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Bernardes-Loch RM, Ribeiro AC, Ramírez-López CJ, Loch Gomes RA, Barros E, Filomeno Fontes EA, Baracat-Pereira MC. Human milk proteins differentiate over the sex of newborns and across stages of lactation. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 62:144-156. [PMID: 38901936 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human milk (HM) is a complete food that meets the nutritional and energy demands of the newborns. It contains numerous bioactive components, including functional proteins. Variations in HM energy and lipid content have already been reported related to the newborn's sex, but differences between protein profiles are still scarce. This work aimed to identify differences between HM proteins produced by mothers of female and male newborns, in the lactation stages of colostrum and mature milk, and the metabolic pathways involved. METHODS A total of 98 HM samples were collected from 39 lactating women and classified according to the newborn's sex, stages of lactation, and three mothers' age groups, and evaluated about protein concentration and one-dimensional electrophoretic profile. Next, to assess samples with the greatest differences, the HM proteins regarding the newborn's sex and the stages of lactation were compared using nano-LC-MS/MS, in 24 HM samples randomly rearranged into four groups: female and male infants, and colostrum and mature milk. Functional classification, metabolic pathways, and protein interaction networks were analyzed by Gene Ontology, KEGG, and STRING, respectively. RESULTS The soluble protein content of HM decreased throughout lactation, with differences regarding isolated factors, such as mothers' age group, child's sex and stages of lactation, and also in terms of their interactions. A total of 146 proteins were identified, 42 of which showed different abundances over the sexes of newborns and 53 between the stages of lactation. In general, proteins related to metabolic processes were up-regulated for mothers of male infants and in the mature stage of lactation, while proteins related to defense were up-regulated in mothers of female infants and in the colostrum phase. CONCLUSION This study indicated that there are differentiated and specific nutritional and defense needs of newborns, by sex and by lactation phase, which is highly relevant for a more appropriate supply of food to infants receiving HM from donor mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Casagrande Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36.570-900, Brazil; Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Ruither Arthur Loch Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Edvaldo Barros
- Nucleus for Biomolecule Analysis, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36.570-900, Brazil.
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2
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Vassilopoulou E, Agostoni C, Feketea G, Alberti I, Gianni ML, Milani GP. The Role of Breastfeeding in Acute Respiratory Infections in Infancy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024:00006454-990000000-00942. [PMID: 38986006 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) affect the respiratory tract, are often caused by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus, and present symptoms such as coughing, fever, respiratory distress and breathing difficulty. The global adherence to exclusive breastfeeding (BF) for the first 6 months of life has reached 44%, supported by World Health Organization and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund efforts. BF provides vital nutrients and contributes to infant immune system development, protecting against infections. The role of BF in preventing and reducing complications of ARIs in infants is gaining attention, prompting a review of current data and future research needs. This review aims to summarize the evidence on the role of BF in reducing the risk and severity of ARIs in infants, elucidate the adaptations in breast milk composition during infections and identify relevant research needs. METHODS AND RESULTS Human milk (HM) is rich in immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides, and immunomodulatory factors that protect against various pathogens, including respiratory viruses. Several studies have demonstrated that BF is associated with a significant reduction in hospitalization, oxygen requirements, and mortality in infants with ARIs. The effectiveness of BF varies according to the specific respiratory virus, and a longer duration of exclusive BF appears to enhance its protective effect. It is documented that the composition of HM adjusts dynamically in response to infections, fortifying the infant's immune defenses. Specific immunological components of HM, including leukocytes and immunoglobulins, increase in response to infection in the infant, contributing to the enhancement of the immune defense in infants. Immune-boosting microRNAs enhance immune transfer to the infants and promote early gut maturation, and the HM microbiome along with other factors modifies the the infant's gut microbiome and immune system. CONCLUSIONS BF defends infants from respiratory infections, and the investigation of the microRNAs in HM offers new insights into its antiviral properties. The promotion of BF, especially in vulnerable communities, is of paramount importance in alleviating the global burden of ARIs in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vassilopoulou
- From the Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- From the Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gavriela Feketea
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, "Karamandaneio" Children's Hospital of Patra, Patras, Greece
| | - Ilaria Alberti
- From the Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorella Gianni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- From the Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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3
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Marissen J, Reichert L, Härtel C, Fortmann MI, Faust K, Msanga D, Harder J, Zemlin M, Gomez de Agüero M, Masjosthusmann K, Humberg A. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) and the Microbiome in Preterm Infants: Consequences and Opportunities for Future Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6684. [PMID: 38928389 PMCID: PMC11203687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial components of the innate immune system in various organisms, including humans. Beyond their direct antimicrobial effects, AMPs play essential roles in various physiological processes. They induce angiogenesis, promote wound healing, modulate immune responses, and serve as chemoattractants for immune cells. AMPs regulate the microbiome and combat microbial infections on the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Produced in response to microbial signals, AMPs help maintain a balanced microbial community and provide a first line of defense against infection. In preterm infants, alterations in microbiome composition have been linked to various health outcomes, including sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, atopic dermatitis, and respiratory infections. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the microbiome, can alter AMP profiles and potentially lead to inflammation-mediated diseases such as chronic lung disease and obesity. In the following review, we summarize what is known about the vital role of AMPs as multifunctional peptides in protecting newborn infants against infections and modulating the microbiome and immune response. Understanding their roles in preterm infants and high-risk populations offers the potential for innovative approaches to disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Marissen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.M.); (L.R.)
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max-Planck Research Group, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Lilith Reichert
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Christoph Härtel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.M.); (L.R.)
- German Center for Infection Research, Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mats Ingmar Fortmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (M.I.F.); (K.F.)
| | - Kirstin Faust
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (M.I.F.); (K.F.)
| | - Delfina Msanga
- Department of Pediatrics, Bugando Hospital, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza 33109, Tanzania;
| | - Jürgen Harder
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Quincke Research Center, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max-Planck Research Group, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Katja Masjosthusmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Alexander Humberg
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (A.H.)
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Weaver DF. Endogenous Antimicrobial-Immunomodulatory Molecules: Networking Biomolecules of Innate Immunity. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400089. [PMID: 38658319 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous antimicrobial-immunomodulatory molecules (EAIMs) are essential to immune-mediated human health and evolution. Conventionally, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been regarded as the dominant endogenous antimicrobial molecule; however, AMPs are not sufficient to account for the full spectrum of antimicrobial-immunomodulatory duality occurring within the human body. The threat posed by pathogenic microbes is pervasive with the capacity for widespread impact across many organ systems and multiple biochemical pathways; accordingly, the host needs the capacity to react with an equally diverse response. This can be attained by having EAIMs that traverse the full range of molecular size (small to large molecules) and structural diversity (including molecules other than peptides). This review identifies multiple molecules (peptide/protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, small organic molecule, and metallic cation) as EAIMs and discusses the possibility of cooperative, additive effects amongst the various EAIM classes during the host response to a microbial assault. This comprehensive consideration of the full molecular diversity of EAIMs enables the conclusion that EAIMs constitute a previously uncatalogued structurally diverse and collectively underappreciated immuno-active group of integrated molecular responders within the innate immune system's first line of defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Weaver
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicine, University of Toronto, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5Y 0S8, Canada
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5
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Smith JP, Borg B, Nguyen TT, Iellamo A, Pramono A, Mathisen R. Estimating carbon and water footprints associated with commercial milk formula production and use: development and implications of the Green Feeding Climate Action Tool. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1371036. [PMID: 38938671 PMCID: PMC11210426 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1371036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon offset frameworks like the UN Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) have largely overlooked interventions involving food, health, and care systems, including breastfeeding. The innovative Green Feeding Climate Action Tool (GFT) assesses the environmental impact of commercial milk formula (CMF) use, and advocates for breastfeeding support interventions as legitimate carbon offsets. This paper provides an overview of the GFT's development, key features, and potential uses. The offline and online GFT were developed using the DMADV methodology (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify). The GFT reveals that the production and use of CMF by infants under 6 months results in annual global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of between 5.9 and 7.5 billion kg CO2 eq. and consumes 2,562.5 billion liters of water. As a national example, in India, one of the world's most populous countries, CMF consumption requires 250.6 billion liters of water and results in GHG emissions ranging from 579 to 737 million kg CO2 eq. annually, despite the country's high breastfeeding prevalence among infants under 6 months. The GFT mainly draws on data for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), as many high-income countries (HICs) do not collect suitable data for such calculations. Despite poor official data on breastfeeding practices in HICs, GFT users can input their own data from smaller-scale surveys or their best estimates. The GFT also offers the capability to estimate and compare baseline with counterfactual scenarios, such as for interventions or policy changes that improve breastfeeding practices. In conclusion, the GFT is an important innovation to quantify CMF's environmental impact and highlight the significance of breastfeeding for planetary as well as human health. Women's contributions to environmental preservation through breastfeeding should be recognized, and breastfeeding interventions and policies should be funded as legitimate carbon offsets. The GFT quantifies CMF's carbon and water footprints and facilitates financing breastfeeding support as a carbon offset initiative under CDM funding facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie P. Smith
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Crawford School of Public Policy, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Bindi Borg
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tuan T. Nguyen
- Alive & Thrive, Global Nutrition, FHI 360, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Andini Pramono
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Roger Mathisen
- Alive & Thrive, Global Nutrition, FHI 360, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Trinchese G, Feola A, Cavaliere G, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Penna E, Scala G, Greco L, Bernardo L, Porcellini A, Crispino M, Pezone A, Mollica MP. Mitochondrial metabolism and neuroinflammation in the cerebral cortex and cortical synapses of rats: effect of milk intake through DNA methylation. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 128:109624. [PMID: 38518858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Brain plasticity and cognitive functions are tightly influenced by foods or nutrients, which determine a metabolic modulation having a long-term effect on health, involving also epigenetic mechanisms. Breast milk or formula based on cow milk is the first food for human beings, who, throughout their lives, are then exposed to different types of milk. We previously demonstrated that rats fed with milk derived from distinct species, with different compositions and nutritional properties, display selective modulation of systemic metabolic and inflammatory profiles through changes of mitochondrial functions and redox state in liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle. Here, in a rat model, we demonstrated that isoenergetic supplementation of milk from cow (CM), donkey (DM) or human (HM) impacts mitochondrial functions and redox state in the brain cortex and cortical synapses, affecting neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. Interestingly, we found that the administration of different milk modulates DNA methylation in rat brain cortex and consequently affects gene expression. Our results emphasize the importance of nutrition in brain and synapse physiology, and highlight the key role played in this context by mitochondria, nutrient-sensitive organelles able to orchestrate metabolic and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Greco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Bernardo
- Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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7
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Shaw C, Weimer BC, Gann R, Desai PT, Shah JD. The Yin and Yang of pathogens and probiotics: interplay between Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium and Bifidobacterium infantis during co-infection. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1387498. [PMID: 38812689 PMCID: PMC11133690 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria have been proposed as an alternative to antibiotics for the control of antimicrobial resistant enteric pathogens. The mechanistic details of this approach remain unclear, in part because pathogen reduction appears to be both strain and ecology dependent. Here we tested the ability of five probiotic strains, including some from common probiotic genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, to reduce binding of Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium to epithelial cells in vitro. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis emerged as a promising strain; however, S. Typhimurium infection outcome in epithelial cells was dependent on inoculation order, with B. infantis unable to rescue host cells from preceding or concurrent infection. We further investigated the complex mechanisms underlying this interaction between B. infantis, S. Typhimurium, and epithelial cells using a multi-omics approach that included gene expression and altered metabolism via metabolomics. Incubation with B. infantis repressed apoptotic pathways and induced anti-inflammatory cascades in epithelial cells. In contrast, co-incubation with B. infantis increased in S. Typhimurium the expression of virulence factors, induced anaerobic metabolism, and repressed components of arginine metabolism as well as altering the metabolic profile. Concurrent application of the probiotic and pathogen notably generated metabolic profiles more similar to that of the probiotic alone than to the pathogen, indicating a central role for metabolism in modulating probiotic-pathogen-host interactions. Together these data imply crosstalk via small molecules between the epithelial cells, pathogen and probiotic that consistently demonstrated unique molecular mechanisms specific probiotic/pathogen the individual associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart C. Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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8
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Hodgson E, Briatico D, Klapman S, Skarsgard E, Beltempo M, Shah PS, Huisman E, Walton JM, Livingston MH. Association of Exclusive Breast Milk Intake and Outcomes in Infants With Uncomplicated Gastroschisis: A National Cohort Study. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:863-868. [PMID: 38413262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteral feeding is an essential part of the management of infants with gastroschisis. We hypothesized that exclusive breast milk is associated with improved neonatal outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of infants with uncomplicated gastroschisis through the Canadian Pediatric Surgery Network (CAPSNet) and Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN). The primary outcome was time to full enteral feeds. RESULTS We identified 411 infants with gastroschisis treated at CAPSNet centres from 2014 to 2022. 144 patients were excluded due to gestational age <32 weeks, birth weight <1500 g, other congenital anomalies, or complicated gastroschisis. Of the remaining 267 participants, 78% (n = 209) received exclusive breast milk diet in the first 28 days of life, whereas 22% (n = 58) received supplemental or exclusive formula. Infants who received exclusive breast milk experienced higher time to reach full enteral feeding (median 24 vs 22 days, p = 0.047) but were more likely to have undergone delayed abdominal closure (32% vs 17%, p = 0.03). After adjustment, there were no significant differences between groups in time to reach full enteral feeds, duration of parenteral nutrition, or length of stay. Infants who received supplemental or exclusive formula had a similar risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (4% vs 3%) but were less likely to transition to exclusive breast milk at discharge (73% vs 11%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Early use of exclusive breast milk in infants with uncomplicated gastroschisis is associated with similar outcomes compared to supplemental or exclusive formula. Patients who received supplemental or exclusive formula were unlikely to transition to exclusive breastfeeding by discharge. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IIb (Individual Cohort Study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hodgson
- Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Daniel Briatico
- McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sarah Klapman
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Erik Skarsgard
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marc Beltempo
- Division of Neonatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Esther Huisman
- Division of Neonatology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J Mark Walton
- McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Division of Pediatric Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael H Livingston
- McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Division of Pediatric Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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9
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Pye H. Nursing Considerations for Emergency Department Care of the Breastfeeding Dyad. J Emerg Nurs 2024; 50:324-329. [PMID: 38456865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Although postpartum dyads frequently present to the emergency department, treatment of the lactating parent and breastfeeding child is often driven by medical misconceptions. Incorrect advice about continuation or cessation of breastfeeding for medical reasons can lead to maternal and infant harm. In lactation, demand begets supply; missing a feed can be detrimental to short- and long-term breastfeeding outcomes. The purpose of this Clinical Nurses Forum article is to argue the importance of appropriate care of the breastfeeding dyad in the emergency department setting and to interpret current evidence-based information on lactation for the emergency staff nurse. High-quality care for the breastfeeding dyad requires knowledge of lactation physiology, contraindications for breastfeeding, and safe medications and diagnostic procedures. The well-informed emergency nurse must advocate for evidence-based care of the breastfeeding dyad within the emergency department.
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Jones JM, Reinke SN, Mousavi-Derazmahalleh M, Garssen J, Jenmalm MC, Srinivasjois R, Silva D, Keelan J, Prescott SL, Palmer DJ, Christophersen CT. Maternal prebiotic supplementation during pregnancy and lactation modifies the microbiome and short chain fatty acid profile of both mother and infant. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:969-980. [PMID: 38452522 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Improving maternal gut health in pregnancy and lactation is a potential strategy to improve immune and metabolic health in offspring and curtail the rising rates of inflammatory diseases linked to alterations in gut microbiota. Here, we investigate the effects of a maternal prebiotic supplement (galacto-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides), ingested daily from <21 weeks' gestation to six months' post-partum, in a double-blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial. METHODS Stool samples were collected at multiple timepoints from 74 mother-infant pairs as part of a larger, double-blinded, randomised controlled allergy intervention trial. The participants were randomised to one of two groups; with one group receiving 14.2 g per day of prebiotic powder (galacto-oligosaccharides GOS and fructo-oligosaccharides FOS in ratio 9:1), and the other receiving a placebo powder consisting of 8.7 g per day of maltodextrin. The faecal microbiota of both mother and infants were assessed based on the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) sequences, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in stool. RESULTS Significant differences in the maternal microbiota profiles between baseline and either 28-weeks' or 36-weeks' gestation were found in the prebiotic supplemented women. Infant microbial beta-diversity also significantly differed between prebiotic and placebo groups at 12-months of age. Supplementation was associated with increased abundance of commensal Bifidobacteria in the maternal microbiota, and a reduction in the abundance of Negativicutes in both maternal and infant microbiota. There were also changes in SCFA concentrations with maternal prebiotics supplementation, including significant differences in acetic acid concentration between intervention and control groups from 20 to 28-weeks' gestation. CONCLUSION Maternal prebiotic supplementation of 14.2 g per day GOS/FOS was found to favourably modify both the maternal and the developing infant gut microbiome. These results build on our understanding of the importance of maternal diet during pregnancy, and indicate that it is possible to intervene and modify the development of the infant microbiome by dietary modulation of the maternal gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn M Jones
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; The Western Australian Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Stacey N Reinke
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Mahsa Mousavi-Derazmahalleh
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ravisha Srinivasjois
- Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Desiree Silva
- Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Keelan
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Susan L Prescott
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Immunology and Dermatology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Debra J Palmer
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Claus T Christophersen
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; The Western Australian Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6027, Australia; Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
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11
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Srichalerm T, Jacelon CS, Sibeko L, Granger J, Briere CE. Thai novice nurses' lived experiences and perspectives of breastfeeding and human milk in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Int Breastfeed J 2024; 19:20. [PMID: 38509594 PMCID: PMC10956329 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-024-00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding and human milk have well-documented health benefits for newborn infants, particularly those who are sick. However, breastfeeding rates and human milk feeding among infants in neonatal intensive units (NICU) in Thailand are still low; thus, breastfeeding promotion and support are required for Thai mothers of premature infants. Newly graduated nurses can play a critical role within the healthcare support system and can have a significant impact on improving breastfeeding practices in the NICU. The objective of this study was to investigate the lived experiences and perspectives of Thai novice nurses on supporting breastfeeding and human milk feeding in the NICU. METHODS The study was conducted between March 2021 and May 2022 at three medical centers in the central region of Thailand. This study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach to explore Thai novice nurses' experiences and perspectives on breastfeeding. Purposive sampling was used to invite Thai novice nurses who have work experience in providing breastfeeding support to NICU mothers and their infants to participate in online interviews using a video conference platform (Zoom). Semi-structured questions were used to interview study participants in their native language. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of data analysis to identify emergent themes. Member checks, peer debriefing, and self-reflection were applied to ensure the validity and trustworthiness of the study results. Back-translation was also used as a quality and accuracy assurance. RESULTS A total of thirteen novice nurses agreed to participate in the study. All were female, and their ages ranged from 21 to 24 years old at the time of the interview. The researchers identified five major themes related to the overall study objectives and research questions. They are: positive attitude toward breastfeeding and human milk, facing breastfeeding challenges at work, self-confidence rooted in experience, professional skill needs, and requiring further support. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that breastfeeding education plays a vital role in encouraging new nurses to provide breastfeeding support to mothers of preterm infants. Establishing breastfeeding support training and innovative learning strategies can be crucial in developing appropriate breastfeeding practice guidelines and policies to support Thai breastfeeding mothers in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tippawan Srichalerm
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cynthia S Jacelon
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lindiwe Sibeko
- School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jumpee Granger
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Carrie-Ellen Briere
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Institute for Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT, USA.
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12
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Goryunov K, Ivanov M, Kulikov A, Shevtsova Y, Burov A, Podurovskaya Y, Zubkov V, Degtyarev D, Sukhikh G, Silachev D. A Review of the Use of Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Neonatal Diseases: Current State and Problems with Translation to the Clinic. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2879. [PMID: 38474125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal disorders, particularly those resulting from prematurity, pose a major challenge in health care and have a significant impact on infant mortality and long-term child health. The limitations of current therapeutic strategies emphasize the need for innovative treatments. New cell-free technologies utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a compelling opportunity for neonatal therapy by harnessing the inherent regenerative capabilities of EVs. These nanoscale particles, secreted by a variety of organisms including animals, bacteria, fungi and plants, contain a repertoire of bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the therapeutic effects of EVs and mechanistic insights into EVs from stem cells, biological fluids and non-animal sources, with a focus on common neonatal conditions such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotizing enterocolitis. This review summarizes evidence for the therapeutic potential of EVs, analyzes evidence of their mechanisms of action and discusses the challenges associated with the implementation of EV-based therapies in neonatal clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Goryunov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ivanov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Andrey Kulikov
- Medical Institute, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Yulia Shevtsova
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Artem Burov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Yulia Podurovskaya
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Victor Zubkov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Dmitry Degtyarev
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Denis Silachev
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117198, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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13
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Liao CC, Chien CH, Hsu TJ, Li JM. Advancing breastfeeding promotion: leveraging integrative natural galactagogues and unveiling their potential roles-Insights from a 19-year Taiwan nationwide registry to address lactation insufficiency in postpartum women. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1293735. [PMID: 38371501 PMCID: PMC10869601 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1293735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lactation insufficiency is a prevalent challenge for nursing mothers globally. There is a growing interest in the use of herbal galactagogues for enhancing lactation, but their therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms need thorough investigation. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of herbal galactagogues in addressing lactation insufficiency by utilizing real-world data and employing a network analysis approach. Methods Our retrospective study used Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000) to identify 490 patients diagnosed with lactation insufficiency from 2000 to 2018. We analyzed demographic characteristics, co-existing diseases, and prescription patterns for both users and non-users of Chinese herbal products (CHP). Additionally, we utilized a network analysis approach to explore potential compounds and targets in the most frequently used CHP, the Wang Bu Liu Xing and Lu Lu Tong herb pair (WLHP) combination. Results Out of 490 patients, 81% were CHP users. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between CHP users and non-users, but we observed a notable divergence in the prevalence of co-existing diseases. A detailed examination of CHP prescriptions revealed the predominance of WLHP, prompting further investigation. Comprehensive analysis identified 29 major compounds in WLHP, which were associated with 215 unique targets. Intersection analysis revealed 101 overlapping targets between WLHP and lactation, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets for lactation insufficiency treatment. Topological analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network identified 13 hub genes potentially crucial for the therapeutic effect of WLHP. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these targets were involved in critical lactation regulation pathways, including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, prolactin signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway. Discussion This study emphasizes the potential of CHP, specifically the WLHP combination, in managing lactation insufficiency. The multi-compound, multi-target approach of WLHP and its interaction with key biological processes and signaling pathways offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic effects. These findings warrant further experimental validation and can guide future research and clinical applications of CHP in lactation insufficiency treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chih Liao
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chuyuan Chinese Medicine Clinic, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Chien
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Hsu
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Miao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Singh P, Jawdekar A. Associations between nonnutritive sucking habits, developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3-6-year-old Indian urban children: A case-control study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2024; 42:46-51. [PMID: 38616426 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_559_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritive sucking and nonnutritive sucking (NNS) may affect the craniofacial development, differently. AIM AND OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between NNS habits (NNSHs), developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3-6-year-old children. METHODOLOGY A sample of 350 children 3-6-year-old from various preschools were selected for this case-control study (94 with NNSH and 256 without NNSH). NNSH (outcome) and feeding practices and developing malocclusions (exposures) were assessed using a structured study tool. RESULTS The prevalence of NNSH in 3-6-year-old children was 26.8%. The odds (95% [confidence interval (CI)]) of boys compared to girls having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4121-1.706) (P = 0.0290). The overall prevalence of developing malocclusion in 3-6-year-old children was 34.01% out of which open bite was most commonly reported with 12.57% followed by spacing 8.5%, increased overjet 6.8%, crowding 2.2%, posterior crossbite and rotation 1.4%, and overbite 1.14%. Breastfeeding was found to be the most commonly used mode of feeding reported by 53.42% of mothers. It was found that the odds (95% [CI]) of subjects having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4694-0.9460) (P < 0.0001) who were not breastfed as compared to those who were breastfed. Among developing malocclusions, increased overjet with P = 0.0019, open bite with P = 0.0416, and spacing with P = 0.0243 were found to be associated with feeding practices. CONCLUSION The prevalence of NNSH and developing malocclusions (increased overjet, open bite, and spacing) was 26.8% and 34.01%, respectively. Breastfeeding played a protective role against developing NNSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Departments of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Vahkal B, Altosaar I, Tremblay E, Gagné D, Hüttman N, Minic Z, Côté M, Blais A, Beaulieu J, Ferretti E. Gestational age at birth influences protein and RNA content in human milk extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e128. [PMID: 38938674 PMCID: PMC11080785 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Human milk extracellular vesicles (HM EVs) are proposed to protect against disease development in infants. This protection could in part be facilitated by the bioactive EV cargo of proteins and RNA. Notably, mothers birth infants of different gestational ages with unique needs, wherein the EV cargo of HM may diverge. We collected HM from lactating mothers within two weeks of a term or preterm birth. Following purification of EVs, proteins and mRNA were extracted for proteomics and sequencing analyses, respectively. Over 2000 protein groups were identified, and over 8000 genes were quantified. The total number of proteins and mRNA did not differ significantly between the two conditions, while functional bioinformatics of differentially expressed cargo indicated enrichment in immunoregulatory cargo for preterm HM EVs. In term HM EVs, significantly upregulated cargo was enriched in metabolism-related functions. Based on gene expression signatures from HM-contained single cell sequencing data, we proposed that a larger portion of preterm HM EVs are secreted by immune cells, whereas term HM EVs contain more signatures of lactocyte epithelial cells. Proposed differences in EV cargo could indicate variation in mother's milk based on infants' gestational age and provide basis for further functional characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Vahkal
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- uOttawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationOttawaCanada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyOttawaCanada
| | - Illimar Altosaar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Eric Tremblay
- Department of Immunology and Cell BiologyUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeCanada
| | - David Gagné
- Department of Immunology and Cell BiologyUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeCanada
| | - Nico Hüttman
- Faculty of Science, John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry FacilityUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Zoran Minic
- Faculty of Science, John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry FacilityUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- uOttawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationOttawaCanada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyOttawaCanada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- uOttawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationOttawaCanada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyOttawaCanada
- Brain and Mind InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular DiseaseOttawaCanada
| | | | - Emanuela Ferretti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaCanada
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16
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Whitham D, Bruno P, Haaker N, Arcaro KF, Pentecost BT, Darie CC. Deciphering a proteomic signature for the early detection of breast cancer from breast milk: the role of quantitative proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:81-98. [PMID: 38376826 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2320158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women in the United States. Current research regarding breast milk has been focused on the composition and its role in infant growth and development. There is little information about the proteins, immune cells, and epithelial cells present in breast milk which can be indicative of the emergence of BC cells and tumors. AREAS COVERED We summarize all breast milk studies previously done in our group using proteomics. These studies include 1D-PAGE and 2D-PAGE analysis of breast milk samples, which include within woman and across woman comparisons to identify dysregulated proteins in breast milk and the roles of these proteins in both the development of BC and its diagnosis. Our projected outlook for the use of milk for cancer detection is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Analyzing the samples by multiple methods allows one to interrogate a set of samples with various biochemical methods that complement each other, thus providing a more comprehensive proteome. Complementing methods like 1D-PAGE, 2D-PAGE, in-solution digestion and proteomics analysis with PTM-omics, peptidomics, degradomics, or interactomics will provide a better understanding of the dysregulated proteins, but also the modifications or interactions between these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Whitham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Pathea Bruno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Norman Haaker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen F Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Brian T Pentecost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
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17
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Luo F, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhou P. Nutritional and health effects of bovine colostrum in neonates. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad145. [PMID: 38052234 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of immunoglobulins, bioactive peptides, and growth factors are found in bovine colostrum (BC), the milk produced by cows in the first few days after parturition. Various biological functions make it increasingly used to provide nutritional support and immune protection to the offspring of many species, including humans. These biological functions include cell growth stimulation, anti-infection, and immunomodulation. The primary components and biological functions of colostrum were reviewed in the literature, and the authors also looked at its latent effects on the growth and development of neonates as well as on conditions such as infections, necrotizing enterocolitis, short bowel syndrome, and feeding intolerance. The importance of BC in neonatal nutrition, immune support, growth and development, and gut health has been demonstrated in a number of experimental and animal studies. BC has also been shown to be safe at low doses without adverse effects in newborns. BC supplementation has been shown to be efficient in preventing several disorders, including rotavirus diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis in animal models of prematurity and some newborn studies. Therefore, BC supplementation should be considered in cases where maternal milk is insufficient or donor milk is unavailable. The optimal age, timing, dosage, and form of BC administration still require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmei Luo
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan University-Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan University-Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan University-Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Anyim R, Li S, Armstrong D, Spathis R, Wander K. Associations between milk cortisol and activity of the immune system of milk. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23960. [PMID: 37485918 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both the immune system of human milk and milk cortisol have complex short- and long-term effects on child health and development. As understanding continues to grow of the independent effects of each of these components of milk, it is also important to investigate their intersection, including how milk cortisol affects the immune system of milk. We began this important endeavor through secondary analyses of archived milk specimens. METHODS Participants were 31 lactating mothers from upstate New York. We estimated milk cortisol concentrations via enzyme immunoassay. We assessed milk proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6, IL-6) responses to pathogenic (Salmonella) and commensal (Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) bacteria via in vitro stimulation. We estimated ordered logistic regression models to assess associations between milk cortisol and IL-6 responses to bacteria. RESULTS Milk cortisol ranged from 0.098 to 1.007 μg/dL. Milk cortisol was positively associated with IL-6 responses to S. enterica (B: 4.035; 95% CI: 0.674, 7.395) and B. breve (B: 3.675; 95% CI: 0.426, 6.924); this association persisted after controlling for child age. Results were less clear for associations between milk cortisol and IL-6 responses to L. acidophilus (B: 2.318; 95% CI: -1.224, 5.859) and E. coli (B: 2.366; 95% CI: -0.960, 5.692). CONCLUSIONS Complex interactions between cortisol and the immune system extend to milk. Milk cortisol was positively associated with proinflammatory responses to some bacteria in vitro. This may suggest that milk cortisol is causally upstream of protective immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Anyim
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Shanita Li
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Armstrong
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Rita Spathis
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Katherine Wander
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
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Gupta T, Najumuddin, Rajendran D, Gujral A, Jangra A. Metabolism configures immune response across multi-systems: Lessons from COVID-19. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 90:100977. [PMID: 37690286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies over the last decade demonstrate the recruitment of immune cells, increased inflammatory cytokines, and chemokine in patients with metabolic diseases, including heart failure, parenchymal inflammation, obesity, tuberculosis, and diabetes mellitus. Metabolic rewiring of immune cells is associated with the severity and prevalence of these diseases. The risk of developing COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection increases in patients with metabolic dysfunction (heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity). Several etiologies, including fatigue, dyspnea, and dizziness, persist even months after COVID-19 infection, commonly known as Post-Acute Sequelae of CoV-2 (PASC) or long COVID. A chronic inflammatory state and metabolic dysfunction are the factors that contribute to long COVID. Here, this study explores the potential link between pathogenic metabolic and immune alterations across different organ systems that could underlie COVID-19 and PASC. These interactions could be utilized for targeted future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinku Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Najumuddin
- Program of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dhanya Rajendran
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Akash Gujral
- Department of Medicine, Nyu Grossman School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India.
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20
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Sabino J, Tarassishin L, Eisele C, Hawkins K, Barré A, Nair N, Rendon A, Debebe A, Picker M, Agrawal M, Stone J, George J, Legnani P, Maser E, Chen CL, Thjømøe A, Mørk E, Dubinsky M, Hu J, Colombel JF, Peter I, Torres J. Influence of Early Life Factors, including breast milk Composition, on the Microbiome of Infants Born to Mothers with and without Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1723-1732. [PMID: 37279927 PMCID: PMC10673817 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Herein we analysed the influence of early life factors, including breast milk composition, on the development of the intestinal microbiota of infants born to mothers with and without IBD. METHODS The MECONIUM [Exploring MEChanisms Of disease traNsmission In Utero through the Microbiome] study is a prospective cohort study consisting of pregnant women with or without IBD and their infants. Longitudinal stool samples were collected from babies and analysed using 16s rRNA sequencing and faecal calprotectin. Breast milk proteomics was profiled using Olink inflammation panel. RESULTS We analysed gut microbiota of 1034 faecal samples from 294 infants [80 born to mothers with and 214 to mothers without IBD]. Alpha diversity was driven by maternal IBD status and time point. The major influencers of the overall composition of the microbiota were mode of delivery, feeding, and maternal IBD status. Specific taxa were associated with these exposures, and maternal IBD was associated with a reduction in Bifidobacterium. In 312 breast milk samples [91 from mothers with IBD], mothers with IBD displayed lower abundance of proteins involved in immune regulation, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-12 subunit beta, tumour necrosis factor-beta, and C-C motif chemokine 20, as compared with control mothers [adjusted p = 0.0016, 0.049, 0.049, and 0.049, respectively], with negative correlations with baby´s calprotectin, and microbiome at different time points. CONCLUSION Maternal IBD diagnosis influences microbiota in their offspring during early life. The proteomic profile of breast milk of women with IBD differs from that of women without IBD, with distinct time-dependent associations with baby's gut microbiome and feacal calprotectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Sabino
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leonid Tarassishin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Eisele
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
- College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Hawkins
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amelie Barré
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nile Nair
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexa Rendon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anketse Debebe
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mellissa Picker
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Molecular Prediction of IBD [PREDICT], Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Joanne Stone
- Gastroenterology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - James George
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Legnani
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elana Maser
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ching-Lynn Chen
- Gastroenterology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Marla Dubinsky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna Torres
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Gastroenterology Division, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
- Gastroenterology Division, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Filatava EJ, Liu Z, Xie J, Tran DB, Chen K, El Habbal N, Weinstock G, Zhou Y, Gregory KE. The preterm human milk microbiota fluctuates by postpartum week and is characterized by gestational age and maternal BMI. mBio 2023; 14:e0210623. [PMID: 37975676 PMCID: PMC10746270 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02106-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite a growing recognition that the type of nutrition received by preterm infants influences their intestinal microbiome and health outcomes, the microbiota of mother's own milk (MOM), pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM), and infant formula remain poorly characterized. In our study, we found that the structure of microbial communities, bacterial diversity, and relative abundances of specific genera were significantly different between MOM, PDHM, and formula. Additionally, our results suggest that the microbiota of MOM changes as a function of time and maternal factors. Lastly, we identified three lactotypes within MOM that have distinct microbial compositions and described the maternal factors associated with them. These findings set the stage for future research aimed at advancing our knowledge of the microbiota of preterm infant nutrition and the specific influence it may have on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongmao Liu
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Kun Chen
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Yanjiao Zhou
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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22
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Schraw JM, Petridou ET, Bonaventure A, Dockerty JD, Karalexi M, Ntzani E, Infante-Rivard C, Clavel J, Bracci PM, McKean-Cowdin R, Roman E, Kane E, Erdmann F, Schüz J, Mueller BA, Scheurer ME. Breastfeeding and risk of childhood brain tumors: a report from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:1005-1015. [PMID: 37421504 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies report mixed findings regarding the association of breastfeeding with childhood brain tumors (CBT), the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in young people. Our objective was to determine whether breastfeeding is associated with CBT incidence. METHODS We pooled data on N = 2610 cases with CBT (including 697 cases with astrocytoma, 447 cases with medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor [PNET], 167 cases with ependymoma) and N = 8128 age- and sex-matched controls in the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium. We computed unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CBT, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma/PNET, and ependymoma according to breastfeeding status, adjusting for study, sex, mode of delivery, birthweight, age at diagnosis/interview, maternal age at delivery, maternal educational attainment, and maternal race/ethnicity. We evaluated any breastfeeding versus none and breastfeeding ≥ 6 months versus none. We subsequently performed random effects meta-analysis to confirm our findings, identify potential sources of heterogeneity, and evaluate for outliers or influential studies. RESULTS Breastfeeding was reported by 64.8% of control mothers and 64.5% of case mothers and was not associated with CBT (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.94-1.15), astrocytoma (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.87-1.17), medulloblastoma/PNET (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.93-1.32), or ependymoma (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.81-1.40). Results were similar when we restricted to breastfeeding ≥ 6 months and in meta-analyses. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that breastfeeding does not protect against CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Schraw
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Eleni Th Petridou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece
| | - Audrey Bonaventure
- UMR-1153, CRESS, Université de Paris, INSERM, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team, Villejuif, France
| | - John D Dockerty
- Department of Preventative and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Maria Karalexi
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Ntzani
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Claire Infante-Rivard
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- UMR-1153, CRESS, Université de Paris, INSERM, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team, Villejuif, France
- National Registry of Childhood Cancers, APHP, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, and CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Hellen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Eve Roman
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Eleanor Kane
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Friederike Erdmann
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Beth A Mueller
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Tsuge M, Uda K, Eitoku T, Matsumoto N, Yorifuji T, Tsukahara H. Roles of Oxidative Injury and Nitric Oxide System Derangements in Kawasaki Disease Pathogenesis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15450. [PMID: 37895129 PMCID: PMC10607378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile vasculitis that occurs mostly in children younger than five years. KD involves multiple intricately connected inflammatory reactions activated by a cytokine cascade. Despite therapeutic advances, coronary artery damage may develop in some patients, who will be at risk of clinical cardiovascular events and even sudden death. The etiology of KD remains unclear; however, it may involve both genetic and environmental factors leading to aberrant inflammatory responses. Given the young age of onset, prenatal or perinatal exposure may be etiologically relevant. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, a post-infectious hyper-inflammatory disorder associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has features that overlap with those of KD. Available evidence indicates that vascular endothelial dysfunction is a critical step in the sequence of events leading to the development of cardiovascular lesions in KD. Oxidative stress and the dysregulation of the nitric oxide (NO) system contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses related to this disease. This review provides current evidence and concepts highlighting the adverse effects of oxidative injury and NO system derangements on the initiation and progression of KD and potential therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular pathologies in affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Tsuge
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
| | - Kazuhiro Uda
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
| | - Takahiro Eitoku
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan;
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (N.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (N.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
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24
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Zhao S, Lok KYW, Sin ZY, Peng Y, Fan HSL, Nagesh N, Choi MSL, Kwok JYY, Choi EPH, Zhang X, Wai HKF, Tsang LCH, Cheng SSM, Wong MKL, Zhu J, Mok CKP, Ng SC, Chan FKL, Peiris M, Poon LLM, Tun HM. COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-mediated antibodies in human breast milk and their association with breast milk microbiota composition. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:151. [PMID: 37798293 PMCID: PMC10556030 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborns can acquire immunological protection to SARS-CoV-2 through vaccine-conferred antibodies in human breast milk. However, there are some concerns around lactating mothers with regards to potential short- and long-term adverse events and vaccine-induced changes to their breast milk microbiome composition, which helps shape the early-life microbiome. Thus, we sought to explore if SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine could change breast milk microbiota and how the changes impact the levels of antibodies in breast milk. We recruited 49 lactating mothers from Hong Kong who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine between June 2021 and August 2021. Breast milk samples were self-collected by participants pre-vaccination, one week post-first dose, one week post-second dose, and one month post-second dose. The levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in breast milk peaked at one week post-second dose. Subsequently, the levels of both antibodies rapidly waned in breast milk, with IgA levels returning to baseline levels one month post-second dose. The richness and composition of human breast milk microbiota changed dynamically throughout the vaccination regimen, but the abundances of beneficial microbes such as Bifidobacterium species did not significantly change after vaccination. Additionally, we found that baseline breast milk bacterial composition can predict spike-specific IgA levels at one week post-second dose (Area Under Curve: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.85). Taken together, our results identified specific breast milk microbiota markers associated with high levels of IgA in the breast milk following BNT162b2 vaccine. Furthermore, in lactating mothers, BNT162b2 vaccines did not significantly reduce probiotic species in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhao
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kris Y W Lok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhen Y Sin
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heidi S L Fan
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nitya Nagesh
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martha S L Choi
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jojo Y Y Kwok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmond P H Choi
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hogan Kok-Fung Wai
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo C H Tsang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel S M Cheng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Jie Zhu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chris K P Mok
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hein M Tun
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China.
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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25
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Ruan JW, Liao YC, Chen PC, Chen YJ, Tsai YH, Tsai PJ, Yang YJ, Shieh CC, Lin YC, Chi CY. The composition of the maternal breastmilk microbiota influences the microbiota network structure during early infancy. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:1084-1097. [PMID: 37544808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE(S) Human breastmilk (BM) is important for microbiome maturation in infants across different body sites. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are considered universally predominant genera in the BM microbiota. However, whether the differential abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus in BM can differentially affect microbiome maturation in infants remains unclear. METHODS We recruited exclusively breastfeeding mothers from among the donors of the human milk bank established at National Cheng-Kung University Hospital. The donor mothers provided 35 BM samples at three months (3 M; before introducing children to complementary feeding) and 23 BM samples at six months (6 M; after introducing children to complementary feeding) postpartum. At both time points, samples from different body sites, including nasal swabs, oral swabs and stool, were collected from the mothers and their infants. RESULTS Maternal BMI was inversely associated with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) abundance in breastmilk. Staphylococcus caprae representation in BM CoNS showed a negative correlation with Streptococcus abundance. Network analysis revealed that infants fed Staphylococcus-dominated BM had better gut and nasal microbiota networks than infants fed Streptococcus-abundant BM during early infancy. CONCLUSION Our work suggests that maternal metabolic status plays a crucial role in Staphylococcus/Streptococcus competition in BM, which in turn can impact the development of the infant microbiota. Our microbiota co-occurrence network analysis might serve as a helpful bioinformatic tool to monitor microbiota maturation during early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhen-Wei Ruan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chen Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsiu Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Jong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Shieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yu Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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26
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Jones NK, Thu TNH, de Alwis R, Thompson C, Tuyen HT, Nhu TDH, Phat VV, Trung PD, Lam PK, Tien BTT, Tuyet HTD, Vi LL, Van Vinh Chau N, Le Thi Quynh N, Baker S. The seroincidence of childhood Shigella sonnei infection in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011728. [PMID: 37903147 PMCID: PMC10635567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shigella sonnei is a pathogen of growing global importance as a cause of diarrhoeal illness in childhood, particularly in transitional low-middle income countries (LMICs). Here, we sought to determine the incidence of childhood exposure to S. sonnei infection in a contemporary transitional LMIC population, where it represents the dominant Shigella species. METHODS Participants were enrolled between the age of 12-36 months between June and December 2014. Baseline characteristics were obtained through standardized electronic questionnaires, and serum samples were collected at 6-month intervals over two years of follow-up. IgG antibody against S. sonnei O-antigen (anti-O) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A four-fold increase in ELISA units (EU) with convalescent IgG titre >10.3 EU was taken as evidence of seroconversion between timepoints. RESULTS A total of 3,498 serum samples were collected from 748 participants; 3,170 from the 634 participants that completed follow-up. Measures of anti-O IgG varied significantly by calendar month (p = 0.03). Estimated S. sonnei seroincidence was 21,451 infections per 100,000 population per year (95% CI 19,307-23,834), with peak incidence occurring at 12-18 months of age. Three baseline factors were independently associated with the likelihood of seroconversion; ever having breastfed (aOR 2.54, CI 1.22-5.26), history of prior hospital admission (aOR 0.57, CI 0.34-0.95), and use of a toilet spray-wash in the household (aOR 0.42, CI 0.20-0.89). CONCLUSIONS Incidence of S. sonnei exposure in Ho Chi Minh City is substantial, with significant reduction in the likelihood of exposure as age increases beyond 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick K. Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Corinne Thompson
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thanh Tuyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Voong Vinh Phat
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Duc Trung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phung Khanh Lam
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Lu Lan Vi
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Nhi Le Thi Quynh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Stephen Baker
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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27
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Mollova D, Gozmanova M, Apostolova E, Yahubyan G, Iliev I, Baev V. Illuminating the Genomic Landscape of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PU3-A Novel Probiotic Strain Isolated from Human Breast Milk, Explored through Nanopore Sequencing. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2440. [PMID: 37894099 PMCID: PMC10609609 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum stands out as a remarkably diverse species of lactic acid bacteria, occupying a myriad of ecological niches. Particularly noteworthy is its presence in human breast milk, which can serve as a reservoir of probiotic bacteria, contributing significantly to the establishment and constitution of infant gut microbiota. In light of this, our study attempted to conduct an initial investigation encompassing both genomic and phenotypic aspects of the L. plantarum PU3 strain, that holds potential as a probiotic agent. By employing the cutting-edge third-generation Nanopore sequencing technology, L. plantarum PU3 revealed a circular chromosome of 3,180,940 bp and nine plasmids of various lengths. The L. plantarum PU3 genome has a total of 2962 protein-coding and non-coding genes. Our in-depth investigations revealed more than 150 probiotic gene markers that unfold the genetic determinants for acid tolerance, bile resistance, adhesion, and oxidative and osmotic stress. The in vivo analysis showed the strain's proficiency in utilizing various carbohydrates as growth substrates, complementing the in silico analysis of the genes involved in metabolic pathways. Notably, the strain demonstrated a pronounced affinity for D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, and D-Gluconic acid, among other carbohydrate sources. The in vitro experimental verification of acid, osmotic and bile tolerance validated the robustness of the strain in challenging environments. Encouragingly, no virulence factors were detected in the genome of PU3, suggesting its safety profile. In search of beneficial properties, we found potential bacteriocin biosynthesis clusters, suggesting its capability for antimicrobial activity. The characteristics exhibited by L. plantarum PU3 pave the way for promising strain potential, warranting further investigations to unlock its full capacity and contributions to probiotic and therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mollova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Mariyana Gozmanova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Elena Apostolova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Galina Yahubyan
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Ilia Iliev
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Vesselin Baev
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
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28
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Kumar J, Meena J, Ranjan A, Kumar P. Oropharyngeal application of colostrum or mother's own milk in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1254-1266. [PMID: 36718589 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Many preterm neonates often cannot be fed enterally and hence do not receive the benefits of colostrum. Oropharyngeal application of colostrum is a novel way of harnessing the immunological benefits of colostrum. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of this approach have shown variable results. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize available data on the effect of oropharyngeal application of colostrum or mother's own milk (CMOM) in preterm infants. DATA SOURCES Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were searched until January 13, 2022. Only RCTs comparing oral application of CMOM with placebo/routine care in preterm infants were eligible. Studies enrolling term neonates or administering enteral feeds were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently extracted data using a structured proforma. DATA ANALYSIS The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess bias. Random-effects meta-analysis was undertaken using RevMan 5.4 software. From 2787 records identified, 17 RCTs enrolling 4106 preterm infants were included. There was no significant difference between groups in incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) stage 2 or higher (RR = 0.65; 95%CI, 0.36-1.20; 1089 participants in 12 trials). Application of CMOM significantly reduced the incidence of sepsis (RR = 0.72; 95%CI, 0.56-0.92; 1511 participants in 15 studies) and any stage of NEC (RR = 0.58; 95%CI, 0.37-0.92; 1616 participants in 16 trials). The CMOM group achieved full enteral feeds 1.75 days sooner (95%CI, 0.3-3.2 days; 1580 participants in 14 studies) and had higher weight at discharge (MD = 43.9 g; 95%CI, 3-85 g; 569 participants in 3 studies). There were no statistically significant differences in other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Evidence with low to very low certainty suggests CMOM has a beneficial effect on NEC (any stage), sepsis, and time to full enteral feeds. Given its low cost and minimal risk of harm, routine CMOM use may be considered in preterm neonates. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021262763.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jitendra Meena
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankit Ranjan
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Kigel A, Vanetik S, Mangel L, Friedman G, Nozik C, Terracina C, Taussig D, Dror Y, Samra H, Mandel D, Lubetzky R, Wine Y. Maternal Immunization During the Second Trimester with BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Induces a Robust IgA Response in Human Milk: A Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:572-578. [PMID: 37479184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human milk antibody response following maternal immunization with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is important for the protection of the infant during infancy. The vaccine-specific antibody response is still unclear at different stages of human milk production, as are the effects of maternal immunization timing on the robustness of the antibody response. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to assess the antibody response (IgG/IgA/IgM) during various lactation stages and identify the best vaccination timing during pregnancy. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 73 postpartum women who were administered the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine during the second or third trimester of pregnancy were recruited. Statistical comparison was conducted using 16 human milk samples from a prepandemic control group. RESULTS Excluding 11 women, the study included 62 lactating women who were administered the mRNA vaccine during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. A total of 149 samples of human milk were collected at different lactation stages. Our findings reveal that colostrum exhibits significantly higher levels of IgG (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3, 9.0; P = 0.023), IgA (95% CI: 55.98, 100.2; P = 0.0034), and IgM (95% CI: 0.03, 0.62; P < 0.0001) compared with mature milk IgG (95% CI: 0.25, 0.43), IgA (95% CI: 9.65, 13.74), IgM (95% CI: 0.03, 0.04). The timing of maternal immunization affected the antibody response. The level of IgA in mature milk was higher when immunization occurred in the second trimester (95% CI: 11.14, 19.66; P = 0.006) than in the third trimester (95% CI: 7.16, 11.49). Conversely, IgG levels in mature milk were higher when immunization occurred during the third trimester (95% CI: 0.36, 0.65; P < 0.0001) than in the second trimester (95% CI: 0.09, 0.38). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that administering the mRNA vaccine to pregnant women during the second trimester increases vaccine-specific IgA levels during lactation. Considering the significance of human milk IgA in mucosal tissues and its prevalence throughout lactation, it is reasonable to recommend maternal immunization with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine during the second trimester. This trial was registered at the Helsinki Committee of the Tel Aviv Medical Center as clinical trial number 0172-TLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kigel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Center for Combating Pandemics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Vanetik
- Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Laurence Mangel
- Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Friedman
- Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Nozik
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Camilla Terracina
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Taussig
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Dror
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Samra
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Mandel
- Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Lubetzky
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yariv Wine
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Center for Combating Pandemics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Soukka J, Polari L, Kalliomäki M, Saros L, Laajala TD, Vahlberg T, Toivola DM, Laitinen K. The Effect of a Fish Oil and/or Probiotic Intervention from Early Pregnancy Onwards on Colostrum Immune Mediators: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial in Overweight/Obese Mothers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200446. [PMID: 37326413 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Modifying the composition of colostrum by external factors may provide opportunities to improve the infant's health. Here, we evaluated how fish oil and/or probiotics supplementation modify concentrations of colostrum immune mediators and their associations with perinatal clinical factors on mothers with overweight/obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant women were randomized in a double-blind manner into four intervention groups, and the supplements were consumed daily from early pregnancy onwards. Colostrum samples were collected from 187 mothers, and 16 immune mediators were measured using bead-based immunoassays. Interventions modified colostrum composition; the fish oil+probiotics group had higher concentrations of IL-12p70 than probiotics+placebo and higher FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3L) than fish oil+placebo and probiotics+placebo (one-way analysis of variance, post-hoc Tukey's test). Although the fish oil+probiotics group had higher levels of IFNα2 compared to the fish oil+placebo group, these differences were not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Multivariate linear model revealed significant associations between several immune mediators and the perinatal use of medication. CONCLUSION Fish oil/probiotics intervention exerted a minor effect on concentrations of colostrum immune mediators. However, medication during the perinatal period modulated the immune mediators. These changes in colostrum's composition may contribute to immune system development in the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Soukka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Lauri Polari
- Department of Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Marko Kalliomäki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
| | - Lotta Saros
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Teemu D Laajala
- Biomathematics Research Group, Fican West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Diana M Toivola
- Department of Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
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Ware J, McElhinney K, Latham T, Lane A, Dienger-Stambaugh K, Hildeman D, Spearman P, Ware RE. Sustained and Boosted Antibody Responses in Breast Milk After Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. Breastfeed Med 2023; 18:612-620. [PMID: 37615566 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Pregnant and lactating women were not included in the initial large vaccine clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID) infection. Delineating the antibody titers in serum and breast milk of lactating women is important to determine the safety and benefits of vaccination in this special population. Objective: To investigate COVID vaccinations in breastfeeding dyads and effects on lactation, the Antibody Detection of Vaccine-Induced Secretory Effects trial (ADVISE) prospectively evaluated anti-COVID antibodies in serum and breast milk after initial paired and booster vaccines. Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal surveillance cohort study of lactating women. Eligibility criteria included ≥18 years of age, currently lactating, and at enrollment either received COVID vaccination within the past 60 days or planning vaccination within 60 days. Results: Among 63 lactating mothers, COVID vaccination led to breast milk secretory IgA (sIgA) and IgG antibodies with consistent viral neutralizing activity. Milk sIgA titers increased further after second vaccination and were prolonged after a third booster dose, including women with extended breastfeeding beyond 12 months. Milk IgG antibody titers were higher and more sustained than sIgA. Antibody titers were not associated with individual dyad characteristics or vaccine manufacturer. Vaccine-induced antibodies from milk were not detected in infant circulation. Conclusions and Relevance: Maternal COVID vaccination during lactation is well tolerated and generates sustained and boosted antibody responses in breast milk. COVID-specific sIgA and IgG antibodies with neutralizing activity are found in breast milk, including boosted mothers who continue breastfeeding beyond 12 months. These data support universal COVID vaccinations for all lactating mothers, including booster immunizations during extended breastfeeding (NCT04895475).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ware
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathryn McElhinney
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Teresa Latham
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam Lane
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Krista Dienger-Stambaugh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul Spearman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Russell E Ware
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Richard RM, Maziashvili G, Tran M, Ramos I, Laxman AS, Didbaridze N. Breast Milk Conferred Immunity to Infants Against COVID-19. Cureus 2023; 15:e42075. [PMID: 37602015 PMCID: PMC10434728 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has notably impacted healthcare systems and everyday life worldwide. Regulatory authorities have approved the emergency use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines due to the rapid spread of the virus. However, during vaccination testing, pregnant and breastfeeding women were initially excluded, leading to a lack of evidence-based recommendations. When taking the COVID-19 pandemic into account, breastfeeding has emerged as a potential defense mechanism against this infection due to its numerous benefits for newborns. Human breast milk contains immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), lactoferrin, and various cells that play an inevitable role in the newborn's protection against respiratory infections and immune system development. Various studies have highlighted that the onset and severity of respiratory infections in infants can be reduced through breastfeeding, and the effects are noticeable during the first six months of life and that breast milk also has the potential to enhance mucosal immunity and promote a diverse microbiome, reducing the risk of asthma, allergies, and enteric diseases through the provision of specific antibodies and immunological factors. Researchers have indicated that breastfeeding mothers who contracted and recovered from COVID-19 or received vaccination passed protective antibodies to their infants through breast milk. Although rare cases of detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in breast milk have been reported, the virus has not been cultured from these samples, suggesting a low risk of transmission to the breastfed baby. However, further research is essential to understand the extent of protection provided by breast milk against COVID-19 and the potential effect of distinct phases of lactation. Nonetheless, the current evidence supports the benefits and safety of breastfeeding during the pandemic. With appropriate safety measures, promoting breastfeeding can contribute to the overall health and well-being of infants during the phase of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Mary Richard
- Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GEO
| | | | - Mai Tran
- Faculty of Medicine, Washington University of Health and Science, San Pedro, BLZ
| | - Isabel Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Católica de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, HND
| | | | - Nino Didbaridze
- Department of Immunology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, GEO
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Defining macrophages in the lactating murine mammary gland and human milk. Nat Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41590-023-01531-z. [PMID: 37337104 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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Bermejo-Haro MY, Camacho-Pacheco RT, Brito-Pérez Y, Mancilla-Herrera I. The hormonal physiology of immune components in breast milk and their impact on the infant immune response. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023:111956. [PMID: 37236499 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes a considerable transformation regarding the anatomy, metabolism, and immune profile that, after delivery, allows for protection and nourishment of the offspring via lactation. Pregnancy hormones are responsible for the development and functionality of the mammary gland for breast milk production, but little is known about how hormones control its immune properties. Breast milk composition is highly dynamic, adapting to the nutritional and immunological needs that the infant requires in the first months of life and is responsible for the main immune modeling of breastfed newborns. Therefore, alterations in the mechanisms that control the endocrinology of mammary gland adaptation for lactation could disturb the properties of breast milk that prepare the neonatal immune system to respond to the first immunologic challenges. In modern life, humans are chronically exposed to endocrine disruptors (EDs), which alter the endocrine physiology of mammals, affecting the composition of breast milk and hence the neonatal immune response. In this review, we provide a landscape of the possible role of hormones in the control of passive immunity transferred by breast milk and the possible effect of maternal exposure to EDs on lactation, as well as their impacts on the development of neonatal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mextli Y Bermejo-Haro
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo T Camacho-Pacheco
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Yesenia Brito-Pérez
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Ismael Mancilla-Herrera
- Infectology and Immunology Department, National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Luo G, Zhu Y, Ni D, Chen J, Zhang W, Mu W. Infant formulae - Key components, nutritional value, and new perspectives. Food Chem 2023; 424:136393. [PMID: 37210844 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the most effective strategy for meeting the nutritional demands of infants, whilst infant formulae are manufactured foods that mimic human milk and can be safely used to replace breastfeeding. In this paper, the compositional differences between human milk and other mammalian milk are reviewed, and thus nutritional profiles and compositions of standard bovine milk-based formulae as well as special formulae are discussed. Differences between breast milk and other mammalian milk in composition and content affect their digestion and absorption in infants. Characteristics and mimicking of breast milk have been intensively studied with the objective of narrowing the gap between human milk and infant formulae. The functions of the key nutritional components in infant formulae are examined. This review detailed recent developments in the formulation of different types of special infant formulae and efforts for their humanization, and summarized safety and quality control of infant formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Elbeltagi R, Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS. Cardiometabolic effects of breastfeeding on infants of diabetic mothers. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:617-631. [PMID: 37273257 PMCID: PMC10236993 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk is the best and principal nutritional source for neonates and infants. It may protect infants against many metabolic diseases, predominantly obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic and microvascular disease that affects all the body systems and all ages from intrauterine life to late adulthood. Breastfeeding protects against infant mortality and diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, diarrhoea, respiratory infections, viral and bacterial infection, eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergies, malocclusion, dental caries, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. It also protects against obesity and insulin resistance and increases intelligence and mental development. Gestational diabetes has short and long-term impacts on infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). Breast milk composition changes in mothers with gestational diabetes.
AIM To investigate the beneficial or detrimental effects of breastfeeding on the cardiometabolic health of IDM and their mothers.
METHODS We performed a database search on different engines and a thorough literature review and included 121 research published in English between January 2000 and December 15, 2022, in this review.
RESULTS Most of the literature agreed on the beneficial effects of breast milk for both the mother and the infant in the short and long terms. Breastfeeding protects mothers with gestational diabetes against obesity and type 2 DM. Despite some evidence of the protective effects of breastfeeding on IDM in the short and long term, the evidence is not strong enough due to the presence of many confounding factors and a lack of sufficient studies.
CONCLUSION We need more comprehensive research to prove these effects. Despite many obstacles that may enface mothers with gestational diabetes to start and maintain breastfeeding, every effort should be made to encourage them to breastfeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Elbeltagi
- Department of Medicine, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Department of Microbiology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
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Golubkova A, Hunter CJ. Development of the Neonatal Intestinal Barrier, Microbiome, and Susceptibility to NEC. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1247. [PMID: 37317221 PMCID: PMC10221463 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the intestinal barrier is partially dependent on host maturity and the colonization patterns of the microbiome to which it is exposed. Premature birth and stressors of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)-related support (e.g., antibiotics, steroids, etc.) can alter the host internal environment resulting in changes in the intestinal barrier. Pathogenic microbial proliferation and breach of the immature intestinal barrier are proposed to be crucial steps in the development of neonatal diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. This article will review the current literature on the intestinal barrier in the neonatal gut, the consequences of microbiome development for this defense system, and how prematurity can influence neonatal susceptibility to gastrointestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine J. Hunter
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Melekoglu E, Yılmaz B, Çevik A, Gökyıldız Sürücü Ş, Avcıbay Vurgeç B, Gözüyeşil E, Sharma H, Boyan N, Ozogul F. The Impact of the Human Milk Microbiota in the Prevention of Disease and Infant Health. Breastfeed Med 2023. [PMID: 37140562 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2022.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Human milk is recognized as an ideal food for newborns and infants owing to the presence of various nutritive factors, including healthy bacteria. Aim/Objective: This review aimed to understand the effects of human milk microbiota in both the prevention of disease and the health of infants. Methods: Data were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, clinical trial registries, Dergipark, and Türk Atıf Dizini up to February 2023 without language restrictions. Results: It is considered that the first human milk microbiota ingested by the newborn creates the initial microbiome of the gut system, which in turn influences the development and maturation of immunity. Bacteria present in human milk modulate the anti-inflammatory response by releasing certain cytokines, protecting the newborn against certain infections. Therefore, certain bacterial strains isolated from human milk could serve as potential probiotics for various therapeutic applications. Conclusions: In this review, the origin and significance of human milk bacteria have been highlighted along with certain factors influencing the composition of human milk microbiota. In addition, it also summarizes the health benefits of human milk as a protective agent against certain diseases and ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Melekoglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ayseren Çevik
- Department of Midwifery, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ebru Gözüyeşil
- Department of Midwifery, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Heena Sharma
- Food Technology Lab, Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Neslihan Boyan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Rivera-Ruiz DA, Flores-Martínez JJ, Rosales C, Herrera Montalvo LG. Constitutive Innate Immunity of Migrant and Resident Long-Nosed Bats (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) in the Drylands of Mexico. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to birds, the relationship between migration and immunity has been scarcely studied in bats. We examined how the expression of the humoral portion of the constitutive immunity varied in a bat with partial, sex-biased migration: the lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Phyllostomidae)). The lesser long-nosed bat is a nectarivorous species distributed in the arid and semi-arid regions of North and Central America. We evaluated the bacteria-killing abilities (BKAs) of the plasma of male and female lesser long-nosed bats on the Pacific coast in different periods of the year. Because adult males are resident, they were used to explore the effect of reproductive activity on BKA, and we predicted higher values in mating males (i.e., individuals presenting scrotal testicles and a fresh dorsal patch). In contrast to males, most females migrate to cactus deserts in northern Mexico during pregnancy and lactation, and then return to the dry forests of west-central Mexico to mate. We predicted that the combined effect of breeding and migration would have an adverse effect on BKA; therefore, migratory pregnant and lactating females were expected to exhibit a lower BKA than mating females in west-central Mexico. We compared the BKAs of females captured in October and December in central Mexico, and we predicted that migratory females that had recently arrived in October should exhibit a lower BKA than females captured two months later. In addition, we compared the BKAs between lactating females and young in northern Mexico and predicted lower values in recently born individuals. We found that the BKAs of males were higher in reproductive individuals than in non-reproductive individuals. We found a significant difference in the BKAs between females at the two extremes of their migratory range: the values of pregnant females in Sonora and females in December were higher than those of females captured in October. Finally, we found no difference in BKAs between lactating females and young individuals. Our findings indicate that the basal levels of the innate humoral component are heightened in mating males, that this response is reduced in females that recently returned to their mating grounds, and that the constitutive immunity of young individuals matures early, probably in anticipation of the potential to encounter pathogens during their migration to west-central Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Rivera-Ruiz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 21, San Patricio 48989, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Juan Flores-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Gerardo Herrera Montalvo
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 21, San Patricio 48989, Jalisco, Mexico
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Donovan SM, Aghaeepour N, Andres A, Azad MB, Becker M, Carlson SE, Järvinen KM, Lin W, Lönnerdal B, Slupsky CM, Steiber AL, Raiten DJ. Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 4. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117 Suppl 1:S61-S86. [PMID: 37173061 PMCID: PMC10356565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains all of the essential nutrients required by the infant within a complex matrix that enhances the bioavailability of many of those nutrients. In addition, human milk is a source of bioactive components, living cells and microbes that facilitate the transition to life outside the womb. Our ability to fully appreciate the importance of this matrix relies on the recognition of short- and long-term health benefits and, as highlighted in previous sections of this supplement, its ecology (i.e., interactions among the lactating parent and breastfed infant as well as within the context of the human milk matrix itself). Designing and interpreting studies to address this complexity depends on the availability of new tools and technologies that account for such complexity. Past efforts have often compared human milk to infant formula, which has provided some insight into the bioactivity of human milk, as a whole, or of individual milk components supplemented with formula. However, this experimental approach cannot capture the contributions of the individual components to the human milk ecology, the interaction between these components within the human milk matrix, or the significance of the matrix itself to enhance human milk bioactivity on outcomes of interest. This paper presents approaches to explore human milk as a biological system and the functional implications of that system and its components. Specifically, we discuss study design and data collection considerations and how emerging analytical technologies, bioinformatics, and systems biology approaches could be applied to advance our understanding of this critical aspect of human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Martin Becker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Raiten
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jung AM, Beitel SC, Gutenkunst SL, Billheimer D, Jahnke SA, Littau SR, White M, Hoppe-Jones C, Cherrington NJ, Burgess JL. Excretion of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and AhR activation in breastmilk among firefighters. Toxicol Sci 2023; 192:kfad017. [PMID: 36856729 PMCID: PMC10109531 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Excretion of toxicants accumulated from firefighter exposures through breastmilk represents a potential hazard. We investigated if firefighting exposures could increase the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation in excreted breastmilk. Firefighters and non-firefighters collected breastmilk samples prior to any firefighting responses (baseline) and at 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours after a structural fire (firefighters only). Five PBDE analytes (BDEs 15, 28, 47, 99, and 153) detected in at least 90% of samples were summed for analyses. The AhR in vitro DR CALUX® bioassay assessed the mixture of dioxin-like compounds and toxicity from breastmilk extracts. Baseline PBDEs and AhR response were compared between firefighters and non-firefighters. Separate linear mixed models assessed changes in sum of PBDEs and AhR response among firefighters over time and effect modification by interior or exterior response was assessed. Baseline PBDE concentrations and AhR responses did not differ between the 21 firefighters and 10 non-firefighters. There were no significant changes in sum of PBDEs or AhR response among firefighters over time post-fire, and no variation by interior or exterior response. Plots of sum of PBDEs and AhR response over time demonstrated individual variation but no consistent pattern. Currently, our novel study results do not support forgoing breastfeeding after a fire exposure. However, given study limitations and the potential hazard of accumulated toxicants from firefighter exposures excreted via breastfeeding, future studies should consider additional contaminants and measures of toxicity by which firefighting may impact maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia M Jung
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Shawn C Beitel
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Shannon L Gutenkunst
- Statistics Consulting Lab, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Dean Billheimer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
- Statistics Consulting Lab, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Sara A Jahnke
- Center for Fire, Rescue, & EMS Health Research, NDRI-USA, Leawood, Kansas 66224, USA
| | - Sally R Littau
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Mandie White
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
| | | | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Sampath V, Martinez M, Caplan M, Underwood MA, Cuna A. Necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants-A defect in the brakes? Evidence from clinical and animal studies. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:208-220. [PMID: 36804483 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect of postnatal intestinal adaptation is the establishment of symbiotic relationships with co-evolved gut microbiota. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most severe disease arising from failure in postnatal gut adaptation in premature infants. Although pathological activation of intestinal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is believed to underpin NEC pathogenesis, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We postulate that unregulated aberrant TLR activation in NEC arises from a failure in intestinal-specific mechanisms that tamponade TLR signaling (the brakes). In this review, we discussed the human and animal studies that elucidate the developmental mechanisms inhibiting TLR signaling in the postnatal intestine (establishing the brakes). We then evaluate evidence from preclinical models and human studies that point to a defect in the inhibition of TLR signaling underlying NEC. Finally, we provided a framework for the assessment of NEC risk by screening for signatures of TLR signaling and for NEC prevention by TLR-targeted therapy in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Sampath
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
| | - Maribel Martinez
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Caplan
- Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alain Cuna
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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43
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Jardine L, Schim van der Loeff I, Haq IJ, Sproat TDR. Gestational Development of the Human Immune System. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2023; 43:1-15. [PMID: 36410996 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Building an immune system is a monumental task critical to the survival of the fetus and newborn. A functional fetal immune system must complement the maternal immune system in handling in utero infection; abstain from damaging non-self-reactions that would compromise the materno-fetal interface; mobilize in response to infection and equip mucosal tissues for pathogen exposure at birth. There is growing appreciation that immune cells also have noncanonical roles in development and specifically may contribute to tissue morphogenesis. In this review we detail how hematopoietic and lymphoid organs jointly establish cellular constituents of the immune system; how these constituents are organized in 2 mucosal sites-gut and lung-where early life immune function has long-term consequences for health; and how exemplar diseases of prematurity and inborn errors of immunity reveal dominant pathways in prenatal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jardine
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Haematology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Ina Schim van der Loeff
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Iram J Haq
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D R Sproat
- Neonatal Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Richardson Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
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Kaczyńska K, Jampolska M, Wojciechowski P, Sulejczak D, Andrzejewski K, Zając D. Potential of Lactoferrin in the Treatment of Lung Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:192. [PMID: 37259341 PMCID: PMC9960651 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein that exhibits a variety of properties, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer, that can be used to treat numerous diseases. Lung diseases continue to be the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Many of the therapies currently used to treat these diseases have limited efficacy or are associated with side effects. Therefore, there is a constant pursuit for new drugs and therapies, and LF is frequently considered a therapeutic agent and/or adjunct to drug-based therapies for the treatment of lung diseases. This article focuses on a review of the existing and most up-to-date literature on the contribution of the beneficial effects of LF on the treatment of lung diseases, including asthma, viral infections, cystic fibrosis, or lung cancer, among others. Although in vitro and in vivo studies indicate significant potency of LF in the treatment of the listed diseases, only in the case of respiratory tract infections do human studies seem to confirm them by demonstrating the effectiveness of LF in reducing episodes of illness and shortening the recovery period. For lung cancer, COVID-19 and sepsis, the reports are conflicting, and for other diseases, there is a paucity of human studies conclusively confirming the beneficial effects of LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaczyńska
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Jampolska
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojciechowski
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Sulejczak
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kryspin Andrzejewski
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Zając
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Gil-Kulik P, Leśniewski M, Bieńko K, Wójcik M, Więckowska M, Przywara D, Petniak A, Kondracka A, Świstowska M, Szymanowski R, Wilińska A, Wiliński M, Płachno BJ, Kostuch M, Rahnama-Hezavach M, Szuta M, Kwaśniewska A, Bogucka-Kocka A, Kocki J. Influence of Perinatal Factors on Gene Expression of IAPs Family and Main Factors of Pluripotency: OCT4 and SOX2 in Human Breast Milk Stem Cells-A Preliminary Report. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032476. [PMID: 36768802 PMCID: PMC9917041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their therapeutic potential, mesenchymal stem cells are the subject of intensive research on the use of their potential in the treatment of, among others, neurodegenerative diseases or immunological diseases. They are among the newest in the field of medicine. The presented study aimed to evaluate the expression of eight genes from the IAP family and the gene regulating IAP-XAF1-in stem cells derived from human milk, using the qPCR method. The relationships between the expression of genes under study and clinical data, such as maternal age, maternal BMI, week of pregnancy in which the delivery took place, bodyweight of the newborn, the number of pregnancies and deliveries, and the time elapsed since delivery, were also analyzed. The research was carried out on samples of human milk collected from 42 patients hospitalized in The Clinic of Obstetrics and Perinatology of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 4, in Lublin. The conducted research confirmed the expression of the following genes in the tested material: NAIP, BIRC2, BIRC3, BIRC5, BIRC6, BIRC8, XIAP, XAF1, OCT4 and SOX2. Moreover, several dependencies of the expression of individual genes on the maternal BMI (BIRC5, XAF1 and NAIP), the time since childbirth (BIRC5, BIRC6, XAF1 and NAIP), the number of pregnancies and deliveries (BIRC2, BIRC5, BIRC6 and XAF1), the manner of delivery (XAF1 and OCT4), preterm labor (BIRC6 and NAIP) were demonstrated. Additionally, we found positive relationships between gene expression of BIRC7, BIRC8 and XAF1 and the main factors of pluripotency: SOX2 and OCT4. This work is the first to investigate the expression of genes from the IAPs family in mother's milk stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gil-Kulik
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Leśniewski
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Bieńko
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Wójcik
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Więckowska
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Przywara
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Petniak
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Kondracka
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Świstowska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Szymanowski
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wilińska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wiliński
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marzena Kostuch
- Department of Neonatology, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 4, 8 Jaczewskiego St., 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mansur Rahnama-Hezavach
- Chair and Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 6 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szuta
- Chair of Oral Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 4 Montelupich St., 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Kwaśniewska
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20–093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Analysis of Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) in Healthy Children during the First Two Years of Life: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020367. [PMID: 36678236 PMCID: PMC9864378 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites of the gut microbiota. The aim is to analyze the influence of perinatal factors, which can affect the gut microbiota, on the concentrations of fecal SCFAs over the first two years of life. Gas chromatography was used to analyze SCFA in a total of 456 fecal samples from 86 children. Total SCFA concentrations increased until 12 months and stabilized after that. Antibiotic treatment during pregnancy was associated with an increase in acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA in meconium and a decrease in the same SCFAs at 6 months. Butyric acid was increased after Caesarean delivery until 1 month. In formula-fed children, propionic acid (at 1 month) and butyric acid and total SCFA (at 12 months) were increased. Acetic and linear butyric acids and total SCFAs were also increased at 12 months in children born vaginally that were also formula-fed. Higher butyric acid was observed in children of mothers with normal pre-pregnancy weight and adequate weight gain during pregnancy. Butyric acid was also elevated in 6-month-old infants with a higher body weight (≥85th percentile). Acetic acid concentrations were significantly higher in 2-year-old females vs. males. We conclude that perinatal factors are linked to changes in fecal SCFAs and further long-term epidemiological studies are warranted.
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Alotiby AA. The role of breastfeeding as a protective factor against the development of the immune-mediated diseases: A systematic review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1086999. [PMID: 36873649 PMCID: PMC9981158 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1086999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast milk is rich in nutrients and immunological factors capable of protecting infants against various immunological diseases and disorders. The current systematic review has been framed with the objective of studying the role of breastfeeding as a protective factor against the development of immune-mediated diseases. METHODS The database and website searches were performed using PubMed, PubMed Central, Nature, Springer, Nature, Web of Science, and Elsevier. The studies were scrutinized based on the nature of participants and the nature of disease considered. The search was restricted to infants with immune-mediated diseases such as diabetes mellitus, allergic conditions, diarrhoea, and rheumatoid arthritis. RESULTS We have included 28 studies, out of which seven deal with diabetes mellitus, two rheumatoid arthritis, five studies about Celiac Disease, twelve studies about allergic/ asthma/wheezing conditions and one study on each of the following diseases: neonatal lupus erythematosus and colitis. DISCUSSION Based on our analysis, breastfeeding in association with the considered diseases was found to be positive. Breastfeeding is involved as protective factor against various diseases. The role of breastfeeding in the prevention of diabetes mellitus has been found to be significantly higher than for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna A Alotiby
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Abiy SA, Animut Y, Ambaw WM, Aragaw GM, Rade BK. Incidence of death and its predictors among neonates admitted with sepsis in referral hospitals, northwest Ethiopia, a prospective cohort study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1129924. [PMID: 37124184 PMCID: PMC10133692 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1129924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Each year, approximately 2.7 million neonates die in their first month of life worldwide, and the majority of these deaths occur in low-income countries. According to the Global Burden of Disease estimation, 1.3 million annual incident cases of neonatal sepsis were reported worldwide, resulting in 203,000 sepsis-attributable deaths. Little is known about the time to death of neonates and predictors after admission with a diagnosis of sepsis. This study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of death among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with a diagnosis of sepsis in referral hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A multicenter prospective follow-up study was conducted from November 11 to December 7, 2021. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select 412 neonates. Neonates admitted with sepsis were followed until they develop event for a maximum of 28 days of age. A face-to-face interview was conducted with the mother of the neonate using a pretested and structured questionnaire, and neonatal charts were reviewed to collect baseline factors. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. A bivariable and multivariable exponential Cox regression model was fitted to identify predictors of death. The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) with 95% CI was calculated, and statistical significance was declared at a P-value of 0.05 in the multivariable analysis. Results A total of 75 (18.47%) neonates died during the study period, with a 95% CI of 14.82-22.60. The incidence rate of death was 28 (95% CI, 22, 35) per 1,000 person-days of observation, with a total follow-up time of 2,677 person-days of observation. Birth weight (<2,500 g) (AHR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.01, 4.43), prematurity (AHR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 4.15), duration of labor >24 h (AHR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.38, 11.01), breast feeding (AHR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.80), having respiratory distress syndrome (AHR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.02, 306), oxygen saturation less than 90% (AHR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.02, 306) were significant predictors of death among neonates admitted with sepsis. Conclusion and recommendation The incidence of neonatal mortality in this study was high. Early detection and appropriate management of patients' presentations like respiratory distress syndrome and low oxygen saturation are necessary to reduce neonatal sepsis-related mortality. Special attention should be given to low birth weight and premature neonates and mothers should be encouraged to breastfeed their newborns after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saron Abeje Abiy
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Saron Abeje Abiy
| | - Yaregal Animut
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Worku Mequannt Ambaw
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getie Mihret Aragaw
- Department of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bayew Kelkay Rade
- Department of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Nuampa S, Patil CL, Prasong S, Kuesakul K, Sudphet M. Exploring the Association between Socioeconomic and Psychological Factors and Breastfeeding in the First Year of Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:130. [PMID: 36612453 PMCID: PMC9819422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is essential for the survival, nutrition, and development of infants and young children. As a result of COVID-19’s effects of economic crises and psychological difficulties, breastfeeding outcomes have declined. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between socioeconomic and psychological factors with breastfeeding duration in the first year of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional online surveys (n = 390) were conducted between August and November 2021. The participants were women aged 15 years and above who had given birth within 6−12 months before data collection and delivered in public hospitals in the top three provinces with the worst COVID-19 outbreaks during the second wave in Thailand. The average breastfeeding duration in this study was 6.20 months (±2.5) with a range of 1−12 months. Of mothers, 44.9% continued to breastfeed until between 6 and 12 months of age. In a multiple regression analysis, family income (Beta = 0.112, t = 1.988, p < 0.05), breastfeeding intention (beta = 0.097, t = 2.142, p < 0.05), intended breastfeeding duration (beta = 0.391, t = 8.355, p < 0.05), intention to receive vaccination (beta =0.129, t = 2.720, p < 0.05), and anxiety (beta = 0.118, t = 2.237, p < 0.05) were associated with breastfeeding duration in the first year of life (F (7, 382) = 20.977, p < 0.05, R2 = 0.278, R2 Adjusted = 0.264). During COVID-19, psychological factors were more strongly associated with breastfeeding duration in the first year of life than socioeconomic factors. Healthcare providers should promote breastfeeding intention, motivate COVID-19 vaccination intention, and support mental health among lactating mothers, particularly in the event of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasitara Nuampa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Crystal L. Patil
- Department of Human Development Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sudhathai Prasong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Kuesakul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Metpapha Sudphet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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50
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Benslama Y, Dennouni-Medjati N, Dali-Sahi M, Meziane FZ, Harek Y. Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus and risk factor of interactions between dietary cow's milk intake and HLA-DR3/DR4 genotype. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10931-10939. [PMID: 34282715 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1953599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Short-term breastfeeding and early exposure to dairy products into infant diets, may be critical factors for development of type 1 diabetes. In this study, we investigate whether cow's milk proteins are risk factors for type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible individuals (HLA DR3/DR4) by using statistical analysis and in silico approach. In order to verify the potential risk of the early introduction of cow's milk, we conducted this study to validate the veracity of this hypothesis in our population. We included 121 subjects, 55 type 1 diabetics and 74 controls from the region of Tlemcen (Algeria). Thus, the in silico approach was performed to determine the molecular mimicry region between Bovine serum albumin and beta-lactoglobulin with self-Islet antigen 2 and glutamate decarboxylase 65 by determining their sequences and their 3D structures. The risk factors associated with type 1 diabetes in a genetically predisposed individual (HLA DR3/DR4) retained by the logistic model are: type 1 and type 2 diabetes inheritance, the early introduction of cow's milk before 6 months and breastfeeding less than 9 months. Besides, the epitopes of cow's milk proteins have the capacity to bind to predisposing HLA class II molecules (HLA DR3/DR4) and induce an immune reaction by the secretion of Interleukin 4 (Th2) and Interferon (Th1) which lead to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The early introduction of cow's milk proteins in susceptible individuals is considered as risk factors for the pathogenesis of T1DM. The in silico approach confirm that BSA and BLG share sequence and structure homology with IA2 and GAD65.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Benslama
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Nouria Dennouni-Medjati
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Majda Dali-Sahi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fatima Zahra Meziane
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Yahia Harek
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
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