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Abo-Samaha MI, Sharaf MM, El Nahas AF, Odemuyiwa SO. Innate immune response to double-stranded RNA in American heritage chicken breeds. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103318. [PMID: 38064884 PMCID: PMC10757028 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Backyard poultry flocks that employ heritage breeds of chicken play a crucial role in the maintenance of poultry pathogens of economic and zoonotic importance. This study examined innate immunity to viral pathogens in heritage chicken breeds using a model of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Following intraperitoneal injection of high molecular weight (HMW) -poly(I:C)/Lyovec into 4-wk-old chicks, we evaluated gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and splenocytes. There was a significant difference across breeds in the expression of IL-4, IL-12p40, IFNγ, and B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in the spleen. In PBMCs, a significant difference in IFN-α expression was seen across breeds. Approximately 57% of IFN-α transcripts in PBMCs was explained by levels of expression of MDA5 transcripts. Using flow cytometry, we showed that only monocytes/macrophages (KUL01+ cells) expressed the scavenger receptor CD163. Regression analysis showed that 42% of fold change in CD163 expression on PBMCs was explained by breed (P < 0.0004). In general, breeds that responded to HMW-poly(I:C) by showing higher upregulation of IFNγ, IL-1β, and IL-12p40 transcripts in the spleen, and higher IFNα transcripts in peripheral blood, expressed less CD163 on blood monocytes. These findings suggest a genetic basis for the response of chickens to double-stranded RNA. Surface expression of the scavenger receptor CD163 in PBMCs following injection of high molecular weight poly(I:C) may be a rapid method to select chickens for breeding based on innate immune response to viral dsRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda I Abo-Samaha
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088; Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Sharaf
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El Nahas
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Solomon O Odemuyiwa
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Halgrain M, Bernardet N, Hennequet-Antier C, Hincke M, Réhault-Godbert S. RNA-seq analysis of the active chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane reveals genes that encode proteins assigned to ion transport and innate immunity. Genomics 2023; 115:110564. [PMID: 36642281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is an extraembryonic membrane that is vital for the embryo. It undergoes profound cell differentiation between 11 and 15 days of embryonic incubation (EID), which corresponds to the acquisition of its physiological functions. To gain insight into the functional genes that accompany these biological changes, RNA sequencing of the CAM at EID11 and EID15 was performed. Results showed that CAM maturation coincides with the overexpression of 4225 genes, including many genes encoding proteins involved in mineral metabolism, innate immunity, homeostasis, angiogenesis, reproduction, and regulation of hypoxia. Of these genes, some exhibit variability in expression depending on the chicken breed (broiler versus layer breeds). Besides the interest of these results for the poultry sector, the identification of new functional gene candidates opens additional research avenues in the field of developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christelle Hennequet-Antier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE bioinformatics facility, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maxwell Hincke
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; LE STUDIUM Research Consortium, Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans-Tours, France
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3
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Lou J, Guo Q, Jiang Y, Chen G, Chang G, Bai H. Effects of the Number of Crested Cushions in Runzhou White-Crested Ducks on Serum Biochemical Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030466. [PMID: 36766355 PMCID: PMC9913149 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of crest cushions in Runzhou white-crested (RWC) ducks. A total of 322 duck eggs were collected for incubation; 286 eggs were fertilized, and 235 RCW ducks were hatched. All the RWC ducks were weighed after 100 days and counted, and the volume of the crest cushion was measured. The number of crest cushions was positively correlated with the body weight, volume of the crest cushion, and distance from the mouth (p < 0.05). The serum Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se contents in the multiple-crest-cushion group were significantly higher (p < 0.05), as were the levels of triglycerides, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin D (p < 0.01). The opposite results were seen for glycosylated low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.01). Propionic acid and acetic acid contents differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.05), as did butyric acid content (p < 0.01), being higher in the multiple-crest-cushion group. Thus, an increase in the number of crest cushions coincided with a change in various serum biochemical indicators. The number of crest cushions might be involved in regulating various mechanisms of RWC ducks and might have an immunoregulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Lou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qixin Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (G.C.); Tel.: +86-18796608824 (H.B.); +86-13665241883 (G.C.)
| | - Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (G.C.); Tel.: +86-18796608824 (H.B.); +86-13665241883 (G.C.)
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Ul-Rahman A, Rabani M, Shabbir MZ. A comparative evaluation of transcriptome changes in lung and spleen tissues of chickens infected with velogenic and mesogenic Avian Orthoavulavirus 1. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105956. [PMID: 36572195 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease is an acute, highly contagious disease responsible for severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Clinical assessment of different pathotypes of AOaV-1 strains is well-elucidated in chickens. However, a paucity of data exists for a comparative assessment of avian innate immune responses in birds after infection with two different pathotypes of AOaV-1. We compared early immune responses in chickens infected with a duck-originated velogenic strain (high virulent: genotype VII) and a pigeon-originated mesogenic stain (moderate virulent; genotype VI). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) identified 4737 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcriptional profiles of lung and spleen tissues of chickens infected with both pathotypes. More DEGs were expressed in spleen tissue infected with velogenic strain compared to spleen or lung exposed to mesogenic strain. An enriched expression was observed for genes involved in metabolic processes and cellular components, including innate immune-associated signaling pathways. Most DEGs were involved in RIG-I, Toll-like, NF-Kappa B, and MAPK signaling pathways to activate interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). This study provided a comparative insight into complicated molecular mechanisms and associated DEGs involved in early immune responses of birds to two different AOaV-1 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ul-Rahman
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Masood Rabani
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
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Fries-Craft K, Lamont SJ, Bobeck EA. Implementing real-time immunometabolic assays and immune cell profiling to evaluate systemic immune response variations to Eimeria challenge in three novel layer genetic lines. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1179198. [PMID: 37143494 PMCID: PMC10153671 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1179198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evaluating differences in immune responses to Eimeria spp. between poultry genetic lines could be valuable for understanding favorable traits to address coccidiosis, a costly poultry disease. The objective was to compare peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immunometabolism and composition during Eimeria challenge in three distinct and highly inbred genetic lines; Leghorn Ghs6, Leghorn Ghs13, and Fayoumi M5.1. Methods At hatch, 180 chicks (60/ line) were placed in wire-floor cages (10 chicks/cage) and fed a commercial diet. Baseline PBMC were isolated on d21 (10 chicks/line) and 25 chicks/line were inoculated with 10X Merck CocciVac®-B52 (Kenilworth, NJ), creating 6 genetic line × Eimeria groups total. Chicks were euthanized on 1, 3, 7, and 10d post-inoculation (pi; 5 chicks/ line × Eimeria group) for PBMC isolation with body weight and feed intake recorded throughout. Immunometabolic assays to determine PBMC ATP production profiles and glycolytic activity were implemented along with flow cytometric immune cell profiling. Genetic line × Eimeria challenge, and line´challenge fixed effects were analyzed using the MIXED procedure (SAS 9.4; P ≤ 0.05). Results and Discussion Before inoculation, M5.1 chicks had 14.4-25.4% greater average daily gain (ADG) with 19.0-63.6% increased monocyte/macrophage+, Bu-1+ B cell, and CD3+ T cell populations compared to both Ghs lines (P < 0.0001) but similar immunometabolic phenotype. The Eimeria main effect reduced ADG by 61.3% from 3-7dpi (P = 0.009) except in M5.1 chicks, where no ADG difference due to challenge was found. At 3dpi, Eimeria-challenged M5.1 chicks had 28.9 and 33.2% reduced PBMC CD3+ T cells and CD3+CD8α+ cytotoxic T cells than unchallenged chicks, suggesting early and preferential recruitment from systemic circulation to tissues local to Eimeria challenge (i.e., intestine; P ≤ 0.01). Both Ghs lines displayed 46.4-49.8% T cell reductions at 10dpi with 16.5-58.9% recruitment favoring underlying CD3+CD4+ helper T cells. Immunometabolic responses in Eimeria-challenged Ghs6 and Ghs13 chicks were characterized by a 24.0-31.8% greater proportion of ATP from glycolysis compared to unchallenged counterparts at 10dpi (P = 0.04). These results suggest that variable T cell subtype recruitment timelines in addition to altered systemic immunometabolic requirements may work synergistically to determine favorable immune responses to Eimeria challenge.
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Jiang B, Wang J, Cao M, Jin H, Liu W, Cheng J, Zhou L, Xu J, Li Y. Differential Replication and Cytokine Response between Vaccine and Very Virulent Marek's Disease Viruses in Spleens and Bursas during Latency and Reactivation. Viruses 2022; 15:6. [PMID: 36680047 PMCID: PMC9864003 DOI: 10.3390/v15010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection results in Marek's disease (MD) in chickens, a lymphoproliferative and oncogenic deadly disease, leading to severe economic losses. The spleen and bursa are the most important lymphoid and major target organs for MDV replication. The immune response elicited by MDV replication in the spleen and bursa is critical for the formation of latent MDV infection and reactivation. However, the mechanism of the host immune response induced by MDV in these key lymphoid organs during the latent and reactivation infection phases is not well understood. In the study, we focused on the replication dynamics of a vaccine MDV strain MDV/CVI988 and a very virulent MDV strain MDV/RB1B in the spleen and bursa in the latent and reactivation infection phases (7-28 days post-inoculation [dpi]), as well as the expression of some previously characterized immune-related molecules. The results showed that the replication ability of MDV/RB1B was significantly stronger than that of MDV/CVI988 within 28 days post-infection, and the replication levels of both MDV strains in the spleen were significantly higher than those in the bursa. During the latent and reactivation phase of MDV infection (7-28 dpi), the transcriptional upregulation of chicken IL-1β, IL6, IL-8L1 IFN-γ and PML in the spleen and bursa induced by MDV/RB1B infection was overall stronger than that of MDV/CVI988. However, compared to MDV/RB1Binfection, MDV/CVI988 infection resulted in a more effective transcriptional activation of CCL4 in the latent infection phase (7-14 dpi), which may be a characteristic distinguishing MDV vaccine strain from the very virulent strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengyao Cao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huan Jin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wenxiao Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Linyi Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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The Genetic Stability, Replication Kinetics and Cytopathogenicity of Recombinant Avian Coronaviruses with a T16A or an A26F Mutation within the E Protein Is Cell-Type Dependent. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081784. [PMID: 36016406 PMCID: PMC9415719 DOI: 10.3390/v14081784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The envelope (E) protein of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a small-membrane protein present in two forms during infection: a monomer and a pentameric ion channel. Each form has an independent role during replication; the monomer disrupts the secretory pathway, and the pentamer facilitates virion production. The presence of a T16A or A26F mutation within E exclusively generates the pentameric or monomeric form, respectively. We generated two recombinant IBVs (rIBVs) based on the apathogenic molecular clone Beau-R, containing either a T16A or A26F mutation, denoted as BeauR-T16A and BeauR-A26F. The replication and genetic stability of the rIBVs were assessed in several different cell types, including primary and continuous cells, ex vivo tracheal organ cultures (TOCs) and in ovo. Different replication profiles were observed between cell cultures of different origins. BeauR-A26F replicated to a lower level than Beau-R in Vero cells and in ovo but not in DF1, primary chicken kidney (CK) cells or TOCs. Genetic stability and cytopathic effects were found to differ depending on the cell system. The effect of the T16A and A26F mutations appear to be cell-type dependent, which, therefore, highlights the importance of cell type in the investigation of the IBV E protein.
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Intense Innate Immune Responses and Severe Metabolic Disorders in Chicken Embryonic Visceral Tissues Caused by Infection with Highly Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Compared to the Avirulent Virus: A Bioinformatics Analysis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050911. [PMID: 35632651 PMCID: PMC9145607 DOI: 10.3390/v14050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates typically result in severe systemic pathological changes and high mortality in Newcastle disease (ND) illness, whereas avirulent or low-virulence NDV strains can cause subclinical disease with no morbidity and even asymptomatic infections in birds. However, understanding the host’s innate immune responses to infection with either a highly virulent strain or an avirulent strain, and how this response may contribute to severe pathological damages and even mortality upon infection with the highly virulent strain, remain limited. Therefore, the differences in epigenetic and pathogenesis mechanisms between the highly virulent and avirulent strains were explored, by transcriptional profiling of chicken embryonic visceral tissues (CEVT), infected with either the highly virulent NA-1 strain or the avirulent vaccine LaSota strain using RNA-seq. In our current paper, severe systemic pathological changes and high mortality were only observed in chicken embryos infected with the highly virulent NA-1 strains, although the propagation of viruses exhibited no differences between NA-1 and LaSota. Furthermore, virulent NA-1 infection caused intense innate immune responses and severe metabolic disorders in chicken EVT at 36 h post-infection (hpi), instead of 24 hpi, based on the bioinformatics analysis results for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NA-1 and LaSota groups. Notably, an acute hyperinflammatory response, characterized by upregulated inflammatory cytokines, an uncontrolled host immune defense with dysregulated innate immune response-related signaling pathways, as well as severe metabolic disorders with the reorganization of host–cell metabolism were involved in the host defense response to the CEVT infected with the highly virulent NA-1 strain compared to the avirulent vaccine LaSota strain. Taken together, these results indicate that not only the host’s uncontrolled immune response itself, but also the metabolic disorders with viruses hijacking host cell metabolism, may contribute to the pathogenesis of the highly virulent strain in ovo.
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Nie F, Zhang J, Li M, Chang X, Duan H, Li H, Zhou J, Ji Y, Guo L. Transcriptome analysis of thymic tissues from Chinese Partridge Shank chickens with or without Newcastle disease virus LaSota vaccine injection via high-throughput RNA sequencing. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9131-9144. [PMID: 35403571 PMCID: PMC9161911 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Furong Nie
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Li
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuanniu Chang
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haitao Duan
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoyan Li
- Henan Chenxia Biomedical Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yudan Ji
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangxing Guo
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
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Feng H, Shang Y, Li L, Sun X, Fan S, Ren X, Xu Y, Zeng Z, Hu X, Cheng G, Wen G. Fusion Protein Cleavage Site Containing Three Basic Amino Acids Attenuates Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken Embryos: Use as an in ovo Vaccine. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:812289. [PMID: 35387070 PMCID: PMC8978892 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.812289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In ovo vaccination is an attractive immunization strategy for the poultry industry. However, although most live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strains, such as LaSota and V4, can be used after hatching, they are pathogenic to chicken embryos when administered in ovo. We have previously reported that NDV strain TS09-C is a safe in ovo vaccine in specific-pathogen-free and commercial chicken embryos because it is attenuated in chicken embryos. However, the molecular basis of its attenuation is poorly understood. In this study, we firstly evaluated the safety of chimeric NDV strains after exchanging genes between strains TS09-C and LaSota as in ovo vaccines, and demonstrated that the attenuation of NDV in chicken embryos was dependent upon the origin of the fusion (F) protein. Next, by comparing the F protein sequences of TS09-C strain with those of LaSota and V4 strain, the R115 in cleavage site and F379 were found to be unique to TS09-C strain. The mutant viruses were generated by substituting one or two amino acids at position 115 and 379 in the F protein, and their safety as in ovo vaccine was evaluated. Mutation in residue 379 did not affect the viral embryonic pathogenicity. While the mutant virus rTS-2B (R115G mutation based on the backbone of TS09-C strain) with two basic amino acids in F cleavage site, was pathogenic to chicken embryos and similar with rLaSota in its tissue tropism, differing markedly from rTS09-C with three basic amino acids in F cleavage site. Together, these findings indicate that the F protein cleavage site containing three basic amino acids is the crucial determinant of the attenuation of TS09-C in chicken embryos. This study extends our understanding of the pathogenicity of NDV in chicken embryos and should expedite the development of in ovo vaccines against NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Feng
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuxiu Sun
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanling Fan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangfei Ren
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Wuhan, China
| | - Xingxing Hu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Wuhan, China
| | - Guofu Cheng
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Wuhan, China
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11
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Indicators of the molecular pathogenesis of virulent Newcastle disease virus in chickens revealed by transcriptomic profiling of spleen. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17570. [PMID: 34475461 PMCID: PMC8413450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96929-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has caused significant outbreaks in South-East Asia, particularly in Indonesia in recent years. Recently emerged genotype VII NDVs (NDV-GVII) have shifted their tropism from gastrointestinal/respiratory tropism to a lymphotropic virus, invading lymphoid organs including spleen and bursa of Fabricius to cause profound lymphoid depletion. In this study, we aimed to identify candidate genes and biological pathways that contribute to the disease caused by this velogenic NDV-GVII. A transcriptomic analysis based on RNA-Seq of spleen was performed in chickens challenged with NDV-GVII and a control group. In total, 6361 genes were differentially expressed that included 3506 up-regulated genes and 2855 down-regulated genes. Real-Time PCR of ten selected genes validated the RNA-Seq results as the correlation between them is 0.98. Functional and network analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) showed altered regulation of ElF2 signalling, mTOR signalling, proliferation of cells of the lymphoid system, signalling by Rho family GTPases and synaptogenesis signalling in spleen. We have also identified modified expression of IFIT5, PI3K, AGT and PLP1 genes in NDV-GVII infected chickens. Our findings in activation of autophagy-mediated cell death, lymphotropic and synaptogenesis signalling pathways provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of this newly emerged NDV-GVII.
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Clemmons EA, Alfson KJ, Dutton JW. Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2039. [PMID: 34359167 PMCID: PMC8300273 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals provide food and other critical resources to most of the global population. As such, diseases of animals can cause dire consequences, especially disease with high rates of morbidity or mortality. Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious or transmissible, epidemic diseases, with the potential to spread rapidly across the globe and the potential to cause substantial socioeconomic and public health consequences. Transboundary animal diseases can threaten the global food supply, reduce the availability of non-food animal products, or cause the loss of human productivity or life. Further, TADs result in socioeconomic consequences from costs of control or preventative measures, and from trade restrictions. A greater understanding of the transmission, spread, and pathogenesis of these diseases is required. Further work is also needed to improve the efficacy and cost of both diagnostics and vaccines. This review aims to give a broad overview of 17 TADs, providing researchers and veterinarians with a current, succinct resource of salient details regarding these significant diseases. For each disease, we provide a synopsis of the disease and its status, species and geographic areas affected, a summary of in vitro or in vivo research models, and when available, information regarding prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
| | - Kendra J. Alfson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - John W. Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
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Lu M, Panebra A, Kim WH, Lillehoj HS. Characterization of immunological properties of chicken chemokine CC motif ligand 5 using new monoclonal antibodies. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:104023. [PMID: 33497732 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CCL5 (formerly RANTES) belongs to the CC (or β) chemokine family and is associated with a plethora of inflammatory disorders and pathologic states. CCL5 is mainly produced and secreted by T cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts and acts as a chemoattractant to recruit effector cells to the inflammation sites. Chicken CCL5 (chCCL5) protein is closely related to avian CCL5 orthologs but distinct from mammalian orthologs, and its modulatory roles in the immune response are largely unknown. The present work was undertaken to characterize the immunological properties of chCCL5 using the new sets of anti-chCCL5 mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Eight different mAbs (6E11, 6H1, 8H11, 11G1, 11G11, 12H1, 13D1, and 13G3) were characterized for their specificity and binding ability toward chCCL5. Two (13G3 and 6E11) of them were selected to detect native chCCL5 in chCCL5-specific antigen-capture ELISA. Using 13G3 and 6E11 as capture and detection antibodies, respectively, the ELISA system detected serum chCCL5 secretions in Clostridium perfringens- and Eimeria-infected chickens. The intracellular expressions of chCCL5 in primary cells or cell lines derived from chickens were validated in immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry assays using both 13G3 and 6E11 mAbs. Furthermore, 6E11, but not 13G3, neutralized chCCL5-induced chemotaxis in vitro using chicken PBMCs. These molecular characteristics of chCCL5 demonstrate the potential application of anti-chCCL5 mAbs and CCL5-specific antigen-capture detection ELISA for detecting native chCCL5 in biological samples. The availability of these new immunological tools will be valuable for fundamental and applied studies in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Lu
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Alfredo Panebra
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Woo H Kim
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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14
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Thymic transcriptome analysis after Newcastle disease virus inoculation in chickens and the influence of host small RNAs on NDV replication. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10270. [PMID: 33986327 PMCID: PMC8119446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a contagious viral disease affecting various birds and poultry worldwide. In this project, differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were identified by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in chicken thymus at 24, 48, 72 or 96 h post LaSota NDV vaccine injection versus pre-inoculation group. The vital terms or pathways enriched by vaccine-influenced genes were tested through KEGG and GO analysis. DE genes implicated in innate immunity were preliminarily screened out through GO, InnateDB and Reactome Pathway databases. The interaction networks of DE innate immune genes were established by STRING website. Considering the high expression of gga-miR-6631-5p across all the four time points, DE circRNAs or mRNAs with the possibility to bind to gga-miR-6631-5p were screened out. Among DE genes that had the probability to interact with gga-miR-6631-5p, 7 genes were found to be related to innate immunity. Furthermore, gga-miR-6631-5p promoted LaSota NDV replication by targeting insulin induced gene 1 (INSIG1) in DF-1 chicken fibroblast cells. Taken together, our data provided the comprehensive information about molecular responses to NDV LaSota vaccine in Chinese Partridge Shank Chickens and elucidated the vital roles of gga-miR-6631-5p/INSIG1 axis in LaSota NDV replication.
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15
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Chu PY, Koh APF, Antony J, Huang RYJ. Applications of the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane as an Alternative Model for Cancer Studies. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:222-237. [PMID: 33780951 DOI: 10.1159/000513039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of in vivo experimental models have been established for the studies of human cancer using both cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). In order to meet the aspiration of precision medicine, the in vivomurine models have been widely adopted. However, common constraints such as high cost, long duration of experiments, and low engraftment efficiency remained to be resolved. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is an alternative model to overcome some of these limitations. Here, we provide an overview of the applications of the chick CAM model in the study of oncology. The CAM model has shown significant retention of tumor heterogeneity alongside increased xenograft take rates in several PDX studies. Various imaging techniques and data analysis have been applied to study tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapeutic response to novel agents. Lastly, to practically illustrate the feasibility of utilizing the CAM model, we summarize the general protocol used in a case study utilizing an ovarian cancer PDX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Angele Pei-Fern Koh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jane Antony
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Towards Improved Use of Vaccination in the Control of Infectious Bronchitis and Newcastle Disease in Poultry: Understanding the Immunological Mechanisms. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010020. [PMID: 33406695 PMCID: PMC7823560 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two important diseases of poultry and have remained a threat to the development of the poultry industry in many parts of the world. The immunology of avian has been well studied and numerous vaccines have been developed against the two viruses. Most of these vaccines are either inactivated vaccines or live attenuated vaccines. Inactivated vaccines induce weak cellular immune responses and require priming with live or other types of vaccines. Advanced technology has been used to produce several types of vaccines that can initiate prime immune responses. However, as a result of rapid genetic variations, the control of these two viral infections through vaccination has remained a challenge. Using various strategies such as combination of live attenuated and inactivated vaccines, development of IB/ND vaccines, use of DNA vaccines and transgenic plant vaccines, the problem is being surmounted. It is hoped that with increasing understanding of the immunological mechanisms in birds that are used in fighting these viruses, a more successful control of the diseases will be achieved. This will go a long way in contributing to global food security and the economic development of many developing countries, given the role of poultry in the attainment of these goals.
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17
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Jadhav A, Zhao L, Liu W, Ding C, Nair V, Ramos-Onsins SE, Ferretti L. Genomic Diversity and Evolution of Quasispecies in Newcastle Disease Virus Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111305. [PMID: 33202558 PMCID: PMC7698180 DOI: 10.3390/v12111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections are well known to harbour quasispecies, due to the error-prone nature of the RNA polymerase. Quasispecies variants in the fusion cleavage site of the virus are known to significantly change its virulence. However, little is known about the genomic patterns of diversity and selection in NDV viral swarms. We analyse deep sequencing data from in vitro and in vivo NDV infections to uncover the genomic patterns of diversity and the signatures of selection within NDV swarms. Variants in viruses from in vitro samples are mostly localised in non-coding regions and 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs or 5′UTRs), while in vivo samples contain an order of magnitude more variants. We find different patterns of genomic divergence and diversity among NDV genotypes, as well as differences in the genomic distribution of intra-host variants among in vitro and in vivo infections of the same strain. The frequency spectrum shows clear signatures of intra-host purifying selection in vivo on the matrix protein (M) coding gene and positive or diversifying selection on nucleocapsid (NP) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN). The comparison between within-host polymorphisms and phylogenetic divergence reveals complex patterns of selective pressure on the NDV genome at between- and within-host level. The M sequence is strongly constrained both between and within hosts, fusion protein (F) coding gene is under intra-host positive selection, and NP and HN show contrasting patterns: HN RNA sequence is positively selected between hosts while its protein sequence is positively selected within hosts, and NP is under intra-host positive selection at the RNA level and negative selection at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Jadhav
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK; (A.J.); (V.N.)
| | - Lele Zhao
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK; (A.J.); (V.N.)
- UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, UK
| | - Sebastian E. Ramos-Onsins
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.E.R.-O.); (L.F.)
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.E.R.-O.); (L.F.)
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18
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Hassanin O, Abdallah F, A A Galal A. In vitro and in vivo experimental trials to assess the modulatory influence of β-caryophyllene on NDV replication and immunopathogenesis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101547. [PMID: 32919182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A trial was conducted to evaluate the antiviral activity and immunomodulatory effect of B-Caryophyllene (BCP) using NDV as a viral model. First, an in ovo experiment was conducted to estimate the antiviral mechanism of BCP. Next, an in vivo experiment was designed to confirm its antiviral efficacy as well as its immunomodulatory and growth promoting ability. According to the in ovo experiment, BCP possesses antiviral influence up to 61.7% when treated before or during NDV infection. Oral supplementation of chickens with two doses of BCP (200 and 400 μg/bird) resulted in a significant increase in the NDV HI-Ab responses and a significant increase in interferon-α signaling cytokines. These obvious immunomodulatory effects improved the bird clinical protection against virulent NDV challenge. To conclude, we introduced a new compound for the poultry industry sector that has antiviral and immunostimulant properties when supplemented orally before or during NDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hassanin
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Abdallah
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Azza A A Galal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
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19
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Inhibitory Effects of Lentogenic Newcastle Disease Virus on Cell Survival and Immune Function in Spleen of Commercial Layer Chicks. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091003. [PMID: 32859030 PMCID: PMC7565929 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major infectious disease in chickens, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes considerable economic losses in the poultry industry, especially in developing countries where there is limited access to effective vaccination. Therefore, enhancing resistance to the virus in commercial chickens through breeding is a promising way to promote poultry production. In this study, we investigated gene expression changes at 2 and 6 days post inoculation (dpi) at day 21 with a lentogenic NDV in a commercial egg-laying chicken hybrid using RNA sequencing analysis. By comparing NDV-challenged and non-challenged groups, 526 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05) were identified at 2 dpi, and only 36 at 6 dpi. For the DEGs at 2 dpi, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted inhibition of multiple signaling pathways in response to NDV that regulate immune cell development and activity, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis. Up-regulation of interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (IFIT5) in response to NDV was consistent between the current and most previous studies. Sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 1 (SPRY1), a DEG in the current study, is in a significant quantitative trait locus associated with virus load at 6 dpi in the same population. These identified pathways and DEGs provide potential targets to further study breeding strategy to enhance NDV resistance in chickens.
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20
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Benzarti E, Rivas J, Sarlet M, Franssen M, Moula N, Savini G, Lorusso A, Desmecht D, Garigliany MM. Usutu Virus Infection of Embryonated Chicken Eggs and a Chicken Embryo-Derived Primary Cell Line. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050531. [PMID: 32408481 PMCID: PMC7291025 DOI: 10.3390/v12050531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, closely related to the West Nile virus (WNV). Similar to WNV, USUV may cause infections in humans, with occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications. Further, USUV can be highly pathogenic in wild and captive birds and its circulation in Europe has given rise to substantial avian death. Adequate study models of this virus are still lacking but are critically needed to understand its pathogenesis and virulence spectrum. The chicken embryo is a low-cost, easy-to-manipulate and ethically acceptable model that closely reflects mammalian fetal development and allows immune response investigations, drug screening, and high-throughput virus production for vaccine development. While former studies suggested that this model was refractory to USUV infection, we unexpectedly found that high doses of four phylogenetically distinct USUV strains caused embryonic lethality. By employing immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated that USUV was widely distributed in embryonic tissues, including the brain, retina, and feather follicles. We then successfully developed a primary cell line from the chorioallantoic membrane that was permissive to the virus without the need for viral adaptation. We believe the future use of these models would foster a significant understanding of USUV-induced neuropathogenesis and immune response and allow the future development of drugs and vaccines against USUV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Benzarti
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.D.)
| | - José Rivas
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Michaël Sarlet
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Mathieu Franssen
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Nassim Moula
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Giovanni Savini
- OIE Reference Centre for West Nile Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale “G. Caporale”, 46100 Teramo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- OIE Reference Centre for West Nile Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale “G. Caporale”, 46100 Teramo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Doostmohammadian F, Shomali T, Mosleh N, Mohammadi M. In Ovo evaluation of antiviral effects of aqueous garlic ( Allium sativum) extract against a velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2020.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The antiviral property of aqueous garlic extract against a virulent velogenic field isolate of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was investigated in a time of addition assay in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Methods: The ECEs were inoculated with the lowest concentration of the virus with HA (haemagglutination) positive activity. After determination of extract toxicity in ECEs, administration of different concentrations of the extract (0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg/mL) or ribavirin (comparative control) was performed 8 hours before (pretreatment), simultaneously (cotreatment) or 8 hours after (post treatment) virus injection. Allantoic fluids were harvested for infectivity determination, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and viral load (HA titer) assay. In vitro HA blocking activity test was also performed. Results: Allicin content of the extract was 16.6% by HPLC method. The best viability results were related to the extract in pretreatment and ribavirin in co-treatment trials (p<0.05 as compared to infected ECEs with no treatment). Pre and co-treatment assays showed better results on HA titer of garlic treated groups. In infectivity assay, the 50% embryo lethal dose (ELD50) values of NDV were roughly 500 and 50 folds of ELD50 of the untreated virus in pre and co-treatment, respectively. No change was observed in viral shapes in TEM analysis nor HA blocking activity in vitro. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of garlic shows antiviral effects against a velogenic strain of NDV in ovo accompanied by a reduction in virus infectivity and titer. These effects are most pronounced in pretreatment trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Doostmohammadian
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahoora Shomali
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Mosleh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Del Vesco AP, Kaiser MG, Monson MS, Zhou H, Lamont SJ. Genetic responses of inbred chicken lines illustrate importance of eIF2 family and immune-related genes in resistance to Newcastle disease virus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6155. [PMID: 32273535 PMCID: PMC7145804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) replication depends on the translation machinery of the host cell; therefore, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) gene family is a likely candidate for control of viral replication. We hypothesized that differential expression of host genes related to translation and innate immune response could contribute to differential resistance to NDV in inbred Fayoumi and Leghorn lines. The expression of twenty-one genes related to the interferon signaling pathway and the eIF2 family was evaluated at two- and six-days post infection (dpi) in the spleen from both lines, either challenged by NDV or nonchallenged. Higher expression of OASL in NDV challenged versus nonchallenged spleen was observed in Leghorns at 2 dpi. Lower expression of EIF2B5 was found in NDV challenged than nonchallenged Fayoumis and Leghorns at 2 dpi. At 2 dpi, NDV challenged Fayoumis had lower expression of EIF2B5 and EIF2S3 than NDV challenged Leghorns. At 6 dpi, NDV challenged Fayoumis had lower expression of EIF2S3 and EIF2B4 than NDV challenged Leghorns. The genetic line differences in expression of eIF2-related genes may contribute to their differential resistance to NDV and also to understanding the interaction between protein synthesis shut-off and virus control in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Del Vesco
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Michael G Kaiser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Melissa S Monson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Jin H, Kong Z, Mehboob A, Jiang B, Xu J, Cai Y, Liu W, Hong J, Li Y. Transcriptional Profiles Associated with Marek's Disease Virus in Bursa and Spleen Lymphocytes Reveal Contrasting Immune Responses during Early Cytolytic Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030354. [PMID: 32210095 PMCID: PMC7150966 DOI: 10.3390/v12030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV), an alpha herpes virus, causes a lymphoproliferative state in chickens known as Marek's disease (MD), resulting in severe monetary losses to the poultry industry. Because lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricius and spleen are prime targets of MDV replication during the early cytolytic phase of infection, the immune response in bursa and spleen should be the foundation of late immunity induced by MDV. However, the mechanism of the MDV-mediated host immune response in lymphocytes in the early stage is poorly understood. The present study is primarily aimed at identifying the crucial genes and significant pathways involved in the immune response of chickens infected with MDV CVI988 and the very virulent RB1B (vvRB1B) strains. Using the RNA sequencing approach, we analyzed the generated transcriptomes from lymphocytes isolated from chicken bursa and spleen. Our findings validated the expression of previously characterized genes; however, they also revealed the expression of novel genes during the MDV-mediated immune response. The results showed that after challenge with CVI988 or vvRB1B strains, 634 and 313 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in splenic lymphocytes, respectively. However, 58 and 47 DEGs were observed in bursal lymphocytes infected with CVI988 and vvRB1B strains, respectively. Following MDV CVI988 or vvRB1B challenge, the bursal lymphocytes displayed changes in IL-6 and IL-4 gene expression. Surprisingly, splenic lymphocytes exhibited an overwhelming alteration in the expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors involved in immune response signaling. On the other hand, there was no distinct trend between infection with CVI988 and vvRB1B and the expression of cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-10, IFN-γ, STAT1, IRF1, CCL19, and CCL26. However, the expression profiles of IL-1β, IL-6, IL8L1, CCL4 (GGCL1), and CCL5 were significantly upregulated in splenic lymphocytes from chickens infected with CVI988 compared with those of chickens infected with vvRB1B. Because these cytokines and chemokines are considered to be associated with B cell activation and antigenic signal transduction to T cells, they may indicate differences of immune responses initiated by vaccinal and virulent strains during the early phase of infection. Collectively, our study provides valuable data on the transcriptional landscape using high-throughput sequencing to understand the different mechanism between vaccine-mediated protection and pathogenesis of virulent MDV in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jin
- Research Center for Infectious Disease in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.); (B.J.); (J.X.); (Y.C.); (W.L.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zimeng Kong
- Research Center for Infectious Disease in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.); (B.J.); (J.X.); (Y.C.); (W.L.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Arslan Mehboob
- Research Center for Infectious Disease in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.); (B.J.); (J.X.); (Y.C.); (W.L.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Research Center for Infectious Disease in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.); (B.J.); (J.X.); (Y.C.); (W.L.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Research Center for Infectious Disease in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.); (B.J.); (J.X.); (Y.C.); (W.L.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yunhong Cai
- Research Center for Infectious Disease in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.); (B.J.); (J.X.); (Y.C.); (W.L.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wenxiao Liu
- Research Center for Infectious Disease in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.); (B.J.); (J.X.); (Y.C.); (W.L.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiabing Hong
- Research Center for Infectious Disease in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.); (B.J.); (J.X.); (Y.C.); (W.L.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Research Center for Infectious Disease in Livestock and Poultry, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.); (B.J.); (J.X.); (Y.C.); (W.L.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-51503195
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24
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Deist MS, Gallardo RA, Dekkers JCM, Zhou H, Lamont SJ. Novel Combined Tissue Transcriptome Analysis After Lentogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Challenge in Inbred Chicken Lines of Differential Resistance. Front Genet 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 32117434 PMCID: PMC7013128 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease has large negative impacts on poultry production. A more comprehensive understanding of host-pathogen interaction can lead to new and improved strategies to maintain health. In particular, host genetic factors can lead to a more effective response to pathogens, hereafter termed resistance. Fayoumi and Leghorn chicken lines have demonstrated relative resistance and susceptibility, respectively, to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strain and many other pathogens. This biological model was used to better understand the host response to a vaccine strain of NDV across three tissues and time points, using RNA-seq. Analyzing the Harderian gland, trachea, and lung tissues together using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified important genes that were co-expressed and associated with parameters including: genetic line, days post-infection (dpi), challenge status, sex, and tissue. Pathways and driver genes, such as EIF2AK2, MPEG1, and TNFSF13B, associated with challenge status, dpi, and genetic line were of particular interest as candidates for disease resistance. Overall, by jointly analyzing the three tissues, this study identified genes and gene networks that led to a more comprehensive understanding of the whole animal response to lentogenic NDV than that obtained by analyzing the tissues individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Deist
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rodrigo A Gallardo
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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25
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Alkie TN, Yitbarek A, Hodgins DC, Kulkarni RR, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Sharif S. Development of innate immunity in chicken embryos and newly hatched chicks: a disease control perspective. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:288-310. [PMID: 31063007 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1607966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Newly hatched chickens are confronted by a wide array of pathogenic microbes because their adaptive immune defences have limited capabilities to control these pathogens. In such circumstances, and within this age group, innate responses provide a degree of protection. Moreover, as the adaptive immune system is relatively naïve to foreign antigens, synergy with innate defences is critical. This review presents knowledge on the ontogeny of innate immunity in chickens pre-hatch and early post-hatch and provides insights into possible interventions to modulate innate responses early in the life of the bird. As in other vertebrate species, the chicken innate immune system which include cellular mediators, cytokine and chemokine repertoires and molecules involved in antigen detection, develop early in life. Comparison of innate immune systems in newly hatched chickens and mature birds has revealed differences in magnitude and quality, but responses in younger chickens can be boosted using innate immune system modulators. Functional expression of pattern recognition receptors and several defence molecules by innate immune system cells of embryos and newly hatched chicks suggests that innate responses can be modulated at this stage of development to combat pathogens. Improved understanding of innate immune system ontogeny and functionality in chickens is critical for the implementation of sound and safe interventions to provide long-term protection against pathogens. Next-generation tools for studying genetic and epigenetic regulation of genes, functional metagenomics and gene knockouts can be used in the future to explore and dissect the contributions of signalling pathways of innate immunity and to devise more efficacious disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiru N Alkie
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
| | - Douglas C Hodgins
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada.,b Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef , Egypt
| | - Shayan Sharif
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
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26
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Gupta A, Deka P, Kumar S. Resiquimod inhibits Newcastle disease virus replication by modulating host cytokines: An understanding towards its possible therapeutics. Cytokine 2019; 125:154811. [PMID: 31446178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects domestic and wild avian species with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although this disease is mainly controlled through NDV vaccines, alternative use of antiviral compounds is increasingly under study. Resiquimod (R-848), an imidazoquinoline compound is a potent synthetic agonist of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). Until now reports regarding the adjuvant potential of resiquimod is well established against human viruses but has been less explored against avian viruses. In the present study, we have analysed the anti-NDV effect of resiquimod in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (DF-1) and embryonated chicken eggs. About 70% reduction in NDV replication was observed 48 h and 72 h post-resiquimod treatment in DF-1 cells. Furthermore, differential host genes expression was observed in resiquimod treated DF-1 cells, PBMCs, and tissue sample of chicken embryos at a different time point. Among all the analyzed genes, significant up-regulation of viperin, IFNα, IFNγ, IL-1β, TNFα, IL18 were observed in its transcriptional level. Furthermore, resiquimod treatment showed NDV reduction in two weeks old chickens. About 61% and 38% reduction in NDV replication was observed 72 h post-infection in lungs and spleen, respectively. The study suggests the modulation of host innate immunity regulatory genes by resiquimod, which eventually modulates the NDV replication. The result of the study could be explored further to establish resiquimod as an alternative antiviral compound against NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Pankaj Deka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam 781022, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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27
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Fu CZ, Guang XM, Wan QH, Fang SG. Genome Resequencing Reveals Congenital Causes of Embryo and Nestling Death in Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon). Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:2125-2135. [PMID: 31298688 PMCID: PMC6685491 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) is endangered worldwide. Although a series of conservation measures have markedly increased the population size and distribution area of these birds, the high mortality of embryos and nestlings considerably decreases the survival potential of this bird species. High-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to compare whole genomes between ten samples from dead crested ibises (including six dead embryos and four dead nestlings aged 0-45 days) and 32 samples from living birds. The results indicated that the dead samples all shared the genetic background of a specific ancestral subpopulation. Furthermore, the dead individuals were less genetically diverse and suffered higher degrees of inbreeding compared with these measures in live birds. Several candidate genes (KLHL3, SETDB2, TNNT2, PKP1, AK1, and EXOSC3) associated with detrimental diseases were identified in the genomic regions that differed between the alive and dead samples, which are likely responsible for the death of embryos and nestlings. In addition, in these regions, we also found several genes involved in the protein catabolic process (UBE4A and LONP1), lipid metabolism (ACOT1), glycan biosynthesis and metabolism (HYAL1 and HYAL4), and the immune system (JAM2) that are likely to promote the normal development of embryos and nestlings. The aberrant conditions of these genes and biological processes may contribute to the death of embryos and nestlings. Our data identify congenital factors underlying the death of embryos and nestlings at the whole genome level, which may be useful toward informing more effective conservation efforts for this bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Zheng Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Min Guang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Guo Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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28
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Schilling MA, Memari S, Cattadori IM, Katani R, Muhairwa AP, Buza JJ, Kapur V. Innate Immune Genes Associated With Newcastle Disease Virus Load in Chick Embryos From Inbred and Outbred Lines. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1432. [PMID: 31281305 PMCID: PMC6596324 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes substantial economic losses to smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries with high levels of morbidity and mortality in poultry flocks. Previous investigations have suggested differing levels of susceptibility to NDV between specific inbred lines and amongst breeds of chickens, however, the mechanisms contributing to this remain poorly understood. Studies have shown that some of these differences in levels of susceptibility to NDV infection may be accounted for by variability in the innate immune response amongst various breeds of poultry to NDV infection. Recent studies, in inbred Fayoumi and Leghorn lines, uncovered conserved, breed-dependent, and subline-dependent responses. To better understand the role of innate immune genes in engendering a protective immune response, we assessed the transcriptional responses to NDV of three highly outbred Tanzanian local chicken ecotypes, the Kuchi, the Morogoro Medium, and the Ching’wekwe. Hierarchical clustering and principal coordinate analysis of the gene expression profiles of 21-day old chick embryos infected with NDV clustered in an ecotype-dependent manner and was consistent with the relative viral loads for each of the three ecotypes. The Kuchi and Morogoro Medium exhibit significantly higher viral loads than the Ching’wekwe. The results show that the outbred ecotypes with increased levels of expression of CCL4, NOS2, and SOCS1 also had higher viral loads. The higher expression of SOCS1 is inconsistent with the expression in inbred lines. These differences may uncover new mechanisms or pathways in these populations that may have otherwise been overlooked when examining the response in highly inbred lines. Taken together, our findings provide insights on the specific conserved and differentially expressed innate immune-related genes involved the response of highly outbred chicken lines to NDV. This also suggests that several of the specific innate immunity related genes identified in the current investigation may serve as markers for the selection of chickens with reduced susceptibility to NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Schilling
- Animal Science Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, TZ, United States
| | - Sahar Memari
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Isabella M Cattadori
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Applied Biological and Biosecurity Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Robab Katani
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Applied Biological and Biosecurity Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Amandus P Muhairwa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TZ, United States
| | - Joram J Buza
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, TZ, United States
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Animal Science Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, TZ, United States.,Applied Biological and Biosecurity Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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29
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Schilling MA, Memari S, Cavanaugh M, Katani R, Deist MS, Radzio-Basu J, Lamont SJ, Buza JJ, Kapur V. Conserved, breed-dependent, and subline-dependent innate immune responses of Fayoumi and Leghorn chicken embryos to Newcastle disease virus infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7209. [PMID: 31076577 PMCID: PMC6510893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a threat to the global poultry industry, but particularly for smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries. Previous reports suggest that some breeds of chickens are less susceptible to NDV infection, however, the mechanisms contributing to this are unknown. We here examined the comparative transcriptional responses of innate immune genes to NDV infection in inbred sublines of the Fayoumi and Leghorn breeds known to differ in their relative susceptibility to infection as well as at the microchromosome bearing the major histocompatability complex (MHC) locus. The analysis identified a set of five core genes, Mx1, IRF1, IRF7, STAT1, and SOCS1, that are up-regulated regardless of subline. Several genes were differentially expressed in a breed- or subline-dependent manner. The breed-dependent response involved TLR3, NOS2, LITAF, and IFIH1 in the Fayoumi versus IL8, CAMP, and CCL4 in the Leghorn. Further analysis identified subline-dependent differences in the pro-inflammatory response within the Fayoumi breed that are likely influenced by the MHC. These results have identified conserved, breed-dependent, and subline-dependent innate immune responses to NDV infection in chickens, and provide a strong framework for the future characterization of the specific roles of genes and pathways that influence the susceptibility of chickens to NDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Schilling
- The Pennsylvania State University, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,The Pennsylvania State University, Animal Science Department, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Sahar Memari
- The Pennsylvania State University, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,The Pennsylvania State University, Animal Science Department, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Meredith Cavanaugh
- The Pennsylvania State University, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,The Pennsylvania State University, Animal Science Department, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Robab Katani
- The Pennsylvania State University, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,The Pennsylvania State University, Animal Science Department, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,The Pennsylvania State University, Applied Biological and Biosafety Research Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Melissa S Deist
- The Iowa State University, Department of Animal Science, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jessica Radzio-Basu
- The Pennsylvania State University, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,The Pennsylvania State University, Applied Biological and Biosafety Research Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Susan J Lamont
- The Iowa State University, Department of Animal Science, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Joram J Buza
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Vivek Kapur
- The Pennsylvania State University, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,The Pennsylvania State University, Animal Science Department, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Arusha, Tanzania. .,The Pennsylvania State University, Applied Biological and Biosafety Research Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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30
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The Postembryonic Development of the Immunological Barrier in the Chicken Spleens. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:6279360. [PMID: 31192265 PMCID: PMC6525938 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6279360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The avian immune system improves with the development of the lymphoid organs. The chickens' spleen serves as the largest peripheral lymphoid organ, but little immunological research has been conducted on that spleen during postembryonic development. We investigated the blood-spleen barrier (BSB) by developing morphological architecture, resistance to the corpuscular antigen, immunocyte distribution, gene expression levels of TLR2/4 and cytokines in the spleens of hatched chickens of differing ages. Results demonstrated that the resistance of exogenous carbon particles of the BSB improved with the morphological and structural development of the chicken spleens. The cuboidal endothelial cells which lined the sheathed capillaries were gradually visible, and the discontinuous basement membrane was thickened during postembryonic development. There was an increased number of T and B cells and antigen-presenting cells in the chicken spleen between hatching and adulthood. The mRNA expression levels of TLR2/4, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were higher two weeks after hatching, but these decreased and remain stable between 21 and 60 days. As the age increased, the BSB developed structurally and functionally. Our findings provide a better understanding of splenic immune function and the pathogenesis of avian immunology in infectious diseases.
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31
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Arslan M, Yang X, Santhakumar D, Liu X, Hu X, Munir M, Li Y, Zhang Z. Dynamic Expression of Interferon Lambda Regulated Genes in Primary Fibroblasts and Immune Organs of the Chicken. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020145. [PMID: 30769908 PMCID: PMC6409627 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines that establish a first line of defense against viral infections in vertebrates. Several types of IFN have been identified; however, limited information is available in poultry, especially using live animal experimental models. IFN-lambda (IFN-λ) has recently been shown to exert a significant antiviral impact against viral pathogens in mammals. In order to investigate the in vivo potential of chicken IFN-λ (chIFN-λ) as a regulator of innate immunity, and potential antiviral therapeutics, we profiled the transcriptome of chIFN-λ-stimulated chicken immune organs (in vivo) and compared it with primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (in vitro). Employing the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS), recombinant chIFN-λ3 (rchIFN-λ3) was produced and its biological activities were demonstrated. The rchIFNλ3 induced a great array of IFN-regulated genes in primary chicken fibroblast cells. The transcriptional profiling using RNA-seq and subsequent bioinformatics analysis (gene ontology, differential expressed genes, and KEGGs analysis) of the bursa of Fabricious and the thymus demonstrated an upregulation of crucial immune genes (viperin, IKKB, CCL5, IL1β, and AP1) as well as the antiviral signaling pathways. Interestingly, this experimental approach revealed contrasting evidence of the antiviral potential of chIFN-λ in both in vivo and in vitro models. Taken together, our data signifies the potential of chIFN-λ as a potent antiviral cytokine and highlights its future possible use as an antiviral therapeutic in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Arslan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xin Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Diwakar Santhakumar
- Division of Biomedical and Life sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University,LA1 4YG, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Hu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University,LA1 4YG, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Yinü Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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32
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Association of Candidate Genes with Response to Heat and Newcastle Disease Virus. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9110560. [PMID: 30463235 PMCID: PMC6267452 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease is considered the number one disease constraint to poultry production in low and middle-income countries, however poultry that is raised in resource-poor areas often experience multiple environmental challenges. Heat stress has a negative impact on production, and immune response to pathogens can be negatively modulated by heat stress. Candidate genes and regions chosen for this study were based on previously reported associations with response to immune stimulants, pathogens, or heat, including: TLR3, TLR7, MX, MHC-B (major histocompatibility complex, gene complex), IFI27L2, SLC5A1, HSPB1, HSPA2, HSPA8, IFRD1, IL18R1, IL1R1, AP2A2, and TOLLIP. Chickens of a commercial egg-laying line were infected with a lentogenic strain of NDV (Newcastle disease virus); half the birds were maintained at thermoneutral temperature and the other half were exposed to high ambient temperature before the NDV challenge and throughout the remainder of the study. Phenotypic responses to heat, to NDV, or to heat + NDV were measured. Selected SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) within 14 target genes or regions were genotyped; and genotype effects on phenotypic responses to NDV or heat + NDV were tested in each individual treatment group and the combined groups. Seventeen significant haplotype effects, among seven genes and seven phenotypes, were detected for response to NDV or heat or NDV + heat. These findings identify specific genetic variants that are associated with response to heat and/or NDV which may be useful in the genetic improvement of chickens to perform favorably when faced with pathogens and heat stress.
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Hincke MT, Da Silva M, Guyot N, Gautron J, McKee MD, Guabiraba-Brito R, Réhault-Godbert S. Dynamics of Structural Barriers and Innate Immune Components during Incubation of the Avian Egg: Critical Interplay between Autonomous Embryonic Development and Maternal Anticipation. J Innate Immun 2018; 11:111-124. [PMID: 30391943 PMCID: PMC6738211 DOI: 10.1159/000493719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated innate immune features of the calcareous egg and its contents are a critical underpinning of the remarkable evolutionary success of the Aves clade. Beginning at the time of laying, the initial protective structures of the egg, i.e., the biomineralized eggshell, egg-white antimicrobial peptides, and vitelline membrane, are rapidly and dramatically altered during embryonic development. The embryo-generated extra-embryonic tissues (chorioallantoic/amniotic membranes, yolk sac, and associated chambers) are all critical to counteract degradation of primary egg defenses during development. With a focus on the chick embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus), this review describes the progressive transformation of egg innate immunity by embryo-generated structures and mechanisms over the 21-day course of egg incubation, and also discusses the critical interplay between autonomous development and maternal anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell T. Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- LE STUDIUM Research Consortium, Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans-Tours, Nouzilly, France
- BOA, INRA, Val de Loire Centre, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Mylène Da Silva
- BOA, INRA, Val de Loire Centre, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Nicolas Guyot
- BOA, INRA, Val de Loire Centre, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joël Gautron
- BOA, INRA, Val de Loire Centre, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marc D. McKee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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