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Shah SA, Oakes RS, Jewell CM. Advancing immunotherapy using biomaterials to control tissue, cellular, and molecular level immune signaling in skin. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115315. [PMID: 38670230 PMCID: PMC11111363 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have been transformative in many areas, including cancer treatments, allergies, and autoimmune diseases. However, significant challenges persist in extending the reach of these technologies to new indications and patients. Some of the major hurdles include narrow applicability to patient groups, transient efficacy, high cost burdens, poor immunogenicity, and side effects or off-target toxicity that results from lack of disease-specificity and inefficient delivery. Thus, there is a significant need for strategies that control immune responses generated by immunotherapies while targeting infection, cancer, allergy, and autoimmunity. Being the outermost barrier of the body and the first line of host defense, the skin presents a unique immunological interface to achieve these goals. The skin contains a high concentration of specialized immune cells, such as antigen-presenting cells and tissue-resident memory T cells. These cells feature diverse and potent combinations of immune receptors, providing access to cellular and molecular level control to modulate immune responses. Thus, skin provides accessible tissue, cellular, and molecular level controls that can be harnessed to improve immunotherapies. Biomaterial platforms - microneedles, nano- and micro-particles, scaffolds, and other technologies - are uniquely capable of modulating the specialized immunological niche in skin by targeting these distinct biological levels of control. This review highlights recent pre-clinical and clinical advances in biomaterial-based approaches to target and modulate immune signaling in the skin at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels for immunotherapeutic applications. We begin by discussing skin cytoarchitecture and resident immune cells to establish the biological rationale for skin-targeting immunotherapies. This is followed by a critical presentation of biomaterial-based pre-clinical and clinical studies aimed at controlling the immune response in the skin for immunotherapy and therapeutic vaccine applications in cancer, allergy, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey A Shah
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Robert S Oakes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Suite N9E17, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Varisli L, Dancik GM, Tolan V, Vlahopoulos S. Critical Roles of SRC-3 in the Development and Progression of Breast Cancer, Rendering It a Prospective Clinical Target. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5242. [PMID: 37958417 PMCID: PMC10648290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women and is also one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Most breast tumors are hormone-dependent and estrogen signaling plays a critical role in promoting the survival and malignant behaviors of these cells. Estrogen signaling involves ligand-activated cytoplasmic estrogen receptors that translocate to the nucleus with various co-regulators, such as steroid receptor co-activator (SRC) family members, and bind to the promoters of target genes and regulate their expression. SRC-3 is a member of this family that interacts with, and enhances, the transcriptional activity of the ligand activated estrogen receptor. Although SRC-3 has important roles in normal homeostasis and developmental processes, it has been shown to be amplified and overexpressed in breast cancer and to promote malignancy. The malignancy-promoting potential of SRC-3 is diverse and involves both promoting malignant behavior of tumor cells and creating a tumor microenvironment that has an immunosuppressive phenotype. SRC-3 also inhibits the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with effector function and promotes stemness. Furthermore, SRC-3 is also involved in the development of resistance to hormone therapy and immunotherapy during breast cancer treatment. The versatility of SRC-3 in promoting breast cancer malignancy in this way makes it a good target, and methodical targeting of SRC-3 probably will be important for the success of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey;
| | - Garrett M. Dancik
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA;
| | - Veysel Tolan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey;
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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3
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Dhanushkodi NR, Prakash S, Quadiri A, Zayou L, Srivastava R, Tran J, Dang V, Shaik AM, Chilukurri A, Suzer B, De Vera P, Sun M, Nguyen P, Lee A, Salem A, Loi J, Singer M, Nakayama T, Vahed H, Nesburn AB, BenMohamed L. Mucosal CCL28 Chemokine Improves Protection against Genital Herpes through Mobilization of Antiviral Effector Memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L-CD8+ T Cells and Memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B Cells into the Infected Vaginal Mucosa. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:118-129. [PMID: 37222480 PMCID: PMC10330291 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Four major mucosal-associated chemokines, CCL25, CCL28, CXCL14, and CXCL17, play an important role in protecting mucosal surfaces from infectious pathogens. However, their role in protection against genital herpes remains to be fully explored. The CCL28 is a chemoattractant for the CCR10 receptor-expressing immune cells and is produced homeostatically in the human vaginal mucosa (VM). In this study, we investigated the role of the CCL28/CCR10 chemokine axis in mobilizing protective antiviral B and T cell subsets into the VM site of herpes infection. We report a significant increase in the frequencies of HSV-specific memory CCR10+CD44+CD8+ T cells, expressing high levels of CCR10, in herpes-infected asymptomatic (ASYMP) women compared with symptomatic women. Similarly, a significant increase in the CCL28 chemokine (a ligand of CCR10), was detected in the VM of herpes-infected ASYMP C57BL/6 mice, associated with the mobilization of high frequencies of HSV-specific effector memory CCR10+CD44+CD62L-CD8+ TEM cells and memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B cells in the VM of HSV-infected ASYMP mice. Inversely, compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice, the CCL28 knockout (CCL28-/-) mice (1) appeared to be more susceptible to intravaginal infection and reinfection with HSV type 2, and (2) exhibited a significant decrease in the frequencies of HSV-specific effector memory CCR10+CD44+CD62L-CD8+ TEM cells and of memory CD27+B220+ B cells in the infected VM. These findings suggest a critical role of the CCL28/CCR10 chemokine axis in the mobilization of antiviral memory B and T cells within the VM to protect against genital herpes infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Rajeswari Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Afshana Quadiri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Latifa Zayou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jennifer Tran
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Vivian Dang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Amin Mohammed Shaik
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Amruth Chilukurri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Berfin Suzer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Phil De Vera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Miyo Sun
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Pauline Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ashley Lee
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Amirah Salem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Joyce Loi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Mahmoud Singer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | | | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune, LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660; USA
| | - Anthony B. Nesburn
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Institute for Immunology; the University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune, LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660; USA
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Dhanushkodi NR, Prakash S, Quadiri A, Zayou L, Singer M, Takashi N, Vahed H, BenMohamed L. High Frequencies of Antiviral Effector Memory T EM Cells and Memory B Cells Mobilized into Herpes Infected Vaginal Mucosa Associated With Protection Against Genital Herpes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.23.542021. [PMID: 37292784 PMCID: PMC10245907 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.23.542021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal mucosa-resident anti-viral effector memory B- and T cells appeared to play a crucial role in protection against genital herpes. However, how to mobilize such protective immune cells into the vaginal tissue close to infected epithelial cells remains to be determined. In the present study, we investigate whether and how, CCL28, a major mucosal-associated chemokine, mobilizes effector memory B- and T cells in leading to protecting mucosal surfaces from herpes infection and disease. The CCL28 is a chemoattractant for the CCR10 receptor-expressing immune cells and is produced homeostatically in the human vaginal mucosa (VM). We found the presence of significant frequencies of HSV-specific memory CCR10+CD44+CD8+ T cells, expressing high levels of CCR10 receptor, in herpes-infected asymptomatic (ASYMP) women compared to symptomatic (SYMP) women. A significant amount of the CCL28 chemokine (a ligand of CCR10), was detected in the VM of herpes-infected ASYMP B6 mice, associated with the mobilization of high frequencies of HSV-specific effector memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L- CD8+ TEM cells and memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B cells in the VM of HSV-infected asymptomatic mice. In contrast, compared to wild-type (WT) B6 mice, the CCL28 knockout (CCL28(-/-)) mice: (i) Appeared more susceptible to intravaginal infection and re-infection with HSV-2; (ii) Exhibited a significant decrease in the frequencies of HSV-specific effector memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L- CD8+ TEM cells and of memory CD27+B220+ B cells in the infected VM. The results imply a critical role of the CCL28/CCR10 chemokine axis in the mobilization of anti-viral memory B and T cells within the VM to protect against genital herpes infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Rajeswari Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Afshana Quadiri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Latifa Zayou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Mahmoud Singer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | | | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune, LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660; USA
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; the University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Institute for Immunology; the University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune, LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660; USA
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Habib JG, Liu D, Crepeau RM, Wagener ME, Ford ML. Selective CD28 blockade impacts T cell differentiation during homeostatic reconstitution following lymphodepletion. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1081163. [PMID: 36761170 PMCID: PMC9904166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Costimulation blockade targeting the CD28 pathway provides improved long-term renal allograft survival compared to calcineurin inhibitors but may be limited as CTLA-4-Ig (abatacept, belatacept) blocks both CD28 costimulation and CTLA-4 coinhibition. Directly targeting CD28 while leaving CTLA-4 intact may provide a mechanistic advantage. Fc-silent non-crosslinking CD28 antagonizing domain antibodies (dAb) are currently in clinical trials for renal transplantation. Given the current standard of care in renal transplantation at most US centers, it is likely that lymphodepletion via thymoglobulin induction therapy could be used in patients treated with CD28 antagonists. Thus, we investigated the impact of T cell depletion (TCD) on T cell phenotype following homeostatic reconstitution in a murine model of skin transplantation treated with anti-CD28dAb. Methods Skin from BALB/cJ donors was grafted onto C56BL/6 recipients which were treated with or without 0.2mg anti-CD4 and 10μg anti-CD8 one day prior to transplant and with or without 100μg anti-CD28dAb on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and weekly thereafter. Mice were euthanized six weeks post-transplant and lymphoid cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Anti-CD28dAb reversed lymphopenia-induced differentiation of memory CD4+ T cells in the spleen and lymph node compared to TCD alone. Mice treated with TCD+anti-CD28dAb exhibited significantly improved skin graft survival compared to anti-CD28dAb alone, which was also improved compared to no treatment. In addition, the expression of CD69 was reduced on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen and lymph node from mice that received TCD+anti-CD28dAb compared to TCD alone. While a reduced frequency of CD4+FoxP3+ T cells was observed in anti-CD28dAb treated mice relative to untreated controls, this was balanced by an increased frequency of CD8+Foxp3+ T cells that was observed in the blood and kidney of mice given TCD+anti-CD28dAb compared to TCD alone. Discussion These data demonstrate that CD28 signaling impacts the differentiation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during homeostatic reconstitution following lymphodepletion, resulting in a shift towards fewer activated memory T cells and more CD8+FoxP3+ T cells, a profile that may underpin the observed prolongation in allograft survival.
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von Werdt D, Gungor B, Barreto de Albuquerque J, Gruber T, Zysset D, Kwong Chung CKC, Corrêa-Ferreira A, Berchtold R, Page N, Schenk M, Kehrl JH, Merkler D, Imhof BA, Stein JV, Abe J, Turchinovich G, Finke D, Hayday AC, Corazza N, Mueller C. Regulator of G-protein signaling 1 critically supports CD8 + T RM cell-mediated intestinal immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085895. [PMID: 37153600 PMCID: PMC10158727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Regulator of G-protein signaling (Rgs) family regulate the extent and timing of G protein signaling by increasing the GTPase activity of Gα protein subunits. The Rgs family member Rgs1 is one of the most up-regulated genes in tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells when compared to their circulating T cell counterparts. Functionally, Rgs1 preferentially deactivates Gαq, and Gαi protein subunits and can therefore also attenuate chemokine receptor-mediated immune cell trafficking. The impact of Rgs1 expression on tissue-resident T cell generation, their maintenance, and the immunosurveillance of barrier tissues, however, is only incompletely understood. Here we report that Rgs1 expression is readily induced in naïve OT-I T cells in vivo following intestinal infection with Listeria monocytogenes-OVA. In bone marrow chimeras, Rgs1 -/- and Rgs1 +/+ T cells were generally present in comparable frequencies in distinct T cell subsets of the intestinal mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. After intestinal infection with Listeria monocytogenes-OVA, however, OT-I Rgs1 +/+ T cells outnumbered the co-transferred OT-I Rgs1- /- T cells in the small intestinal mucosa already early after infection. The underrepresentation of the OT-I Rgs1 -/- T cells persisted to become even more pronounced during the memory phase (d30 post-infection). Remarkably, upon intestinal reinfection, mice with intestinal OT-I Rgs1 +/+ TRM cells were able to prevent the systemic dissemination of the pathogen more efficiently than those with OT-I Rgs1 -/- TRM cells. While the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet, these data thus identify Rgs1 as a critical regulator for the generation and maintenance of tissue-resident CD8+ T cells as a prerequisite for efficient local immunosurveillance in barrier tissues in case of reinfections with potential pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego von Werdt
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bilgi Gungor
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Gruber
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Zysset
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cheong K. C. Kwong Chung
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Gastrointestinal Health, Immunology, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Corrêa-Ferreira
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Regina Berchtold
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Schenk
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John H. Kehrl
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beat A. Imhof
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jens V. Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gleb Turchinovich
- Department of Biomedicine, and University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Finke
- Department of Biomedicine, and University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christoph Mueller, ; Nadia Corazza,
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, and University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christoph Mueller, ; Nadia Corazza,
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Kawasaki T, Ikegawa M, Yunoki K, Otani H, Ori D, Ishii KJ, Kuroda E, Takamura S, Kitabatake M, Ito T, Isotani A, Kawai T. Alveolar macrophages instruct CD8 + T cell expansion by antigen cross-presentation in lung. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111828. [PMID: 36516765 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung CD8+ memory T cells play central roles in protective immunity to respiratory viruses, such as influenza A virus (IAV). Here, we find that alveolar macrophages (AMs) function as antigen-presenting cells that support the expansion of lung CD8+ memory T cells. Intranasal antigen administration to mice subcutaneously immunized with antigen results in a rapid expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the lung, which is dependent on antigen cross-presentation by AMs. AMs highly express interleukin-18 (IL-18), which mediates subsequent formation of CD103+CD8+ resident memory T (TRM) cells in the lung. In a mouse model of IAV infection, AMs are required for expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells and CD103+CD8+ TRM cells and inhibiting virus replication in the lungs during secondary infection. These results suggest that AMs instruct a rapid expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in lung, which protect the host from respiratory virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Moe Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yunoki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hifumi Otani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shiki Takamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan; Laboratory for Immunological Memory, Research Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitabatake
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ayako Isotani
- Organ Developmental Engineering, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
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8
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Suryadevara N, Kumar A, Ye X, Rogers M, Williams JV, Wilson JT, Karijolich J, Joyce S. A molecular signature of lung-resident CD8 + T cells elicited by subunit vaccination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19101. [PMID: 36351985 PMCID: PMC9645351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural infection as well as vaccination with live or attenuated viruses elicit tissue resident, CD8+ memory T cell (Trm) response. Trm cells so elicited act quickly upon reencounter with the priming agent to protect the host. These Trm cells express a unique molecular signature driven by the master regulators-Runx3 and Hobit. We previously reported that intranasal instillation of a subunit vaccine in a prime boost vaccination regimen installed quick-acting, CD8+ Trm cells in the lungs that protected against lethal vaccinia virus challenge. It remains unexplored whether CD8+ Trm responses so elicited are driven by a similar molecular signature as those elicited by microbes in a real infection or by live, attenuated pathogens in conventional vaccination. We found that distinct molecular signatures distinguished subunit vaccine-elicited lung interstitial CD8+ Trm cells from subunit vaccine-elicited CD8+ effector memory and splenic memory T cells. Nonetheless, the transcriptome signature of subunit vaccine elicited CD8+ Trm resembled those elicited by virus infection or vaccination. Clues to the basis of tissue residence and function of vaccine specific CD8+ Trm cells were found in transcripts that code for chemokines and chemokine receptors, purinergic receptors, and adhesins when compared to CD8+ effector and splenic memory T cells. Our findings inform the utility of protein-based subunit vaccination for installing CD8+ Trm cells in the lungs to protect against respiratory infectious diseases that plague humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenchandra Suryadevara
- grid.418356.d0000 0004 0478 7015Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- grid.418356.d0000 0004 0478 7015Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Xiang Ye
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Meredith Rogers
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - John V. Williams
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA ,Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in Children (i4Kids), Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - John T. Wilson
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - John Karijolich
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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9
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Harris KM, Clements MA, Kwilasz AJ, Watkins LR. T cell transgressions: Tales of T cell form and function in diverse disease states. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:475-516. [PMID: 34152881 PMCID: PMC8752099 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insights into T cell form, function, and dysfunction are rapidly evolving. T cells have remarkably varied effector functions including protecting the host from infection, activating cells of the innate immune system, releasing cytokines and chemokines, and heavily contributing to immunological memory. Under healthy conditions, T cells orchestrate a finely tuned attack on invading pathogens while minimizing damage to the host. The dark side of T cells is that they also exhibit autoreactivity and inflict harm to host cells, creating autoimmunity. The mechanisms of T cell autoreactivity are complex and dynamic. Emerging research is elucidating the mechanisms leading T cells to become autoreactive and how such responses cause or contribute to diverse disease states, both peripherally and within the central nervous system. This review provides foundational information on T cell development, differentiation, and functions. Key T cell subtypes, cytokines that create their effector roles, and sex differences are highlighted. Pathological T cell contributions to diverse peripheral and central disease states, arising from errors in reactivity, are highlighted, with a focus on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda R. Watkins
- Corresponding author: Ph: 720-387-0304, Fax: 303-735-8290, , Address: 2860 Wilderness Place, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
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10
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Chang MH, Levescot A, Nelson-Maney N, Blaustein RB, Winden KD, Morris A, Wactor A, Balu S, Grieshaber-Bouyer R, Wei K, Henderson LA, Iwakura Y, Clark RA, Rao DA, Fuhlbrigge RC, Nigrovic PA. Arthritis flares mediated by tissue-resident memory T cells in the joint. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109902. [PMID: 34706228 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease, but disease flares typically affect only a subset of joints, distributed in a distinctive pattern for each patient. Pursuing this intriguing pattern, we show that arthritis recurrence is mediated by long-lived synovial resident memory T cells (TRM). In three murine models, CD8+ cells bearing TRM markers remain in previously inflamed joints during remission. These cells are bona fide TRM, exhibiting a failure to migrate between joints, preferential uptake of fatty acids, and long-term residency. Disease flares result from TRM activation by antigen, leading to CCL5-mediated recruitment of circulating effector cells. Correspondingly, TRM depletion ameliorates recurrence in a site-specific manner. Human rheumatoid arthritis joint tissues contain a comparable CD8+-predominant TRM population, which is most evident in late-stage leukocyte-poor synovium, exhibiting limited T cell receptor diversity and a pro-inflammatory transcriptomic signature. Together, these findings establish synovial TRM as a targetable mediator of disease chronicity in autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Chang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anaïs Levescot
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathan Nelson-Maney
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel B Blaustein
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kellen D Winden
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allyn Morris
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Wactor
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Spoorthi Balu
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ricardo Grieshaber-Bouyer
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren A Henderson
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Animal Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert C Fuhlbrigge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Wyatt NJ, Speight RA, Stewart CJ, Kirby JA, Lamb CA. Targeting Leukocyte Trafficking in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BioDrugs 2021; 35:473-503. [PMID: 34613592 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-021-00496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, understanding of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) immunopathogenesis has expanded considerably. Histopathological examination of the intestinal mucosa in IBD demonstrates the presence of a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate. Research has focused on identifying mechanisms of immune cell trafficking to the gastrointestinal tract that may represent effective gut-selective targets for IBD therapy whilst avoiding systemic immunosuppression that may be associated with off-target adverse effects such as infection and malignancy. Integrins are cell surface receptors that can bind to cellular adhesion molecules to mediate both leukocyte homing and retention. In 2014, Vedolizumab (Entyvio®) was the first anti-integrin (anti-α4ß7 monoclonal antibody) treatment to be approved for use in IBD. Several other anti-integrin therapies are currently in advanced stages of development, including novel orally administered small-molecule drugs. Drugs targeting alternative trafficking mechanisms such as mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1 and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors are also being evaluated. Here, we summarise key established and emerging therapies targeting leukocyte trafficking that may play an important role in realising the goal of stratified precision medicine in IBD care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Wyatt
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - R Alexander Speight
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Christopher J Stewart
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John A Kirby
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christopher A Lamb
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
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12
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Marceaux C, Weeden CE, Gordon CL, Asselin-Labat ML. Holding our breath: the promise of tissue-resident memory T cells in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2819-2829. [PMID: 34295680 PMCID: PMC8264348 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell memory is critical in controlling infection and plays an important role in anti-tumor responses in solid cancers. While effector memory and central memory T cells circulate and patrol non-lymphoid and lymphoid organs respectively, tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) permanently reside in tissues and provide local protective immune responses. In a number of solid tumors, tumor-specific T cell memory responses likely play an important role in keeping tumors in check, limiting cancer cell dissemination and reducing risk of relapse. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a subset of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) display phenotypic and functional characteristics associated with lung TRM (TRM-like TILs), including the expression of tissue-specific homing molecules and immune exhaustion markers. High infiltration of TRM-like TILs correlates with better survival outcomes for lung cancer patients, indicating that TRM-like TILs may contribute to anti-tumor responses. However, a number of TRM-like TILs do not display tumor specificity and the exact role of TRM-like TILs in mediating anti-tumor response in lung cancer is unclear. Here we review the characteristics of TRM-like TILs in lung cancer, the role these cells play in mediating anti-tumor immunity and the therapeutic implications of TRM-like TILs in the use and development of immunotherapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Marceaux
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Clare E Weeden
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Claire L Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Cancer Early Detection and Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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13
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Ogongo P, Tezera LB, Ardain A, Nhamoyebonde S, Ramsuran D, Singh A, Ng’oepe A, Karim F, Naidoo T, Khan K, Dullabh KJ, Fehlings M, Lee BH, Nardin A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Behar SM, Steyn AJ, Madansein R, Kløverpris HN, Elkington PT, Leslie A. Tissue-resident-like CD4+ T cells secreting IL-17 control Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the human lung. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142014. [PMID: 33848273 PMCID: PMC8121523 DOI: 10.1172/jci142014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunity is essential for the control of tuberculosis (TB), an important disease of the lung, and is generally studied in humans using peripheral blood cells. Mounting evidence, however, indicates that tissue-resident memory T cells (Trms) are superior at controlling many pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), and can be quite different from those in circulation. Using freshly resected lung tissue, from individuals with active or previous TB, we identified distinct CD4+ and CD8+ Trm-like clusters within TB-diseased lung tissue that were functional and enriched for IL-17-producing cells. M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells producing TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-17 were highly expanded in the lung compared with matched blood samples, in which IL-17+ cells were largely absent. Strikingly, the frequency of M. tuberculosis-specific lung T cells making IL-17, but not other cytokines, inversely correlated with the plasma IL-1β levels, suggesting a potential link with disease severity. Using a human granuloma model, we showed the addition of either exogenous IL-17 or IL-2 enhanced immune control of M. tuberculosis and was associated with increased NO production. Taken together, these data support an important role for M. tuberculosis-specific Trm-like, IL-17-producing cells in the immune control of M. tuberculosis in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Liku B. Tezera
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Ardain
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Shepherd Nhamoyebonde
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Alveera Singh
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Taryn Naidoo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khadija Khan
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kaylesh J. Dullabh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrie J.C. Steyn
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology and
- Center for AIDS Research and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rajhmun Madansein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Henrik N. Kløverpris
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul T. Elkington
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Du W, Lenz D, Köhler R, Zhang E, Cendon C, Li J, Massoud M, Wachtlin J, Bodo J, Hauser AE, Radbruch A, Dong J. Rapid Isolation of Functional ex vivo Human Skin Tissue-Resident Memory T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624013. [PMID: 33828548 PMCID: PMC8019735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in animal models have shown that skin tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide enhanced and immediate effector function at the site of infection. However, analyses of skin TRM cells in humans have been hindered by the lack of an optimized isolation protocol. Here, we present a combinatorial strategy-the 6-h collagenase IV digestion and gentle tissue dissociation – for rapid and efficient isolation of skin TRM cells with skin tissue-specific immune features. In comparison with paired blood circulating memory T cells, these ex vivo isolated skin T cells express typical TRM cell markers and display higher polyfunctional properties. Moreover, these isolated cells can also be assessed for longer periods of time in ex vivo cultures. Thus, the optimized isolation protocol provides a valuable tool for further understanding of human skin TRM cells, especially for direct comparison with peripheral blood T cells at the same sample collection time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Du
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lenz
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Central Lab for Microscopy, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carla Cendon
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinchan Li
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mona Massoud
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Wachtlin
- Sankt Gertrauden Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany.,Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Neurrupin, Germany
| | - Juliane Bodo
- Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Central Lab for Microscopy, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Immune Dynamics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Paap EM, Müller TM, Sommer K, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Total Recall: Intestinal T RM Cells in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:623072. [PMID: 33542725 PMCID: PMC7851044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.623072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) have crucial functions in host defense in mucosal tissues. They provide local adaptive immune surveillance and allow the fast initiation of targeted adaptive immune responses in case of antigen re-exposure. Recently, an aberrant activation in the case of immunologically mediated diseases has been increasingly acknowledged. As the organ with the largest interface to the environment, the gastrointestinal tract faces billions of antigens every day. Tightly balanced processes are necessary to ensure tolerance towards non-hazardous antigens, but to set up a powerful immune response against potentially dangerous ones. In this complex nexus of immune cells and their mediators, TRM cells play a central role and have been shown to promote both physiological and pathological events. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the homeostatic functions of TRM cells and delineate their implication in infection control in the gut. Moreover, we will outline their commitment in immune dysregulation in gastrointestinal chronic inflammatory conditions and shed light on TRM cells as current and potential future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1 and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Jhun M, Panwar A, Cordner R, Irvin DK, Veiga L, Yeager N, Pechnick RN, Schubloom H, Black KL, Wheeler CJ. CD103 Deficiency Promotes Autism (ASD) and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Behavioral Spectra and Reduces Age-Related Cognitive Decline. Front Neurol 2021; 11:557269. [PMID: 33424735 PMCID: PMC7786306 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.557269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which frequently co-occur, are both rising. The causes of ASD and ADHD remain elusive, even as both appear to involve perturbation of the gut-brain-immune axis. CD103 is an integrin and E-cadherin receptor most prominently expressed on CD8 T cells that reside in gut, brain, and other tissues. CD103 deficiency is well-known to impair gut immunity and resident T cell function, but it's impact on neurodevelopmental disorders has not been examined. We show here that CD8 T cells influence neural progenitor cell function, and that CD103 modulates this impact both directly and potentially by controlling CD8 levels in brain. CD103 knockout (CD103KO) mice exhibited a variety of behavioral abnormalities, including superior cognitive performance coupled with repetitive behavior, aversion to novelty and social impairment in females, with hyperactivity with delayed learning in males. Brain protein markers in female and male CD103KOs coincided with known aspects of ASD and ADHD in humans, respectively. Surprisingly, CD103 deficiency also decreased age-related cognitive decline in both sexes, albeit by distinct means. Together, our findings reveal a novel role for CD103 in brain developmental function, and identify it as a unique factor linking ASD and ADHD etiology. Our data also introduce a new animal model of combined ASD and ADHD with associated cognitive benefits, and reveal potential therapeutic targets for these disorders and age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jhun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akanksha Panwar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Cordner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department Biomedical & Translational Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dwain K Irvin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,StemVax Therapeutics, Chesterland, OH, United States
| | - Lucia Veiga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole Yeager
- Department Biomedical & Translational Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert N Pechnick
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Hanna Schubloom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J Wheeler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Society for Brain Mapping & Therapeutics, Brain Mapping Foundation, Santa Monica, CA, United States.,T-Neuro Pharma, Inc., Albuquerque, NM, United States
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17
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Resident Memory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1273:39-68. [PMID: 33119875 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are strategically positioned within the epithelial layers of many tissues to provide enduring site-specific immunological memory. This unique T-cell lineage is endowed with the capacity to rapidly respond to tissue perturbations and has a well-documented role in eradicating pathogens upon reexposure. Emerging evidence has highlighted a key role for TRM cells in cancer immunity. Single-cell approaches have identified TRM cells among other CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subsets, and their presence is a positive indicator of clinical outcome in cancer patients. Furthermore, recent preclinical studies have elegantly demonstrated that TRM cells are a critical component of the antitumor immune response. Given their unique functional abilities, TRM cells have emerged as a potential immunotherapeutic target. Here, we discuss TRM cells in the framework of the cancer-immunity cycle and in the context of the T cell- and non-T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments (TME). We highlight how their core features make TRM cells uniquely suited to function within the metabolically demanding TME. Finally, we consider potential therapeutic avenues that target TRM cells to augment the antitumor immune response.
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18
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Panwar A, Jhun M, Rentsendorj A, Mardiros A, Cordner R, Birch K, Yeager N, Duvall G, Golchian D, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Cohen RM, Ley E, Black KL, Wheeler CJ. Functional recreation of age-related CD8 T cells in young mice identifies drivers of aging- and human-specific tissue pathology. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111351. [PMID: 32910956 PMCID: PMC7567339 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitigating effects of aging on human health remains elusive because aging impacts multiple systems simultaneously, and because experimental animals exhibit critical aging differences relative to humans. Separation of aging into discrete processes may identify targetable drivers of pathology, particularly when applied to human-specific features. Gradual homeostatic expansion of CD8 T cells dominantly alters their function in aging humans but not in mice. Injecting T cells into athymic mice induces rapid homeostatic expansion, but its relevance to aging remains uncertain. We hypothesized that homeostatic expansion of T cells injected into T-deficient hosts models physiologically relevant CD8 T cell aging in young mice, and aimed to analyze age-related T cell phenotype and tissue pathology in such animals. Indeed, we found that such injection conferred uniform age-related phenotype, genotype, and function to mouse CD8 T cells, heightened age-associated tissue pathology in young athymic hosts, and humanized amyloidosis after brain injury in secondary wild-type recipients. This validates a model conferring a human-specific aging feature to mice that identifies targetable drivers of tissue pathology. Similar examination of independent aging features should promote systematic understanding of aging and identify additional targets to mitigate its effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Panwar
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Michelle Jhun
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Armen Mardiros
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Ryan Cordner
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States; Dep. Biomedical Sciences, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Kurtis Birch
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Nicole Yeager
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States; Dep. Biomedical Sciences, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Gretchen Duvall
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - David Golchian
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States; Dep. Biomedical Sciences, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Robert M Cohen
- Dept. Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Neuroscience Program, GDBBS, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Eric Ley
- Dept. Surgery, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Keith L Black
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Christopher J Wheeler
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States; Brain Mapping Foundation, Society for Brain Mapping & Therapeutics, 860 Via De la Paz, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272, United States; T-Neuro Pharma, 1451 Innovation Parkway SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, United States.
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19
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T RM integrins CD103 and CD49a differentially support adherence and motility after resolution of influenza virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12306-12314. [PMID: 32439709 PMCID: PMC7275699 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915681117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccination strategies require annual immunizations, with fairly low efficacy rates. One technique to improve protection against a greater breadth of influenza viruses is to elicit broadly cross-reactive cell-mediated immunity and generate a local population of cytotoxic T cells to respond to conserved regions of circulating viruses. However, this approach requires improved understanding of how these cells migrate within and attach to the tissue in order to persist and offer long-term immunity. This study investigates how receptors on the T cell surface impact the cell’s ability to interact with the tissue and provide evidence of which of these receptors are essential for protection. Furthermore, these studies reveal functional in vivo mechanisms of cellular markers used to characterize TRM. Tissue-resident memory CD8 T (TRM) cells are a unique immune memory subset that develops and remains in peripheral tissues at the site of infection, providing future host resistance upon reexposure to that pathogen. In the pulmonary system, TRM are identified through S1P antagonist CD69 and expression of integrins CD103/β7 and CD49a/CD29(β1). Contrary to the established role of CD69 on CD8 T cells, the functions of CD103 and CD49a on this population are not well defined. This study examines the expression patterns and functions of CD103 and CD49a with a specific focus on their impact on T cell motility during influenza virus infection. We show that the TRM cell surface phenotype develops by 2 wk postinfection, with the majority of the population expressing CD49a and a subset that is also positive for CD103. Despite a previously established role in retaining TRM in peripheral tissues, CD49a facilitates locomotion of virus-specific CD8 T cells, both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that CD49a may contribute to local surveillance mechanisms of the TRM population.
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20
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Memory CD4 + T Cells in Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030531. [PMID: 32106536 PMCID: PMC7140455 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play central roles in immunity in health and disease. While much is known about the effector function of Th cells in combating pathogens and promoting autoimmune diseases, the roles and biology of memory CD4+ Th cells are complex and less well understood. In human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a critical need to better understand the function and biology of memory T cells. In this review article we summarize current concepts in the field of CD4+ T cell memory, including natural history, developmental pathways, subsets, and functions. Furthermore, we discuss advancements in the field of the newly-described CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells and of CD4+ memory T cells in autoimmune diseases, two major areas of important unresolved questions in need of answering to advance new vaccine design and development of novel treatments for CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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21
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Chen Y, Xin Z, Huang L, Zhao L, Wang S, Cheng J, Wu P, Chai Y. CD8 + T Cells Form the Predominant Subset of NKG2A + Cells in Human Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3002. [PMID: 32010126 PMCID: PMC6979261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: NKG2A is an inhibitory receptor of both T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Persistent activation promotes T cells and NK cells to express NKG2A and results in the progression of chronic infection and cancer. However, the characteristics and subsets of NKG2A+ lymphocytes in human lung cancer are still unclear. Methods: Here, we used the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database and immune profiling of paired biospecimens to uncover the correlation between NKG2A expression and immune infiltration levels in human cancer as well as the characteristics of NKG2A+ lymphocytes in human lung cancer. Results: We found that KLRC1 expression was especially correlated with CD8+ T-cell infiltration levels in 34 types of human cancer through the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database. Moreover, NKG2A+ CD8+ T cells were the predominant subset of NKG2A+ lymphocytes in human lung cancer. In contrast, the NKG2A+ NK cells were decreased in tumors compared with the paired normal lung tissue. Tumor-infiltrating NKG2A+ CD8+ T cells expressed tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM cell) and exhausted T-cell markers. Cytokines and cytotoxic molecules secreted by tumor-infiltrating NKG2A+ CD8+ T cells were significantly lower than those secreted by NKG2A− CD8+ T cells in vitro. When stimulated with T-cell receptor activator, tumor-infiltrating NKG2A+ CD8+ T cells could secrete large amounts of granzyme B. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that tumor-infiltrating NKG2A+ CD8+ T cells form the predominant subset of NKG2A+ cells in human lung cancer and suggest that targeting NKG2A+ CD8+ T cells is a promising approach for future anti-lung cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwei Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijian Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lufeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Prasad S, Hu S, Sheng WS, Chauhan P, Lokensgard JR. Recall Responses from Brain-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells (bT RM) Induce Reactive Gliosis. iScience 2019; 20:512-526. [PMID: 31655062 PMCID: PMC6807101 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist even during effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Although the cause of HAND is unknown, studies link chronic immune activation, neuroinflammation, and cerebrospinal fluid viral escape to disease progression. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that specific, recall immune responses from brain-resident memory T cells (bTRM) could activate glia and induce neurotoxic mediators. To address this question, we developed a heterologous prime-central nervous system (CNS) boost strategy in mice. We observed that the murine brain became populated with long-lived CD8+ bTRM, some being specific for an immunodominant Gag epitope. Recall stimulation using HIV-1 AI9 peptide administered in vivo resulted in microglia displaying elevated levels of major histocompatibility complex class II and programmed death-ligand 1, and demonstrating tissue-wide reactive gliosis. Immunostaining further confirmed this glial activation. Taken together, these results indicate that specific, adaptive recall responses from bTRM can induce reactive gliosis and production of neurotoxic mediators. Heterologous prime-CNS boost induced HIV-1-specific bTRM, which persisted long term Recall responses from HIV-specific bTRM induced tissue-wide reactive gliosis bTRM induced-reactive gliosis likely has cumulative neurotoxic consequences
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Prasad
- Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23(rd) Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Shuxian Hu
- Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23(rd) Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wen S Sheng
- Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23(rd) Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Priyanka Chauhan
- Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23(rd) Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James R Lokensgard
- Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23(rd) Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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23
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Hope JL, Stairiker CJ, Bae EA, Otero DC, Bradley LM. Striking a Balance-Cellular and Molecular Drivers of Memory T Cell Development and Responses to Chronic Stimulation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1595. [PMID: 31379821 PMCID: PMC6650570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective adaptive immune responses are characterized by stages of development and maturation of T and B cell populations that respond to disturbances in the host homeostasis in cases of both infections and cancer. For the T cell compartment, this begins with recognition of specific peptides by naïve, antigen-inexperienced T cells that results in their activation, proliferation, and differentiation, which generates an effector population that clears the antigen. Loss of stimulation eventually returns the host to a homeostatic state, with a heterogeneous memory T cell population that persists in the absence of antigen and is primed for rapid responses to a repeat antigen exposure. However, in chronic infections and cancers, continued antigen persistence impedes a successful adaptive immune response and the formation of a stereotypical memory population of T cells is compromised. With repeated antigen stimulation, responding T cells proceed down an altered path of differentiation that allows for antigen persistence, but much less is known regarding the heterogeneity of these cells and the extent to which they can become “memory-like,” with a capacity for self-renewal and recall responses that are characteristic of bona fide memory cells. This review focuses on the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the context of chronic antigen stimulation, highlighting the central observations in both human and mouse studies regarding the differentiation of memory or “memory-like” T cells. The importance of both the cellular and molecular drivers of memory T cell development are emphasized to better understand the consequences of persisting antigen on T cell fates. Integrating what is known and is common across model systems and patients can instruct future studies aimed at further understanding T cell differentiation and development, with the goal of developing novel methods to direct T cells toward the generation of effective memory populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hope
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J Stairiker
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dennis C Otero
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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24
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Ogongo P, Porterfield JZ, Leslie A. Lung Tissue Resident Memory T-Cells in the Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:992. [PMID: 31130965 PMCID: PMC6510113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread BCG vaccination and effective anti-TB drugs, Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from an infectious agent worldwide. Several recent publications give reasons to be optimistic about the possibility of a more effective vaccine, but the only full-scale clinical trial conducted failed to show protection above BCG. The immunogenicity of vaccines in humans is primarily evaluated by the systemic immune responses they generate, despite the fact that a correlation between these responses and protection from TB disease has not been demonstrated. A novel approach to tackling this problem is to study the local immune responses that occur at the site of TB infection in the human lung, rather than those detectable in blood. There is a growing understanding that pathogen specific T-cell immunity can be highly localized at the site of infection, due to the existence of tissue resident memory T-cells (Trm). Notably, these cells do not recirculate in the blood and thus may not be represented in studies of the systemic immune response. Here, we review the potential role of Trms as a component of the TB immune response and discuss how a better understanding of this response could be harnessed to improve TB vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Zachary Porterfield
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Brunner K, Samassa F, Sansonetti PJ, Phalipon A. Shigella-mediated immunosuppression in the human gut: subversion extends from innate to adaptive immune responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:1317-1325. [PMID: 30964713 PMCID: PMC6663138 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1594132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteropathogen, Shigella, is highly virulent and remarkably adjusted to the intestinal environment of its almost exclusive human host. Key for Shigella pathogenicity is the injection of virulence effectors into the host cell via its type three secretion system (T3SS), initiating disease onset and progression by the vast diversity of the secreted T3SS effectors and their respective cellular targets. The multifaceted modulation of host signaling pathways exerted by Shigella T3SS effectors, which include the subversion of host innate immune defenses and the promotion of intracellular bacterial survival and dissemination, have been extensively reviewed in the recent past. This review focuses on the human species specificity of Shigella by discussing some possible evasion mechanisms towards the human, but not non-human or rodent gut innate defense barrier, leading to the lack of a relevant animal infection model. In addition, subversion mechanisms of the adaptive immune response are highlighted summarizing research advances of the recent years. In particular, the new paradigm of Shigella pathogenicity constituted of invasion-independent T3SS effector-mediated targeting of activated, human lymphocytes is discussed. Along with consequences on vaccine development, these findings offer new directions for future research endeavors towards a better understanding of immunity to Shigella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Brunner
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cellular Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U1202, Paris, France
| | - Fatoumata Samassa
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cellular Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U1202, Paris, France
| | - Philippe J. Sansonetti
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cellular Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U1202, Paris, France
- Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Phalipon
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cellular Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U1202, Paris, France
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26
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Kim HK, Chung H, Kwon J, Castro E, Johns C, Hawk NV, Hwang S, Park JH, Gress RE. Differential Cytokine Utilization and Tissue Tropism Results in Distinct Repopulation Kinetics of Naïve vs. Memory T Cells in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:355. [PMID: 30886618 PMCID: PMC6409349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naïve and memory T cells co-exist in the peripheral T cell pool, but the cellular mechanisms that maintain the balance and homeostasis of these two populations remain mostly unclear. To address this question, here, we assessed homeostatic proliferation and repopulation kinetics of adoptively transferred naïve and memory T cells in lymphopenic host mice. We identified distinct kinetics of proliferation and tissue-distribution between naïve and memory donor T cells, which resulted in the occupancy of the peripheral T cell pool by mostly naïve-origin T cells in short term (<1 week), but, in a dramatic reversal, by mostly memory-origin T cells in long term (>4 weeks). To explain this finding, we assessed utilization of the homeostatic cytokines IL-7 and IL-15 by naïve and memory T cells. We found different efficiencies of IL-7 signaling between naïve and memory T cells, where memory T cells expressed larger amounts of IL-7Rα but were significantly less potent in activation of STAT5 that is downstream of IL-7 signaling. Nonetheless, memory T cells were superior in long-term repopulation of the peripheral T cell pool, presumably, because they preferentially migrated into non-lymphoid tissues upon adoptive transfer and additionally utilized tissue IL-15 for rapid expansion. Consequently, co-utilization of IL-7 and IL-15 provides memory T cells a long-term survival advantage. We consider this mechanism important, as it permits the memory T cell population to be maintained in face of constant influx of naïve T cells to the peripheral T cell pool and under competing conditions for survival cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Kim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hyunsoo Chung
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Juntae Kwon
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ehydel Castro
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher Johns
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nga V Hawk
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - SuJin Hwang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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27
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Sagebiel AF, Steinert F, Lunemann S, Körner C, Schreurs RRCE, Altfeld M, Perez D, Reinshagen K, Bunders MJ. Tissue-resident Eomes + NK cells are the major innate lymphoid cell population in human infant intestine. Nat Commun 2019; 10:975. [PMID: 30816112 PMCID: PMC6395753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC), including natural killer (NK) cells, are implicated in host-defense and tissue-growth. However, the composition and kinetics of NK cells in the intestine during the first year of life, when infants are first broadly exposed to exogenous antigens, are still unclear. Here we show that CD103+ NK cells are the major ILC population in the small intestines of infants. When compared to adult intestinal NK cells, infant intestinal NK cells exhibit a robust effector phenotype, characterized by Eomes, perforin and granzyme B expression, and superior degranulation capacity. Absolute intestinal NK cell numbers decrease gradually during the first year of life, coinciding with an influx of intestinal Eomes+ T cells; by contrast, epithelial NKp44+CD69+ NK cells with less cytotoxic capacity persist in adults. In conclusion, NK cells are abundant in infant intestines, where they can provide effector functions while Eomes+ T cell responses mature. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC), including natural killer (NK) cells, are important innate immune regulators. Here the authors show that, in human infant intestines, CD103+Eomes+ NK cells are the predominant ILC population, but are replaced gradually by Eomes+ T cells, while NKp44+ NK cells persist in adult intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Sagebiel
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fenja Steinert
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Körner
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renée R C E Schreurs
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Perez
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine J Bunders
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Sun H, Sun C, Xiao W, Sun R. Tissue-resident lymphocytes: from adaptive to innate immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:205-215. [PMID: 30635650 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient immune responses against invading pathogens often involve coordination between cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems. For multiple decades, it has been believed that CD8+ memory T cells and natural killer (NK) cells constantly and uniformly recirculate. Only recently was the existence of noncirculating memory T and NK cells that remain resident in the peripheral tissues, termed tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells and tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells, observed in various organs owing to improved techniques. TRM cells populate a wide range of peripheral organs, including the skin, sensory ganglia, gut, lungs, brain, salivary glands, female reproductive tract, and others. Recent findings have demonstrated the existence of TRM in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) as well, leading to revision of the classic theory that they exist only in peripheral organs. trNK cells have been identified in the uterus, skin, kidney, adipose tissue, and salivary glands. These tissue-resident lymphocytes do not recirculate in the blood or lymphatic system and often adopt a unique phenotype that is distinct from those of circulating immune cells. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the tissue residency of both innate and adaptive lymphocytes, with a particular focus on CD8+ memory T cells, and describe some advances regarding unconventional T cells (invariant NKT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), and γδ T cells) and the emerging family of trNK cells. Specifically, we will focus on the phenotypes and functions of these subsets and discuss their implications in anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Cheng Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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29
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Singh MD, Ni M, Sullivan JM, Hamerman JA, Campbell DJ. B cell adaptor for PI3-kinase (BCAP) modulates CD8 + effector and memory T cell differentiation. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2429-2443. [PMID: 30093532 PMCID: PMC6122975 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Singh et al. show that expression of B cell adaptor for PI3-kinase (BCAP) is induced upon T cell activation and that this helps control effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. CD8+ T cells respond to signals via the T cell receptor (TCR), costimulatory molecules, and immunoregulatory cytokines by developing into diverse populations of effector and memory cells. The relative strength of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling early in the T cell response can dramatically influence downstream effector and memory T cell differentiation. We show that initial PI3K signaling during T cell activation results in up-regulation of the signaling scaffold B cell adaptor for PI3K (BCAP), which further potentiates PI3K signaling and promotes the accumulation of CD8+ T cells with a terminally differentiated effector phenotype. Accordingly, BCAP-deficient CD8+ T cells have attenuated clonal expansion and altered effector and memory T cell development following infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Thus, induction of BCAP serves as a positive feedback circuit to enhance PI3K signaling in activated CD8+ T cells, thereby acting as a molecular checkpoint regulating effector and memory T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Singh
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Minjian Ni
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Jenna M Sullivan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel J Campbell
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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30
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Muruganandah V, Sathkumara HD, Navarro S, Kupz A. A Systematic Review: The Role of Resident Memory T Cells in Infectious Diseases and Their Relevance for Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1574. [PMID: 30038624 PMCID: PMC6046459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resident memory T cells have emerged as key players in the immune response generated against a number of pathogens. Their ability to take residence in non-lymphoid peripheral tissues allows for the rapid deployment of secondary effector responses at the site of pathogen entry. This ability to provide enhanced regional immunity has gathered much attention, with the generation of resident memory T cells being the goal of many novel vaccines. Objectives This review aimed to systematically analyze published literature investigating the role of resident memory T cells in human infectious diseases. Known effector responses mounted by these cells are summarized and key strategies that are potentially influential in the rational design of resident memory T cell inducing vaccines have also been highlighted. Methods A Boolean search was applied to Medline, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Studies that investigated the effector response generated by resident memory T cells and/or evaluated strategies for inducing these cells were included irrespective of published date. Studies must have utilized an established technique for identifying resident memory T cells such as T cell phenotyping. Results While over 600 publications were revealed by the search, 147 articles were eligible for inclusion. The reference lists of included articles were also screened for other eligible publications. This resulted in the inclusion of publications that studied resident memory T cells in the context of over 25 human pathogens. The vast majority of studies were conducted in mouse models and demonstrated that resident memory T cells mount protective immune responses. Conclusion Although the role resident memory T cells play in providing immunity varies depending on the pathogen and anatomical location they resided in, the evidence overall suggests that these cells are vital for the timely and optimal protection against a number of infectious diseases. The induction of resident memory T cells should be further investigated and seriously considered when designing new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visai Muruganandah
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Harindra D Sathkumara
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Severine Navarro
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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31
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Immune quiescence in the oral mucosa is maintained by a uniquely large population of highly activated Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1092-1102. [PMID: 29743613 PMCID: PMC6035783 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oral mucosa is a critical barrier tissue that protects the oral cavity against invading pathogens and foreign antigens. Interestingly, inflammation in the oral cavity is rarely observed, indicating that overt immune activation in this site is actively suppressed. Whether Foxp3+ Treg cells are involved in controlling immunity of the oral mucosa, however, is not fully understood. Here, we show that the oral mucosa is highly enriched in Foxp3+ Treg cells, and that oral mucosa Treg cells are phenotypically distinct from those of LN or spleen, as they expressed copious amounts of the tissue-retention molecule CD103 and unusually high-levels of CTLA4. Acute depletion of Foxp3+ Treg cells had catastrophic effects, resulting in marked infiltration of activated effector T cells that were associated with autoimmunity and tissue destruction of the oral mucosa. Moreover, adoptive transfer of naive CD4 T cells revealed that the oral mucosa is highly ineffective in inducing Foxp3+ Treg cells in situ, so that it depends on recruitment and migration of exogenous Treg cells to populate this mucosal site. Collectively, these results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role and a distinct developmental pathway for Foxp3+ Treg cells in the oral mucosa, which are essential to control local tissue immunity.
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32
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Moalli F, Ficht X, Germann P, Vladymyrov M, Stolp B, de Vries I, Lyck R, Balmer J, Fiocchi A, Kreutzfeldt M, Merkler D, Iannacone M, Ariga A, Stoffel MH, Sharpe J, Bähler M, Sixt M, Diz-Muñoz A, Stein JV. The Rho regulator Myosin IXb enables nonlymphoid tissue seeding of protective CD8 + T cells. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1869-1890. [PMID: 29875261 PMCID: PMC6028505 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Moalli et al. combine in vitro CD8+ T cell motility analysis with intravital imaging of mouse tissues to identify the actomyosin regulator Myo9b as a central player for nonlymphoid tissue infiltration during adaptive immune responses by facilitating crossing of tissue barriers. T cells are actively scanning pMHC-presenting cells in lymphoid organs and nonlymphoid tissues (NLTs) with divergent topologies and confinement. How the T cell actomyosin cytoskeleton facilitates this task in distinct environments is incompletely understood. Here, we show that lack of Myosin IXb (Myo9b), a negative regulator of the small GTPase Rho, led to increased Rho-GTP levels and cell surface stiffness in primary T cells. Nonetheless, intravital imaging revealed robust motility of Myo9b−/− CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissue and similar expansion and differentiation during immune responses. In contrast, accumulation of Myo9b−/− CD8+ T cells in NLTs was strongly impaired. Specifically, Myo9b was required for T cell crossing of basement membranes, such as those which are present between dermis and epidermis. As consequence, Myo9b−/− CD8+ T cells showed impaired control of skin infections. In sum, we show that Myo9b is critical for the CD8+ T cell adaptation from lymphoid to NLT surveillance and the establishment of protective tissue–resident T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Moalli
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Germann
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mykhailo Vladymyrov
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Stolp
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid de Vries
- Institute for Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Balmer
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amleto Fiocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Akitaka Ariga
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - James Sharpe
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute for Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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33
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Sanecka A, Yoshida N, Kolawole EM, Patel H, Evavold BD, Frickel EM. T Cell Receptor-Major Histocompatibility Complex Interaction Strength Defines Trafficking and CD103 + Memory Status of CD8 T Cells in the Brain. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1290. [PMID: 29922298 PMCID: PMC5996069 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor-major histocompatibility complex (TCR-MHC) affinities span a wide range in a polyclonal T cell response, yet it is undefined how affinity shapes long-term properties of CD8 T cells during chronic infection with persistent antigen. Here, we investigate how the affinity of the TCR-MHC interaction shapes the phenotype of memory CD8 T cells in the chronically Toxoplasma gondii-infected brain. We employed CD8 T cells from three lines of transnuclear (TN) mice that harbor in their endogenous loci different T cell receptors specific for the same Toxoplasma antigenic epitope ROP7. The three TN CD8 T cell clones span a wide range of affinities to MHCI-ROP7. These three CD8 T cell clones have a distinct and fixed hierarchy in terms of effector function in response to the antigen measured as proliferation capacity, trafficking, T cell maintenance, and memory formation. In particular, the T cell clone of lowest affinity does not home to the brain. The two higher affinity T cell clones show differences in establishing resident-like memory populations (CD103+) in the brain with the higher affinity clone persisting longer in the host during chronic infection. Transcriptional profiling of naïve and activated ROP7-specific CD8 T cells revealed that Klf2 encoding a transcription factor that is known to be a negative marker for T cell trafficking is upregulated in the activated lowest affinity ROP7 clone. Our data thus suggest that TCR-MHC affinity dictates memory CD8 T cell fate at the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sanecka
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nagisa Yoshida
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Motunrayo Kolawole
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Harshil Patel
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D. Evavold
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Gebhardt T, Palendira U, Tscharke DC, Bedoui S. Tissue-resident memory T cells in tissue homeostasis, persistent infection, and cancer surveillance. Immunol Rev 2018; 283:54-76. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- Centenary Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - David C. Tscharke
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Melbourne Vic. Australia
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35
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Srivastava R, Hernández-Ruiz M, Khan AA, Fouladi MA, Kim GJ, Ly VT, Yamada T, Lam C, Sarain SAB, Boldbaatar U, Zlotnik A, Bahraoui E, BenMohamed L. CXCL17 Chemokine-Dependent Mobilization of CXCR8 +CD8 + Effector Memory and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Vaginal Mucosa Is Associated with Protection against Genital Herpes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:2915-2926. [PMID: 29549178 PMCID: PMC5893430 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Circulating conventional memory CD8+ T cells (i.e., the CD8+ effector memory T [TEM] cell and CD8+ central memory T [TCM] cell subsets) and the noncirculating CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cell subset play a critical role in mucosal immunity. Mucosal chemokines, including the recently discovered CXCL17, are also important in mucosal immunity because they are homeostatically expressed in mucosal tissues. However, whether the CXCL17 chemokine contributes to the mobilization of memory CD8+ T cell subsets to access infected mucosal tissues remains to be elucidated. In this study, we report that after intravaginal HSV type 1 infection of B6 mice, we detected high expression levels of CXCL17 and increased numbers of CD44highCD62LlowCD8+ TEM and CD103highCD8+ TRM cells expressing CXCR8, the cognate receptor of CXCL17, in the vaginal mucosa (VM) of mice with reduced genital herpes infection and disease. In contrast to wild-type B6 mice, the CXCL17-/- mice developed 1) fewer CXCR8+CD8+ TEM and TRM cells associated with more virus replication in the VM and more latency established in dorsal root ganglia, and 2) reduced numbers and frequencies of functional CD8+ T cells in the VM. These findings suggest that the CXCL17/CXCR8 chemokine pathway plays a crucial role in mucosal vaginal immunity by promoting the mobilization of functional protective CD8+ TEM and CD8+ TRM cells, within this site of acute and recurrent herpes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Marcela Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Arif A Khan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Mona A Fouladi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Grace J Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Vincent T Ly
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Taikun Yamada
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Cynthia Lam
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Sheilouise A B Sarain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Undariya Boldbaatar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Albert Zlotnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Elmostafa Bahraoui
- INSERM, U1043, 31000 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, U5282, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
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36
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Opata MM, Ibitokou SA, Carpio VH, Marshall KM, Dillon BE, Carl JC, Wilson KD, Arcari CM, Stephens R. Protection by and maintenance of CD4 effector memory and effector T cell subsets in persistent malaria infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006960. [PMID: 29630679 PMCID: PMC5908200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protection at the peak of Plasmodium chabaudi blood-stage malaria infection is provided by CD4 T cells. We have shown that an increase in Th1 cells also correlates with protection during the persistent phase of malaria; however, it is unclear how these T cells are maintained. Persistent malaria infection promotes protection and generates both effector T cells (Teff), and effector memory T cells (Tem). We have previously defined new CD4 Teff (IL-7Rα-) subsets from Early (TeffEarly, CD62LhiCD27+) to Late (TeffLate, CD62LloCD27-) activation states. Here, we tested these effector and memory T cell subsets for their ability to survive and protect in vivo. We found that both polyclonal and P. chabaudi Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (MSP-1)-specific B5 TCR transgenic Tem survive better than Teff. Surprisingly, as Tem are associated with antigen persistence, Tem survive well even after clearance of infection. As previously shown during T cell contraction, TeffEarly, which can generate Tem, also survive better than other Teff subsets in uninfected recipients. Two other Tem survival mechanisms identified here are that low-level chronic infection promotes Tem both by driving their proliferation, and by programming production of Tem from Tcm. Protective CD4 T cell phenotypes have not been precisely determined in malaria, or other persistent infections. Therefore, we tested purified memory (Tmem) and Teff subsets in protection from peak pathology and parasitemia in immunocompromised recipient mice. Strikingly, among Tmem (IL-7Rαhi) subsets, only TemLate (CD62LloCD27-) reduced peak parasitemia (19%), though the dominant memory subset is TemEarly, which is not protective. In contrast, all Teff subsets reduced peak parasitemia by more than half, and mature Teff can generate Tem, though less. In summary, we have elucidated four mechanisms of Tem maintenance, and identified two long-lived T cell subsets (TemLate, TeffEarly) that may represent correlates of protection or a target for longer-lived vaccine-induced protection against malaria blood-stages. Malaria causes significant mortality but current vaccine candidates have poor efficacy and duration, as does natural immunity to malaria. T helper cells (CD4+) are essential to protection from malaria, but it is unknown what kinds of T cells would be both protective and long-lasting. Here, we explored the mechanisms of survival used by memory T cells in malaria, and their ability to protect immunodeficient animals from malaria. We identified four mechanisms by which memory T cells are maintained in chronic infection. We also showed that highly activated effector T cells protect better than memory T cells in general, however, effector T cells have a shorter lifespan suggesting a mechanism for short-lived immunity. In total, we identified two protective T cell subsets that are long-lived. Unfortunately, the memory T cell subset that protects, is not the predominant memory T cell population generated by natural infection, suggesting a mechanism for the poor immunity seen in malaria. Our work suggests that vaccines that induce these two T cell subsets may improve on current immunity from malaria infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Opata
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Samad A. Ibitokou
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Victor H. Carpio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Karis M. Marshall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Dillon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jordan C. Carl
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Kyle D. Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Arcari
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Robin Stephens
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Jandus C, Usatorre AM, Viganò S, Zhang L, Romero P. The Vast Universe of T Cell Diversity: Subsets of Memory Cells and Their Differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1514:1-17. [PMID: 27787788 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6548-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor confers specificity for antigen recognition to T cells. By the first encounter with the cognate antigen, reactive T cells initiate a program of expansion and differentiation that will define not only the ultimate quantity of specific cells that will be generated, but more importantly their quality and functional heterogeneity. Recent achievements using mouse model infection systems have helped to shed light into the complex network of factors that dictate and sustain memory T cell differentiation, ranging from antigen load, TCR signal strength, metabolic fitness, transcriptional programs, and proliferative potential. The different models of memory T cell differentiation are discussed in this chapter, and key phenotypic and functional attributes of memory T cell subsets are presented, both for mouse and human cells. Therapeutic manipulation of memory T cell generation is expected to provide novel unique ways to optimize current immunotherapies, both in infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Jandus
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Biopole III, CB02, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Amaia Martínez Usatorre
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Biopole III, CB02, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Selena Viganò
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Biopole III, CB02, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Biopole III, CB02, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Biopole III, CB02, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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38
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Clemente-Casares X, Hosseinzadeh S, Barbu I, Dick SA, Macklin JA, Wang Y, Momen A, Kantores C, Aronoff L, Farno M, Lucas TM, Avery J, Zarrin-Khat D, Elsaesser HJ, Razani B, Lavine KJ, Husain M, Brooks DG, Robbins CS, Cybulsky M, Epelman S. A CD103 + Conventional Dendritic Cell Surveillance System Prevents Development of Overt Heart Failure during Subclinical Viral Myocarditis. Immunity 2017; 47:974-989.e8. [PMID: 29166591 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune cells modulate heart failure pathogenesis during viral myocarditis, yet their identities and functions remain poorly defined. We utilized a combination of genetic fate mapping, parabiotic, transcriptional, and functional analyses and demonstrated that the heart contained two major conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subsets, CD103+ and CD11b+, which differentially relied on local proliferation and precursor recruitment to maintain their tissue residency. Following viral infection of the myocardium, cDCs accumulated in the heart coincident with monocyte infiltration and loss of resident reparative embryonic-derived cardiac macrophages. cDC depletion abrogated antigen-specific CD8+ T cell proliferative expansion, transforming subclinical cardiac injury to overt heart failure. These effects were mediated by CD103+ cDCs, which are dependent on the transcription factor BATF3 for their development. Collectively, our findings identified resident cardiac cDC subsets, defined their origins, and revealed an essential role for CD103+ cDCs in antigen-specific T cell responses during subclinical viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Siyavash Hosseinzadeh
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Iulia Barbu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sarah A Dick
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jillian A Macklin
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Yiming Wang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Abdul Momen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Crystal Kantores
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Laura Aronoff
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | | | - Tiffany M Lucas
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan Avery
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dorrin Zarrin-Khat
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Heidi J Elsaesser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Immune Therapy Program, UHN, Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Babak Razani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A1, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A1, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Immune Therapy Program, UHN, Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A1, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Myron Cybulsky
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Slava Epelman
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A1, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Haddadi S, Thanthrige-Don N, Afkhami S, Khera A, Jeyanathan M, Xing Z. Expression and role of VLA-1 in resident memory CD8 T cell responses to respiratory mucosal viral-vectored immunization against tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9525. [PMID: 28842633 PMCID: PMC5573413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung resident memory T cells (TRM) characterized by selective expression of mucosal integrins VLA-1 (α1β1) and CD103 (αEβ7) are generated following primary respiratory viral infections. Despite recent progress, the generation of lung TRM and the role of mucosal integrins following viral vector respiratory mucosal immunization still remains poorly understood. Here by using a replication-defective viral vector tuberculosis vaccine, we show that lung Ag-specific CD8 T cells express both VLA-1 and CD103 following respiratory mucosal immunization. However, VLA-1 and CD103 are acquired in differential tissue sites with the former acquired during T cell priming in the draining lymph nodes and the latter acquired after T cells entered the lung. Once in the lung, Ag-specific CD8 T cells continue to express VLA-1 at high levels through the effector/expansion, contraction, and memory phases of T cell responses. Using a functional VLA-1 blocking mAb, we show that VLA-1 is not required for trafficking of these cells to the lung, but it negatively regulates them in the contraction phase. Furthermore, VLA-1 plays a negligible role in the maintenance of these cells in the lung. Our study provides new information on vaccine-inducible lung TRM and shall help develop effective viral vector respiratory mucosal tuberculosis vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Haddadi
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niroshan Thanthrige-Don
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amandeep Khera
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. .,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Modelling multi-site transmission of the human papillomavirus and its impact on vaccination effectiveness. Epidemics 2017; 21:80-87. [PMID: 28916210 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous HPV models have only included genital transmission, when evidence suggests that transmission between several anatomical sites occurs. We compared model predictions of population-level HPV vaccination effectiveness against genital HPV16 infection in women, using a 1) uni-site (genital site), and a 2) multi-site model (genital and one extragenital site). METHODS We developed a uni-site and a multi-site deterministic HPV transmission model, assuming natural immunity was either site-specific or systemic. Both models were calibrated to genital HPV16 prevalence (5%-7.5%), whilst the multi-site model was calibrated to HPV16 prevalence representative of oral (0%-1%) and anal (1%-7.5%) sites. For each model, we identified 2500 parameter sets that fit endemic genital and extragenital prevalences within pre-specified target ranges. In the Base-case analysis, vaccination was girls-only with 40% coverage. Vaccine efficacy was 100% for all sites with lifetime protection. The outcome was the relative reduction in genital HPV16 prevalence among women at post-vaccination equilibrium (RRprev). RRprev was stratified by extragenital prevalence pre-vaccination. RESULTS Under assumptions of site-specific immunity, RRprev with the multi-site model was generally greater than with the uni-site model. Differences between the uni-site and multi-site models were greater when transmission from the extragenital site to the genital site was high. Under assumptions of systemic immunity, the multi-site and uni-site models yielded similar RRprev in the scenario without immunity after extragenital infection. In the scenario with systemic immunity after extragenital infection, the multi-site model yielded lower predictions of RRprev than the uni-site model. CONCLUSIONS Modelling genital-site only transmission may overestimate vaccination impact if extragenital infections contribute to systemic natural immunity or underestimate vaccination impact if a high proportion of genital infections originate from extragenital infections. Under current understanding of heterosexual HPV transmission and immunity, a substantial bias from using uni-site models in predicting vaccination effectiveness against genital HPV infection is unlikely to occur.
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41
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CXCL10/CXCR3-Dependent Mobilization of Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific CD8 + T EM and CD8 + T RM Cells within Infected Tissues Allows Efficient Protection against Recurrent Herpesvirus Infection and Disease. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00278-17. [PMID: 28468883 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00278-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes latency within the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglia (TG). HSV-specific memory CD8+ T cells play a critical role in preventing HSV-1 reactivation from TG and subsequent virus shedding in tears that trigger recurrent corneal herpetic disease. The CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10)/CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) chemokine pathway promotes T cell immunity to many viral pathogens, but its importance in CD8+ T cell immunity to recurrent herpes has been poorly elucidated. In this study, we determined how the CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway affects TG- and cornea-resident CD8+ T cell responses to recurrent ocular herpesvirus infection and disease using a well-established murine model in which HSV-1 reactivation was induced from latently infected TG by UV-B light. Following UV-B-induced HSV-1 reactivation, a significant increase in both the number and function of HSV-specific CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells was detected in TG and corneas of protected C57BL/6 (B6) mice, but not in TG and corneas of nonprotected CXCL10-/- or CXCR3-/- deficient mice. This increase was associated with a significant reduction in both virus shedding and recurrent corneal herpetic disease. Furthermore, delivery of exogenous CXCL10 chemokine in TG of CXCL10-/- mice, using the neurotropic adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) vector, boosted the number and function of effector memory CD8+ T cells (TEM) and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM), but not of central memory CD8+ T cells (TCM), locally within TG, and improved protection against recurrent herpesvirus infection and disease in CXCL10-/- deficient mice. These findings demonstrate that the CXCL10/CXCR3 chemokine pathway is critical in shaping CD8+ T cell immunity, locally within latently infected tissues, which protects against recurrent herpesvirus infection and disease.IMPORTANCE We determined how the CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway affects CD8+ T cell responses to recurrent ocular herpesvirus infection and disease. Using a well-established murine model, in which HSV-1 reactivation in latently infected trigeminal ganglia was induced by UV-B light, we demonstrated that lack of either CXCL10 chemokine or its CXCR3 receptor compromised the mobilization of functional CD8+ TEM and CD8+ TRM cells within latently infected trigeminal ganglia following virus reactivation. This lack of T cell mobilization was associated with an increase in recurrent ocular herpesvirus infection and disease. Inversely, augmenting the amount of CXCL10 in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected CXCL10-deficient mice significantly restored the number of local antiviral CD8+ TEM and CD8+ TRM cells associated with protection against recurrent ocular herpes. Based on these findings, a novel "prime/pull" therapeutic ocular herpes vaccine strategy is proposed and discussed.
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Rozenvald IB, Richardson MD, Brock L, Maiese RL. Immunohistochemical Detection of Hairy Cell Leukemia in Paraffin Sections: The Role of Pax5 and CD103 Double Staining to Improve Specificity and Sensitivity. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:837-840. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0215-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context.—
In hematopathology practice, abnormal expression of CD103 on B cells is detected by flow cytometry in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and, in combination with other phenotypic and morphologic findings, provides diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Immunostaining on paraffin sections makes it possible to perform immunophenotyping in situ. However, normal bone marrow contains CD103-positive cells, which are not B cells, making it difficult to be certain about low-level involvement by HCL.
Objective.—
To develop dual immunostaining for confirmation that CD103 is expressed in B cells, which may be highly desirable in assessing low-level involvement by HCL.
Design.—
We developed a dual immunostaining approach using a B-cell marker, Pax5, expressed in the nucleus, in combination with a membrane marker, CD103.
Results.—
We analyzed 6 HCLs, 7 marginal zone lymphomas, 12 lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas, 7 follicular lymphomas, 5 chronic lymphocytic leukemias, 5 mantle cell lymphomas, 1 multiple myeloma (lymphocytic variant), and 3 bone marrows not involved by any B-cell neoplasm. Our dual staining approach confirmed that only the neoplastic cells of HCL were positive for both CD103 and Pax5.
Conclusions.—
This dual-staining method is particularly helpful in cases with low-level involvement by HCL and can be used for determining minimal residual disease after treatment.
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Prasad S, Hu S, Sheng WS, Chauhan P, Singh A, Lokensgard JR. The PD-1: PD-L1 pathway promotes development of brain-resident memory T cells following acute viral encephalitis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:82. [PMID: 28407741 PMCID: PMC5390367 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that during acute viral brain infection, glial cells modulate antiviral T cell effector responses through the PD-1: PD-L1 pathway, thereby limiting the deleterious consequences of unrestrained neuroinflammation. Here, we evaluated the PD-1: PD-L1 pathway in development of brain-resident memory T cells (bTRM) following murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Methods Flow cytometric analysis of immune cells was performed at 7, 14, and 30 days post-infection (dpi) to assess the shift of brain-infiltrating CD8+ T cell populations from short-lived effector cells (SLEC) to memory precursor effector cells (MPEC), as well as generation of bTRMs. Results In wild-type (WT) animals, we observed a switch in the phenotype of brain-infiltrating CD8+ T cell populations from KLRG1+ CD127− (SLEC) to KLRG1− CD127+ (MPEC) during transition from acute through chronic phases of infection. At 14 and 30 dpi, the majority of CD8+ T cells expressed CD127, a marker of memory cells. In contrast, fewer CD8+ T cells expressed CD127 within brains of infected, PD-L1 knockout (KO) animals. Notably, in WT mice, a large population of CD8+ T cells was phenotyped as CD103+ CD69+, markers of bTRM, and differences were observed in the numbers of these cells when compared to PD-L1 KOs. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that brain-resident CD103+ bTRM cells were localized to the parenchyma. Higher frequencies of CXCR3 were also observed among WT animals in contrast to PD-L1 KOs. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicate that bTRMs are present within the CNS following viral infection and the PD-1: PD-L1 pathway plays a role in the generation of this brain-resident population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0860-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Prasad
- Department of Medicine, Neurovirology Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23rd Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Shuxian Hu
- Department of Medicine, Neurovirology Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23rd Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Wen S Sheng
- Department of Medicine, Neurovirology Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23rd Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Priyanka Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, Neurovirology Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23rd Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Department of Medicine, Neurovirology Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23rd Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - James R Lokensgard
- Department of Medicine, Neurovirology Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23rd Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Wang H, Li J, Han Q, Yang F, Xiao Y, Xiao M, Xu Y, Su L, Cui N, Liu D. IL-12 Influence mTOR to Modulate CD8 + T Cells Differentiation through T-bet and Eomesodermin in Response to Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:977-983. [PMID: 28924369 PMCID: PMC5599921 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.20212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether mTOR signaling pathway regulate the proliferation and differentiation of CD8+ T cells by transcription factors T-bet and Eomes, and explore the role of IL-12 in this biological procedure. Methods: Aspergillus fumigatus spore suspension nasal inhalation was used to establish the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) mouse model. After inoculation, rapamycin (2mg/kg) each day or IL-12 (5ug/kg) every other day was given for 7 days. The blood samples were obtained before the mice sacrificed and lung specimens were taken. Pathological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The number of CD8+effective memory T cells (Tem) and the expression of IFN-γ, mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), T-bet and EOMES were measured by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-6, IL-10 and Galactomannan (GM) were determined by ELISA. Results: After IL-12 treatment, the number of CD8+ Tem and the expression of IFN-γ increased significantly; while quite the opposite results were observed when the mTOR pathway was blocked by rapamycin. The expression of mTOR and S6K as well as the level of IFN-γ of the IL-12 treatment group were significantly higher than those in IPA and IPA + rapamycin groups. In addition, IL-12 promoted increasing T-bet and down regulating Eomes to make the Tem transformation. The final immune effector was high level of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and low level of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) and this strengthened immune response to the Aspergillus infection. Conclusions: The biological effects of Tem could significantly affect IPA infection host immune regulation, which depended on the activation of mTOR signaling pathway by IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, 4 th Peoples' Hospital of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiyang Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dalizhou People's Hospital, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chifeng City Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science
| | - Longxiang Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Na Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Bartelt LA, Bolick DT, Kolling GL, Roche JK, Zaenker EI, Lara AM, Noronha FJ, Cowardin CA, Moore JH, Turner JR, Warren CA, Buck GA, Guerrant RL. Cryptosporidium Priming Is More Effective than Vaccine for Protection against Cryptosporidiosis in a Murine Protein Malnutrition Model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004820. [PMID: 27467505 PMCID: PMC4965189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a major cause of severe diarrhea, especially in malnourished children. Using a murine model of C. parvum oocyst challenge that recapitulates clinical features of severe cryptosporidiosis during malnutrition, we interrogated the effect of protein malnutrition (PM) on primary and secondary responses to C. parvum challenge, and tested the differential ability of mucosal priming strategies to overcome the PM-induced susceptibility. We determined that while PM fundamentally alters systemic and mucosal primary immune responses to Cryptosporidium, priming with C. parvum (106 oocysts) provides robust protective immunity against re-challenge despite ongoing PM. C. parvum priming restores mucosal Th1-type effectors (CD3+CD8+CD103+ T-cells) and cytokines (IFNγ, and IL12p40) that otherwise decrease with ongoing PM. Vaccination strategies with Cryptosporidium antigens expressed in the S. Typhi vector 908htr, however, do not enhance Th1-type responses to C. parvum challenge during PM, even though vaccination strongly boosts immunity in challenged fully nourished hosts. Remote non-specific exposures to the attenuated S. Typhi vector alone or the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN-1668 can partially attenuate C. parvum severity during PM, but neither as effectively as viable C. parvum priming. We conclude that although PM interferes with basal and vaccine-boosted immune responses to C. parvum, sustained reductions in disease severity are possible through mucosal activators of host defenses, and specifically C. parvum priming can elicit impressively robust Th1-type protective immunity despite ongoing protein malnutrition. These findings add insight into potential correlates of Cryptosporidium immunity and future vaccine strategies in malnourished children. Cryptosporidium attributable morbidities in malnourished children are increasingly recognized. Exactly how malnutrition interferes with host mucosal immunity to diarrheal pathogens and mucosal vaccine responses remains unclear. Dissecting these interactions in an experimental model of cryptosporidiosis can uncover new insights into novel therapeutic approaches against a pathogen for which effective therapies and vaccines are currently unavailable. We demonstrate that although malnutrition diminishes baseline (primary) Th1-type mucosal immunity these deficits can be partially overcome via non-specific mucosal strategies (S. Typhi and CpG) and completely restored after a sub-clinical (low-dose) exposure to viable C. parvum. These results add insight into preventive strategies to help alleviate Cryptosporidium-specific diarrhea in children in low-resource settings and abrogate prolonged post-infection sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther A. Bartelt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David T. Bolick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Glynis L. Kolling
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - James K. Roche
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Edna I. Zaenker
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ana M. Lara
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Francisco Jose Noronha
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Carrie A. Cowardin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John H. Moore
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine—Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cirle A. Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Buck
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Richard L. Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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Park SL, Mackay LK, Gebhardt T. Distinct recirculation potential of CD69 +CD103 - and CD103 + thymic memory CD8 + T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:975-980. [PMID: 27328704 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells occupy peripheral and lymphoid tissues where they confer protection against local infection. While epithelial CD8+ TRM cells coexpress CD69 and CD103, CD103- memory cells have been described in various organs and are often presumed non-recirculating based on their expression of CD69. We found that both CD69+CD103+ and CD69+CD103- memory cells populated the thymus upon transfer of CD8+ effector T cells into uninfected recipients. Transcriptionally and phenotypically, CD103+ thymic cells resembled non-lymphoid TRM cells, whereas CD69+CD103- cells displayed a profile that was more closely related to recirculating cells. Although CD69 was required for optimal CD103+ TRM formation, its expression alone did not identify permanently resident cells, as CD69+CD103- cells disappeared from the thymus following antibody-mediated depletion of recirculating cells. Our findings highlight a distinct migration potential of phenotypically divergent thymic CD8+ memory T cells and emphasise the inadequacy of CD69 as a marker of tissue residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Cauley LS. Environmental cues orchestrate regional immune surveillance and protection by pulmonary CTLs. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:905-912. [PMID: 27317751 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1mr0216-074r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) provide preemptive immunity against infections that begin in peripheral tissues by guarding the site of initial pathogen exposure. Their role in immunity to respiratory virus infection is particularly important because severe damage to the alveoli can be avoided when local populations of TRM cells reduce viral burdens and dampen the responses of effector CD8 T cells in the lungs. Although a connection between rapid immune activation and early viral control is well established, the signals that keep TRM cells poised for action in the local tissues remain poorly defined. Recent studies have shown that environmental cues influence the fate decisions of activated CTLs during memory formation. Manipulation of these signaling pathways could provide new ways to capitalize on protection from TRM cells in mucosal tissues, while reducing collateral damage and pathology during vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Cauley
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Medical School, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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48
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Boutet M, Gauthier L, Leclerc M, Gros G, de Montpreville V, Théret N, Donnadieu E, Mami-Chouaib F. TGFβ Signaling Intersects with CD103 Integrin Signaling to Promote T-Lymphocyte Accumulation and Antitumor Activity in the Lung Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1757-69. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Owens GC, Chang JW, Huynh MN, Chirwa T, Vinters HV, Mathern GW. Evidence for Resident Memory T Cells in Rasmussen Encephalitis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:64. [PMID: 26941743 PMCID: PMC4763066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neuroinflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by intractable seizures, and progressive atrophy usually confined to one cerebral hemisphere. Surgical removal or disconnection of the affected cerebral hemisphere is currently the only intervention that effectively stops the seizures. Histopathological evaluation of resected brain tissue has shown that activated brain resident macrophages (microglia) and infiltrating T cells are involved in the inflammatory reaction. Here, we report that T cells isolated from seven RE brain surgery specimens express the resident memory T cell (TRM) marker CD103. CD103 was expressed by >50% of CD8+ αβ T cells and γδ T cells irrespective of the length of time from seizure onset to surgery, which ranged from 0.3 to 8.4 years. Only ~10% of CD4+ αβ were CD103+, which was consistent with the observation that few CD4+ T cells are found in RE brain parenchyma. Clusters of T cells in brain parenchyma, which are a characteristic of RE histopathology, stained for CD103. Less than 10% of T cells isolated from brain specimens from eight surgical cases of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), a condition that is also characterized by intractable seizures, were CD103+. In contrast to the RE cases, the percent of CD103+ T cells increased with the length of time from seizure onset to surgery. In sections of brain tissue from the FCD cases, T cells were predominantly found around blood vessels, and did not stain for CD103. The presence of significant numbers of TRM cells in RE brain irrespective of the length of time between clinical presentation and surgical intervention supports the conclusion that a cellular immune response to an as yet unidentified antigen(s) occurs at an early stage of the disease. Reactivated TRM cells may contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey C Owens
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Julia W Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - My N Huynh
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Thabiso Chirwa
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gary W Mathern
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Di Rosa F, Gebhardt T. Bone Marrow T Cells and the Integrated Functions of Recirculating and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:51. [PMID: 26909081 PMCID: PMC4754413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in T cell trafficking accompany the naive to memory T cell antigen-driven differentiation, which remains an incompletely defined developmental step. Upon priming, each naive T cell encounters essential signals – i.e., antigen, co-stimuli and cytokines – in a secondary lymphoid organ; nevertheless, its daughter effector and memory T cells recirculate and receive further signals during their migration through various lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. These additional signals from tissue microenvironments have an impact on immune response features, including T cell effector function, expansion and contraction, memory differentiation, long-term maintenance, and recruitment upon antigenic rechallenge into local and/or systemic responses. The critical role of T cell trafficking in providing efficient T cell memory has long been a focus of interest. It is now well recognized that naive and memory T cells have different migratory pathways, and that memory T cells are heterogeneous with respect to their trafficking. We and others have observed that, long time after priming, memory T cells are preferentially found in certain niches such as the bone marrow (BM) or at the skin/mucosal site of pathogen entry, even in the absence of residual antigen. The different underlying mechanisms and peculiarities of resulting immunity are currently under study. In this review, we summarize key findings on BM and tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells and revisit some issues in memory T cell maintenance within such niches. Moreover, we discuss BM seeding by memory T cells in the context of migration patterns and protective functions of either recirculating or TRM T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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