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Soliman AM, Ghorab WM, Ghorab MM, ElKenawy NM, El-Sabbagh WA, Ramadan LA. Novel quinazoline sulfonamide-based scaffolds modulate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia in immunodeficient irradiated model: Regulatory role of TGF-β. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107559. [PMID: 38905889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
A library of new quinazoline pharmacophores bearing benzenesulfonamide moiety was designed and synthesized. Compounds 3a-n were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against eight multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Compounds 3d and 3n exhibited prominent antibacterial activity, specifically against MRSA. After exhibiting relative in vitro and in vivo safety, compound 3n was selected to assess its anti-inflammatory activity displaying promising COX-2 inhibitory activity compared to Ibuprofen. In vivo experimental MRSA pneumonia model was conducted on immunodeficient (irradiated) mice to reveal the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory responses of compound 3n compared to azithromycin (AZ). Treatment with compound 3n (10 and 20 mg/kg) as well as AZ resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial counts in lung tissues, suppression of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), lung interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Compound 3n showed a non-significant deviation of lung TGF-β1 from normal values which in turn controlled the lung inflammatory status and impacted the histopathological results. Molecular docking of 3n showed promising interactions inside the active sites of TGF-β and COX-2. Our findings present a new dual-target quinazoline benzenesulfonamide derivative 3n, which possesses significant potential for treating MRSA-induced pneumonia in an immunocompromised state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiten M Soliman
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Walid M Ghorab
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Ghorab
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt.
| | - Nora M ElKenawy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Sabbagh
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Laila A Ramadan
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt; Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
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Yang X, Shen Y, Hu T, Li H, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Wu D. Carrimycin in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Complicated with Life-Threatening Mixed Perianal Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:3637-3642. [PMID: 39184012 PMCID: PMC11345016 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s475982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Perianal infection has a high incidence and mortality rate in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Sometimes there is a lack of effective anti-infective treatment regimens. Case Presentation A 58-year-old male diagnosed with AML presented with secondary perianal infection and septic shock upon admission. Although multiple pathogen cultivation and antibiotic sensitivity tests indicated the presence of sensitive strains, the corresponding antibiotics were ineffective. As a last resort, carrimycin was introduced, ultimately controlling the infection and leading to disease remission. Conclusion Carrimycin is a complementary treatment option when conventional antibiotic therapy fails. It operates through multiple mechanisms beyond its antibiotic properties and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawan Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base (Hematology), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base (Hematology), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tonglin Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base (Hematology), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hangchao Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base (Hematology), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base (Hematology), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base (Hematology), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dijiong Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base (Hematology), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Raghavan S, Kim KS. Host immunomodulation strategies to combat pandemic-associated antimicrobial-resistant secondary bacterial infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024:107308. [PMID: 39168417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of secondary bacterial infections has increased in recent decades owing to various viral pandemics. These infections further increase the morbidity and mortality rates associated with viral infections and remain a significant challenge in clinical practice. Intensive antibiotic therapy has mitigated the threat of such infections; however, overuse and misuse of antibiotics have resulted in poor outcomes, such as inducing the emergence of bacterial populations with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and reducing the therapeutic options for this crisis. Several antibiotic substitutes have been suggested and employed; however, they have certain limitations and novel alternatives are urgently required. This review highlights host immunomodulation as a promising strategy against secondary bacterial infections to overcome AMR. The definition and risk factors of secondary bacterial infections, features and limitations of currently available therapeutic strategies, host immune responses, and future perspectives for treating such infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimathi Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Kwang-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Du N, You D, Tenzing D, Qu D, Meng J, Wang Y, He J. Carrimycin, as One of the Drugs in Combination Therapy, for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:3617-3621. [PMID: 39184014 PMCID: PMC11342940 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s468413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Infection with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a tough nut to crack. Carrimycin is a novel recombinant macrolide antibiotic, and has good anti-infection effects in vivo. At present, it is rarely reported for treatment of CRAB infection. We present a case where a patient with COVID-19 complicated by CRAB infection was successfully treated with a combination therapy including carrimycin, offering clinical insights and experience. Patients and Methods The patient infected with CRAB was cured by carrimycin combined with tigecycline and amikacin ultimately. We analyzed and summarized the therapeutic regimen and disease feature to provide reference for clinical treatment. Results The patient was admitted to emergency observation wards with fever and was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. During the treatment, his condition worsened. He had a fever, cough, and expectoration. After 3 days of empirical treatment with meropenem, tested positive for A. baumannii infection by the next-generation sequencing, and CRAB was detected in blood and sputum culture. Then, he was administered with tigecycline and amikacin immediately for 5 days, however the therapeutic effect was not significant. The patient still remained in a high inflammatory response. Ultimately, the treatment regimen was changed to carrimycin combined with tigecycline and amikacin for 7 days, and then carrimycin combined with tigecycline for 10 days, the patient's clinical condition gradually improved. The patient received carrimycin monotherapy for 7 days, then discharged. Conclusion Carrimycin may be a bright alternative for CRAB infection as one of the drugs in combination therapy, especially in a patient with hyperinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Du
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan You
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dava Tenzing
- Department of Emergency, People’s Hospital of Shigatse City, Shigatse, Xizang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Meier A, Sakoulas G, Nizet V, Ulloa ER. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: An Emerging Therapeutic Target to Improve Infectious Disease Outcomes. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:514-521. [PMID: 38728418 PMCID: PMC11326844 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils possess a diverse repertoire of pathogen clearance mechanisms, one of which is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are complexes of histone proteins and DNA coated with proteolytic enzymes that are released extracellularly to entrap pathogens and aid in their clearance, in a process known as NETosis. Intravascular NETosis may drive a massive inflammatory response that has been shown to contribute to morbidity and mortality in many infectious diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, influenza, bacterial sepsis, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. In this review we seek to (1) summarize the current understanding of NETs, (2) discuss infectious diseases in which NET formation contributes to morbidity and mortality, and (3) explore potential adjunctive therapeutics that may be considered for future study in treating severe infections driven by NET pathophysiology. This includes drugs specifically targeting NET inhibition and US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that may be repurposed as NET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Meier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - George Sakoulas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group, San Diego
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM)
| | - Victor Nizet
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM)
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Erlinda R Ulloa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
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Rocha KM, Farid M, Raju L, Beckman K, Ayres BD, Yeu E, Rao N, Chamberlain W, Zavodni Z, Lee B, Schallhorn J, Garg S, Mah FS. Eyelid margin disease (blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction): clinical review of evidence-based and emerging treatments. J Cataract Refract Surg 2024; 50:876-882. [PMID: 38350160 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Blepharitis is a common ophthalmic condition with multiple etiologies and no definitive, universal treatment. The treatment modalities for managing lid margin diseases vary depending on the disease's cause, location, and severity. For anterior blepharitis, management options include eyelid hygiene with warm compresses, eyelid scrubs, baby shampoo, and over-the-counter eyelid cleansers. Topical antibiotics and antibiotic-steroid combination drops/ointments for the eye and eyelid may accompany these. For posterior blepharitis/meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), at-home warm compress or in-office administration of heat therapy/thermal pulsation treatment that aims to clear obstruction in the meibomian glands and restore meibum secretions to maintain a healthy tear film is recommended. In addition to the above treatment strategies, various other compounds to manage lid margin diseases are in the late stages of development. This review summarizes the available treatment modalities or those in the pipeline for treating blepharitis and MGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolinne Maia Rocha
- From the Medical University of South Carolina, Storm Eye Institute, Charleston, South Carolina (Rocha); University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California (Farid); New York University, Langone, New York, New York (Raju); Wills Eye Institute, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Beckman); Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Ayres); Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, Virginia (Yeu); Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (Rao); Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (Chamberlain); The Eye Institute of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Zavodni); Eye Consultants of Atlanta and Georgia Eye Bank, Atlanta, Georgia (Lee); Department of Ophthalmology and Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Schallhorn); Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California (Garg); Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California (Mah)
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Cheng J, Liu Y, Zhang G, Tan L, Luo Z. Azithromycin Effectiveness in Children with Mutated Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2933-2942. [PMID: 39011344 PMCID: PMC11249021 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s466994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is highly resistant to macrolides in China. However, macrolides still exhibit clinical effectiveness in some macrolide-resistant patients. We tend to explore azithromycin effectiveness in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) children with A2063/2064G mutation. Methods This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at the Children's Hospital of the Chongqing Medical University. Children with macrolide-resistant mutations (A2063/2064G) diagnosed as MPP were retrospectively enrolled. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate and identify independent risk factors for treatment failure (progress to refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia [RMPP]) in macrolide-unresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MUMPP) children with the A2063/2064G mutation. Results One hundred fifty-five children were retrospectively enrolled. More than 20% (36/155, 23.23%) of patients experienced defervescence within 3 days of azithromycin treatment. RMPP was diagnosed in 54 patients (54/155, 34.84%) and the incidence of RMPP during hospitalization was 22.72 per 1000 person-days. Logistic regression analysis showed that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥ 399 (U/L) was an independent risk factor for RMPP (odds ratio [OR] 4.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31-17.10, P=0.017). During the year followed, RMPP patients had a significantly higher incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans and bronchiectasis than non-RMPP patients (16.67% vs 1.98%, P=0.001; 9.26% vs 0.00%, P=0.005, respectively). Conclusion Azithromycin was effective in children with MPP with the A2063/2064G mutation. For MUMPP children with A2063/2064G mutation, children with LDH ≥ 399 (U/L) had significant higher risk for progression to RMPP, and should consider to be treated with alternative antibiotics (eg tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Emergency, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Big Data Engineering Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Youyoubaobei Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Big Data Engineering Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Tan
- Department of Emergency, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Big Data Engineering Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiu Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Big Data Engineering Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
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Chacorowski ARP, Lima VDO, Menezes E, Teixeira JJV, Bertolini DA. Acute viral bronchiolitis phenotype in response to glucocorticoid and bronchodilator treatment. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100396. [PMID: 38843677 PMCID: PMC11215958 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze whether infants admitted to hospital with Acute Viral Bronchiolitis (AVB), who received glucocorticoids and bronchodilators, and who had an atopic phenotype, spent less time in hospital and/or less time on oxygen therapy when compared to those who did not have the phenotype. METHOD A cross-sectional, retrospective epidemiological study was developed with data from medical records of infants admitted to hospital due to AVB from 2012 to 2019 in a sentinel public hospital. It was verified that the frequency of prescription of glucocorticoids, bronchodilators and antibiotics. Length of stay and oxygen therapy duration were then compared in the group that used glucocorticoids and bronchodilators between those who had a personal or family history of atopy and those who did not. Subsequently, the length of hospital stay was compared among infants who received antibiotic therapy and those who did not. RESULTS Fifty-eight infants were included. Of these, 62.1 % received an antibiotic, 100 % a bronchodilator and 98.3 % a glucocorticoid. When comparing infants without a family history of atopy, those who received antibiotics had a longer hospital stay (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The presence of an atopic phenotype did not interfere with the length of stay and/or oxygen therapy duration of those who received bronchodilators and glucocorticoids. Increased length of stay of infants without a family history of atopy, who used antibiotics without evidence of bacterial co-infection, and the high frequency of prescription of non-recommended drugs call attention to stricter protocol implementation and professional training in AVB diagnosis and care.
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M Yusoff NNF, Ahmad S, Wan Abdul Rahman WF, Mohamud R, C Boer J, Plebanski M, Abdullah B, Chen X, Tengku Din TADAA. CD4+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T-cells in Modulating Inflammatory Microenvironment in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Progress and Future Prospect. Cytokine 2024; 178:156557. [PMID: 38452440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) characterized by the presence of nasal polyps (NP) in the paranasal mucosa. Despite the complex etiology, NP is believed to result from chronic inflammation. The long-term aftermath of the type 2 response is responsible for symptoms seen in NP patients, i.e. rhinorrhea, hyposmia, and nasal obstruction. Immune cellular tolerogenic mechanisms, particularly CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs), are crucial to curtail inflammatory responses. Current evidence suggests impaired Treg activity is the main reason underlying the compromise of self-tolerance, contributing to the onset of CRSwNP. There is compelling evidence that tumor necrosis factor 2 (TNFR2) is preferentially expressed by Tregs, and TNFR2 is able to identify the most potent suppressive subset of Tregs. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-TNFR2 interaction plays a decisive role in the activation and expansion of Tregs. This review summarizes current understanding of Tregs biology, focusing on the discussion of the recent advances in the study of TNF-TNFR2 axis in the upregulation of Treg function as a negative feedback mechanism in the control of chronic inflammation. The role of dysregulation of Tregs in the immunopathogenesis of CRSwNP will be analyzed. The future perspective on the harnessing Tregs-mediated self-tolerant mechanism in the management of CRSwNP will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Najwa Farahin M Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer C Boer
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Baharudin Abdullah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Trifi A, Tlili B, Kallel Sellami M, Feki M, Mehdi A, Seghir E, Messaoud L, Abdellatif S, Ben Lakhal S. Immunologic effect and clinical impact of erythromycin in septic patients: A randomized clinical trial. J Crit Care 2024; 81:154533. [PMID: 38359518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.154533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the potential regulatory effect of erythromycin added to standard care in septic patients on sepsis biomarkers and clinical outcome. It was a single-blind randomized trial including critical septic patients. The primary endpoint was the change in the TNF/IL-10 ratio between days 0 and 6. Changes in other biomarkers, vasopressor use, and 28-day mortality were secondary endpoints. One hundred and ten patients were examined (erythromycin group, n = 55 versus placebo group, n = 55). Clinical features of the groups were well matched. Erythromycin addition had no beneficial effects on the TNF/IL-10 ratio or mortality (51% vs. 47%, p = 0.62). Both groups' serum TNF/IL-10 ratios did not significantly rise (from 0.48 [0.34-1.18] to 0.59 [0.21-1.10] vs. 0.65 [0.25-1.14] to 0.93 [0.24-1.88] in the erythromycin and placebo groups, respectively; p values = 0.86 and 0.12). Serum Procalcitonin (PCT) and CRP dropped considerably in the Erythromycin group, whereas only PCT showed a drop in the placebo group. On day 6, the non-survivors' serum TNF/IL-10 ratio was lower than that of the survivors (0.55 [0.17-1.04] vs 1.08 [0.4-2.28], p = 0.029). Neither the pro/anti-inflammatory imbalance nor the mortality were impacted by the addition of erythromycin to standard care in septic patients (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04665089 (11/12/2020)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Trifi
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, La Rabta Teaching Hospital, Rue Jabbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Badis Tlili
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, La Rabta Teaching Hospital, Rue Jabbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Moncef Feki
- Biochemistry Laboratory, La Rabta Teaching Hospital, Rue Jabbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Mehdi
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, La Rabta Teaching Hospital, Rue Jabbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Eya Seghir
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, La Rabta Teaching Hospital, Rue Jabbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lynda Messaoud
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, La Rabta Teaching Hospital, Rue Jabbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Abdellatif
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, La Rabta Teaching Hospital, Rue Jabbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salah Ben Lakhal
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, La Rabta Teaching Hospital, Rue Jabbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
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Saito R, Domon H, Hiyoshi T, Hirayama S, Maekawa T, Takenaka S, Noiri Y, Ikeda A, Hirose T, Sunazuka T, Terao Y. A novel 12-membered ring non-antibiotic macrolide EM982 attenuates cytokine production by inhibiting IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107384. [PMID: 38762177 PMCID: PMC11190463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to human health worldwide and its incidence continues to increase owing to the overuse of antibiotics and other factors. Macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin (EM) have immunomodulatory effects in addition to their antibacterial activity. Long-term, low-dose administration of macrolides has shown clinical benefits in treating non-infectious inflammatory respiratory diseases. However, this practice may also increase the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we synthesized a series of EM derivatives, and screened them for two criteria: (i) lack of antibacterial activity and (ii) ability to suppress tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in THP-1 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Among the 37 synthesized derivatives, we identified a novel 12-membered ring macrolide EM982 that lacked antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and suppressed the production of TNF-α and other cytokines. The effects of EM982 on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling were analyzed using a reporter assay and Western blotting. The reporter assay showed that EM982 suppressed the activation of transcription factors, NF-κB and/or activator protein 1 (AP-1), in HEK293 cells expressing human TLR4. Western blotting showed that EM982 inhibited the phosphorylation of both IκB kinase (IKK) β and IκBα, which function upstream of NF-κB, whereas it did not affect the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which act upstream of AP-1. These results suggest that EM982 suppresses cytokine production by inhibiting phosphorylation of IKKβ and IκBα, resulting in the inactivation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Saito
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takumi Hiyoshi
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoru Hirayama
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akari Ikeda
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirose
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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12
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Cheng K, Aitken EH, Hasang W, Meagher N, Price DJ, Madanitsa M, Mwapasa V, Phiri KS, Dodd J, ter Kuile FO, Rogerson SJ. Intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine but not dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine modulates the relationship between inflammatory markers and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Malawi. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003198. [PMID: 38753813 PMCID: PMC11098340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Women in malaria-endemic areas receive sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy (IPTp) to reduce malaria. While dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) has superior antimalarial properties as IPTp, SP is associated with superior fetal growth. As maternal inflammation influences fetal growth, we investigated whether SP alters the relationship between inflammation and birth outcomes. We measured C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) at enrollment (16-28 gestation weeks (gw)), visit 3 (24-36 gw) and delivery in 1319 Malawian women randomized to receive monthly SP, DP, or DP and single-dose azithromycin (AZ) in the IMPROVE trial (NCT03208179). Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between adverse outcomes, inflammation, and treatment arm. Elevated AGP at enrollment was associated with adverse birth outcome (aRR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.70), with similar associations observed across treatment arms, exceptions being that elevated AGP was associated with low maternal weight gain in SP recipients (aRR 1.94, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.76) and with small for gestational age in DP+AZ recepients (aRR 1.49, 95% CI 1.02, 2.17). At visit 3 there were few associations between inflammation andoutcomes. At delivery, women with elevated AGP receiving either DP or DP+AZ had an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes (aRR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.00), including low birth weight, pre-term birth and foetal loss, this was not seen in women receiving SP (aRR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.26). The risk of an association between elevated AGP and adverse birth outcome was higher in those receiving DP or DP+AZ compared to those receiving SP (aRR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.13). No clear associations between CRP and adverse outcomes were observed. AGP identified women at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. SP modifies the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and adverse outcomes. Our findings provide insights into potential mechanisms by which SP may improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylene Cheng
- Department of Medicine (RMH), The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H. Aitken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wina Hasang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niamh Meagher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J. Price
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mwayiwawo Madanitsa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Mwapasa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kamija S. Phiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Training and Research Unit of Excellence, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - James Dodd
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Feiko O. ter Kuile
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Rogerson
- Department of Medicine (RMH), The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Paukner S, Kimber S, Cumper C, Rea-Davies T, Sueiro Ballesteros L, Kirkham C, Hargreaves A, Gelone SP, Richards C, Wicha WW. In Vivo Immune-Modulatory Activity of Lefamulin in an Influenza Virus A (H1N1) Infection Model in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5401. [PMID: 38791439 PMCID: PMC11121702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lefamulin is a first-in-class systemic pleuromutilin antimicrobial and potent inhibitor of bacterial translation, and the most recent novel antimicrobial approved for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It exhibits potent antibacterial activity against the most prevalent bacterial pathogens that cause typical and atypical pneumonia and other infectious diseases. Early studies indicate additional anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we further investigated the immune-modulatory activity of lefamulin in the influenza A/H1N1 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model in BALB/c mice. Comparators included azithromycin, an anti-inflammatory antimicrobial, and the antiviral oseltamivir. Lefamulin significantly decreased the total immune cell infiltration, specifically the neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, NK cells, and B-cells into the lung by Day 6 at both doses tested compared to the untreated vehicle control group (placebo), whereas azithromycin and oseltamivir did not significantly affect the total immune cell counts at the tested dosing regimens. Bronchioalveolar lavage fluid concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF were significantly reduced, and MCP-1 concentrations were lowered (not significantly) by lefamulin at the clinically relevant 'low' dose on Day 3 when the viral load peaked. Similar effects were also observed for oseltamivir and azithromycin. Lefamulin also decreased the viral load (TCID50) by half a log10 by Day 6 and showed positive effects on the gross lung pathology and survival. Oseltamivir and lefamulin were efficacious in the suppression of the development of influenza-induced bronchi-interstitial pneumonia, whereas azithromycin did not show reduced pathology at the tested treatment regimen. The observed anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory activity of lefamulin at the tested treatment regimens highlights a promising secondary pharmacological property of lefamulin. While these results require confirmation in a clinical trial, they indicate that lefamulin may provide an immune-modulatory activity beyond its proven potent antibacterial activity. This additional activity may benefit CAP patients and potentially prevent acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Paukner
- Nabriva Therapeutics GmbH, Leberstrasse 20, 1110 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sandra Kimber
- Charles River Discovery, Portishead BS20 7AW, UK; (S.K.); (C.C.); (T.R.-D.); (L.S.B.); (C.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Charlotte Cumper
- Charles River Discovery, Portishead BS20 7AW, UK; (S.K.); (C.C.); (T.R.-D.); (L.S.B.); (C.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Tina Rea-Davies
- Charles River Discovery, Portishead BS20 7AW, UK; (S.K.); (C.C.); (T.R.-D.); (L.S.B.); (C.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Lorena Sueiro Ballesteros
- Charles River Discovery, Portishead BS20 7AW, UK; (S.K.); (C.C.); (T.R.-D.); (L.S.B.); (C.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Christopher Kirkham
- Charles River Discovery, Portishead BS20 7AW, UK; (S.K.); (C.C.); (T.R.-D.); (L.S.B.); (C.K.); (C.R.)
| | | | | | - Claire Richards
- Charles River Discovery, Portishead BS20 7AW, UK; (S.K.); (C.C.); (T.R.-D.); (L.S.B.); (C.K.); (C.R.)
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14
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Tosi M, Coloretti I, Meschiari M, De Biasi S, Girardis M, Busani S. The Interplay between Antibiotics and the Host Immune Response in Sepsis: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Considerations: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38786135 PMCID: PMC11117367 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis poses a significant global health challenge due to immune system dysregulation. This narrative review explores the complex relationship between antibiotics and the immune system, aiming to clarify the involved mechanisms and their clinical impacts. From pre-clinical studies, antibiotics exhibit various immunomodulatory effects, including the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, interaction with Toll-Like Receptors, modulation of the P38/Pmk-1 Pathway, inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases, blockade of nitric oxide synthase, and regulation of caspase-induced apoptosis. Additionally, antibiotic-induced alterations to the microbiome are associated with changes in systemic immunity, affecting cellular and humoral responses. The adjunctive use of antibiotics in sepsis patients, particularly macrolides, has attracted attention due to their immune-regulatory effects. However, there are limited data comparing different types of macrolides. More robust evidence comes from studies on community-acquired pneumonia, especially in severe cases with a hyper-inflammatory response. While studies on septic shock have shown mixed results regarding mortality rates and immune response modulation, conflicting findings are also observed with macrolides in acute respiratory distress syndrome. In conclusion, there is a pressing need to tailor antibiotic therapy based on the patient's immune profile to optimize outcomes in sepsis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.T.); (I.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Irene Coloretti
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.T.); (I.C.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena, and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.T.); (I.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Stefano Busani
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.T.); (I.C.); (M.G.)
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15
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Böscke R. [Difficult-to-treat chronic rhinosinusitis-when the standard treatment is not effective and biologics are not available]. HNO 2024; 72:231-241. [PMID: 38472346 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-024-01443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, significant improvements have been made in the treatment options for uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refractory to standard medical and surgical therapy. This is the result of a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the resulting development of biologicals for CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, biologics are not (yet) available for all patients in Europe. OBJECTIVE Based on the session "Difficult-to-treat CRS, when biologics are not available" at the 29th Congress of the European Rhinologic Society (ERS) 2023 in Sofia, Bulgaria, the treatment options for uncontrolled CRS with the exclusion of biologics will be discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The content of the presentations "Is there a place for antibiotics?" "Indications for revision surgery," "Novel systemic treatment options," "Novel local treatment options," and "Phototherapy for nasal polyps" are outlined and supported by a review of the literature. RESULTS Various treatment options are available for managing uncontrolled CRS, even if biologic treatments are unavailable. Treatment options for type‑2 (T2) CRS include steroid rinses, repeated short-term oral steroids, steroid-eluting stents, and extended sinus surgery. In the case of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) desensitization can be considered. Non-T2 endotypes or CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) may benefit from several weeks of macrolides and xylitol rinses. CONCLUSION To accurately assess the efficacy of second-line therapies for treatment of difficult-to-treat CRS within an endotype-specific framework, additional controlled clinical trials are needed that take into account the heterogeneity of CRS endotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Böscke
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Medizinischer Campus der Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Steinweg 13-17, 26122, Oldenburg, Deutschland.
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16
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Li P, Wang W, Zhang X, Pan J, Gong L. Observational retrospective clinical study on clinical features of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Chinese pediatric cases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5632. [PMID: 38453960 PMCID: PMC10920782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory findings between children infected with Macrolide-Sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MSMP) and Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP). Additionally, the research sought to identify laboratory markers for rapidly distinguishing refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) from ordinary Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (OMPP). In total, 265 Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) patients were included, with MRMP identified by specific point mutations in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene. A retrospective analysis compared the clinical courses and laboratory data, revealing that MRMP patients experienced prolonged febrile days (P = 0.004), elevated CRP levels (P < 0.001), and higher MP DNA loads than MSMP patients (P = 0.037). Based on clinical symptoms, MRMP was divided into RMPP (n = 56) and OMPP (n = 70), with RMPP demonstrating significantly increased IL-18, community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxins in nasopharyngeal aspirate, and serum CRP levels (P < 0.001; P = 0.006; P < 0.001). In conclusion, timely recognition of RMPP is crucial for enhancing prognosis. The identification of MRMP, coupled with proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-18, CARDS toxins, and CRP, emerges as promising markers with the potential to contribute significantly to diagnostic accuracy and prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lina Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
- Department of Medical Risk Management, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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17
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Workman AD, Chang J, Lerner DK, Wilensky J, Montone KT, Bosso JV, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, Kohanski MA. Utilizing Histopathology to Predict Success with Macrolide Therapy in CRS Patients. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1003-1004. [PMID: 38214424 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
There is currently interest regarding CRSsNP patients with refractory symptomatology following functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and which of these patients can derive benefit from low-dose macrolide therapy. In the present study, we analyze a cohort of over fifty CRSsNP patients on macrolide therapy; structured histopathological findings at the time of surgery were analyzed against the success of macrolide treatment. Independently, fibrosis, absence of squamous metaplasia, absence of eosinophilia, presence of neutrophilic infiltrate, and lymphoplasmocytic predominance were all associated with objective success of macrolide treatment; these findings may allow clinicians to more appropriately select patients for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Workman
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy Chang
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - David K Lerner
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Jadyn Wilensky
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Kathleen T Montone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - John V Bosso
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - James N Palmer
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Michael A Kohanski
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
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18
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Nemidkanam V, Banlunara W, Chaichanawongsaroj N. Kaempferia parviflora Extracellular Vesicle Loaded with Clarithromycin for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1967-1983. [PMID: 38435753 PMCID: PMC10908287 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s444686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Kaempferia parviflora extracellular vesicles (KPEVs) have been reported as promising nanovesicles for drug delivery. This study aimed to load clarithromycin (CLA) into KPEVs (KPEVS-CLA) and determine the physical properties, drug-releasing efficiency, gastric cell uptake, anti-H. pylori activities, and anti-inflammatory responses in comparison with free CLA and KPEVs. Methods The size and surface charge of KPEVs-CLA were evaluated using dynamic light scattering and visualized using a transmission electron microscope. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%), loading capacity (LC%), and drug release of KPEVs-CLA were examined using HPLC. Anti-H. pylori growth and anti-adhesion were evaluated. IL-8 gene expression, NF-κB signaling proteins, and anti-inflammatory profiles were examined using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and Bio-Plex immunoassay, respectively. Anti-chemotaxis was then examined using a Transwell assay. Results KPEVs-CLA were intact and showed a negative surface charge similar to that of KPEVs. However, slightly enlarged KPEVs were observed. CLA was successfully loaded into KPEVs with EE of 93.45% ± 2.43%, LC of 9.3% ± 3.02%. CLA release in the PBS and gastric mimic buffer with Fickian diffusion (n ≤ 0.43) according to Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model (R2=0.98). KPEVs-CLA was localized in the gastric cells' cytoplasm and perinuclear region. Anti-H. pylori growth and anti-H. pylori adhesion of KPEVs-CLA were compared with those of free CLA with no cytotoxicity to adenocarcinoma gastric cells. KPEVs-CLA significantly reduced IL-8, G-CSF, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β levels. Moreover, KPEVs-CLA showed a superior effect over CLA in reducing G-CSF, MIP-1α, and NF-κB phosphorylation and monocyte chemotactic activities. Conclusion KPEVs serve as potential carriers of CLA. They exhibited a higher efficiency in inhibiting gastric cell inflammation mediated by H. pylori infection than free CLA. The establishment of KPEVs-CLA as a nanodrug delivery model for H. pylori treatment could be applied to other plant extracellular vesicles or loaded with other cancer drugs for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Variya Nemidkanam
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuntaree Chaichanawongsaroj
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Research Unit of Innovative Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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19
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Chan M, Ghadieh C, Irfan I, Khair E, Padilla N, Rebeiro S, Sidgreaves A, Patravale V, Disouza J, Catanzariti R, Pont L, Williams K, De Rubis G, Mehndiratta S, Dhanasekaran M, Dua K. Exploring the influence of the microbiome on the pharmacology of anti-asthmatic drugs. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:751-762. [PMID: 37650889 PMCID: PMC10791706 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is increasingly implicated in playing a role in physiology and pharmacology; in this review, we investigate the literature on the possibility of bacterial influence on the pharmacology of anti-asthmatic drugs, and the potential impact this has on asthmatic patients. Current knowledge in this area of research reveals an interaction between the gut and lung microbiome and the development of asthma. The influence of microbiome on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-asthmatic drugs is limited; however, understanding this interaction will assist in creating a more efficient treatment approach. This literature review highlighted that bioaccumulation and biotransformation in the presence of certain gut bacterial strains could affect drug metabolism in anti-asthmatic drugs. Furthermore, the bacterial richness in the lungs and the gut can influence drug efficacy and could also play a role in drug response. The implications of the above findings suggest that the microbiome is a contributing factor to an individuals' pharmacological response to anti-asthmatic drugs. Hence, future directions for research should follow investigating how these processes affect asthmatic patients and consider the role of the microbiome on drug efficacy and modify treatment guidelines accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chan
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Chloe Ghadieh
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Isphahan Irfan
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Eamen Khair
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Natasha Padilla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sanshya Rebeiro
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Annabel Sidgreaves
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - John Disouza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Rachelle Catanzariti
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Lisa Pont
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kylie Williams
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samir Mehndiratta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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20
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Alblowi JA, Farid ZS, Attia MS. Comparative Study of Azithromycin Versus Doxycycline Effect on the Resistin Level in Periodontitis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Cureus 2024; 16:e54849. [PMID: 38533160 PMCID: PMC10964125 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to determine if azithromycin (AZM) and doxycycline therapy, as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP), modulate host response and improve clinical outcomes in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-five periodontal sites in 15 periodontitis patients with T2DM received nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). In Group I, patients were placebo (not receiving any medication), Group II patients received systemic AZM therapy (AZM 250 mg/day for five days), and Group III patients received doxycycline (20 mg twice per day for three months. The resistin level was collected and measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, one-month, and three-month intervals. RESULTS All groups showed improvement in clinical parameters and resistin levels throughout the study. The mean resistin level at three months was the highest in Group I and the lowest in Group III. Patients in Group II showed a larger decrease in mean PD than those in Group I and III. Group III had the highest gain in mean CAL, with an increase of 1.78 mm in attachment. CONCLUSION Resistin might be a useful indicator of current disease status. In addition, benefits from adjunctive systemic use of AZM and doxycycline have been administered with non-surgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazia A Alblowi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Zienab S Farid
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, EGY
| | - Mai S Attia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, EGY
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, EGY
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21
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Shida H, Komamine M, Kajiyama K, Waki T, Maruyama H, Uyama Y. Real-world prescription of anti-COVID-19 drugs in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Japan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297679. [PMID: 38277429 PMCID: PMC10817178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prescription trends and patterns of anti-COVID-19 drugs in hospitalized patients were examined based on real world data to understand the use of anti-COVID-19 drugs in clinical practice in Japan. DESIGN The longitudinal and cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing data from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 of the MID-NET® medical information database, which stored the electronic medical records, administrative claim data, and diagnosis procedure combination data of patients in Japan. PARTICIPANTS Hospitalized patients with a COVID-19-related diagnosis who received at least one anti-COVID-19 drug between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. EXPOSURES The following 14 drugs were included in this study: remdesivir, baricitinib, combination product of casirivimab and imdevimab, favipiravir, dexamethasone, ivermectin, azithromycin, nafamostat mesylate, camostat mesylate, ciclesonide, tocilizumab, sarilumab, combination product of lopinavir and ritonavir, and hydroxychloroquine. RESULTS We identified 5,717 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and prescribed at least one anti-COVID-19 drug. The entire cohort generally included patients over 41-50 years and more males. The most common prescription pattern was dexamethasone monotherapy (22.9%), followed by the concomitant use of remdesivir and dexamethasone (15.0%), azithromycin monotherapy (15.0%), remdesivir monotherapy (10.2%), and nafamostat mesylate monotherapy (8.5%). However, an often prescribed anti-COVID-19 drug differed depending on the period. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study revealed the real-world situation of anti-COVID-19 drug prescriptions in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Japan. A prescribed drug would depend on the latest scientific evidence, such as efficacy, safety, and approval status, at the time of prescription. Understanding the prescription of anti-COVID-19 drugs will be important for providing the most up-to-date treatments to patients and evaluating the benefit and/or risk of anti-COVID-19 drugs based on the utilization of an electronic medical record database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Shida
- Office of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Komamine
- Office of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kajiyama
- Office of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Waki
- Office of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hotaka Maruyama
- Office of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uyama
- Office of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Hardman SJ, Shackley FM, Ugonna K, Darton TC, Rigby AS, Bogaert D, Binkowska JM, Condliffe AM. Seasonal Azithromycin Use in Paediatric Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis Does Not Promote Antimicrobial Resistance but Does Modulate the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16053. [PMID: 38003242 PMCID: PMC10671346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) causes chronic wet cough for which seasonal azithromycin is increasingly used to reduce exacerbations. We investigated the impact of seasonal azithromycin on antimicrobial resistance and the nasopharyngeal microbiome. In an observational cohort study, 50 children with PBB were enrolled over two consecutive winters; 25/50 at study entry were designated on clinical grounds to take azithromycin over the winter months and 25/50 were not. Serial nasopharyngeal swabs were collected during the study period (12-20 months) and cultured bacterial isolates were assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility. 16S rRNA-based sequencing was performed on a subset of samples. Irrespective of azithromycin usage, high levels of azithromycin resistance were found; 73% of bacteria from swabs in the azithromycin group vs. 69% in the comparison group. Resistance was predominantly driven by azithromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae, yet these isolates were mostly erythromycin susceptible. Analysis of 16S rRNA-based sequencing revealed a reduction in within-sample diversity in response to azithromycin, but only in samples of children actively taking azithromycin at the time of swab collection. Actively taking azithromycin at the time of swab collection significantly contributed to dissimilarity in bacterial community composition. The discrepancy between laboratory detection of azithromycin and erythromycin resistance in the S. pneumoniae isolates requires further investigation. Seasonal azithromycin for PBB did not promote antimicrobial resistance over the study period, but did perturb the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Hardman
- Department of General Paediatrics, Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chesterfield S44 5BL, UK
| | - Fiona M. Shackley
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Sheffield Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK;
| | - Kelechi Ugonna
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK;
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (T.C.D.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Alan S. Rigby
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | - Justyna M. Binkowska
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | - Alison M. Condliffe
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (T.C.D.); (A.M.C.)
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23
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Choo JM, Martin AM, Taylor SL, Sun E, Mobegi FM, Kanno T, Richard A, Burr LD, Lingman S, Martin M, Keating DJ, Mason AJ, Rogers GB. The Impact of Long-Term Macrolide Exposure on the Gut Microbiome and Its Implications for Metabolic Control. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0083123. [PMID: 37347185 PMCID: PMC10433835 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00831-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term low-dose macrolide therapy is now widely used in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases for its immune-modulating effects, although the antimicrobial properties of macrolides can also have collateral impacts on the gut microbiome. We investigated whether such treatment altered intestinal commensal microbiology and whether any such changes affected systemic immune and metabolic regulation. In healthy adults exposed to 4 weeks of low-dose erythromycin or azithromycin, as used clinically, we observed consistent shifts in gut microbiome composition, with a reduction in microbial capacity related to carbohydrate metabolism and short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. These changes were accompanied by alterations in systemic biomarkers relating to immune (interleukin 5 [IL-5], IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]) and metabolic (serotonin [5-HT], C-peptide) homeostasis. Transplantation of erythromycin-exposed murine microbiota into germ-free mice demonstrated that changes in metabolic homeostasis and gastrointestinal motility, but not systemic immune regulation, resulted from changes in intestinal microbiology caused by macrolide treatment. Our findings highlight the potential for long-term low-dose macrolide therapy to influence host physiology via alteration of the gut microbiome. IMPORTANCE Long-term macrolide therapy is widely used in chronic respiratory diseases although its antibacterial activity can also affect the gut microbiota, a key regulator of host physiology. Macrolide-associated studies on the gut microbiota have been limited to short antibiotic courses and have not examined its consequences for host immune and metabolic regulation. This study revealed that long-term macrolides depleted keystone bacteria and impacted host regulation, mediated directly by macrolide activity or indirectly by alterations to the gut microbiota. Understanding these macrolide-associated mechanisms will contribute to identifying the risk of long-term exposure and highlights the importance of targeted therapy for maintenance of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M. Choo
- Microbiome and Host Health Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alyce M. Martin
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven L. Taylor
- Microbiome and Host Health Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Sun
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fredrick M. Mobegi
- Microbiome and Host Health Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tokuwa Kanno
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alyson Richard
- Microbiome and Host Health Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lucy D. Burr
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Adult Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Respiratory and Infectious Disease Research Group, Mater Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stevie Lingman
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Adult Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Martin
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Adult Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Damien J. Keating
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A. James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geraint B. Rogers
- Microbiome and Host Health Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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24
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Singh S, Kirtschig G, Anchan VN, Chi CC, Taghipour K, Boyle RJ, Murrell DF. Interventions for bullous pemphigoid. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 8:CD002292. [PMID: 37572360 PMCID: PMC10421473 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002292.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease. Oral steroids are the standard treatment. We have updated this review, which was first published in 2002, because several new treatments have since been tried. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of treatments for bullous pemphigoid. SEARCH METHODS We updated searches of the following databases to November 2021: Cochrane Skin Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase. We searched five trial databases to January 2022, and checked the reference lists of included studies for further references to relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs). SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs of treatments for immunofluorescence-confirmed bullous pemphigoid. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two review authors, working independently, evaluated the studies against the review's inclusion criteria and extracted data from included studies. Using GRADE methodology, we assessed the certainty of the evidence for each outcome in each comparison. Our primary outcomes were healing of skin lesions and mortality. MAIN RESULTS We identified 14 RCTs (1442 participants). The main treatment modalities assessed were oral steroids, topical steroids, and the oral anti-inflammatory antibiotic doxycycline. Most studies reported mortality but adverse events and quality of life were not well reported. We decided to look at the primary outcomes 'disease control' and 'mortality'. Almost all studies investigated different comparisons; two studies were placebo-controlled. The results are therefore based on a single study for each comparison except azathioprine. Most studies involved only small numbers of participants. We assessed the risk of bias for all key outcomes as having 'some concerns' or high risk, due to missing data, inappropriate analysis, or insufficient information. Clobetasol propionate cream versus oral prednisone Compared to oral prednisone, clobetasol propionate cream applied over the whole body probably increases skin healing at day 21 (risk ratio (RR 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.13; 1 study, 341 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Skin healing at 21 days was seen in 99.8% of participants assigned to clobetasol and 92.4% of participants assigned to prednisone. Clobetasol propionate cream applied over the whole body compared to oral prednisone may reduce mortality at one year (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.01; 1 study, 341 participants; low-certainty evidence). Death occurred in 26.5% (45/170) of participants assigned to clobetasol and 36.3% (62/171) of participants assigned to oral prednisone. This study did not measure quality of life. Clobetasol propionate cream may reduce risk of severe complications by day 21 compared with oral prednisone (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86; 1 study, 341 participants; low-certainty evidence). Mild clobetasol propionate cream regimen (10 to 30 g/day) versus standard clobetasol propionate cream regimen (40 g/day) A mild regimen of topical clobetasol propionate applied over the whole body compared to the standard regimen probably does not change skin healing at day 21 (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.03; 1 study, 312 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Both groups showed complete healing of lesions at day 21 in 98% participants. A mild regimen of topical clobetasol propionate applied over the whole body compared to the standard regimen may not change mortality at one year (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.32; 1 study, 312 participants; low-certainty evidence), which occurred in 118/312 (37.9%) participants. This study did not measure quality of life. A mild regimen of topical clobetasol propionate applied over the whole body compared to the standard regimen may not change adverse events at one year (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.14; 1 study, 309 participants; low-certainty evidence). Doxycycline versus prednisolone Compared to prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day), doxycycline (200 mg/day) induces less skin healing at six weeks (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.92; 1 study, 213 participants; high-certainty evidence). Complete skin healing was reported in 73.8% of participants assigned to doxycycline and 91.1% assigned to prednisolone. Doxycycline compared to prednisolone probably decreases mortality at one year (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.89; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) = 14; 1 study, 234 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Mortality occurred in 2.4% (3/132) of participants with doxycycline and 9.7% (11/121) with prednisolone. Compared to prednisolone, doxycycline improved quality of life at one year (mean difference 1.8 points lower, which is more favourable on the Dermatology Life Quality Index, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.58 lower; 1 study, 234 participants; high-certainty evidence). Doxycycline compared to prednisolone probably reduces severe or life-threatening treatment-related adverse events at one year (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.99; 1 study, 234 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Prednisone plus azathioprine versus prednisone It is unclear whether azathioprine plus prednisone compared to prednisone alone affects skin healing or mortality because there was only very low-certainty evidence from two trials (98 participants). These studies did not measure quality of life. Adverse events were reported in a total of 20/48 (42%) participants assigned to azathioprine plus prednisone and 15/44 (34%) participants assigned to prednisone. Nicotinamide plus tetracycline versus prednisone It is unclear whether nicotinamide plus tetracycline compared to prednisone affects skin healing or mortality because there was only very low-certainty evidence from one trial (18 participants). This study did not measure quality of life. Fewer adverse events were reported in the nicotinamide group. Methylprednisolone plus azathioprine versus methylprednisolone plus dapsone It is unclear whether azathioprine plus methylprednisolone compared to dapsone plus methylprednisolone affects skin healing or mortality because there was only very low-certainty evidence from one trial (54 participants). This study did not measure quality of life. A total of 18 adverse events were reported in the azathioprine group and 13 in the dapsone group. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Clobetasol propionate cream applied over the whole body is probably similarly effective as, and may cause less mortality than, oral prednisone for treating bullous pemphigoid. Lower-dose clobetasol propionate cream applied over the whole body is probably similarly effective as standard-dose clobetasol propionate cream and has similar mortality. Doxycycline is less effective but causes less mortality than prednisolone for treating bullous pemphigoid. Other treatments need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Vinayak N Anchan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ching-Chi Chi
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kathy Taghipour
- Department of Dermatology, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert J Boyle
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Section of Inflammation and Repair, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital & University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Mihajlović A, Ivanov D, Tapavički B, Marković M, Vukas D, Miljković A, Bajić D, Semnic I, Bogdan M, Karaba Jakovljević D, Nikolić S, Slavić D, Lendak D. Prognostic Value of Routine Biomarkers in the Early Stage of COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2137. [PMID: 37570378 PMCID: PMC10418955 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Various biomarkers like certain complete blood cell count parameters and the derived ratios including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio are commonly used to evaluate disease severity. Our study aimed to establish if baseline levels of complete blood cell count-derived biomarkers and CRP, measured before any treatment which can interfere with their values, could serve as a predictor of development of pneumonia and the need for hospitalization requiring oxygen therapy. We retrospectively analyzed the laboratory data of 200 consecutive patients without comorbidities, who denied usage of medications prior to blood analysis and visited a COVID-19 ambulance between October and December 2021. Multivariate regression analysis extracted older age, elevated CRP and lower eosinophil count as significant independent predictors of pneumonia (p = 0.003, p = 0.000, p = 0.046, respectively). Independent predictors of hospitalization were higher CRP (p = 0.000) and lower platelet count (p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratios between examined groups. Individual biomarkers such as platelet and eosinophil count might be better in predicting the severity of COVID-19 than the neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mihajlović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - David Ivanov
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Borislav Tapavički
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milica Marković
- Health Centre Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 75, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Vukas
- Health Centre Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 75, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Miljković
- Health Centre Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 75, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejana Bajić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Isidora Semnic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maja Bogdan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Put Dr Goldmana Street 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Dea Karaba Jakovljević
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Stanislava Nikolić
- Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijel Slavić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dajana Lendak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
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26
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Abstract
Importance Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder defined by variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, affects more than 30 000 individuals in the US and approximately 89 000 worldwide. Absent or decreased function of the CFTR protein is associated with multiorgan dysfunction and shortened life expectancy. Observations CFTR is an anion channel in the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Loss of function leads to obstructed exocrine glands. Of people with cystic fibrosis in the US, approximately 85.5% have the gene variant F508del. Manifestations of cystic fibrosis in patients with the F508del gene variant begin in infancy with steatorrhea, poor weight gain, and respiratory symptoms (coughing, wheezing). As people with cystic fibrosis age, chronic respiratory bacterial infections cause loss of lung function and bronchiectasis. With the availability of universal newborn screening in multiple countries including the US, many people with cystic fibrosis are asymptomatic at diagnosis. With multidisciplinary care teams that included dietitians, respiratory therapists, and social workers, treatment of cystic fibrosis can slow disease progression. Median survival has improved from 36.3 years (95% CI, 35.1-37.9) in 2006 to 53.1 years (95% CI, 51.6-54.7) in 2021. Pulmonary therapies for patients with cystic fibrosis consist of mucolytics (eg, dornase alfa), anti-inflammatories (eg, azithromycin), and antibiotics (such as tobramycin delivered by a nebulizer). Four small molecular therapies, termed CFTR modulators, that facilitate CFTR production and/or function have received regulatory approval. Examples are ivacaftor and elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor. For example, in patients with 1 F508del variant, the combination of ivacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor improved lung function from -0.2% in the placebo group to 13.6% (difference, 13.8%; 95% CI, 12.1%-15.4%) and decreased the annualized estimated rate of pulmonary exacerbations from 0.98 to 0.37 (rate ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25-0.55). Improved respiratory function and symptoms have lasted up to 144 weeks in postapproval observational studies. An additional 177 variants are eligible for treatment with the elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor combination. Conclusion Cystic fibrosis affects approximately 89 000 people worldwide and is associated with a spectrum of disease related to exocrine dysfunction, including chronic respiratory bacterial infections and reduced life expectancy. First-line pulmonary therapies consist of mucolytics, anti-inflammatories, and antibiotics, and approximately 90% of people with cystic fibrosis who are 2 years or older may benefit from a combination of ivacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thida Ong
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle
| | - Bonnie W Ramsey
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle
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Vaz ES, Vassiliades SV, Giarolla J, Polli MC, Parise-Filho R. Drug repositioning in the COVID-19 pandemic: fundamentals, synthetic routes, and overview of clinical studies. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:723-751. [PMID: 37081137 PMCID: PMC10118228 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug repositioning is a strategy to identify a new therapeutic indication for molecules that have been approved for other conditions, aiming to speed up the traditional drug development process and reduce its costs. The high prevalence and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) underline the importance of searching for a safe and effective treatment for the disease, and drug repositioning is the most rational strategy to achieve this goal in a short period of time. Another advantage of repositioning is the fact that these compounds already have established synthetic routes, which facilitates their production at the industrial level. However, the hope for treatment cannot allow the indiscriminate use of medicines without a scientific basis. RESULTS The main small molecules in clinical trials being studied to be potentially repositioned to treat COVID-19 are chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, favipiravir, colchicine, remdesivir, dexamethasone, nitazoxanide, azithromycin, camostat, methylprednisolone, and baricitinib. In the context of clinical tests, in general, they were carried out under the supervision of large consortiums with a methodology based on and recognized in the scientific community, factors that ensure the reliability of the data collected. From the synthetic perspective, compounds with less structural complexity have more simplified synthetic routes. Stereochemical complexity still represents the major challenge in the preparation of dexamethasone, ivermectin, and azithromycin, for instance. CONCLUSION Remdesivir and baricitinib were approved for the treatment of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone should be used with caution. Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, ivermectin, and azithromycin are ineffective for the treatment of the disease, and the other compounds presented uncertain results. Preclinical and clinical studies should not be analyzed alone, and their methodology's accuracy should also be considered. Regulatory agencies are responsible for analyzing the efficacy and safety of a treatment and must be respected as the competent authorities for this decision, avoiding the indiscriminate use of medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Souza Vaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bldg 13, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Valeria Vassiliades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bldg 13, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeanine Giarolla
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bldg 13, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Carneiro Polli
- Pharmacy Course, São Francisco University (USF), Waldemar César da Silveira St, 105, SP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Roberto Parise-Filho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bldg 13, SP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ryu G, Lee E, Park SI, Park M, Hong SD, Jung YG, Kim HY. The Mechanism of Action and Clinical Efficacy of Low-Dose Long-Term Macrolide Therapy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119489. [PMID: 37298439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Various chronic inflammatory airway diseases can be treated with low-dose, long-term (LDLT) macrolide therapy. LDLT macrolides can be one of the therapeutic options for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. Currently, various immunomodulatory mechanisms of the LDLT macrolide treatment have been reported, as well as their antimicrobial properties. Several mechanisms have already been identified in CRS, including reduced cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, inhibition of neutrophil recruitment, decreased mucus secretion, and increased mucociliary transport. Although some evidence of effectiveness for CRS has been published, the efficacy of this therapy has been inconsistent across clinical studies. LDLT macrolides are generally believed to act on the non-type 2 inflammatory endotype of CRS. However, the effectiveness of LDLT macrolide treatment in CRS is still controversial. Here, we reviewed the immunological mechanisms related to CRS in LDLT macrolide therapy and the treatment effects according to the clinical situation of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwanghui Ryu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyu Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Song I Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhae Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Duk Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gi Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Yeol Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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Al-Marzooq F, Ghazawi A, Daoud L, Tariq S. Boosting the Antibacterial Activity of Azithromycin on Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli by Efflux Pump Inhibition Coupled with Outer Membrane Permeabilization Induced by Phenylalanine-Arginine β-Naphthylamide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108662. [PMID: 37240007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria increases the demand for the discovery of new antibiotics and adjuvants. Phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN) is an inhibitor of efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria, such as the AcrAB-TolC complex in Escherichia coli. We aimed to explore the synergistic effect and mechanism of action of PAβN combined with azithromycin (AZT) on a group of MDR E. coli strains. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested for 56 strains, which were screened for macrolide resistance genes. Then, 29 strains were tested for synergy using the checkerboard assay. PAβN significantly enhanced AZT activity in a dose-dependent manner in strains expressing the mphA gene and encoding macrolide phosphotransferase, but not in strains carrying the ermB gene and encoding macrolide methylase. Early bacterial killing (6 h) was observed in a colistin-resistant strain with the mcr-1 gene, leading to lipid remodeling, which caused outer membrane (OM) permeability defects. Clear OM damage was revealed by transmission electron microscopy in bacteria exposed to high doses of PAβN. Increased OM permeability was also proven by fluorometric assays, confirming the action of PAβN on OM. PAβN maintained its activity as an efflux pump inhibitor at low doses without permeabilizing OM. A non-significant increase in acrA, acrB, and tolC expression in response to prolonged exposure to PAβN was noted in cells treated with PAβN alone or with AZT, as a reflection of bacterial attempts to counteract pump inhibition. Thus, PAβN was found to be effective in potentiating the antibacterial activity of AZT on E. coli through dose-dependent action. This warrants further investigations of its effect combined with other antibiotics on multiple Gram-negative bacterial species. Synergetic combinations will help in the battle against MDR pathogens, adding new tools to the arsenal of existing medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akela Ghazawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lana Daoud
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Terpstra LC, Altenburg J, Doodeman HJ, Piñeros YSS, Lutter R, Heijerman HGM, Boersma WG. The effect of azithromycin on sputum inflammatory markers in bronchiectasis. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:151. [PMID: 37118704 PMCID: PMC10148509 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long term macrolide treatment has been found beneficial in bronchiectasis (BE) -pathogical bronchial dilatation- possibly due to a combined anti-bacterial and immunomodulatory effect. The exact mechanism of inflammatory response is unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of maintenance macrolide treatment on the inflammatory response in BE. In addition, we assessed the inflammatory profile in BE in relation to disease severity. METHODS During the BAT randomized controlled trial (investigating the effect of 1 year of azithromycin (AZM) in 83 BE patients), data on BE severity, lung function and sputum microbiology was collected. For the current study, a wide range of inflammatory markers were analysed in 3- monthly sputum samples in all participants. RESULTS At baseline, marked neutrophilic but also eosinophilic inflammation was present in both groups, which remained stable throughout the study and was not affected by AZM treatment. Significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory markers correlated with FEV1 < 50% (TNFα, ECP, IL-21, IL-1, p = 0.01- 0.05), H. influenzae (HI) colonization (MPO, ECP, MIP-1, TNFα, IL-21, Il-8, IL-1, IL-1α, p < 0.001 - 0.04) and number of exacerbations (MPO, ECP, VEGF, MMP-9, p = 0.003 - 0.01). Surprisingly, colonization with P. aeruginosa (PA) was found to correlate with an attenuated inflammatory response compared to non-PA colonized. In placebo-treated patients, presence of an infectious exacerbation was reflected by a significant excessive increase in inflammation as compared to a non-significant upregulation in the AZM-treated patients. CONCLUSION One year of AZM treatment did not result in attenuation of the inflammatory response in BE. Increasing disease severity and the presence of an exacerbation were reflected by upregulation of pro-inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Terpstra
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Northwest Clinics, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1812 JD, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
| | - J Altenburg
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J Doodeman
- Department of Northwest Academy, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Y S Sabogal Piñeros
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Lutter
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H G M Heijerman
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W G Boersma
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Northwest Clinics, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1812 JD, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
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Tsalik EL, Rouphael NG, Sadikot RT, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, McClain MT, Wilkins DM, Woods CW, Swamy GK, Walter EB, El Sahly HM, Keitel WA, Mulligan MJ, Tuyishimire B, Serti E, Hamasaki T, Evans SR, Ghazaryan V, Lee MS, Lautenbach E. Efficacy and safety of azithromycin versus placebo to treat lower respiratory tract infections associated with low procalcitonin: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:484-495. [PMID: 36525985 PMCID: PMC10040424 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory tract infections are frequently treated with antibiotics, despite a viral cause in many cases. It remains unknown whether low procalcitonin concentrations can identify patients with lower respiratory tract infection who are unlikely to benefit from antibiotics. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of azithromycin versus placebo to treat lower respiratory tract infections in patients with low procalcitonin. METHODS We conducted a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority trial at five health centres in the USA. Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically suspected non-pneumonia lower respiratory tract infection and symptom duration from 24 h to 28 days were eligible for enrolment. Participants with a procalcitonin concentration of 0·25 ng/mL or less were randomly assigned (1:1), in blocks of four with stratification by site, to receive over-encapsulated oral azithromycin 250 mg or matching placebo (two capsules on day 1 followed by one capsule daily for 4 days). Participants, non-study clinical providers, investigators, and study coordinators were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was efficacy of azithromycin versus placebo in terms of clinical improvement at day 5 in the intention-to-treat population. The non-inferiority margin was -12·5%. Solicited adverse events (abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, allergic reaction, or yeast infections) were recorded as a secondary outcome. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03341273. FINDINGS Between Dec 8, 2017, and March 9, 2020, 691 patients were assessed for eligibility and 499 were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive azithromycin (n=249) or placebo (n=250). Clinical improvement at day 5 was observed in 148 (63%, 95% CI 54 to 71) of 238 participants with full data in the placebo group and 155 (69%, 61 to 77) of 227 participants with full data in the azithromycin group in the intention-to-treat analysis (between-group difference -6%, 95% CI -15 to 2). The 95% CI for the difference did not meet the non-inferiority margin. Solicited adverse events and the severity of solicited adverse events were not significantly different between groups at day 5, except for increased abdominal pain associated with azithromycin (47 [23%, 95% CI 18 to 29] of 204 participants) compared with placebo (35 [16%, 12 to 21] of 221; between-group difference -7% [95% CI -15 to 0]; p=0·066). INTERPRETATION Placebo was not non-inferior to azithromycin in terms of clinical improvement at day 5 in adults with lower respiratory tract infection and a low procalcitonin concentration. After accounting for both the rates of clinical improvement and solicited adverse events at day 5, it is unclear whether antibiotics are indicated for patients with lower respiratory tract infection and a low procalcitonin concentration. FUNDING National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, bioMérieux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim L Tsalik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Emergency Medicine Service, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruxana T Sadikot
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA, USA; Medical Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maria C Rodriguez-Barradas
- Infectious Diseases Section, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Micah T McClain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Medical Service, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Christopher W Woods
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Medical Service, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Geeta K Swamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel B Walter
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hana M El Sahly
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wendy A Keitel
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Toshimitsu Hamasaki
- Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Scott R Evans
- Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Varduhi Ghazaryan
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marina S Lee
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ebbing Lautenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Parnham MJ, Norris V, Kricker JA, Gudjonsson T, Page CP. Prospects for macrolide therapy of asthma and COPD. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:83-110. [PMID: 37524493 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrolide compounds, many of which are derived from natural sources, all share a lactone ring structure, but of varying sizes. Their biological activities differ with structure and size but tend to overlap. Marketed macrolide drugs include immunosuppressives and antibiotics. Some of the latter have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory activities, due to direct effects on inflammatory cells and processes when used for respiratory infections. Consequently, azithromycin is included in clinical guidelines for COPD and asthma treatment, though it has the disadvantage, as an antibiotic, of increasing bacterial resistance. COPD and asthma, however, like several chronic inflammatory diseases involving other organs, are driven to a large extent by epithelial barrier dysfunction. Recently, azithromycin was shown to directly enhance epithelial barrier function and a new class of derivatives, barriolides, is under development with the lead indication COPD. It is thus likely that by circumventing antibiosis and acting on a crucial etiological disease process, this type of agent will open up a new, safer approach to COPD and asthma therapy with macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Parnham
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | - Jennifer A Kricker
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Reykjavik, Iceland; Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Reykjavik, Iceland; Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Clive P Page
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Reykjavik, Iceland; Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Räisänen LK, Kääriäinen SE, Sund R, Engberg E, Viljakainen HT, Kolho KL. Antibiotic exposures and the development of pediatric autoimmune diseases: a register-based case-control study. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:1096-1104. [PMID: 35854091 PMCID: PMC10033398 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics have been associated with several individual autoimmune diseases (ADs). This study aims to discover whether pre-diagnostic antibiotics are associated with the onset of ADs in general. METHODS From a cohort of 11,407 children, 242 developed ADs (type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), or inflammatory bowel diseases) by a median age of 16 years. Antibiotic purchases from birth until the date of diagnosis (or respective date in the matched controls n = 708) were traced from national registers. RESULTS Total number of antibiotic purchases was not related to the onset of ADs when studied as a group. Of specific diagnoses, JIA was associated with the total number of antibiotics throughout the childhood and with broad-spectrum antibiotics before the age of 3 years. Intriguingly, recent and frequent antibiotic use (within 2 years before diagnosis and ≥3 purchases) was associated with the onset of ADs (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.08-2.74). Regardless of frequent use in childhood (40% of all antibiotics), penicillin group antibiotics were not related to any ADs. CONCLUSIONS Use of antibiotics was relatively safe regarding the overall development of ADs. However, broad-spectrum antibiotics should be used considerately as they may associate with an increased likelihood of JIA. IMPACT Increasing numbers of antibiotic purchases before the age of 3 years or throughout childhood were not associated with the development of pediatric autoimmune diseases. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were related to the development of autoimmune diseases, especially juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children, while penicillin group antibiotics were not. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in children should be cautious as they may carry along a risk for autoimmune disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Räisänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Reijo Sund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elina Engberg
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli T Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Tamura H, Maekawa T, Domon H, Sirisereephap K, Isono T, Hirayama S, Hiyoshi T, Sasagawa K, Takizawa F, Maeda T, Terao Y, Tabeta K. Erythromycin Restores Osteoblast Differentiation and Osteogenesis Suppressed by Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:303. [PMID: 37259446 PMCID: PMC9959121 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The macrolide erythromycin (ERM) inhibits excessive neutrophil accumulation and bone resorption in inflammatory tissues. We previously reported that the expression of developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1), an endogenous anti-inflammatory factor induced by ERM, is involved in ERM action. Furthermore, DEL-1 is involved in the induction of bone regeneration. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether ERM exerts an osteoblastogenic effect by upregulating DEL-1 under inflammatory conditions. We performed in vitro cell-based mechanistic analyses and used a model of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontitis to evaluate how ERM restores osteoblast activity. In vitro, P. gingivalis LPS stimulation suppressed osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. However, ERM treatment combined with P. gingivalis LPS stimulation upregulated osteoblast differentiation-related factors and Del1, indicating that osteoblast differentiation was restored. Alveolar bone resorption and gene expression were evaluated in a periodontitis model, and the results confirmed that ERM treatment increased DEL-1 expression and suppressed bone loss by increasing the expression of osteoblast-associated factors. In conclusion, ERM restores bone metabolism homeostasis in inflammatory environments possibly via the induction of DEL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Tamura
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kridtapat Sirisereephap
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Toshihito Isono
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Satoru Hirayama
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takumi Hiyoshi
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Karin Sasagawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Rodriguez AL, Fowler VL, Huether M, Reddick D, Tait-Burkard C, O’Shea M, Perkins S, Dias N, Buterbaugh R, Benchaoui HA. Effects of a water-soluble formulation of tylvalosin on disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus alone in sows or in combination with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in piglets. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:31. [PMID: 36726139 PMCID: PMC9890818 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of a water-soluble formulation of tylvalosin (Aivlosin® 625 mg/g granules) on disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyop) was investigated in two animal studies. In a PRRSV challenge model in pregnant sows (n = 18), six sows received water medicated at target dose of 5 mg tylvalosin/kg body weight/day from 3 days prior to challenge until the end of gestation. Six sows were left untreated, with a third group remaining untreated and unchallenged. Sows were challenged with PRRSV-2 at approximately 85 days of gestation. Cytokines, viremia, viral shedding, sow reproductive parameters and piglet performance to weaning were evaluated. In a dual infection study (n = 16), piglets were challenged with Mhyop on days 0, 1 and 2, and with PRRSV-1 on day 14 and euthanized on day 24. From day 10 to 20, eight piglets received water medicated at target dose of 20 mg tylvalosin/kg body weight/day and eight piglets were left untreated. Cytokines, viremia, bacteriology and lung lesions were evaluated. RESULTS In the PRRSV challenge study in pregnant sows, tylvalosin significantly reduced the levels of serum IL-8 (P < 0.001), IL-12 (P = 0.032), TNFα (P < 0.001) and GM-CSF (P = 0.001). IL-8 (P = 0.100) tended to be lower in uterus of tylvalosin sows. All piglets from tylvalosin sows surviving to weaning were PRRSV negative in faecal swabs at weaning compared to 33.3% PRRSV positive piglets from untreated sows (P = 0.08). In the dual challenge study in piglet, tylvalosin reduced serum IL1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1α, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-18, GM-CSF, TGFβ1, TNFα, CCL3L1, MIG, PEPCAM-1 (P < 0.001) and increased serum IFNα, IL-1ra and MIP-1b (P < 0.001). In the lungs, tylvalosin reduced IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 compared to untreated pigs (P < 0.001) and tended to reduce TNFα (P = 0.082). Lung lavage samples from all tylvalosin treated piglets were negative for Mhyop (0 cfu/mL) compared to the untreated piglets which had mean Mhyop counts of 2.68 × 104 cfu/mL (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION Overall, tylvalosin reduced both local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines after challenge with respiratory pathogens in sows and in piglets. Tylvalosin was effective in reducing Mhyop recovery from the lungs and may reduce virus shedding in piglets following transplacental PRRSV infection in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Reddick
- Moredun Scientific Ltd, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ UK
| | - Christine Tait-Burkard
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Marie O’Shea
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | | | - Nirosh Dias
- grid.505215.6RTI, LLC, 801 32nd Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
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Zhu W, Tian Y, Xiang L, Cao L, He L. A Case of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Treated with Carrimycin. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2365-2369. [PMID: 37113529 PMCID: PMC10126721 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s407076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most pressing emerging issues in bacterial resistance is multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The treatment of K. pneumoniae infections is often problematic because of the lack of available therapeutic options, leading to negative effects on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare-associated costs. Carrimycin is a macrolide antibiotic with good antibacterial effects. In this study, we report a patient diagnosed with multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infection who was treated with carrimycin. The patient presented with cough, expectoration, dyspnea, and severe hypoxemia requiring noninvasive ventilation. We successively used a variety of antibiotics, including meropenem, tigecycline, and polymyxin, with unsatisfactory results. Finally, we used carrimycin, and the patient's condition improved, resulting in hospital discharge. Therefore, for patients with multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infection that does not respond to conventional anti-infective treatments, carrimycin can be considered a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linna Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lirong He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lirong He, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18170905103, Fax +86 0791 86311242, Email
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Immunomodulatory Effects of Macrolides Considering Evidence from Human and Veterinary Medicine. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122438. [PMID: 36557690 PMCID: PMC9784682 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolide antimicrobial agents have been in clinical use for more than 60 years in both human and veterinary medicine. The discovery of the non-antimicrobial properties of macrolides and the effect of immunomodulation of the inflammatory response has benefited patients with chronic airway diseases and impacted morbidity and mortality. This review examines the evidence of antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial properties of macrolides in human and veterinary medicine with a focus toward veterinary macrolides but including important and relevant evidence from the human literature. The complete story for these complex and important molecules is continuing to be written.
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Delans K, Kelly K, Feldman SR. Treatment strategies, including antibiotics, to target the immune component of rosacea. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:1239-1251. [PMID: 36137266 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2128334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of rosacea have led to increased focus on the disease's immunologic etiology and to the development of immunologically based treatments. With many patients suffering from incomplete control, addressing the immune components of the disease process may provide a more effective treatment option for rosacea patients that may improve quality of life. AREAS COVERED This review will provide a brief overview of the pathophysiology of rosacea, as well as specific immunologic contributions to the disease state. Current standard-of-care treatments will be described, including anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory agents, and antibiotics. Emphasis will be placed on treatments that target the immune components of the disease process. EXPERT OPINION Rosacea remains a difficult dermatologic disease to treat, partially due to an incomplete understanding of the disease pathophysiology. The immune pathophysiology of rosacea, particularly the key role of inflammation, has been clarified over the past decade. Identification of specific molecules, including cytokines and nuclear transcription factors, may allow for the development of targeted rosacea-specific biologic and topical treatments. However, medication nonadherence is a limiting factor to achieving symptomatic control among rosacea patients. Focusing on the development of oral or injectable forms of therapy may circumvent poor adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Delans
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Katherine Kelly
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA.,Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Sobreira da Silva MJ, Serpa Osorio-de-Castro CG, Paes RD, Negrete CL, Eugênio E, Moraes EL, Livinalli A. Potential interactions between antineoplastic agents and medicines used to treat Covid-19. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022; 28:1737-1748. [PMID: 34637360 PMCID: PMC9619075 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer patients with Covid-19 are exposed to treatment combinations that can potentially result in interactions that adversely affect patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify potential drug-drug interactions between antineoplastic agents and medicines used to treat Covid-19. METHODS We conducted a search for potential interactions between 201 antineoplastic agents and 26 medicines used to treat Covid-19 on the Lexicomp® and Micromedex® databases. The following data were extracted: interaction severity ("major" and "contraindicated") and interaction effects (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic). We also sought to identify the therapeutic indication of the antineoplastic drugs involved in the potential drug-drug interactions. RESULTS A total of 388 "major" or "contraindicated" drug-drug interactions were detected. Eight drugs or combinations (baricitinib, lopinavir/ritonavir, atazanavir, darunavir, azithromycin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and sirolimus) accounted for 91.5% of these interactions. The class of antineoplastic agents with the greatest potential for interaction was tyrosine kinase inhibitors (accounting for 46.4% of all interactions). The findings show that atazanavir, baricitinib, and lopinavir/ritonavir can affect the treatment of all common types of cancer. The most common pharmacokinetic effect of the potential drug-drug interactions was increased plasma concentration of the antineoplastic medicine (39.4%). CONCLUSIONS Covid-19 is a recent disease and pharmacological interventions are undergoing constant modification. This study identified a considerable number of potential drug-drug interactions. In view of the vulnerability of patients with cancer, it is vital that health professionals carefully assess the risks and benefits of drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Jorge Sobreira da Silva
- National Cancer Institute of
Brazil, Brazil,Mario Jorge Sobreira da Silva, Rua Marquês
de Pombal, 125, 3° andar – Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20230-240, Brazil.
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The Procalcitonin-guided Antibiotics in Respiratory Infections (PARI) project in general practice – a study protocol. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:43. [PMID: 35279069 PMCID: PMC8917812 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance is a global health challenge and the close correlation between antibiotic use and the development of resistance makes it essential to maintain a rational use of antibiotics. Most antibiotics are prescribed in general practice against acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI), even though most of these infections are of viral etiology. Thus, a safe method to substantially reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics in general practice is needed. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a precursor protein with very low circulating levels in the blood under physiological conditions. However, in response serious bacterial infection the level of PCT in the blood may increase significantly. Until recently, quantitative analyses of PCT was performed in hospital laboratories, impeding the implementation of PCT in primary care. Our aim is to determine whether it is possible to lower the use of antibiotics in patients presenting with symptoms of ARTI, without significantly prolonging the period of illness, by using a newly released PCT point-of-care test in general practice. Methods The Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotics in Respiratory Infections (PARI) study is a randomized, single-blinded, non-inferiority, multi-practice intervention study comparing a PCT-group to a control group. Patients (N = 508) will be randomly assigned 1:1 to standard care or to the PCT group. The primary outcomes the duration of illness and symptoms from ARTI measured with the Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include (1) Number of participants in each trial arm exposed to antibiotic treatment at index consultation (day 1) and within 30 days, (2) Number of participants in each trial arm with side effects from antibiotic treatment within 14 days, (3) Number of participants in each trial arm with re-consultations within 30 days, (4) Number of participants in each trial arm admitted to hospital (including diagnosis and mortality) within 30 days, (5) Characterization of biomarker (CRP and PCT) level at index consultation. Tertiary outcomes include patient and general practitioner satisfaction with the use of the PCT point-of-care test, and long-term follow-up. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine a PCT point-of-care test in general practice with the aim of reducing the use of antibiotics in patients with symptoms of ARTI. Results of this study may prove important in targeting antibiotic treatment only to those patients who need it, thus contributing to limiting the spread of antibiotic resistance. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04216277, date of registration: 2. of January 2020.
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Pregnancy and COVID-19. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226645. [PMID: 36431122 PMCID: PMC9695358 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Modifications in the circulatory, pulmonary, hormonal, and immunological pathways induced by pregnancy render pregnant women as a high-risk group. A growing body of research shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is connected to a number of maternal complications, including pneumonia and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. Miscarriages, stillbirth, preterm labor, as well as pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are also among the most often documented fetal implications, particularly among expecting women who have significant COVID-19 symptoms, often affecting the timing and route of delivery. Thus, prevention of infection and pharmacological treatment options should aim to minimize the aforementioned risks and ameliorate maternal, obstetric and fetal/neonatal outcomes.
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Jiang W, Ren K, Yang Z, Fang Z, Li Y, Xiang X, Song Y. Purification, Identification and Molecular Docking of Immunomodulatory Peptides from the Heads of Litopenaeus vannamei. Foods 2022; 11:3309. [PMCID: PMC9602407 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to realize the high-value utilization of Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) heads, immunomodulatory peptides were prepared from the enzymatic hydrolysate of L. vannamei heads, and the action mechanism of immunomodulatory peptides was determined by molecular docking. The results showed that six proteases were used to hydrolyze L. vannamei head proteins, with the animal protease hydrolysate exhibiting the highest macrophage relative proliferation rate (MRPR). The enzymatic products were then sequentially purified by ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography, identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and finally selected for six immunomodulatory peptides (PSPFPYFT, SAGFPEGF, GPQGPPGH, QGF, PGMR, and WQR). These peptides maintained good immune activity under heat treatment, pH treatment, and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Molecular docking analysis indicated that these peptides showed great binding to both toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4/MD-2), leading to immunomodulation. The discarded L. vannamei heads in this article are considered to be promising food-borne immunomodulators that contribute to enhancing the immune function of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Keyu Ren
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiyan Yang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yishan Song
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence:
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Franz T, Negele J, Bruno P, Böttcher M, Mitchell-Flack M, Reemts L, Krone A, Mougiakakos D, Müller AJ, Zautner AE, Kahlfuss S. Pleiotropic effects of antibiotics on T cell metabolism and T cell-mediated immunity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:975436. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.975436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells orchestrate adaptive and innate immune responses against pathogens and transformed cells. However, T cells are also the main adaptive effector cells that mediate allergic and autoimmune reactions. Within the last few years, it has become abundantly clear that activation, differentiation, effector function, and environmental adaptation of T cells is closely linked to their energy metabolism. Beyond the provision of energy equivalents, metabolic pathways in T cells generate building blocks required for clonal expansion. Furthermore, metabolic intermediates directly serve as a source for epigenetic gene regulation by histone and DNA modification mechanisms. To date, several antibiotics were demonstrated to modulate the metabolism of T cells especially by altering mitochondrial function. Here, we set out to systematically review current evidence about how beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, nitroimidazoles, and amphenicols alter the metabolism and effector functions of CD4+ T helper cell populations and CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Based on this evidence, we have developed an overview on how the use of these antibiotics may be beneficial or detrimental in T cell-mediated physiological and pathogenic immune responses, such as allergic and autoimmune diseases, by altering the metabolism of different T cell populations.
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Steed D, Collins J, Farris AB, Guarner J, Yarar D, Friedman-Moraco R, Doane T, Pouch S, Marshall Lyon G, Woodworth MH. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with bartonella peliosis hepatis following kidney transplantation in a patient with HIV. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:e303-e309. [PMID: 35500593 PMCID: PMC9942922 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacillary peliosis hepatis is a well recognised manifestation of disseminated Bartonella henselae infection that can occur in immunocompromised individuals. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is an immune-mediated condition with features that can overlap with a severe primary infection such as disseminated Bartonella spp infection. We report a case of bacillary peliosis hepatis and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to disseminated Bartonella spp infection in a kidney-transplant recipient with well controlled HIV. The patient reported 2 weeks of fever and abdominal pain and was found to have hepatomegaly. He recalled exposure to a sick dog but reported no cat exposures. Laboratory evaluation was notable for pancytopenia and cholestatic injury. The patient met more than five of eight clinical criteria for haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pathology review of a bone marrow core biopsy identified haemophagocytosis. A transjugular liver biopsy was done, and histopathology review identified peliosis hepatis. Warthin-Starry staining of the bone marrow showed pleiomorphic coccobacillary organisms. The B henselae IgG titre was 1:512, and Bartonella-specific DNA targets were detected by peripheral blood PCR. Treatment with doxycycline, increased prednisone, and pausing the mycophenolate component of his transplant immunosuppression regimen resulted in an excellent clinical response. Secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis can be difficult to distinguish from severe systemic infection. A high index of suspicion can support the diagnosis of systemic Bartonella spp infection in those who present with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, especially in patients with hepatomegaly, immunosuppression, and germane animal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Steed
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Collins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alton B Farris
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeannette Guarner
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dilek Yarar
- Kidney Specialists of Kentucky, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | | | - Tristan Doane
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie Pouch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - G Marshall Lyon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael H Woodworth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Al-Marzooq F, Ghazawi A, Tariq S, Daoud L, Collyns T. Discerning the role of polymyxin B nonapeptide in restoring the antibacterial activity of azithromycin against antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:998671. [PMID: 36212888 PMCID: PMC9532765 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.998671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat. Antibiotic development pipeline has few new drugs; therefore, using antibiotic adjuvants has been envisioned as a successful method to preserve existing medications to fight multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of a polymyxin derivative known as polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) with azithromycin (AZT). A total of 54 Escherichia coli strains were first characterized for macrolide resistance genes, and susceptibility to different antibiotics, including AZT. A subset of 24 strains was then selected for synergy testing by the checkerboard assay. PMBN was able to re-sensitize the bacteria to AZT, even in strains with high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC: 32 to ≥128 μg/ml) for AZT, and in strains resistant to the last resort drugs such as colistin and meropenem. The fractional inhibitory concentration index was lower than 0.5, demonstrating that PMBN and AZT combinations had a synergistic effect. The combinations worked efficiently in strains carrying mphA gene encoding macrolide phosphotransferase which can cause macrolide inactivation. However, the combinations were inactive in strains having an additional ermB gene encoding macrolide methylase which causes ribosomal drug target alteration. Killing kinetics study showed a significant reduction of bacterial growth after 6 h of treatment with complete killing achieved after 24 h. Transmission electron microscopy showed morphological alterations in the bacteria treated with PMBN alone or in combination with AZT, with evidence of damage to the outer membrane. These results suggested that PMBN acted by increasing the permeability of bacterial outer membrane to AZT, which was also evident using a fluorometric assay. Using multiple antimicrobial agents could therefore be a promising strategy in the eradication of MDR bacteria. PMBN is a good candidate for use with other antibiotics to potentiate their activity, but further studies are required in vivo. This will significantly contribute to resolving antimicrobial resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Farah Al-Marzooq,
| | - Akela Ghazawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lana Daoud
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Teixeira DS, Louzeiro GC, Figueiredo MA, Cherubini K, Salum FG. Erythromycin: an alternative for the management of oral mucositis? Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2022; 27:e452-e459. [PMID: 35717620 PMCID: PMC9445611 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral mucositis (OM) is an important acute adverse effect of anticancer therapy. This condition presents high morbidity and may lead to the suspension of anticancer therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We reviewed the literature on the pathobiology of OM and the properties of erythromycin (EM), to consider the possibility of its use for the prevention and treatment of OM. We searched the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases and selected complete articles published in English or Spanish that met the inclusion criteria. The search terms "erythromycin", "inflammation", "immunomodulation" and "oral mucositis" were used. RESULTS The control of free radicals, transcription factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines has been considered as the key to the management of OM. EM has the ability to modulate oxidative stress, acts on the transcriptional system and inhibits the production of several cytokines that have been directly implicated in OM pathobiology. CONCLUSIONS The present review suggests that EM could be effective in the treatment of OM. Experimental studies investigating the use of EM in OM should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-S Teixeira
- Serviço de Estomatologia Hospital São Lucas, PUCRS Av. Ipiranga, 6690 Room 231 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sergi CM, Miller E, Demellawy DE, Shen F, Zhang M. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. A narrative and pictorial review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959575. [PMID: 36072576 PMCID: PMC9441751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic recurrent and multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a nonsporadic autoinflammatory disorder. Currently, it is diagnosed based on clinical, radiologic, pathological, and longitudinal data. Numerous aspects should be highlighted due to increased knowledge in imaging and immunology. We emphasize the use of whole-body MRI, which is a non-invasive diagnostic strategy. A literature review was carried out on longitudinal studies. Commonly, the mean age at diagnosis is 11 years, ranging between 3 and 17. The most common sites are the long bone metaphysis, particularly femoral and tibial metaphysis. In addition, the pelvis, spine, clavicle, and mandible may be involved. In long bones, the radiologic appearance can show typical structure, mixed lytic and sclerotic, sclerotic or lytic. It is frequently metaphyseal or juxta-physeal, with hyperostosis or periosteal thickening. The involvement of the vertebral skeleton is often multifocal. Therefore, whole-body MRI is essential in identifying subclinical lesions. CRMO is a polymorphic disorder in which whole-body MRI is beneficial to demonstrate subclinical edema. Vertebral collapse requires long-term monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolato M. Sergi
- Anatomic Pathology Division, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Consolato M. Sergi,
| | - Elka Miller
- Medical Imaging Department, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dina El Demellawy
- Anatomic Pathology Division, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mingyong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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48
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Azithromycin through the Lens of the COVID-19 Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081063. [PMID: 36009932 PMCID: PMC9404997 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin has become famous in the last two years, not for its main antimicrobial effect, but for its potential use as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19 infection. Initially, there were some promising results that supported its use, but it has become clear that scientific results are insufficient to support such a positive assessment. In this review we will present all the literature data concerning the activity of azithromycin as an antimicrobial, an anti-inflammatory, or an antivirus agent. Our aim is to conclude whether its selection should remain as a valuable antivirus agent or if its use simply has an indirect therapeutic contribution due to its antimicrobial and/or immunomodulatory activity, and therefore, if its further use for COVID-19 treatment should be interrupted. This halt will prevent further antibiotic resistance expansion and will keep azithromycin as a valuable anti-infective therapeutic agent.
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49
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Miller CL, O JM, Allan JS, Madsen JC. Novel approaches for long-term lung transplant survival. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931251. [PMID: 35967365 PMCID: PMC9363671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft failure remains a major barrier in the field of lung transplantation and results primarily from acute and chronic rejection. To date, standard-of-care immunosuppressive regimens have proven unsuccessful in achieving acceptable long-term graft and patient survival. Recent insights into the unique immunologic properties of lung allografts provide an opportunity to develop more effective immunosuppressive strategies. Here we describe advances in our understanding of the mechanisms driving lung allograft rejection and highlight recent progress in the development of novel, lung-specific strategies aimed at promoting long-term allograft survival, including tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Miller
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jane M. O
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James S. Allan
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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50
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Chemotherapeutic Strategies with Valnemulin, Tilmicosin, and Tulathromycin to Control Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Infection in Pigs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070893. [PMID: 35884148 PMCID: PMC9311983 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the primary agent of Swine Enzootic Pneumonia (SEP). Vaccines reduce the clinical manifestation of the disease but do not prevent infection. The present study aimed to evaluate the use of antimicrobial drugs to minimize the impact of M. hyopneumoniae. For this, 32 pregnant female pigs and their litters were selected and then followed from birth to slaughter. The study involved three experimental groups that received metaphylactic treatment with different protocols involving tilmicosin, valnemulin, tulathromycin, and a control group to compare the effect of treatments against M. hyopneumoniae infection throughout the phases. Performance data were recorded, and the piglets were evaluated for the occurrence of cough. Nasal swab and blood collection was conducted periodically to detect M. hyopneumoniae shedding and anti-M. hyopneumoniae IgG, respectively. At slaughter, the lungs of animals from all groups were evaluated, and samples were collected for histopathological examination and qPCR for M. hyopneumoniae detection. All protocols promoted a reduction in consolidation lung lesions when compared to the control group. Individuals treated with valnemulin showed increased performance results, lower mortality, and low bacterial load in the lung. The results are promising and may indicate an alternative in the strategic control of M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs.
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