1
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Zheng X, Yang R, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yuan G, Li W, Xiao Z, Dong X, Ma M, Guo Y, Wang W, Zhao X, Yang H, Qiu S, Peng Z, Liu A, Yu S, Zhang Y. Alum/CpG adjuvant promotes immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron vaccine through enhanced humoral and cellular immunity. Virology 2024; 594:110050. [PMID: 38479071 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which was classified as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization on 26 November 2021, has attracted worldwide attention for its high transmissibility and immune evasion ability. The existing COVID-19 vaccine has been shown to be less effective in preventing Omicron variant infection and symptomatic infection, which brings new challenges to vaccine development and application. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of an Omicron variant COVID-19 inactivated vaccine containing aluminum and CpG adjuvants in a variety of animal models. The results showed that the vaccine candidate could induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant virus and binding antibodies, and significantly promoted cellular immune response. Meanwhile, the vaccine candidate was safe. Therefore, it provided more foundation for the development of aluminum and CpG as a combination adjuvant in human vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Yadan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Guangying Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Ma
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Yancen Guo
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoting Qiu
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Ankang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Shouzhi Yu
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China; China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China.
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2
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Jia Z, Liu R, Chang Q, Zhou X, De X, Yang Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Wang F, Ge J. Proof of concept in utilizing the peptidoglycan skeleton of pathogenic bacteria as antigen delivery platform for enhanced immune response. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130591. [PMID: 38437938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines are becoming increasingly important because of their safety and effectiveness. However, subunit vaccines often exhibit limited immunogenicity, necessitating the use of suitable adjuvants to elicit robust immune responses. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that pathogenic bacteria can be prepared into a purified peptidoglycan skeleton without nucleic acids and proteins, presenting bacterium-like particles (pBLP). Our results showed that the peptidoglycan skeletons screened from four pathogens could activate Toll-like receptor1/2 receptors better than bacterium-like particles from Lactococcus lactis in macrophages. We observed that pBLP was safe in mouse models of multiple ages. Furthermore, pBLP improved the performance of two commercial vaccines in vivo. We confirmed that pBLP successfully loaded antigens onto the surface and proved to be an effective antigen delivery platform with enhanced antibody titers, antibody avidity, balanced subclass distribution, and mucosal immunity. These results indicate that the peptidoglycan skeleton of pathogenic bacteria represents a new strategy for developing subunit vaccine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Runhang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Qingru Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Xinyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Xinqi De
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Yifan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Chuankun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Harbin 150036, China.
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3
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Ou BS, Baillet J, Picece VCT, Gale EC, Powell AE, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Nejatfard A, Lopez Hernandez H, Appel EA. Nanoparticle-Conjugated Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonists Improve the Potency, Durability, and Breadth of COVID-19 Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3214-3233. [PMID: 38215338 PMCID: PMC10832347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Development of effective vaccines for infectious diseases has been one of the most successful global health interventions in history. Though, while ideal subunit vaccines strongly rely on antigen and adjuvant(s) selection, the mode and time scale of exposure to the immune system has often been overlooked. Unfortunately, poor control over the delivery of many adjuvants, which play a key role in enhancing the quality and potency of immune responses, can limit their efficacy and cause off-target toxicities. There is a critical need for improved adjuvant delivery technologies to enhance their efficacy and boost vaccine performance. Nanoparticles have been shown to be ideal carriers for improving antigen delivery due to their shape and size, which mimic viral structures but have been generally less explored for adjuvant delivery. Here, we describe the design of self-assembled poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles decorated with CpG, a potent TLR9 agonist, to increase adjuvanticity in COVID-19 vaccines. By controlling the surface density of CpG, we show that intermediate valency is a key factor for TLR9 activation of immune cells. When delivered with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, CpG nanoparticle (CpG-NP) adjuvant greatly improves the magnitude and duration of antibody responses when compared to soluble CpG, and results in overall greater breadth of immunity against variants of concern. Moreover, encapsulation of CpG-NP into injectable polymeric-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels enhances the spatiotemporal control over codelivery of CpG-NP adjuvant and spike protein antigen such that a single immunization of hydrogel-based vaccines generates humoral responses comparable to those of a typical prime-boost regimen of soluble vaccines. These delivery technologies can potentially reduce the costs and burden of clinical vaccination, both of which are key elements in fighting a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben S. Ou
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julie Baillet
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vittoria C. T.
M. Picece
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Abigail E. Powell
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Olivia M. Saouaf
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anahita Nejatfard
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics - Endocrinology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Woods
Institute for the Environment, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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4
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Zhang T, Magazine N, McGee MC, Carossino M, Veggiani G, Kousoulas KG, August A, Huang W. Th2 and Th17-associated immunopathology following SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in Spike-vaccinated ACE2-humanized mice. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29408. [PMID: 38258331 PMCID: PMC10832989 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in protecting against COVID-19; however, concerns regarding vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory diseases (VAERD) following breakthrough infections have emerged. Spike protein subunit vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 induce VAERD in hamsters, where aluminum adjuvants promote a Th2-biased immune response, leading to increased type 2 pulmonary inflammation in animals with breakthrough infections. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential risks and the underlying mechanisms of VAERD, we immunized ACE2-humanized mice with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein adjuvanted with aluminum and CpG-ODN. Subsequently, we exposed them to increasing doses of SARS-CoV-2 to establish a breakthrough infection. The vaccine elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses, reduced viral titers, and enhanced host survival. However, following a breakthrough infection, vaccinated animals exhibited severe pulmonary immunopathology, characterized by a significant perivascular infiltration of eosinophils and CD4+ T cells, along with increased expression of Th2/Th17 cytokines. Intracellular flow cytometric analysis revealed a systemic Th17 inflammatory response, particularly pronounced in the lungs. Our data demonstrate that aluminum/CpG adjuvants induce strong antibody and Th1-associated immunity against COVID-19 but also prime a robust Th2/Th17 inflammatory response, which may contribute to the rapid onset of T cell-mediated pulmonary immunopathology following a breakthrough infection. These findings underscore the necessity for further research to unravel the complexities of VAERD in COVID-19 and to enhance vaccine formulations for broad protection and maximum safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Nicholas Magazine
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Michael C. McGee
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Gianluca Veggiani
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Kousoulas
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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5
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Russo M, Mendes-Corrêa MC, Lins BB, Kersten V, Pernambuco Filho PCA, Martins TR, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Vilas Boas LS, Gomes BM, Dati LMM, Duarte-Neto AN, Reigado GR, Frederico ABT, de Brito e Cunha DRDA, de Paula AV, da Silva JIG, Vasconcelos CFM, Chambergo FS, Nunes VA, Ano Bom APD, Castilho LR, Martins RAP, Hirata MH, Mirotti L. Intranasal Liposomal Formulation of Spike Protein Adjuvanted with CpG Protects and Boosts Heterologous Immunity of hACE2 Transgenic Mice to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1732. [PMID: 38006064 PMCID: PMC10675295 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal vaccination appears to be suitable to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we tested an intranasal mucosal vaccine candidate for COVID-19 that consisted of a cationic liposome containing a trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and CpG-ODNs, a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, as an adjuvant. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated the absence of toxicity following the intranasal administration of this vaccine formulation. First, we found that subcutaneous or intranasal vaccination protected hACE-2 transgenic mice from infection with the wild-type (Wuhan) SARS-CoV-2 strain, as shown by weight loss and mortality indicators. However, when compared with subcutaneous administration, the intranasal route was more effective in the pulmonary clearance of the virus and induced higher neutralizing antibodies and anti-S IgA titers. In addition, the intranasal vaccination afforded protection against gamma, delta, and omicron virus variants of concern. Furthermore, the intranasal vaccine formulation was superior to intramuscular vaccination with a recombinant, replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vector encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (Oxford/AstraZeneca) in terms of virus lung clearance and production of neutralizing antibodies in serum and bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL). Finally, the intranasal liposomal formulation boosted heterologous immunity induced by previous intramuscular vaccination with the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine, which was more robust than homologous immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momtchilo Russo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.C.M.-C.); (T.R.M.)
| | - Bruna B. Lins
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Victor Kersten
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. A. Pernambuco Filho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Toni Ricardo Martins
- Laboratório de Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.C.M.-C.); (T.R.M.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Tânia Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratório de Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.C.M.-C.); (T.R.M.)
| | - Lucy Santos Vilas Boas
- Laboratório de Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.C.M.-C.); (T.R.M.)
| | - Brisa Moreira Gomes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Livia Mendonça Munhoz Dati
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas e Toxicologicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FCF-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil (M.H.H.)
| | - Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Roncoli Reigado
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil (F.S.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Ana Beatriz T. Frederico
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Immunobiological Technology (Bio-Manguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Danielle R. de A. de Brito e Cunha
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Immunobiological Technology (Bio-Manguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Laboratório de Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FM-USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.C.M.-C.); (T.R.M.)
| | - José Igor G. da Silva
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil (R.A.P.M.)
| | - Carlos F. Moreira Vasconcelos
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil (R.A.P.M.)
| | - Felipe S. Chambergo
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil (F.S.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil (F.S.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Institute of Immunobiological Technology (Bio-Manguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Leda R. Castilho
- Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo A. P. Martins
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil (R.A.P.M.)
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas e Toxicologicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FCF-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil (M.H.H.)
| | - Luciana Mirotti
- Institute of Science and Technology in Biomodels (ICTB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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6
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Zhang T, Magazine N, McGee MC, Carossino M, Veggiani G, Kousoulas KG, August A, Huang W. Th2 and Th17-Associated Immunopathology Following SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection in Spike-Vaccinated ACE2-humanized Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.563016. [PMID: 37904941 PMCID: PMC10614945 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.563016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in protecting against COVID-19; however, concerns regarding vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory diseases (VAERD) following breakthrough infections have emerged. Spike protein subunit vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 induce VAERD in hamsters, where aluminum adjuvants promote a Th2-biased immune response, leading to increased type 2 pulmonary inflammation in animals with breakthrough infections. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential risks and the underlying mechanisms of VAERD, we immunized ACE2-humanized mice with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein adjuvanted with aluminum and CpG-ODN. Subsequently, we exposed them to increasing doses of SARS-CoV-2 to establish a breakthrough infection. The vaccine elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses, reduced viral titers, and enhanced host survival. However, following a breakthrough infection, vaccinated animals exhibited severe pulmonary immunopathology, characterized by a significant perivascular infiltration of eosinophils and CD4+ T cells, along with increased expression of Th2/Th17 cytokines. Intracellular flow cytometric analysis revealed a systemic Th17 inflammatory response, particularly pronounced in the lungs. Our data demonstrate that aluminum/CpG adjuvants induce strong antibody and Th1-associated immunity against COVID-19 but also prime a robust Th2/Th17 inflammatory response, which may contribute to the rapid onset of T cell-mediated pulmonary immunopathology following a breakthrough infection. These findings underscore the necessity for further research to unravel the complexities of VAERD in COVID-19 and to enhance vaccine formulations for broad protection and maximum safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Nicholas Magazine
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Michael C. McGee
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Gianluca Veggiani
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Kousoulas
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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7
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Laera D, HogenEsch H, O'Hagan DT. Aluminum Adjuvants-'Back to the Future'. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1884. [PMID: 37514070 PMCID: PMC10383759 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum-based adjuvants will continue to be a key component of currently approved and next generation vaccines, including important combination vaccines. The widespread use of aluminum adjuvants is due to their excellent safety profile, which has been established through the use of hundreds of millions of doses in humans over many years. In addition, they are inexpensive, readily available, and are well known and generally accepted by regulatory agencies. Moreover, they offer a very flexible platform, to which many vaccine components can be adsorbed, enabling the preparation of liquid formulations, which typically have a long shelf life under refrigerated conditions. Nevertheless, despite their extensive use, they are perceived as relatively 'weak' vaccine adjuvants. Hence, there have been many attempts to improve their performance, which typically involves co-delivery of immune potentiators, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. This approach has allowed for the development of improved aluminum adjuvants for inclusion in licensed vaccines against HPV, HBV, and COVID-19, with others likely to follow. This review summarizes the various aluminum salts that are used in vaccines and highlights how they are prepared. We focus on the analytical challenges that remain to allowing the creation of well-characterized formulations, particularly those involving multiple antigens. In addition, we highlight how aluminum is being used to create the next generation of improved adjuvants through the adsorption and delivery of various TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatello Laera
- Technical Research & Development, Drug Product, GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Global Manufacturing Division, Corporate Industrial Analytics, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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8
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Brzuska G, Zimna M, Baranska K, Szewczyk B, Strakova P, Ruzek D, Krol E. The Influence of Adjuvant Type on the Immunogenicity of RBD/N Cocktail Antigens as a Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0256422. [PMID: 37199661 PMCID: PMC10269882 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02564-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 virus), agent of COVID-19, appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and became a serious threat to global health and public safety. Many COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and licensed around the world. Most of the developed vaccines include S protein and induce an antibody-based immune response. Additionally, T-cell response to the SARS-CoV-2 antigens could be beneficial for combating the infection. The type of immune response is greatly dependent not only on the antigen, but also on adjuvants used in vaccine formulation. Here, we compared the effect of four different adjuvants (AddaS03, Alhydrogel/MPLA, Alhydrogel/ODN2395, Quil A) on the immunogenicity of a mixture of recombinant RBD and N SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We have analyzed the antibody and T-cell response specific to RBD and N proteins and assessed the impact of adjuvants on virus neutralization. Our results clearly indicated that Alhydrogel/MPLA and Alhydrogel/ODN2395 adjuvants elicited the higher titers of specific and cross-reactive antibodies to S protein variants from various SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 strains. Moreover, Alhydrogel/ODN2395 stimulated high cellular response to both antigens, as assessed by IFN-γ production. Importantly, sera collected from mice immunized with RBD/N cocktail in combination with these adjuvants exhibited neutralizing activity against the authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as particles pseudotyped with S protein from various virus variants. The results from our study demonstrate the immunogenic potential of RBD and N antigens and point out the importance of adjuvants selection in vaccine formulation in order to enhance the immunological response. IMPORTANCE Although several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved worldwide, continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants calls for new efficient vaccines against them, providing long-lasting immunity. As the immune response after vaccination is dependent not only on antigen used, but also on other vaccine components, e.g., adjuvants, the purpose of this work was to study the effect of different adjuvants on the immunogenicity of RBD/N SARS-CoV-2 cocktail proteins. In this work, it has been shown that immunization with both antigens plus the different adjuvants studied elicited higher Th1 and Th2 responses against RBD and N, which contributed to higher neutralization of the virus. The obtained results can be used for design of new vaccines, not only against SARS-CoV-2, but also against other important viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brzuska
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Zimna
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Baranska
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Petra Strakova
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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9
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Jiang Y, Nguyen TV, Jin J, Yu ZN, Song CH, Chai OH. Bergapten ameliorates combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome after PM2.5 exposure by balancing Treg/Th17 expression and suppressing STAT3 and MAPK activation in a mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114959. [PMID: 37267637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) causes chronic respiratory inflammation in allergic individuals. Long-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5; particles 2.5 µm or less in diameter) can aggravate respiratory damage. Bergapten (5-methoxysporalen) is a furocoumarin mostly found in bergamot essential oil and has significant antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activity. This study created a model in which CARAS was exacerbated by PM2.5 exposure, in BALB/c mice and explored the potential of bergapten as a therapeutic agent. The bergapten medication increased ovalbumin (OVA)-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G2a level in serum and decreased OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 expression. Clinical nasal symptoms diminished significantly, with weakened inflammatory reaction in both the nasal mucosa and lungs. Furthermore, bergapten controlled the T helper (Th)1 to Th2 ratio by increasing cytokines associated with Th1-like interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon gamma and decreasing the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Factors closely related to the balance between regulatory T cells and Th17 (such as IL-10, IL-17, Forkhead box protein P3, and retinoic-related orphan receptor gamma) were also regulated. Notably, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were reduced by bergapten, which suppressed the activation of both the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Therefore, bergapten might have potential as a therapeutic agent for CARAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, the Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Van Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, the Republic of Korea
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, the Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Nan Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, the Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Song
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, the Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, the Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, the Republic of Korea.
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10
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Astragalus Saponins, Astragaloside VII and Newly Synthesized Derivatives, Induce Dendritic Cell Maturation and T Cell Activation. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030495. [PMID: 36992079 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside VII (AST VII), a triterpenic saponin isolated from Astragalus species, shows promise as a vaccine adjuvant, as it supported a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response in previous in vivo studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of its adjuvant activity have not been defined. Here, we investigated the impact of AST VII and its newly synthesized semi-synthetic analogs on human whole blood cells, as well as on mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Cells were stimulated with AST VII and its derivatives in the presence or absence of LPS or PMA/ionomycin and the secretion of cytokines and the expression of activation markers were analyzed using ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. AST VII and its analogs increased the production of IL-1β in PMA/ionomycin-stimulated human whole blood cells. In LPS-treated mouse BMDCs, AST VII increased the production of IL-1β and IL-12, and the expression of MHC II, CD86, and CD80. In mixed leukocyte reaction, AST VII and derivatives increased the expression of the activation marker CD44 on mouse CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, AST VII and its derivatives strengthen pro-inflammatory responses and support dendritic cell maturation and T cell activation in vitro. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of the adjuvant activities of AST VII and its analogs, which will be instrumental to improve their utility as a vaccine adjuvant.
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11
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Bajoria S, Kaur K, Kumru OS, Van Slyke G, Doering J, Novak H, Rodriguez Aponte SA, Dalvie NC, Naranjo CA, Johnston RS, Silverman JM, Kleanthous H, Love JC, Mantis NJ, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Antigen-adjuvant interactions, stability, and immunogenicity profiles of a SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen formulated with aluminum salt and CpG adjuvants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2079346. [PMID: 35666264 PMCID: PMC9621007 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2079346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-cost, refrigerator-stable COVID-19 vaccines will facilitate global access and improve vaccine coverage in low- and middle-income countries. To this end, subunit-based approaches targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein remain attractive. Antibodies against RBD neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by blocking viral attachment to the host cell receptor, ACE2. Here, a yeast-produced recombinant RBD antigen (RBD-L452K-F490W or RBD-J) was formulated with various combinations of aluminum-salt (Alhydrogel®, AH; AdjuPhos®, AP) and CpG 1018 adjuvants. We assessed the effect of antigen-adjuvant interactions on the stability and mouse immunogenicity of various RBD-J preparations. While RBD-J was 50% adsorbed to AH and <15% to AP, addition of CpG resulted in complete AH binding, yet no improvement in AP adsorption. ACE2 competition ELISA analyses of formulated RBD-J stored at varying temperatures (4, 25, 37°C) revealed that RBD-J was destabilized by AH, an effect exacerbated by CpG. DSC studies demonstrated that aluminum-salt and CpG adjuvants decrease the conformational stability of RBD-J and suggest a direct CpG-RBD-J interaction. Although AH+CpG-adjuvanted RBD-J was the least stable in vitro, the formulation was most potent at eliciting SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies in mice. In contrast, RBD-J formulated with AP+CpG showed minimal antigen-adjuvant interactions, a better stability profile, but suboptimal immune responses. Interestingly, the loss of in vivo potency associated with heat-stressed RBD-J formulated with AH+CpG after one dose was abrogated by a booster. Our findings highlight the importance of elucidating the key interrelationships between antigen-adjuvant interactions, storage stability, and in vivo performance to enable successful formulation development of stable and efficacious subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Bajoria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kawaljit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Ozan S. Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Greta Van Slyke
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Doering
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hayley Novak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sergio A. Rodriguez Aponte
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neil C. Dalvie
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Naranjo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan S. Johnston
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - J. Christopher Love
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sangeeta B. Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - David B. Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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12
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Ramírez W, Torralba D, Bourg V, Lastre M, Perez O, Jacquet A, Labrada A. Immunogenicity of a novel anti-allergic vaccine based on house dust mite purified allergens and a combination adjuvant in a murine prophylactic model. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:1040076. [PMID: 36479436 PMCID: PMC9720566 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The outer-membrane-derived proteoliposome (PL) of Neisseria meningitidis has been reported as a potent vaccine adjuvant, inducing a Th1-skewed response. This work aimed to assess the immunogenicity of a novel anti-allergic vaccine candidate based on allergens from Dermatophagoides siboney house dust mite and a combination adjuvant containing PL and Alum. In a preventative experimental setting, BALB/c mice were administered with three doses containing 2 µg of Der s1 and 0.4 µg Der s2 allergen, PL and Alum, at 7 days intervals, by subcutaneous route. Furthermore, mice were subjected to an allergen aerosol challenge for 6 consecutive days. Serum IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a allergen-specific antibodies were assessed by ELISA. Cytokine levels in supernatants of D. siboney stimulated lymphocyte cultures and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were measured by ELISA. Lung tissues were subjected to histological examination. The vaccine prevented the development of both, systemic (IgE) and local allergic responses (featuring lower IL-4, and IL-5 levels in BAL) upon allergen exposure by the inhalant route. Histological examination showed also a diminished allergic inflammatory response in the lungs. After the allergen challenge, cytokine levels in stimulated lymphocyte cultures showed lower values of IL-13 and augmented IFN-γ and IL-10. The vaccine induced a mixed IgG2a/IgG1 antibody response; although only IgG2a was PL-dependent. Both, IgG1/IgE and IgG2a/IgE ratios, showed significantly greater values in vaccinated mice. The findings support a preventative anti-allergic effect associated with the induction of a Th1-like IFN-γ/IL-10 response. IgG1/IgE and IgG2a/IgE ratios could be useful biomarkers for translation into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Ramírez
- Department of Allergens, Allergens Lab, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados (BIOCEN), Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Damarys Torralba
- Department of Allergens, Allergens Lab, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados (BIOCEN), Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Virgilio Bourg
- Department of Allergens, Allergens Lab, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados (BIOCEN), Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Miriam Lastre
- Department of Immunology, Havana University of Medical Sciences, Havana, Cuba
| | - Oliver Perez
- Department of Immunology, Havana University of Medical Sciences, Havana, Cuba
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alexis Labrada
- Department of Allergens, Allergens Lab, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados (BIOCEN), Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
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13
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Sharma RK, Sharma J, Kumar R, Badal D, Pattekar A, Sehgal S, Gupta A, Jain P, Sachdeva N. TLR9
signaling activation via direct ligation and its functional consequences in
CD4
+T cells. Scand J Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Sharma
- Advanced Eye Centre Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Solna Sweden
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Advanced Eye Centre Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Punjab India
- Oncology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Maryland USA
| | - Darshan Badal
- Department of Endocrinology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Shobha Sehgal
- Department of Immunopathology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India
| | - Amod Gupta
- Advanced Eye Centre Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India
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14
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Zhang Y, Zheng X, Sheng W, Liang H, Zhao Y, Zhu X, Yang R, Zhang Y, Dong X, Li W, Pei F, Ding L, Chang Z, Deng L, Yuan G, Yang Z, Zhu D, Yang X, Wang H. Alum/CpG Adjuvanted Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine with Protective Efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081208. [PMID: 36016098 PMCID: PMC9413105 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged, including five variants of concern (VOC) strains listed by the WHO: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron. Extensive studies have shown that most of these VOC strains, especially the currently dominant variant Omicron, can escape the host immune response induced by existing COVID-19 vaccines to different extents, which poses considerable risk to the health of human beings around the world. In the present study, we developed a vaccine based on inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and an adjuvant consisting of aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG. The immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine were investigated in rats. The candidate vaccine elicited high titers of SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody in immunized rats, which not only neutralize the original SARS-CoV-2, but also showed great cross-neutralization activity against the Beta, Delta and Omicron variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Wang Sheng
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100021, China;
| | - Hongyang Liang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yuxiu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiujuan Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Rong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yadan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Weidong Li
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Fei Pei
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Ling Ding
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zhen Chang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Guangying Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zhaona Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Di Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing 100024, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (W.L.); (F.P.); (L.D.); (Z.C.); (L.D.); (G.Y.); (Z.Y.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.W.)
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15
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Receptor-binding domain recombinant protein on alum-CpG induces broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Vaccine 2022; 40:3655-3663. [PMID: 35568591 PMCID: PMC9080055 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We conducted preclinical studies in mice using a yeast-produced SARS-CoV-2 RBD subunit vaccine candidate formulated with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG deoxynucleotides. This formulation is equivalent to the CorbevaxTM vaccine that recently received emergency use authorization by the Drugs Controller General ofIndia. We compared the immune response of mice vaccinated with RBD/alum to mice vaccinated with RBD/alum + CpG. We also evaluated mice immunized with RBD/alum + CpG and boosted with RBD/alum. Mice were immunized twice intramuscularly at a 21-day interval. Compared to two doses of the /alum formulation, the RBD/alum + CpG vaccine induced a stronger and more balanced Th1/Th2 cellular immune response, with high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the original Wuhan isolate of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617.2 and (Delta) variants. Neutralizing antibody titers against the B.1.1.529 (BA.1, Omicron) variant exceeded those in human convalescent plasma after Wuhan infection but were lower than against the other variants. Interestingly, the second dose did not benefit from the addition of CpG, possibly allowing dose-sparing of the adjuvant in the future. The data reported here reinforces that the RBD/alum + CpG vaccine formulation is suitable for inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, including variants of concern.
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16
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Wang L, Ma Y, Shi J, Zhang Y, Tong J, Han Q. Corynebacterium pyruviciproducens-peptidoglycan: A novel bacterial peptidoglycan inhibiting overexpression of MyD88 in macrophages. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221095378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) is an essential ligand of TLR2 inducing inflammatory damage by boosting MyD88 overexpression in pathogen invasion, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. CP-PGN is a novel PGN from an adjuvant bacterium, displaying anti-infection immune regulation. This study aimed to clarify the unique moderation of MyD88 expression by CP-PGN. Methods: Compared with other ligands of TLR2, high expression of MyD88 in macrophages was established by MRSA and virus to investigate the immunomodulation of CP-PGN. Results: Compared with PGN derived from MRSA (M-PGN) and chemosynthetic Pam3CSK4 of model agonists of TLR2, CP-PGN could inhibit overexpression of MyD88 in a time- and dose-dependent way in infected macrophages by MRSA or Abelson leukemia virus. CP-PGN also promoted more anti-inflammatory IL-10 and less pro-inflammatory TNF-α in immature primary macrophages. Furthermore, IL-10 secretion induced by CP-PGN was reduced most significantly by blocking the dimer formation of MyD88 with ST2825 and lowering down expression by si-MyD88. Conclusion: CP-PGN could inhibit MyD88 overexpression by infection to moderate inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, CP-PGN is a novel potential ligand of TLR2 to induce inflammatory balance in the process of host defense against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfang Shi
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Tong
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingzhen Han
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Görander S, Honda-Okubo Y, Bäckström M, Baldwin J, Bergström T, Petrovsky N, Liljeqvist JÅ. A truncated glycoprotein G vaccine formulated with Advax-CpG adjuvant provides protection of mice against genital herpes simplex virus 2 infection. Vaccine 2021; 39:5866-5875. [PMID: 34456075 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common sexually transmitted disease that affects approximately 500 million individuals globally. There is currently no approved vaccine to prevent HSV-2 infection. EXCT4 is a truncated form of the mature glycoprotein G-2 (mgG-2) that unlike full mature form is secreted by expressing cells enabling it to be rapidly scaled up for production. The current study examined whether EXCT4 immunity in mice could be further enhanced through use of adjuvants. EXCT4 formulated with Advax-CpG adjuvant induced a strong Th1-type immune response characterized by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and protected animals against a lethal genital challenge with HSV-2. This response was associated with reduced viral load in vaginal washes, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia. Together the results provide proof of concept that EXCT4 formulated with Advax-CpG adjuvant is a promising HSV-2 vaccine candidate warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Görander
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, 11 Walkley Avenue, Adelaide 5046, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Malin Bäckström
- Mammalian Protein Expression Core Facility, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Baldwin
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, 11 Walkley Avenue, Adelaide 5046, Australia
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, 11 Walkley Avenue, Adelaide 5046, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
| | - Jan-Åke Liljeqvist
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Receptor-binding domain recombinant protein RBD219-N1C1 on alum-CpG induces broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34268512 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.06.451353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We conducted preclinical studies in mice using a yeast-produced SARS-CoV-2 RBD219-N1C1 subunit vaccine candidate formulated with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG deoxynucleotides. This vaccine formulation is similar to one that entered advanced phase 3 clinical development in India. We compared the immune response of mice vaccinated with RBD219-N1C1/alum to mice vaccinated with RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG. We also evaluated mice immunized with RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG and boosted with RBD219-N1C1/alum. Mice were immunized twice intramuscularly at a 21-day interval. Compared to two doses of the RBD219-N1C1/alum formulation, the RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG vaccine induced a stronger and more balanced Th1/Th2 cellular immune response, with high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the original Wuhan isolate of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.1 (Kappa) variants. Notably, the sera from mice that received two 7 µg doses of RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG showed more than 18 times higher neutralizing antibody titers against B.1.351, than the WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin NIBSC 20/136. Interestingly, a booster dose did not require the addition of CpG to induce this effect. The data reported here reinforces that the RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG vaccine formulation is suitable for inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 including three variants of concern, B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), and B.1.617.1 (Kappa).
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CpG-ODN Signaling via Dendritic Cells-Expressing MyD88, but Not IL-10, Inhibits Allergic Sensitization. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070743. [PMID: 34358159 PMCID: PMC8310155 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific T helper (Th)2 cells orchestrate upon allergen challenge the development of allergic eosinophilic lung inflammation. Sensitization with alum adjuvant, a type 2 adjuvant, has been used extensively in animal models of allergic lung disease. In contrast, type 1 adjuvants like CpG-ODN, a synthetic toll-like receptor 9 agonist, inhibit the development of Th2 immunity. CpG-ODN induce type 1 and suppressive cytokines that influence Th2 cell differentiation. Here, we investigated the immune modulatory effect of CpG-ODN on allergic sensitization to OVA with alum focusing on dendritic cells (DCs) expressing the MyD88 molecule and the suppressive IL-10 cytokine. Using mice with specific cell deletion of MyD88 molecule, we showed that CpG-ODN suppressed allergic sensitization and consequent lung allergic inflammation signaling through the MyD88 pathway on dendritic cells, but not on B-cells. This inhibition was associated with an increased production of IL-10 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Sensitization to OVA with CpG-ODN of IL-10-deficient, but not wild-type mice, induced a shift towards Th1 pattern of inflammation. Employing bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) pulsed with OVA for sensitizations with or without CpG-ODN, we showed that IL-10 is dispensable for the inhibition of allergic lung Th2 responses by CpG-ODN. Moreover, the lack of IL-10 on DCs was not sufficient for the CpG-ODN-induced immune-deviation towards a Th1 pattern. Accordingly, we confirmed directly the role of MyD88 pathway on DCs in the inhibition of allergic sensitization.
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Leonard C, Montamat G, Davril C, Domingues O, Hunewald O, Revets D, Guerin C, Blank S, Heckendorn J, Jardon G, Hentges F, Ollert M. Comprehensive mapping of immune tolerance yields a regulatory TNF receptor 2 signature in a murine model of successful Fel d 1-specific immunotherapy using high-dose CpG adjuvant. Allergy 2021; 76:2153-2165. [PMID: 33345329 PMCID: PMC8359185 DOI: 10.1111/all.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of allergy to cat is expanding worldwide. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) has advantages over symptomatic pharmacotherapy and promises long‐lasting disease control in allergic patients. However, there is still a need to improve cat AIT regarding efficacy, safety, and adherence to the treatment. Here, we aim to boost immune tolerance to the major cat allergen Fel d 1 by increasing the anti‐inflammatory activity of AIT with the established immunomodulatory adjuvant CpG, but at a higher dose than previously used in AIT. Methods Together with CpG, we used endotoxin‐free Fel d 1 as therapeutic allergen throughout the study in a BALB/c model of allergy to Fel d 1, thus mimicking the conditions of human AIT trials. Multidimensional immune phenotyping including mass cytometry (CyTOF) was applied to analyze AIT‐specific immune signatures. Results We show that AIT with high‐dose CpG in combination with endotoxin‐free Fel d 1 reverts all major hallmarks of allergy. High‐dimensional CyTOF analysis of the immune cell signatures initiating and sustaining the AIT effect indicates the simultaneous engagement of both, the pDC‐Treg and B‐cell axis, with the emergence of a systemic GATA3+ FoxP3hi biTreg population. The regulatory immune signature also suggests the involvement of the anti‐inflammatory TNF/TNFR2 signaling cascade in NK and B cells at an early stage and in Tregs later during AIT. Conclusion Our results highlight the potential of CpG adjuvant in a novel formulation to be further exploited for inducing allergen‐specific tolerance in patients with cat allergy or other allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Leonard
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Guillem Montamat
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
- Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Caroline Davril
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Olivia Domingues
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Oliver Hunewald
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Dominique Revets
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
- Quantitative Biology Unit National Cytometry Platform Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Coralie Guerin
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
- Quantitative Biology Unit National Cytometry Platform Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Justine Heckendorn
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Gauthier Jardon
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - François Hentges
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
- National Unit of Immunology‐Allergology Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis Odense University Hospital University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
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21
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Yuan CS, Deng ZW, Qin D, Mu YZ, Chen XG, Liu Y. Hypoxia-modulatory nanomaterials to relieve tumor hypoxic microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy: Where do we stand? Acta Biomater 2021; 125:1-28. [PMID: 33639310 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past several years have witnessed the blooming of emerging immunotherapy, as well as their therapeutic potential in remodeling the immune system. Nevertheless, with the development of biological mechanisms in oncology, it has been demonstrated that hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) seriously impairs the therapeutic outcomes of immunotherapy. Hypoxia, caused by Warburg effect and insufficient oxygen delivery, has been considered as a primary construction element of TME and drawn tremendous attention in cancer therapy. Multiple hypoxia-modulatory theranostic agents have been facing many obstacles and challenges while offering initial therapeutic effect. Inspired by versatile nanomaterials, great efforts have been devoted to design hypoxia-based nanoplatforms to preserve drug activity, reduce systemic toxicity, provide adequate oxygenation, and eventually ameliorate hypoxic-tumor management. Besides these, recently, some curative and innovative hypoxia-related nanoplatforms have been applied in synergistic immunotherapy, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), immunomodulatory therapeutics, cancer vaccine therapy and immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect. Herein, the paramount impact of hypoxia on tumor immune escape was initially described and discussed, followed by a comprehensive overview on the design tactics of multimodal nanoplatforms based on hypoxia-enabled theranostic agents. A variety of nanocarriers for relieving tumor hypoxic microenvironment were also summarized. On this basis, we presented the latest progress in the use of hypoxia-modulatory nanomaterials for synergistic immunotherapy and highlighted current challenges and plausible promises in this area in the near future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer immunotherapy, emerging as a novel treatment to eradicate malignant tumors, has achieved a measure of success in clinical popularity and transition. However, over the last decades, hypoxia-induced tumor immune escape has attracted enormous attention in cancer treatment. Limitations of free targeting agents have paved the path for the development of multiple nanomaterials with the hope of boosting immunotherapy. In this review, the innovative design tactics and multifunctional nanocarriers for hypoxia alleviation are summarized, and the smart nanomaterial-assisted hypoxia-modulatory therapeutics for synergistic immunotherapy and versatile biomedical applications are especially highlighted. In addition, the challenges and prospects of clinical transformation are further discussed.
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22
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Montamat G, Leonard C, Poli A, Klimek L, Ollert M. CpG Adjuvant in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Finding the Sweet Spot for the Induction of Immune Tolerance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:590054. [PMID: 33708195 PMCID: PMC7940844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.590054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence and incidence of IgE-mediated allergic diseases have increased over the past years in developed and developing countries. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only curative treatment available for allergic diseases that has long-term efficacy. Although AIT has been proven successful as an immunomodulatory therapy since its beginnings, it still faces several unmet needs and challenges today. For instance, some patients can experience severe side effects, others are non-responders, and prolonged treatment schedules can lead to lack of patient adherence and therapy discontinuation. A common strategy to improve AIT relies on the use of adjuvants and immune modulators to boost its effects and improve its safety. Among the adjuvants tested for their clinical efficacy, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) was investigated with limited success and without reaching phase III trials for clinical allergy treatment. However, recently discovered immune tolerance-promoting properties of CpG-ODN place this adjuvant again in a prominent position as an immune modulator for the treatment of allergic diseases. Indeed, it has been shown that the CpG-ODN dose and concentration are crucial in promoting immune regulation through the recruitment of pDCs. While low doses induce an inflammatory response, high doses of CpG-ODN trigger a tolerogenic response that can reverse a pre-established allergic milieu. Consistently, CpG-ODN has also been found to stimulate IL-10 producing B cells, so-called B regulatory cells (Bregs). Accordingly, CpG-ODN has shown its capacity to prevent and revert allergic reactions in several animal models showing its potential as both preventive and active treatment for IgE-mediated allergy. In this review, we describe how CpG-ODN-based therapies for allergic diseases, despite having shown limited success in the past, can still be exploited further as an adjuvant or immune modulator in the context of AIT and deserves additional attention. Here, we discuss the past and current knowledge, which highlights CpG-ODN as a potential adjuvant to be reevaluated for the enhancement of AIT when used in appropriate conditions and formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Montamat
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cathy Leonard
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Centre for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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23
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Kabir MT, Uddin MS, Mathew B, Das PK, Perveen A, Ashraf GM. Emerging Promise of Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease: A New Hope for the Development of Alzheimer's Vaccine. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1214-1234. [PMID: 32321405 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200422105156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the characteristics of this devastating disorder include the progressive and disabling deficits in the cognitive functions including reasoning, attention, judgment, comprehension, memory, and language. OBJECTIVE In this article, we have focused on the recent progress that has been achieved in the development of an effective AD vaccine. SUMMARY Currently, available treatment options of AD are limited to deliver short-term symptomatic relief only. A number of strategies targeting amyloid-beta (Aβ) have been developed in order to treat or prevent AD. In order to exert an effective immune response, an AD vaccine should contain adjuvants that can induce an effective anti-inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) immune response. AD vaccines should also possess the immunogens which have the capacity to stimulate a protective immune response against various cytotoxic Aβ conformers. The induction of an effective vaccine's immune response would necessitate the parallel delivery of immunogen to dendritic cells (DCs) and their priming to stimulate a Th2-polarized response. The aforesaid immune response is likely to mediate the generation of neutralizing antibodies against the neurotoxic Aβ oligomers (AβOs) and also anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus preventing the AD-related inflammation. CONCLUSION Since there is an age-related decline in the immune functions, therefore vaccines are more likely to prevent AD instead of providing treatment. AD vaccines might be an effective and convenient approach to avoid the treatment-related huge expense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | | | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Zhao CC, Xie QM, Xu J, Yan XB, Fan XY, Wu HM. TLR9 mediates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress in murine allergic airway inflammation. Mol Immunol 2020; 125:24-31. [PMID: 32623292 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been reported to mediate airway inflammation, however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, our objective was to reveal whether TLR9 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress in murine allergic airway inflammation and Raw264.7 cells. Female wild type(WT)and TLR9-/-mice on C57BL/6 background were used to induce allergic airway inflammation by challenge of OVA, and Raw264.7 cells with or without TLR9 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) were stimulated by S.aureus. The results demonstrated that deletion of TLR9 effectively attenuated OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation including inflammatory cells infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia. Meanwhile, OVA-induced protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1(p20) and mature IL-1β, as well as secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in wild type mice (WT) was obviously suppressed by TLR9 deficiency. Concomitantly, the expression of oxidative markers 8-OhDG and nitrotyrosine was increased in OVA-challenged WT mice, while TLR9 deficiency significantly inhibited such increase. Similarly, in the in vitro study, we found that knockdown of TLR9 markedly suppressed S.aureus-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress in Raw264.7 cells. Collectively, our findings indicated that TLR9 may mediate allergic airway inflammation via activating NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Zhao
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Qiu-Meng Xie
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Juan Xu
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Xue-Bo Yan
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yun Fan
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Hui-Mei Wu
- Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
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Convergent Evolution of Neutralizing Antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus γ-Hemolysin C That Recognize an Immunodominant Primary Sequence-Dependent B-Cell Epitope. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.00460-20. [PMID: 32546616 PMCID: PMC7298706 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00460-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection is a major public health threat in part due to the spread of antibiotic resistance and repeated failures to develop a protective vaccine. Infection is associated with production of virulence factors that include exotoxins that attack host barriers and cellular defenses, such as the leukocidin (Luk) family of bicomponent pore-forming toxins. To investigate the structural basis of antibody-mediated functional inactivation of Luk toxins, we generated a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that neutralize host cell killing by the γ-hemolysin HlgCB. Staphylococcus aureus infection is a major public health threat in part due to the spread of antibiotic resistance and repeated failures to develop a protective vaccine. Infection is associated with production of virulence factors that include exotoxins that attack host barriers and cellular defenses, such as the leukocidin (Luk) family of bicomponent pore-forming toxins. To investigate the structural basis of antibody-mediated functional inactivation of Luk toxins, we generated a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that neutralize host cell killing by the γ-hemolysin HlgCB. By biopanning these MAbs against a phage-display library of random Luk peptide fragments, we identified a small subregion within the rim domain of HlgC as the epitope for all the MAbs. Within the native holotoxin, this subregion folds into a conserved β-hairpin structure, with exposed key residues, His252 and Tyr253, required for antibody binding. On the basis of the phage-display results and molecular modeling, a 15-amino-acid synthetic peptide representing the minimal epitope on HlgC (HlgC241-255) was designed, and preincubation with this peptide blocked antibody-mediated HIgCB neutralization. Immunization of mice with HlgC241-255 or the homologous LukS246-260 subregion peptide elicited serum antibodies that specifically recognized the native holotoxin subunits. Furthermore, serum IgG from patients who were convalescent for invasive S. aureus infection showed neutralization of HlgCB toxin activity ex vivo, which recognized the immunodominant HlgC241-255 peptide and was dependent on His252 and Tyr253 residues. We have thus validated an efficient, rapid, and scalable experimental workflow for identification of immunodominant and immunogenic leukotoxin-neutralizing B-cell epitopes that can be exploited for new S. aureus-protective vaccines and immunotherapies.
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26
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Alberca-Custodio RW, Faustino LD, Gomes E, Nunes FPB, de Siqueira MK, Labrada A, Almeida RR, Câmara NOS, da Fonseca DM, Russo M. Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy With Liposome Containing CpG-ODN in Murine Model of Asthma Relies on MyD88 Signaling in Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:692. [PMID: 32391011 PMCID: PMC7191058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing the immune responses to allergens is the cornerstone of allergen immunotherapy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy that consists of repeated administration of increasing doses of allergen extract is potentially curative. The major inconveniences of allergen-specific immunotherapy include failure to modify immune responses, long-term treatment leading to non-compliance and the potential for developing life-threating anaphylaxis. Here we investigated the effect of a novel liposomal formulation carrying low dose of allergen combined with CpG-ODN, a synthetic TLR9 agonist, on established allergic lung inflammation. We found that challenge with allergen (OVA) encapsulated in cationic liposome induced significantly less severe cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. Notably, short-term treatment (three doses) with a liposomal formulation containing co-encapsulated allergen plus CpG-ODN, but not allergen or CpG-ODN alone, reversed an established allergic lung inflammation and provided long-term protection. This liposomal formulation was also effective against allergens derived from Blomia tropicalis mite extract. The attenuation of allergic inflammation was not associated with increased numbers of Foxp3-positive or IL-10-producing regulatory T cells or with increased levels of IFN-gamma in the lungs. Instead, the anti-allergic effect of the liposomal formulation was dependent of the innate immune signal transduction generated in CD11c-positive putative dendritic cells expressing MyD88 molecule. Therefore, we highlight the pivotal role of dendritic cells in mediating the attenuation of established allergic lung inflammation following immunotherapy with a liposomal formulation containing allergen plus CpG-ODN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas D. Faustino
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eliane Gomes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexis Labrada
- Department of Allergens, National Center of Bioproducts (BIOCEN), Havana, Cuba
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Almeida
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Luo Y, Fu X, Ru R, Han B, Zhang F, Yuan L, Men H, Zhang S, Tian S, Dong B, Meng M. CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Induces Apoptosis of Human Bladder Cancer Cells via Caspase-3-Bax/Bcl-2-p53 Axis. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:233-244. [PMID: 32139108 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-cancer effect of unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine (CpG)-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on human bladder cancer UM-UC-3 cells, our study was carried out. METHODS The viability of cells (UM-UC-3, T24 and SV-HUC-1) with CpG ODN treatments was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle phase were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Pre-apoptosis factors of caspase-3, p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein (Bax) and anti-apoptosis factor of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were detected by western blot. RESULTS Experimental results showed that the viability of human bladder cancer cells (UM-UC-3 and T24) with CpG ODN treatment was decreased and the viability of human normal urothelial cells (SV-HUC-1) with CpG ODN treatment was increased with time-dependance manner. Moreover, CpG ODN increased the apoptosis rate of UM-UC-3 cells and arrested more cells in G0G1 phase. Furthermore, the expression of caspase-3, p53 and Bax were increased and the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased with CpG ODN treatment on UM-UC-3 cells. CONCLUSION CpG ODN promoted the proliferation of normal urinary transitional epithelial cells (SV-HUC-1) and inhibited the cell viability of human bladder cancer cells (UM-UC-3 and T24) in vitro. CpG ODN induced the apoptosis of human bladder cancer (UM-UC-3) cells in a cascade progress via enhancing the expression of caspase-3, p53 and Bax, and inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 with significant time-dependancy. CpG ODN inhibited cell cycle distribution of human bladder cancer (UM-UC-3) cells with more cells were arrested in G0G1 phase. This study suggested that the CpG ODN is the potential candidate on human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhen Ru
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Han
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fafu Zhang
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yuan
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Men
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujuan Tian
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Meng
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kytikova OY, Perelman JM, Novgorodtseva TP, Denisenko YK, Kolosov VP, Antonyuk MV, Gvozdenko TA. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in Asthma. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:8906968. [PMID: 32395125 PMCID: PMC7201810 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8906968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of chronic inflammation in asthma determines its heterogeneity and insufficient treatment effectiveness. Nuclear transcription factors, which include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, that is, PPARs, play an important role in the regulation of initiation and resolution of the inflammatory process. The ability of PPARs to modulate not only lipid homeostasis but also the activity of the inflammatory response makes them an important pathogenetic target in asthma therapy. At present, special attention is focused on natural (polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), endocannabinoids, and eicosanoids) and synthetic (fibrates, thiazolidinediones) PPAR ligands and the study of signaling mechanisms involved in the implementation of their anti-inflammatory effects in asthma. This review summarizes current views on the structure and function of PPARs, as well as their participation in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in asthma. The potential use of PPAR ligands as therapeutic agents for treating asthma is under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Yu. Kytikova
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Juliy M. Perelman
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - Tatyana P. Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia K. Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Viktor P. Kolosov
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - Marina V. Antonyuk
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Gvozdenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
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29
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Chen S, Deng Y, He Q, Chen Y, Wang D, Sun W, He Y, Zou Z, Liang Z, Chen R, Yao L, Tao A. Toll-like Receptor 4 Deficiency Aggravates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation by Impairing Neutrophil Apoptosis in a Toluene Diisocyanate-Induced Murine Asthma Model. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:608-625. [PMID: 32400128 PMCID: PMC7225000 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.4.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence has suggested that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is critically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TLR4 in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced allergic airway inflammation. METHODS TLR4-/- and wild-type (WT) C57BL/10J mice were sensitized and challenged with TDI to generate a TDI-induced asthma model. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitors, ABT-199 (4 mg/kg) and ABT-737 (4 mg/kg), were intranasally given to TDI-exposed TLR4-/- mice after each challenge. RESULTS TDI exposure led to increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), granulocyte flux, bronchial epithelial shedding and extensive submucosal collagen deposition, which were unexpectedly aggravated by TLR4 deficiency. Following TDI challenge, TLR4-/- mice exhibited down-regulated interleukin-17A and increased colony-stimulating factor 3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while WT mice did not. In addition, TLR4 deficiency robustly suppressed the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 and NLR family CARD domain containing 4, decreased caspase-1 activity in TDI-exposed mice, but had no effect on the level of high mobility group box 1 in BALF. Flow cytometry revealed that TDI hampered both neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis, of which neutrophil apoptosis was further inhibited in TDI-exposed TLR4-/- mice, with marked up-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, inhibition of Bcl-2 with either ABT-199 or ABT-737 significantly alleviated neutrophil recruitment by promoting apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that TLR4 deficiency promoted neutrophil infiltration by impairing its apoptosis via up-regulation of Bcl-2, thereby resulting in deteriorated AHR and airway inflammation, which suggests that TLR4 could be a negative regulator of TDI-induced neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehong Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ailin Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. ,
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30
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Alberca Custodio RW, Mirotti L, Gomes E, Nunes FP, S. Vieira R, Graça L, R. Almeida R, S. Câmara NO, Russo M. Dendritic Cells Expressing MyD88 Molecule Are Necessary and Sufficient for CpG-Mediated Inhibition of IgE Production In Vivo. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101165. [PMID: 31569343 PMCID: PMC6829343 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) are associated with allergies and other immunological disorders. Sensitization with alum adjuvant favours IgE production while CpG-ODN adjuvant, a synthetic toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, inhibits it. The cellular mechanisms underlying in vivo TLR regulation of immunoglobulin production, specially IgE, are still controversial. Specifically, TLR-mediated IgE regulation in vivo is not yet known. In this study we showed that augmented levels of IgE induced by sensitizations to OVA with or without alum adjuvant or with OVA-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) were inhibited by co-administration of CpG. Notably, CpG-mediated suppression of IgE production required MyD88-expression on DCs but not on B-cells. This finding contrasts with previous in vitro studies reporting regulation of IgE by a direct action of CpG on B cells via MyD88 pathway. In addition, we showed that CpG also inhibited IgE production in a MyD88-dependent manner when sensitization was performed with OVA-pulsed DCs. Finally, CpG signalling through MyD88 pathway was also necessary and sufficient to prevent anaphylactic antibody production involved in active cutaneous anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo W. Alberca Custodio
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Luciana Mirotti
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Eliane Gomes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Fernanda P.B. Nunes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Raquel S. Vieira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Luís Graça
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Rafael R. Almeida
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Niels O. S. Câmara
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-1130-917-377
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31
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Nunes FPB, Alberca-Custódio RW, Gomes E, Fonseca DM, Yokoyama NH, Labrada A, Russo M. TLR9 agonist adsorbed to alum adjuvant prevents asthma-like responses induced by Blomia tropicalis mite extract. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:653-664. [PMID: 31329326 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma1218-475rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Blomia tropicalis mite is highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and it is associated with allergic diseases such as rhinitis and asthma. By using an OVA-model of allergic lung disease, we have previously shown that sensitization in the presence of toll like receptors (TLRs) agonists attenuates subsequent OVA-induced allergic responses. Here, we evaluated the effect of CpG-ODN, a specific synthetic TLR-9 agonist, on the development of experimental asthma induced by Blomia tropicalis extract, a relevant source of aeroallergens. Among different protocols of Blomia tropicalis extract sensitization, the subcutaneous sensitization in the presence of alum adjuvant induced the highest Th2 responses, including high IgE levels. Adsorption of CpG to Blomia tropicalis extract/Alum attenuated the airway hyperreactivity, the infiltration of inflammatory cells including eosinophils, and the IL-5 content in BAL. In addition, lung peribronchial inflammatory infiltrate, mucus production and IL-5-producing CD3+ CD4+ T cells were significantly reduced in the Blomia tropicalis extract/Alum+CpG group. Importantly, CpG inhibited total IgE production as well as active systemic or cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions. Inhibition of pulmonary Th2 responses was associated with increased IL-10 production but not with IFN-γ production. Notably, in IL-10-deficient mice, sensitization with OVA/Alum+CpG resulted in intense lung neutrophilia and IFN-γ production, indicating that IL-10 is necessary to inhibit subsequent Th1 immunity. Our work highlights the mechanisms of allergy attenuation by CpG and it indicates the potential use of Alum-based formulation with CpG to treat allergic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P B Nunes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca-Custódio
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Gomes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise M Fonseca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicole H Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexis Labrada
- Centro Nacional De Biopreparados, Department of Allergens, Havana, Cuba
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Antibody responses to crucial functional epitopes as a novel approach to assess immunogenicity of vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 2019; 37:3770-3778. [PMID: 31153687 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We are interested in developing a vaccine that prevents genital herpes. Adjuvants have a major impact on vaccine immunogenicity. We compared two adjuvants, an experimental Merck Sharp & Dohme lipid nanoparticle (LNP) adjuvant, LNP-2, with CpG oligonucleotide combined with alum for immunogenicity in mice when administered with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoproteins C, D and E (gC2, gD2, gE2). The immunogens are intended to produce neutralizing antibodies to gC2 and gD2, antibodies to gD2 and gE2 that block cell-to-cell spread, and antibodies to gE2 and gC2 that block immune evasion from antibody and complement, respectively. Overall, CpG/alum was better at producing serum and vaginal IgG binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, antibodies that block virus spread from cell-to-cell, and antibodies that block immune evasion domains on gC2. We used a novel high throughput biosensor assay to further assess differences in immunogenicity by mapping antibody responses to seven crucial epitopes on gD2 involved in virus entry or cell-to-cell spread. We found striking differences between CpG/alum and LNP-2. Mice immunized with gD2 CpG/alum produced higher titers of antibodies than LNP-2 to six of seven crucial epitopes and produced antibodies to more crucial epitopes than LNP-2. Measuring epitope-specific antibodies helped to define mechanisms by which CpG/alum outperformed LNP-2 and is a valuable technique to compare adjuvants.
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33
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Marciani DJ. Promising Results from Alzheimer's Disease Passive Immunotherapy Support the Development of a Preventive Vaccine. RESEARCH 2019; 2019:5341375. [PMID: 31549066 PMCID: PMC6750119 DOI: 10.34133/2019/5341375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The apparently near-term effects of the monoclonal antibody BAN2401 in slowing the progression of prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) has created cautious optimism about the therapeutic use of antibodies that neutralize cytotoxic soluble amyloid-β aggregates, rather than removing plaque. Plaque being protective, as it immobilizes cytotoxic amyloid-β, rather than AD's causative agent. The presence of natural antibodies against cytotoxic amyloid-β implies the existence of a protective anti-AD immunity. Hence, for vaccines to induce a similar immunoresponse that prevents and/or delays the onset of AD, they must have adjuvants that stimulate a sole anti-inflammatory Th2 immunity, plus immunogens that induce a protective immunoresponse against diverse cytotoxic amyloid-β conformers. Indeed, amyloid-β pleomorphism may explain the lack of long-term protection by monoclonal antibodies that neutralize single conformers, like aducanumab. A situation that would allow new cytotoxic conformers to escape neutralization by previously effective monoclonal antibodies. Stimulation of a vaccine's effective immunoresponse would require the concurrent delivery of immunogen to dendritic cells and their priming, to induce a polarized Th2 immunity. An immunoresponse that would produce besides neutralizing antibodies against neurotoxic amyloid-β oligomers, anti-inflammatory cytokines; preventing inflammation that aggravates AD. Because of age-linked immune decline, vaccines would be significantly more effective in preventing, rather than treating AD. Considering the amyloid-β's role in tau's pathological hyperphosphorylation and their synergism in AD, the development of preventive vaccines against both amyloid-β and tau should be considered. Due to convenience and cost, vaccines may be the only option available to many countries to forestall the impending AD epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Marciani
- Qantu Therapeutics, Inc., 612 E. Main Street, Lewisville, TX 75057, USA
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34
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Im S, Lee J, Park D, Park A, Kim YM, Kim WJ. Hypoxia-Triggered Transforming Immunomodulator for Cancer Immunotherapy via Photodynamically Enhanced Antigen Presentation of Dendritic Cell. ACS NANO 2019; 13:476-488. [PMID: 30563320 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A key factor for successful cancer immunotherapy (CIT) is the extent of antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) that phagocytize tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in the tumor site and migrate to tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLN) for the activation of T cells. Although various types of adjuvant delivery have been studied to enhance the activity of the DCs, poor delivery efficiency and depleted population of tumor infiltrating DCs have limited the efficacy of CIT. Herein, we report a hypoxia-responsive mesoporous silica nanocarrier (denoted as CAGE) for an enhanced CIT assisted by photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, CAGE was designed as a hypoxia-responsive transforming carrier to improve the intracellular uptake of nanocarriers and the delivery of adjuvants to DCs. Furthermore, PDT was exploited for the generation of immunogenic debris and recruitment of DCs in a tumor site, followed by enhanced antigen presentation. Finally, a significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed in vivo, signifying that the PDT would be a promising solution for DC-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooseok Im
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Jigok-ro 64 , Nam-gu, Pohang 37666 , Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Cheongam-ro 77 , Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsik Park
- Department of Chemistry , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Cheongam-ro 77 , Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Jigok-ro 64 , Nam-gu, Pohang 37666 , Republic of Korea
| | - You-Me Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Jigok-ro 64 , Nam-gu, Pohang 37666 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Cheongam-ro 77 , Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
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35
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Mansour AA, Banik S, Suresh RV, Kaur H, Malik M, McCormick AA, Bakshi CS. An Improved Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)-Conjugated Multiantigen Subunit Vaccine Against Respiratory Tularemia. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1195. [PMID: 29922267 PMCID: PMC5996085 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of the fatal human disease known as tularemia is classified as a Category A Select Agent by the Centers for Disease Control. No licensed vaccine is currently available for prevention of tularemia in the United States. Previously, we published that a tri-antigen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) vaccine confers 50% protection in immunized mice against respiratory tularemia caused by F. tularensis. In this study, we refined the TMV-vaccine formulation to improve the level of protection in immunized C57BL/6 mice against respiratory tularemia. We developed a tetra-antigen vaccine by conjugating OmpA, DnaK, Tul4, and SucB proteins of Francisella to TMV. CpG was also included in the vaccine formulation as an adjuvant. Primary intranasal (i.n.) immunization followed by two booster immunizations with the tetra-antigen TMV vaccine protected 100% mice against i.n. 10LD100 challenges dose of F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS). Mice receiving three immunization doses of tetra-antigen TMV vaccine showed only transient body weight loss, cleared the infection rapidly, and showed minimal histopathological lesions in lungs, liver, and spleen following a lethal respiratory challenge with F. tularensis LVS. Mice immunized with the tetra-antigen TMV vaccine also induced strong ex vivo recall responses and were protected against a lethal challenge as late as 163 days post-primary immunization. Three immunization with the tetra-antigen TMV vaccine also induced a stronger humoral immune response predominated by IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2c antibodies than mice receiving only a single or two immunizations. Remarkably, a single dose protected 40% of mice, while two doses protected 80% of mice from lethal pathogen challenge. Immunization of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-deficient mice with the tetra-antigen TMV vaccine demonstrated an absolute requirement of IFN-γ for the generation of protective immune response against a lethal respiratory challenge with F. tularensis LVS. Collectively, this study further demonstrates the feasibility of TMV as an efficient platform for the delivery of multiple F. tularensis antigens and that tetra-antigen TMV vaccine formulation provides complete protection, and induces long-lasting protective and memory immune responses against respiratory tularemia caused by F. tularensis LVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahd A Mansour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Sukalyani Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Ragavan V Suresh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Hardeep Kaur
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Meenakshi Malik
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Alison A McCormick
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Chandra S Bakshi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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36
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Zakeri A, Russo M. Dual Role of Toll-like Receptors in Human and Experimental Asthma Models. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1027. [PMID: 29867994 PMCID: PMC5963123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that is influenced by the interplay between genetic factors and exposure to environmental allergens, microbes, or microbial products where toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role. TLRs recognize a wide range of microbial or endogenous molecules as well as airborne environmental allergens and act as adjuvants that influence positively or negatively allergic sensitization. TLRs are qualitatively and differentially expressed on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stromal or structural airway cells that when activated by TLRs agonists exert an immune-modulatory role in asthma development. Therefore, understanding mechanisms and pathways by which TLRs orchestrate asthma outcomes may offer new strategies to control the disease. Here, we aim to review and critically discuss the role of TLRs in human asthma and murine models of allergic airway inflammation, highlighting the complexity of TLRs function in development, exacerbation, or control of airway allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zakeri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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