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing (P=0.004). The stratified analysis showed that rs2134095 was significantly associated with the risk of GDM among age > 30 years (adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39–0.97), BMI > 22 kg/m2 (adjusted OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.30–0.70), systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 120 mmHg (adjusted OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.14–3.36), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 6.5% (adjusted OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.11–1.78), TG ≤ 1.7 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.45–4.53), TC ≤ 5.18 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.13–2.22), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ≤ 1.5 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.16–2.49) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) > 3.12 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.08–2.00) subjects, under the recessive genetic model. We also found that rs2134095 interacted with age (Pinteraction=0.039), pre-BMI (Pinteraction=0.040) and TG (Pinteraction=0.025) influencing individual’s genetic susceptibility to GDM. The rs2134095 T>C is significantly associated with the risk of GDM by effect of a single locus and/or complex joint gene–gene and gene–environment interactions. Larger sample-size and different population studies are required to confirm the findings.
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Chen G. The Interactions of Insulin and Vitamin A Signaling Systems for the Regulation of Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:2160. [PMID: 34440929 PMCID: PMC8393264 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes have become a concern of public health. Nutrition plays a key role in these concerns. Insulin as an anabolic hormonal was discovered exactly 100 years ago due to its activity in controlling blood glucose level. Vitamin A (VA), a lipophilic micronutrient, has been shown to regulate glucose and fat metabolism. VA's physiological roles are mainly mediated by its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), which activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are two transcription factors. The VA status and activations of RARs and RXRs by RA and synthetic agonists have shown to affect the glucose and lipid metabolism in animal models. Both insulin and RA signaling systems regulate the expression levels of genes involved in the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Interactions of insulin and RA signaling systems have been observed. This review is aimed at summarizing the history of diabetes, insulin and VA signaling systems; the effects of VA status and activation of RARs and RXRs on metabolism and RAR and RXR phosphorylation; and possible interactions of insulin and RA in the regulation of hepatic genes for glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, some future research perspectives for understanding of nutrient and hormone interactions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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