1
|
Palecki J, Bhasin A, Bernstein A, Mille PJ, Tester WJ, Kelly WK, Zarrabi KK. T-Cell redirecting bispecific antibodies: a review of a novel class of immuno-oncology for advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2356820. [PMID: 38801069 PMCID: PMC11135853 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2356820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel T-cell immunotherapies such as bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are emerging as promising therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer. BiTEs are engineered bispecific antibodies containing two distinct binding domains that allow for concurrent binding to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) as well as immune effector cells, thus promoting an immune response against cancer cells. Prostate cancer is rich in tumor associated antigens such as, but not limited to, PSMA, PSCA, hK2, and STEAP1 and there is strong biologic rationale for employment of T-cell redirecting BiTEs within the prostate cancer disease space. Early generation BiTE constructs employed in clinical study have demonstrated meaningful antitumor activity, but challenges related to drug delivery, immunogenicity, and treatment-associated adverse effects limited their success. The ongoing development of novel BiTE constructs continues to address these barriers and to yield promising results in terms of efficacy and safety. This review will highlight some of most recent developments of BiTE therapies for patients with advanced prostate cancer and the evolving data surrounding BiTE constructs undergoing clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Palecki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amman Bhasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J. Mille
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William J. Tester
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wm. Kevin Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin K. Zarrabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tharian LR, Verma S, Gupta S. Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cell Therapy in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Promise and Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1053. [PMID: 38473408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, the most common cancer among males, has a mortality rate of approximately 29,000 deaths each year in the United States alone [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Tharian
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamasaki S, Shimizu K, Fujii SI. Tumor epitope spreading by a novel multivalent therapeutic cellular vaccine targeting cancer antigens to invariant NKT-triggered dendritic cells in situ. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345037. [PMID: 38361934 PMCID: PMC10867576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer is categorized into two types based on the microenvironment: cold and hot tumors. The former is challenging to stimulate through immunity. The immunogenicity of cancer relies on the quality and quantity of cancer antigens, whether recognized by T cells or not. Successful cancer immunotherapy hinges on the cancer cell type, antigenicity and subsequent immune reactions. The T cell response is particularly crucial for secondary epitope spreading, although the factors affecting these mechanisms remain unknown. Prostate cancer often becomes resistant to standard therapy despite identifying several antigens, placing it among immunologically cold tumors. We aim to leverage prostate cancer antigens to investigate the potential induction of epitope spreading in cold tumors. This study specifically focuses on identifying factors involved in secondary epitope spreading based on artificial adjuvant vector cell (aAVC) therapy, a method established as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) -licensed DC therapy. Methods We concentrated on three prostate cancer antigens (prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)). By introducing allogeneic cells with the antigen and murine CD1d mRNA, followed by α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) loading, we generated five types of aAVCs, i.e, monovalent, divalent and trivalent antigen-expressing aAVCs and four types of prostate antigen-expressing cold tumors. We evaluated iNKT activation and antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses against tumor cells prompted by the aAVCs. Results Our study revealed that monovalent aAVCs, expressing a single prostate antigen, primed T cells for primary tumor antigens and also induced T cells targeting additional tumor antigens by triggering a tumor antigen-spreading response. When we investigated the immune response by trivalent aAVC (aAVC-PROS), aAVC-PROS therapy elicited multiple antigen-specific CD8+ T cells simultaneously. These CD8+ T cells exhibited both preventive and therapeutic effects against tumor progression. Conclusions The findings from this study highlight the promising role of tumor antigen-expressing aAVCs, in inducing efficient epitope spreading and generating robust immune responses against cancer. Our results also propose that multivalent antigen-expressing aAVCs present a promising therapeutic option and could be a more comprehensive therapy for treating cold tumors like prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yamasaki
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Research Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Research Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- aAVC Drug Translational Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Research Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- aAVC Drug Translational Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng W, Schreiber RD, Lichti CF. Recent advances in immunopeptidomic-based tumor neoantigen discovery. Adv Immunol 2023; 160:1-36. [PMID: 38042584 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of aberrantly expressed proteins in tumors in driving immune-mediated control of cancer has been well documented for more than five decades. Today, we know that both aberrantly expressed normal proteins as well as mutant proteins (neoantigens) can function as tumor antigens in both humans and mice. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) technologies have made significant advances since the early 2010s, enabling detection of rare but clinically relevant neoantigens recognized by T cells. MS profiling of tumor-specific immunopeptidomes remains the most direct method to identify mutant peptides bound to cellular MHC. However, the need for use of large numbers of cells or significant amounts of tumor tissue to achieve neoantigen detection has historically limited the application of MS. Newer, more sensitive MS technologies have recently demonstrated the capacities to detect neoantigens from fewer cells. Here, we highlight recent advancements in immunopeptidomics-based characterization of tumor-specific neoantigens. Various tumor antigen categories and neoantigen identification approaches are also discussed. Furthermore, we summarize recent reports that achieved successful tumor neoantigen detection by MS using a variety of starting materials, MS acquisition modes, and novel ion mobility devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert D Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Cheryl F Lichti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dombroski JA, Rowland SJ, Fabiano AR, Knoblauch SV, Hope JM, King MR. Fluid shear stress enhances dendritic cell activation. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152744. [PMID: 37729773 PMCID: PMC10841200 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo activation of dendritic cells (DCs) has been widely explored for targeted therapies, although these treatments remain expensive. Reducing treatment costs while enhancing cell activation could help to make immunotherapies more accessible. Cells can be activated by both internal and external forces including fluid shear stress (FSS). FSS activates cells via opening of mechanosensitive ion channels. In this study, dendritic cells were activated by sustained exposure to circulatory levels of fluid shear stress using a cone-and-plate flow device and analyzed for activation markers. After 1 h of shear stress exposure, an increase in cytokine release was present in immortalized cells as well as phosphorylation of the proteins NF-κB and cFos in primary DCs. Changes in DC morphology, metabolism and proliferation were also observed. These compelling new findings point to the potential for using FSS to activate DCs for ex vivo therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna A Dombroski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Schyler J Rowland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Abigail R Fabiano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Samantha V Knoblauch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Jacob M Hope
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Ave, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Z, Yang X, Chen Z, Li M, Wang W, Yang R, Wang Z, Ma Y, Xu Y, Ao S, Liang L, Cai C, Wang C, Deng T, Gu D, Zhou H, Zeng G. A new histone deacetylase inhibitor remodels the tumor microenvironment by deletion of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and sensitizes prostate cancer to immunotherapy. BMC Med 2023; 21:402. [PMID: 37880708 PMCID: PMC10601128 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) alone showed disappointing results in PCa. It is partly due to the formation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) could not be reversed effectively by ICB alone. METHODS We used PCa cell lines to evaluate the combined effects of CN133 and anti-PD-1 in the subcutaneous and osseous PCa mice models, as well as the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We found that CN133 could reduce the infiltration of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs), and CN133 combination with anti-PD-1 could augment antitumor effects in the subcutaneous PCa of allograft models. However, anti-PD-1 combination with CN133 failed to elicit an anti-tumor response to the bone metastatic PCa mice. Mechanistically, CN133 could inhibit the infiltration of PMN-MDSCs in the TME of soft tissues by downregulation gene expression of PMN-MDSC recruitment but not change the gene expression involved in PMN-MDSC activation in the CN133 and anti-PD-1 co-treatment group relative to the anti-PD-1 alone in the bone metastatic mice model. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our work firstly demonstrated that combination of CN133 with anti-PD-1 therapy may increase the therapeutic efficacy to PCa by reactivation of the positive immune microenvironment in the TME of soft tissue PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zude Chen
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoshuang Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zugen Chen
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzhao Li
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| | - Riwei Yang
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuomin Wang
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Xu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shan Ao
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leqi Liang
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongqing Zhou
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China.
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Le TK, Duong QH, Baylot V, Fargette C, Baboudjian M, Colleaux L, Taïeb D, Rocchi P. Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: From Uncovered Resistance Mechanisms to Current Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5047. [PMID: 37894414 PMCID: PMC10605314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a significant medical challenge. Prostate cancer cells can develop mechanisms to resist androgen deprivation therapy, such as AR overexpression, AR mutations, alterations in AR coregulators, increased steroidogenic signaling pathways, outlaw pathways, and bypass pathways. Various treatment options for CRPC exist, including androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, localized or systemic therapeutic radiation, and PARP inhibitors. However, more research is needed to combat CRPC effectively. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms of the disease and the development of new therapeutic strategies will be crucial in improving patient outcomes. The present work summarizes the current knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms that promote CRPC, including both AR-dependent and independent pathways. Additionally, we provide an overview of the currently approved therapeutic options for CRPC, with special emphasis on chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and potential combination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Khanh Le
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Quang Hieu Duong
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Virginie Baylot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Christelle Fargette
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, La Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Michael Baboudjian
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Department of Urology AP-HM, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Faculté de Médecine Timone, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - David Taïeb
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, La Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Palma Rocchi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille—CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 13009 Marseille, France; (T.K.L.); (Q.H.D.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (D.T.)
- European Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hawlina S, Zorec R, Chowdhury HH. Potential of Personalized Dendritic Cell-Based Immunohybridoma Vaccines to Treat Prostate Cancer. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1498. [PMID: 37511873 PMCID: PMC10382052 DOI: 10.3390/life13071498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of death due to cancer. About 30% of patients with PCa who have been castrated develop a castration-resistant form of the disease (CRPC), which is incurable. In the last decade, new treatments that control the disease have emerged, slowing progression and spread and prolonging survival while maintaining the quality of life. These include immunotherapies; however, we do not yet know the optimal combination and sequence of these therapies with the standard ones. All therapies are not always suitable for every patient due to co-morbidities or adverse effects of therapies or both, so there is an urgent need for further work on new therapeutic options. Advances in cancer immunotherapy with an immune checkpoint inhibition mechanism (e.g., ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 inhibitor) have not shown a survival benefit in patients with CRPC. Other immunological approaches have also not given clear results, which has indirectly prevented breakthrough for this type of therapeutic strategy into clinical use. Currently, the only approved form of immunotherapy for patients with CRPC is a cell-based medicine, but it is only available to patients in some parts of the world. Based on what was gained from recently completed clinical research on immunotherapy with dendritic cell-based immunohybridomas, the aHyC dendritic cell vaccine for patients with CRPC, we highlight the current status and possible alternatives that should be considered in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hawlina
- Clinical Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena H Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmed R, Lozano LE, Anastasio A, Lofek S, Mastelic-Gavillet B, Navarro Rodrigo B, Nguyen S, Dartiguenave F, Rodrigues-Dias SC, Cesson V, Valério M, Roth B, Kandalaft LE, Redchenko I, Hill AVS, Harari A, Romero P, Derré L, Viganó S. Phenotype and Reactivity of Lymphocytes Expanded from Benign Prostate Hyperplasic Tissues and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3114. [PMID: 37370724 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a frequent condition in aging men, which affects life quality, causing principally lower urinary tract symptoms. Epidemiologic studies suggest that BPH may raise the risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa), most likely promoting a chronic inflammatory environment. Studies aiming at elucidating the link and risk factors that connect BPH and PCa are urgently needed to develop prevention strategies. The BPH microenvironment, similar to the PCa one, increases immune infiltration of the prostate, but, in contrast to PCa, immunosuppression may not be established yet. In this study, we found that prostate-infiltrating lymphocytes (PILs) expanded from hyperplastic prostate tissue recognized tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and autologous tissue, regardless of the presence of tumor cells. PILs expanded from BPH samples of patients with PCa, however, seem to respond more strongly to autologous tissue. Phenotypic characterization of the infiltrating PILs revealed a trend towards better expanding CD4+ T cells in infiltrates derived from PCa, but no significant differences were found. These findings suggest that T cell tolerance is compromised in BPH-affected prostates, likely due to qualitative or quantitative alterations of the antigenic landscape. Our data support the hypothesis that BPH increases the risk of PCa and may pave the way for new personalized preventive vaccine strategies for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritaparna Ahmed
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leyder Elena Lozano
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Anastasio
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Lofek
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Navarro Rodrigo
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Nguyen
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Dartiguenave
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia-Cristina Rodrigues-Dias
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Cesson
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Valério
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beat Roth
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana Elias Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Redchenko
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Derré
- Urology Research Unit and Urology Biobank, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Selena Viganó
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roy P, Singh KP. Epigenetic mechanism of therapeutic resistance and potential of epigenetic therapeutics in chemorefractory prostate cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 380:173-210. [PMID: 37657858 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. Depending upon the histopathological subtypes of prostate cancers, various therapeutic options, such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI), immunotherapy, and chemotherapy, are available to treat prostate cancer. While these therapeutics are effective in the initial stages during treatments, the tumors subsequently develop resistance to these therapies. Despite all the progress made so far, therapeutic resistance remains a major challenge in the treatment of prostate cancer. Although various mechanisms have been reported for the resistance development in prostate cancer, altered expression of genes either directly or indirectly involved in drug response pathways is a common event. In addition to the genetic basis of gene regulation such as mutations and gene amplifications, epigenetic alterations involved in the aberrant expression of genes have frequently been shown to be associated not only with cancer initiation and progression but also with therapeutic resistance development. There are several review articles compiling reports on genetic mechanisms involved in therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer. However, epigenetic mechanisms for the therapeutic resistance development in prostate cancer have not yet been summarized in a review article. Therefore, the objective of this article is to compile various reports and provide a comprehensive review of the epigenetic aberrations, and aberrant expression of genes by epigenetic mechanisms involved in CRPCs and therapeutic resistance development in prostate cancer. Additionally, the potential of epigenetic-based therapeutics in the treatment of chemorefractory prostate cancer as evidenced by clinical trials has also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priti Roy
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Kamaleshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Prabakaran DS, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Kandasamy S, Ramesh T, Gopalakrishnan AV. The Cellular and Molecular Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081370. [PMID: 36016257 PMCID: PMC9416492 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent history, immunotherapy has become a viable cancer therapeutic option. However, over many years, its tenets have changed, and it now comprises a range of cancer-focused immunotherapies. Clinical trials are currently looking into monotherapies or combinations of medicines that include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), CART cells, DNA vaccines targeting viruses, and adoptive cellular therapy. According to ongoing studies, the discipline should progress by incorporating patient-tailored immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockers, other immunotherapeutic medications, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite significantly increasing morbidity, immunotherapy can intensify the therapeutic effect and enhance immune responses. The findings for the immunotherapy treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) are compiled in this study, showing that is possible to investigate the current state of immunotherapy, covering new findings, PCa treatment techniques, and research perspectives in the field’s unceasing evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. S. Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabariswaran Kandasamy
- Water-Energy Nexus Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peres A, Branchini G, Marmett B, Nunes FB, Romão PRT, Olean-Oliveira T, Minuzzi L, Cavalcante M, Elsner V, Lira FS, Dorneles GP. Potential Anticarcinogenic Effects From Plasma of Older Adults After Exercise Training: An Exploratory Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:855133. [PMID: 35874516 PMCID: PMC9298496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.855133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the impact of exercise training plasma on in vitro prostate cancer cell viability and proliferation. Methods: PC3 prostate cancer cells were incubated with plasma obtained from young men with high and low physical fitness (PF) (high PF, n = 5; low PF, n = 5) and with the plasma collected from institutionalized older adults (n = 8) before and after multimodal exercise training. Cell viability and proliferation, mitochondria membrane polarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis were evaluated after the cell treatment with plasma. Systemic cytokines were evaluated in the plasma of institutionalized older adults submitted to an exercise training protocol. Results: Plasma from high-PF men lowers both cell viability and proliferation after the incubation time. PC3 cells also presented lower cell viability and diminished rates of cell proliferation after the incubation with post-training plasma samples of the older adults. The incubation of PC3 cells with post-training plasma of older adults depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Post-training plasma did not change apoptosis or necrosis rates in the PC3 cell line. Multimodal exercise training increased the plasma levels of IL-2, IL-10, IFN-α, and FGF-1 and decreased TNF-α concentrations in institutionalized older adults. Conclusion: Adaptations in blood factors of institutionalized older adults may alter cell viability and proliferation by targeting mitochondrial ROS in a prostate cancer cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Peres
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gisele Branchini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marmett
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bordignon Nunes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Olean-Oliveira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciele Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Mateus Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Viviane Elsner
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu T, Zhang H, Du Y, Luo S, Yang X, Zhang H, Feng J, Chen X, Tu X, Wang C, Zhang Y. ELOVL2 restrains cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer via regulation of the tumor suppressor INPP4B. Cell Signal 2022; 96:110373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
14
|
Narayan V, Barber-Rotenberg JS, Jung IY, Lacey SF, Rech AJ, Davis MM, Hwang WT, Lal P, Carpenter EL, Maude SL, Plesa G, Vapiwala N, Chew A, Moniak M, Sebro RA, Farwell MD, Marshall A, Gilmore J, Lledo L, Dengel K, Church SE, Hether TD, Xu J, Gohil M, Buckingham TH, Yee SS, Gonzalez VE, Kulikovskaya I, Chen F, Tian L, Tien K, Gladney W, Nobles CL, Raymond HE, Hexner EO, Siegel DL, Bushman FD, June CH, Fraietta JA, Haas NB. PSMA-targeting TGFβ-insensitive armored CAR T cells in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:724-734. [PMID: 35314843 PMCID: PMC10308799 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated promising efficacy, particularly in hematologic malignancies. One challenge regarding CAR T cells in solid tumors is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by high levels of multiple inhibitory factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. We report results from an in-human phase 1 trial of castration-resistant, prostate cancer-directed CAR T cells armored with a dominant-negative TGF-β receptor (NCT03089203). Primary endpoints were safety and feasibility, while secondary objectives included assessment of CAR T cell distribution, bioactivity and disease response. All prespecified endpoints were met. Eighteen patients enrolled, and 13 subjects received therapy across four dose levels. Five of the 13 patients developed grade ≥2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), including one patient who experienced a marked clonal CAR T cell expansion, >98% reduction in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and death following grade 4 CRS with concurrent sepsis. Acute increases in inflammatory cytokines correlated with manageable high-grade CRS events. Three additional patients achieved a PSA reduction of ≥30%, with CAR T cell failure accompanied by upregulation of multiple TME-localized inhibitory molecules following adoptive cell transfer. CAR T cell kinetics revealed expansion in blood and tumor trafficking. Thus, clinical application of TGF-β-resistant CAR T cells is feasible and generally safe. Future studies should use superior multipronged approaches against the TME to improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Narayan
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie S Barber-Rotenberg
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - In-Young Jung
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Rech
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan M Davis
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priti Lal
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shannon L Maude
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela Plesa
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neha Vapiwala
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne Chew
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Moniak
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronnie A Sebro
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D Farwell
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Marshall
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan Gilmore
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lester Lledo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karen Dengel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jun Xu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mercy Gohil
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas H Buckingham
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie S Yee
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vanessa E Gonzalez
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irina Kulikovskaya
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Tien
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Whitney Gladney
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher L Nobles
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hayley E Raymond
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Hexner
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald L Siegel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Naomi B Haas
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saleh OM, Albakri KA, Alabdallat YJ, Dajani MH, El Gazzar WB. The safety and efficacy of CAR-T cells in the treatment of prostate cancer: review. Biomarkers 2021; 27:22-34. [PMID: 34882051 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.2016973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new breakthrough development in cancer treatment is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. In this review, we focussed on its efficacy & safety in prostate cancer, obstacles impeding its clinical use, and some strategies trying to overcome them. METHODS Searching for relevant articles was done using the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Studies had to be published in full-text in English in order to be considered. RESULTS Many factors can limit optimal CAR-T cell outcomes, including the hostile Prostate microenvironment, age, comorbidities, and tumour grade. The adverse effects of the therapy, particularly the cytokine release syndrome, are a major source of worry after treatment administration. Attempts to alter gamma/delta T-cells and NK cells with CAR, on the other hand, have demonstrated higher effectiveness and safety than conventional CAR-T cells. CONCLUSION To improve the use of immunotherapies, a greater understanding of the prostate cancer microenvironment is required. Concerning toxicity, more research is needed to find the most specific and highly expressed prostate antigens. Furthermore, discovering predictive biomarkers for toxicities, as well as choosing the correct patient for therapy, might decrease immune-related side effects and achieve a greater response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Majd Hamdi Dajani
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Walaa Bayoumie El Gazzar
- Department of Basic medical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha city, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Teplensky MH, Dittmar JW, Qin L, Wang S, Evangelopoulos M, Zhang B, Mirkin CA. Spherical Nucleic Acid Vaccine Structure Markedly Influences Adaptive Immune Responses of Clinically Utilized Prostate Cancer Targets. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101262. [PMID: 34494382 PMCID: PMC8599645 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines, which activate the immune system against a target antigen, are attractive for prostate cancer, where multiple upregulated protein targets are identified. However, many clinical trials implementing peptides targeting these proteins have yielded suboptimal results. Using spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), we explore how precise architectural control of vaccine components can activate a robust antigen-specific immune response in comparison to clinical formulations of the same targets. The SNA vaccines incorporate peptides for human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) or T-cell receptor γ alternate reading frame protein (TARP) into an optimized architecture, resulting in high rates of immune activation and cytolytic ability in humanized mice and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Specifically, administered SNAs elevate the production and secretion of cytokines and increase polyfunctional cytotoxic T cells and effector memory. Importantly, T cells raised from immunized mice potently kill targets, including clinically relevant cells expressing the whole PSMA protein. Treatment of hPBMCs increases costimulatory markers and cytolytically active T cells. This work demonstrates the importance of vaccine structure and its ability to reformulate and elevate clinical targets. Moreover, it encourages the field to reinvestigate ineffective peptide targets and repackage them into optimally structured vaccines to harness antigen potency and enhance clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Teplensky
- Department of Chemistry and the International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jasper W Dittmar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shuya Wang
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | | | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and the International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ollivier L, Labbé M, Fradin D, Potiron V, Supiot S. Interaction Between Modern Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:744679. [PMID: 34595122 PMCID: PMC8477651 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.744679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer-related death. In recent decades, the development of immunotherapies has resulted in great promise to cure metastatic disease. However, prostate cancer has failed to show any significant response, presumably due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment. There is therefore growing interest in combining immunotherapy with other therapies able to relieve the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Radiation therapy remains the mainstay treatment for prostate cancer patients, is known to exhibit immunomodulatory effects, depending on the dose, and is a potent inducer of immunogenic tumor cell death. Optimal doses of radiotherapy are thus expected to unleash the full potential of immunotherapy, improving primary target destruction with further hope of inducing immune-cell-mediated elimination of metastases at distance from the irradiated site. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on both the tumor immune microenvironment in prostate cancer and the effects of radiotherapy on it, as well as on the use of immunotherapy. In addition, we discuss the utility to combine immunotherapy and radiotherapy to treat oligometastatic metastatic prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Ollivier
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Maureen Labbé
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | | | - Vincent Potiron
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, Fu Y. Comprehensive Analysis and Identification of an Immune-Related Gene Signature with Prognostic Value for Prostate Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:2931-2942. [PMID: 34234523 PMCID: PMC8254424 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s321319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently been proven to play a crucial role in the development and prognosis of tumors. However, the current knowledge on the potential of the TME in prostate cancer (PCa) remains scarce. Purpose This study aims to elucidate the value of TME-related genes for PCa prognosis by integrative bioinformatics analysis. Materials and Methods We downloaded the immune and stromal scores of PCa samples via the ESTIMATE and correlated these scores to clinicopathological characteristics and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients. Based on these scores, the TME-related differentially expressed genes were identified for functional enrichment analysis. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic genes and establish a predictive risk model. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to evaluate the relationship between risk score and immune pathway. Results The stromal and immune scores were associated with clinicopathological characteristics and RFS in PCa patients. In total, 238 intersecting differentially expressed genes were identified. Functional enrichment analysis further revealed that these genes dramatically participated in the immune-related pathways. The immune-related risk model was built with C-type lectin domain containing 7A (CLEC7A) and collagen type XI alpha 1 chain (COL11A1) using Cox regression analyses. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the expression levels of CLEC7A and COL11A1 were significantly associated with the RFS. Further, the RFS time in high-risk group was significantly shorter than that in low-risk group. The areas under the curve for the risk model in predicting 3- and 5-year RFS rates were 0.694 and 0.731, respectively. GSEA suggested that immunosuppression existed in high-risk PCa patients. Conclusion CLEC7A and COL11A1 were selected to build a predictive risk model, which may help clinicians to assess the prognosis of PCa patients and select appropriate targets for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bear AS, Fraietta JA, Narayan VK, O'Hara M, Haas NB. Adoptive Cellular Therapy for Solid Tumors. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 41:57-65. [PMID: 34010040 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_321115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy tools include antibodies, vaccines, cytokines, oncolytic viruses, bispecific molecules, and cellular therapies. This review will focus on adoptive cellular therapy, which involves the isolation of a patient's own immune cells followed by their ex vivo expansion and reinfusion. The majority of adoptive cellular therapy strategies utilize T cells isolated from tumor or peripheral blood, but may utilize other immune cell subsets. T-cell therapies in the form of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, T-cell receptor T cells, and CAR T cells may act as "living drugs" as these infused cells expand, engraft, and persist in vivo, allowing adaptability over time and enabling durable remissions in subsets of patients. Adoptive cellular therapy has been less successful in the management of solid tumors because of poor homing, proliferation, and survival of transferred cells. Strategies are discussed, including expression of transgenes to address these hurdles. Additionally, advances in gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and similar technologies are described, which allow for clinically translatable gene-editing strategies to enhance the antitumor activity and to surmount the hostilities advanced by the host and the tumor. Finally, the common toxicities and approaches to mitigate these are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adham S Bear
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vivek K Narayan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark O'Hara
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Naomi B Haas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered T Cell Therapy for the Management of Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020640. [PMID: 33440664 PMCID: PMC7826945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has a vast clinical spectrum from the hormone-sensitive setting to castration-resistant metastatic disease. Thus, chemotherapy regimens and the administration of androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents for advanced PCa have shown limited therapeutic efficacy. Scientific advances in the field of molecular medicine and technological developments over the last decade have paved the path for immunotherapy to become an essential clinical modality for the treatment of patients with metastatic PCa. However, several immunotherapeutic agents have shown poor outcomes in patients with advanced disease, possibly due to the low PCa mutational burden. Adoptive cellular approaches utilizing chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) targeting cancer-specific antigens would be a solution for circumventing the immune tolerance mechanisms. The immunotherapeutic regimen of CAR-T cell therapy has shown potential in the eradication of hematologic malignancies, and current clinical objectives maintain the equivalent efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors, including PCa. This review will explore the current modalities of CAR-T therapy in the disease spectrum of PCa while describing key limitations of this immunotherapeutic approach and discuss future directions in the application of immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic PCa and patients with advanced disease.
Collapse
|
21
|
Westdorp H, Creemers JHA, van Oort IM, Mehra N, Hins-de Bree SM, Figdor CG, Witjes JA, Schreibelt G, de Vries IJM, Gerritsen WR, Ottevanger PB. High Health-Related Quality of Life During Dendritic Cell Vaccination Therapy in Patients With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:536700. [PMID: 33194595 PMCID: PMC7649342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.536700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maintaining health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is highly desirable during systemic therapies for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) were studied in our phase IIa trial on cellular-based immunotherapy with dendritic cells (DC). Methods We treated 21 chemo-naive asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with CRPC with maximally three cycles of DC vaccinations (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02692976). Here, we report the impact of DC vaccination on HRQoL. PROs were assessed using the EORTC-QLQ-C30, the EORTC-QLQ-PR25, Checklist Individual Strength (CIS20-R), and Beck Depression Inventory Primary Care questionnaires. Short-term and long-term vaccine-related effects on HRQoL were studied. Results Questionnaires were collected at baseline (n=20), week 6 (n=19), week 12 (n=18), week 24 (n=13), week 50 (n=8) and week 100 (n=2). No clinically relevant differences in symptom-related outcome, functioning-related outcome, and Global Health Status were observed directly after the first cycle of DC vaccinations (week 6) and at follow-up (week 12) compared to baseline. HRQoL remained high throughout the vaccination cycle and six weeks afterward. In radiographic non-progressive patients, who continued DC vaccination, high HRQoL scores were observed up to one and two years after study enrolment. Conclusions Patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic CRPC show high HRQoL throughout DC-based immunotherapy. This is a clinically relevant finding in this older-aged patient population with advanced prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harm Westdorp
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H A Creemers
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simone M Hins-de Bree
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Winald R Gerritsen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou Y, Yang H, Xia W, Cui L, Xu R, Lu H, Xue D, Tian Z, Ding T, Cao Y, Shi Q, He X. LncRNA MEG3 inhibits the progression of prostate cancer by facilitating H3K27 trimethylation of EN2 through binding to EZH2. J Biochem 2020; 167:295-301. [PMID: 31790140 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to study the effects of intra-nuclear lncRNA MEG3 on the progression of prostate cancer and the underlying mechanisms. Expressions of relative molecules were detected by Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to evaluate the interaction between intra-nuclear MEG3, histone methyltransferase EZH2 and Engrailed-2 (EN2). The impacts of MEG3 on the viability, proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells (PC3) were evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, colony formation and transwell assays, respectively. PC3 cells were transfected with MEG3 and transplanted into nude mice to analyse the effect of MEG3 on tumourigenesis of PC3 cells in vivo. EN2 expression was inversely proportional to MEG3 in the prostate cancer tissues and PC3 cells. RIP results showed that intra-nuclear MEG3 could bind to EZH2. Knockdown of MEG3 and/or EZH2 up-regulated EN2 expression and reduced the recruitment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 to EN2, while over-expressed MEG3 caused opposite effects. MEG3 over-expression suppressed cell viability, colony formation, cell invasion and migration of PC3 cells in vitro and inhibited tumourigenesis of PC3 cells in vivo, while EN2 over-expression diminished the effects. These findings indicated that MEG3 facilitated H3K27 trimethylation of EN2 via binding to EZH2, thus suppressed the development of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongqiong Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Surgical Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Surgical Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Renfang Xu
- Department of Surgical Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Surgical Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of Surgical Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zinong Tian
- Department of Surgical Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Surgical Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunjie Cao
- Department of Surgical Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- Department of Surgical Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Surgical Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chakravarty D, Huang L, Kahn M, Tewari AK. Immunotherapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Current and Emerging Treatment Options. Urol Clin North Am 2020; 47:487-510. [PMID: 33008499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. Prostate cancer has an immunosuppressive microenvironment and a low tumor mutation burden, resulting in low neoantigen expression. The consensus was that immunotherapy would be less effective in prostate cancer. However, recent studies have reported that prostate cancer does have a high number of DNA damage and repair gene defects. Immunotherapies that have been tested in prostate cancer so far have been mainly vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors. A combination of genomically targeted therapies, with approaches to alleviate immune response and thereby make the tumor microenvironment immunologically hot, is promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Chakravarty
- Department of Urology and the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Matthew Kahn
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology and the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Papaevangelou E, Smolarek D, Smith RA, Dasgupta P, Galustian C. Targeting Prostate Cancer Using Intratumoral Cytotopically Modified Interleukin-15 Immunotherapy in a Syngeneic Murine Model. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:115-130. [PMID: 32802803 PMCID: PMC7394845 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s257443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prostate cancer microenvironment is highly immunosuppressive; immune cells stimulated in the periphery by systemic immunotherapies will be rendered inactive once entering this environment. Immunotherapies for prostate cancer need to break this immune tolerance. We have previously identified interleukin-15 (IL-15) as the only cytokine tested that activates and expands immune cells in the presence of prostate cancer cells. In the current study, we aimed to identify a method of boosting the efficacy of IL-15 in prostate cancer. Methods We engineered, by conjugation to a myristoylated peptide, a membrane-localising form of IL-15 (cyto-IL-15) and the checkpoint inhibitor antibodies cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) (cyto-abs) to enable them to bind to cell surfaces by non-specific anchoring to the phospholipid bilayer. The efficacy of these agents was investigated by intratumoral administration either alone (cyto-IL-15 or cyto-abs) or in combination (cyto-combo) in subcutaneous TRAMP-C2 prostate tumors in C57BL/6J mice and compared with their non-modified equivalents in vivo. Following the survival endpoint, histological analyses and RNA sequencing were performed on the tumors. Results Intratumoral injection of cyto-IL-15 or cyto-combo delayed tumor growth by 50% and increased median survival to 28 and 25 days, respectively, compared with vehicle (17 days), whereas non-modified IL-15 or antibodies alone had no significant effects on tumor growth or survival. Histological analysis showed that cyto-IL-15 and cyto-combo increased necrosis and infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 T cells in the tumors compared with vehicle and non-modified agents. Overall, the efficacy of cyto-combo was not superior to that of cyto-IL-15 alone. Conclusion We have demonstrated that intratumoral injection of cyto-IL-15 leads to prostate cancer growth delay, induces tumor necrosis and increases survival. Hence, cytotopic modification in combination with intratumoral injection appears to be a promising novel approach for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Papaevangelou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dorota Smolarek
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard A Smith
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christine Galustian
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang J, Wu D, He Y, Li L, Liu S, Lu J, Gui H, Wang Y, Tao Y, Wang H, Kaushik D, Rodriguez R, Wang Z. Rapamycin inhibits AR signaling pathway in prostate cancer by interacting with the FK1 domain of FKBP51. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 23:100778. [PMID: 32695889 PMCID: PMC7365970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of the androgen receptor signaling pathway in the emasculated environment is the main reason for the occurrence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The immunophilin FKBP51, as a co-chaperone protein, together with Hsp90 help the correct folding of AR. Rapamycin is a known small-molecule inhibitor of FKBP51, but its effect on the FKBP51/AR signaling pathway is not clear. In this study, the interaction mechanism between FKBP51 and rapamycin was investigated using steady-state fluorescence quenching, X-ray crystallization, MTT assay, and qRT-PCR. Steady-state fluorescence quenching assay showed that rapamycin could interact with FKBP51. The crystal of the rapamycin-FKBP51 complex indicated that rapamycin occupies the hydrophobic binding pocket of FK1 domain which is vital for AR activity. The residues involving rapamycin binding are mainly hydrophobic and may overlap with the AR interaction site. Further assays showed that rapamycin could inhibit the androgen-dependent growth of human prostate cancer cells by down-regulating the expression levels of AR activated downstream genes. Taken together, our study demonstrates that rapamycin suppresses AR signaling pathway by interfering with the interaction between AR and FKBP51. The results of this study not only can provide useful information about the interaction mechanism between rapamycin and FKBP51, but also can provide new clues for the treatment of prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Rapamycin occupies the hydrophobic binding pocket of FK1 domain of FKBP51. Rapamycin suppresses the AR signaling pathway by interacting with FKBP51. Rapamycin inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells via the AR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.,School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yongxing He
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Shanhui Liu
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Huiming Gui
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Yan Tao
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dharam Kaushik
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
U Gandhy S, Madan RA, Aragon-Ching JB. The immunotherapy revolution in genitourinary malignancies. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:819-831. [PMID: 32594815 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and therapeutic cancer vaccines have continued to demonstrate survival benefit and durable clinical response in patients with renal cell cancer, prostate cancer and bladder cancer, with limited responses in testicular cancer. The role of immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies in the neo-adjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic setting is actively being explored. We describe the current immunotherapy-related treatment modalities approved for genitourinary cancers, focusing on immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines and other modalities, and highlight ongoing studies involving immunotherapy in these cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti U Gandhy
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071752. [PMID: 32630247 PMCID: PMC7409298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy encompasses a wide range of therapies to engage the immune system to target malignancies. In recent years, immunotherapy has made a major impact on treatment of metastatic cancer and has altered standard of care for many tumor types. However, predicting and understanding responses across tumor types has been challenging. While some metastatic cancers have shown dramatic responses to immunotherapy, such as melanoma, lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer has generally failed to show a significant response. However, small series of prostate cancer patients have shown impressive responses to cellular and immunotherapy. This review summarizes the current data for immunotherapy’s use in prostate cancer, as well as how currently available data might help predict patient responses to immunotherapy. Specifically, we will review vaccine-based therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and future directions that are actively being explored.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
De novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) is small subgroup of prostate cancer associated with poor prognosis. The aim of our study was to assess the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells of de novo mCSPC patients. Patients referred to our institution from January 2007 to October 2017 with de novo mCSPC and available diagnostic tissue were included. We tested the PD-L1 pharmaDx qualitative immunohistochemical assay, a monoclonal rabbit anti-PD-L1, clone 28-8 intended for use in the detection of PD-L1 protein in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survivals according to the expression of PD-L1. The study population included 32 de novo mCSPC patients, analyzed for PD-L1 expression using 2 cut-off values (1% and 5%) to define the positivity. Total of 46.9% of cases had tumor PD-L1 expression ≥1%, and 31.3% had expression ≥5%. No differences were found between the PD-L1 expression ≥1% and the involvement of liver, lung, and number of bone metastases, and the disease volume based on CHAARTED classification. PD-L1 tumors had higher incidence of Gleason score ≥8 compared with PD-L1 tumors (P=0.037), while the incidence of lymph node metastases was higher in PD-L1 tumors (P=0.044). No difference in the median overall survival (mOS) was observed between the PD-L1 population and the PD-L1 patients (43.8 vs. 29.6 mo; P=0.88). The tumor PD-L1 expression cannot be considered a prognostic factor for de novo mCSPC, even if its prognostic and predictive significance have to be thoroughly investigated to better define the selected group of prostate cancer patients that might benefit from checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Bai Z, Jin H, Guo X, Huang X, Li M, Wang M, Shu XS, Yuan Y, Ying Y. CDCA2 Inhibits Apoptosis and Promotes Cell Proliferation in Prostate Cancer and Is Directly Regulated by HIF-1α Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:725. [PMID: 32509575 PMCID: PMC7248370 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major serious malignant tumor and is commonly diagnosed in older men. Identification of novel cancer-related genes in PCa is important for understanding its tumorigenesis mechanism and developing new therapies against PCa. Here, we used RNA sequencing to identify the specific genes, which are upregulated in PCa cell lines and tissues. The cell division cycle associated protein (CDCA) family, which plays a critical role in cell division and proliferation, is upregulated in the PCa cell lines of our RNA-Sequencing data. Moreover, we found that CDCA2 is overexpressed, and its protein level positively correlates with its histological grade, clinical stage, and Gleason Score. CDCA2 was further found to be upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis and patient survival in multiple cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The functional study suggests that inhibition of CDCA2 will lead to apoptosis and lower proliferation in vitro. Silencing of CDCA2 also repressed tumor growth in vivo. Loss of CDCA2 affects several oncogenic pathways, including MAPK signaling. In addition, we further demonstrated that CDCA2 was induced in hypoxia and directly regulated by the HIF-1α/Smad3 complex. Thus, our data indicate that CDCA2 could act as an oncogene and is regulated by hypoxia and the HIF-1αpathway. CDCA2 may be a useful prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingduan Cheng
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Health Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute, PHS, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongyuan Bai
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongtao Jin
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yeqing Yuan
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Carlson RD, Flickinger JC, Snook AE. Talkin' Toxins: From Coley's to Modern Cancer Immunotherapy. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E241. [PMID: 32283684 PMCID: PMC7232517 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the immune system to precisely target and eliminate aberrant or infected cells has long been studied in the field of infectious diseases. Attempts to define and exploit these potent immunological processes in the fight against cancer has been a longstanding effort dating back over 100 years to when Dr. William Coley purposefully infected cancer patients with a cocktail of heat-killed bacteria to stimulate anti-cancer immune processes. Although the field of cancer immunotherapy has been dotted with skepticism at times, the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors and recent FDA approvals of autologous cell therapies have pivoted immunotherapy to center stage as one of the most promising strategies to treat cancer. This review aims to summarize historic milestones throughout the field of cancer immunotherapy as well as highlight current and promising immunotherapies in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam E. Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (R.D.C.); (J.C.F.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Westdorp H, Creemers JHA, van Oort IM, Schreibelt G, Gorris MAJ, Mehra N, Simons M, de Goede AL, van Rossum MM, Croockewit AJ, Figdor CG, Witjes JA, Aarntzen EHJG, Mus RDM, Brüning M, Petry K, Gotthardt M, Barentsz JO, de Vries IJM, Gerritsen WR. Blood-derived dendritic cell vaccinations induce immune responses that correlate with clinical outcome in patients with chemo-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:302. [PMID: 31727154 PMCID: PMC6854814 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical benefit of cellular immunotherapy has been shown in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We investigated the immunological response and clinical outcome of vaccination with blood-derived CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs; cDC2) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). METHODS In this randomized phase IIa trial, 21 chemo-naive CRPC patients received maximally 9 vaccinations with mature mDCs, pDCs or a combination of mDCs plus pDCs. DCs were stimulated with protamine/mRNA and loaded with tumor-associated antigens NY-ESO-1, MAGE-C2 and MUC1. Primary endpoint was the immunological response after DC vaccination, which was monitored in peripheral blood and in T cell cultures of biopsies of post-treatment delayed-type hypersensitivity-skin tests. Main secondary endpoints were safety, feasibility, radiological PFS (rPFS) and overall survival. Radiological responses were assessed by MRIs and contrast-enhanced 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT, according to RECIST 1.1, PCWG2 criteria and immune-related response criteria. RESULTS Both tetramer/dextramer-positive (dm+) and IFN-γ-producing (IFN-γ+) antigen specific T cells were detected more frequently in skin biopsies of patients with radiological non-progressive disease (5/13 patients; 38%) compared to patients with progressive disease (0/8 patients; 0%). In these patients with vaccination enhanced dm+ and IFN-γ+ antigen-specific T cells median rPFS was 18.8 months (n = 5) vs. 5.1 months (n = 16) in patients without IFN-γ-producing antigen-specific T cells (p = 0.02). The overall median rPFS was 9.5 months. All DC vaccines were well tolerated with grade 1-2 toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Immunotherapy with blood-derived DC subsets was feasible and safe and induced functional antigen-specific T cells. The presence of functional antigen-specific T cells correlated with an improved clinical outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02692976, registered 26 February 2016, retrospectively registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harm Westdorp
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H A Creemers
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M van Oort
- Department of Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A J Gorris
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Simons
- Department of Pathology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna L de Goede
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel D M Mus
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katja Petry
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle O Barentsz
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Winald R Gerritsen
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Skalina KA, Singh S, Chavez CG, Macian F, Guha C. Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LOFU)-mediated Acoustic Immune Priming and Ablative Radiation Therapy for in situ Tumor Vaccines. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15516. [PMID: 31664044 PMCID: PMC6820551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal ablative therapies have been primarily used for local tumor ablation. However, they often fail to impact systemic disease. Here we propose the use of low intensity focused ultrasound (LOFU), a noninvasive, nontoxic, conformal therapy, to deliver acoustic stress to the tumor for immune priming. We demonstrate that LOFU significantly induces expression and cell surface localization of heat shock proteins in murine breast (4T1) and prostate adenocarcinoma (TPSA23) cancer cell lines. In vivo LOFU followed by ablative radiation therapy (RT) results in primary tumor cure, upregulation of a cytotoxic immune response and induction of immunological memory by inhibiting secondary tumor growth upon re-challenge with tumor cells. We, therefore, describe a regimen of a combination therapy with noninvasive, acoustic immune priming and ablative radiation therapy to generate an in situ tumor vaccine, induce CD8+ T cells against tumor-associated antigens and provide a viable oncologic treatment option for solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Skalina
- Departments of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Onco-Physics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Gutierrez Chavez
- Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Onco-Physics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Fernando Macian
- Departments of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Departments of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Institute for Onco-Physics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mao W, Ghasemzadeh A, Freeman ZT, Obradovic A, Chaimowitz MG, Nirschl TR, McKiernan E, Yegnasubramanian S, Drake CG. Immunogenicity of prostate cancer is augmented by BET bromodomain inhibition. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:277. [PMID: 31653272 PMCID: PMC6814994 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer responds poorly to current immunotherapies. Epigenetic therapies such as BET Bromodomain inhibition can change the transcriptome of tumor cells, possibly making them more immunogenic and thus susceptible to immune targeting. Methods We characterized the effects of BET bromodomain inhibition using JQ1 on PD-L1 and HLA-ABC expression in two human prostate cell lines, DU145 and PC3. RNA-Seq was performed to assess changes on a genome-wide level. A cytotoxic T cell killing assay was performed in MC38-OVA cells treated with JQ1 to demonstrate increased immunogenicity. In vivo experiments in the Myc-Cap model were conducted to show the effects of JQ1 administration in concert with anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade. Results Here, we show that targeting BET bromodomains using the small molecule inhibitor JQ1 decreased PD-L1 expression and mitigated tumor progression in prostate cancer models. Mechanistically, BET bromodomain inhibition increased MHC I expression and increased the immunogenicity of tumor cells. Transcriptional profiling showed that BET bromodomain inhibition regulates distinct networks of antigen processing and immune checkpoint molecules. In murine models, treatment with JQ1 was additive with anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy, resulting in an increased CD8/Treg ratio. Conclusions BET Bromodomain inhibition can mediate changes in expression at a genome wide level in prostate cancer cells, resulting in an increased susceptibility to CD8 T cell targeting. These data suggest that combining BET bromodomain inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade may have clinical activity in prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Mao
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zachary T Freeman
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (ULAM), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aleksandar Obradovic
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia University Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Matthew G Chaimowitz
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Thomas R Nirschl
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Emily McKiernan
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology / Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 6GN-435, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Schepisi G, Cursano MC, Casadei C, Menna C, Altavilla A, Lolli C, Cerchione C, Paganelli G, Santini D, Tonini G, Martinelli G, De Giorgi U. CAR-T cell therapy: a potential new strategy against prostate cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:258. [PMID: 31619289 PMCID: PMC6794851 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the main causes of cancer-related death in men. In the present immunotherapy era, several immunotherapeutic agents have been evaluated in PCa with poor results, possibly due to its low mutational burden. The recent development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy redirected against cancer-specific antigens would seem to provide the means for bypassing immune tolerance mechanisms. CAR-T cell therapy has proven effective in eradicating hematologic malignancies and the challenge now is to obtain the same degree of in solid tumors, including PCa. In this study we review the principles that have guided the engineering of CAR-T cells and the specific prostatic antigens identified as possible targets for immunological and non-immunological therapies. We also provide a state-of-the-art overview of CAR-T cell therapy in PCa, defining the key obstacles to its development and underlining the mechanisms used to overcome these barriers. At present, although there are still many unanswered questions regarding CAR-T cell therapy, there is no doubt that it has the potential to become an important treatment option for urological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy.
| | | | - Chiara Casadei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Cecilia Menna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Amelia Altavilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Cristian Lolli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paganelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu B, Yan L, Zhou M. Target selection of CAR T cell therapy in accordance with the TME for solid tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:228-241. [PMID: 30906625 PMCID: PMC6405971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR T) cell therapy has made great progress in hematological malignancies and resulted in two newly FDA-approved drugs specific for CD19, Kymriah and Yescarta. To some extent, this success is attributable to the appropriately selected antigen, CD19, a cell surface protein that is uniformly and strongly expressed on malignant B cells. This result indicates that a proper CAR target is of great importance to the success of this technique. Another key factor contributing to the success of hematological malignancies can be ascribed to the nonphysical tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME in solid tumors is complicated and has a specific niche favorable for tumor progression with physical barriers, multiple mechanisms of immunosuppression, and a variety of biochemical factors, thus resulting in limited efficacy of CAR T cell therapy in clinical trials with cancer patients. Therefore, the inhospitable solid TME becomes a major hurdle in translating the success of CAR T cell therapy in hematological malignancies to solid tumors. Here, we provide our perspective on how to improve the success of CAR T therapy in solid tumors by focusing on the aspects of target selection and the related TME in CAR T cell design, especially stressing the interplay between them. With four kinds of antigenic CAR targets as examples in this review, we anticipate that the overall consideration of both factors will further expand CAR T cell therapy in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bainan Liu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lingli Yan
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Comiskey MC, Dallos MC, Drake CG. Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer: Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks. Curr Oncol Rep 2018; 20:75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-018-0712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
37
|
Lamb AD, Bryant RJ, Mills IG, Hamdy FC. First Report of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-targeted Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer: The Future is Bright. Eur Urol 2018; 73:653-655. [PMID: 29458983 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair D Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Richard J Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Overexpression of a novel candidate oncogene KIF14 correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45459-45469. [PMID: 28525372 PMCID: PMC5542200 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of death from cancer in men. The mechanism underlying tumorigenesis and development of PCa is largely unknown. Here, we identified Kinesin family member 14 (KIF14) as a novel candidate oncogene in PCa. We found that KIF14 was overexpressed in multiple PCa cell lines and primary PCa tissues. Knockdown of KIF14 in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-sequencing demonstrated that KIF4 suppression led to transcriptional changes of genes involved in p53 and TGF-beta signaling pathway. In addition, upregulated expression of GADD45A, GADD45B, p21, PIDD and Shisa5, which contribute to growth arrest and apoptosis induction, and downregulated CCNB1 that promotes cell cycle progression were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR after KIF4 knockdown. We further found that KIF14 protein level was positively correlated with T stage and Gleason Score. Patients with higher KIF14 expression had shorter overall survival time than those with lower KIF14 expression. Thus, our data indicate that KIF14 could act as a potential oncogene that contributes to tumor progression and poor prognosis in PCa, which may represent a novel and useful prognostic biomarker for PCa.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang G, Han G, Zhang X, Yu Q, Li Z, Li Z, Li J. Long non-coding RNA FENDRR reduces prostate cancer malignancy by competitively binding miR-18a-5p with RUNX1. Biomarkers 2018; 23:435-445. [PMID: 29465000 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1443509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men in the western world. OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate the biological role of long non-coding RNA FENDRR and its mechanism in PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined the expression of FENDRR and miR-18a-5p in PCa tissues and examined the regulatory mechanism in PCa cell lines. RESULTS FENDRR transcripts in human PCa tissues were significantly decreased compared with the normal controls. Reduced expression of FENDRR was correlated with the increase of pathological degree and poor prognosis in PCa patients. Upregulation of FENDRR inhibited cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and decreased invasion and migration ability, which was inhibited by miR-18a-5p mimic. Knockdown of FENDRR resulted in a significant increase of PCa cell proliferation and decrease of apoptosis and this effect was inhibited miR-18a-5p inhibitor. FENDRR and RUNX1 contain potential target sites for miR-18a-5p. miR-18a-5p mimic inhibited RUNX1 expression and luciferase activity. FENDRR could increase RUNX1 expression, which was inhibited by miR-18a-5p. The effect of FENDRR on cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion and migration ability was suppressed by silence of RUNX1. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results position FENDRR/miR-18a-5p/RUNX1 as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Zhang
- a The Second Department of Urinary Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , Henan , China
| | - Guangye Han
- a The Second Department of Urinary Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , Henan , China
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- b The First Department of Urinary Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , Henan , China
| | - Quanfeng Yu
- a The Second Department of Urinary Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , Henan , China
| | - Zeyu Li
- a The Second Department of Urinary Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , Henan , China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- a The Second Department of Urinary Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , Henan , China
| | - Jianchang Li
- b The First Department of Urinary Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , Henan , China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xu L, Shen M, Chen X, Yang DR, Tsai Y, Keng PC, Lee SO, Chen Y. In vitro-induced M2 type macrophages induces the resistance of prostate cancer cells to cytotoxic action of NK cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 364:113-123. [PMID: 29408565 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports, including our experimental results, showed that macrophages migrate to prostate cancer (PCa) cells. We tested whether the migrated macrophages affect the susceptibility of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) cells to cytotoxic actions of natural killer (NK) cells. We found treatment of tumor cells with the conditioned media (CM) of the PMA/IL-4 treated THP-1 cells (M2 type macrophages) (THP-1 CM) decreased the susceptibility of tumor cells to NK cell cytotoxicity, as a result of increased programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) and decreased NK group 2D (NKG2D) ligands in CRPC cells. Meanwhile, the decreased susceptibility of tumor cells was also detected when NK cells were treated with THP-1 CM and used in NK cell cytotoxicity tests. Therefore, we observed higher resistance of CRPC cells when both tumor and NK cells were treated with THP-1 CM than when tumor cells or NK cells were individually treated. We further discovered that the PMA/IL-4 treated THP-1 cells secrete a high level of IL-6, so blocking the IL-6 action significantly decreased the PD-L1 level while recovering the NKG2D ligands, thus increasing the susceptibility of CRPC cells to NK cell action. Moreover, we discovered that JAK-Stat3 is the most critical IL-6 downstream signaling in triggering the THP-1 CM effect. Consequently, we found the susceptibility of CRPC cells to NK cells was increased when either JAK or Stat 3 inhibitor was added when tumor cells were treated with THP-1 CM, and that the best effect was observed when the JAK inhibitor and PD-L1 Ab were added together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Mingjing Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Dong-Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Ying Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Peter C Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen X, Nagai Y, Zhu Z, Ruan H, Peehl DM, Greene MI, Zhang H. A spliced form of CD44 expresses the unique glycan that is recognized by the prostate cancer specific antibody F77. Oncotarget 2018; 9:3631-3640. [PMID: 29423071 PMCID: PMC5790488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer occurring in men in the United States. The monoclonal antibody F77 that was originally developed in our laboratory recognizes mainly glycolipids as well as O-linked glycosylation on proteins in prostate cancer cells. We have identified a spliced form of glycoprotein CD44 as one critical protein expressing the F77 antigen. The F77-specific glycosylation occurs on multiple potential glycosylation sites on the CD44 protein encoded by the fourteenth exon. CD44 is a tumor stem cell marker and is known to induce tumor stemness and metastasis. Knockdown of CD44 or FUT1 genes dramatically reduced F77-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. We developed an ELISA using both a CD44 antibody and F77 to identify the special form of glycosylated CD44 from prostate cancer cells as well as from serum samples of prostate cancer patients. These results reveal a CD44-dependent mechanism for F77 to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and a new strategy for the detection of glycosylated CD44 proteins secreted by prostate cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Nagai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hang Ruan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donna M. Peehl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark I. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Magnitude of PD-1, PD-L1 and T Lymphocyte Expression on Tissue from Castration-Resistant Prostate Adenocarcinoma: An Exploratory Analysis. Target Oncol 2017; 11:345-51. [PMID: 26566945 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-015-0396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recent therapeutic strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer have focused on immunomodulation, especially the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway related to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Few cases of castration-resistant prostate adenocarcinoma have been tested simultaneously for PD-1, PD-L1 and T lymphocytes in cancerous tissue. We quantified the PD-1/PD-L1 immune pathway and T lymphocyte infiltrates in a series of patients with castrate-resistant prostate adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression of PD-1, PD-L1, CD3 and FOXP3 was identified in tissue microarrays, with five tissue spots per patient from 16 patients over at least 5 years of follow-up. Two scores were defined. The first described the percentage of PD-1-positive T lymphocytes (CD3+): negative (0), <5 %; low (1+), 5-30 %; high (2+), >30 %. The second described PD-L1 staining intensity: 0 (no signal), 1+ (light signal), 2+ (high signal) in >50 % of neoplastic cells. RESULTS Tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (CD3+) were seen in 11/16 cases (69 %). Nine of 16 cases expressed PD-1 (56 %), among which 19 % were scored 2+. Eight of 16 cases expressed PD-L1 (50 %), with 19 % scored as strong 2+. The subgroup with high PD1/PD-L1 also exhibited FOXP3 expression. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 19 % of patients in our series showed simultaneous high PD-1/PD-L1 immunoscores, and were the best candidates for receiving targeted anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, as determined using a tissue based rationale.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang C, Liu C, Wu J, Zheng Y, Xu H, Cheng G, Hua L. Upregulation of long noncoding RNA LOC440040 promotes tumor progression and predicts poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4945-4954. [PMID: 29066914 PMCID: PMC5644598 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s138354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a functional role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to determine differentially expressed lncRNA through high-throughput sequencing technology and investigate its expression, biological function and clinical correlation with PCa. Materials and methods Candidate lncRNAs were identified through microarray screening and bioanalysis. The expression of lncRNA LOC440040 in PCa tissues and cell lines was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between LOC440040 level and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed by paired t-test or chi-square test, and its association with patient prognosis was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method. The effects of LOC440040 on PC-3 and 22RV1 cells were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), migration, invasion and colony formation assays. Results LOC440040 expression was upregulated in PCa tissues and cell lines. Clinicopathological analysis showed that patients with high LOC440040 expression exhibited more advanced clinical features and shorter overall survival than those with low LOC440040 expression. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that LOC440040 expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with PCa. Knockdown of LOC440040 inhibited PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusion LOC440040 may play an oncogenic role in PCa initiation and progression. This lncRNA could be a novel molecular prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Gaoyou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yangzhou 225600.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225500
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029
| | - Haoxiang Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029
| | - Lixin Hua
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
ALBERTI C. Prostate cancer immunotherapy, particularly in combination with androgen deprivation or radiation treatment. Customized pharmacogenomic approaches to overcome immunotherapy cancer resistance. G Chir 2017; 37:225-235. [PMID: 28098061 PMCID: PMC5256907 DOI: 10.11138/gchir/2016.37.5.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conventional therapeutic approaches for advanced prostate cancer - such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, radiation - come up often against lack of effectiveness because of possible arising of correlative cancer cell resistance and/or inadequate anti-tumor immune conditions. Whence the timeliness of resorting to immune-based treatment strategies including either therapeutic vaccination-based active immunotherapy or anti-tumor monoclonal antibody-mediated passive immunotherapy. Particularly attractive, as for research studies and clinical applications, results to be the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte check point blockade by the use of anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, particularly when combined with androgen deprivation therapy or radiation. Unlike afore said immune check point inhibitors, both cell-based (by the use of prostate specific antigen carriers autologous dendritic cells or even whole cancer cells) and recombinant viral vector vaccines are able to induce immune-mediated focused killing of specific antigen-presenting prostate cancer cells. Such vaccines, either used alone or concurrently/sequentially combined with above-mentioned conventional therapies, led to generally reach, in the field of various clinical trials, reasonable results particularly as regards the patient's overall survival. Adoptive trasferred T-cells, as adoptive T-cell passive immunotherapy, and monoclonal antibodies against specific antigen-endowed prostate cancer cells can improve immune micro-environmental conditions. On the basis of a preliminary survey about various immunotherapy strategies, are here also outlined their effects when combined with androgen deprivation therapy or radiation. What's more, as regard the immune-based treatment effectiveness, it has to be pointed out that suitable personalized epigenetic/gene profile-achieved pharmacogenomic approaches to target identified gene aberrations, may lead to overcome - as well as for conventional therapies - possible prostate cancer resistance to immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
45
|
Nejatollahi F, Bayat P, Moazen B. Cell growth inhibition and apoptotic effects of a specific anti-RTFscFv antibody on prostate cancer, but not glioblastoma, cells. F1000Res 2017; 6:156. [PMID: 28491282 PMCID: PMC5399964 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10803.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Single chain antibody (scFv) has shown interesting results in cancer immunotargeting approaches, due to its advantages over monoclonal antibodies. Regeneration and tolerance factor (RTF) is one of the most important regulators of extracellular and intracellular pH in eukaryotic cells. In this study, the inhibitory effects of a specific anti-RTF scFv were investigated and compared between three types of prostate cancer and two types of glioblastoma cells.
Methods: A phage antibody display library of scFv was used to select specific scFvs against RTF using panning process. The reactivity of a selected scFv was assessed by phage ELISA. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of the antibody on prostate cancer (PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP) and glioblastoma (U-87 MG and A-172) cell lines were investigated by MTT and Annexin V/PI assays.
Results: A specific scFv with frequency 35% was selected against RTF epitope. This significantly inhibited the proliferation of the prostate cells after 24 h. The percentages of cell viability (using 1000 scFv/cell) were 52, 61 and 73% for PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP cells, respectively, compared to untreated cells. The antibody (1000 scFv/cell) induced apoptosis at 50, 40 and 25% in PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP cells, respectively. No growth inhibition and apoptotic induction was detected for U-87 and A172 glioblastoma cells.
Conclusions: Anti-RTFscFv significantly reduced the proliferation of the prostate cancer cells. The inhibition of cell growth and apoptotic induction effects in PC-3 cells were greater than Du-145 and LNCaP cells. This might be due to higher expression of RTF antigen in PC-3 cells and/or better accessibility of RTF to scFv antibody. The resistance of glioblastoma cells to anti-RTF scFv offers the existence of mechanism(s) that abrogate the inhibitory effect(s) of the antibody to RTF. The results suggest that the selected anti-RTF scFv antibody could be an effective new alternative for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS research center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Payam Bayat
- Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Moazen
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS research center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li T, Hong X, Zhao J, Teng Y, Zheng J, Chen H, Chen H, Li H. Gelsolin-like actin-capping protein is associated with patient prognosis, cellular apoptosis and proliferation in prostate cancer. Biomark Med 2016; 10:1251-1260. [PMID: 27924630 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of gelsolin-like actin-capping protein (CapG) in prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS & METHODS CapG expression and its correlation with clinicopathological characters and patient prognosis were analyzed in 76 cases of PCa by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Then, the influence of CapG downregulation on cell apoptosis and proliferation were assessed. RESULTS CapG expression in PCa was significantly higher compared with those in matched adjacent noncancerous prostate tissues, and significantly correlated with clinicopathological characters. Survival analysis indicated that CapG could be an independent prognostic factor in PCa. Moreover, CapG depletion significantly affected cellular proliferation and apoptosis by regulating Caspase 6/Caspase 9/Bcl-2/p-Akt/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION CapG, as a potential biomarker in PCa, is associated with patient prognosis, cellular apoptosis and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tieqiu Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xiuqin Hong
- Institute of Gerontology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Yili Teng
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Jue Zheng
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Henggui Chen
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Huahua Li
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Scheid E, Major P, Bergeron A, Finn OJ, Salter RD, Eady R, Yassine-Diab B, Favre D, Peretz Y, Landry C, Hotte S, Mukherjee SD, Dekaban GA, Fink C, Foster PJ, Gaudet J, Gariepy J, Sekaly RP, Lacombe L, Fradet Y, Foley R. Tn-MUC1 DC Vaccination of Rhesus Macaques and a Phase I/II Trial in Patients with Nonmetastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:881-892. [PMID: 27604597 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 is a glycoprotein expressed on the apical surface of ductal epithelial cells. Malignant transformation results in loss of polarization and overexpression of hypoglycosylated MUC1 carrying truncated carbohydrates known as T or Tn tumor antigens. Tumor MUC1 bearing Tn carbohydrates (Tn-MUC1) represent a potential target for immunotherapy. We evaluated the Tn-MUC1 glycopeptide in a human phase I/II clinical trial for safety that followed a preclinical study of different glycosylation forms of MUC1 in rhesus macaques, whose MUC1 is highly homologous to human MUC1. Either unglycosylated rhesus macaque MUC1 peptide (rmMUC1) or Tn-rmMUC1 glycopeptide was mixed with an adjuvant or loaded on autologous dendritic cells (DC), and responses were compared. Unglycosylated rmMUC1 peptide induced negligible humoral or cellular responses compared with the Tn-rmMUC1 glycopeptide. Tn-rmMUC1 loaded on DCs induced the highest anti-rmMUC1 T-cell responses and no clinical toxicity. In the phase I/II clinical study, 17 patients with nonmetastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) were tested with a Tn-MUC1 glycopeptide-DC vaccine. Patients were treated with multiple intradermal and intranodal doses of autologous DCs, which were loaded with the Tn-MUC1 glycopeptide (and KLH as a positive control for immune reactivity). PSA doubling time (PSADT) improved significantly in 11 of 16 evaluable patients (P = 0.037). Immune response analyses detected significant Tn-MUC1-specific CD4+ and/or CD8+ T-cell intracellular cytokine responses in 5 out of 7 patients evaluated. In conclusion, vaccination with Tn-MUC1-loaded DCs in nmCRPC patients appears to be safe, able to induce significant T-cell responses, and have biological activity as measured by the increase in PSADT following vaccination. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(10); 881-92. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Major
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada. Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Russell D Salter
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robin Eady
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Corby Fink
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Jean Gariepy
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Louis Lacombe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada. Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada. Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mataraza JM, Gotwals P. Recent advances in immuno-oncology and its application to urological cancers. BJU Int 2016; 118:506-14. [PMID: 27123757 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in immuno-oncology have the potential to transform the practice of medical oncology. Antibodies directed against negative regulators of T-cell function (checkpoint inhibitors), engineered cell therapies and innate immune stimulators, such as oncolytic viruses, are effective in a wide range of cancers. Immune'based therapies have had a clinically meaningful impact on the treatment of advanced melanoma, and the lessons regarding use of single agents and combinations in melanoma may be applicable to the treatment of urological cancers. Checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine therapy and therapeutic vaccines are already showing promise in urothelial bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer. Critical areas of future immuno-oncology research include the prospective identification of patients who will respond to current immune-based cancer therapies and the identification of new therapeutic agents that promote immune priming in tumours, and increase the rate of durable clinical responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Mataraza
- Exploratory Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Philip Gotwals
- Exploratory Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Modena A, Ciccarese C, Iacovelli R, Brunelli M, Montironi R, Fiorentino M, Tortora G, Massari F. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Prostate Cancer: A New Frontier? Oncol Rev 2016; 10:293. [PMID: 27471580 PMCID: PMC4943092 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2016.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), agents that provide durable disease control and long-term survival are still needed. It is a fact that a tumor-induced immunosuppressive status (mediated by aberrant activation of inhibitory immune checkpoint pathways as a mechanism to evade host immune surveillance) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cancer, including prostate cancer (PC), making CRPC patients suitable candidates for immunotherapy. Therefore, growing interest of anticancer research aims at blocking immune checkpoints (mainly targeting CTLA-4 and PD1/PD-L1 pathways) to restore and enhance cellular-mediated antitumor immunity and achieve durable tumor regression. In this review, we describe the current knowledge regarding the role of immune checkpoints in mediating PC progression, focusing on CTLA-4 and PD1 pathways. We also provide current clinical data available, an update on ongoing trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in PC. Finally, we discuss the necessity to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers of immune activity, and we analyze new immune checkpoints with a role as promising targets for PC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, University-Hospital of Verona , Verona, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, School of Medicine , Ancona, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Pathology Service, Addarii Institute of Oncology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Luna-Coronell JA, Vierlinger K, Gamperl M, Hofbauer J, Berger I, Weinhäusel A. The prostate cancer immunome: In silico functional analysis of antigenic proteins from microarray profiling with IgG. Proteomics 2016; 16:1204-14. [PMID: 27089054 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The study of the immunome of prostate cancer (PCa) and characterization of autoantibody signature from differentially reactive antigens can uncover disease stage proteins, reveal enriched networks and even expose aberrant cellular mechanisms during the disease process. By conducting plasma IgG profiling on protein microarrays presenting 5449 unique human proteins expressed in 15 417 E. coli human cDNA expression clones, we elucidated 471 (21 higher reactive in PCa) differentially reactive antigens in 50 PCa versus 49 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) at initial diagnosis. Functional analyzes show that the immune-profile of PCa compared to BPH control samples is significantly enriched in features targeting Cellular assembly, Cell death and pathways involved in Cell cycle, translation, and assembly of proteins as EIF2 signaling, PCa related genes as AXIN1 and TP53, and ribosomal proteins (e.g. RPS10). An overlap of 61 (out of 471) DIRAGs with the published 1545 antigens from the SEREX database has been found, however those were higher reactive in BPH. Clinical relevance is shown when antibody-reactivities against eight proteins were significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with Gleason-score. Herewith we provide a biological and pathophysiological characterization of the immunological layer of cancerous (PCa) versus benign (BPH) disease, derived from antibody profiling on protein microarrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johana A Luna-Coronell
- Molecular Diagnostics, Health & Environment Department, Austrian Institute of Technology - AIT, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Vierlinger
- Molecular Diagnostics, Health & Environment Department, Austrian Institute of Technology - AIT, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Gamperl
- Molecular Diagnostics, Health & Environment Department, Austrian Institute of Technology - AIT, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ingrid Berger
- Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Molecular Diagnostics, Health & Environment Department, Austrian Institute of Technology - AIT, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|