1
|
Budair FM, Nomura T, Hirata M, Kabashima K. PNAd-expressing vessels characterize the dermis of CD3+ T-cell-mediated cutaneous diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:80-88. [PMID: 38227774 PMCID: PMC10929698 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell recruitment to skin tissues is essential for inflammation in different cutaneous diseases; however, the mechanisms by which these T cells access the skin remain unclear. High endothelial venules expressing peripheral node address in (PNAd), an L-selectin ligand, are located in secondary lymphoid organs and are responsible for increasing T-cell influx into the lymphoid tissues. They are also found in non-lymphoid tissues during inflammation. However, their presence in different common inflammatory cutaneous diseases and their correlation with T-cell infiltration remain unclear. Herein, we explored the mechanisms underlying the access of T cells to the skin by investigating the presence of PNAd-expressing vessels in different cutaneous diseases, and its correlation with T cells' presence. Skin sections of 43 patients with different diseases were subjected to immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining to examine the presence of PNAd-expressing vessels in the dermis. The correlation of the percentage of these vessels in the dermis of these patients with the severity/grade of CD3+ T-cell infiltration was assessed. PNAd-expressing vessels were commonly found in the skin of patients with different inflammatory diseases. A high percentage of these vessels in the dermis was associated with increased severity of CD3+ T-cell infiltration (P < 0.05). Additionally, CD3+ T cells were found both around the PNAd-expressing vessels and within the vessel lumen. PNAd-expressing vessels in cutaneous inflammatory diseases, characterized by CD3+ T-cell infiltration, could be a crucial entry point for T cells into the skin. Thus, selective targeting of these vessels could be beneficial in cutaneous inflammatory disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Mohammad Budair
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahd University Hospital, Alkhobar, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Drug Development for Intractable Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Schaefer C, Jiang W, Lu Z, Lee J, Sziraki A, Abdulraouf A, Wick B, Haeussler M, Li Z, Molla G, Satija R, Zhou W, Cao J. A Panoramic View of Cell Population Dynamics in Mammalian Aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.01.583001. [PMID: 38496474 PMCID: PMC10942312 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.01.583001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
To elucidate the aging-associated cellular population dynamics throughout the body, here we present PanSci, a single-cell transcriptome atlas profiling over 20 million cells from 623 mouse tissue samples, encompassing a range of organs across different life stages, sexes, and genotypes. This comprehensive dataset allowed us to identify more than 3,000 unique cellular states and catalog over 200 distinct aging-associated cell populations experiencing significant depletion or expansion. Our panoramic analysis uncovered temporally structured, organ- and lineage-specific shifts of cellular dynamics during lifespan progression. Moreover, we investigated aging-associated alterations in immune cell populations, revealing both widespread shifts and organ-specific changes. We further explored the regulatory roles of the immune system on aging and pinpointed specific age-related cell population expansions that are lymphocyte-dependent. The breadth and depth of our 'cell-omics' methodology not only enhance our comprehension of cellular aging but also lay the groundwork for exploring the complex regulatory networks among varied cell types in the context of aging and aging-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Zhang
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chloe Schaefer
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weirong Jiang
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziyu Lu
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasper Lee
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andras Sziraki
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abdulraouf Abdulraouf
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional M.D-Ph.D Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brittney Wick
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Zhuoyan Li
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rahul Satija
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junyue Cao
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saijo A, Ogino H, Butowski NA, Tedesco MR, Gibson D, Watchmaker PB, Okada K, Wang AS, Shai A, Salazar AM, Molinaro AM, Rabbitt JE, Shahin M, Perry A, Clarke JL, Taylor JW, Daras M, Oberheim Bush NA, Hervey-Jumper SL, Phillips JJ, Chang SM, Hilf N, Mayer-Mokler A, Keler T, Berger MS, Okada H. A combinatory vaccine with IMA950 plus varlilumab promotes effector memory T-cell differentiation in the peripheral blood of patients with low-grade gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:335-347. [PMID: 37758193 PMCID: PMC10836773 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) WHO grade 2 low-grade glioma (LGG) patients are at high risk for recurrence and with unfavorable long-term prognosis due to the treatment resistance and malignant transformation to high-grade glioma. Considering the relatively intact systemic immunity and slow-growing nature, immunotherapy may offer an effective treatment option for LGG patients. METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized pilot study to evaluate the safety and immunological response of the multipeptide IMA950 vaccine with agonistic anti-CD27 antibody, varlilumab, in CNS WHO grade 2 LGG patients. Patients were randomized to receive combination therapy with IMA950 + poly-ICLC and varlilumab (Arm 1) or IMA950 + poly-ICLC (Arm 2) before surgery, followed by adjuvant vaccines. RESULTS A total of 14 eligible patients were enrolled in the study. Four patients received pre-surgery vaccines but were excluded from postsurgery vaccines due to the high-grade diagnosis of the resected tumor. No regimen-limiting toxicity was observed. All patients demonstrated a significant increase of anti-IMA950 CD8+ T-cell response postvaccine in the peripheral blood, but no IMA950-reactive CD8+ T cells were detected in the resected tumor. Mass cytometry analyses revealed that adding varlilumab promoted T helper type 1 effector memory CD4+ and effector memory CD8+ T-cell differentiation in the PBMC but not in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION The combinational immunotherapy, including varlilumab, was well-tolerated and induced vaccine-reactive T-cell expansion in the peripheral blood but without a detectable response in the tumor. Further developments of strategies to overcome the blood-tumor barrier are warranted to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for LGG patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Saijo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokushima Prefecture Naruto Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ogino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nicholas A Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meghan R Tedesco
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Gibson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Payal B Watchmaker
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaori Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Albert S Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anny Shai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jane E Rabbitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Shahin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arie Perry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Clarke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennie W Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mariza Daras
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Ann Oberheim Bush
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shawn L Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Hilf
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Mayer-Mokler
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Theraepeutics, Inc., Hampton, NJ, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Melssen MM, Sheybani ND, Leick KM, Slingluff CL. Barriers to immune cell infiltration in tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006401. [PMID: 37072352 PMCID: PMC10124321 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased immune cell infiltration into tumors is associated with improved patient survival and predicts response to immune therapies. Thus, identification of factors that determine the extent of immune infiltration is crucial, so that methods to intervene on these targets can be developed. T cells enter tumor tissues through the vasculature, and under control of interactions between homing receptors on the T cells and homing receptor ligands (HRLs) expressed by tumor vascular endothelium and tumor cell nests. HRLs are often deficient in tumors, and there also may be active barriers to infiltration. These remain understudied but may be crucial for enhancing immune-mediated cancer control. Multiple intratumoral and systemic therapeutic approaches show promise to enhance T cell infiltration, including both approved therapies and experimental therapies. This review highlights the intracellular and extracellular determinants of immune cell infiltration into tumors, barriers to infiltration, and approaches for intervention to enhance infiltration and response to immune therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marit M Melssen
- Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natasha D Sheybani
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Differential Homing Receptor Profiles of Lymphocytes Induced by Attenuated versus Live Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101768. [PMID: 36298634 PMCID: PMC9611729 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of an adaptive immune response provides the signals required for differentiation of antigen-specific lymphocytes into effector cells and imprinting of these cells for re-circulation to the most appropriate anatomical site (i.e., homing). Lymphocyte homing is governed by the expression of tissue-specific lymphocyte homing receptors that bind to unique tissue-specific ligands on endothelial cells. In this study, a whole-parasite malaria vaccine (radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS)) was used as a model system to establish homing receptor signatures induced by the parasite delivered through mosquito bite to provide a benchmark of desirable homing receptors for malaria vaccine developers. This immunization regimen resulted in the priming of antigen-specific B cells and CD8+ T cells for homing primarily to the skin and T/B cell compartments of secondary lymphoid organs. Infection with live sporozoites, however, triggers the upregulation of homing receptor for the liver and the skin, demonstrating that there is a difference in the signal provided by attenuated vs. live sporozoites. This is the first report on imprinting of homing routes by Plasmodium sporozoites and, surprisingly, it also points to additional, yet to be identified, signals provided by live parasites that prime lymphocytes for homing to the liver. The data also demonstrate the utility of this method for assessing the potential of vaccine formulations to direct antigen-specific lymphocytes to the most relevant anatomical site, thus potentially impacting vaccine efficacy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Han Lew M, Nor Norazmi M, Nordin F, Jun Tye G. A novel peptide vaccination augments cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis HspX antigen. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
7
|
Sohn M, Na HY, Shin HS, Ryu SH, Park S, In H, Choi W, Park JS, Hwang S, Chu MK, Park CG. Global Gene Expression of T Cells Is Differentially Regulated by Peritoneal Dendritic Cell Subsets in an IL-2 Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2021; 12:648348. [PMID: 34079542 PMCID: PMC8165281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) in peripheral tissues may have a unique role to regulate innate and adaptive immune responses to antigens that enter the tissues. Peritoneal cavity is the body compartment surrounding various tissues and organs and housing diverse immune cells. Here, we investigated the specialized features of classical DC (cDC) subsets following the intraperitoneal injection of a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Peritoneal cDC1s were superior to cDC2s in activating OVA-specific CD8 T cells, while both cDCs were similar in stimulating OVA-specific CD4 T cells. Each peritoneal cDC subset differentially regulated the homing properties of CD8 T cells. CD8 T cells stimulated by cDC1s displayed a higher level of lung-homing receptor CCR4, whereas those stimulated by cDC2s prominently expressed various homing receptors including gut-homing molecules CCR9 and α4β7. Also, we found that cDC1s played a dominating role over cDC2s in controlling the overall gene expression of CD8 T cells. Soluble factor(s) emanating from CD8 T cells stimulated by peritoneal cDC1s were responsible for mediating this dominance of cDC1s, and we identified IL-2 as a soluble factor regulating the global gene expression of T cells. Collectively, our study indicates that different peritoneal cDC subsets effectively diversify T cell responses by altering the level of cytokines, such as IL-2, in the milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moah Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Na
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seul Hye Ryu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sejung Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunju In
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wanho Choi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soomin Hwang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chu
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae Gyu Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, GENUV Inc., Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren X, Getschman AE, Hwang S, Volkman BF, Klonisch T, Levin D, Zhao M, Santos S, Liu S, Cheng J, Lin F. Investigations on T cell transmigration in a human skin-on-chip (SoC) model. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1527-1539. [PMID: 33616124 PMCID: PMC8058301 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidics-based three-dimensional skin-on-chip (SoC) model is developed in this study to enable quantitative studies of transendothelial and transepithelial migration of human T lymphocytes in mimicked skin inflammatory microenvironments and to test new drug candidates. The keys results include 1) CCL20-dependent T cell transmigration is significantly inhibited by an engineered CCL20 locked dimer (CCL20LD), supporting the potential immunotherapeutic use of CCL20LD for treating skin diseases such as psoriasis; 2) transepithelial migration of T cells in response to a CXCL12 gradient mimicking T cell egress from the skin is significantly reduced by a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) background, suggesting the role of S1P for T cell retention in inflamed skin tissues; and 3) T cell transmigration is induced by inflammatory cytokine stimulated epithelial cells in the SoC model. Collectively, the developed SoC model recreates a dynamic multi-cellular micro-environment that enables quantitative studies of T cell transmigration at a single cell level in response to physiological cutaneous inflammatory mediators and potential drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 30A Sifton Rd, 301 Allen Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. and Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Anthony E Getschman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Samuel Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - David Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA and Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Susy Santos
- Victoria General Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2E8, Canada
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jasmine Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 30A Sifton Rd, 301 Allen Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 30A Sifton Rd, 301 Allen Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. and Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada and Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA and Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aguilera-Durán G, Romo-Mancillas A. Computational Study of C-X-C Chemokine Receptor (CXCR)3 Binding with Its Natural Agonists Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand (CXCL)9, 10 and 11 and with Synthetic Antagonists: Insights of Receptor Activation towards Drug Design for Vitiligo. Molecules 2020; 25:E4413. [PMID: 32992956 PMCID: PMC7582348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a hypopigmentary skin pathology resulting from the death of melanocytes due to the activity of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes and overexpression of chemokines. These include CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 and its receptor CXCR3, both in peripheral cells of the immune system and in the skin of patients diagnosed with vitiligo. The three-dimensional structure of CXCR3 and CXCL9 has not been reported experimentally; thus, homology modeling and molecular dynamics could be useful for the study of this chemotaxis-promoter axis. In this work, a homology model of CXCR3 and CXCL9 and the structure of the CXCR3/Gαi/0βγ complex with post-translational modifications of CXCR3 are reported for the study of the interaction of chemokines with CXCR3 through all-atom (AA-MD) and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations. AA-MD and CG-MD simulations showed the first activation step of the CXCR3 receptor with all chemokines and the second activation step in the CXCR3-CXCL10 complex through a decrease in the distance between the chemokine and the transmembrane region of CXCR3 and the separation of the βγ complex from the α subunit in the G-protein. Additionally, a general protein-ligand interaction model was calculated, based on known antagonists binding to CXCR3. These results contribute to understanding the activation mechanism of CXCR3 and the design of new molecules that inhibit chemokine binding or antagonize the receptor, provoking a decrease of chemotaxis caused by the CXCR3/chemokines axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanny Aguilera-Durán
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Diseño Asistido por Computadora y Síntesis de Fármacos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Antonio Romo-Mancillas
- Laboratorio de Diseño Asistido por Computadora y Síntesis de Fármacos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mannie MD, DeOca KB, Bastian AG, Moorman CD. Tolerogenic vaccines: Targeting the antigenic and cytokine niches of FOXP3 + regulatory T cells. Cell Immunol 2020; 355:104173. [PMID: 32712270 PMCID: PMC7444458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) constitute a critical barrier that enforces tolerance to both the self-peptidome and the extended-self peptidome to ensure tissue-specific resistance to autoimmune, allergic, and other inflammatory disorders. Here, we review intuitive models regarding how T cell antigen receptor (TCR) specificity and antigen recognition efficiency shape the Treg and conventional T cell (Tcon) repertoires to adaptively regulate T cell maintenance, tissue-residency, phenotypic stability, and immune function in peripheral tissues. Three zones of TCR recognition efficiency are considered, including Tcon recognition of specific low-efficiency self MHC-ligands, Treg recognition of intermediate-efficiency agonistic self MHC-ligands, and Tcon recognition of cross-reactive high-efficiency agonistic foreign MHC-ligands. These respective zones of TCR recognition efficiency are key to understanding how tissue-resident immune networks integrate the antigenic complexity of local environments to provide adaptive decisions setting the balance of suppressive and immunogenic responses. Importantly, deficiencies in the Treg repertoire appear to be an important cause of chronic inflammatory disease. Deficiencies may include global deficiencies in Treg numbers or function, subtle 'holes in the Treg repertoire' in tissue-resident Treg populations, or simply Treg insufficiencies that are unable to counter an overwhelming molecular mimicry stimulus. Tolerogenic vaccination and Treg-based immunotherapy are two therapeutic modalities meant to restore dominance of Treg networks to reverse chronic inflammatory disease. Studies of these therapeutic modalities in a preclinical setting have provided insight into the Treg niche, including the concept that intermediate-efficiency TCR signaling, high IFN-β concentrations, and low IL-2 concentrations favor Treg responses and active dominant mechanisms of immune tolerance. Overall, the purpose here is to assimilate new and established concepts regarding how cognate TCR specificity of the Treg repertoire and the contingent cytokine networks provide a foundation for understanding Treg suppressive strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Mannie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States.
| | - Kayla B DeOca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Alexander G Bastian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Cody D Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raiter A, Lipovetzki J, Lubin I, Yerushalmi R. GRP78 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a new predictive marker for the benefit of taxanes in breast cancer neoadjuvant treatment. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:333. [PMID: 32306920 PMCID: PMC7168854 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer treatment is tailored to the specific cancer subtype. Often, systemic treatment is given prior to surgery. Chemotherapy induces significant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated cell death and upregulation of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). We hypothesized that chemotherapy induces ER stress not only in the tumor tissue but also in immune cells, which may affect the response to anti-cancer treatment. METHODS We determined the surface expression of GRP78 on 15 different peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subpopulations in 20 breast cancer patients at three time points of the neoadjuvant treatment, i.e., at baseline, after anthracycline treatment, and after taxanes treatment. For this purpose, we performed flow cytometric analyses and analyzed the data using ANOVA and the Tukey test. Serum cytokine levels were also evaluated, and their levels were correlated with response to treatment using the t-test after log transformation and Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon W test. RESULTS A significant increase in GRP78 expression in PBMCs was documented during the taxane phase, only in patients who achieved pathological complete response (pCR). GRP78-positive clones correlated with increased serum levels of interferon gamma (IFNγ). CONCLUSIONS The presence of GRP78-positive clones in certain PBMC subpopulations in pCR patients suggests a dynamic interaction between ER stress and immune responsiveness. The correlation of GRP78-positive clones with increased levels of IFNγ supports the idea that GRP78 expression in PBMCs might serve as a new predictive marker to identify the possible benefits of taxanes in the neoadjuvant setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annat Raiter
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Julia Lipovetzki
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ido Lubin
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Rinat Yerushalmi
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel.
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferber S, Gonzalez RJ, Cryer AM, von Andrian UH, Artzi N. Immunology-Guided Biomaterial Design for Mucosal Cancer Vaccines. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903847. [PMID: 31833592 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer of mucosal tissues is a major cause of worldwide mortality for which only palliative treatments are available for patients with late-stage disease. Engineered cancer vaccines offer a promising approach for inducing antitumor immunity. The route of vaccination plays a major role in dictating the migratory pattern of lymphocytes, and thus vaccine efficacy in mucosal tissues. Parenteral immunization, specifically subcutaneous and intramuscular, is the most common vaccination route. However, this induces marginal mucosal protection in the absence of tissue-specific imprinting signals. To circumvent this, the mucosal route can be utilized, however degradative mucosal barriers must be overcome. Hence, vaccine administration route and selection of materials able to surmount transport barriers are important considerations in mucosal cancer vaccine design. Here, an overview of mucosal immunity in the context of cancer and mucosal cancer clinical trials is provided. Key considerations are described regarding the design of biomaterial-based vaccines that will afford antitumor immune protection at mucosal surfaces, despite limited knowledge surrounding mucosal vaccination, particularly aided by biomaterials and mechanistic immune-material interactions. Finally, an outlook is given of how future biomaterial-based mucosal cancer vaccines will be shaped by new discoveries in mucosal vaccinology, tumor immunology, immuno-therapeutic screens, and material-immune system interplay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Ferber
- Department of Medicine, Engineering in Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rodrigo J Gonzalez
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander M Cryer
- Department of Medicine, Engineering in Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Department of Medicine, Engineering in Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The skin is the outermost organ of the body and is exposed to many kinds of external pathogens. To manage this, the skin contains multiple types of immune cells. To achieve sufficient induction of cutaneous adaptive immune responses, the antigen presentation/recognition in the skin is an essential process. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge of how T cells survey their cognate antigens in the skin. In addition, the formation of a lymphoid cluster, named inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue (iSALT), has been reported during skin inflammation. Although iSALT may not be classified as a typical tertiary lymphoid organ, it provides specific antigen presentation sites in the skin. In this article, we provide an overview of the antigen presentation mechanism in the skin, with a focus on the development of iSALT and its function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The emerging role of epigenetic therapeutics in immuno-oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 17:75-90. [PMID: 31548600 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen the emergence of immunotherapy as a prime approach to cancer treatment, revolutionizing the management of many types of cancer. Despite the promise of immunotherapy, most patients do not have a response or become resistant to treatment. Thus, identifying combinations that potentiate current immunotherapeutic approaches will be crucial. The combination of immune-checkpoint inhibition with epigenetic therapy is one such strategy that is being tested in clinical trials, encompassing a variety of cancer types. Studies have revealed key roles of epigenetic processes in regulating immune cell function and mediating antitumour immunity. These interactions make combined epigenetic therapy and immunotherapy an attractive approach to circumvent the limitations of immunotherapy alone. In this Review, we highlight the basic dynamic mechanisms underlying the synergy between immunotherapy and epigenetic therapies and detail current efforts to translate this knowledge into clinical benefit for patients.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dreis C, Ottenlinger FM, Putyrski M, Ernst A, Huhn M, Schmidt KG, Pfeilschifter JM, Radeke HH. Tissue Cytokine IL-33 Modulates the Cytotoxic CD8 T Lymphocyte Activity During Nutrient Deprivation by Regulation of Lineage-Specific Differentiation Programs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1698. [PMID: 31396219 PMCID: PMC6667839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1 family member IL-33 exerts a variety of immune activating and regulating properties and has recently been proposed as a prognostic biomarker for cancer diseases, although its precise role in tumor immunity is unclear. Here we analyzed in vitro conditions influencing the function of IL-33 as an alarmin and a co-factor for the activity of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in order to explain the widely discussed promiscuous behavior of IL-33 in vivo. Circulating IL-33 detected in the serum of healthy human volunteers was biologically inactive. Additionally, bioactivity of exogenous recombinant IL-33 was significantly reduced in plasma, suggesting local effects of IL-33, and inactivation in blood. Limited availability of nutrients in tissue causes necrosis and thus favors release of IL-33, which—as described before—leads to a locally high expression of the cytokine. The harsh conditions however influence T cell fitness and their responsiveness to stimuli. Nutrient deprivation and pharmacological inhibition of mTOR mediated a distinctive phenotype characterized by expression of IL-33 receptor ST2L on isolated CD8+ T cells, downregulation of CD8, a transitional CD45RAlowROlow phenotype and high expression of secondary lymphoid organ chemokine receptor CCR7. Under nutrient deprivation, IL-33 inhibited an IL-12 induced increase in granzyme B protein expression and increased expression of GATA3 and FOXP3 mRNA. IL-33 enhanced the TCR-dependent activation of CD8+ T cells and co-stimulated the IL-12/TCR-dependent expression of IFNγ. Respectively, GATA3 and FOXP3 mRNA were not regulated during TCR-dependent activation. TCR-dependent stimulation of PBMC, but not LPS, initiated mRNA expression of soluble IL-33 decoy receptor sST2, a control mechanism limiting IL-33 bioactivity to avoid uncontrolled inflammation. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the compartment-specific activity of IL-33. Furthermore, we newly describe conditions, which promote an IL-33-dependent induction of pro- or anti-inflammatory activity in CD8+ T cells during nutrient deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dreis
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian M Ottenlinger
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mateusz Putyrski
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Meik Huhn
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin G Schmidt
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef M Pfeilschifter
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinfried H Radeke
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McDaniel MM, Ganusov VV. Estimating Residence Times of Lymphocytes in Ovine Lymph Nodes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1492. [PMID: 31379805 PMCID: PMC6646577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of lymphocytes to recirculate between blood and secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen is well established. Sheep have been used as an experimental system to study lymphocyte recirculation for decades and multiple studies document accumulation and loss of intravenously (i.v.) transferred lymphocytes in efferent lymph of various ovine LNs. Yet, surprisingly little work has been done to accurately quantify the dynamics of lymphocyte exit from the LNs and to estimate the average residence times of lymphocytes in ovine LNs. In this work we developed a series of mathematical models based on fundamental principles of lymphocyte recirculation in the body under non-inflammatory (resting) conditions. Our analysis suggested that in sheep, recirculating lymphocytes spend on average 3 h in the spleen and 20 h in skin or gut-draining LNs with a distribution of residence times in LNs following a skewed gamma (lognormal-like) distribution. Our mathematical models also suggested an explanation for a puzzling observation of the long-term persistence of i.v. transferred lymphocytes in the efferent lymph of the prescapular LN (pLN); the model predicted that this is a natural consequence of long-term persistence of the transferred lymphocytes in circulation. We also found that lymphocytes isolated from the skin-draining pLN have a 2-fold increased entry rate into the pLN as opposed to the mesenteric (gut-draining) LN (mLN). Likewise, lymphocytes from mLN had a 3-fold increased entry rate into the mLN as opposed to entry rate into pLN. In contrast, these cannulation data could not be explained by preferential retention of cells in LNs of their origin. Taken together, our work illustrates the power of mathematical modeling in describing the kinetics of lymphocyte migration in sheep and provides quantitative estimates of lymphocyte residence times in ovine LNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. McDaniel
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Vitaly V. Ganusov
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Perica K, Palomba L, Brentjens RJ. Dawn of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1. [PMID: 33043278 DOI: 10.1002/acg2.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapies are now approved for the treatment of relapsed and refractory large cell lymphomas, with many others under development. The dawn of CAR T cell therapy in non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) has been characterized by rapid progress and high response rates, with a subset of patients experiencing durable benefit. In this review, we describe commercially available and investigational CAR T cell therapies, including product characteristics and clinical outcomes. We review patient selection, with an emphasis on sequencing cell therapy options in the refractory setting. Finally, we discuss durability of response, highlighting mechanisms of escape and investigational approaches to prevent and treat relapse after CAR T cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Perica
- Department of Medicine; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y, U.S.A
| | - Lia Palomba
- Department of Medicine; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y, U.S.A.,Cellular Therapeutics Center; Department of Medicine; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y, U.S.A
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y, U.S.A.,Cellular Therapeutics Center; Department of Medicine; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Melssen MM, Olson W, Wages NA, Capaldo BJ, Mauldin IS, Mahmutovic A, Hutchison C, Melief CJM, Bullock TN, Engelhard VH, Slingluff CL. Formation and phenotypic characterization of CD49a, CD49b and CD103 expressing CD8 T cell populations in human metastatic melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1490855. [PMID: 30288359 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1490855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins α1β1 (CD49a), α2β1 (CD49b) and αEβ7 (CD103) mediate retention of lymphocytes in peripheral tissues, and their expression is upregulated on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) compared to circulating lymphocytes. Little is known about what induces expression of these retention integrins (RI) nor whether RI define subsets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a specific phenotype. Human metastatic melanoma-derived CD8 TIL could be grouped into five subpopulations based on RI expression patterns: RIneg, CD49a+ only, CD49a+CD49b+, CD49a+CD103+, or positive for all three RI. A significantly larger fraction of the CD49a+ only subpopulation expressed multiple effector cytokines, whereas CD49a+CD103+ and CD49a+CD49b+ cells expressed IFNγ only. RIneg and CD49a+CD49b+CD103+ CD8 TIL subsets expressed significantly less effector cytokines overall. Interestingly, however, CD49a+CD49b+CD103+ CD8 expressed lowest CD127, and highest levels of perforin and exhaustion markers PD-1 and Tim3, suggesting selective exhaustion rather than conversion to memory. To gain insight into RI expression induction, normal donor PBMC were cultured with T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and/or cytokines. TCR stimulation alone induced two RI+ cell populations: CD49a single positive and CD49a+CD49b+ cells. TNFα and IL-2 each were capable of inducing these populations. Addition of TGFβ to TCR stimulation generated two additional populations; CD49a+CD49bnegCD103+ and CD49a+CD49b+CD103+. Taken together, our findings identify opportunities to modulate RI expression in the TME by cytokine therapies and to generate subsets with a specific RI repertoire in the interest of augmenting immune therapies for cancer or for modulating other immune-related diseases such as autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marit M Melssen
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.,Beirne Carter Center of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Walter Olson
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Nolan A Wages
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Brian J Capaldo
- Flow Core Cytometry Facility, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ileana S Mauldin
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Adela Mahmutovic
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Ciara Hutchison
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | - Timothy N Bullock
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Victor H Engelhard
- Beirne Carter Center of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mousset CM, Hobo W, Ji Y, Fredrix H, De Giorgi V, Allison RD, Kester MGD, Falkenburg JHF, Schaap NPM, Jansen JH, Gattinoni L, Dolstra H, van der Waart AB. Ex vivo AKT-inhibition facilitates generation of polyfunctional stem cell memory-like CD8 + T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1488565. [PMID: 30288356 PMCID: PMC6169586 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1488565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy has shown clinical potential for patients with cancer, though effective treatment is dependent on longevity and potency of the exploited tumor-reactive T cells. Previously, we showed that ex vivo inhibition of AKT using the research compound Akt-inhibitor VIII retained differentiation and improved functionality of minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA)-specific CD8+ T cells. Here, we compared a panel of clinically applicable AKT-inhibitors with an allosteric or adenosine triphosphate-competitive mode of action. We analyzed phenotype, functionality, metabolism and transcriptome of AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells using different T cell activation models. Most inhibitors facilitated T cell expansion while preserving an early memory phenotype, reflected by maintenance of CD62L, CCR7 and CXCR4 expression. Moreover, transcriptome profiling revealed that AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells clustered closely to naturally occurring stem cell-memory CD8+ T cells, while control T cells resembled effector-memory T cells. Interestingly, AKT-inhibited CD8+ T cells showed enrichment of hypoxia-associated genes, which was consistent with enhanced glycolytic function. Notably, AKT-inhibition during MiHA-specific CD8+ T cell priming uncoupled preservation of early memory differentiation from ex vivo expansion. Furthermore, AKT-inhibited MiHA-specific CD8+ T cells showed increased polyfunctionality with co-secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 upon antigen recall. Together, these data demonstrate that AKT-inhibitors with different modality of action promote the ex vivo generation of stem cell memory-like CD8+ T cells with a unique metabolic profile and retained polyfunctionality. Akt-inhibitor VIII and GDC-0068 outperformed other inhibitors, and are therefore promising candidates for ex vivo generation of superior tumor-reactive T cells for adoptive immunotherapy in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Mousset
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yun Ji
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanny Fredrix
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Allison
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michel G D Kester
- Department of Hematology - Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J H Frederik Falkenburg
- Department of Hematology - Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P M Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek B van der Waart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stowman AM, Hickman AW, Mauldin IS, Mahmutovic A, Gru AA, Slingluff CL. Lymphoid aggregates in desmoplastic melanoma have features of tertiary lymphoid structures. Melanoma Res 2018; 28:237-245. [PMID: 29538091 PMCID: PMC5912978 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Desmoplastic melanomas (DM) have unique and challenging clinical presentations and histomorphology. A characteristic feature is the presence of scattered lymphoid aggregates. However, the nature of these aggregates is not defined. We hypothesized that they may be tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), and may be associated with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. We searched our tissue database for 'pure' DMs and for scars as control tissues, collected clinical information, and reviewed H&E histology. We performed multispectral imaging after staining for CD8, CD20, PNAd, FoxP3, CD83, and Ki67, and assessed PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Pure DM samples were evaluable in 11 patients. All had desmoplastic stroma and lymphoid aggregates on H&E. The lymphoid aggregates of eight of the 11 (72%) DM samples and only three of the 11 scars contained features of TLS, defined as distinct clusters of B cells and CD8 T cells, CD83 dendritic cells in T-cell zones, and PNAd vasculature resembling high endothelial venules. PD-L1 was expressed by at least 1% of melanoma cells in six and by at least 5% of immune cells in 10 of the 11 DM samples. We found that most lymphoid aggregates in DM are organized, classical TLS. PD-L1 expression was detected in most cases and was highest in two cases of DM with TLS. However, low PD-L1 expression in some cases suggests that some DM cells may be unresponsive to interferon-γ. TLS support antigen presentation and T-cell responses in chronic inflammation and cancer. Their presence in DM likely reflects an adaptive immune response, which may be enhanced with immune therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Stowman
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Ileana S. Mauldin
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Adela Mahmutovic
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Alejandro A. Gru
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Craig L. Slingluff
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qiu J, Peng S, Yang A, Ma Y, Han L, Cheng MA, Farmer E, Hung CF, Wu TC. Intramuscular vaccination targeting mucosal tumor draining lymph node enhances integrins-mediated CD8+ T cell infiltration to control mucosal tumor growth. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1463946. [PMID: 30221059 PMCID: PMC6136882 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1463946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Mucosal immunization is suggested to be crucial for controlling tumors in the mucosal region; however, therapeutic DNA vaccination with electroporation in various mucosal sites has yet to become clinically adaptable. Since tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs) have been suggested as immune-educated sites that can be utilized to mount a potent antitumor immune response, we examined whether intramuscular DNA vaccination with electroporation at sites that target the mucosal tdLNs could elicit mucosal immune response to restrict tumor growth. Experimental Design: The efficacy and mechanism of intramuscular administration of a therapeutic DNA vaccine with electroporation at different sites was examined by lymphocyte analysis, tumor growth, mouse survival, as well as integrin expression, in mice bearing orthotopic HPV16 E6/E7+ syngeneic TC-1 tumors in various mucosal areas. Results: While provoking comparable systemic CD8+ T cell responses, intramuscular hind leg vaccination generated stronger responses in cervicovaginal-draining LNs to control cervicovaginal tumors, whereas intramuscular front leg vaccination generated stronger responses in oral-draining LNs to control buccal tumors. Surgical removal of tdLNs abolished the antitumor effects of therapeutic vaccination. Mucosal-tdLN-targeted intramuscular vaccination induced the expression of mucosal-homing integrins LPAM-1 and CD49a by tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the tdLNs. Inhibition of these integrins abolished the therapeutic effects of vaccination and the infiltration of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells into mucosal tumors. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that tumor draining lymph nodes targeted intramuscular immunization can effectively control mucosal tumors, which represents a readily adaptable strategy for treating mucosal cancers in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liping Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Max A. Cheng
- Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Emily Farmer
- Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - T.-C. Wu
- Departments of Pathology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, UnitedStates
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chae YK, Choi WM, Bae WH, Anker J, Davis AA, Agte S, Iams WT, Cruz M, Matsangou M, Giles FJ. Overexpression of adhesion molecules and barrier molecules is associated with differential infiltration of immune cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1023. [PMID: 29348685 PMCID: PMC5773521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as a promising option for lung cancer treatment. Various endothelial adhesion molecules, such as integrin and selectin, as well as various cellular barrier molecules such as desmosome and tight junctions, regulate T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. However, little is known regarding how these molecules affect immune cells in patients with lung cancer. We demonstrated for the first time that overexpression of endothelial adhesion molecules and cellular barrier molecule genes was linked to differential infiltration of particular immune cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Overexpression of endothelial adhesion molecule genes is associated with significantly lower infiltration of activated CD4 and CD8 T-cells, but higher infiltration of activated B-cells and regulatory T-cells. In contrast, overexpression of desmosome genes was correlated with significantly higher infiltration of activated CD4 and CD8 T-cells, but lower infiltration of activated B-cells and regulatory T-cells in lung adenocarcinoma. This inverse relation of immune cells aligns with previous studies of tumor-infiltrating B-cells inhibiting T-cell activation. Although overexpression of endothelial adhesion molecule or cellular barrier molecule genes alone was not predictive of overall survival in our sample, these genetic signatures may serve as biomarkers of immune exclusion, or resistance to T-cell mediated immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Chae
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611, USA. .,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, USA.
| | - Wooyoung M. Choi
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 USA
| | - William H. Bae
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 USA
| | - Jonathan Anker
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 USA
| | - Andrew A. Davis
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 USA
| | - Sarita Agte
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 USA
| | - Wade T. Iams
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 USA
| | - Marcelo Cruz
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 USA
| | - Maria Matsangou
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 USA ,0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 USA
| | - Francis J. Giles
- 0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 USA ,0000 0001 2299 3507grid.16753.36Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ren X, Levin D, Lin F. Cell Migration Research Based on Organ-on-Chip-Related Approaches. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8110324. [PMID: 30400514 PMCID: PMC6190356 DOI: 10.3390/mi8110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have been widely used for cell migration research over the last two decades, owing to their attractive features in cellular microenvironment control and quantitative single-cell migration analysis. However, the majority of the microfluidic cell migration studies have focused on single cell types and have configured microenvironments that are greatly simplified compared with the in-vivo conditions they aspire to model. In addition, although cell migration is considered an important target for disease diagnosis and therapeutics, very few microfluidic cell migration studies involved clinical samples from patients. Therefore, more sophisticated microfluidic systems are required to model the complex in-vivo microenvironment at the tissue or organ level for cell migration studies and to explore cell migration-related clinical applications. Research in this direction that employs organ-on-chip-related approaches for cell migration analysis has been increasingly reported in recent years. In this paper, we briefly introduce the general background of cell migration and organ-on-chip research, followed by a detailed review of specific cell migration studies using organ-on-chip-related approaches, and conclude by discussing our perspectives of the challenges, opportunities and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - David Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Yuki Y, Kiyono H. Development of a nanogel-based nasal vaccine as a novel antigen delivery system. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:1231-1240. [PMID: 29053938 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1395702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasal vaccination is one of the most effective immunization methods because it can induce effective antigen-specific immune responses not only at the mucosal site of administration but also at distant mucosal surfaces, as well as in the systemic compartment. Based on this advantage, many nasal vaccines are being developed and some have been licensed and marketed for clinical use. However, some have been withdrawn because of unacceptable adverse events such as inactivated influenza vaccine administrated with a heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli as an adjuvant. Thus, it is important to consider both the efficacy and safety of nasal vaccines. Areas covered: This review describes the benefits of cholesteryl group-bearing pullulan (CHP) nanogels for nasal vaccine delivery and vaccine development identified on Pubmed database with the term 'Nanogel-based nasal vaccine'. Expert commentary: CHP nanogels have been developed as novel drug delivery system, and a cationic CHP nanogels have been demonstrated to induce effective immunity as a nasal vaccine antigen carrier. Since vaccine antigens incorporated into CHP nanogels have exhibited no brain deposition after nasal administration in mice and nonhuman primates, the vaccine seems safe, and could be a promising new delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Nakahashi-Ouchida
- a Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science , University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- a Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science , University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- a Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science , University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,b International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,c Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University , Chiba , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Panezai J, Bergdahl E, Sundqvist KG. T-cell regulation through a basic suppressive mechanism targeting low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1. Immunology 2017; 152:308-327. [PMID: 28580688 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is generally considered to depend on positive regulation through ligation of integrins and cytokine receptors. However, here we show that T-cell adhesion, and notably also T-cell receptor (TCR) -induced activation, are subject to constant suppression through shedding of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). The broad-spectrum metalloprotease inhibitor GM6001 abrogated shedding, so inducing prominent cell surface expression of LRP1 while enhancing TCR-induced activation and adhesion to β1 and β2 integrin ligands, hence arresting the cells. Integrin ligands also inhibited shedding but the effect was less potent than that of GM6001. Unlike GM6001, integrin ligands also induced cell surface expression of full-length thrombospondin-1 (TSP170) and TSP130, which associated with LRP1, and TSP110, which did not associate with LRP1. Cell surface expression of LRP1 and TSP130 were induced exclusively in adhering cells, expression of TSP110 preferentially in non-adhering cells and expression of TSP170 correlated with T-cell motility. The pro-adhesive chemokine CXCL12 also inhibited LRP1 shedding and induced surface expression of TSP170 and TSP130 while inhibiting TSP110. Exogenous TSP-1 and ligation of CD28 inhibited shedding although less effectively than GM6001, and the inhibition through CD28 was independent of TSP-1. Small interfering RNA silencing experiments confirmed involvement of LRP1 and TSP-1 in integrin-dependent adhesion and TCR-induced activation. Hence, the poor LRP1 expression in T cells depends on shedding. Integrin ligands and CXCL12 antagonize shedding through a TSP-1-dependent pathway and ligation of CD28 antagonizes shedding independent of TSP-1. The disappearance of LRP1 from the cell surface may provide basic immunosuppression at the T-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeneen Panezai
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Periodontology, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Eva Bergdahl
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Gösta Sundqvist
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Salerno EP, Bedognetti D, Mauldin IS, Deacon DH, Shea SM, Pinczewski J, Obeid JM, Coukos G, Wang E, Gajewski TF, Marincola FM, Slingluff CL. Human melanomas and ovarian cancers overexpressing mechanical barrier molecule genes lack immune signatures and have increased patient mortality risk. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1240857. [PMID: 28123876 PMCID: PMC5215363 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1240857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified eight genes whose expression in human melanoma metastases and ovarian cancers is associated with a lack of Th1 immune signatures. They encode molecules with mechanical barrier function in the skin and other normal tissues and include filaggrin (FLG), tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2), and six desmosomal proteins (DST, DSC3, DSP, PPL, PKP3, and JUP). This association has been validated in an independent series of 114 melanoma metastases. In these, DST expression alone is sufficient to identify melanomas without immune signatures, while FLG and the other six putative barrier molecules are overexpressed in a different subset of melanomas lacking immune signatures. Similar associations have been identified in a set of 186 ovarian cancers. RNA-seq data from 471 melanomas and 307 ovarian cancers in the TCGA database further support these findings and also reveal that overexpression of barrier molecules is strongly associated with early patient mortality for melanoma (p = 0.0002) and for ovarian cancer (p < 0.01). Interestingly, this association persists for FLG for melanoma (p = 0.012) and ovarian cancer (p = 0.006), whereas DST overexpression is negatively associated with CD8+ gene expression, but not with patient survival. Thus, overexpression of FLG or DST identifies two distinct patient populations with low immune cell infiltration in these cancers, but with different prognostic implications for each. These data raise the possibility that molecules with mechanical barrier function in skin and other tissues may be used by cancer cells to protect them from immune cell infiltration and immune-mediated destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise P Salerno
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ileana S Mauldin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Donna H Deacon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sofia M Shea
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joel Pinczewski
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph M Obeid
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ena Wang
- Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Craig L Slingluff
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Immune activation and induction of memory: lessons learned from controlled human malaria infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology 2016; 143:224-35. [PMID: 26864135 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Controlled human malaria infections (CHMIs) are a powerful tool to assess the efficacy of drugs and/or vaccine candidates, but also to study anti-malarial immune responses at well-defined time points after infection. In this review, we discuss the insights that CHMI trials have provided into early immune activation and regulation during acute infection, and the capacity to induce and maintain immunological memory. Importantly, these studies show that a single infection is sufficient to induce long-lasting parasite-specific T- and B-cell memory responses, and suggest that blood-stage induced regulatory responses can limit inflammation both in ongoing and potentially future infections. As future perspective of investigation in CHMIs, we discuss the role of innate cell subsets, the interplay between innate and adaptive immune activation and the potential modulation of these responses after natural pre-exposure.
Collapse
|
28
|
PD-1/CTLA-4 Blockade Inhibits Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Lymphoma Growth in a Cord Blood Humanized-Mouse Model. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005642. [PMID: 27186886 PMCID: PMC4871349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection causes B cell lymphomas in humanized mouse models and contributes to a variety of different types of human lymphomas. T cells directed against viral antigens play a critical role in controlling EBV infection, and EBV-positive lymphomas are particularly common in immunocompromised hosts. We previously showed that EBV induces B cell lymphomas with high frequency in a cord blood-humanized mouse model in which EBV-infected human cord blood is injected intraperitoneally into NOD/LtSz-scid/IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice. Since our former studies showed that it is possible for T cells to control the tumors in another NSG mouse model engrafted with both human fetal CD34+ cells and human thymus and liver, here we investigated whether monoclonal antibodies that block the T cell inhibitory receptors, PD-1 and CTLA-4, enhance the ability of cord blood T cells to control the outgrowth of EBV-induced lymphomas in the cord-blood humanized mouse model. We demonstrate that EBV-infected lymphoma cells in this model express both the PD-L1 and PD-L2 inhibitory ligands for the PD-1 receptor, and that T cells express the PD-1 and CTLA-4 receptors. Furthermore, we show that the combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade strikingly reduces the size of lymphomas induced by a lytic EBV strain (M81) in this model, and that this anti-tumor effect requires T cells. PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade markedly increases EBV-specific T cell responses, and is associated with enhanced tumor infiltration by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade decreases the number of both latently, and lytically, EBV-infected B cells. These results indicate that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade enhances the ability of cord blood T cells to control outgrowth of EBV-induced lymphomas, and suggest that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade might be useful for treating certain EBV-induced diseases in humans. EBV is a human herpesvirus that remains in the host for life, but is normally well controlled by the host immune response. Nevertheless, EBV causes lymphomas in certain individuals, particularly when T cell function is impaired. Antibodies against two different inhibitory receptors on T cells, PD-1 and CTLA-4, have been recently shown to improve T cell cytotoxic function against a subset of non-virally associated tumors. Here we have used an EBV-infected cord blood-humanized mouse model to show that EBV-infected lymphomas express both the PD-L1 and PD-L2 inhibitory ligands for PD-1. Importantly, we find that the combination of PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade decreases the growth of EBV-induced lymphomas in this model, and demonstrate that this anti-tumor effect requires T cells and enhances their responses to EBV. Our results suggest that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade might be useful for treating certain EBV-associated diseases in humans.
Collapse
|
29
|
Shimada ALB, Cruz WS, Loiola RA, Drewes CC, Dörr F, Figueiredo NG, Pinto E, Farsky SHP. Absorption of PCB126 by upper airways impairs G protein-coupled receptor-mediated immune response. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14917. [PMID: 26449762 PMCID: PMC4598834 DOI: 10.1038/srep14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PCB126 is a dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) environmental pollutant with a significant impact on human health, as it bioaccumulates and causes severe toxicity. PCB126-induced immune toxicity has been described, although the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, an in vivo protocol of PCB126 intoxication into male Wistar rats by intranasal route was used, which has not yet been described. The intoxication was characterised by PCB126 accumulation in the lungs and liver, and enhanced aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and adipose tissues. Moreover, an innate immune deficiency was characterised by impairment of adhesion receptors on blood leukocytes and by reduced blood neutrophil locomotion and oxidative burst activation elicited by ex vivo G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. Specificity of PCB126 actions on the GPCR pathway was shown by normal burst oxidative activation evoked by Toll-like receptor 4 and protein kinase C direct activation. Moreover, in vivo PCB180 intoxication did not alter adhesion receptors on blood leukocytes either blood neutrophil locomotion, and only partially reduced the GPCR-induced burst oxidative activation on neutrophils. Therefore, a novel mechanism of in vivo PCB126 toxicity is described which impairs a pivotal inflammatory pathway to the host defence against infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia B Shimada
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Wesley S Cruz
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Loiola
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Carine C Drewes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Fabiane Dörr
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Natália G Figueiredo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Sandra H P Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Development of photodynamic therapy regimens that control primary tumor growth and inhibit secondary disease. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 64:287-97. [PMID: 25384911 PMCID: PMC4341021 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapy for advanced cancer often requires treatment of both primary tumors and systemic disease that may not be apparent at initial diagnosis. Numerous studies have shown that stimulation of the host immune system can result in the generation of anti-tumor immune responses capable of controlling metastatic tumor growth. Thus, there is interest in the development of combination therapies that both control primary tumor growth and stimulate anti-tumor immunity for control of metastatic disease and subsequent tumor growth. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an FDA-approved anticancer modality that has been shown to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Augmentation of anti-tumor immunity by PDT is regimen dependent, and PDT regimens that enhance anti-tumor immunity have been defined. Unfortunately, these regimens have limited ability to control primary tumor growth. Therefore, a two-step combination therapy was devised in which a tumor-controlling PDT regimen was combined with an immune-enhancing PDT regimen. To determine whether the two-step combination therapy enhanced anti-tumor immunity, resistance to subsequent tumor challenge and T cell activation and function was measured. The ability to control distant disease was also determined. The results showed that the novel combination therapy stimulated anti-tumor immunity while retaining the ability to inhibit primary tumor growth of both murine colon (Colon26-HA) and mammary (4T1) carcinomas. The combination therapy resulted in enhanced tumor-specific T cell activation and controlled metastatic tumor growth. These results suggest that PDT may be an effective adjuvant for therapies that fail to stimulate the host anti-tumor immune response.
Collapse
|
31
|
Luddy KA, Robertson-Tessi M, Tafreshi NK, Soliman H, Morse DL. The role of toll-like receptors in colorectal cancer progression: evidence for epithelial to leucocytic transition. Front Immunol 2014; 5:429. [PMID: 25368611 PMCID: PMC4202790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed by immune cells, intestinal epithelium, and tumor cells. In the homeostatic setting, they help to regulate control over invading pathogens and maintain the epithelial lining of the large and small intestines. Aberrant expression of certain TLRs by tumor cells can induce growth inhibition while others contribute to tumorigenesis and progression. Activation of these TLRs can induce inflammation, tumor cell proliferation, immune evasion, local invasion, and distant metastasis. These TLR-influenced behaviors have similarities with properties observed in leukocytes, suggesting that tumors may be hijacking immune programs to become more aggressive. The concept of epithelial to leucocytic-transition (ELT) is proposed, akin to epithelial to mesenchymal transition, in which tumors develop the ability to activate leucocytic traits otherwise inaccessible to epithelial cells. Understanding the mechanisms of ELT could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for inhibiting tumor metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Luddy
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Imaging and Technology Center of Excellence, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA
| | - Mark Robertson-Tessi
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA
| | - Narges K Tafreshi
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Imaging and Technology Center of Excellence, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA
| | - Hatem Soliman
- Don and Erika Wallace Comprehensive Breast Program, Center for Women's Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL , USA
| | - David L Morse
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Imaging and Technology Center of Excellence, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gravius S, Randau TM, Casadonte R, Kriegsmann M, Friedrich MJ, Kriegsmann J. Investigation of neutrophilic peptides in periprosthetic tissue by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 39:559-67. [PMID: 25277763 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The accurate diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) relies on clinical investigation, laboratory parameters, radiological methods, sterile joint aspiration for synovial fluid leucocyte count and microbiological analysis and tissue sampling for histopathology. Due to the limits in specificity and sensitivity of these methods, molecular techniques and new biomarkers were introduced into the diagnostic procedure. Histological examination is related to the amount of neutrophils in the periprosthetic tissue in frozen sections and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded material (FFPE). However, the threshold of neutrophils per defined area of tissue among various studies is very inconsistent. METHODS We have applied matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) to a total of 32 periprosthetic tissue samples of patients with PJI to detect peptides associated with areas of neutrophil infiltration. RESULTS Specific peaks associated with a high amount of neutrophils were detected. Of these m/z peaks, four could be assigned to predictive neutrophil molecules. These peptides include annexin A1, calgizzarin (S100A11), calgranulin C (S100A12) and histone H2A. By MALDI IMS, these peptides could be shown to be co-localised with the infiltration of neutrophils in the immediate vicinity of the periprosthetic interface, whereas more distant areas did not show neutrophil invasion or infection-related peptides. CONCLUSIONS MALDI IMS is a new method allowing identification of neutrophil peptides in periprosthetic tissues and may be a surrogate for counting neutrophils as an objective parameter for PJI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Gravius
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Clinic of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|