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Chen C, Cai R, Zhou J, Zhang D, Chen L. GPR15LG regulates psoriasis-like inflammation by down-regulating inflammatory factors on keratinocytes. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231347. [PMID: 38393364 PMCID: PMC11147810 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by aberrant proliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of immune cells. We previously found that GPR15LG protein is highly expressed in psoriasis lesional skin and it positively regulates psoriatic keratinocyte proliferation. Our data also showed that GPR15LG could regulate the activity of NF-κB pathway, which is associated with psoriatic inflammation. In the present study, we demonstrated that Gpr15lg (ortholog of GPR15LG) knockdown attenuated the severity of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in mice. Such an effect was achieved by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and S100A7. Consistently, GPR15LG knockdown in vitro significantly downgraded the expression of inflammatory factors in the cellular model of psoriasis. These results suggested that GPR15LG could be involved in the development of psoriasis by regulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Fuzhou, China
| | - Renhui Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Fuzhou, China
| | - Danqun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Fuzhou, China
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2
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Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Xu L, Yue Y, Xu K, Li F, Xu F. Molecular recognition of the atypical chemokine-like peptide GPR15L by its cognate receptor GPR15. Cell Discov 2024; 10:69. [PMID: 38918398 PMCID: PMC11199581 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Zhang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Zheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yue
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Fudulu A, Diaconu CC, Iancu IV, Plesa A, Albulescu A, Bostan M, Socolov DG, Stoian IL, Balan R, Anton G, Botezatu A. Exploring the Role of E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in Cervical Oncogenesis through MBD2/3-NuRD Complex Chromatin Remodeling. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:560. [PMID: 38790189 PMCID: PMC11121560 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is among the highest-ranking types of cancer worldwide, with human papillomavirus (HPV) as the agent driving the malignant process. One aspect of the infection's evolution is given by epigenetic modifications, mainly DNA methylation and chromatin alteration. These processes are guided by several chromatin remodeling complexes, including NuRD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genome-wide binding patterns of the NuRD complex components (MBD2 and MBD3) in the presence of active HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes and to determine the potential of identified genes through an experimental model to differentiate between cervical precursor lesions, with the aim of establishing their utility as biomarkers. METHODS The experimental model was built using the CaSki cell line and shRNA for E6 and E7 HPV16 silencing, ChIP-seq, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analyses. Selected genes' expression was also assessed in patients. RESULTS Several genes have been identified to exhibit altered transcriptional activity due to the influence of HPV16 E6/E7 viral oncogenes acting through the MBD2/MBD3 NuRD complex, linking them to viral infection and cervical oncogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The impacted genes primarily play roles in governing gene transcription, mRNA processing, and regulation of translation. Understanding these mechanisms offers valuable insights into the process of HPV-induced oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Fudulu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (I.V.I.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (G.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Carmen Cristina Diaconu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (I.V.I.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (G.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Iulia Virginia Iancu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (I.V.I.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (G.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Adriana Plesa
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (I.V.I.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (G.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Adrian Albulescu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (I.V.I.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (G.A.); (A.B.)
- Pharmacology Department, National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 031299 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marinela Bostan
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (I.V.I.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (G.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Demetra Gabriela Socolov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.G.S.); (I.L.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Irina Liviana Stoian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.G.S.); (I.L.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Raluca Balan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.G.S.); (I.L.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Gabriela Anton
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (I.V.I.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (G.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Anca Botezatu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (I.V.I.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (G.A.); (A.B.)
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4
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Richards SM, Gubser Keller C, Kreutzer R, Greiner G, Ley S, Doelemeyer A, Dubost V, Flandre T, Kirkland S, Carbone W, Pandya R, Knehr J, Roma G, Schuierer S, Bouchez L, Seuwen K, Aebi A, Westhead D, Hintzen G, Jurisic G, Hossain I, Neri M, Manevski N, Balavenkatraman KK, Moulin P, Begrich A, Bertschi B, Huber R, Bouwmeester T, Driver VR, von Schwabedissen M, Schaefer D, Wettstein B, Wettstein R, Ruffner H. Molecular characterization of chronic cutaneous wounds reveals subregion- and wound type-specific differential gene expression. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14447. [PMID: 38149752 PMCID: PMC10958103 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited understanding of the pathology underlying chronic wounds has hindered the development of effective diagnostic markers and pharmaceutical interventions. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular composition of various common chronic ulcer types to facilitate drug discovery strategies. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of leg ulcers (LUs), encompassing venous and arterial ulcers, foot ulcers (FUs), pressure ulcers (PUs), and compared them with surgical wound healing complications (WHCs). To explore the pathophysiological mechanisms and identify similarities or differences within wounds, we dissected wounds into distinct subregions, including the wound bed, border, and peri-wound areas, and compared them against intact skin. By correlating histopathology, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we identified unique genes, pathways, and cell type abundance patterns in each wound type and subregion. These correlations aim to aid clinicians in selecting targeted treatment options and informing the design of future preclinical and clinical studies in wound healing. Notably, specific genes, such as PITX1 and UPP1, exhibited exclusive upregulation in LUs and FUs, potentially offering significant benefits to specialists in limb preservation and clinical treatment decisions. In contrast, comparisons between different wound subregions, regardless of wound type, revealed distinct expression profiles. The pleiotropic chemokine-like ligand GPR15L (C10orf99) and transmembrane serine proteases TMPRSS11A/D were significantly upregulated in wound border subregions. Interestingly, WHCs exhibited a nearly identical transcriptome to PUs, indicating clinical relevance. Histological examination revealed blood vessel occlusions with impaired angiogenesis in chronic wounds, alongside elevated expression of genes and immunoreactive markers related to blood vessel and lymphatic epithelial cells in wound bed subregions. Additionally, inflammatory and epithelial markers indicated heightened inflammatory responses in wound bed and border subregions and reduced wound bed epithelialization. In summary, chronic wounds from diverse anatomical sites share common aspects of wound pathophysiology but also exhibit distinct molecular differences. These unique molecular characteristics present promising opportunities for drug discovery and treatment, particularly for patients suffering from chronic wounds. The identified diagnostic markers hold the potential to enhance preclinical and clinical trials in the field of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Kreutzer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Department of PathologyAnaPath Services GmbHLiestalSwitzerland
| | | | - Svenja Ley
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Arno Doelemeyer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Valerie Dubost
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Thierry Flandre
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Susan Kirkland
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Harvantis Pharma Consulting LtdLondonUK
| | - Walter Carbone
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Research and Development CoordinatorELI TechGroup Corso SvizzeraTorinoItaly
| | - Rishika Pandya
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Judith Knehr
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Discovery Data ScienceGSK VaccinesSienaItaly
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Laure Bouchez
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Therapeutics Department, Executive in ResidenceGeneral InceptionBaselSwitzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Alexandra Aebi
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - David Westhead
- Leeds Institute of Data AnalyticsUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Gabriele Hintzen
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Translational ScienceAffimed GmbHMannheimGermany
| | - Giorgia Jurisic
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Imtiaz Hossain
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Marilisa Neri
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Nenad Manevski
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Translational PKPD and Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, pREDF. Hoffmann‐La Roche AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Pierre Moulin
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Annette Begrich
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Roland Huber
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Vickie R. Driver
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- INOVA HealthcareWound Healing and Hyperbaric CentersFalls ChurchVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Dirk Schaefer
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Barbara Wettstein
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Reto Wettstein
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Heinz Ruffner
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
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5
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Tang JS, Stephens R, Li Y, Cait A, Gell K, Faulkner S, Grooby A, Herst PM, O'Sullivan D, Gasser O. Polyphenol and glucosinolate-derived AhR modulators regulate GPR15 expression on human CD4+ T cells. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 122:109456. [PMID: 37788725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Diets high in fruit and vegetables are perceived to be beneficial for intestinal homeostasis, in health as well as in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Recent breakthroughs in the field of immunology have highlighted the importance of the ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a critical regulator of mucosal immunity, including the intestinal trafficking of CD4+ helper T cells, an immune cell subset implicated in a wide range of homeostatic and pathogenic processes. Specifically, the AhR has been shown to directly regulate the expression of the chemoattractant receptor G Protein-Coupled Receptor 15 (GPR15) on CD4+ T cells. GPR15 is an important gut homing marker whose expression on CD4+ T cells in the peripheral circulation is elevated in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis, raising the possibility that, in this setting, the beneficial effect of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may be mediated through the modulation of GPR15 expression. To address this, we screened physiologically-relevant polyphenol and glucosinolate metabolites for their ability to affect both AhR activity and GPR15 expression. Our complementary approach and associated findings suggest that polyphenol and glucosinolate metabolites can regulate GPR15 expression on human CD4+ T cells in an AhR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry S Tang
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ruth Stephens
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yanyan Li
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alissa Cait
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Katie Gell
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sophie Faulkner
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alix Grooby
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patries M Herst
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David O'Sullivan
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
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6
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Mehandru S, Colombel JF, Juarez J, Bugni J, Lindsay JO. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of anti-trafficking therapies and their clinical relevance in inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:859-870. [PMID: 37574127 PMCID: PMC11141405 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a combination of dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and insufficient regulatory responses facilitate the development of chronic inflammation, which is driven by a complex interplay between the mucosal immune system and the environment and sustained by immune priming and ongoing cellular recruitment to the gut. The localization of immune cells is mediated by their expression of chemokine receptors and integrins, which bind to chemokines and adhesion molecules, respectively. In this article, we review the mechanisms of action of anti-trafficking therapies for IBD and consider clinical observations in the context of the different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, we discuss the evolution of molecular resistance to anti-cytokines, in which the composition of immune cells in the gut changes in response to treatment, and the potential implications of this for treatment sequencing. Lastly, we discuss the relevance of mechanism of action to combination therapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Mehandru
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julius Juarez
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Lexington, MA, USA
| | - James Bugni
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Lexington, MA, USA
| | - James O Lindsay
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Department of Gastroenterology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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7
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Van NT, Zhang K, Wigmore RM, Kennedy AI, DaSilva CR, Huang J, Ambelil M, Villagomez JH, O'Connor GJ, Longman RS, Cao M, Snook AE, Platten M, Kasenty G, Sigal LJ, Prendergast GC, Kim SV. Dietary L-Tryptophan consumption determines the number of colonic regulatory T cells and susceptibility to colitis via GPR15. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7363. [PMID: 37963876 PMCID: PMC10645889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors are the major contributor to the onset of immunological disorders such as ulcerative colitis. However, their identities remain unclear. Here, we discover that the amount of consumed L-Tryptophan (L-Trp), a ubiquitous dietary component, determines the transcription level of the colonic T cell homing receptor, GPR15, hence affecting the number of colonic FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and local immune homeostasis. Ingested L-Trp is converted by host IDO1/2 enzymes, but not by gut microbiota, to compounds that induce GPR15 transcription preferentially in Treg cells via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Consequently, two weeks of dietary L-Trp supplementation nearly double the colonic GPR15+ Treg cells via GPR15-mediated homing and substantially reduce the future risk of colitis. In addition, humans consume 3-4 times less L-Trp per kilogram of body weight and have fewer colonic GPR15+ Treg cells than mice. Thus, we uncover a microbiota-independent mechanism linking dietary L-Trp and colonic Treg cells, that may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T Van
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel M Wigmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne I Kennedy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolina R DaSilva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jialing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Anatomic Pathology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Manju Ambelil
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose H Villagomez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald J O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Randy S Longman
- Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Platten
- CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gerard Kasenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Luis J Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George C Prendergast
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lankenau Institute of Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Sangwon V Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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Larson JH, Jin S, Loschi M, Bolivar Wagers S, Thangavelu G, Zaiken MC, McDonald-Hyman C, Saha A, Aguilar EG, Koehn B, Osborn MJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Macdonald KPA, Hill GR, Murphy WJ, Serody JS, Maillard I, Kean LS, Kim SV, Littman DR, Blazar BR. Enforced gut homing of murine regulatory T cells reduces early graft-versus-host disease severity. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1102-1115. [PMID: 36878433 PMCID: PMC10475494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the gastrointestinal tract following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a significant contributor to the severity and perpetuation of graft-versus-host disease. In preclinical models and clinical trials, we showed that infusing high numbers of regulatory T cells reduces graft-versus-host disease incidence. Despite no change in in vitro suppressive function, transfer of ex vivo expanded regulatory T cells transduced to overexpress G protein-coupled receptor 15 or C-C motif chemokine receptor 9, specific homing receptors for colon or small intestine, respectively, lessened graft-versus-host disease severity in mice. Increased regulatory T cell frequency and retention within the gastrointestinal tissues of mice that received gut homing T cells correlated with lower inflammation and gut damage early post-transplant, decreased graft-versus-host disease severity, and prolonged survival compared with those receiving control transduced regulatory T cells. These data provide evidence that enforced targeting of ex vivo expanded regulatory T cells to the gastrointestinal tract diminishes gut injury and is associated with decreased graft-versus-host disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma H Larson
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sujeong Jin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Loschi
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sara Bolivar Wagers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael C Zaiken
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cameron McDonald-Hyman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Asim Saha
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ethan G Aguilar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brent Koehn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark J Osborn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kelli P A Macdonald
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Immunology Department, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sangwon V Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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9
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Okamoto Y, Shikano S. Emerging roles of a chemoattractant receptor GPR15 and ligands in pathophysiology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179456. [PMID: 37457732 PMCID: PMC10348422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors play a central role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and development of inflammation by directing leukocyte migration to tissues. GPR15 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that was initially known as a co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), with structural similarity to other members of the chemoattractant receptor family. Since the discovery of its novel function as a colon-homing receptor of T cells in mice a decade ago, GPR15 has been rapidly gaining attention for its involvement in a variety of inflammatory and immune disorders. The recent identification of its natural ligand C10orf99, a chemokine-like polypeptide strongly expressed in gastrointestinal tissues, has established that GPR15-C10orf99 is a novel signaling axis that controls intestinal homeostasis and inflammation through the migration of immune cells. In addition, it has been demonstrated that C10orf99-independent functions of GPR15 and GPR15-independent activities of C10orf99 also play significant roles in the pathophysiology. Therefore, GPR15 and its ligands are potential therapeutic targets. To provide a basis for the future development of GPR15- or GPR15 ligand-targeted therapeutics, we have summarized the latest advances in the role of GPR15 and its ligands in human diseases as well as the molecular mechanisms that regulate GPR15 expression and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sojin Shikano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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10
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Jensen LE. Pellino Proteins in Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 15:1422. [PMID: 37515108 PMCID: PMC10383966 DOI: 10.3390/v15071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pellino proteins are a family of evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligases involved in intracellular signaling in a wide range of cell types. They are essential for microbe detection and the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Some viruses specifically target the Pellino proteins as part of their immune evasion strategies. Through studies of mouse models of viral infections in the central nervous system, heart, lungs, and skin, the Pellino proteins have been linked to both beneficial and detrimental immune responses. Only in recent years have some of the involved mechanisms been identified. The objective of this review is to highlight the many diverse aspects of viral immunity and pathogenesis that the Pellino proteins have been associated with, in order to promote further research into their functions. After a brief introduction to the cellular signaling mechanisms involving Pellino proteins, their physiological roles in the initiation of immune responses, pathogenesis through excess inflammation, immune regulation, and cell death are presented. Known viral immune evasion strategies are also described. Throughout, areas that require more in-depth investigation are identified. Future research into the functions of the Pellino protein family may reveal fundamental insights into how our immune system works. Such knowledge may be leveraged in the fight against viral infections and their sequala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte E Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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11
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Cai KQ, Shellhamer C, Akiyama T, Jensen LE. Pellino1 Restricts Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in the Epidermis and Dissemination to Sebaceous Glands. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:639-647.e2. [PMID: 36216205 PMCID: PMC10038864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all adults are infected with one or more herpes viruses. The most common are herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2, which upon reactivation can cause painful skin and mucosal erosions. Patients who are immune compromised often experience frequent, atypical, or chronic lesions and thus a greatly diminished QOL. Pellino1 is a ubiquitin ligase involved in IL-1 and toll-like receptor signaling; however, the role of Pellino1 in skin immunity against HSV is unknown. In this study, using the mouse-flank HSV-1 skin infection model, we show that Pellino1 has several critical functions during active viral replication. Peli1‒/‒ mice succumb more than wild-type mice to systemic disease and develop larger zosteriform skin lesions along affected dermatomes. In Pellino1-deficient mice, the virus spread extensively through the epidermis and follicular infundibulum into sebaceous glands where sebocytes were found positive for the virus. The latter did not appear to involve a shift in how the virus migrated through the nervous system. Immunohistochemistry revealed delayed recruitment of myeloid and T cells to the infected epidermis in Peli1‒/‒ mice. This was associated with decreased expression of the cytokine mRNAs Il1a, Il36b and 2610528A11Rik; the latter also known as Gpr15l. In conclusion, Pellino1 plays important roles in restricting viral dissemination, and the involved pathways may represent novel therapeutic targets in patients with frequent or chronic HSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Q Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caitlin Shellhamer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tasuku Akiyama
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Liselotte E Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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12
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Ghaffarinia A, Ayaydin F, Póliska S, Manczinger M, Bolla BS, Flink LB, Balogh F, Veréb Z, Bozó R, Szabó K, Bata-Csörgő Z, Kemény L. Psoriatic Resolved Skin Epidermal Keratinocytes Retain Disease-Residual Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054556. [PMID: 36901987 PMCID: PMC10002496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease-residual transcriptomic profile (DRTP) within psoriatic healed/resolved skin and epidermal tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells have been proposed to be crucial for the recurrence of old lesions. However, it is unclear whether epidermal keratinocytes are involved in disease recurrence. There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Nonetheless, the epigenetic changes that contribute to the recurrence of psoriasis remain unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of keratinocytes in psoriasis relapse. The epigenetic marks 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) were visualized using immunofluorescence staining, and RNA sequencing was performed on paired never-lesional and resolved epidermal and dermal compartments of skin from psoriasis patients. We observed diminished 5-mC and 5-hmC amounts and decreased mRNA expression of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) 3 enzyme in the resolved epidermis. SAMHD1, C10orf99, and AKR1B10: the highly dysregulated genes in resolved epidermis are known to be associated with pathogenesis of psoriasis, and the DRTP was enriched in WNT, TNF, and mTOR signaling pathways. Our results suggest that epigenetic changes detected in epidermal keratinocytes of resolved skin may be responsible for the DRTP in the same regions. Thus, the DRTP of keratinocytes may contribute to site-specific local relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Ghaffarinia
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- HCEMM-USZ, Functional Cell Biology and Immunology, Advanced Core Facility, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté Manczinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Systems Immunology Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, ELKH, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-Systems Immunology Research Group, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szilvia Bolla
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lili Borbála Flink
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Balogh
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory (HECRIN), Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Research Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Bozó
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Szabó
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bata-Csörgő
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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13
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Zhao J, Liu X, Xu J, Fang Y, Du P, Gao C, Cai T, Gu Z, Qin Q, Zhang J. Elevated Expression and Activation of GPR15 in Immune Cells in Graves' Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121899. [PMID: 36551327 PMCID: PMC9776225 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR15 plays an important role in lymphocyte homing and is a key immune molecule to maintain organ immune homeostasis. Yet, no study on the association between GPR15 and Graves' disease (GD) is available. In this study, we systematically investigated the expression of GPR15 in different types of immune cells and different tissues of GD patients. We found that the expressions of GPR15 and GPR15L in peripheral blood of GD patients were increased compared with those in healthy controls. A flow cytometry analysis showed that GPR15 positive cells were mainly CD14+ monocytes and CD56+ natural killer cells (NK cells) of innate immunity, T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells of adaptive immunity. We also found that the expressions of GPR15 and GPR15L in the PBMC of GD patients were positively correlated with the Tfh-specific cytokines IL21 and IL4. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed that the level of GPR15 in thyroid tissue of GD patients was higher than that of the control group. Our results demonstrate for the first time that GPR15 is highly expressed in various immune cells in GD patients, suggesting that GPR15-GPR15L is associated with the activation and infiltration of proinflammatory immune cells in the thyroid tissue of GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xuerong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yudie Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Chaoqun Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Tiantian Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhaohua Gu
- Zhoupu Community Health Service Center of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Qiu Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201508, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-021-57039815 (J.Z.)
| | - Jin’an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201508, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-021-57039815 (J.Z.)
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14
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Fernández-Ruiz JC, Ochoa-González FDL, Zapata-Zúñiga M, Mondragon-Marín E, Lara-Ramírez EE, Ruíz-Carrillo JL, DelaCruz-Flores PA, Layseca-Espinosa E, Enciso-Moreno JA, Castañeda-Delgado JE. GPR15 expressed in T lymphocytes from RA patients is involved in leukocyte chemotaxis to the synovium. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1209-1221. [PMID: 36164808 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0822-263rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammatory process occurs in the joints where immune cells are attracted into the synovium to promote remodeling and tissue damage. GPR15 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) located on chromosome 3 and has similarity in its sequence with chemokine receptors. Recent evidence indicates that GPR15 may be associated with modulation of the chronic inflammatory response. We evaluated the expression of GPR15 and GPR15L in blood and synovial tissue samples from RA patients, as well as to perform a functional migration assay in response to GPR15L. The expression of GPR15 and c10orf99/gpr15l mRNA was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Samples of synovial fluid and peripheral blood were analyzed for CD45+CD3+CD4+GPR15+ and CD45+CD3+CD8+GPR15+ T cell frequency comparing RA patients versus control subjects by flow cytometry. Migration assays were performed using PBMCs isolated from these individuals in response to the synthetic GPR15 ligand. Statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis test, T-test, or Mann-Whitney U test, according to data distribution. A higher expression in the mRNA for GPR15 was identified in early RA subjects. The frequencies of CD4+/CD8+ GPR15+ T lymphocytes are higher in RA patients comparing with healthy subjects. Also, the frequency CD4+/CD8+ GPR15+ T lymphocytes are higher in synovial fluid of established RA patients comparing with OA patients. GPR15 and GPR15L are present in the synovial tissue of RA patients and GPR15L promotes migration of PBMCs from RA patients and healthy subjects. Our results suggest that GPR15/GPR15L have a pathogenic role in RA and their antagonizing could be a therapeutic approach in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Fernández-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.,Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Univerisidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Fátima de Lourdes Ochoa-González
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.,Doctorado en ciencias básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.,Área de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - Martín Zapata-Zúñiga
- Hospital Rural No. 51 IMSS Bienestar, Villanueva, Zacatecas, México.,Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - Eduardo Mondragon-Marín
- Unidad de traumatología y ortopedia, Hospital general del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Zacatecas "Emilio Varela Luján", Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - Edgar E Lara-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - Jose Luis Ruíz-Carrillo
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.,Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Univerisidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Paola Amayrani DelaCruz-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - Esther Layseca-Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Univerisidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - José Antonio Enciso-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.,Maestría en química clínica diagnóstica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Queretáro, Querétaro, México
| | - Julio Enrique Castañeda-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.,Cátedras CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México, México
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15
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Oleszycka E, Kwiecien K, Kwiecinska P, Morytko A, Pocalun N, Camacho M, Brzoza P, Zabel BA, Cichy J. Soluble mediators in the function of the epidermal-immune-neuro unit in the skin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003970. [PMID: 36330530 PMCID: PMC9623011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest, environmentally exposed (barrier) organ, capable of integrating various signals into effective defensive responses. The functional significance of interactions among the epidermis and the immune and nervous systems in regulating and maintaining skin barrier function is only now becoming recognized in relation to skin pathophysiology. This review focuses on newly described pathways that involve soluble mediator-mediated crosstalk between these compartments. Dysregulation of these connections can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases and/or pathologic conditions associated with chronic pain or itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleszycka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Kwiecien
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kwiecinska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Morytko
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Pocalun
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michelle Camacho
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Brzoza
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Brian A. Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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16
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Hippen KL, Hefazi M, Larson JH, Blazar BR. Emerging translational strategies and challenges for enhancing regulatory T cell therapy for graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926550. [PMID: 35967386 PMCID: PMC9366169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative therapy for many types of cancer. Genetic disparities between donor and host can result in immune-mediated attack of host tissues, known as graft versus host disease (GVHD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality following HSCT. Regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) are a rare cell type crucial for immune system homeostasis, limiting the activation and differentiation of effector T cells (Teff) that are self-reactive or stimulated by foreign antigen exposure. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with Treg has demonstrated, first in murine models and now in patients, that prophylactic Treg infusion can also suppress GVHD. While clinical trials have demonstrated Treg reduce severe GVHD occurrence, several impediments remain, including Treg variability and practical need for individualized Treg production for each patient. Additionally, there are challenges in the use of in vitro expansion techniques and in achieving in vivo Treg persistence in context of both immune suppressive drugs and in lymphoreplete patients being treated for GVHD. This review will focus on 3 main translational approaches taken to improve the efficacy of tTreg ACT in GVHD prophylaxis and development of treatment options, following HSCT: genetic modification, manipulating TCR and cytokine signaling, and Treg production protocols. In vitro expansion for Treg ACT presents a multitude of approaches for gene modification to improve efficacy, including: antigen specificity, tissue targeting, deletion of negative regulators/exhaustion markers, resistance to immunosuppressive drugs common in GVHD treatment. Such expansion is particularly important in patients without significant lymphopenia that can drive Treg expansion, enabling a favorable Treg:Teff ratio in vivo. Several potential therapeutics have also been identified that enhance tTreg stability or persistence/expansion following ACT that target specific pathways, including: DNA/histone methylation status, TCR/co-stimulation signaling, and IL-2/STAT5 signaling. Finally, this review will discuss improvements in Treg production related to tissue source, Treg subsets, therapeutic approaches to increase Treg suppression and stability during tTreg expansion, and potential for storing large numbers of Treg from a single production run to be used as an off-the-shelf infusion product capable of treating multiple recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli L. Hippen
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mehrdad Hefazi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jemma H. Larson
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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17
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Tseng PY, Hoon MA. GPR15L is an epithelial inflammation-derived pruritogen. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7342. [PMID: 35704588 PMCID: PMC9200282 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that often accompanies chronic dermatological conditions. Although many of the itch receptors and the neural pathways underlying this sensation are known, the identity of endogenous ligands is still not fully appreciated. Using an unbiased bioinformatic approach, we identified GPR15L as a candidate pruritogen whose expression is robustly up-regulated in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Although GPR15L was previously shown to be a cognate ligand of the receptor GPR15, expressed in dermal T cells, here we show that it also contributes to pruritogenesis by activating Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (MRGPRs). GPR15L can selectively stimulate mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons that express Mrgpra3 and evokes intense itch responses. GPR15L causes mast cell degranulation through stimulation of MRGPRX2 and Mrgprb2. Genetic disruption of GPR15L expression attenuates scratch responses in a mouse model of psoriasis. Our study reveals unrecognized features of GRP15L, showing that it is a potent itch-inducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Yen Tseng
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/NIH, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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18
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Deng Y, Moo EV, Almería CVP, Gentry PR, Vedel L, Mathiesen JM, Bräuner-Osborne H. Delineation of the GPR15 receptor-mediated Gα protein signalling profile in recombinant mammalian cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:104-113. [PMID: 35510660 PMCID: PMC9539578 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The GPR15 receptor is a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR), which is activated by an endogenous peptide GPR15L(25–81) and a C‐terminal peptide fragment GPR15L(71–81). GPR15 signals through the Gi/o pathway to decrease intracellular cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cAMP). However, the activation profiles of the GPR15 receptor within Gi/o subtypes have not been examined. Moreover, whether the receptor can also couple to Gs, Gq/11 and G12/13 is unclear. Here, GPR15L(25–81) and GPR15L(71–81) are used as pharmacological tool compounds to delineate the GPR15 receptor‐mediated Gα protein signalling using a G protein activation assay and second messenger assay conducted on living cells. The results show that the GPR15 receptor preferentially couples to Gi/o rather than other pathways in both assays. Within the Gi/o family, the GPR15 receptor activates all the subtypes (Gi1, Gi2, Gi3, GoA, GoB and Gz). The Emax and activation rates of Gi1, Gi2, Gi3, GoA and GoB are similar, whilst the Emax of Gz is smaller and the activation rate is significantly slower. The potencies of both peptides toward each Gi/o subtype have been determined. Furthermore, the GPR15 receptor signals through Gi/o to inhibit cAMP accumulation, which could be blocked by the application of the Gi/o inhibitor pertussis toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Deng
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Ee Von Moo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Claudia Victoria Pérez Almería
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.,Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick R Gentry
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.,Analytical Technology Department, FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.,Analytical Technology Department, FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Jesper M Mathiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
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19
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Dainichi T, Nakano Y, Doi H, Nakamizo S, Nakajima S, Matsumoto R, Farkas T, Wong PM, Narang V, Moreno Traspas R, Kawakami E, Guttman-Yassky E, Dreesen O, Litman T, Reversade B, Kabashima K. C10orf99/GPR15L Regulates Proinflammatory Response of Keratinocytes and Barrier Formation of the Skin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:825032. [PMID: 35273606 PMCID: PMC8902463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.825032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis, outermost layer of the skin, forms a barrier and is involved in innate and adaptive immunity in an organism. Keratinocytes participate in all these three protective processes. However, a regulator of keratinocyte protective responses against external dangers and stresses remains elusive. We found that upregulation of the orphan gene 2610528A11Rik was a common factor in the skin of mice with several types of inflammation. In the human epidermis, peptide expression of G protein-coupled receptor 15 ligand (GPR15L), encoded by the human ortholog C10orf99, was highly induced in the lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. C10orf99 gene transfection into normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) induced the expression of inflammatory mediators and reduced the expression of barrier-related genes. Gene ontology analyses showed its association with translation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitochondria, and lipid metabolism. Treatment with GPR15L reduced the expression levels of filaggrin and loricrin in human keratinocyte 3D cultures. Instead, their expression levels in mouse primary cultured keratinocytes did not show significant differences between the wild-type and 2610528A11Rik deficient keratinocytes. Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of Il1b and Il6 was less in 2610528A11Rik deficient mouse keratinocytes than in wild-type, and imiquimod-induced psoriatic dermatitis was blunted in 2610528A11Rik deficient mice. Furthermore, repetitive subcutaneous injection of GPR15L in mouse ears induced skin inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that C10orf99/GPR15L is a primary inducible regulator that reduces the barrier formation and induces the inflammatory response of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuri Nakano
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Doi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamizo
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Skin Research Laboratories (A*SRL), A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Drug Discovery for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Reiko Matsumoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Thomas Farkas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pui Mun Wong
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vipin Narang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ricardo Moreno Traspas
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Advanced Data Science Project (ADSP), RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Oliver Dreesen
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Skin Research Laboratories (A*SRL), A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Skin Research Laboratories (A*SRL), A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Graham JJ, Mukherjee S, Yuksel M, Sanabria Mateos R, Si T, Huang Z, Huang X, Arbuq H, Patel V, McPhail MJ, Zen Y, Heaton ND, Longhi MS, Heneghan MA, Liberal R, Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G, Ma Y, Hayee B. Aberrant hepatic trafficking of gut-derived T cells is not specific to primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 2022; 75:518-530. [PMID: 34633679 PMCID: PMC8844147 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The "gut homing" hypothesis suggests the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is driven by aberrant hepatic expression of gut adhesion molecules and subsequent recruitment of gut-derived T cells to the liver. However, inconsistencies lie within this theory including an absence of investigations and comparisons with other chronic liver diseases (CLD). Here, we examine "the gut homing theory" in patients with PSC with associated inflammatory bowel disease (PSC-IBD) and across multiple inflammatory liver diseases. APPROACH AND RESULTS Expression of MAdCAM-1, CCL25, and E-Cadherin were assessed histologically and using RT-PCR on explanted liver tissue from patients with CLD undergoing OLT and in normal liver. Liver mononuclear cells were isolated from explanted tissue samples and the expression of gut homing integrins and cytokines on hepatic infiltrating gut-derived T cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Hepatic expression of MAdCAM-1, CCL25 and E-Cadherin was up-regulated in all CLDs compared with normal liver. There were no differences between disease groups. Frequencies of α4β7, αEβ7, CCR9, and GPR15 expressing hepatic T cells was increased in PSC-IBD, but also in CLD controls, compared with normal liver. β7 expressing hepatic T cells displayed an increased inflammatory phenotype compared with β7 negative cells, although this inflammatory cytokine profile was present in both the inflamed and normal liver. CONCLUSIONS These findings refute the widely accepted "gut homing" hypothesis as the primary driver of PSC and indicate that aberrant hepatic recruitment of gut-derived T cells is not unique to PSC, but is a panetiological feature of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon J Graham
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sujit Mukherjee
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London
| | - Muhammad Yuksel
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebeca Sanabria Mateos
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tengfei Si
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Zenlin Huang
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiahong Huang
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Hadil Arbuq
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London
| | - Vishal Patel
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J McPhail
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoh Zen
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London
| | - Nigel D Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael A Heneghan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Liberal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Vergani
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgina Mieli-Vergani
- Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, Mowat Labs, King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine at King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yun Ma
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bu’Hussain Hayee
- Department of Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
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21
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Endogenous Peptide Inhibitors of HIV Entry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1366:65-85. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8702-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Song J, Zheng H, Xue J, Liu J, Sun Q, Yang W, Liu F, Xiang X, He K, Chen Y, Cheng J, Li W, Jin J, Brosius J, Deng C. GPR15-C10ORF99 functional pairing initiates colonic Treg homing in amniotes. EMBO Rep 2021; 23:e53246. [PMID: 34939731 PMCID: PMC8892231 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T lymphocyte (Treg) homing reactions mediated by G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR)–ligand interactions play a central role in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis by restraining inappropriate immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the origin of Treg homing to the colon remains mysterious. Here, we report that the C10ORF99 peptide (also known as CPR15L and AP57), a cognate ligand of GPR15 that controls Treg homing to the colon, originates from a duplication of the flanking CDHR1 gene and is functionally paired with GPR15 in amniotes. Evolutionary analysis and experimental data indicate that the GPR15–C10ORF99 pair is functionally conserved to mediate colonic Treg homing in amniotes and their expression patterns are positively correlated with herbivore diet in the colon. With the first herbivorous diet in early amniotes, a new biological process (herbivorous diet short‐chain fatty acid‐C10ORF99/GPR15‐induced Treg homing colon immune homeostasis) emerged, and we propose an evolutionary model whereby GPR15–C10ORF99 functional pairing has initiated the first colonic Treg homing reaction in amniotes. Our findings also highlight that GPCR–ligand pairing leads to physiological adaptation during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaping Zheng
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwen Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyin Xiang
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Younan Chen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Jin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juergen Brosius
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Bauer M. The Role of GPR15 Function in Blood and Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910824. [PMID: 34639163 PMCID: PMC8509764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first prominent description of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) on lymphocytes as a co-receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and 2 and the first report about the GPR15-triggered cytoprotective effect on vascular endothelial cells by recombinant human thrombomodulin, several decades passed before the GPR15 has been recently deorphanized. Because of new findings on GPR15, this review will summarize the consequences of GPR15 signaling considering the variety of GPR15-expressing cell types and of GPR15 ligands, with a focus on blood and vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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24
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Manohar M, Dunham D, Gupta S, Yan Z, Zhang W, Minnicozzi S, Kirkey M, Bunning B, Roy Chowdhury R, Galli SJ, Boyd SD, Kost LE, Chinthrajah RS, Desai M, Oettgen HC, Maecker HT, Yu W, DeKruyff RH, Andorf S, Nadeau KC. Immune changes beyond Th2 pathways during rapid multifood immunotherapy enabled with omalizumab. Allergy 2021; 76:2809-2826. [PMID: 33782956 DOI: 10.1111/all.14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multifood oral immunotherapy (mOIT) with adjunctive anti-IgE (omalizumab, XOLAIR® ) treatment affords safe, effective, and rapid desensitization to multiple foods, although the specific immune mechanisms mediating this desensitization remain to be fully elucidated. METHODS Participants in our phase 2 mOIT trial (NCT02643862) received omalizumab from baseline to week 16 and mOIT from week 8 to week 36. We compared the immune profile of PBMCs and plasma taken at baseline, week 8, and week 36 using high-dimensional mass cytometry, component-resolved diagnostics, the indirect basophil activation test, and Luminex. RESULTS We found (i) decreased frequency of IL-4+ peanut-reactive CD4+ T cells and a marked downregulation of GPR15 expression and CXCR3 frequency among γδ and CD8+ T-cell subsets at week 8 during the initial, omalizumab-alone induction phase; (ii) significant upregulation of the skin-homing receptor CCR4 in peanut-reactive CD4+ T and Th2 effector memory (EM) cells and of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA) in peanut-reactive CD8+ T and CD8+ EM cells; (iii) downregulation of CD86 expression among antigen-presenting cell subsets; and (iv) reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably IL-17, at week 36 post-OIT. We also observed significant attenuation of the Th2 phenotype post-OIT, defined by downregulation of IL-4 peanut-reactive T cells and OX40 in Th2EM cells, increased allergen component-specific IgG4/IgE ratio, and decreased allergen-driven activation of indirectly sensitized basophils. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study provides novel comprehensive insight into the immune underpinnings of desensitization through omalizumab-facilitated mOIT. Moreover, this study provides encouraging results to support the complex immune changes that can be induced by OIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monali Manohar
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford CA USA
| | - Diane Dunham
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford CA USA
| | - Sheena Gupta
- Human Immune Monitoring Center Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford CA USA
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford CA USA
| | - Samantha Minnicozzi
- Division of Immunology Department of Pediatrics Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Matthew Kirkey
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford CA USA
| | - Bryan Bunning
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford CA USA
| | - Roshni Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Stephen J. Galli
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford CA USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Scott D. Boyd
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford CA USA
- Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | | | | | - Manisha Desai
- Department of Biomedical and Data Science Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Hans C. Oettgen
- Division of Immunology Department of Pediatrics Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Wong Yu
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford CA USA
| | | | - Sandra Andorf
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford CA USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA
- Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Allergy & Immunology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford CA USA
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25
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Konger RL, Derr-Yellin E, Zimmers TA, Katona T, Xuei X, Liu Y, Zhou HM, Simpson ER, Turner MJ. Epidermal PPARγ Is a Key Homeostatic Regulator of Cutaneous Inflammation and Barrier Function in Mouse Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168634. [PMID: 34445339 PMCID: PMC8395473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both agonist studies and loss-of-function models indicate that PPARγ plays an important role in cutaneous biology. Since PPARγ has a high level of basal activity, we hypothesized that epidermal PPARγ would regulate normal homeostatic processes within the epidermis. In this current study, we performed mRNA sequencing and differential expression analysis of epidermal scrapings from knockout mice and wildtype littermates. Pparg-/-epi mice exhibited a 1.5-fold or greater change in the expression of 11.8% of 14,482 identified transcripts. Up-regulated transcripts included those for a large number of cytokines/chemokines and their receptors, as well as genes associated with inflammasome activation and keratinization. Several of the most dramatically up-regulated pro-inflammatory genes in Pparg-/-epi mouse skin included Igfl3, 2610528A11Rik, and Il1f6. RT-PCR was performed from RNA obtained from non-lesional full-thickness skin and verified a marked increase in these transcripts, as well as transcripts for Igflr1, which encodes the receptor for Igfl3, and the 2610528A11Rik receptor (Gpr15). Transcripts for Il4 were detected in Pparg-/-epi mouse skin, but transcripts for Il17 and Il22 were not detected. Down-regulated transcripts included sebaceous gland markers and a number of genes associated with lipid barrier formation. The change in these transcripts correlates with an asebia phenotype, increased transepidermal water loss, alopecia, dandruff, and the appearance of spontaneous inflammatory skin lesions. Histologically, non-lesional skin showed hyperkeratosis, while inflammatory lesions were characterized by dermal inflammation and epidermal acanthosis, spongiosis, and parakeratosis. In conclusion, loss of epidermal Pparg alters a substantial set of genes that are associated with cutaneous inflammation, keratinization, and sebaceous gland function. The data indicate that epidermal PPARγ plays an important role in homeostatic epidermal function, particularly epidermal differentiation, barrier function, sebaceous gland development and function, and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L. Konger
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (E.D.-Y.); (T.K.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- The Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (T.A.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-274-4154
| | - Ethel Derr-Yellin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (E.D.-Y.); (T.K.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- The Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (T.A.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Terrence Katona
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (E.D.-Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Yunlong Liu
- The Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (T.A.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hong-Ming Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.-M.Z.); (M.J.T.)
| | - Ed Ronald Simpson
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.-M.Z.); (M.J.T.)
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew J. Turner
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.-M.Z.); (M.J.T.)
- Department of Dermatology, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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26
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Atreya R, Siegmund B. Location is important: differentiation between ileal and colonic Crohn's disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:544-558. [PMID: 33712743 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract; however, current European and national guidelines worldwide do not differentiate between small-intestinal and colonic Crohn's disease for medical treatment. Data from the past decade provide evidence that ileal Crohn's disease is distinct from colonic Crohn's disease in several intestinal layers. Remarkably, colonic Crohn's disease shows an overlap with regard to disease behaviour with ulcerative colitis, underlining the fact that there is more to inflammatory bowel disease than just Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and that subtypes, possibly defined by location and shared pathophysiology, are also important. This Review provides a structured overview of the differentiation between ileal and colonic Crohn's disease using data in the context of epidemiology, genetics, macroscopic differences such as creeping fat and histological findings, as well as differences in regard to the intestinal barrier including gut microbiota, mucus layer, epithelial cells and infiltrating immune cell populations. We also discuss the translation of these basic findings to the clinic, emphasizing the important role of treatment decisions. Thus, this Review provides a conceptual outlook on a new mechanism-driven classification of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Swaminathan G, Nguyen LP, Namkoong H, Pan J, Haileselassie Y, Patel A, Ji AR, Mikhail DM, Dinh TT, Singh H, Liao B, Vázquez-Montesino LM, Butcher EC, Habtezion A. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates expression of mucosal trafficking receptor GPR15. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:852-861. [PMID: 33674764 PMCID: PMC7934811 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GPR15 is a chemoattractant receptor that facilitates colon homing of regulatory and effector CD4+ T cells in health and colitis. The molecular mechanisms that control GPR15 expression are not fully known. Here we report the presence of two highly conserved aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binding sequences in a 3' enhancer of GPR15, leading us to investigate AHR function in regulating GPR15 expression. Using luciferase reporter assays, we show that AHR activation increased GPR15 expression and requires both the AHR binding sites. Consistent with a transcriptional regulatory role, treatment with AHR agonists induce GPR15 expression on human CD4+ T cells. Using AHR-deficient mice, we demonstrate that the lack of AHR signaling drastically reduces GPR15 expression on effector/memory and Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells. In mixed bone marrow chimeras of AHR-deficient and wildtype cells, GPR15 expression was similarly diminished on AHR-deficient CD4+ effector/memory and regulatory T cells in the colon and small intestine. Furthermore, administration of AHR agonists upregulated GPR15 expression on CD4+ effector/memory T cells and increased their homing capability, especially to the colon. Collectively, our studies reveal a novel function of the AHR in regulation of GPR15 expression and increased colon trafficking of CD4+ T cells expressing GPR15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Swaminathan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Linh P Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hong Namkoong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Junliang Pan
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yeneneh Haileselassie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akshar Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Allison R Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David M Mikhail
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Thanh Dinh
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harpriya Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bryce Liao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luis M Vázquez-Montesino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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28
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Wiendl M, Becker E, Müller TM, Voskens CJ, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Targeting Immune Cell Trafficking - Insights From Research Models and Implications for Future IBD Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656452. [PMID: 34017333 PMCID: PMC8129496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are multifactorial diseases with still unknown aetiology and an increasing prevalence and incidence worldwide. Despite plentiful therapeutic options for IBDs, the lack or loss of response in certain patients demands the development of further treatments to tackle this unmet medical need. In recent years, the success of the anti-α4β7 antibody vedolizumab highlighted the potential of targeting the homing of immune cells, which is now an important pillar of IBD therapy. Due to its complexity, leukocyte trafficking and the involved molecules offer a largely untapped resource for a plethora of potential therapeutic interventions. In this review, we aim to summarise current and future directions of specifically interfering with immune cell trafficking. We will comment on concepts of homing, retention and recirculation and particularly focus on the role of tissue-derived chemokines. Moreover, we will give an overview of the mode of action of drugs currently in use or still in the pipeline, highlighting their mechanisms and potential to reduce disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wiendl
- Department of Medicine 1, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emily Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja M. Müller
- Department of Medicine 1, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caroline J. Voskens
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Okamoto Y, Shikano S. Tyrosine sulfation and O-glycosylation of chemoattractant receptor GPR15 differentially regulate interaction with GPR15L. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237784. [PMID: 33758080 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR15 is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that directs lymphocyte homing to the colon and skin. Recent studies have identified a chemokine-like protein GPR15L (also known as C10orf99) as a functional ligand of GPR15. In this study, we examined the structural elements that regulate the GPR15-GPR15L interaction with primary focus on post-translational modifications (PTMs) of receptor N-terminus and on the C-terminus of the ligand. Our findings reveal that the GPR15 receptor is sulfated on the N-terminal tyrosine residue(s) and disruption of tyrosine sulfation inhibits binding of GPR15L. In contrast, the disruption of O-glycosylation on the N-terminal threonine or serine residues, or the removal of α2,3-linked sialic acids from O-glycans, enhances the GPR15L binding. Thus, GPR15 represents a unique chemoattractant receptor in which different N-terminal PTMs regulate its ligand binding in a contrasting manner. We further demonstrate that, unlike canonical chemokines, GPR15L activity critically requires its extreme C-terminal residue and that its hydrophobicity may be a key attribute that facilitates an optimal interaction with the receptor. Our results reveal novel insights into chemoattractant receptor-ligand interaction and provide a valid footing for potential intervention targeting the GPR15-GPR15L axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7170, USA
| | - Sojin Shikano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7170, USA
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30
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Sezin T, Jegodzinski L, Meyne LM, Gupta Y, Mousavi S, Ludwig RJ, Zillikens D, Sadik CD. The G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) regulates cutaneous immunology by maintaining dendritic epidermal T cells and regulating the skin microbiome. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1390-1398. [PMID: 33754365 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) regulates homing of different T-cell populations into the gut, thus, preserving tissue homeostasis. Its potential role in the preservation of homeostasis on other body interfaces, including the skin, is less well understood. We addressed the impact of GPR15 on cutaneous T-cell populations and the skin microbiome under steady-state conditions. Genetic deficiency in GPR15 substantially altered the composition of skin-resident T-cell populations. Precisely, dendritic epidermal T cells were almost absent in the epidermis of Gpr15-/- mice. The niche of dendritic epidermal T cells in the epidermis was, instead, populated by αβ TCR+ T cells. These changes were associated with shifts in the skin microbiota in Gpr15-/- mice. Collectively, our results uncover a role of GPR15 in the regulation of the cutaneous immune system and, thus, highlight the receptor as important general regulator of tissue homeostasis of exterior body interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Sezin
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lina Jegodzinski
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lisa-Maria Meyne
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yask Gupta
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sadegh Mousavi
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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31
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Adamczyk A, Pastille E, Kehrmann J, Vu VP, Geffers R, Wasmer MH, Kasper S, Schuler M, Lange CM, Muggli B, Rau TT, Klein D, Hansen W, Krebs P, Buer J, Westendorf AM. GPR15 Facilitates Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells to Promote Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2970-2982. [PMID: 33727229 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Despite considerable progress in early detection and treatment, there is still an unmet need for novel antitumor therapies, particularly in advanced colorectal cancer. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are increased in the peripheral blood and tumor tissue of patients with colorectal cancer. Recently, transient ablation of tumor-associated Tregs was shown to foster CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumoral immunity in murine colorectal cancer models. However, before considering therapies on targeting Tregs in patients with cancer, detailed knowledge of the phenotype and features of tumor-associated Tregs is indispensable. Here, we demonstrate in a murine model of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer that tumor-associated Tregs are mainly of thymic origin and equipped with a specific set of molecules strongly associated with enhanced migratory properties. Particularly, a dense infiltration of Tregs in mouse and human colorectal cancer lesions correlated with increased expression of the orphan chemoattractant receptor GPR15 on these cells. Comprehensive gene expression analysis revealed that tumor-associated GPR15+ Tregs have a Th17-like phenotype, thereby producing IL17 and TNFα. Gpr15 deficiency repressed Treg infiltration in colorectal cancer, which paved the way for enhanced antitumoral CD8+ T-cell immunity and reduced tumorigenesis. In conclusion, GPR15 represents a promising novel target for modifying T-cell-mediated antitumoral immunity in colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: The G protein-coupled receptor 15, an unconventional chemokine receptor, directs Tregs into the colon, thereby modifying the tumor microenvironment and promoting intestinal tumorigenesis.See related commentary by Chakraborty and Zappasodi, p. 2817.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Adamczyk
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Pastille
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Kehrmann
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vivian P Vu
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marie-Hélène Wasmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Beat Muggli
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tilman T Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Buer
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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32
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Andersen AM, Lei MK, Beach SR, Philibert RA. Inflammatory biomarker relationships with helper T cell GPR15 expression and cannabis and tobacco smoking. J Psychosom Res 2021; 141:110326. [PMID: 33310155 PMCID: PMC9045001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking is associated with numerous inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. The goal of this study was to examine whether increased expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) on helper T cells in smokers could predispose to these conditions through its relationship with inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS We used flow cytometric measurement of GPR15+CD3+CD4+ helper T cells and serum assays for C-reactive protein (CRP) and 17 cytokines drawn from peripheral blood samples from a cohort of n = 62 primarily African American young adults (aged 27-35 years). These variables were examined cross-sectionally in conjunction with serum biomarkers of tobacco (cotinine) and cannabis (tetrahydrocannabinol) use and lifestyle factors potentially impacting immune function in correlational analyses and linear regression models. RESULTS Tobacco and cannabis smoking were strongly associated with increased GPR15 expression on helper T cells (p < 0.001), which was in turn was strongly associated with the ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.001). Mediation analyses indicated increased GPR15 expression accounted for roughly half of the relationship between smoking variables and pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. CRP was not associated with cannabis or tobacco use or GPR15+ expression, but was associated with body mass index (p < 0.001). These relationships persisted after controlling for lifestyle and medical factors impacting immune function. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of GPR15 by helper T cells in smokers may mediate some of the relationship between smoking and a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu. Better understanding of this relationship may help uncover how smoking increases the risk of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan M. Andersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242,Correspondence: Allan M. Andersen, MD, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52246, Tel: (319) 384-4420, Fax: (319) 353-3003,
| | - Man-Kit Lei
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602,Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Steven R.H. Beach
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602,Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Robert A. Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242,Behavioral Diagnostics, Coralville, Iowa 52241
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33
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Hayn M, Blötz A, Rodríguez A, Vidal S, Preising N, Ständker L, Wiese S, Stürzel CM, Harms M, Gross R, Jung C, Kiene M, Jacob T, Pöhlmann S, Forssmann WG, Münch J, Sparrer KMJ, Seuwen K, Hahn BH, Kirchhoff F. Natural cystatin C fragments inhibit GPR15-mediated HIV and SIV infection without interfering with GPR15L signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023776118. [PMID: 33431697 PMCID: PMC7826402 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023776118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR15 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) proposed to play a role in mucosal immunity that also serves as a major entry cofactor for HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). To discover novel endogenous GPR15 ligands, we screened a hemofiltrate (HF)-derived peptide library for inhibitors of GPR15-mediated SIV infection. Our approach identified a C-terminal fragment of cystatin C (CysC95-146) that specifically inhibits GPR15-dependent HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV infection. In contrast, GPR15L, the chemokine ligand of GPR15, failed to inhibit virus infection. We found that cystatin C fragments preventing GPR15-mediated viral entry do not interfere with GPR15L signaling and are generated by proteases activated at sites of inflammation. The antiretroviral activity of CysC95-146 was confirmed in primary CD4+ T cells and is conserved in simian hosts of SIV infection. Thus, we identified a potent endogenous inhibitor of GPR15-mediated HIV and SIV infection that does not interfere with the physiological function of this GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hayn
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Blötz
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Armando Rodríguez
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- PHARIS Biotec GmbH, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Solange Vidal
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nico Preising
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christina M Stürzel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirja Harms
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Gross
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Jung
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Kiene
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076;
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
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34
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Jegodzinski L, Sezin T, Loser K, Mousavi S, Zillikens D, Sadik CD. The G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPR) 15 Counteracts Antibody-Mediated Skin Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1858. [PMID: 32922401 PMCID: PMC7456807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) has recently been highlighted as an important regulator of T cell trafficking into the gut under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Additionally, circumstantial evidence has accumulated that GPR15 may also play a role in the regulation of chronic inflammation. However, the (patho)physiological significance of GPR15 has, in general, remained rather enigmatic. In the present study, we have addressed the role of GPR15 in the effector phase of autoantibody-mediated skin inflammation, specifically in the antibody transfer mouse model of bullous pemphigoid-like epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (BP-like EBA). Subjecting Gpr15 -/- mice to this model, we have uncovered that GPR15 counteracts skin inflammation. Thus, disease was markedly aggravated in Gpr15 -/- mice, which was associated with an increased accumulation of γδ T cells in the dermis. Furthermore, GPR15L, the recently discovered cognate ligand of GPR15, was markedly upregulated in inflamed skin. Collectively, our results highlight GPR15 as counter-regulator of neutrophilic, antibody-mediated cutaneous inflammation. Enhancing the activity of GPR15 may therefore constitute a novel therapeutic principle in the treatment of pemphigoid diseases, such as BP-like EBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jegodzinski
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tanya Sezin
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karin Loser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sadegh Mousavi
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Foster SR, Hauser AS, Vedel L, Strachan RT, Huang XP, Gavin AC, Shah SD, Nayak AP, Haugaard-Kedström LM, Penn RB, Roth BL, Bräuner-Osborne H, Gloriam DE. Discovery of Human Signaling Systems: Pairing Peptides to G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Cell 2020; 179:895-908.e21. [PMID: 31675498 PMCID: PMC6838683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The peptidergic system is the most abundant network of ligand-receptor-mediated signaling in humans. However, the physiological roles remain elusive for numerous peptides and more than 100 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we report the pairing of cognate peptides and receptors. Integrating comparative genomics across 313 species and bioinformatics on all protein sequences and structures of human class A GPCRs, we identify universal characteristics that uncover additional potential peptidergic signaling systems. Using three orthogonal biochemical assays, we pair 17 proposed endogenous ligands with five orphan GPCRs that are associated with diseases, including genetic, neoplastic, nervous and reproductive system disorders. We also identify additional peptides for nine receptors with recognized ligands and pathophysiological roles. This integrated computational and multifaceted experimental approach expands the peptide-GPCR network and opens the way for studies to elucidate the roles of these signaling systems in human physiology and disease. Video Abstract
Universal characteristics enabled prediction of peptide ligands and receptors Multifaceted screening enabled detection of pathway- and assay-dependent responses Peptide ligands discovered for BB3, GPR1, GPR15, GPR55, and GPR68 Each signaling system is a link to human physiology and is associated with disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Foster
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan T Strachan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ariana C Gavin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sushrut D Shah
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ajay P Nayak
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Linda M Haugaard-Kedström
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Hauser AS, Gloriam DE, Bräuner‐Osborne H, Foster SR. Novel approaches leading towards peptide GPCR de-orphanisation. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:961-968. [PMID: 31863461 PMCID: PMC7042120 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel ligands for orphan GPCRs has profoundly affected our understanding of human biology, opening new opportunities for research, and ultimately for therapeutic development. Accordingly, much effort has been directed towards the remaining orphan receptors, yet the rate of GPCR de-orphanisation has slowed in recent years. Here, we briefly review contemporary methodologies of de-orphanisation and then highlight our recent integrated computational and experimental approach for discovery of novel peptide ligands for orphan GPCRs. We identified putative endogenous peptide ligands and found peptide receptor sequence and structural characteristics present in selected orphan receptors. With comprehensive pharmacological screening using three complementary assays, we discovered novel pairings of 17 peptides with five different orphan GPCRs and revealed potential additional ligands for nine peptide GPCRs. These promising findings lay the foundation for future studies on these peptides and receptors to characterise their roles in human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - David E. Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Hans Bräuner‐Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Simon R. Foster
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
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Wang Y, Wang X, Xiong Y, Li CD, Xu Q, Shen L, Chandra Kaushik A, Wei DQ. An Integrated Pan-Cancer Analysis and Structure-Based Virtual Screening of GPR15. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246226. [PMID: 31835584 PMCID: PMC6940937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15, also known as BOB) is an extensively studied orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involving human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, colonic inflammation, and smoking-related diseases. Recently, GPR15 was deorphanized and its corresponding natural ligand demonstrated an ability to inhibit cancer cell growth. However, no study reported the potential role of GPR15 in a pan-cancer manner. Using large-scale publicly available data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, we found that GPR15 expression is significantly lower in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) than in normal tissues. Among 33 cancer types, GPR15 expression was significantly positively correlated with the prognoses of COAD, neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC), and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and significantly negatively correlated with stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). This study also revealed that commonly upregulated gene sets in the high GPR15 expression group (stratified via median) of COAD, HNSC, LUAD, and STAD are enriched in immune systems, indicating that GPR15 might be considered as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, we modelled the 3D structure of GPR15 and conducted structure-based virtual screening. The top eight hit compounds were screened and then subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for stability analysis. Our study provides novel insights into the role of GPR15 in a pan-cancer manner and discovered a potential hit compound for GPR15 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Xiangeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Yi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Cheng-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Aman Chandra Kaushik
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.K.); (D.-Q.W.)
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.K.); (D.-Q.W.)
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38
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Zundler S, Becker E, Schulze LL, Neurath MF. Immune cell trafficking and retention in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic advances. Gut 2019; 68:1688-1700. [PMID: 31127023 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal immune cell trafficking has been identified as a central event in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Intensive research on different aspects of the immune mechanisms controlling and controlled by T cell trafficking and retention has led to the approval of the anti-α4β7 antibody vedolizumab, the ongoing development of a number of further anti-trafficking agents (ATAs) such as the anti-β7 antibody etrolizumab or the anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody ontamalimab and the identification of potential future targets like G-protein coupled receptor 15. However, several aspects of the biology of immune cell trafficking and regarding the mechanism of action of ATAs are still unclear, for example, which impact these compounds have on the trafficking of non-lymphocyte populations like monocytes and how precisely these therapies differ with regard to their effect on immune cell subpopulations. This review will summarise recent advances of basic science in the field of intestinal immune cell trafficking and discuss these findings with regard to different pharmacological approaches from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emily Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Lou Schulze
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research & Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany
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39
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de Krijger M, Wildenberg ME, de Jonge WJ, Ponsioen CY. Return to sender: Lymphocyte trafficking mechanisms as contributors to primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 2019; 71:603-615. [PMID: 31108158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an inflammatory disease of the biliary tree, characterised by stricturing bile duct disease and progression to liver fibrosis. The pathophysiology of PSC is still unknown. The concurrence with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in about 70% of cases has led to the hypothesis that gut-homing lymphocytes aberrantly traffic to the liver, contributing to disease pathogenesis in patients with both PSC and IBD (PSC-IBD). The discovery of mutual trafficking pathways of lymphocytes to target tissues, and expression of gut-specific adhesion molecules and chemokines in the liver has pointed in this direction. There is now increasing interest in using drugs that intervene with these trafficking pathways (e.g. vedolizumab, etrolizumab) for the treatment of PSC-IBD. In this review we discuss what is currently known about the immunological interactions between the gut and the liver in concomitant PSC and IBD, as well as potential therapeutic options for intervening in these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon de Krijger
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon E Wildenberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cyriel Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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40
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Sezin T, Kempen L, Meyne LM, Mousavi S, Zillikens D, Sadik CD. GPR15 is not critically involved in the regulation of murine psoriasiform dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 94:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Andersen AM, Lei MK, Philibert RA, Beach SRH. Methylation of MTHFR Moderates the Effect of Smoking on Genomewide Methylation Among Middle Age African Americans. Front Genet 2018; 9:622. [PMID: 30619455 PMCID: PMC6296342 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential methylation at MTHFR (mMTHFR) has been examined previously as a moderator of changes in methylation among nascent smokers, but the effects of mMTHFR on genomewide patterns of methylation among established smokers in middle age are unknown. In the current investigation we examined a sample of 180 African American middle-aged smokers and non-smokers to test for patterns indicative of three different potential mechanisms of impact on epigenetic remodeling in response to long-term smoking. We found that mMTHFR moderated the association between smoking and changes in methylation for more than 25% of the 909 loci previously identified as being associated with smoking at a genomewide level of significance in middle-aged African Americans. Observed patterns of effect indicated amplification of both hyper and hypo methylating responses to smoking among those with lower mMTHFR. Moderating effects were robust to controls for sex, age, diet, and cell-type variation. Implications for potential mechanisms conferring effects are discussed. Of particular potential practical importance was a strong effect of mMTHFR on hypomethylation at GPR15 in response to smoking, indicative of the differential impact of MTHFR activity on changes in a specific cell population linked to inflammatory disease in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan M Andersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Man-Kit Lei
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Robert A Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Behavioral Diagnostics, Coralville, IA, United States
| | - Steven R H Beach
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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42
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Bauer M, Hackermüller J, Schor J, Schreiber S, Fink B, Pierzchalski A, Herberth G. Specific induction of the unique GPR15 expression in heterogeneous blood lymphocytes by tobacco smoking. Biomarkers 2018; 24:217-224. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1539769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Hackermüller
- Young Investigators Group Bioinformatics and Transcriptomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Schor
- Young Investigators Group Bioinformatics and Transcriptomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreiber
- Young Investigators Group Bioinformatics and Transcriptomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Fink
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Pierzchalski
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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43
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Ammitzbøll C, von Essen MR, Börnsen L, Petersen ER, McWilliam O, Ratzer R, Romme Christensen J, Oturai AB, Søndergaard HB, Sellebjerg F. GPR15 + T cells are Th17 like, increased in smokers and associated with multiple sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2018; 97:114-121. [PMID: 30245027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a risk factor for the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the pathogenic effects of smoking are poorly understood. We studied the smoking-associated chemokine receptor-like molecule GPR15 in relation to relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Using microarray analyses and qPCR we found elevated GPR15 in blood cells from smokers, and increased GPR15 expression in RRMS. By flow cytometry we detected increased frequencies of GPR15 expressing T and B cells in smokers, but no difference between patients with RRMS and healthy controls. However, after cell culture with the autoantigens myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, frequencies of MBP-reactive and non-proliferating GPR15+CD4+ T cells were increased in patients with RRMS compared with healthy controls. GPR15+CD4+ T cells produced IL-17 and were enriched in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Furthermore, in the CSF of patients with RRMS, GPR15+ T cells were associated with CCR6+CXCR3+/CCR6-CXCR3+ phenotypes and correlated positively with concentrations of the newly identified GPR15-ligand (GPR15L), myelin degradation and disability. In conclusion, we have identified a proinflammatory cell type linking smoking with pathogenic immune cell functions in RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Ammitzbøll
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Marina R von Essen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Lars Börnsen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Eva Rosa Petersen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Oskar McWilliam
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Ratzer
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Jeppe Romme Christensen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Annette B Oturai
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Helle B Søndergaard
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Denmark.
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Lamb CA, O'Byrne S, Keir ME, Butcher EC. Gut-Selective Integrin-Targeted Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:S653-S668. [PMID: 29767705 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors with bidirectional signalling capabilities that can bind to adhesion molecules in order to mediate homing of leukocytes to peripheral tissues. Gut-selective leukocyte homing is facilitated by interactions between α4β7 and its ligand, mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1 [MAdCAM-1], while retention of lymphocytes in mucosal tissues is mediated by αEβ7 binding to its ligand E-cadherin. Therapies targeting gut-selective trafficking have shown efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], confirming the importance of leukocyte trafficking in disease pathobiology. This review will provide an overview of integrin structure, function and signalling, and highlight the role that these molecules play in leukocyte homing and retention. Anti-integrin therapeutics, including gut-selective antibodies against the β7 integrin subunit [etrolizumab] and the α4β7 integrin heterodimer [vedolizumab and abrilumab], and the non-gut selective anti-α4 integrin [natalizumab], will be discussed, as well as novel targeting approaches using small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lamb
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sharon O'Byrne
- Global Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mary E Keir
- Genentech Research & Early Development, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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45
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Trivedi PJ, Adams DH. Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Pitfalls and Promise. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:S641-S652. [PMID: 30137309 PMCID: PMC6104621 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The principal targets for anti-chemokine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been the receptors CCR9 and CXCR3 and their respective ligands CCL25 and CXCL10. More recently CCR6 and its ligand CCL20 have also received attention, the expression of the latter in enterocytes being manipulated through Smad7 signalling. These pathways, selected based on their fundamental role in regulating mucosal immunity, have led to the development of several therapeutic candidates that have been tested in early phase clinical trials with variable clinical efficacy. In this article, we appraise the status of chemokine-directed therapy in IBD, review recent developments, and nominate future areas for therapeutic focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak J Trivedi
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David H Adams
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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46
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C10orf99 contributes to the development of psoriasis by promoting the proliferation of keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8590. [PMID: 29872130 PMCID: PMC5988722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is complex and has not been fully understood. C10orf99 was a recently identified human antimicrobial peptide whose mRNA expression is elevated in psoriatic human skin samples. In this study, we investigated the functional roles of C10orf99 in epidermal proliferation under inflammatory condition. We showed that C10orf99 protein was significantly up-regulated in psoriatic skin samples from patients and the ortholog gene expression levels were up-regulated in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. Using M5-stimulated HaCaT cell line model of inflammation and a combinational approach of knockdown and overexpression of C10orf99, we demonstrated that C10orf99 could promote keratinocyte proliferation by facilitating the G1/S transition, and the pro-proliferation effect of C10orf99 was associated with the activation of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB but not the AKT pathways. Local depletion of C10orf99 by lentiviral vectors expressing C10orf99 shRNA effectively ameliorated IMQ-induced dermatitis. Taken together, these results indicate that C10orf99 plays a contributive role in psoriasis pathogenesis and may serve as a new target for psoriasis treatment.
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47
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The G protein-coupled receptors deorphanization landscape. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:62-74. [PMID: 29454621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are usually highlighted as being both the largest family of membrane proteins and the most productive source of drug targets. However, most of the GPCRs are understudied and hence cannot be used immediately for innovative therapeutic strategies. Besides, there are still around 100 orphan receptors, with no described endogenous ligand and no clearly defined function. The race to discover new ligands for these elusive receptors seems to be less intense than before. Here, we present an update of the various strategies employed to assign a function to these receptors and to discover new ligands. We focus on the recent advances in the identification of endogenous ligands with a detailed description of newly deorphanized receptors. Replication being a key parameter in these endeavors, we also discuss the latest controversies about problematic ligand-receptor pairings. In this context, we propose several recommendations in order to strengthen the reporting of new ligand-receptor pairs.
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