1
|
Marima R, Basera A, Miya T, Damane BP, Kandhavelu J, Mirza S, Penny C, Dlamini Z. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in cancer: Interplay, modulation, and therapeutic avenues. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:887-900. [PMID: 38616862 PMCID: PMC11015109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the intricate field of cancer biology, researchers are increasingly intrigued by the emerging role of exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) due to their multifaceted interactions, complex modulation mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications. These exosomal lncRNAs, carried within extracellular vesicles, play a vital partin tumorigenesis and disease progression by facilitating communication networks between tumor cells and their local microenvironment, making them an ideal candidates for use in a liquid biopsy approach. However, exosomal lncRNAs remain an understudied area, especially in cancer biology. Therefore this review aims to comprehensively explore the dynamic interplay between exosomal lncRNAs and various cellular components, including interactions with tumor-stroma, immune modulation, and drug resistance mechanisms. Understanding the regulatory functions of exosomal lncRNAs in these processes can potentially unveil novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Additionally, the emergence of RNA-based therapeutics presents exciting opportunities for targeting exosomal lncRNAs, offering innovative strategies to combat cancer progression and improve treatment outcomes. Thus, this review provides insights into the current understanding of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology, highlighting their crucial roles, regulatory mechanisms, and the evolving landscape of therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, we have also discussed the advantage of exosomes as therapeutic carriers of lncRNAs for the development of personalized targeted therapy for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Afra Basera
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thabiso Miya
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sheefa Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Wang C, Li Q, Guan Y, Zhang X, Kong F, Feng Z, Lu Y, Wang D, Wang N. Exosomes as a modulator of immune resistance in human cancers. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:135-149. [PMID: 37543438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), exosomes secreted by cells form interactive networks between the tumor cells and immune cells, thereby regulating immune signaling cascades in the TME. As key messengers of cell-to-cell communication in the TME, exosomes not only take charge of tumor cell antigen presentation to the immune cells, but also regulate the activities of immune cells, inhibit immune function, and, especially, promote immune resistance, all of which affects the therapeutic outcomes of tumors. Exosomes, which are small-sized vesicles, possess some remarkable advantages, including strong biological activity, a lack of immunogenicity and toxicity, and a strong targeting ability. Based on these characteristics, research on exosomes as biomarkers or carriers of tumor therapeutic drugs has become a research hotspot in related fields. This review describes the role of exosomes in cell communications in the TME, summarizes the effectiveness of exosome-based immunotherapy in overcoming immune resistance in cancer treatment, and systematically summarizes and discusses the characteristics of exosomes from different cell sources. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of exosome-related therapies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Qiucheng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yue Guan
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Fange Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zixin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Di Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A Comparative Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles' Local and Systemic Dose-Dependent Administration in Rat Spinal Cord Injury. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121853. [PMID: 36552362 PMCID: PMC9775578 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological condition that causes severe disability. One of the approaches to overcoming the complications of SCI is stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy. In this research, we performed a comparative evaluation of rat spinal cord post-traumatic regeneration efficacy using different methods of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EV transplantation (local vs. systemic) followed by evaluation of their minimal therapeutic dose. The results suggested that MSC-EV therapy could improve locomotor activity over 60 days after the SCI, showing a dose-dependent effect on the recovery of spinal cord motor pathways. We also established the possibility of maintaining a population of mature oligodendrocytes by MSC-EVs. It was observed that in the spinal cord injury area, intravenous transplantation of MSC-EVs showed more pronounced therapeutic effects compared to the treatment of fibrin matrix-encapsulated MSC-EVs.
Collapse
|
4
|
Syed MH, Zahari MAKM, Khan MMR, Beg MDH, Abdullah N. An overview on recent biomedical applications of biopolymers: Their role in drug delivery systems and comparison of major systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
5
|
Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. Extracellular vesicle-based checkpoint regulation and immune state in cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:225. [PMID: 36175741 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells exploit several mechanisms for hijacking an immunosuppressive tumor ecosystem in order to evade immune surveillance and to progress toward metastasis. Equipment of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with checkpoints is an example of cancer control over anti-tumor responses from immune system. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a checkpoint highly expressed in a tumor at progressive stage. Interactions between PD-L1 with its receptor programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) expressed on T cells will block the effector function of CD8+ T cells, known as one of the most important defensive cells against cancer. Evaluation of circulatory exosomal PD-L1 can be a prognostic biomarker in tumor diagnosis and responses to the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, and can be considered as a tool in clinical practice for exploiting personalized therapy. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is also a checkpoint that its engagement with CD80/CD86 expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs) hamper the priming phase of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Harvesting EVs from tumor and their modification with desired anti-checkpoint antibodies can be a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. The aim of this review is to discuss about EV roles in checkpoint regulation, cancer diagnosis and ICI responses, and to survey possible application of such vesicles in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dai X, Ye Y, He F. Emerging innovations on exosome-based onco-therapeutics. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865245. [PMID: 36119094 PMCID: PMC9473149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles for intercellular communications, are gaining rapid momentum as a novel strategy for the diagnosis and therapeutics of a spectrum of diseases including cancers. Secreted by various cell sources, exosomes pertain numerous functionalities from their parental cells and have enhanced stability that enable them with many features favorable for clinical use and commercialization. This paper focuses on the possible roles of exosomes in cancer therapeutics and reviews current exosome-based innovations toward enhanced cancer management and challenges that limit their clinical translation. Importantly, this paper casts insights on how cold atmospheric plasma, an emerging anticancer strategy, may aid in innovations on exosome-based onco-therapeutics toward improved control over cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- CAPsoul Medical Biotechnology Company, Ltd., Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fule He, ; Yongju Ye,
| | - Yongju Ye
- Department of Gynaecology, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, China
- *Correspondence: Fule He, ; Yongju Ye,
| | - Fule He
- Department of Gynaecology, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, China
- *Correspondence: Fule He, ; Yongju Ye,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Debom GN, Rubenich DS, Braganhol E. Adenosinergic Signaling as a Key Modulator of the Glioma Microenvironment and Reactive Astrocytes. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:648476. [PMID: 35069091 PMCID: PMC8766410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.648476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are numerous glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles in brain homeostasis. These cells can directly communicate with neurons by releasing gliotransmitters, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate, into the multipartite synapse. Moreover, astrocytes respond to tissue injury in the CNS environment. Recently, astrocytic heterogeneity and plasticity have been discussed by several authors, with studies proposing a spectrum of astrocytic activation characterized by A1/neurotoxic and A2/neuroprotective polarization extremes. The fundamental roles of astrocytes in communicating with other cells and sustaining homeostasis are regulated by purinergic signaling. In the CNS environment, the gliotransmitter ATP acts cooperatively with other glial signaling molecules, such as cytokines, which may impact CNS functions by facilitating/inhibiting neurotransmitter release. Adenosine (ADO), the main product of extracellular ATP metabolism, is an important homeostatic modulator and acts as a neuromodulator in synaptic transmission via P1 receptor sensitization. Furthermore, purinergic signaling is a key factor in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as damaged cells release ATP, leading to ADO accumulation in the TME through the ectonucleotidase cascade. Indeed, the enzyme CD73, which converts AMP to ADO, is overexpressed in glioblastoma cells; this upregulation is associated with tumor aggressiveness. Because of the crucial activity of CD73 in these cells, extracellular ADO accumulation in the TME contributes to sustaining glioblastoma immune escape while promoting A2-like activation. The present review describes the importance of ADO in modulating astrocyte polarization and simultaneously promoting tumor growth. We also discuss whether targeting of CD73 to block ADO production can be used as an alternative cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N Debom
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dominique S Rubenich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Cardiologia - Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stephen B, Hajjar J. Immune System in Action. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1342:1-43. [PMID: 34972961 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-79308-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor exists as a complex network of structures with an ability to evolve and evade the host immune surveillance mechanism. The immune milieu which includes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, mast cells, B cells, and T cells is found in the core, the invasive margin, or the adjacent stromal or lymphoid component of the tumor. The immune infiltrate is heterogeneous and varies within a patient and between patients of the same tumor histology. The location, density, functionality, and the crosstalk between the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment influence the nature of immune response, prognosis, and treatment outcomes in cancer patients. Therefore, an understanding of the characteristics of the immune cells and their role in tumor immune surveillance is of paramount importance to identify immune targets and to develop novel immune therapeutics in the war against cancer. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the individual components of the human immune system and the translational relevance of predictive biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettzy Stephen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Joud Hajjar
- Assistant Professor, Service Chief of Adult Allergy & Immunology, Division of Immunology, Allergy & Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children' Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ipinmoroti AO, Crenshaw BJ, Pandit R, Kumar S, Sims B, Matthews QL. Human Adenovirus Serotype 3 Infection Modulates the Biogenesis and Composition of Lung Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:2958394. [PMID: 34926703 PMCID: PMC8677401 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2958394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) is a major causal agent of acute respiratory infections. However, they are a powerful delivery system for gene therapy and vaccines. Some Ad serotypes antagonize the immune system leading to meningitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and/or acute hemorrhagic cystitis. Studies have shown that the release of small, membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may offer a mechanism by which viruses can enter cells via receptor-independent entry and how they influence disease pathogenesis and/or host protection considering their existence in almost all bodily fluids. We proposed that Ad3 could alter EV biogenesis, composition, and trafficking and may stimulate various immune responses in vitro. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of in vitro infection with Ad3 vector on EV biogenesis and composition in the human adenocarcinoma lung epithelial cell line A549. Cells were infected in an exosome-free media at different multiplicity of infections (MOIs) and time points. The cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and fluorometric calcein-AM. EVs were isolated via ultracentrifugation. Isolated EV proteins were quantified and evaluated via nanoparticle tracking, transmission electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotting assays. The cell viability significantly decreased with an increase in MOI and incubation time. A significant increase in particle mean sizes, concentrations, and total EV protein content was detected at higher MOIs when compared to uninfected cells (control group). A549 cell-derived EVs revealed the presence of TSG101, tetraspanins CD9 and CD63, and heat shock proteins 70 and 100 with significantly elevated levels of Rab5, 7, and 35 at higher MOIs (300, 750, and 1500) when compared to the controls. Our findings suggested Ad3 could modulate EV biogenesis, composition, and trafficking which could impact infection pathogenesis and disease progression. This study might suggest EVs could be diagnostic and therapeutic advancement to Ad infections and other related viral infections. However, further investigation is warranted to explore the underlying mechanism(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji O. Ipinmoroti
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Brennetta J. Crenshaw
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Rachana Pandit
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Brian Sims
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qiana L. Matthews
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Players in Intercellular Communication: Relevance in Mast Cell-Mediated Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179176. [PMID: 34502083 PMCID: PMC8431297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are major effector cells in eliciting allergic responses. They also play a significant role in establishing innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as in modulating tumor growth. Mast cells can be activated upon engagement of the high-affinity receptor FcεRI with specific IgE to multivalent antigens or in response to several FcεRI-independent mechanisms. Upon stimulation, mast cells secrete various preformed and newly synthesized mediators. Emerging evidence indicates their ability to be a rich source of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, which convey biological functions. Mast cell-derived EVs can interact with and affect other cells located nearby or at distant sites and modulate inflammation, allergic response, and tumor progression. Mast cells are also affected by EVs derived from other cells in the immune system or in the tumor microenvironment, which may activate mast cells to release different mediators. In this review, we summarize the latest data regarding the ability of mast cells to release or respond to EVs and their role in allergic responses, inflammation, and tumor progression. Understanding the release, composition, and uptake of EVs by cells located near to or at sites distant from mast cells in a variety of clinical conditions, such as allergic inflammation, mastocytosis, and lung cancer will contribute to developing novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin YJ, Wei KC, Chen PY, Lim M, Hwang TL. Roles of Neutrophils in Glioma and Brain Metastases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701383. [PMID: 34484197 PMCID: PMC8411705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, which are the most abundant circulating leukocytes in humans, are the first line of defense against bacterial and fungal infections. Recent studies have reported the role and importance of neutrophils in cancers. Glioma and brain metastases are the most common malignant tumors of the brain. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in the brain is complex and unique owing to the brain-blood barrier or brain-tumor barrier, which may prevent drug penetration and decrease the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, there are limited studies on the correlation between brain cancer and neutrophils. This review discusses the origin and functions of neutrophils. Additionally, the current knowledge on the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and prognosis of glioma and brain metastases has been summarized. Furthermore, the implications of tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) phenotypes and the functions of TANs have been discussed. Finally, the potential effects of various treatments on TANs and the ability of neutrophils to function as a nanocarrier of drugs to the brain TME have been summarized. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the complex interactions between neutrophils, other immune cells, and brain tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jui Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yin L, Liu X, Shao X, Feng T, Xu J, Wang Q, Hua S. The role of exosomes in lung cancer metastasis and clinical applications: an updated review. J Transl Med 2021; 19:312. [PMID: 34281588 PMCID: PMC8287779 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths accounting for 24% of all cancer deaths. As a crucial phase of tumor progression, lung cancer metastasis is linked to over 70% of these mortalities. In recent years, exosomes have received increasing research attention in their role in the induction of carcinogenesis and metastasis in the lung. In this review, recent studies on the contribution of exosomes to lung cancer metastasis are discussed, particularly highlighting the role of lung tumor-derived exosomes in immune system evasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis, and their involvement at both the pre-metastatic and metastatic phases. The clinical application of exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers, their role in antitumor drug resistance, and their utility as predictive biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis are also presented. The metastatic activity, a complex multistep process of cancer cell invasion, survival in blood vessels, attachment and subsequent colonization of the host's organs, is integrated with exosomal effects. Exosomes act as functional mediating factors in cell-cell communication, influencing various steps of the metastatic cascade. To this end, lung cancer cell-derived exosomes enhance cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, regulate drug resistance, and antitumor immune activities during lung carcinogenesis, and are currently being explored as an important component in liquid biopsy assessment for diagnosing lung cancer. These nano-sized extracellular vesicles are also being explored as delivery vehicles for therapeutic molecules owing to their unique properties of biocompatibility, circulatory stability, decreased toxicity, and tumor specificity. The current knowledge of the role of exosomes highlights an array of exosome-dependent pathways and cargoes that are ripe for exploiting therapeutic targets to treat lung cancer metastasis, and for predictive value assessment in diagnosis, prognosis, and anti-tumor drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Shao
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghao Hua
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Song H, Liu B, Dong B, Xu J, Zhou H, Na S, Liu Y, Pan Y, Chen F, Li L, Wang J. Exosome-Based Delivery of Natural Products in Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650426. [PMID: 33738290 PMCID: PMC7960777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapidly growing research evidence has begun to shed light on the potential application of exosome, which modulates intercellular communications. As donor cell released vesicles, exosomes could play roles as a regulator of cellular behaviors in up-taken cells, as well as a delivery carrier of drugs for targeted cells. Natural product is an invaluable drug resources and it is used widely as therapeutic agents in cancers. This review summarizes the most recent advances in exosomes as natural product delivery carriers in cancer therapy from the following aspects: composition of exosomes, biogenesis of exosomes, and its functions in cancers. The main focus is the advantages and applications of exosomes for drug delivery in cancer therapy. This review also summarizes the isolation and application of exosomes as delivery carriers of natural products in cancer therapy. The recent progress and challenges of using exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for five representative anti-cancer natural products including paclitaxel, curcumin, doxorubicin, celastrol, and β-Elemene. Based on the discussion on the current knowledge about exosomes as delivery vehicles for drugs and natural compounds to the targeted site, this review delineates the landscape of the recent research, challenges, trends and prospects in exosomes as delivery vehicles for drugs and natural compounds for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Neurology Department, The Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Sha Na
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han S, Qi Y, Luo Y, Chen X, Liang H. Exosomal Long Non-Coding RNA: Interaction Between Cancer Cells and Non-Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 10:617837. [PMID: 33520726 PMCID: PMC7840842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.617837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membranous vesicles released by many kinds of cells, and are indispensable in cell-to-cell communication by delivering functional biological components both locally and systemically. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are long transcripts over 200 nucleotides that exhibit no or limited protein-coding potentials. LncRNAs are dramatic gene expression regulators, and can be selectively sorted into exosomes. Exosomal lncRNAs derived from cancer cells and stromal cells can mediate the generation of pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) and thus promote the progression of cancer. In this review, we summarized the fundamental biology and characteristics of exosomal lncRNAs. Besides, we provided an overview of current research on functions of exosomal lncRNAs between cancer cells and non-cancer cells. A deep understanding of exosomal lncRNAs' role in cancer will be facilitated to find important implications for cancer development and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenqi Han
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqiang Qi
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Luo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Chemotherapy represents the current mainstay therapeutic approach for most types of cancer. Despite the development of targeted chemotherapeutic strategies, the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs is severely limited by the development of drug resistance. Multidrug resistance (MDR) consists of the simultaneous resistance to various unrelated cytotoxic drugs and is one of the main causes of anticancer treatment failure. One of the principal mechanisms by which cancer cells become MDR involves the overexpression of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), mediating the active efflux of cytotoxic molecules from the cytoplasm. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron lipid-enclosed vesicles that are released by all cells and which play a fundamental role in intercellular communication in physiological and pathological contexts. EVs have fundamental function at each step of cancer development and progression. They mediate the transmission of MDR through the transfer of vesicle cargo including functional ABC transporters as well as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Furthermore, EVs mediate MDR by sequestering anticancer drugs and stimulate cancer cell migration and invasion. EVs also mediate the communication with the tumour microenvironment and the immune system, resulting in increased angiogenesis, metastasis and immune evasion. All these actions contribute directly and indirectly to the development of chemoresistance and treatment failure. In this chapter, we describe the many roles EVs play in the acquisition and spread of chemoresistance in cancer. We also discuss possible uses of EVs as pharmacological targets to overcome EV-mediated drug resistance and the potential that the analysis of tumour-derived EVs offers as chemoresistance biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hussain S, Peng B, Cherian M, Song JW, Ahirwar DK, Ganju RK. The Roles of Stroma-Derived Chemokine in Different Stages of Cancer Metastases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:598532. [PMID: 33414786 PMCID: PMC7783453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between malignant cells and host cellular and non-cellular components play crucial role in different stages of tumor development, progression, and metastases. Tumor and stromal cells communicate to each other through receptors such as integrins and secretion of signaling molecules like growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators. Chemokines mediated signaling pathways have emerged as major mechanisms underlying multifaceted roles played by host cells during tumor progression. In response to tumor stimuli, host cells-derived chemokines further activates signaling cascades that support the ability of tumor cells to invade surrounding basement membrane and extra-cellular matrix. The host-derived chemokines act on endothelial cells to increase their permeability and facilitate tumor cells intravasation and extravasation. The tumor cells-host neutrophils interaction within the vasculature initiates chemokines driven recruitment of inflammatory cells that protects circulatory tumor cells from immune attack. Chemokines secreted by tumor cells and stromal immune and non-immune cells within the tumor microenvironment enter the circulation and are responsible for formation of a "pre-metastatic niche" like a "soil" in distant organs whereby circulating tumor cells "seed' and colonize, leading to formation of metastatic foci. Given the importance of host derived chemokines in cancer progression and metastases several drugs like Mogamulizumab, Plerixafor, Repertaxin among others are part of ongoing clinical trial which target chemokines and their receptors against cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the complexity of chemokines network in tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on chemokines secreted from host cells. We especially summarize the role of host-derived chemokines in different stages of metastases, including invasion, dissemination, migration into the vasculature, and seeding into the pre-metastatic niche. We finally provide a brief description of prospective drugs that target chemokines in different clinical trials against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mathew Cherian
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dinesh K Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ipinmoroti AO, Matthews QL. Extracellular Vesicles: Roles in Human Viral Infections, Immune-Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Applications. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121056. [PMID: 33348699 PMCID: PMC7766181 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound vesicles that are released from cells are increasingly being studied as a medium of intercellular communication, as these act to shuttle functional proteins, such as lipids, DNA, rRNA, and miRNA, between cells during essential physiological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), most commonly exosomes, are consistently produced by virus-infected cells, and they play crucial roles in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. Notably, pathophysiological roles for EVs have been established in various viral infections, including human immune deficiency virus (HIV), coronavirus (CoV), and human adenovirus (HAdv). Retroviruses, such as HIV, modulate the production and composition of EVs, and critically, these viruses can exploit EV formation, secretion, and release pathways to promote infection, transmission, and intercellular spread. Consequently, EV production has been investigated as a potential tool for the development of improved viral infection diagnostics and therapeutics. This review will summarize our present knowledge of EV–virus relationships, focusing on their known roles in pathophysiological pathways, immunomodulatory mechanisms, and utility for biomarker discovery. This review will also discuss the potential for EVs to be exploited as diagnostic and treatment tools for viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiana L. Matthews
- Microbiology Program, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-334-604-8443
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Smith NC, Wajnberg G, Chacko S, Woldemariam NT, Lacroix J, Crapoulet N, Ayre DC, Lewis SM, Rise ML, Andreassen R, Christian SL. Characterization of miRNAs in Extracellular Vesicles Released From Atlantic Salmon Monocyte-Like and Macrophage-Like Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:587931. [PMID: 33262769 PMCID: PMC7686242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in cell-cell communication via transfer of molecular cargo including genetic material like miRNAs. In mammals, it has previously been established that EV-mediated transfer of miRNAs can alter the development or function of immune cells, such as macrophages. Our previous research revealed that Atlantic salmon head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) change their morphology, phagocytic ability and miRNA profile from primarily “monocyte-like” at Day 1 to primarily “macrophage-like” at Day 5 of culture. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the miRNA cargo packaged in EVs released from these two cell populations. We successfully isolated EVs from Atlantic salmon HKL culture supernatants using the established Vn96 peptide-based pull-down. Isolation was validated using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting. RNA-sequencing identified 19 differentially enriched (DE) miRNAs packaged in Day 1 versus Day 5 EVs. Several of the highly abundant miRNAs, including those that were DE (e.g. ssa-miR-146a, ssa-miR-155 and ssa-miR-731), were previously identified as DE in HKLs and are associated with macrophage differentiation and immune response in other species. Interestingly, the abundance relative of the miRNAs in EVs, including the most abundant miRNA (ssa-miR-125b), was different than the miRNA abundance in HKLs, indicating selective packaging of miRNAs in EVs. Further study of the miRNA cargo in EVs derived from fish immune cells will be an important next step in identifying EV biomarkers useful for evaluating immune cell function, fish health, or response to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Simi Chacko
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Nardos T Woldemariam
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - D Craig Ayre
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Stephen M Lewis
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Rune Andreassen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Espinosa-Riquer ZP, Segura-Villalobos D, Ramírez-Moreno IG, Pérez Rodríguez MJ, Lamas M, Gonzalez-Espinosa C. Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Innate Immunity in Mast Cells: Translating Sensing of Changes into Specific Responses. Cells 2020; 9:E2411. [PMID: 33158024 PMCID: PMC7693401 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) constitute an essential cell lineage that participates in innate and adaptive immune responses and whose phenotype and function are influenced by tissue-specific conditions. Their mechanisms of activation in type I hypersensitivity reactions have been the subject of multiple studies, but the signaling pathways behind their activation by innate immunity stimuli are not so well described. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the main molecular elements and signaling pathways connecting the innate immune receptors and hypoxic microenvironment to cytokine synthesis and the secretion of soluble or exosome-contained mediators in this cell type. When known, the positive and negative control mechanisms of those pathways are presented, together with their possible implications for the understanding of mast cell-driven chronic inflammation. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the knowledge about signaling in this cell type in the recognition of MCs as central elements on innate immunity, whose remarkable plasticity converts them in sensors of micro-environmental discontinuities and controllers of tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Gonzalez-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur. Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (Z.P.E.-R.); (D.S.-V.); (I.G.R.-M.); (M.J.P.R.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Role of extracellular vesicles in tumour microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:163. [PMID: 33081785 PMCID: PMC7574205 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be released by almost all cell types, and detected in most body fluids. In the tumour microenvironment (TME), EVs serve as a transport medium for lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. EVs participate in various steps involved in the development and progression of malignant tumours by initiating or suppressing various signalling pathways in recipient cells. Although tumour-derived EVs (T-EVs) are known for orchestrating tumour progression via systemic pathways, EVs from non-malignant cells (nmEVs) also contribute substantially to malignant tumour development. Tumour cells and non-malignant cells typically communicate with each other, both determining the progress of the disease. In this review, we summarise the features of both T-EVs and nmEVs, tumour progression, metastasis, and EV-mediated chemoresistance in the TME. The physiological and pathological effects involved include but are not limited to angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, and immune escape. We discuss potential future directions of the clinical application of EVs, including diagnosis (as non-invasive biomarkers via liquid biopsy) and therapeutic treatment. This may include disrupting EV biogenesis and function, thus utilising the features of EVs to repurpose them as a therapeutic tool in immunotherapy and drug delivery systems. We also discuss the overall findings of current studies, identify some outstanding issues requiring resolution, and propose some potential directions for future research. Video abstract.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hikita T, Miyata M, Watanabe R, Oneyama C. In vivo imaging of long-term accumulation of cancer-derived exosomes using a BRET-based reporter. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16616. [PMID: 33024173 PMCID: PMC7538576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of exosome dynamics in living organisms is essential to demonstrate the real functions of cancer-derived exosomes. Currently, these have been elucidated in vitro or under non-physiological conditions in vivo in most cases. To overcome these limitations, we developed an imaging method using Antares2-mediated bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) for observing long-term accumulation of exosomes in vivo. Ectopic expression of CD63-Antares2 effectively labeled exosomes with Antares2, which emitted intense, long-wavelength luminescence suitable for in vivo monitoring. Transplantation of CD63-Antares2-expressing prostate cancer cells into mice allowed determining the amount of cancer-derived exosomes released from primary tumors into the bloodstream and visualizing the long-term homing behavior of exosomes to their target organs or tissues. Interestingly, secreted exosome was decreased upon administration of low dose of dasatinib, an approved tyrosine-kinase inhibitor. The CD63-Antares2 xenograft mouse model will be useful for elucidating the dynamics of cancer-derived exosomes in vivo and evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of exosome production inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hikita
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Mamiko Miyata
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Risayo Watanabe
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan. .,Department of Target and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan. .,JST, PRESTO, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang S, Hou Y, Yang J, Xie D, Jiang L, Hu H, Hu J, Luo C, Zhang Q. Application of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and their drug-loading systems in acute liver failure. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7082-7093. [PMID: 32492261 PMCID: PMC7339207 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles released from stem cells of various origins that can regulate signal transduction pathways between liver cells, and their functions in intercellular communication have been recognized. Due to their natural substance transport properties and excellent biocompatibility, exosomes can also be used as drug carriers to release a variety of substances, which has great prospects in the treatment of critical and incurable diseases. Different types of stem cell exosomes have been used to study liver diseases. Due to current difficulties in the treatment of acute liver failure (ALF), this review will outline the potential of stem cell exosomes for ALF treatment. Specifically, we reviewed the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and the latest progress in the use of stem cell exosomes in the treatment of ALF, including the role of exosomes in inhibiting the ALF inflammatory response and regulating signal transduction pathways, the advantages of stem cell exosomes and their use as a drug‐loading system, and their pre‐clinical application in the treatment of ALF. Finally, the clinical research status of stem cell therapy for ALF and the current challenges of exosome clinical transformation are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Zhang
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Denghui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linrui Jiang
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhong Hu
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caizhu Luo
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fu B, Ma H, Liu D. Extracellular Vesicles Function as Bioactive Molecular Transmitters in the Mammalian Oviduct: An Inspiration for Optimizing in Vitro Culture Systems and Improving Delivery of Exogenous Nucleic Acids during Preimplantation Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062189. [PMID: 32235756 PMCID: PMC7139358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two technologies, in vitro culture and exogenous gene introduction, constitute cornerstones of producing transgenic animals. Although in vitro embryo production techniques can bypass the oviduct during early development, such embryos are inferior to their naturally produced counterparts. In addition, preimplantation embryos are resistant to the uptake of exogenous genetic material. These factors restrict the production of transgenic animals. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) was a milestone in the study of intercellular signal communication. EVs in the oviduct, known as oviductosomes (OVS), are versatile delivery tools during maternal–embryo communication. In this review, we discuss the important roles of OVS in these interactions and the feasibility of using them as tools for transferring exogenous nucleic acids during early development. We hypothesize that further accurate characterization of OVS cargoes and functions will open new horizons for research on maternal–embryo interactions and enhance the production of transgenic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, HeiLongJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (B.F.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Combine of Planting and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, HeiLongJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (B.F.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Combine of Planting and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, HeiLongJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (B.F.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Combine of Planting and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Harbin 150086, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-4512-0192
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Models for Monocytic Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32036607 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes (Mos) are immune cells that critically regulate cancer, enabling tumor growth and modulating metastasis. Mos can give rise to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and Mo-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), all of which shape the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, understanding their roles in the TME is key for improved immunotherapy. Concurrently, various biological and mechanical factors including changes in local cytokines, extracellular matrix production, and metabolic changes in the TME affect the roles of monocytic cells. As such, relevant TME models are critical to achieve meaningful insight on the precise functions, mechanisms, and effects of monocytic cells. Notably, murine models have yielded significant insight into human Mo biology. However, many of these results have yet to be confirmed in humans, reinforcing the need for improved in vitro human TME models for the development of cancer interventions. Thus, this chapter (1) summarizes current insight on the tumor biology of Mos, TAMs, and moDCs, (2) highlights key therapeutic applications relevant to these cells, and (3) discusses various TME models to study their TME-related activity. We conclude with a perspective on the future research trajectory of this topic.
Collapse
|
25
|
Németh T, Sperandio M, Mócsai A. Neutrophils as emerging therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:253-275. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
26
|
Overview of Basic Immunology and Clinical Application. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1244:1-36. [PMID: 32301008 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41008-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor exists as a complex network of structures with an ability to evolve and evade the host immune surveillance mechanism. The immune milieu which includes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, mast cells, B cells, and T cells are found in the core, the invasive margin, or the adjacent stromal or lymphoid component of the tumor. The immune infiltrate is heterogeneous and varies within a patient and between patients of the same tumor histology. The location, density, functionality, and cross-talk between the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment influence the nature of immune response, prognosis, and treatment outcomes in cancer patients. Therefore, an understanding of the characteristics of the immune cells and their role in tumor immune surveillance is of paramount importance to identify immune targets and to develop novel immune therapeutics in the war against cancer. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the individual components of the human immune system and the translational relevance of predictive biomarkers.
Collapse
|
27
|
Macrophage-derived exosome-mimetic hybrid vesicles for tumor targeted drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:482-494. [PMID: 31129363 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid and protein constructs which are continuously secreted by cells in the form of smaller (30-200 nm) and larger (micron size) particles. While all of these vesicles are called as EVs, the smaller size are normally called as exosomes. Small EVs (sEVs) have now been explored as a potential candidate in therapeutics delivery owing to their endogenous functionality, intrinsic targeting property, and ability to cooperate with a host defense mechanism. Considering these potentials, we hypothesize that immune cell-derived sEVs can mimic immune cell to target cancer. However, different sEVs isolation technique reported poor yield and loss of functional properties. To solve this problem, herein we hybridized sEVs with synthetic liposome to engineer vesicles with size less than 200 nm to mimic the size of exosome and named as hybrid exosome (HE). To achieve this goal, sEVs from mouse macrophage was hybridized with synthetic liposome to engineer HE. The fluorescence-based experiment confirmed the successful hybridization process yielding HE with the size of 177 ± 21 nm. Major protein analysis from Blot techniques reveal the presence of EV marker proteins CD81, CD63, and CD9. Differential cellular interaction of HE was observed when treated with normal and cancerous cells thereby supporting our hypothesis. Moreover, a water-soluble doxorubicin was loaded in HE. Drug-loaded HE showed enhanced toxicity against cancer cells and pH-sensitive drug release in acidic condition, benefiting drug delivery to acidic cancer environment. These results suggest that the engineered HE would be an exciting platform for tumor-targeted drug delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid and protein constructs which are continuously secreted by cells in the human body. These vesicles can efficiently deliver their parental biomolecules to the recipient cells and assist in intracellular communication without a direct cell-to-cell contact. Moreover, they have the ability to perform some of the molecular task similar to that of its parent cells. For example, exosome derived from immune cells can seek for diseased and/or inflammatory cells by reading the cell surface proteins. However, different EVs isolation techniques reported poor yield and loss of functional properties. Therefore, to overcome this limitation, we herein propose to re-engineer immuno-exosome with a synthetic liposome as a refined biomimetic nanostructure for the delivery of doxorubicin (clinical drug) for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao K, Jin J, Huang C, Li J, Luo H, Li L, Huang Y, Jiang Y. Exosomes Derived From Septic Mouse Serum Modulate Immune Responses via Exosome-Associated Cytokines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1560. [PMID: 31354717 PMCID: PMC6640201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an immune response triggered by infection, and highly elevated cytokine/chemokine levels in the blood play crucial roles in the progression of sepsis. Serum exosomes are nanovesicles that have multiple biological functions, playing roles in antigen presentation, intercellular signal communication, inflammatory response and immune surveillance. However, the biological functions and related molecular bases remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the profiles of cytokines/chemokines harbored in the exosomes of septic mice and explored the mechanisms of immunomodulation on T cells treated with exosomes harvested from septic mice. Blood cytokines/chemokines existed in both the soluble form and in the insoluble exosomal form; the profiles of the cytokines/chemokines in these two forms displayed different dynamics in the blood of mice challenged with LPS. Exosomes from septic mice induced the differentiation of Th1/Th2 cells, which was blocked by specific antibodies targeting IL-12 and IL-4. In addition, these exosomes significantly augmented the proliferation and migration of T lymphocytes. Furthermore, preadministration of exosomes by intravenous injection restrained the inflammatory response, attenuated lung and liver tissue damage, and prolonged the survival of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice. Our results indicate that exosomes enriched with cytokines/chemokines play critical roles in T cell differentiation, proliferation and chemotaxis during the sepsis process and have a protective effect on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice. Thus, these findings not only strengthen our understanding of the role of sepsis via exosomes but also provide potential targets for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Systematic analysis of genes and diseases using PheWAS-Associated networks. Comput Biol Med 2019; 109:311-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
30
|
Bruno S, Chiabotto G, Favaro E, Deregibus MC, Camussi G. Role of extracellular vesicles in stem cell biology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C303-C313. [PMID: 31091143 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00129.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles carrying proteins, nucleic acids, and bioactive lipids of the cell of origin. These vesicles released within the extracellular space and entering into the circulation may transfer their cargo to neighboring or distant cells and induce phenotypical and functional changes that may be relevant in several physiopathological conditions. In an attempt to define the biological properties of EVs, several investigations have focused on their cargo and on the effects elicited in recipient cells. EVs have been involved in modulation of tumor microenvironment and behavior, as well as in the immune and inflammatory response. In the present review, we address the paracrine action of EVs released by stem cells and their potential involvement in the activation of regenerative programs in injured cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Favaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Wang X, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Liu X. Combinational Treatment of Bioscaffolds and Extracellular Vesicles in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:81. [PMID: 31031590 PMCID: PMC6474389 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in an irreversible disability due to loss of sensorimotor function below the lesion. Presently, clinical treatments for SCI mainly include surgery, drugs and postoperative rehabilitation. The prospective roles of bioscaffolds and exosomes in several neurological diseases have been reported. Bioscaffolds can reconnect lesion gaps as well as transport cells and bioactive factors, which in turn can improve axonal and functional regeneration. Herein, we explicate the respective roles of bioscaffolds and exosomes in SCI, and elucidate on the usage of combinational therapy involving bioscaffolds and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in improving SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xizhi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaying Yuan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gomez-Cambronero J. Lack of effective translational regulation of PLD expression and exosome biogenesis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:491-507. [PMID: 30091053 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is difficult to treat since cells lack the three receptors (ES, PR, or HER) that the most effective treatments target. We have used a well-established TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231) from which we found evidence in support for a phospholipase D (PLD)-mediated tumor growth and metastasis: high levels of expression of PLD, as well as the absence of inhibitory miRs (such as miR-203) and 3'-mRNA PARN deadenylase activity in these cells. Such findings are not present in a luminal B cell line, MCF-7, and we propose a new miR•PARN•PLD node that is not uniform across breast cancer molecular subtypes and as such TNBC could be pharmacologically targeted differentially. We review the participation of PLD and phosphatidic acid (PA), its enzymatic product, as new "players" in breast cancer biology, with the aspects of regulation of the tumor microenvironment, macrophage polarization, regulation of PLD transcripts by specific miRs and deadenylases, and PLD-regulated exosome biogenesis. A new signaling miR•PARN•PLD node could serve as new biomarkers for TNBC abnormal signaling and metastatic disease staging, potentially before metastases are able to be visualized using conventional imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gomez-Cambronero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Elsemüller AK, Tomalla V, Gärtner U, Troidl K, Jeratsch S, Graumann J, Baal N, Hackstein H, Lasch M, Deindl E, Preissner KT, Fischer S. Characterization of mast cell-derived rRNA-containing microvesicles and their inflammatory impact on endothelial cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:5457-5467. [PMID: 30702929 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801853rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident mast cells (MCs) are well known for their role in inflammatory responses and allergic and anaphylactic reactions, but they also contribute to processes of arterial remodeling. Although ribosomes and cytosolic RNAs are located around secretory granules in mature MCs, their functional role in MC responses remains unexplored. Previous studies by our group characterized extracellular RNA (eRNA) as an inflammatory and pathogenetic factor in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, RNA-containing MCs and eRNA were located in close proximity to growing collateral arteries in vivo. In vitro, various agonists were found to induce the degranulation of MCs and the concomitant release of eRNA in association with microvesicles (MVs). The liberation of eRNA from MCs was abolished by MC stabilizers or by preventing the increase of intracellular Ca2+ in MCs. eRNA was found to be mainly contained inside MVs, as demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. The exposure to and the uptake of MC-released MVs by cultured endothelial cells increased their expression of cytokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein or IL-6, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These results indicate that RNA-containing MC-derived MVs are likely to be involved in inflammatory responses, relevant, for example, to processes of vascular remodeling.-Elsemüller, A.-K., Tomalla, V., Gärtner, U., Troidl, K., Jeratsch, S., Graumann, J., Baal, N., Hackstein, H., Lasch, M., Deindl, E., Preissner, K. T., Fischer, S. Characterization of mast cell-derived rRNA-containing microvesicles and their inflammatory impact on endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Tomalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Troidl
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Jeratsch
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nelli Baal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen-Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Lasch
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich-Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; and.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich-Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yao Y, Liao W, Yu R, Du Y, Zhang T, Peng Q. Potentials of combining nanomaterials and stem cell therapy in myocardial repair. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1623-1638. [PMID: 30028249 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide. Developing efficient strategies to treat such diseases is of great urgency. Stem cell-based regeneration medicine offers a novel approach for heart repair. However, low retention and poor survival rate of engrafted cells limit its applications. Nanomaterials have shown great potentials in addressing above issues due to nanoparticles-bio interactions. Therefore, combining nanomaterials and stem cell therapy is of great interest and significance for heart repair. Herein, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the applications of four types of nanomaterials (nanogels, polymeric nanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterials and exosomes) in stem cell therapy for myocardial repair. In addition, we launch an initial discussion on current problems and more importantly, possible solutions for myocardial repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Oral Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruichao Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology & Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hikita T, Miyata M, Watanabe R, Oneyama C. Sensitive and rapid quantification of exosomes by fusing luciferase to exosome marker proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14035. [PMID: 30232365 PMCID: PMC6145919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication. Although their modes of action have been elucidated, the molecular mechanisms underlying their secretion, sorting of molecules, uptake into recipient cells, and biological distribution in vivo remain elusive. Here, we present a novel system for quantifying secreted exosomes by introducing ectopic or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of luciferase-fusion exosome markers such as CD63. This luciferase-based method makes it possible to measure exosomes secreted into the culture medium with high linearity and wide dynamic range in a high-throughput manner. We demonstrate that data obtained by luminescent quantification are well correlated with data obtained by conventional nanoparticle tracking analysis under multiple conditions. In addition, our system is capable of evaluating the recipient cells or tissues that take up exosomes, as well as visualizing exosomes in vivo. The proposed system represents a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying exosome production, uptake, and long-term distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hikita
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamiko Miyata
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Risayo Watanabe
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan. .,JST, PRESTO, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Graner MW. Extracellular vesicles in cancer immune responses: roles of purinergic receptors. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:465-475. [PMID: 30209547 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano- to micro-scale membrane-enclosed vesicles that are released from presumably all cell types. Tumor cells and immune cells are prodigious generators of EVs often with competing phenotypes in terms of immune suppression versus immune stimulation. Purinergic receptors, proteins that bind diverse purine nucleotides and nucleosides (ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine), are widely expressed across tissues and cell types, and are prominent players in immune and tumor cell nucleotide metabolism. The effects of purinergic receptor stimulation or agonism tend to produce inflammatory responses that may aid immune stimulation but may also provoke various immune suppression mechanisms, particularly in the tumor microenvironment. EVs released by cells following receptor stimulation are frequently pro-inflammatory, but often also pro-thrombolytic; these EVs may generate an environment that favors tumor progression at the cost of an effective immune response. Purinergic signaling pathways are becoming more recognized as valuable targets in various therapeutic scenarios, including cancer. It is possible that some of those clinically relevant compounds might also impact EV secretion and/or phenotype, which would hopefully capitalize on the immune stimulatory properties of purinergic signaling while minimizing the immune suppressive consequences. This review covers a relatively understudied area in EV biology, but even so, focuses almost exclusively on the purinergic receptors in a very limited capacity. There is much more to evaluate and incorporate into our understanding of extracellular nucleotides in EV biology, and we hope this work prompts further discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, RC2, 12700 E 19th Ave, Room 5125, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Che Y, Geng B, Xu Y, Miao X, Chen L, Mu X, Pan J, Zhang C, Zhao T, Wang C, Li X, Wen H, Liu Z, You Q. Helicobacter pylori-induced exosomal MET educates tumour-associated macrophages to promote gastric cancer progression. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5708-5719. [PMID: 30160350 PMCID: PMC6201349 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection triggers chronic inflammation that has been associated with gastric cancer (GC). Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that have become the key mediators of intercellular communication. In this study, we investigated exosome‐mediated communication between H. pylori‐infected GC cells and macrophages, focusing on the transfer of activated mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor (MET). We observed a significant decrease in MET protein expression in GC cells after infection with H. pylori, whereas MET mRNA levels remained unchanged. Intriguingly, MET expression, specifically the phosphorylated active form, was increased in exosomes released from H. pylori‐infected GC cells. Confocal microscopy and Western blotting analyses showed that these exosomes containing MET were delivered to and internalized by macrophages. Indeed, in human GC tissues positive for H. pylori, we also observed that activated MET was highly expressed in tumour‐infiltrating macrophages. After internalization, exosomal MET then appeared to educate the macrophages towards a pro‐tumorigenesis phenotype. This included exosomal MET‐mediated stimulation of proinflammatory cytokine secretion IL‐1β, which subsequently promoted tumour growth and progression in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these data were the first to demonstrate H. pylori infection‐induced upregulation of activated MET in exosomes and the pro‐tumorigenic effect on tumour‐associated macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Che
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biao Geng
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Miao
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianmin Mu
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinshun Pan
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang You
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cruz L, Romero JAA, Iglesia RP, Lopes MH. Extracellular Vesicles: Decoding a New Language for Cellular Communication in Early Embryonic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:94. [PMID: 30211159 PMCID: PMC6121069 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) that gives rise to a whole embryo in vivo can be derived and cultured in vitro as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which retain full developmental potential. ICM cells receive, from diverse sources, complex molecular and spatiotemporal signals that orchestrate the finely-tuned processes associated with embryogenesis. Those instructions come, continuously, from themselves and from surrounding cells, such as those present in the trophectoderm and primitive endoderm (PrE). A key component of the ICM niche are the extracellular vesicles (EVs), produced by distinct cell types, that carry and transfer key molecules that regulate target cells and modulate cell renewal or cell fate. A growing number of studies have demonstrated the extracellular circulation of morphogens, a group of classical regulators of embryo development, are carried by EVs. miRNAs are also an important cargo of the EVs that have been implicated in tissue morphogenesis and have gained special attention due to their ability to regulate protein expression through post-transcriptional modulation, thereby influencing cell phenotype. This review explores the emerging evidence supporting the role of EVs as an additional mode of intercellular communication in early embryonic and ESCs differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Cruz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jenny A A Romero
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca P Iglesia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilene H Lopes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
O'Loghlen A. Role for extracellular vesicles in the tumour microenvironment. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0488. [PMID: 29158316 PMCID: PMC5717441 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small-membrane vesicles secreted by most cells types with the role to provide intercellular communication both locally and systemically. The transfer of their content between cells, which includes nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, confers the means for these interactions and induces significant cellular behaviour changes in the receiving cell. EVs are implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes, including development and neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, it has been shown that EV signalling is essential in almost all the steps necessary for the progress of carcinomas, from primary tumours to metastasis. In this review, we will focus on the latest findings for EV biology in relation to cancer progression and the tumour microenvironment. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana O'Loghlen
- Epigenetics and Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Paiva AE, Lousado L, Guerra DAP, Azevedo PO, Sena IFG, Andreotti JP, Santos GSP, Gonçalves R, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Pericytes in the Premetastatic Niche. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2779-2786. [PMID: 29789421 PMCID: PMC6044472 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The premetastatic niche formed by primary tumor-derived molecules contributes to fixation of cancer metastasis. The design of efficient therapies is limited by the current lack of knowledge about the details of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the premetastatic niche formation. Recently, the role of pericytes in the premetastatic niche formation and lung metastatic tropism was explored by using state-of-the-art techniques, including in vivo lineage-tracing and mice with pericyte-specific KLF4 deletion. Strikingly, genetic inactivation of KLF4 in pericytes inhibits pulmonary pericyte expansion and decreases metastasis in the lung. Here, we summarize and evaluate recent advances in the understanding of pericyte contribution to premetastatic niche formation. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2779-86. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana E Paiva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiza Lousado
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel A P Guerra
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrick O Azevedo
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isadora F G Sena
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julia P Andreotti
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabryella S P Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Oncologic diseases do not behave as isolated entities. Instead, they are based on complex systemic networks involving cell-cell communication between cancerous and healthy cells of the host, which may either facilitate or prevent cancer progression. In addition to cell-cell contacts, cells communicate through secreted factors in a process modulated by ligand concentration, receptor availability and synergy amongst several signaling circuits. Of these secreted factors, exosomes, 30-150 nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin released by virtually all cells, have emerged as important cell-cell communication players both in physiological and pathological scenarios by being carriers of all the main biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, DNAs, messenger RNAs and microRNA, and performing intercellular transfer of components, locally and systemically. By acting both in tumor and non-tumor cells, such as fibroblasts, leukocytes, endothelial and progenitor cells, tumor- and non-tumor cells-derived exosomes can modulate tumor growth and invasion, tumor-associated angiogenesis, tissue inflammation and the immune system. In this Review, we summarize the main findings of the literature on the roles of exosomes in mediating interactions between tumor and tumor-associated cells. We also discuss how the molecular composition analysis of circulating exosomes in clinical settings has emerged as an attractive non-invasive source of liquid biopsies for early diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of patients with oncologic diseases.
Collapse
|
43
|
Gulei D, Irimie AI, Cojocneanu-Petric R, Schultze JL, Berindan-Neagoe I. Exosomes—Small Players, Big Sound. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:635-648. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Iulia Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Republicii 34-36 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gao L, Wang L, Dai T, Jin K, Zhang Z, Wang S, Xie F, Fang P, Yang B, Huang H, van Dam H, Zhou F, Zhang L. Tumor-derived exosomes antagonize innate antiviral immunity. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:233-245. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-017-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
45
|
Roh-Johnson M, Shah AN, Stonick JA, Poudel KR, Kargl J, Yang GH, di Martino J, Hernandez RE, Gast CE, Zarour LR, Antoku S, Houghton AM, Bravo-Cordero JJ, Wong MH, Condeelis J, Moens CB. Macrophage-Dependent Cytoplasmic Transfer during Melanoma Invasion In Vivo. Dev Cell 2018; 43:549-562.e6. [PMID: 29207258 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages play critical roles in the initiation of tumor cell motility. To capture the cellular interactions of the tumor microenvironment with high-resolution imaging, we directly visualized tumor cells and their interactions with macrophages in zebrafish. Live imaging in zebrafish revealed that macrophages are dynamic, yet maintain sustained contact with tumor cells. In addition, the recruitment of macrophages to tumor cells promotes tumor cell dissemination. Using a Cre/LoxP strategy, we found that macrophages transfer cytoplasm to tumor cells in zebrafish and mouse models. Remarkably, macrophage cytoplasmic transfer correlated with melanoma cell dissemination. We further found that macrophages transfer cytoplasm to tumor cells upon cell contact in vitro. Thus, we present a model in which macrophage/tumor cell contact allows for the transfer of cytoplasmic molecules from macrophages to tumor cells corresponding to increased tumor cell motility and dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Roh-Johnson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Basic Sciences Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Arish N Shah
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Basic Sciences Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jason A Stonick
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Basic Sciences Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kumud R Poudel
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Basic Sciences Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julia Kargl
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Grace H Yang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julie di Martino
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Charles E Gast
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Luai R Zarour
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Surgery, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Susumu Antoku
- Columbia University, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A McGarry Houghton
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Melissa H Wong
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - John Condeelis
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Basic Sciences Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Stephen B, Hajjar J. Overview of Basic Immunology and Translational Relevance for Clinical Investigators. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 995:1-41. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02505-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
47
|
Huang Y, Liu K, Li Q, Yao Y, Wang Y. Exosomes Function in Tumor Immune Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1056:109-122. [PMID: 29754177 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74470-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells are the major cellular components in tumor microenvironment that actively migrate to tumor sites by sensing "signals" released from tumor cells. Together with other stromal cells, they form the soil for malignant cell progression. In the crosstalk between tumor cells and its surrounded microenvironment, exosomes exert multiple functions in shaping tumor immune responses. In tumor cells, their exosomes can lead to pro-tumor immune responses, whereas in immune cells, their derived exosomes can operate on tumor cells and regulate their ability to growth, metastasis, even reaction to chemotherapy. Employing exosomes as vehicles for the delivery products to initiate anti-tumor immune responses has striking therapeutic effects on tumor progression. Thus, exosomes are potential therapeutic targets in tumor-related clinical conditions. Here we discuss the role of exosomes in regulating tumor immune microenvironment and future indications for the clinical application of exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Keli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yikun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wen C, Seeger RC, Fabbri M, Wang L, Wayne AS, Jong AY. Biological roles and potential applications of immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1400370. [PMID: 29209467 PMCID: PMC5706476 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1400370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) deliver bioactive macromolecules (i.e. proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) for intercellular communication in multicellular organisms. EVs are secreted by all cell types including immune cells. Immune cell-derived EVs modulate diverse aspects of the immune system to either enhance or suppress immune activities. The extensive effects of immune cell-derived EVs have become the focus of great interest for various nano-biomedical applications, ranging from the medical use of nanoplatform-based diagnostic agents to the development of therapeutic interventions as well as vaccine applications, and thus may be ideal for ‘immune-theranostic’. Here, we review the latest advances concerning the biological roles of immune cell-derived EVs in innate and acquired immunity. The intercellular communication amongst immune cells through their EVs is highlighted, showing that all immune cell-derived EVs have their unique function(s) in immunity through intricate interaction(s). Natural-killer (NK) cell-derived EVs, for example, contain potent cytotoxic proteins and induce apoptosis to targeted cancer cells. On the other hand, cancer cell-derived EVs bearing NK ligands may evade immune surveillance and responses. Finally, we discuss possible medical uses for the immune cell-derived EVs as a tool for immune-theranostic: as diagnostic biomarkers, for use in therapeutic interventions and for vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and Divisions of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation.,Division of Hematology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University/Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Robert C Seeger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and Divisions of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and Divisions of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation
| | - Larry Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan S Wayne
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and Divisions of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation
| | - Ambrose Y Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and Divisions of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Plebanek MP, Angeloni NL, Vinokour E, Li J, Henkin A, Martinez-Marin D, Filleur S, Bhowmick R, Henkin J, Miller SD, Ifergan I, Lee Y, Osman I, Thaxton CS, Volpert OV. Pre-metastatic cancer exosomes induce immune surveillance by patrolling monocytes at the metastatic niche. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1319. [PMID: 29105655 PMCID: PMC5673063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancers produce exosomes that condition pre-metastatic niches in remote microenvironments to favor metastasis. In contrast, here we show that exosomes from poorly metastatic melanoma cells can potently inhibit metastasis to the lung. These "non-metastatic" exosomes stimulate an innate immune response through the expansion of Ly6Clow patrolling monocytes (PMo) in the bone marrow, which then cause cancer cell clearance at the pre-metastatic niche, via the recruitment of NK cells and TRAIL-dependent killing of melanoma cells by macrophages. These events require the induction of the Nr4a1 transcription factor and are dependent on pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on the outer surface of exosomes. Importantly, exosomes isolated from patients with non-metastatic primary melanomas have a similar ability to suppress lung metastasis. This study thus demonstrates that pre-metastatic tumors produce exosomes, which elicit a broad range of PMo-reliant innate immune responses via trigger(s) of immune surveillance, causing cancer cell clearance at the pre-metastatic niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Plebanek
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Simpson-Querrey Institute for Bionantechnology in Medicine, 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nicholas L Angeloni
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Simpson-Querrey Institute for Bionantechnology in Medicine, 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elena Vinokour
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Anna Henkin
- The Department for Health and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dalia Martinez-Marin
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA
| | - Stephanie Filleur
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA
| | - Reshma Bhowmick
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Jack Henkin
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Igal Ifergan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yesung Lee
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, Langone Medical Center, 160 East 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Iman Osman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, Langone Medical Center, 160 East 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Simpson-Querrey Institute for Bionantechnology in Medicine, 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern University International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Olga V Volpert
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Newton WC, Kim JW, Luo JZQ, Luo L. Stem cell-derived exosomes: a novel vector for tissue repair and diabetic therapy. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:R155-R165. [PMID: 28835418 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from a majority of cell types. Exosomes play a role in healthy and pathogenic intercellular interactions via the transfer of proteins, lipids and RNA. The contents and effects of exosomes vary depending on the properties of the originating cell. Exosomes secreted from some cell types, including stem cells, carry biological factors implicated in the protection, regeneration and angiogenesis of damaged tissues. Due to these properties, exosomes have attracted attention as a novel vector for regenerative therapies. Exosomes as a therapeutic tool could have applications for the treatment of many disorders characterized by chronic tissue damage. Exosomes derived from stem cells could be applied to repair or prevent damage from the complications of diabetes mellitus. The immunomodulatory and reparative properties of stem cell-derived exosomes could protect or even restore an early-stage type 1 diabetic patient's original islets from autoimmune destruction. Exosomes could also possibly suppress graft rejection of pancreatic islet transplants. Therefore, it is our recommendation that the treatment of diabetes mellitus using exosome-based therapies be further explored. Development of novel therapies using exosomes is slowed by a limited understanding of their mechanisms. This hurdle must be overcome to pave the way for clinical trials and ultimately the adaptation of exosomes as a therapeutic vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William C Newton
- Department of MedicineThe Center of Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Hospital, Boston University, School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Joseph W Kim
- Department of MedicineThe Center of Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Hospital, Boston University, School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - John Z Q Luo
- Department of MedicineThe Center of Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Hospital, Boston University, School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Insure HealthInc., Warwick, Rhode Island, USA
| | - LuGuang Luo
- Department of MedicineThe Center of Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Hospital, Boston University, School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|