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Tan L, Li J, Duan Y, Liu J, Zheng S, Liang X, Fang C, Zuo M, Tian G, Yang Y. Current knowledge on the epidemiology and prevention of Avian leukosis virus in China. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104009. [PMID: 39002365 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an enveloped retrovirus with a single-stranded RNA genome, belonging to the genus Alpharetrovirus within the family Retroviridae. The disease (Avian leukosis, AL) caused by ALV is mainly characterized by tumor development and immunosuppression in chickens, which increases susceptibility to other pathogens and leads to significant economic losses in the Chinese poultry industry. The government and poultry industry have made lots of efforts to eradicate ALV, but the threat of which remains not vanished. This review provides a summary of the updated understanding of ALV in China, which mainly focuses on genetic and molecular biology, epidemiology, and diagnostic methods. Additionally, promising antiviral agents and ALV eradication strategies performed in China are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China; Yunnan Sino-Science Gene Technology Co. Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Yunnan Sino-Science Gene Technology Co. Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shiling Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiongyan Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zuo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangming Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
| | - Yuying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
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Lei T, Liu R, Zhuang L, Dai T, Meng Q, Zhang X, Bao Y, Huang C, Lin W, Huang Y, Zheng X. Gp85 protein encapsulated by alginate-chitosan composite microspheres induced strong immunogenicity against avian leukosis virus in chicken. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1374923. [PMID: 38840641 PMCID: PMC11150705 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1374923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Avian leukosis, a viral disease affecting birds such as chickens, presents significant challenges in poultry farming due to tumor formation, decreased egg production, and increased mortality. Despite the absence of a commercial vaccine, avian leukosis virus (ALV) infections have been extensively documented, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. This study aimed to develop alginate-chitosan composite microspheres loaded with ALV-J Gp85 protein (referred to as aCHP-gp85) as a potential vaccine candidate. Methods Sodium alginate and chitosan were utilized as encapsulating materials, with the ALV-J Gp85 protein serving as the active ingredient. The study involved 45 specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens to evaluate the immunological effectiveness of aCHP-gp85 compared to a traditional Freund adjuvant-gp85 vaccine (Freund-gp85). Two rounds of vaccination were administered, and antibody levels, mRNA expression of immune markers, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and immune response were assessed. An animal challenge experiment was conducted to evaluate the vaccine's efficacy in reducing ALV-J virus presence and improving clinical conditions. Results The results demonstrated that aCHP-gp85 induced a significant and sustained increase in antibody levels compared to Freund-gp85, with the elevated response lasting for 84 days. Furthermore, aCHP-gp85 significantly upregulated mRNA expression levels of key immune markers, notably TNF-α and IFN-γ. The application of ALV-J Gp85 protein within the aCHP-gp85 group led to a significant increase in splenic lymphocyte proliferation and immune response. In the animal challenge experiment, aCHP-gp85 effectively reduced ALV-J virus presence and improved clinical conditions compared to other groups, with no significant pathological changes observed. Discussion The findings suggest that aCHP-gp85 elicits a strong and prolonged immune response compared to Freund-gp85, indicating its potential as an innovative ALV-J vaccine candidate. These results provide valuable insights for addressing avian leukosis in the poultry industry, both academically and practically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liyun Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingfu Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinli Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Cuiqin Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Weiming Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xintian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Biotechnology, Longyan, China
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Elshafei SO, Mahmoud NA, Almofti YA. Immunoinformatics, molecular docking and dynamics simulation approaches unveil a multi epitope-based potent peptide vaccine candidate against avian leukosis virus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2870. [PMID: 38311642 PMCID: PMC10838928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid leukosis is a poultry neoplastic disease caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV) and is characterized by high morbidity and variable mortality rates in chicks. Currently, no effective treatment and vaccination is the only means to control it. This study exploited the immunoinformatics approaches to construct multi-epitope vaccine against ALV. ABCpred and IEDB servers were used to predict B and T lymphocytes epitopes from the viral proteins, respectively. Antigenicity, allergenicity and toxicity of the epitopes were assessed and used to construct the vaccine with suitable adjuvant and linkers. Secondary and tertiary structures of the vaccine were predicted, refined and validated. Structural errors, solubility, stability, immune simulation, dynamic simulation, docking and in silico cloning were also evaluated.The constructed vaccine was hydrophilic, antigenic and non-allergenic. Ramchandran plot showed most of the residues in the favored and additional allowed regions. ProsA server showed no errors in the vaccine structure. Immune simulation showed significant immunoglobulins and cytokines levels. Stability was enhanced by disulfide engineering and molecular dynamic simulation. Docking of the vaccine with chicken's TLR7 revealed competent binding energies.The vaccine was cloned in pET-30a(+) vector and efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli. This study provided a potent peptide vaccine that could assist in tailoring a rapid and cost-effective vaccine that helps to combat ALV. However, experimental validation is required to assess the vaccine efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham O Elshafei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nuha A Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yassir A Almofti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bahri, P.O. Box 1660, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Fandiño S, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L, Doménech A. Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2358. [PMID: 37508135 PMCID: PMC10376345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as strictly inspected as commercial poultry and which have been found to harbor ALVs. In addition, the genome of both poultry and of several gamebird species contain endogenous retroviral sequences. Circumstances that support keeping up surveillance include the detection of several ALV natural recombinants between exogenous and endogenous ALV-related sequences which, combined with the well-known ability of retroviruses to mutate, facilitate the emergence of escape mutants. The subgroup most prevalent nowadays, ALV-J, has emerged as a multi-recombinant which uses a different receptor from the previously known subgroups, greatly increasing its cell tropism and pathogenicity and making it more transmissible. In this review we describe the ALVs, their different subgroups and which receptor they use to infect the cell, their routes of transmission and their presence in different bird collectivities, and the immune response against them. We analyze the different systems to control them, from vaccination to the progress made editing the bird genome to generate mutated ALV receptors or selecting certain haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fandiño
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Doménech
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Conrad SJ, Mays JK, Hearn CJ, Dunn JR. Targeted Ablation of Exon 2 of the Avian Leukosis Virus-A (ALV-A) Receptor Gene in a Chicken Fibroblast Cell Line by CRISPR Abrogates ALV-A Infection. Avian Dis 2023; 67:102-107. [PMID: 37140118 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Department of Agriculture Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory currently relies on live birds of specific genetic backgrounds for producing chicken-embryo fibroblasts that are used for the diagnosis and subtyping of field isolates associated with avian leukosis virus (ALV) outbreaks. As an alternative to maintaining live animals for this purpose, we are currently developing cell lines capable of achieving the same result by ablation of the entry receptors utilized by ALV strains. We used CRISPR-Cas9 on the cell fibroblast-derived cell line DF-1 to disrupt the tva gene, which encodes the receptor required for binding and entry of ALV-A into cells. We ultimately identified seven DF-1 clones that had biallelic and homozygous indels at the Cas9 target site, exon 2 of tva. When tested in vitro for their ability to host ALV-A, the five clones that had frameshift mutations that disrupted the Tva protein were unable to support ALV-A replication. This result clearly demonstrates that modified cell lines can be used as part of a battery of tests to determine ALV subtype for isolate characterization, thus eliminating the need for live birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Conrad
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Jody K. Mays
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823
| | - Cari J. Hearn
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823
| | - John R. Dunn
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605
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Zaib G, Hu X, Cui H. Global Maps of Avian Leukosis Viruses: Research Trends and Themes Based on Networking. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010016. [PMID: 36669017 PMCID: PMC9864761 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) has a tremendous adverse impact on the poultry industry. Since its discovery, research on different aspects of ALV have been published. Due to the vast academic emphasis and economic importance of the ALV infection in poultry worldwide, this bibliometric analysis explored the scientific output associated with ALV utilizing the Web of Science (Core Collection) database. The relevant data were collected using the search query "AVIAN LEUKOSIS VIRUS", further refined by document types (article, book chapter, and proceedings paper). Finally, 1060 items with full records were imported in Plaintext and tab-delimited formats. The data analysis was carried out using MS Excel, VOS viewer, and R (Biblioshiny) software. Chinese and American research institutions produced the majority of papers during study time period. The Journal of Virology and Avian Diseases appeared as the favorite journal/source for publications. Apart from the avian leukosis virus and the ALV-J, the important keywords mentioned included avian leukosis virus subgroup j, chicken, and retrovirus. The analysis revealed substantial findings on ALV research, with a strong research response from the USA and China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Zaib
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuming Hu
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hengmi Cui
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18796606300
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Mo G, Wei P, Hu B, Nie Q, Zhang X. Advances on genetic and genomic studies of ALV resistance. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:123. [PMID: 36217167 PMCID: PMC9550310 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis (AL) is a general term for a variety of neoplastic diseases in avian caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV). No vaccine or drug is currently available for the disease. Therefore, the disease can result in severe economic losses in poultry flocks. Increasing the resistance of poultry to ALV may be one effective strategy. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles of genes associated with ALV infection in the poultry genome, including endogenous retroviruses, virus receptors, interferon-stimulated genes, and other immune-related genes. Furthermore, some methods and techniques that can improve ALV resistance in poultry are discussed. The objectives are willing to provide some valuable references for disease resistance breeding in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. .,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Chen H, Diao Y, Sun X, Wang Y. Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of a ALV-K strain from Chinese indigenous chicken breed. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102116. [PMID: 36081235 PMCID: PMC9463579 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Subgroup K avian leukosis virus (ALV-K) is a new subgroup of avian leukosis virus (ALV) first identified in Chinese indigenous chickens in recent years. In this study, an ALV-K strain was isolated from Luhua chicken in Shandong province, China, and designated SD20LH01. The full-length genomic sequence of SD20LH01 was 7491 bp, which had the highest homology with ALV-K reference strains GDFX0601, GDFX0602 and GDFX0603. The nucleotide homology of env gene of SD20LH01 with reference strains of subgroup A, B, C, D, E, and J was ranged from 57.1 to 93.2%, while 94.1 to 99.4% with other ALV-K reference strains. The nucleotide difference of SD20LH01 mainly clustered with gp85 gene and U3 sequence when compared with the reference strain of ALV-K. In order to investigate the pathogenicity of SD20LH01, SPF chicken embryos were infected by yolk sac inoculation, and 1-day-old chickens were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of SD20LH01. The results showed that yolk sac inoculation of SD20LH01 could induce persistent viremia, growth retardation and reduce the immune response to NDV and AIV-H9 vaccines. However, intraperitoneal inoculation in 1-day-old chickens could only induce a low level of viremia. In addition, no tumors were found in infected chickens during the animal experiments. This study enriched the genomic sequence data of ALV-K isolated in Chinese indigenous chickens, and laid a foundation for further study on the pathogenesis and prevention of ALV-K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Agricultural Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China; Liaocheng Engineering Technology Research Center for Broiler Healthy Breeding, Liaocheng, China
| | - Youjiang Diao
- College of Agricultural Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Qu G, Li Y, Zhao Z, Miao L, Wei F, Tang N, Xu Q, Nair V, Yao Y, Shen Z. Establishment and Application of a Real-Time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for the Detection of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:847194. [PMID: 35873679 PMCID: PMC9301284 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.847194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV), belonging to the genus Alpharetrovirus of the family Retroviridae, is associated with benign and malignant tumors in hemopoietic cells in poultry. Although several methods have been developed for ALV detection, most of them are not suitable for rapid on-site testing due to instrument limitations, professional operators, or the low sensitivity of the method. Herein, we described the real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for rapid detection of ALV subgroup J (ALV-J). The major viral structural glycoprotein gp85, highly specific for the subgroup, was used as the molecular target for the real-time RPA assay. The results were obtained at 38°C within 20 min, with the detection sensitivity of 10 copies/μl of standard plasmid pMD18-T-gp85 as the template per reaction. Real-time RPA was capable of ALV-J-specific detection without cross-reaction with other non-targeted avian pathogens. Of the 62 clinical samples tested, the ALV-positive rates of real-time RPA, PCR, and real-time PCR were 66.13% (41/62), 59.68% (37/62), and 67.74% (42/62), respectively. The diagnostic agreement between real-time RPA and real-time PCR was 98.39% (61/62), and the kappa value was 0.9636. The developed real-time ALV-J assay seems promising for rapid and sensitive detection of ALV-J in diagnostic laboratories. It is suitable for on-site detection, especially in a poor resource environment, thus facilitating the prevention and control of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanggang Qu
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guanggang Qu
| | - Yun Li
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Shandong Lvdu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Lizhong Miao
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
| | - Na Tang
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Yongxiu Yao
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy and UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Lvdu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
- Zhiqiang Shen
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Gainor K, Ghosh S. A comprehensive review of viruses in terrestrial animals from the Caribbean islands of Greater and Lesser Antilles. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1299-e1325. [PMID: 35578793 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Viruses pose a major threat to animal health worldwide, causing significant mortalities and morbidities in livestock, companion animals and wildlife, with adverse implications on human health, livelihoods, food safety and security, regional/national economies, and biodiversity. The Greater and Lesser Antilles consist of a cluster of islands between the North and South Americas and is habitat to a wide variety of animal species. This review is the first to put together decades of information on different viruses circulating in companion animals, livestock, and wildlife from the Caribbean islands of Greater and Lesser Antilles. Although animal viral diseases have been documented in the Caribbean region since the 1940s, we found that studies on different animal viruses are limited, inconsistent, and scattered. Furthermore, a significant number of the reports were based on serological assays, yielding preliminary data. The available information was assessed to identify knowledge gaps and limitations, and accordingly, recommendations were made, with the overall goal to improve animal health and production, and combat zoonoses in the region. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Gainor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies
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Qu X, Li X, Li Z, Liao M, Dai M. Chicken Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Response to Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J Infection Assessed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:800618. [PMID: 35359721 PMCID: PMC8964181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.800618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exhibit wide-ranging cell types, but current understanding of their subclasses, immune cell classification, and function is limited and incomplete. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of PBMCs in Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infected and control chickens at 21 days post infection (DPI) to determine chicken PBMCs subsets and their specific molecular and cellular characteristics. Eight cell populations and their potential marker genes were identified in PBMCs. T cell populations had the strongest response to (ALV-J) infection, based on the detection of the largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and could be further grouped into four subsets: activated CD4+ T cells, Th1-like cells, Th2-like cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, pseudotime analysis results suggested that chicken CD4+ T cells could potentially differentiate into Th1-like and Th2-like cells. Moreover, ALV-J infection activated CD4+ T cell was probably inclined to differentiate into Th1-like cells. Compared to the control PBMCs, ALV-J infection also had an obvious impact on PBMCs composition. B cells showed inconspicuous response and their numbers decreased in PBMCs from ALV-J infected chicken. Proportions of cytotoxic Th1-like cells and CD8+ T cells increased in the T cell population of PBMCs from ALV-J infected chicken, which were potentially key mitigating effectors against ALV-J infection. More importantly, our results provide a rich resource of gene expression profiles of chicken PBMCs subsets for a systems-level understanding of their function in homeostatic condition as well as in response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Qu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Core Facilities for Medical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manman Dai
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Li Y, Liu Y, Lin Z, Cui S, Chang S, Cui Z, Zhao P, Wang Y. Role of env gene and LTR sequence in the pathogenesis of subgroup K avian leukosis virus. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35130137 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a retrovirus that induces tumours in infected birds; ALV is divided into different subgroups according to the env gene and cellular tropism. In general, ALV subgroup J (ALV-J) is considered to be the most pathogenic and prevalent subgroup while subgroup K (ALV-K), a newly identified subgroup, only causes mild symptoms. To illuminate the roles of the env viral gene and LTR sequence in pathogenic differences between ALV-J and ALV-K, rescued ALV-J strain rSDAU1005, rescued ALV-K strain rJS11C1, and recombinant strains rENV(J)-LTR(K) and rENV(K)-LTR(J) were characterized and investigated in this study. Among rescued viruses, rSDAU1005 had the highest replication efficiency while rJS11C1 replicated the slowest (replication efficiency rankings were rSDAU1005 >rENV(K)-LTR(J)>rENV(J)-LTR(K)>rJS11 C1). The luciferase reporter gene assay results showed that the promoter activity of ALV-K LTR was lower than that of the ALV-J LTR promoter, which may have accounted for the slower replication efficiency of ALV-K. Pathogenicity of the four rescued viruses was determined via inoculating the yolk sacs of specific-pathogen-free chickens. The results demonstrated that all four viruses were pathogenic; rSDAU1005 caused the most severe growth retardation and immunosuppression. rENV(J)-LTR(K) was more pathogenic when compared to rENV(K)-LTR(J), indicating that env and the LTR sequence play important roles in pathogenicity between ALV-K and ALV-J. Additionally, env seemed to especially play a role in ALV-K pathogenesis. This study provided scientific data and insight to improve detection methods and judgement criteria in ALV clearance and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, PR China.,China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- China Animal Disease Control Centre, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhanye Lin
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuai Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, PR China
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13
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WHOLE-GENOME ANALYSIS REVEALS POSSIBLE SOURCES OF ALV-J INFECTION IN AN ANYI TILE-LIKE GREY CHICKEN FLOCK. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101764. [PMID: 35381497 PMCID: PMC8980333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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14
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Liu J, Gao K, Li D, Zeng Y, Chen X, Liang X, Fang C, Gu Y, Wang C, Yang Y. Recombinant invasive Lactobacillus plantarum expressing the J subgroup avian leukosis virus Gp85 protein induces protection against avian leukosis in chickens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:729-742. [PMID: 34971411 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis, caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV), is an infectious tumor disease and severely hinders the development of the poultry industry. The use of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) could effectively alleviate viremia in the early period of J subgroup ALV (ALV-J) infection. In this study, an invasive L. plantarum NC8 expressing Gp85 protein of ALV-J was constructed. After chickens were orally administered the recombinant invasive NC8, the levels of expression of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and spleen by flow cytometry and the proliferation ability of splenocytes by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were examined, and the contents of cytokines, the anti-ALV-J antibody in serum, and mucosal antibody sIgA in intestinal lavage fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The immunoprotective efficiency was evaluated by monitoring the infection rate, the percent of cloacal swabs and survival, body weight gain, the organ indexes, and relative virus loads after challenge with ALV-J. The results showed that the recombinant invasive strain (FnBPA-gp85) could promote the expression levels of the CD8+T cells in peripheral blood and spleen, the proliferation of splenocytes, the secretions of cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and γ-interferon (IFN-γ), and the production of IgG and sIgA compared with the PBS and FnBPA control groups in chickens. The FnBPA-gp85 group was exhibited the highest immune protection against ALV-J infection. The above results indicated that the recombinant invasive NC8 could promote the cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and mucosal immunity responses in chicken and provide a new method for exploring the live vaccine against ALV-J.Key points• The FnBPA-gp85 strain could enhance cellular immunity response.• The FnBPA-gp85 strain could improve the immune protection against ALV-J infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Keli Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Dingwei Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xueyang Chen
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xiongyan Liang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Chun Fang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yufang Gu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
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15
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Khare VM, Saxena VK, Pasternak MA, Nyinawabera A, Singh KB, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. The expression profiles of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in tumors caused by Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV-A) in chickens. Genes Immun 2021; 23:12-22. [PMID: 34934184 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune genes play an important role in the immune responses to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumor formation and metastasis. Here, we determined in vivo expression of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in Synthetic Broiler Dam Line (SDL) chickens following RSV-A infection. The mRNA expression of genes was determined at the primary site of infection and in different organs of progressor, regressor and non-responder chicks, using RT-qPCR. Our results indicated a significant upregulation of: (1) chemokines, such as MIP1β and RANTES, (2) the innate immune gene TLR4, and (3) p53, a tumor-suppressor gene, at the site of primary infection in progressor chickens. In contrast, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression was significantly downregulated in progressor chicks compared to uninfected, control chicks. All of the innate immune genes were significantly upregulated in the lungs and liver of the progressor and regressor chicks compared to control chicks. In the spleen of progressor chicks, RANTES, iNOS and p53 gene expression were significantly increased, whereas MIP1β and TLR4 gene expression was significantly downregulated, compared to control chicks. The lungs and livers of non-responder chicks expressed a low level of iNOS and MIP1β, whereas RANTES, TLR4, and p53 gene expression were significantly upregulated compared to uninfected control chicks. In addition, there was a significant downregulation of RANTES, MIP1β, and TLR4 gene expression in non-responder chicks. These results suggest the different response to infection of chicks with RSV-A is due to differential changes in the expression of innate immune genes in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa M Khare
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India.
| | - Vishesh K Saxena
- Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India
| | - Mariah A Pasternak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Angelique Nyinawabera
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Kunwar B Singh
- Animal Science Department, Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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16
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Qiao D, He Q, Cheng X, Yao Y, Nair V, Shao H, Qin A, Qian K. Regulation of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J Replication by Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101968. [PMID: 34696398 PMCID: PMC8539648 DOI: 10.3390/v13101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a highly conserved pathway related to a variety of biological processes in different cells. The regulation of replication of various viruses by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been reported. However, the interaction between the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and avian leukosis virus is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection. The activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by GSK-3 inhibitor increased ALV-J mRNA, viral protein expression, and virus production in CEF cells. This increase was suppressed by iCRT14, one of the specific inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, treatment with iCRT14 reduced virus titer and viral gene expression significantly in CEF and LMH cells in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by knockdown of β-catenin reduced virus proliferation in CEF cells also. Collectively, these results suggested that the status of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway modulated ALV-J replication. These studies extend our understanding of the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in ALV-J replication and make a new contribution to understanding the virus–host interactions of avian leukosis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Qiao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Q.); (Q.H.); (X.C.); (H.S.); (A.Q.)
- School of Animal Engineering, Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou 221006, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qian He
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Q.); (Q.H.); (X.C.); (H.S.); (A.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaowei Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Q.); (Q.H.); (X.C.); (H.S.); (A.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (Y.Y.); (V.N.)
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (Y.Y.); (V.N.)
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Q.); (Q.H.); (X.C.); (H.S.); (A.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Q.); (Q.H.); (X.C.); (H.S.); (A.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Q.); (Q.H.); (X.C.); (H.S.); (A.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-514-8797-9017; Fax: 86-514-8797-9217
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17
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He S, Zheng G, Zhou D, Huang L, Dong J, Cheng Z. High-frequency and activation of CD4 +CD25 + T cells maintain persistent immunotolerance induced by congenital ALV-J infection. Vet Res 2021; 52:119. [PMID: 34526112 PMCID: PMC8442411 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection can induce persistent immunotolerance in chicken, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that congenital ALV-J infection induces the production of high-frequency and activated CD4+CD25+ Tregs that maintain persistent immunotolerance. A model of congenital infection by ALV-J was established in fertilized eggs, and hatched chicks showed persistent immunotolerance characterized by persistent viremia, immune organ dysplasia, severe imbalance of the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in blood and immune organs, and significant decrease in CD3+ T cells and Bu-1+ B cells in the spleen. Concurrently, the mRNA levels of IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ showed significant fluctuations in immune organs. Moreover, the frequency of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in blood and immune organs significantly increased, and the frequency of CD4+CD25+ Tregs was positively correlated with changes in ALV-J load in immune organs. Interestingly, CD4+CD25+ Tregs increased in the marginal zone of splenic nodules in ALV-J-infected chickens and dispersed to the germinal center. In addition, the proliferation and activation of B cells in splenic nodules was inhibited, and the number of IgM+ and IgG+ cells in the marginal zone significantly decreased. We further found that the mRNA levels of TGF- β and CTLA-4 in CD4+CD25+ Tregs of ALV-J-infected chickens significantly increased. Together, high-frequency and activated CD4+CD25+ Tregs inhibited B cells functions by expressing the inhibitory cytokine TGF-β and inhibitory surface receptor CTLA-4, thereby maintaining persistent immunotolerance in congenital ALV-J-infected chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No 61, Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.,College of Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, No 1, North Ring Road, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Gaoying Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No 61, Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No 61, Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, No 1, North Ring Road, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Jianguo Dong
- College of Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, No 1, North Ring Road, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No 61, Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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18
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Ye F, Wang Y, He Q, Wang Z, Ma E, Zhu S, Yu H, Yin H, Zhao X, Li D, Xu H, Li H, Zhu Q. Screening of immune biomarkers in different breeds of chickens infected with J subgroup of avian leukemia virus by proteomic. Virulence 2021; 11:1158-1176. [PMID: 32799626 PMCID: PMC7549955 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1809323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leucosis (AL) is a disease characterized by tumors and is caused by the avian leukosis virus (ALV). Because of the high variability of viruses and complex pathogenic mechanisms, screening and breeding J subgroup of ALV (ALV-J) resistant avian breeds is one of the strategies for prevention and treatment of AL, thus screening of significant immune markers is needed to promote the development of disease-resistant breeds. In this study, data-independent acquisition (DIA) technology was used to detect the DEPs of three breeds of chicken according to different comparison to investigate the potential markers. Results showed special DEPs for spleen development of each breed were detected, such as PCNT, DDB2, and ZNF62. These DEPs were involved in intestinal immune network used in production of IgA signaling pathways and related to immune response which can be used as potential markers for spleen development in different breeds. The DEPs such as RAB44 and TPN involved in viral myocarditis, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, and tuberculosis can be used as potential markers of spleen immune response after ALV-J infection in chickens. Pair-wise analysis was performed for the three breeds after the infection of ALV-J. The proteins such as RFX1, TAF10, and VH1 were differently expressed between three breeds. These DEPs involved in antigen processing and expression, acute myelogenous leukemia, and viral carcinogenesis can be used as potential immune markers after ALV-J infection of different genetic backgrounds. The screening of potential markers at protein level provides a strong theoretical research basis for disease resistance breeding in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University , Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China
| | - Qijian He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaoshuo Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China
| | - Enyue Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China
| | - Shiliang Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China
| | - Heling Yu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China
| | - Hengyong Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University , Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan, China
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19
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Kheimar A, Klinger R, Bertzbach LD, Sid H, Yu Y, Conradie AM, Schade B, Böhm B, Preisinger R, Nair V, Kaufer BB, Schusser B. A Genetically Engineered Commercial Chicken Line Is Resistant to Highly Pathogenic Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1066. [PMID: 34069313 PMCID: PMC8157034 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases remain a major concern for animal health and global food production in modern agriculture. In chickens, avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) represents an important pathogen that causes severe economic loss. Until now, no vaccine or antiviral drugs are available against ALV-J and strategies to combat this pathogen in commercial flocks are desperately needed. CRISPR/Cas9 targeted genome editing recently facilitated the generation of genetically modified chickens with a mutation of the chicken ALV-J receptor Na+/H+ exchanger type 1 (chNHE1). In this study, we provide evidence that this mutation protects a commercial chicken line (NHE1ΔW38) against the virulent ALV-J prototype strain HPRS-103. We demonstrate that replication of HPRS-103 is severely impaired in NHE1ΔW38 birds and that ALV-J-specific antigen is not detected in cloacal swabs at later time points. Consistently, infected NHE1ΔW38 chickens gained more weight compared to their non-transgenic counterparts (NHE1W38). Histopathology revealed that NHE1W38 chickens developed ALV-J typical pathology in various organs, while no pathological lesions were detected in NHE1ΔW38 chickens. Taken together, our data revealed that this mutation can render a commercial chicken line resistant to highly pathogenic ALV-J infection, which could aid in fighting this pathogen and improve animal health in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kheimar
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, 82424 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Romina Klinger
- Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Luca D. Bertzbach
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Hicham Sid
- Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - You Yu
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Andelé M. Conradie
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Benjamin Schade
- Bavarian Animal Health Service, Department of Pathology, 85586 Poing, Germany; (B.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigitte Böhm
- Bavarian Animal Health Service, Department of Pathology, 85586 Poing, Germany; (B.S.); (B.B.)
| | | | | | - Benedikt B. Kaufer
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Benjamin Schusser
- Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.K.); (H.S.)
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20
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Li H, Tan M, Zhang F, Ji H, Zeng Y, Yang Q, Tan J, Huang J, Su Q, Huang Y, Kang Z. Diversity of Avian leukosis virus subgroup J in local chickens, Jiangxi, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4797. [PMID: 33637946 PMCID: PMC7910287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV) is one of the most severe diseases endangering the poultry industry. When the eradication measures performed in commercial broilers and layers have achieved excellent results, ALV in some local chickens has gradually attracted attention. Since late 2018, following the re-outbreak of ALV-J in white feather broilers in China, AL-like symptoms also suddenly broke out in some local flocks, leading to great economic losses. In this study, a systematic epidemiological survey was carried out in eight local chicken flocks in Jiangxi Province, China, and 71 strains were finally isolated from 560 samples, with the env sequences of them being successfully sequenced. All of those new isolates belong to subgroup J but they have different molecular features and were very different from the strains that emerged in white feature broilers recently, with some strains being highly consistent with those previously isolated from commercial broilers, layers and other flocks or even isolated from USA and Russian, suggesting these local chickens have been acted as reservoirs to accumulate various ALV-J strains for a long time. More seriously, phylogenetic analysis shows that there were also many novel strains emerging and in a separate evolutionary branch, indicating several new mutated ALVs are being bred in local chickens. Besides, ALV-J strains isolated in this study can be further divided into ten groups, while there were more or fewer groups in different chickens, revealing that ALV may cross propagate in those flocks. The above analyses explain the complex background and future evolution trend of ALV-J in Chinese local chickens, providing theoretical support for the establishment of corresponding prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meifang Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huayuan Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanbing Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiangnan Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Kang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China.
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21
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Chojnacka-Puchta L, Sawicka D. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in a chicken model: current approaches and applications. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:221-229. [PMID: 31925767 PMCID: PMC7148258 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in genome editing technology in birds using primordial germ cells (PGCs) have made the development of innovative era genome-edited avian models possible, including specific chicken bioreactors, production of knock-in/out chickens, low-allergenicity eggs, and disease-resistance models. New strategies, including CRISPR/Cas9, have made gene editing easy and highly efficient in comparison to the well-known process of homologous recombination. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technique enables us to understand the function of genes and/or to modify the animal phenotype to fit a specific scientific or production target. To facilitate chicken genome engineering applications, we present a concise description of the method and current application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in chickens. Different strategies for delivering sgRNAs and the Cas9 protein, we also present extensively. Furthermore, we describe a new gesicle technology as a way to deliver Cas9/sgRNA complexes into target cells, and we discuss the advantages and describe basal applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in a chicken model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Chojnacka-Puchta
- Department of Bioengineering, Lukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Staroscinska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Sawicka
- Department of Bioengineering, Lukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Staroscinska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Chen S, Wang D, Liu Y, Zhao R, Wu T, Hu X, Pan Z, Cui H. Targeting the Histone Methyltransferase Disruptor of Telomeric Silencing 1-Like Restricts Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J Replication by Restoring the Innate Immune Response in Chicken Macrophages. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:603131. [PMID: 33363525 PMCID: PMC7752946 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.603131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an oncogenic retrovirus, is known to cause immunosuppression and various types of cancer in chickens. Recent reports have shown that epigenetic changes in DNA and chromatin are widely implicated in the life cycle of diverse viruses, and reversal of these changes in host cells can lead to alterations in the propagation of viruses. In the present study, we found that disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L), a histone H3 lysine79 (H3K79) methyltransferase, was upregulated during ALV-J infection in chicken macrophage HD11 cells. Subsequently, we show that targeting DOT1L with a specific inhibitor can significantly decrease the ALV-J replication and viral production. By generating of DOT1L-knockout (KO) HD11 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we show that deletion of the DOT1L led to an increase in the induction of IFNβ and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in HD11 cells in response to ALV-J infection. Importantly, we confirmed that ALV-J infection impaired the activation of the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)-mediated-IFN pathway by suppressing the MDA5 expression, and knockout DOT1L rescued the expression of MDA5 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), both of which tightly control the antiviral innate immunity. Collectively, it can be deduced from the current data that blocking DOT1L activity or deletion of DOT1L can lead to ALV-J replication inhibition and restoration of the virally suppressed host innate immunity. Thus, we suggest that DOT1L might be a potential drug target for modulating host innate immune responses to combat ALV-J infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Chen
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics and College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinyin Liu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruihan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics and College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuming Hu
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics and College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hengmi Cui
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics and College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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23
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OASL Triggered by Novel Goose Astrovirus via ORF2 Restricts Its Replication. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01767-20. [PMID: 32967952 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01767-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although astroviruses causes enteric diseases and encephalitis in humans and nephritis and hepatitis in poultry, astrovirus infection is thought to be self-limiting. However, little is known about its molecular mechanism. In this study, we found that a novel goose astrovirus (GAstV), GAstV-GD, and its open reading frame 2 (ORF2) could efficiently activate the innate immune response and induce a high level of OASL in vitro and in vivo The truncation assay for ORF2 further revealed that the P2 domain of ORF2 contributed to stimulating OASL, whereas the acidic C terminus of ORF2 attenuated such activation. Moreover, the overexpression and knockdown of OASL could efficiently restrict and promote the viral replication of GAstV-GD, respectively. Our data not only give novel insights for elucidating self-limiting infection by astrovirus but also provide virus and host targets for fighting against astroviruses.IMPORTANCE Astroviruses cause gastroenteritis and encephalitis in human, and nephritis, hepatitis, and gout disease in poultry. However, the host immune response activated by astrovirus is mostly unknown. Here, we found that a novel goose astrovirus, GAstV-GD, and its ORF2 protein could efficiently induce a high level of OASL in vitro and in vivo, which could feed back to restrict the replication of GAstV-GD, revealing novel innate molecules triggered by astroviruses and highlighting that the ORF2 of GAstV-GD and OASL can be potential antiviral targets for astroviruses.
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24
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Feng M, Fei S, Xia J, Labropoulou V, Swevers L, Sun J. Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Factors in Insect Antiviral Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2030. [PMID: 32983149 PMCID: PMC7492552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with antiviral activity (antiviral peptides: AVPs) have become a research hotspot and already show immense potential to become pharmaceutically available antiviral drugs. AVPs have exhibited huge potential in inhibiting viruses by targeting various stages of their life cycle. Insects are the most speciose group of animals that inhabit almost all ecosystems and habitats on the land and are a rich source of natural AMPs. However, insect AVP mining, functional research, and drug development are still in their infancy. This review aims to summarize the currently validated insect AVPs, explore potential new insect AVPs and to discuss their possible mechanism of synthesis and action, with a view to providing clues to unravel the mechanisms of insect antiviral immunity and to develop insect AVP-derived antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - Shigang Fei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junming Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vassiliki Labropoulou
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Awan FM, Yang BB, Naz A, Hanif A, Ikram A, Obaid A, Malik A, Janjua HA, Ali A, Sharif S. The emerging role and significance of circular RNAs in viral infections and antiviral immune responses: possible implication as theranostic agents. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1-15. [PMID: 32615049 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1790198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are ubiquitously expressed, covalently closed rings, produced by pre-mRNA splicing in a reversed order during post-transcriptional processing. Circularity endows 3'-5'-linked circRNAs with stability and resistance to exonucleolytic degradation which raises the question whether circRNAs may be relevant as potential therapeutic targets or agents. High stability in biological systems is the most remarkable property and a major criterion for why circRNAs could be exploited for a range of RNA-centred medical applications. Even though various biological roles and regulatory functions of circRNAs have been reported, their in-depth study is challenging because of their circular structure and sequence-overlap with linear mRNA counterparts. Moreover, little is known about their role in viral infections and in antiviral immune responses. We believe that an in-depth and detailed understanding of circRNA mediated viral protein regulations will increase our knowledge of the biology of these novel molecules. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive basis and overview on the biogenesis, significance and regulatory roles of circRNAs in the context of antiviral immune responses and viral infections including hepatitis C virus infection, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis delta virus infection, influenza A virus infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus infection, human cytomegalovirus infection, herpes simplex virus infection, human immunodeficiency virus infection, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus infection, ORF virus infection, avian leukosis virus infection, simian vacuolating virus 40 infection, transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus infection, and bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection. We have also discussed the critical regulatory role of circRNAs in provoking antiviral immunity, providing evidence for implications as therapeutic agents and as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), the University of Lahore (UOL) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Anam Naz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), the University of Lahore (UOL) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aneeqa Hanif
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), the University of Lahore (UOL) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Ikram
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Obaid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), the University of Lahore (UOL) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hussnain Ahmed Janjua
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sharif
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), the University of Lahore (UOL) , Lahore, Pakistan
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26
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Hellmich R, Sid H, Lengyel K, Flisikowski K, Schlickenrieder A, Bartsch D, Thoma T, Bertzbach LD, Kaufer BB, Nair V, Preisinger R, Schusser B. Acquiring Resistance Against a Retroviral Infection via CRISPR/Cas9 Targeted Genome Editing in a Commercial Chicken Line. Front Genome Ed 2020; 2:3. [PMID: 34713212 PMCID: PMC8525359 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing technology provides new possibilities for animal breeding and aid in understanding host-pathogen interactions. In poultry, retroviruses display one of the most difficult pathogens to control by conventional strategies such as vaccinations. Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an oncogenic, immunosuppressive retrovirus that causes myeloid leukosis and other tumors in chickens. Severe economic losses caused by ALV-J remain an unsolved problem in many parts of the world due to inefficient eradication strategies and lack of effective vaccines. ALV-J attachment and entry are mediated through the specific receptor, chicken Na+/H+ exchanger type 1 (chNHE1). The non-conserved amino acid tryptophan 38 (W38) in chNHE1 is crucial for virus entry, making it a favorable target for the introduction of disease resistance. In this study, we obtained ALV-J-resistance in a commercial chicken line by precise deletion of chNHE1 W38, utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9-system in combination with homology directed repair. The genetic modification completely protected cells from infection with a subgroup J retrovirus. W38 deletion did neither have a negative effect on the development nor on the general health condition of the gene edited chickens. Overall, the generation of ALV-J-resistant birds by precise gene editing demonstrates the immense potential of this approach as an alternative disease control strategy in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Hellmich
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hicham Sid
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Kamila Lengyel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Antonina Schlickenrieder
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Denise Bartsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Theresa Thoma
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Schusser
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Benjamin Schusser
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27
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Wang H, Guan J, Liu X, Shi Y, Wu Q, Luo M, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Pan Y. Rapid detection of avian leukosis virus using a fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strip assay. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6492-6496. [PMID: 31553793 PMCID: PMC8913972 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a rapid fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strip (FM-ICTS) assay for the quantitative detection of avian leukosis virus (ALV). A monoclonal antibody specific for the ALV major capsid protein encoded by the gag gene was coupled to label fluorescent microspheres. ALV antibodies were coated on a nitrocellulose membrane to prepare a test line for sample detection. The fluorescence signals of the test and control lines can be read either visually by exposure to UV light or using a fluorescence analyzer. ALV could be detected quantitatively using the ratio of fluorescence signals of the test and control lines (T/C). The assay threshold was determined as a T/C value of 0.0606. The fitting curve equation was established between 1 and 2,048 ng/mL P27 protein with an r2 value of 0.9998. The assay showed no cross reactivity with Newcastle disease virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, Marek's disease virus, infectious bursal disease, Reoviridae virus, or avian influenza virus. The repeatability was satisfactory with an overall average CV of 8.65%. The Kappa coefficient between a commercial ELISA kit was 0.7031 using clinical chicken meconium samples. Thus, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strip was developed based on specific anti-capsid protein p27 monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianchi Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangnan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangzhou Veterinary Biotechnology Co.Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Beijing Senkang Biotech Development Co., Ltd, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Qiwen Wu
- Guangzhou Veterinary Biotechnology Co.Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Mengzhen Luo
- Guangzhou Veterinary Biotechnology Co.Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yujun Zhu
- Guangzhou Bozhi Biotechnology Co.Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zizengchen Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lefeng Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Guangzhou Veterinary Biotechnology Co.Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, China
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28
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Zmrhal V, Slama P. Current knowledge about interactions between avian dendritic cells and poultry pathogens. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:103565. [PMID: 31830703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In poultry production conditions today, birds are surrounded by viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents. DCs are the main antigen-presenting cells located in tissues of the body, and their role involves recognizing antigen structures, engulfing and processing them, and subsequently presenting antigen peptides on their surface by major histocompatibility complex, where T cells and B cells are stimulated and can begin appropriate cellular and antibody immune response. This unique function indicates that these cells can be used in producing vaccines, but first it is necessary to culture DCs in vitro to identify the principles of their interactions with pathogens. The following review summarizes our current knowledge about avian dendritic cells and their interactions with pathogens. It provides a basis for future studies of these unique cells and their use in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zmrhal
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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29
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Systematic Identification of Host Immune Key Factors Influencing Viral Infection in PBL of ALV-J Infected SPF Chicken. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010114. [PMID: 31963363 PMCID: PMC7019883 DOI: 10.3390/v12010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although research related to avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) has lasted for more than a century, the systematic identification of host immune key factors against ALV-J infection has not been reported. In this study, we establish an infection model in which four-week-old SPF chickens are infected with ALV-J strain CHN06, after which the host immune response is detected. We found that the expression of two antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) (Mx1 and IFIT5) were increased in ALV-J infected peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). A significant CD8+ T cell response induced by ALV-J appeared as early as seven days post-infection (DPI), and humoral immunity starting from 21 DPI differed greatly in the time scale of induction level. Meanwhile, the ALV-J viremia was significantly decreased before antibody production at 14 DPI, and eliminated at 21 DPI under a very low antibody level. The up-regulated CD8+ T cell in the thymus (14DPI) and PBL (7 DPI and 21 DPI) was detected, indicating that the thymus may provide the output of CD8+ T cell to PBL, which was related to virus clearance. Besides, up-regulated chemokine CXCLi1 at 7 DPI in PBL was observed, which may be related to the migration of the CD8+ T cell from the thymus to PBL. More importantly, the CD8 high+ T cell response of the CD8αβ phenotype may produce granzyme K, NK lysin, or IFN-γ for clearing viruses. These findings provide novel insights and direction for developing effective ALV-J vaccines.
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30
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Zhang Y, Su Q, Zhang Z, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Molecular characteristics of the re-emerged avian leukosis virus in China, 2018-2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1141-1151. [PMID: 31785180 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since early 2018, avian leukosis virus (ALV) has re-emerged throughout six provinces in Northeast and East of China and caused huge economic losses. In different farms, there are significant differences in clinical symptoms, including morbidity, mortality and location of tumours, on affected animals, which implies that the present strains may have different origins and molecular characteristics. In this study, a systematic epidemiological investigation was conducted in 21 farms in six provinces. Results showed that the virus strains present in this outbreak are highly consistent but carry different mutations. All the strains shared 97.0%-99.0% identity with each other and were highly similar to the GD14J2 strain isolated previously, while different insertion fragments can be found in the env gene of different strains, suggesting that the strains of ALV in this outbreak may have the same ancestors but have gone through different evolutionary trajectories. This study demonstrated that these viruses may point to multiple sources of infection, and all should be identified and taken seriously in the formulation of control plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
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31
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Abstract
Infectious diseases are caused from pathogens, which need a reliable and fast diagnosis. Today, expert personnel and centralized laboratories are needed to afford much time in diagnosing diseases caused from pathogens. Recent progress in electrochemical studies shows that biosensors are very simple, accurate, precise, and cheap at virus detection, for which researchers find great interest in this field. The clinical levels of these pathogens can be easily analyzed with proposed biosensors. Their working principle is based on affinity between antibody and antigen in body fluids. The progress still continues on these biosensors for accurate, rapid, reliable sensors in future.
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Dai M, Feng M, Xie T, Li Y, Zhang X. Fluctuations in luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and progesterone might affect the disappearance of avian leukosis virus subgroup J viremia in chickens with intermittent viremia. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3533-3538. [PMID: 31002116 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) belongs to α-retrovirus genus of retroviridae, causing neoplastic disease, immunosuppression, and other problems in the poultry industry worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine whether the reproductive hormone fluctuation affect the ALV-J viremia at the early egg-laying phase in chicken. Total 8 suspected ALV-J-infected Chinese yellow chickens in the early egg-laying phase were collected from 2 different farms, and further confirmed by PCR and immunofluorescence assay. Plasma samples were collected from experimental chickens for 5 to 10 consecutive weeks at a settled time in each week. ALV-J viremia and reproductive hormone levels were monitored by ELISA or radioimmunoassay. The results showed that fluctuations in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and progesterone might have an impact on the disappearance of ALV-J viremia in chickens with intermittent viremia, but not in chickens with persistent viremia. These results suggest that reproductive hormone changes during the early egg-laying phase will affect the detection of positive ALV-J-infected chickens in the ALV-J eradication procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Current scenario of viral diseases in Turkish poultry industry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933919000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Dai M, Feng M, Xie T, Zhang X. Long non-coding RNA and MicroRNA profiling provides comprehensive insight into non-coding RNA involved host immune responses in ALV-J-infected chicken primary macrophage. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 100:103414. [PMID: 31200006 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection can cause tumors and immunosuppression in infected chickens. Macrophages play a crucial role in host defense against invading pathogens. In the present study, whole transcriptome analysis was performed to analyze the host factors including genes, microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and their regulatory network in chicken primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). In total, 128 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 15 DE miRNAs were identified in MDMs at 3 h post infection (hpi), and 30 DE lncRNAs and 8 DE miRNAs were identified in MDMs at 36 hpi during ALV-J infection. We further constructed the DE lncRNAs-mRNAs, miRNA-mRNAs and lncRNAs-miRNA-mRNAs interaction networks. The results suggested that DE lncRNAs and miRNAs are involved in the regulation of CCND3 and SOCS5 in Jak-STAT signaling pathway via ceRNA network in ALV-J-infected MDMs at 3 hpi. In addition, lncRNAs including XLOC_672329, ALDBGALG0000001429, XLOC_016500 and ALDBGALG0000000253 cis-regulating CH25H, CISH, IL-1β and CD80 respectively in MDMs at 3 hpi participated in host antiviral responses. Our findings give a comprehensive view of the connection between non-coding RNA and ALV-J in chicken primary macrophages, and provide an excellent resource for further studies of epigenetic effects on ALV-J disease resistance breeding as well as immune system and genomic researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tingting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Feng M, Zhang N, Xie T, Ren F, Cao Z, Zeng X, Swevers L, Zhang X, Sun J. Chichen type III interferon produced by silkworm bioreactor induces ISG expression and restricts ALV-J infection in vitro. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8473-8483. [PMID: 31468087 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Type III interferon (IFN-λ) has recently been shown to exert a significant antiviral impact against viruses in vertebrates. Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which causes tumor disease and immunosuppression in infected chicken, is a retrovirus that is difficult to prevent and control because of a lack of vaccines and drugs. Here, we obtained chicken IFN-λ (chIFN-λ) using a silkworm bioreactor and demonstrated that chIFN-λ has antiviral activity against ALV-J infection of both chicken embryo fibroblast cell line (DF1) and epithelial cell line (LMH). We found that chIFN-λ triggered higher levels of particular type III interferon-stimulated genes (type III ISGs) including myxovirus resistance protein (Mx), viperin (RSAD2), and interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) in DF1 and LMH cells. Furthermore, over-expression of Mx, viperin, and IFITM3 could inhibit ALV-J infection in DF1 and LMH cells. Therefore, these results suggested that the anti-ALV-J function of chIFN-λ was specifically implemented by induction of expression of type III ISGs. Our data identified chIFN-λ as a critical antiviral agent of ALV-J infection and provides a potentially and attractive platform for the production of commercial chIFN-λ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Nan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenming Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Feng M, Xie T, Li Y, Zhang N, Lu Q, Zhou Y, Shi M, Sun J, Zhang X. A balanced game: chicken macrophage response to ALV-J infection. Vet Res 2019; 50:20. [PMID: 30841905 PMCID: PMC6404279 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection can cause tumors and immunosuppression in infected chickens. Macrophages play a central role in host defense against invading pathogens. In this study, we discovered an interesting phenomenon: ALV-J replication is weakened from 3 hours post-infection (hpi) to 36 hpi, which was verified using Western blotting and RT-PCR. To further investigate the interaction between ALV-J and macrophages, transcriptome analysis was performed to analyze the host genes’ function in chicken primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Compared to the uninfected control, 624 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEG) and 341 down-regulated DEG at 3 hpi, and 174 up-regulated DEG and 87 down-regulated DEG at 36 hpi were identified in chicken MDM, respectively. ALV-J infection induced strong innate immune responses in chicken MDM at 3 hpi, instead of 36 hpi, according to the analysis results of Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway. Importantly, the host factors, such as up-regulated MIP-3α, IL-1β, iNOS, K60, IRG1, CH25H, NFKBIZ, lysozyme and OASL were involved in the host defense response during the course of ALV-J infection. On the contrary, up-regulated EX-FABP, IL4I1, COX-2, NFKBIA, TNFAIP3 and the Jak STAT pathway inhibitors including CISH, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are beneficial to ALV-J survival in chicken macrophages. We speculated that ALV-J tropism for macrophages helps to establish a latent infection in chicken MDM from 6 to 36 hpi. The present study provides a comprehensive view of the interactions between macrophages and ALV-J. It suggests the mechanisms of defense of chicken macrophages against ALV-J invasion and how ALV-J escape the host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyuan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaohong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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He S, Zheng G, Zhou D, Li G, Zhu M, Du X, Zhou J, Cheng Z. Clonal anergy of CD117 +chB6 + B cell progenitors induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup J is associated with immunological tolerance. Retrovirology 2019; 16:1. [PMID: 30602379 PMCID: PMC6317241 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of immunological tolerance caused by avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an oncogenic retrovirus, is largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, the development, differentiation, and immunological capability of B cells and their progenitors infected with ALV-J were studied both morphologically and functionally by using a model of ALV-J congenital infection. Compared with posthatch infection, congenital infection of ALV-J resulted in severe immunological tolerance, which was identified as the absence of detectable specific antivirus antibodies. In congenitally infected chickens, immune organs, particularly the bursa of Fabricius, were poorly developed. Moreover, IgM-and IgG-positive cells and total immunoglobulin levels were significantly decreased in these chickens. Large numbers of bursa follicles with no differentiation into cortex and medulla indicated that B cell development was arrested at the early stage. Flow cytometry analysis further confirmed that ALV-J blocked the differentiation of CD117+chB6+ B cell progenitors in the bursa of Fabricius. Furthermore, both the humoral immunity and the immunological capability of B cells and their progenitors were significantly suppressed, as assessed by (a) the antibody titres against sheep red blood cells and the Marek's disease virus attenuated serotype 1 vaccine; (b) the proliferative response of B cells against thymus-independent antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the spleen germinal centres; and (c) the capacities for proliferation, differentiation and immunoglobulin gene class-switch recombination of B cell progenitors in response to LPS and interleukin-4(IL-4) in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that the anergy of B cells in congenitally infected chickens is caused by the developmental arrest and dysfunction of B cell progenitors, which is an important factor for the immunological tolerance induced by ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- College of Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Gaoying Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Mingjun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Xusheng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
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Lin W, Xu Z, Yan Y, Zhang H, Li H, Chen W, Chen F, Xie Q. Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J Attenuates Type I Interferon Production Through Blocking IκB Phosphorylation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1089. [PMID: 29887850 PMCID: PMC5980975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an oncogenic retrovirus that causes immunosuppression and enhances susceptibility to secondary infection, resulting in great economic losses. Although ALV-J-induced immunosuppression has been well established, the underlying molecular mechanism for such induction is still unclear. Here, we report that the inhibitory effect of ALV-J infection on type I interferon expression is associated with the down-regulation of transcriptional regulator NF-κB in host cells. We found that ALV-J possess the inhibitory effect on type I interferon production in HD11 cells and that ALV-J causes the up-regulation of IκBα and down-regulation of NF-κB p65, and that ALV-J blocks the phosphorylation of IκBα on Ser32/36 amino acid residues. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Hongxin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, China
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Lee HJ, Lee KY, Jung KM, Park KJ, Lee KO, Suh JY, Yao Y, Nair V, Han JY. Precise gene editing of chicken Na+/H+ exchange type 1 (chNHE1) confers resistance to avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:340-349. [PMID: 28899753 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), first isolated in the late 1980s, has caused economic losses to the poultry industry in many countries. As all chicken lines studied to date are susceptible to ALV infection, there is enormous interest in developing resistant chicken lines. The ALV-J receptor, chicken Na+/H+ exchange 1 (chNHE1) and the critical amino acid sequences involved in viral attachment and entry have already been characterized. However, there are no reported attempts to induce resistance to the virus by targeted genome modification of the receptor sequences. In an attempt to induce resistance to ALV-J infection, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (CRISPR/Cas9)-based genome editing approaches to modify critical residues of the chNHE1 receptor in chicken cells. The susceptibility of the modified cell lines to ALV-J infection was examined using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing marker viruses. We showed that modifying the chNHE1 receptor by artificially generating a premature stop codon induced absolute resistance to viral infection, with mutations of the tryptophan residue at position 38 (Trp38) being very critical. Single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN)-mediated targeted recombination of the Trp38 region revealed that deletions involving the Trp38 residue were most effective in conferring resistance to ALV-J. Moreover, protein structure analysis of the chNHE1 receptor sequence suggested that its intrinsically disordered region undergoes local conformational changes through genetic alteration. Collectively, these results demonstrate that targeted mutations on chNHE1 alter the susceptibility to ALV-J and the technique is expected to contribute to develop disease-resistant chicken lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Je Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Ko On Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Jeong-Yong Suh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
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40
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Zeghdoudi M, Aoun L, Merdaci L, Bouzidi N. Epidemiological features and pathological study of avian leukosis in turkeys' flocks. Vet World 2017; 10:1135-1138. [PMID: 29062205 PMCID: PMC5639114 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1135-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was focused on the identification of tumor diseases in turkeys on the basis of a detailed description of epidemiological features, clinical signs, lesions, and histopathological changes. Materials and Methods: Outbreak of a tumor disease in turkeys was investigated in various regions of Eastern Algeria. Four turkeys’ flocks aged from 17 weeks were affected, resulting to mortality often over 10%, on a period of 15 days. The main epidemiological characters, clinical signs, and lesions were observed throughout all the course of the disease. Serum samples were collected from affected turkeys in each flock to detect p27 antigen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test to diagnose avian leukosis virus (ALV). Portions of sciatic nerves and livers are taken from dead turkeys for microscopic examination. Results: The disease was characterized by clinical signs such as anorexia, weakness, and diarrhea. Necropsy of the dead birds showed hepatomegaly and gross splenomegaly with neoplastic nodules or gray foci and diffuse infiltration in the myocardium and lungs. ALV antigen test using ELISA confirmed the presence of virus leukosis. Histopathological sections of the liver had proliferations of lymphoblastoid cells and absence of any modifications or lymphocytic infiltration in peripheral nerves. Conclusion: The present study confirms that this disease condition is caused by lymphoid leukosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Zeghdoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Chadli Bendjedid University, El Tarf-36000, Algeria
| | - Leila Aoun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Chadli Bendjedid University, El Tarf-36000, Algeria
| | - Latifa Merdaci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Chadli Bendjedid University, El Tarf-36000, Algeria
| | - Nardjes Bouzidi
- Department of Biology, Chadli Bendjedid University, El Tarf-36000, Algeria
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