1
|
Hernández González LL, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Hernández-Huerta MT, Mayoral Andrade G, Martínez Cruz M, Ramos-Martínez E, Pérez-Campos Mayoral E, Cruz Hernández V, Antonio García I, Matias-Cervantes CA, Avendaño Villegas ME, Lastre Domínguez CM, Romero Díaz C, Ruiz-Rosado JDD, Pérez-Campos E. Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: Exploring Promising Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Preeclampsia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:605. [PMID: 38794175 PMCID: PMC11123764 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, which constitute the most abundant leukocytes in human blood, emerge as crucial players in the induction of endothelial cell death and the modulation of endothelial cell responses under both physiological and pathological conditions. The hallmark of preeclampsia is endothelial dysfunction induced by systemic inflammation, in which neutrophils, particularly through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), play a pivotal role in the development and perpetuation of endothelial dysfunction and the hypertensive state. Considering the potential of numerous pharmaceutical agents to attenuate NET formation (NETosis) in preeclampsia, a comprehensive assessment of the extensively studied candidates becomes imperative. This review aims to identify mechanisms associated with the induction and negative regulation of NETs in the context of preeclampsia. We discuss potential drugs to modulate NETosis, such as NF-κβ inhibitors, vitamin D, and aspirin, and their association with mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Strong evidence supports the notion that molecules involved in the activation of NETs could serve as promising targets for the treatment of preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Lorena Hernández González
- National Technology of Mexico/IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico; (L.L.H.G.); (M.M.C.); (C.M.L.D.); (C.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Systems and Technological Innovation, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68125, Mexico
| | - Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (G.M.A.); (E.P.-C.M.)
| | - María Teresa Hernández-Huerta
- CONAHCyT, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (M.T.H.-H.); (C.A.M.-C.)
| | - Gabriel Mayoral Andrade
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (G.M.A.); (E.P.-C.M.)
| | - Margarito Martínez Cruz
- National Technology of Mexico/IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico; (L.L.H.G.); (M.M.C.); (C.M.L.D.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Edgar Ramos-Martínez
- School of Sciences, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (G.M.A.); (E.P.-C.M.)
| | | | | | - Carlos Alberto Matias-Cervantes
- CONAHCyT, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (M.T.H.-H.); (C.A.M.-C.)
| | - Miriam Emily Avendaño Villegas
- National Technology of Mexico/IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico; (L.L.H.G.); (M.M.C.); (C.M.L.D.); (C.R.D.)
| | | | - Carlos Romero Díaz
- National Technology of Mexico/IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico; (L.L.H.G.); (M.M.C.); (C.M.L.D.); (C.R.D.)
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (L.P.-C.M.); (G.M.A.); (E.P.-C.M.)
| | - Juan de Dios Ruiz-Rosado
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Research Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos
- National Technology of Mexico/IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico; (L.L.H.G.); (M.M.C.); (C.M.L.D.); (C.R.D.)
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, “Eduardo Pérez Ortega”, Oaxaca 68000, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu Y, Wang T, Yang Y, Wang Z, Chen X, Wang L, Niu R, Sun Z, Zhang C, Luo Y, Hu Y, Gu W. Low shear stress exacerbates atherosclerosis by inducing the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps via Piezo1-mediated mechanosensation. Atherosclerosis 2024; 391:117473. [PMID: 38412763 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven inflammatory disease largely influenced by hemodynamics. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-mediated inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the relationship between low shear stress (LSS) and NET generation, as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS We induced LSS by partial ligation of the left carotid artery in high-fat diet-fed male ApoE-/- mice. To further validate the direct relationship between LSS and NET formation invitro, differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and bone marrow-derived neutrophils were suspended in fluid flow under normal or low shear stress using a parallel-plate flow chamber system. RESULTS Four weeks after surgery, ligated carotid arteries had more lipid deposition, larger plaque area, and increased NET formation than unligated arteries. Inhibition of NETosis could significantly reduce plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice. Invitro, LSS could promote NET generation directly through downregulation of Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel. Downregulation of Piezol could activate neutrophils and promote NETosis in static conditions. Conversely, Yoda1-evoked activation of Piezo1 attenuated LSS-induced NETosis. Mechanistically, downregulation of Piezo1 resulted in decreased Ca2+ influx and increased histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), which increased reactive oxygen species levels and led to NETosis. LSS-induced NET generation also promoted apoptosis and adherence of endothelial cells. CONCLUSION LSS directly promotes NETosis through the Piezo1-HDAC2 axis in atherosclerosis progression. This study uncovers the essential role of Piezo1-mediated mechanical signaling in NET generation and plaque formation, which provides a promising therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zining Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ruyan Niu
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zixin Sun
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Yijie Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Wei Gu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lim S, Khalmuratova R, Lee YY, Kim YS, Lee M, Lee NK, Kim SN, Choy YB, Park CG, Kim DW, Shin HW. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote ΔNp63+ basal cell hyperplasia in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:705-717.e11. [PMID: 38000697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are observed in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), although their role remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influence of NETs on the CRS epithelium. METHODS Forty-five sinonasal biopsy specimens were immunofluorescence-stained to identify NETs and p63+ basal stem cells. Investigators treated human nasal epithelial cells with NETs and studied them with immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. NET inhibitors were administered to a murine neutrophilic nasal polyp model. RESULTS NETs existed in tissues in patients with CRS with nasal polyps, especially in noneosinophilic nasal polyp tissues. p63+ basal cell expression had a positive correlation with the release of NETs. NETs induced the expansion of Ki-67+p63+ cells. We found that ΔNp63, an isoform of p63, was mainly expressed in the nasal epithelium and controlled by NETs. Treatment with deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I or Sivelestat (NET inhibitors) prevented the overexpression of ΔNp63+ epithelial stem cells and reduced polyp formation. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that NETs are implicated in CRS pathogenesis via basal cell hyperplasia. This study suggests a novel possibility of treating CRS by targeting NETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suha Lim
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roza Khalmuratova
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yi Sook Kim
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea
| | - Se-Na Kim
- Department of Research and Development Center, MediArk Inc, Cheongju, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baz AA, Hao H, Lan S, Li Z, Liu S, Chen S, Chu Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps in bacterial infections and evasion strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357967. [PMID: 38433838 PMCID: PMC10906519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that have a vital role in host defense systems. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are one of neutrophils' defense mechanisms against pathogens. NETs comprise an ejected lattice of chromatin associated with histones, granular proteins, and cytosolic proteins. They are thought to be an efficient strategy to capture and/or kill bacteria and received intensive research interest in the recent years. However, soon after NETs were identified, it was observed that certain bacteria were able to evade NET entrapment through many different mechanisms. Here, we outline the recent progress of NETs in bacterial infections and the strategies employed by bacteria to evade or withstand NETs. Identifying the molecules and mechanisms that modulate NET release will improve our understanding of the functions of NETs in infections and provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adel Baz
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Huafang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shimei Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zafarani A, Razizadeh MH, Haghi A. Neutrophil extracellular traps in influenza infection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23306. [PMID: 38144312 PMCID: PMC10746519 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in developing novel therapeutic approaches and vaccines, influenza is still considered a global health threat, with about half a million mortality worldwide. This disease is caused by Influenza viruses, which are known for their rapid evolution due to different genetical mechanisms that help them develop new strains with the ability to evade therapies and immunization. Neutrophils are one of the first immune effectors that act against pathogens. They use multiple mechanisms, including phagocytosis, releasing the reactive oxygen species, degranulation, and the production of neutrophil extracellular traps. Neutrophil extracellular traps are used to ensnare pathogens; however, their dysregulation is attributed to inflammatory and infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the effects of these extracellular traps in the clinical course of influenza infection and their ability to be a potential target in treating influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zafarani
- Department of Hematology & Blood Banking, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Haghi
- Young Researchers & Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Targeted delivery of an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid to Ly6C/G-positive cells abates severity of influenza A symptoms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211065119. [PMID: 36252038 PMCID: PMC9618054 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211065119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of Ly6C/G-positive cells in response to an infection of the mouse respiratory tract with influenza A virus was followed noninvasively over time by immuno-positron emission tomography. We converted nanobodies that recognize Ly6C and Ly6G, markers of neutrophils and other myeloid cells, as well as an influenza hemagglutinin-specific nanobody, into 89Zr-labeled PEGylated positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. The PET images showed strong accumulation of these imaging agents in the lungs of infected mice. Immunohistochemistry of influenza virus-infected mice and control mice, injected with a biotinylated and PEGylated version of the Ly6C/G-specific nanobody, showed the presence of abundant Ly6C/G-positive myeloid cells and positivity for Ly6C/G on bronchial epithelium in influenza virus-infected mice. This is consistent with focal inflammation in the lungs, a finding that correlated well with the immuno-PET results. No such signals were detected in control mice. Having shown by PET the accumulation of the Ly6C/G-specific nanobody in infected lungs, we synthesized conjugates of Ly6C/G-specific nanobodies with dexamethasone to enable targeted delivery of this immunosuppressive corticosteroid to sites of inflammation. Such conjugates reduced the weight loss that accompanies infection, while the equivalent amount of free dexamethasone was without effect. Nanobody-drug conjugates thus enable delivery of drugs to particular cell types at the appropriate anatomic site(s). By avoiding systemic exposure to free dexamethasone, this strategy minimizes its undesirable side effects because of the much lower effective dose of the nanobody-dexamethasone conjugate. The ability to selectively target inflammatory cells may find application in the treatment of other infections or other immune-mediated diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Masso-Silva JA, Sakoulas G, Olay J, Groysberg V, Geriak M, Nizet V, Crotty Alexander LE, Meier A. Abrogation of neutrophil inflammatory pathways and potential reduction of neutrophil-related factors in COVID-19 by intravenous immunoglobulin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:993720. [PMID: 36341409 PMCID: PMC9632428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.993720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of lung injury in COVID-19 is not completely understood, leaving gaps in understanding how current treatments modulate the course of COVID-19. Neutrophil numbers and activation state in circulation have been found to correlate with COVID-19 severity, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been found in the lung parenchyma of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19. Targeting the pro-inflammatory functions of neutrophils may diminish lung injury in COVID-19 and ARDS. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors, treated ex vivo with dexamethasone, tocilizumab and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and NET formation, oxidative burst, and phagocytosis were assessed. Plasma from critically ill COVID-19 patients before and after clinical treatment with IVIG and from healthy donors was assessed for neutrophil activation-related proteins. While dexamethasone and tocilizumab did not affect PMA- and nigericin-induced NET production ex vivo, IVIG induced a dose-dependent abrogation of NET production in both activation models. IVIG also reduced PMA-elicited reactive oxygen species production, but did not alter phagocytosis. COVID-19 patients were found to have elevated levels of cell-free DNA, neutrophil elastase and IL-8 as compared to healthy controls. Levels of both cell-free DNA and neutrophil elastase were lower 5 days after 4 days of daily treatment with IVIG. The lack of impact of dexamethasone or tocilizumab on these neutrophil functions suggests that these therapeutic agents may not act through suppression of neutrophil functions, indicating that the door might still be open for the addition of a neutrophil modulator to the COVID-19 therapeutic repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Adrian Masso-Silva
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Physiology, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - George Sakoulas
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jarod Olay
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Physiology, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Groysberg
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California (UC) San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Geriak
- Department of Research, Sharp Healthcare, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California (UC) San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California (UC) San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Laura E. Crotty Alexander
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Physiology, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Angela Meier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pérez-Guerrero P, Illanes-Álvarez F, Márquez-Ruiz D, Campaña-Gómez I, Cuesta-Sancho S, Márquez-Coello M, Girón-González JA. Implication of Neutrophils Extracellular Traps in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102638. [PMID: 36289900 PMCID: PMC9599188 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) forming extracellular traps (NETs), as well as endothelial- and platelet-derived parameters, have been analyzed in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, and their prognostic role has been evaluated. Eighty-seven consecutive patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were prospectively selected. A sample of 30 healthy individuals served as the control group. Clinical and oxygenation (oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio—SpO2/FiO2) characteristics and PMNs forming NETs, serum levels of myeloperoxidase, E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1—VCAM1—vascular endothelial growth factor, P-selectin, platelet factor 4 and plasma concentrations of D-dimer were evaluated at hospital admission, at discharge and 14 days after discharge. Intensive care unit admission or death was the primary composite endpoint. Patients showed a higher number of PMNs forming NETs than healthy controls. The absolute number of PMNs forming NETs was inversely correlated with oxygen status (SpO2/FiO2) and positively with inflammatory (C-reactive protein, ferritin) markers and VCAM1. A decrease in, but not a normalization of NETs and endothelial-derived parameters was observed in patients who survived. In conclusion, the formation of NETs runs parallel to that of other inflammatory and endothelial activation markers, and is inverse to the oxygenation parameters, supporting a pathogenic role for PMNs in this entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pérez-Guerrero
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Illanes-Álvarez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Denisse Márquez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Irene Campaña-Gómez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sara Cuesta-Sancho
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Márquez-Coello
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Girón-González
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gupta E, Kumar S, Srivastava VK, Saxena J, Siddiqui AJ, Mehta S, Kaushik S, Jyoti A. Unravelling the Differential Host Immuno-Inflammatory Responses to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Infections in Sepsis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101648. [PMID: 36298513 PMCID: PMC9610428 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports from our lab have documented dysregulated host inflammatory reactions in response to bacterial infections in sepsis. Both Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) play a significant role in the development and progression of sepsis by releasing several virulence factors. During sepsis, host cells produce a range of inflammatory responses including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nitrite generation, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release, and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. The current study was conducted to discern the differences in host inflammatory reactions in response to both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus along with the organ dysfunction parameters in patients of sepsis. We examined 60 ICU sepsis patients identified based on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA II) scores. Pathogen identification was carried out using culture-based methods and gene-specific primers by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Samples of blood from healthy volunteers were spiked with E. coli (GNB) and S. aureus (GPB). The incidence of NETs formation, iNOS expression, total nitrite content, and pro-inflammatory cytokine level was estimated. Prevalence of E. coli, A. baumannii (both GNB), S. aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis (both GPB) was found in sepsis patients. Augmented levels of inflammatory mediators including iNOS expression, total nitrite, the incidence of NETs, and proinflammatory cytokines, during spiking, were found in response to S. aureus infections in comparison with E. coli infections. These inflammatory mediators were found to be positively correlated with organ dysfunction in both GN and GP infections in sepsis patients. Augmented host inflammatory response was generated in S. aureus infections as compared with E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ena Gupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Amity Education Valley, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanni Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Amity Education Valley, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Amity Education Valley, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, S.A.S Nagar 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudhir Mehta
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, J.L.N. Marg, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanket Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Amity Education Valley, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, S.A.S Nagar 140413, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (A.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang J, Hong W, Wan M, Zheng L. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target of NETosis in diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e162. [PMID: 36000086 PMCID: PMC9390875 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that neutrophils can protect the host against pathogens in multiple ways, including the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web-like structures composed of fibers, DNA, histones, and various neutrophil granule proteins. NETs can capture and kill pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The process of NET formation is called NETosis. According to whether they depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), NETosis can be divided into two categories: "suicidal" NETosis and "vital" NETosis. However, NET components, including neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and cell-free DNA, cause a proinflammatory response and potentially severe diseases. Compelling evidence indicates a link between NETs and the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, small-vessel vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, COVID-19, and others. Therefore, targeting the process and products of NETosis is critical for treating diseases linked with NETosis. Researchers have discovered that several NET inhibitors, such as toll-like receptor inhibitors and reactive oxygen species scavengers, can prevent uncontrolled NET development. This review summarizes the mechanism of NETosis, the receptors associated with NETosis, the pathology of NETosis-induced diseases, and NETosis-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Limin Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional GenesMOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and RegulationSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang X, Xu H, Hua J, Zhu Z, Wang M. Protective Effects of Grapefruit Essential Oil against Staphylococcus Aureus-Induced Inflammation and Cell Damage in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200205. [PMID: 35505451 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common skin pathogenic bacterium, over-colonization can induce skin infections, while its metabolites can also produce irritation to the skin, often accompanied by eczema dermatitis, specific dermatitis and other skin diseases. Grapefruit essential oil is extracted from the fruit of grapefruit (Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr.), a citrus plant that is rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids and high flavanones. Due to its good odor and biological activity such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, etc., grapefruit essential oil has been widely used as an additive in food. To evaluate the potential application of grapefruit essential oil as raw materials in cosmetics products and health foods, we developed a cell damage model of skin inflammation stimulated by S. aureus metabolites. Compared to that of lime essential oil, an internal control, we found that grapefruit essential oil could significantly promote HaCaT cells proliferation, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by S. aureus metabolites, inhibit the upregulated expression of IL-1 and COX-2. In the 3D epidermal model, grapefruit essential oil could recover the decreased LOR and FLG contents caused by S. aureus metabolites. These results demonstrated pharmacological evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of grapefruit essential oil, suggesting a potential application of grapefruit essential oil as cosmetic raw materials for repair and alleviating of skin inflammation caused by S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Heran Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jinglin Hua
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Ziying Zhu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.,BTBU-TANGYI Innovation Center for The Evaluation of The Safety and Efficacy of Bioengineering Raw Materials, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dowey R, Cole J, Thompson AR, Hull RC, Huang C, Whatmore J, Iqbal A, Bradley KL, McKenzie J, Lawrie A, Condliffe AM, Kiss-Toth E, Sabroe I, Prince LR. Enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation in COVID-19 is inhibited by the protein kinase C inhibitor ruboxistaurin. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00596-2021. [PMID: 35382002 PMCID: PMC8801155 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00596-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like DNA and protein lattices which are expelled by neutrophils to trap and kill pathogens, but which cause significant damage to the host tissue. NETs have emerged as critical mediators of lung damage, inflammation and thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other diseases, but there are no therapeutics to prevent or reduce NETs that are available to patients. Methods Neutrophils were isolated from healthy volunteers (n=9) and hospitalised patients with COVID-19 at the acute stage (n=39) and again at 3-4 months post-acute sampling (n=7). NETosis was measured by SYTOX green assays. Results Here, we show that neutrophils isolated from hospitalised patients with COVID-19 produce significantly more NETs in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared to cells from healthy control subjects. A subset of patients was captured at follow-up clinics (3-4 months post-acute sampling), and while LPS-induced NET formation is significantly lower at this time point, it remains elevated compared to healthy controls. LPS- and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced NETs were significantly inhibited by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor ruboxistaurin. Ruboxistaurin-mediated inhibition of NETs in healthy neutrophils reduces NET-induced epithelial cell death. Conclusion Our findings suggest ruboxistaurin could reduce proinflammatory and tissue-damaging consequences of neutrophils during disease, and since it has completed phase III trials for other indications without safety concerns, it is a promising and novel therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Dowey
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joby Cole
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - A.A. Roger Thompson
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rebecca C. Hull
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chenghao Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jacob Whatmore
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ahmed Iqbal
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Dept of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kirsty L. Bradley
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joanne McKenzie
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alison M. Condliffe
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ian Sabroe
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lynne R. Prince
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trichomonas vaginalis triggers neutrophil extracellular traps reducing parasite integrity and growth. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1355-1367. [PMID: 35258690 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis-caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis-is associated with a high inflammatory process that may contribute to the risk of suffering from other medical complications. Our study focused on the in vitro interaction of T. vaginalis with human neutrophils because these are the most abundant cells implicated in the characteristic inflammatory process of trichomoniasis. This study showed that T. vaginalis and its surface glycoconjugates (lipophosphoglycan and/or lipoglycan) induced the formation of human neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). After the trichomonad-neutrophil interaction, parasite integrity was at 32.9%, and the subsequent parasite growth was at 35.2% compared to those of control trophozoites (100%) incubated under the same conditions without neutrophils. In the presence of an antibody against the TLR-4 receptor, DNase I or micrococcal nuclease (MNase), neutrophils reduced the DNA fibres of the NETs and the amount of extracellular DNA, allowing a higher subsequent growth of T. vaginalis, at 52% with the anti-TLR-4 antibody and 62.6% with the enzymes. These results indicated that T. vaginalis induced the formation of extracellular traps by human neutrophils and, because of the interaction with neutrophils and NETs, parasite integrity and growth decreased.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cárdenas G, Chávez-Canales M, Espinosa AM, Jordán-Ríos A, Malagon DA, Murillo MFM, Araujo LVT, Campos RLB, Wong-Chew RM, González LER, Cresencio KI, Velázquez EG, de la Cerda MR, Leyva Y, Hernández-Ruiz J, Hernández-Medel ML, León-Hernández M, Quero KM, Monciváis AS, Díaz SH, Martínez IRZ, Martínez-Cuazitl A, Salazar INM, Sarmiento EB, Peña AF, Hernández PS, Reynoso RIA, Reyes DM, del Río Ambriz LR, Bonilla RAA, Cruz J, Huerta L, Fierro NA, Hernández M, Pérez-Tapia M, Meneses G, Espíndola-Arriaga E, Rosas G, Chinney A, Mendoza SR, Hernández-Aceves JA, Cervantes-Torres J, Rodríguez AF, Alor RO, Francisco SO, Salazar EA, Besedovsky H, Romano MC, Bobes RJ, Jung H, Soldevila G, López-Alvarenga J, Fragoso G, Laclette JP, Sciutto E. Intranasal dexamethasone: a new clinical trial for the control of inflammation and neuroinflammation in COVID-19 patients. Trials 2022; 23:148. [PMID: 35164840 PMCID: PMC8845269 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background By end December of 2021, COVID-19 has infected around 276 million individuals and caused over 5 million deaths worldwide. Infection results in dysregulated systemic inflammation, multi-organ dysfunction, and critical illness. Cells of the central nervous system are also affected, triggering an uncontrolled neuroinflammatory response. Low doses of glucocorticoids, administered orally or intravenously, reduce mortality among moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. However, low doses administered by these routes do not reach therapeutic levels in the CNS. In contrast, intranasally administered dexamethasone can result in therapeutic doses in the CNS even at low doses. Methods This is an approved open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of intranasal versus intravenous dexamethasone administered in low doses to moderate and severe COVID-19 adult patients. The protocol is conducted in five health institutions in Mexico City. A total of 120 patients will be randomized into two groups (intravenous vs. intranasal) at a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will be treated with the corresponding dexamethasone scheme for 10 days. The primary outcome of the study will be clinical improvement, defined as a statistically significant reduction in the NEWS-2 score of patients with intranasal versus intravenous dexamethasone administration. The secondary outcome will be the reduction in mortality during hospitalization. Conclusions This protocol is currently in progress to improve the efficacy of the standard therapeutic dexamethasone regimen for moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04513184. Registered November 12, 2020. Approved by La Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios (COFEPRIS) with identification number DI/20/407/04/36. People are currently being recruited. Graphical abstract ![]()
REVIVAL is a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled study to compare the standard low doses of intravenous dexamethasone with weight-adjusted low doses of intranasal dexamethasone. Intranasal dexamethasone can reach the respiratory tract more effectively than intravenous administration. Intranasal dexamethasone can reach the central nervous system in therapeutic concentrations, even at low doses. REVIVAL aims to reduce central failures and sequelae by controlling not only systemic inflammation but also neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
15
|
NETosis in ischemic/reperfusion injuries: An organ-based review. Life Sci 2021; 290:120158. [PMID: 34822798 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NETosis), the web-like structures induced by neutrophil death, is an important inflammatory mechanism of the immune system leading to reactive oxygen species production/coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and ischemia. NETosis exerts its role through different mechanisms such as triggering Toll-like receptors, inflammatory cytokines, platelet aggregation, neutrophil activation/infiltration, and vascular impairment. NETosis plays a key role in the prognosis of coronary artery disease, ischemic injury of kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract and skeletal muscles. In this review, we explored the molecular mechanisms involved in NETosis, and ischemic/reperfusion injuries in body organs.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Over the past year, COVID-19 has posed a significant threat to global health. Although the infection is associated with mild symptoms in many patients, a significant proportion of patients develop a prothrombotic state due to a combination of alterations in coagulation and immune cell function. The purpose of this review is to discuss the pathophysiological characteristics of COVID-19 that contribute to the immunothrombosis. RECENT FINDINGS Endotheliopathy during COVID-19 results in increased multimeric von Willebrand factor release and the potential for increased platelet adhesion to the endothelium. In addition, decreased anticoagulant proteins on the surface of endothelial cells further alters the hemostatic balance. Soluble coagulation markers are also markedly dysregulated, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tissue factor, leading to COVID-19 induced coagulopathy. Platelet hyperreactivity results in increased platelet-neutrophil and -monocyte aggregates further exacerbating the coagulopathy observed during COVID-19. Finally, the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm primes neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps, which trap platelets and prothrombotic proteins contributing to pulmonary thrombotic complications. SUMMARY Immunothrombosis significantly contributes to the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Understanding the mechanisms behind COVID-19-induced coagulopathy will lead to future therapies for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Portier
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132
| | - Frederik Denorme
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tirunavalli SK, Gourishetti K, Kotipalli RSS, Kuncha M, Kathirvel M, Kaur R, Jerald MK, Sistla R, Andugulapati SB. Dehydrozingerone ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide induced acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting cytokine storm, oxidative stress via modulating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153729. [PMID: 34517257 PMCID: PMC8390101 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation-mediated lung injury is a major cause of health problems in many countries and has been the leading cause of morbidity/mortality in intensive care units. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of the patients experienced serious pneumonia resulting from inflammation (Acute respiratory distress syndrome/ARDS). Pathogenic infections cause cytokine release syndrome (CRS) by hyperactivation of immune cells, which in turn release excessive cytokines causing ARDS. Currently, there are no standard therapies for viral, bacterial or pathogen-mediated CRS. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate and validate the protective effects of Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) against LPS induced lung cell injury by in-vitro and in-vivo models and to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms that mediate these therapeutic effects. METHODS The therapeutic activity of DHZ was determined in in-vitro models by pre-treating the cells with DHZ and exposed to LPS to stimulate the inflammatory cascade of events. We analysed the effect of DHZ on LPS induced inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cell damage markers expression/levels using various cell lines. We performed gene expression, ELISA, and western blot analysis to elucidate the effect of DHZ on inflammation and its modulation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Further, the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of DHZ was evaluated against the LPS induced ARDS model in rats. RESULTS DHZ significantly (p < 0.01) attenuated the LPS induced ROS, inflammatory cytokine, chemokine gene expression and protein release in macrophages. Similarly, DHZ treatment protected the lung epithelial and endothelial cells by mitigating the LPS induced inflammatory events in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo analysis showed that DHZ treatment significantly (p < 0.001) mitigated the LPS induced ARDS pathophysiology of increase in the inflammatory cells in BALF, inflammatory cytokine and chemokines in lung tissues. LPS stimulated neutrophil-mediated events, apoptosis, alveolar wall thickening and alveolar inflammation were profoundly reduced by DHZ treatment in a rat model. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates for the first time that DHZ has the potential to ameliorate LPS induced ARDS by inhibiting cytokine storm and oxidative through modulating the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. This data provides pre-clinical support to develop DHZ as a potential therapeutic agent against ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satya Krishna Tirunavalli
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Centre for Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Karthik Gourishetti
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Madusudhana Kuncha
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Rajwinder Kaur
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Jerald
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Centre for Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Centre for Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kalyanaraman B. Reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory and immunosuppressive mediators induced in COVID-19: overlapping biology with cancer. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1402-1414. [PMID: 34704045 PMCID: PMC8496060 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00042j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the published literature linking the different mechanisms focused on oxidative stress and inflammation that contribute to COVID-19 disease severity. The objective is to bring together potential proinflammatory mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis and address mitigation strategies using naturally occurring compounds and FDA-approved drugs. Outstanding questions addressed include the following: What is the mechanistic basis for linking enhanced vulnerability in COVID-19 to increased oxidative damage and proinflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines), especially in high-risk people? Can we repurpose anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents to mitigate inflammation in COVID-19 patients? How does 2-deoxy-d-glucose function as an anti-COVID drug? COVID-19, cancer biology, and immunotherapy share many mechanistic similarities. Repurposing drugs that already have been FDA-approved for mitigating inflammation and immunosuppression in cancer may be a way to counteract disease severity, progression, and chronic inflammation in COVID-19. What are the long-term effects of reactive oxygen species-inducing immune cells and sustained inflammation in so-called long-haulers (long COVID) after recovery from COVID-19? Can we use mitochondria-targeted agents prophylactically to prevent inflammation and boost immunity in long-haulers? Addressing the oxidative chemical biology of COVID-19 and the mechanistic commonalities with cancer may provide new insights potentially leading to appropriate clinical trials and new treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Cancer Center, Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin 8701 Watertown Plank Road Milwaukee WI 53226 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hafkamp FMJ, Groot Kormelink T, de Jong EC. Targeting DCs for Tolerance Induction: Don't Lose Sight of the Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732992. [PMID: 34675923 PMCID: PMC8523850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory disorders (CID), such as autoimmune diseases, are characterized by overactivation of the immune system and loss of immune tolerance. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of multiple CID, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In line with the increasingly recognized contribution of innate immune cells to the modulation of dendritic cell (DC) function and DC-driven adaptive immune responses, we recently showed that neutrophils are required for DC-driven Th17 cell differentiation from human naive T cells. Consequently, recruitment of neutrophils to inflamed tissues and lymph nodes likely creates a highly inflammatory loop through the induction of Th17 cells that should be intercepted to attenuate disease progression. Tolerogenic therapy via DCs, the central orchestrators of the adaptive immune response, is a promising strategy for the treatment of CID. Tolerogenic DCs could restore immune tolerance by driving the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the periphery. In this review, we discuss the effects of the tolerogenic adjuvants vitamin D3 (VD3), corticosteroids (CS), and retinoic acid (RA) on both DCs and neutrophils and their potential interplay. We briefly summarize how neutrophils shape DC-driven T-cell development in general. We propose that, for optimization of tolerogenic DC therapy for the treatment of CID, both DCs for tolerance induction and the neutrophil inflammatory loop should be targeted while preserving the potential Treg-enhancing effects of neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther C. de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cahilog Z, Zhao H, Wu L, Alam A, Eguchi S, Weng H, Ma D. The Role of Neutrophil NETosis in Organ Injury: Novel Inflammatory Cell Death Mechanisms. Inflammation 2021; 43:2021-2032. [PMID: 32830308 PMCID: PMC7443373 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NETosis is a type of regulated cell death dependent on the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), where net-like structures of decondensed chromatin and proteases are produced by polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocytes. These structures immobilise pathogens and restrict them with antimicrobial molecules, thus preventing their spread. Whilst NETs possess a fundamental anti-microbial function within the innate immune system under physiological circumstances, increasing evidence also indicates that NETosis occurs in the pathogenic process of other disease type, including but not limited to atherosclerosis, airway inflammation, Alzheimer’s and stroke. Here, we reviewed the role of NETosis in the development of organ injury, including injury to the brain, lung, heart, kidney, musculoskeletal system, gut and reproductive system, whilst therapeutic agents in blocking injuries induced by NETosis in its primitive stages were also discussed. This review provides novel insights into the involvement of NETosis in different organ injuries, and whilst potential therapeutic measures targeting NETosis remain a largely unexplored area, these warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cahilog
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Hailin Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Azeem Alam
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Shiori Eguchi
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Hao Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ricci E, Roselletti E, Gentili M, Sabbatini S, Perito S, Riccardi C, Migliorati G, Monari C, Ronchetti S. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper-Mediated TLR2 Downregulation Accounts for Reduced Neutrophil Activity Following Acute DEX Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:2228. [PMID: 34571877 PMCID: PMC8472062 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are the most powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive pharmacological drugs available, despite their adverse effects. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a glucocorticoid-induced gene that shares several anti-inflammatory properties with glucocorticoids. Although immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids on neutrophils remain poorly understood, we previously demonstrated that GILZ suppresses neutrophil activation under glucocorticoid treatment. Here, we sought to explore the regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) on neutrophils and the associated GILZ involvement. Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from wild type and GILZ-knock-out (KO) mice. TLR2 was found to be downregulated by the in vivo administration of glucocorticoids in wild type but not in GILZ-KO neutrophils, suggesting the involvement of GILZ in TLR2 downregulation. Accordingly, the TLR2-associated anti-fungal activity of neutrophils was reduced by DEX treatment in wild type but not GILZ-KO neutrophils. Furthermore, GILZ did not interact with NF-κB but was found to bind with STAT5, a pivotal factor in the regulation of TLR2 expression. A similar modulation of TLR2 expression, impaired phagocytosis, and killing activity was observed in circulating human neutrophils treated in vitro with DEX. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids reduce the ability of neutrophils to respond to infections by downregulating TLR2 via GILZ, thereby reducing critical functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ricci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Elena Roselletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Microbiology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (S.S.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Marco Gentili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Samuele Sabbatini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Microbiology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (S.S.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Stefano Perito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Microbiology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (S.S.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Claudia Monari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Microbiology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (S.S.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (M.G.); (C.R.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang K, Jiang N, Sang X, Feng Y, Chen R, Chen Q. Trypanosoma brucei Lipophosphoglycan Induces the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Reactive Oxygen Species Burst via Toll-Like Receptor 2, Toll-Like Receptor 4, and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713531. [PMID: 34394064 PMCID: PMC8355521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei brucei is the causative agent of African animal trypanosomosis, which mainly parasitizes the blood of the host. Lipophosphoglycan (LPG), a polymer anchored to the surface of the parasites, activates the host immune response. In this study, we revealed that T. brucei LPG stimulated neutrophils to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and release the reactive oxygen species (ROS). We further analyzed the involvement of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and explored the activation of signaling pathway enzymes in response to LPG stimulation. During the stimulation of neutrophils by LPG, the blockade using anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 antibodies reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), the release of DNA from the NETs, and the burst of ROS. Moreover, the addition of JNK inhibitor and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor exhibited similar effects. Our data suggest that T. brucei LPG activates the phosphorylation of JNK through TLR2 and TLR4 recognition, which causes the formation of NETs and the burst of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cristinziano L, Modestino L, Antonelli A, Marone G, Simon HU, Varricchi G, Galdiero MR. Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 79:91-104. [PMID: 34280576 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beyond their well-known functions in the acute phases of the immune response, neutrophils play important roles in the various phases of tumor initiation and progression, through the release of their stored or newly synthesized mediators. In addition to reactive oxygen species, cytokines, chemokines, granule proteins and lipid mediators, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can also be released upon neutrophil activation. NET formation can be achieved through a cell-death process or in association with the release of mitochondrial DNA from viable neutrophils. NETs are described as extracellular fibers of DNA and decorating proteins responsible for trapping and killing extracellular pathogens, playing a protective role in the antimicrobial defense. There is increasing evidence, however, that NETs play multiple roles in the scenario of cancer-related inflammation. For instance, NETs directly or indirectly promote tumor growth and progression, fostering tumor spread at distant sites and shielding cancer cells thus preventing the effects of cytotoxic lymphocytes. NETs can also promote tumor angiogenesis and cancer-associated thrombosis. On the other hand, there is some evidence that NETs may play anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic roles. In this review, we focus on the main mechanisms underlying the emerging effects of NETs in cancer initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Phelps DW, Fletcher AA, Rodriguez-Nunez I, Balik-Meisner MR, Tokarz DA, Reif DM, Germolec DR, Yoder JA. In vivo assessment of respiratory burst inhibition by xenobiotic exposure using larval zebrafish. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 17:94-104. [PMID: 32407153 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2020.1748772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, assessment of the potential immunotoxicity of a given agent involves a tiered approach for hazard identification and mechanistic studies, including observational studies, evaluation of immune function, and measurement of susceptibility to infectious and neoplastic diseases. These studies generally use costly low-throughput mammalian models. Zebrafish, however, offer an excellent alternative due to their rapid development, ease of maintenance, and homology to mammalian immune system function and development. Larval zebrafish also are a convenient model to study the innate immune system with no interference from the adaptive immune system. In this study, a respiratory burst assay (RBA) was utilized to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after developmental xenobiotic exposure. Embryos were exposed to non-teratogenic doses of chemicals and at 96 h post-fertilization, the ability to produce ROS was measured. Using the RBA, 12 compounds with varying immune-suppressive properties were screened. Seven compounds neither suppressed nor enhanced the respiratory burst; five reproducibly suppressed global ROS production, but with varying potencies: benzo[a]pyrene, 17β-estradiol, lead acetate, methoxychlor, and phenanthrene. These five compounds have all previously been reported as immunosuppressive in mammalian innate immunity assays. To evaluate whether the suppression of ROS by these compounds was a result of decreased immune cell numbers, flow cytometry with transgenic zebrafish larvae was used to count the numbers of neutrophils and macrophages after chemical exposure. With this assay, benzo[a]pyrene was found to be the only chemical that induced a change in the number of immune cells by increasing macrophage but not neutrophil numbers. Taken together, this work demonstrates the utility of zebrafish larvae as a vertebrate model for identifying compounds that impact innate immune function at non-teratogenic levels and validates measuring ROS production and phagocyte numbers as metrics for monitoring how xenobiotic exposure alters the innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drake W Phelps
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ashley A Fletcher
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Rodriguez-Nunez
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Debra A Tokarz
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dori R Germolec
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dey R, Bishayi B. Ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone in combination attenuate S. aureus induced brain abscess via neuroendocrine-immune interaction of TLR-2 and glucocorticoid receptor leading to behavioral improvement. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107695. [PMID: 33962227 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus induced brain abscess is a critical health concern throughout the developing world. The conventional surgical intervention could not regulate the abscess-induced brain inflammation. Thus further study over the alternative therapeutic strategy for treating a brain abscess is of high priority. The resident glial cells recognize the invading S. aureus by their cell surface Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2). Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was known for its immunosuppressive effects. In this study, an attempt had been taken to utilize the functional relationship or cross-talking between TLR-2 and GR during the pathogenesis of brain abscesses. Here, the combination of an antibiotic (i.e. ciprofloxacin) and dexamethasone was used to regulate the brain inflammation either in TLR-2 or GR blocking condition. We were also interested to figure out the possible impact of alternative therapy on behavioral impairments. The results indicated that combination treatment during TLR-2 blockade significantly reduced the bacterial burden and abscess area score in the infected brain. However, marked improvements were observed in anxiety, depression-like behavior, and motor co-ordination. The combination treatment after TLR-2 blocking effectively scavenged free radicals (H2O2, superoxide anion, and NO) through modulating antioxidant enzyme activities that ultimately control S. aureus induced glial reactivity possibly via up-regulating GR expression. The exogenous dexamethasone might regulate the GR expression in the brain by increasing the corticosterone concentration and the GC-GR mediated signaling. Therefore, this in-vivo study demonstrates the possible regulatory mechanism of bacterial brain abscess that involved TLR-2 and GR as a part of neuroendocrine-immune interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajen Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen W, Zhao J, Mu D, Wang Z, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Yang D. Pyroptosis Mediates Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation during Bacterial Infection in Zebrafish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1913-1922. [PMID: 33712519 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The formation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) is a critical host defense when neutrophils migrate to infection sites. Pyroptosis is a newly identified programmed cell death, which is tightly regulated by inflammasome activation. However, the mechanism of pyroptotic signaling participating in NET production remains to be elucidated. In this study, the zebrafish larvae otic vesicle microinjection model was used to infect larvae with hemolysin-overexpressing Edwardsiella piscicida (EthA+), and a rapid migration of neutrophils to infection sites was observed. Intriguingly, EthA+ infection effectively induced significant neutrophil membrane rupture in vivo, which was dependent on caspase-B (caspy2) and gasdermin Eb (GSDMEb) but not caspase-A or gasdermin Ea. Specifically, the EthA+ E. piscicida infection induced pyroptosis along with NETosis in vitro, and depletion of either caspy2 or GSDMEb impaired NET formation in vivo. Consequently, inhibition of the caspy2-GSDMEb axis-gated NETosis impaired bacterial clearance in vivo. Altogether, these data provide evidence that teleost fish innate immune cells, including neutrophils, express features of pyroptosis that are critical for NETosis in teleost innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Di Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; and
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wauters E, Van Mol P, Garg AD, Jansen S, Van Herck Y, Vanderbeke L, Bassez A, Boeckx B, Malengier-Devlies B, Timmerman A, Van Brussel T, Van Buyten T, Schepers R, Heylen E, Dauwe D, Dooms C, Gunst J, Hermans G, Meersseman P, Testelmans D, Yserbyt J, Tejpar S, De Wever W, Matthys P, Neyts J, Wauters J, Qian J, Lambrechts D. Discriminating mild from critical COVID-19 by innate and adaptive immune single-cell profiling of bronchoalveolar lavages. Cell Res 2021; 31:272-290. [PMID: 33473155 PMCID: PMC8027624 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
How the innate and adaptive host immune system miscommunicate to worsen COVID-19 immunopathology has not been fully elucidated. Here, we perform single-cell deep-immune profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 5 patients with mild and 26 with critical COVID-19 in comparison to BALs from non-COVID-19 pneumonia and normal lung. We use pseudotime inference to build T-cell and monocyte-to-macrophage trajectories and model gene expression changes along them. In mild COVID-19, CD8+ resident-memory (TRM) and CD4+ T-helper-17 (TH17) cells undergo active (presumably antigen-driven) expansion towards the end of the trajectory, and are characterized by good effector functions, while in critical COVID-19 they remain more naïve. Vice versa, CD4+ T-cells with T-helper-1 characteristics (TH1-like) and CD8+ T-cells expressing exhaustion markers (TEX-like) are enriched halfway their trajectories in mild COVID-19, where they also exhibit good effector functions, while in critical COVID-19 they show evidence of inflammation-associated stress at the end of their trajectories. Monocyte-to-macrophage trajectories show that chronic hyperinflammatory monocytes are enriched in critical COVID-19, while alveolar macrophages, otherwise characterized by anti-inflammatory and antigen-presenting characteristics, are depleted. In critical COVID-19, monocytes contribute to an ATP-purinergic signaling-inflammasome footprint that could enable COVID-19 associated fibrosis and worsen disease-severity. Finally, viral RNA-tracking reveals infected lung epithelial cells, and a significant proportion of neutrophils and macrophages that are involved in viral clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Els Wauters
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Mol
- grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek Dinkarnath Garg
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (CMM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Jansen
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Van Herck
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lore Vanderbeke
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ayse Bassez
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Malengier-Devlies
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Timmerman
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Brussel
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tina Van Buyten
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rogier Schepers
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Dauwe
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Dooms
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Gunst
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Hermans
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Meersseman
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Testelmans
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Yserbyt
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter De Wever
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Neyts
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Wauters
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Junbin Qian
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006 China
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wan T, Zhang Y, Yuan K, Min J, Mou Y, Jin X. Acetylsalicylic Acid Promotes Corneal Epithelium Migration by Regulating Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Alkali Burn. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551057. [PMID: 33178183 PMCID: PMC7593339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first cells to migrate into the cornea in response to alkali burns, and excessive neutrophil infiltration is associated with inflammatory injury and a poorer prognosis. In an effort to understand the mechanisms underlying the inflammation mediated by neutrophils after alkali burns, we examined the role of alkali-activated neutrophils on human corneal epithelial cells (HCEs) proliferation and migration, as well as the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and dexamethasone (DXM) on NETosis. We stimulated human neutrophils with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and observed dose- and time-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. We also observed that ASA, but not DXM, significantly inhibited NaOH-induced NETosis. Furthermore, the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, but not the production of reactive oxygen species, was involved in ASA-regulated NETosis. Moreover, NETs were found to be involved in alkali-activated neutrophils (ANs) induced neutrophil-HCE adhesion. ANs enhanced HCEs proliferation via phagocytosis. Meanwhile, ANs inhibited HCEs migration through the release of NETs, which was partially rescued by 5 mM ASA. In conclusion, ANs may interfere with HCEs proliferation and migration by phagocytosis and NETs formation, respectively. ASA may enhance HCEs migration by decreasing NETs formation through inhibition of NF-κB activation and could be a promising strategy for improving the prognosis of corneal alkali burns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wan
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kelan Yuan
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Min
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Mou
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhu B, Zhang L, Yuan K, Huang X, Hu R, Jin X. Neutrophil extracellular traps may have a dual role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 40:169-180. [PMID: 32875519 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) keratitis is a sight-threatening and rapidly progressive corneal disease. Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are widely thought to play a vital role in hosts' immune defenses against bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamics of the formation and the role of NETs in P. aeruginosa keratitis. First, scratched corneas of mice models were treated with 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml of P. aeruginosa suspension or normal saline (NS). Second, after 48 h postinfection, the infected corneas were treated with TobraDex, Tobrex, 0.1% dexamethasone, or NS four times a day, respectively. Clinical examination, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunofluorescence staining, scanning electron microscopy, and bacterial burden testing were performed on the corneas. Tobrex reduced neutrophil infiltration and corneal P. aeruginosa burden. Dexamethasone reduced NETs, bacterial burden, and severe neutrophil infiltration. TobraDex produced a greater reduction in the amount of neutrophils, NETs, and bacterial burden and the results of Tobrex-treated group were between them. These findings corresponded with the clinical findings that TobraDex- and Tobrex-treated mice exhibited slight corneal damage, while dexamethasone-treated mice exhibited very severe corneal damage. Cumulatively, our data suggest that NETs may play a dual role of infection control and corneal damage in P. aeruginosa keratitis. Furthermore, combination treatment targeting NET formation and bacteria may serve as a way of improving the clinical outcomes of bacterial keratitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Kelan Yuan
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Renjian Hu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yuan K, Zheng J, Huang X, Zhang Y, Han Y, Hu R, Jin X. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote corneal neovascularization-induced by alkali burn. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106902. [PMID: 32829090 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and the regulatory role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity in it. METHODS The regulatory role of mTOR in NETs formation was explored. In vitro, human neutrophils were pretreated with rapamycin. NETs formation was measured using immunofluorescence staining of NETs markers, SYTOX Green and PicoGreen after NaOH stimulation. In vivo, mice were treated with rapamycin, and NETs formation in cornea was measured using immunofluorescence staining 7 days after alkali burn. Then, the effects of NETs on angiogenesis were investigated. In vitro, human neutrophils were treated with DNase I or rapamycin. NETs were isolated after NaOH stimulation and the isolated NETs were co-culture with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs migration, proliferation, and inflammatory activation were measured. In vivo, mice were injected subconjunctivally with supernatant containing NETs. Corneal neovascularization was visualized by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS NETs structures can be observed in NaOH-stimulated neutrophils and alkali-burned mouse cornea compared with normal group. Treated with rapamycin enhanced NETs formation in response to NaOH management compared with DMSO control in vitro and in vivo. NETs increased the migration, proliferation and inflammatory activation of HUVECs, and subconjunctival injection of NETs promoted inflammatory and angiogenic response in corneal alkali burn model. CONCLUSIONS NETs formation can be triggered by NaOH stimulation. mTOR activity has a negative regulatory effect on NETs formation. NETs promoted angiogenic responses and inflammatory activation of HUVECs and increased corneal neovascularization and inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelan Yuan
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yu Han
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Renjian Hu
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schönrich G, Raftery MJ, Samstag Y. Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: Oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T cell suppression. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 77:100741. [PMID: 32773102 PMCID: PMC7334659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and poses an unprecedented challenge to healthcare systems due to the lack of a vaccine and specific treatment options. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to understand precisely the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this multifaceted disease. There is increasing evidence that the immune system reacts insufficiently to SARS-CoV-2 and thus contributes to organ damage and to lethality. In this review, we suggest that the overwhelming production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative stress is a major cause of local or systemic tissue damage that leads to severe COVID-19. It increases the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and suppresses the adaptive arm of the immune system, i.e. T cells that are necessary to kill virus-infected cells. This creates a vicious cycle that prevents a specific immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The key role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 implies that therapeutic counterbalancing of ROS by antioxidants such as vitamin C or NAC and/or by antagonizing ROS production by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and neutrophil granulocytes and/or by blocking of TNF-α can prevent COVID-19 from becoming severe. Controlled clinical trials and preclinical models of COVID-19 are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schönrich
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin J Raftery
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang S, Jia X, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Yang J, Hu C, Shi J, Jiang X, Lu J, Shen H. Neutrophil extracellular traps activate lung fibroblast to induce polymyositis-related interstitial lung diseases via TLR9-miR-7-Smad2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1658-1669. [PMID: 31821687 PMCID: PMC6991674 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation may contribute to polymyositis (PM)‐associated interstitial lung diseases (ILD), but the underlying mechanism is not fully revealed. In this study, we found that NET accelerated the progression of ILD and promoted pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in vivo. miR‐7 expression was down‐regulated in lung tissue of PM group than control group, and NETs further decreased miR‐7 expression. TLR9 and Smad2 were up‐regulated in lung tissue of PM group than control group, and NETs further increased TLR9 and Smad2 expressions. In vitro experiments showed that PMA‐treated NETs accelerated the proliferation of LF and their differentiation into myofibroblast (MF), whereas DNase I decreased the promotion effect of NETs. Neutrophil extracellular trap components myeloperoxidase (MPO) and histone 3 also promoted the proliferation and differentiation of LF. In addition, we demonstrated that TLR9 involved in the regulation of NETs on LF proliferation and differentiation, and confirmed the interaction between miR‐7 and Smad2 in LF. Finally, miR‐7‐Smad2 pathway was confirmed to be involved in the regulation of TLR9 on LF proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, NETs promote PM‐related ILD, and TLR9‐miR‐7‐Smad2 signalling pathway is involved in the proliferation of LFs and their differentiation into MFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Jia
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junnian Shi
- Department of Pneumology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinyue Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haili Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fan F, Huang X, Yuan K, Zhu B, Zhao Y, Hu R, Wan T, Zhu L, Jin X. Glucocorticoids May Exacerbate Fungal Keratitis by Increasing Fungal Aggressivity and Inhibiting the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:124-133. [PMID: 31429304 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1657464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate whether glucocorticoids affect the prognosis of fungal keratitis by inhibiting the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).Methods: A mouse model of Candida albicans (C.albicans) keratitis was established. Animals were randomly assigned to treatment with 0.1% dexamethasone (DXM) eye drops and normal saline (3 times each day for 3 days). The effects of DXM on fungal keratitis were assessed using clinical scores, immunofluorescence staining, histopathological examination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pathogen burden assay. All the analyses were performed using SPSS software version 17.0 (Chicago, IL).Results: NETs formation was noteworthy in the cornea lesions of fungal keratitis. The clinical score of the DXM-treated group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < .05). During the measured period, corneas from DXM-treated group contained more C.albicans than those from the control group by histology and pathogen burden assay. Compared with the control group, the DXM treatment group had a higher depth of infiltration of C.albicans. Histological and immunofluorescence staining showed that there were fewer neutrophils in the cornea focus of DXM-treated group (P < .05), and the number of NETs formed in scrapings from control group was higher than that in the DXM treatment group on day 3 (P < .05, Z = -3.56)) and day 5 (P < .05, Z = -3.69). In a similar amount of cell scraping, the NETs of neutrophils formation from the DXM-treated group were also less than that from the control group.Conclusion: Our results indicated that NETs were involved in the immune response in C.albicans keratitis. Glucocorticoids may exacerbate fungal keratitis not only by increasing fungal aggressivity and reducing the infiltration of neutrophils but also by inhibiting the formation of NETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Fan
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kelan Yuan
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Zhu
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renjian Hu
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lian Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The people's Hospital of SND, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dey R, Bishayi B. Dexamethasone exhibits its anti-inflammatory effects in S. aureus induced microglial inflammation via modulating TLR-2 and glucocorticoid receptor expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105806. [PMID: 31401378 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Microglial inflammation plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of CNS infections including brain abscesses. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered as one of the major causative agents of brain abscesses. Due to the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria the available treatment options including conventional antibiotics and steroid therapy become ineffective in terms of inflammation regulation which warrants further investigation to resolve this health issue. Microglial TLR-2 plays important roles in the bacterial recognition as well as induction of inflammation whereas glucocorticoid receptor (GR) triggers anti-inflammatory pathways in presence of glucocorticoids (GCs). The main objective of this study was to figure out the interdependency between TLR-2 and GR in presence of exogenous dexamethasone during microglial inflammation as an alternative therapeutic approach. Experiments were done either in TLR-2 neutralized condition or GR blocked condition in presence of dexamethasone. Free radicals production, arginase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase enzyme activities and corticosterone concentration were measured along with Western blot analysis of TLR-2, GR and other inflammatory molecules. The results suggested that dexamethasone pre-treatment in TLR-2 neutralized condition efficiently reduces the inflammatory consequences of S. aureus induced microglial inflammation through up regulating GR expression. During TLR-2 blocking dexamethasone exerted its potent anti-inflammatory activities via suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO production and up regulating arginase, SOD and catalase activities at the time point of 90 min. Further in-vivo experiments are needed to conclude that dexamethasone could resolve brain inflammation possibly through microglial phenotypic switching from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajen Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen W, Yu SX, Zhou FH, Zhang XJ, Gao WY, Li KY, Liu ZZ, Han WY, Yang YJ. DNA Sensor IFI204 Contributes to Host Defense Against Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:474. [PMID: 30936875 PMCID: PMC6431627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-inducible protein (IFI204) (p204, the murine homolog of human IFI16) is known as a cytosolic DNA sensor to recognize DNA viruses and intracellular bacteria. However, little is known about its role during extracellular bacterial infection. Here we show that IFI204 is required for host defense against the infection of Staphylococcus aureus, an extracellular bacterial pathogen. IFI204 deficiency results in decreased survival, increased bacterial loads, severe organs damage, and decreased recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Production of several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines including IFN-β and KC is markedly decreased, as well as the related STING-IRF3 and NF-κB pathways are impaired. However, exogenous administration of recombinant KC or IFN-β is unable to rescue the susceptibility of IFI204-deficient mice, suggesting that other mechanisms rather than KC and IFN-β account for IFI204-mediated host defense. IFI204 deficiency leads to a defect in extracellular bacterial killing in macrophages and neutrophils, although bacterial engulf, and intracellular killing activity are normal. Moreover, the defect of bactericidal activity is mediated by decreased extracellular trap formation in the absence of IFI204. Adoptively transferred WT bone marrow cells significantly protect WT and IFI204-deficient recipients against Staphylococcus infection compared with transferred IFI204-deficient bone marrow cells. Hence, this study suggests that IFI204 is essential for the host defense against Staphylococcus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shui-Xing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Feng-Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Ying Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 enhances the antibacterial functions of GM-CSF induced neutrophils to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:204-212. [PMID: 30885749 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A proliferation of studies have demonstrated that the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) pathway affects the chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and cytokine release of neutrophils when pathogens invade. Our previous studies have demonstrated that pretreatment with high doses of Pam3CSK4 (>25 μg/ml) improves the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils, however, short-lived neutrophils limit their therapeutic functions. Here, we used granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to generate neutrophils from murine bone marrow, and assessed their effect on the immune response against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. As comparing with classical method of generating neutrophils directly from murine bone marrow, our findings show that pretreatment with Pam3CSK4 enhanced the phagocytic and killing activities against MRSA by the GM-CSF induced neutrophils (GM-CSF neutrophils). Chemotaxis of GM-CSF induced neutrophils was significantly increased after the pretreatment with Pam3CSK4. Furthermore, Pam3CSK4 pretreatment enhanced iNOS, CRAMP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 expression. Finally, we observed that p38MAPK and Akt phosphorylation kinases were increased significantly in GM-CSF neutrophils pretreatment with Pam3CSK4 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas p38MAPK inhibitor (SB2021190) and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) attenuated the antimicrobial activities including phagocytosis, killing activity, respiratory burst, and the release of lactoferrin(LTF) by the GM-CSF induced neutrophils. Together, these findings suggest that pretreatment with Pam3CSK4 enhances the antibacterial function of GM-CSF neutrophils against MRSA, and this could be related to the p38MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
37
|
Armstrong CL, Klaes CK, Vashishta A, Lamont RJ, Uriarte SM. Filifactor alocis manipulates human neutrophils affecting their ability to release neutrophil extracellular traps induced by PMA. Innate Immun 2018; 24:210-220. [PMID: 29649915 PMCID: PMC6410572 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918767507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils operate at the site of injury or inflammation in the periodontal
pocket to ensure periodontal health and clearance of bacterial pathogens.
Filifactor alocis is recently identified as a potential
periodontal pathogen, and in this study, we assessed the formation of neutrophil
extracellular traps (NETs), in response to the presence of the
organism. NET formation by human neutrophils was not
induced when challenged with F. alocis, independent of
opsonization, viability, time, or bacterial dose. F. alocis
also failed to induce NETs from TNF-α-primed neutrophils and did not induce the
release of extracellular neutrophil elastase. However, significant NET induction
was observed when neutrophils were challenged with Streptococcus
gordonii or Peptoanaerobacter stomatis, In
addition, co-infection studies revealed that the presence of F.
alocis with S. gordonii or P.
stomatis does not enhance or reduce NETs. Additionally, F.
alocis failed to impact pre-formed NETs induced by either
S. gordonii or P. stomatis. Pretreatment
with F. alocis prior to stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate
13-acetate (PMA), S. gordonii, or P. stomatis
revealed that the bacterium is capable of reducing only PMA but not S.
gordonii or P. stomatis NET formation. These
results indicate that F. alocis manipulates neutrophils,
inhibiting the triggering of NET induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard J Lamont
- 3 Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, USA.,2 Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, USA.,3 Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, USA
| |
Collapse
|