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Schaftenaar FH, van Dam AD, de Bruin G, Depuydt MA, de Mol J, Amersfoort J, Douna H, Meijer M, Kröner MJ, van Santbrink PJ, Bernabé Kleijn MN, van Puijvelde GH, Florea BI, Slütter B, Foks AC, Bot I, Rensen PC, Kuiper J. Immunoproteasomal Inhibition With ONX-0914 Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Reduces White Adipose Tissue Mass and Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1346-1364. [PMID: 38660806 PMCID: PMC11188635 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is the major underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease and is driven by dyslipidemia and inflammation. Inhibition of the immunoproteasome, a proteasome variant that is predominantly expressed by immune cells and plays an important role in antigen presentation, has been shown to have immunosuppressive effects. METHODS We assessed the effect of ONX-0914, an inhibitor of the immunoproteasomal catalytic subunits LMP7 (proteasome subunit β5i/large multifunctional peptidase 7) and LMP2 (proteasome subunit β1i/large multifunctional peptidase 2), on atherosclerosis and metabolism in LDLr-/- and APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. RESULTS ONX-0914 treatment significantly reduced atherosclerosis, reduced dendritic cell and macrophage levels and their activation, as well as the levels of antigen-experienced T cells during early plaque formation, and Th1 cells in advanced atherosclerosis in young and aged mice in various immune compartments. Additionally, ONX-0914 treatment led to a strong reduction in white adipose tissue mass and adipocyte progenitors, which coincided with neutrophil and macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue. ONX-0914 reduced intestinal triglyceride uptake and gastric emptying, likely contributing to the reduction in white adipose tissue mass, as ONX-0914 did not increase energy expenditure or reduce total food intake. Concomitant with the reduction in white adipose tissue mass upon ONX-0914 treatment, we observed improvements in markers of metabolic syndrome, including lowered plasma triglyceride levels, insulin levels, and fasting blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS We propose that immunoproteasomal inhibition reduces 3 major causes underlying cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation and is a new target in drug development for atherosclerosis treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy
- Metabolic Syndrome/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Male
- Proteasome Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Apolipoprotein E3/genetics
- Apolipoprotein E3/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/immunology
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Mice
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Oligopeptides
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H. Schaftenaar
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Andrea D. van Dam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (A.D.D., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Gerjan de Bruin
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, the Netherlands (G.d.B., B.I.F.)
| | - Marie A.C. Depuydt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Jill de Mol
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Jacob Amersfoort
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Hidde Douna
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Menno Meijer
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Mara J. Kröner
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Peter J. van Santbrink
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Mireia N.A. Bernabé Kleijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Gijs H.M. van Puijvelde
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Bogdan I. Florea
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, the Netherlands (G.d.B., B.I.F.)
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Amanda C. Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
| | - Patrick C.N. Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (A.D.D., P.C.N.R.)
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, the Netherlands (F.H.S., M.A.C.D., J.d.M., J.A., H.D., M.M., M.J.K., P.J.v.S., M.N.A.B.K., G.H.M.v.P., B.S., A.C.F., I.B., J.K.)
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Inholz K, Anderl JL, Klawitter M, Goebel H, Maurits E, Kirk CJ, Fan RA, Basler M. Proteasome composition in immune cells implies special immune‐cell‐specific immunoproteasome function. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350613. [PMID: 38458995 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Immunoproteasomes are a special class of proteasomes, which can be induced with IFN-γ in an inflammatory environment. In recent years, it became evident that certain immune cell types constitutively express high levels of immunoproteasomes. However, information regarding the basal expression of proteolytically active immunoproteasome subunits in different types of immune cells is still rare. Hence, we quantified standard proteasome subunits (β1c, β2c, β5c) and immunoproteasome subunits (LMP2, MECL-1, LMP7) in the major murine (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, CD11c+ dendritic cells, CD49d+ natural killer cells, Ly-6G+ neutrophils) and human immune cell (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, CD1c+CD141+ myeloid dendritic cells, CD56+ natural killer cells, granulocytes) subsets. The different human immune cell types were isolated from peripheral blood and the murine immune cell subsets from spleen. We found that proteasomes of most immune cell subsets mainly consist of immunoproteasome subunits. Our data will serve as a reference and guideline for immunoproteasome expression and imply a special role of immunoproteasomes in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Inholz
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Janet L Anderl
- Department of Research, Kezar Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Moritz Klawitter
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Heike Goebel
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elmer Maurits
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher J Kirk
- Department of Research, Kezar Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - R Andrea Fan
- Department of Research, Kezar Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Basler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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3
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Kespohl M, Goetzke CC, Althof N, Bredow C, Kelm N, Pinkert S, Bukur T, Bukur V, Grunz K, Kaur D, Heuser A, Mülleder M, Sauter M, Klingel K, Weiler H, Berndt N, Gaida MM, Ruf W, Beling A. TF-FVIIa PAR2-β-Arrestin Signaling Sustains Organ Dysfunction in Coxsackievirus B3 Infection of Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:843-865. [PMID: 38385286 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence implicates the activation of G-protein-coupled PARs (protease-activated receptors) by coagulation proteases in the regulation of innate immune responses. METHODS Using mouse models with genetic alterations of the PAR2 signaling platform, we have explored contributions of PAR2 signaling to infection with coxsackievirus B3, a single-stranded RNA virus provoking multiorgan tissue damage, including the heart. RESULTS We show that PAR2 activation sustains correlates of severe morbidity-hemodynamic compromise, aggravated hypothermia, and hypoglycemia-despite intact control of the virus. Following acute viral liver injury, canonical PAR2 signaling impairs the restoration process associated with exaggerated type I IFN (interferon) signatures in response to viral RNA recognition. Metabolic profiling in combination with proteomics of liver tissue shows PAR2-dependent reprogramming of liver metabolism, increased lipid droplet storage, and gluconeogenesis. PAR2-sustained hypodynamic compromise, reprograming of liver metabolism, as well as imbalanced IFN responses are prevented in β-arrestin coupling-deficient PAR2 C-terminal phosphorylation mutant mice. Thus, wiring between upstream proteases and immune-metabolic responses results from biased PAR2 signaling mediated by intracellular recruitment of β-arrestin. Importantly, blockade of the TF (tissue factor)-FVIIa (coagulation factor VIIa) complex capable of PAR2 proteolysis with the NAPc2 (nematode anticoagulant protein c2) mitigated virus-triggered pathology, recapitulating effects seen in protease cleavage-resistant PAR2 mice. CONCLUSIONS These data provide insights into a TF-FVIIa signaling axis through PAR2-β-arrestin coupling that is a regulator of inflammation-triggered tissue repair and hemodynamic compromise in coxsackievirus B3 infection and can potentially be targeted with selective coagulation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Kespohl
- Institute of Biochemistry (M.K., C.B., N.K., S.P., A.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Germany (M.K., A.B.)
| | - Carl Christoph Goetzke
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine (C.C.G.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
- Clinician Scientist Program, BIH (Berlin Institute of Health) Academy, BIH, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (C.C.G.)
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany (C.C.G.)
| | - Nadine Althof
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany (N.A.)
| | - Clara Bredow
- Institute of Biochemistry (M.K., C.B., N.K., S.P., A.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kelm
- Institute of Biochemistry (M.K., C.B., N.K., S.P., A.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Pinkert
- Institute of Biochemistry (M.K., C.B., N.K., S.P., A.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Bukur
- Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (TRON), Germany (T.B., V.B.)
| | - Valesca Bukur
- Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (TRON), Germany (T.B., V.B.)
| | - Kristin Grunz
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Rhein-Main, Germany (K.G., D.K., W.R.)
- University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Germany (K.G., D.K., W.R.)
| | - Dilraj Kaur
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Rhein-Main, Germany (K.G., D.K., W.R.)
- University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Germany (K.G., D.K., W.R.)
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Animal Phenotyping Platform, Berlin, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Core Facility High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry (M.M.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Sauter
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Cardiopathology, Germany (M.S., K.K.)
| | - Karin Klingel
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Cardiopathology, Germany (M.S., K.K.)
| | | | - Nikolaus Berndt
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (N.B.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (N.B.)
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany (N.B.)
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- University Medical Center Mainz, Institute for Pathology, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany (M.M.G.)
- University Medical Center Mainz, Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany (M.M.G.)
- Joint Unit Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany (M.M.G.)
- TRON, Mainz, Germany (M.M.G.)
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Rhein-Main, Germany (K.G., D.K., W.R.)
- University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Germany (K.G., D.K., W.R.)
| | - Antje Beling
- Institute of Biochemistry (M.K., C.B., N.K., S.P., A.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Germany (M.K., A.B.)
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Liu X, Xu C, Xiao W, Yan N. Unravelling the role of NFE2L1 in stress responses and related diseases. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102819. [PMID: 37473701 PMCID: PMC10404558 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also known as Nrf1) is a highly conserved transcription factor that belongs to the CNC-bZIP subfamily. Its significance lies in its control over redox balance, proteasome activity, and organ integrity. Stress responses encompass a series of compensatory adaptations utilized by cells and organisms to cope with extracellular or intracellular stress initiated by stressful stimuli. Recently, extensive evidence has demonstrated that NFE2L1 plays a crucial role in cellular stress adaptation by 1) responding to oxidative stress through the induction of antioxidative responses, and 2) addressing proteotoxic stress or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), unfolded protein response (UPR), and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). It is worth noting that NFE2L1 serves as a core factor in proteotoxic stress adaptation, which has been extensively studied in cancer and neurodegeneration associated with enhanced proteasomal stress. In these contexts, utilization of NFE2L1 inhibitors to attenuate proteasome "bounce-back" response holds tremendous potential for enhancing the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors. Additionally, abnormal stress adaptations of NFE2L1 and disturbances in redox and protein homeostasis contribute to the pathophysiological complications of cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a comprehensive exploration of the molecular basis of NFE2L1 and NFE2L1-mediated diseases related to stress responses would not only facilitate the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic indicators but also enable the identification of specific therapeutic targets for NFE2L1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Liu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Xu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wanglong Xiao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Nianlong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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Imbesi C, Ettari R, Irrera N, Zappalà M, Pallio G, Bitto A, Mannino F. Blunting Neuroinflammation by Targeting the Immunoproteasome with Novel Amide Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10732. [PMID: 37445907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response of the nervous tissue mediated by the production of cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species. Recent studies have shown that an upregulation of immunoproteasome is highly associated with various diseases and its inhibition attenuates neuroinflammation. In this context, the development of non-covalent immunoproteasome-selective inhibitors could represent a promising strategy for treating inflammatory diseases. Novel amide derivatives, KJ3 and KJ9, inhibit the β5 subunit of immunoproteasome and were used to evaluate their possible anti-inflammatory effects in an in vitro model of TNF-α induced neuroinflammation. Differentiated SH-SY5Y and microglial cells were challenged with 10 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h and treated with KJ3 (1 µM) and KJ9 (1 µM) for 24 h. The amide derivatives showed a significant reduction of oxidative stress and the inflammatory cascade triggered by TNF-α reducing p-ERK expression in treated cells. Moreover, the key action of these compounds on the immunoproteasome was further confirmed by halting the IkB-α phosphorylation and the consequent inhibition of NF-kB. As downstream targets, IL-1β and IL-6 expression resulted also blunted by either KJ3 and KJ9. These preliminary results suggest that the effects of these two compounds during neuroinflammatory response relies on the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Imbesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Chen X, Mao Y, Guo Y, Xiao D, Lin Z, Huang Y, Liu YC, Zhang X, Wang Y. LMP2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:226. [PMID: 36978132 PMCID: PMC10045813 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence suggests that immunoproteasome is implicated in the various neurological diseases such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether the immunoproteasome itself deficiency causes brain disease is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the contribution of the immunoproteasome subunit low molecular weight protein 2 (LMP2) in neurobehavioral functions. METHODS Male LMP2 gene completed knockout (LMP2-KO) and littermate wild type (WT) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 12-month-old were used for neurobehavioral testing and detection of proteins expression by western blotting and immunofluorescence. A battery of neurobehavioral test tools including Morris water maze (MWM), open field maze, elevated plus maze were used to evaluate the neurobehavioral changes in rats. Evans blue (EB) assay, Luxol fast blue (LFB) and Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining were applied to explore the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, brain myelin damage and brain intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, respectively. RESULTS We firstly found that LMP2 gene deletion did not cause significantly difference in rats' daily feeding activity, growth and development as well as blood routine, but it led to metabolic abnormalities including higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid and blood glucose in the LMP2-KO rats. Compared with the WT rats, LMP2-KO rats displayed obviously cognitive impairment and decreased exploratory activities, increased anxiety-like behavior and without strong effects on gross locomotor abilities. Furthermore, multiple myelin loss, increased BBB leakage, downregulation of tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-5 and occluding, and enhanced amyloid-β protein deposition were observed in brain regions of LMP2-KO rats. In addition, LMP2 deficiency significantly enhanced oxidative stress with elevated levels of ROS, caused the reactivation of astrocytes and microglials and markedly upregulated protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared to the WT rats, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings highlight LMP2 gene global deletion causes significant neurobehavioral dysfunctions. All these factors including metabolic abnormalities, multiple myelin loss, elevated levels of ROS, increased BBB leakage and enhanced amyloid-β protein deposition maybe work together and eventually led to chronic oxidative stress and neuroinflammation response in the brain regions of LMP2-KO rats, which contributed to the initial and progress of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yanguang Mao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yueting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Dongyun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zejing Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yiyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ying Chun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yinzhou Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Academy of Medical Science, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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7
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Zhang J, Li W, Xiong Z, Zhu J, Ren X, Wang S, Kuang H, Lin X, Mora A, Li X. PDGF-D-induced immunoproteasome activation and cell-cell interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2405-2418. [PMID: 37066124 PMCID: PMC10090480 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) is abundantly expressed in ocular diseases. Yet, it remains unknown whether and how PDGF-D affects ocular cells or cell-cell interactions in the eye. In this study, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and a mouse model of PDGF-D overexpression in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, we found that PDGF-D overexpression markedly upregulated the key immunoproteasome genes, leading to increased antigen processing/presentation capacity of RPE cells. Also, more than 6.5-fold ligand-receptor pairs were found in the PDGF-D overexpressing RPE-choroid tissues, suggesting markedly increased cell-cell interactions. Moreover, in the PDGF-D-overexpressing tissues, a unique cell population with a transcriptomic profile of both stromal cells and antigen-presenting RPE cells was detected, suggesting PDGF-D-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of RPE cells. Importantly, administration of ONX-0914, an immunoproteasome inhibitor, suppressed choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a mouse CNV model in vivo. Together, we show that overexpression of PDGF-D increased pro-angiogenic immunoproteasome activities, and inhibiting immunoproteasome pathway may have therapeutic value for the treatment of neovascular diseases.
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Li Y, Fan H, Han X, Sun J, Ni M, Zhang L, Fang F, Zhang W, Ma P. PR-957 Suppresses Th1 and Th17 Cell Differentiation via Inactivating PI3K/AKT Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2023; 510:82-94. [PMID: 36581132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PR-957 [low molecular mass polypeptide (LMP)-7 selective inhibitor] regulates T helper (Th) cell differentiation and inflammatory response in multiple neurological diseases. Hence, this study aimed to explore the effect of PR-957 on Th1/Th2/Th17 cell differentiation, therapeutic efficacy and its potential mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The LMP7 expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 AD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) were detected. PR-957 was added for the incubation of naive cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells from AD patients, then SC79 [phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT) agonist] was added. LMP7, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells were upregulated, while Th2 cells were downregulated in AD patients compared to HC. Also, LMP7 was positively related to Th1 cells and Th17 cells, but it did not correlate with Th2 cells in AD patients. PR-957 treatment downregulated Th1 cells, Th17 cells, and their secreted cytokines as well as phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pPI3K)/PI3K and pAKT/AKT expressions in AD CD4+ T cells. SC79 addition upregulated pAKT/AKT expression, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells, while downregulated Th2 cells; also SC79 could alleviate the effect of PR-957 on regulating PI3K/AKT pathway and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation in AD CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, PR-957 attenuated cognitive impairment and neurofibrillary tangle; also it inhibited Th17 cell differentiation and PI3K/AKT pathway in the brain and spleen of AD mice. In conclusion, PR-957 suppresses Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation, attenuates neural injury and improves cognitive function via inactivating PI3K/AKT pathway in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Hua Fan
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Xiong Han
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Fengqin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Peizhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China.
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9
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Wang H, Dai C, Wen Y, Wang X, Liu W, He S, Bo X, Peng S. GADRP: graph convolutional networks and autoencoders for cancer drug response prediction. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6865039. [PMID: 36460622 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug response prediction in cancer cell lines is of great significance in personalized medicine. In this study, we propose GADRP, a cancer drug response prediction model based on graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and autoencoders (AEs). We first use a stacked deep AE to extract low-dimensional representations from cell line features, and then construct a sparse drug cell line pair (DCP) network incorporating drug, cell line, and DCP similarity information. Later, initial residual and layer attention-based GCN (ILGCN) that can alleviate over-smoothing problem is utilized to learn DCP features. And finally, fully connected network is employed to make prediction. Benchmarking results demonstrate that GADRP can significantly improve prediction performance on all metrics compared with baselines on five datasets. Particularly, experiments of predictions of unknown DCP responses, drug-cancer tissue associations, and drug-pathway associations illustrate the predictive power of GADRP. All results highlight the effectiveness of GADRP in predicting drug responses, and its potential value in guiding anti-cancer drug selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chong Dai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Song He
- Department of Bioinformatics, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shaoliang Peng
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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10
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Ong EZ, Yee JX, Ooi JSG, Syenina A, de Alwis R, Chen S, Sim JXY, Kalimuddin S, Leong YS, Chan YFZ, Sekulovich R, Sullivan BM, Lindert K, Sullivan SB, Chivukula P, Hughes SG, Low JG, Ooi EE, Chan KR. Immune gene expression analysis indicates the potential of a self-amplifying Covid-19 mRNA vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:154. [PMID: 36443317 PMCID: PMC9703414 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable potency has been demonstrated for mRNA vaccines in reducing the global burden of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. An alternative form of the mRNA vaccine is the self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) vaccine, which encodes an alphavirus replicase that self-amplifies the full-length mRNA and SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) transgene. However, early-phase clinical trials of sa-mRNA COVID-19 vaccine candidates have questioned the potential of this platform to develop potent vaccines. We examined the immune gene response to a candidate sa-mRNA vaccine against COVID-19, ARCT-021, and compared our findings to the host response to other forms of vaccines. In blood samples from healthy volunteers that participated in a phase I/II clinical trial, greater induction of transcripts involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, antigen presentation and complement activation at 1 day post-vaccination was associated with higher anti-S antibody titers. Conversely, transcripts involved in T-cell maturation at day 7 post-vaccination informed the magnitude of eventual S-specific T-cell responses. The transcriptomic signature for ARCT-021 vaccination strongly correlated with live viral vector vaccines, adjuvanted vaccines and BNT162b2 1 day post-vaccination. Moreover, the ARCT-021 signature correlated with day 7 YF17D live-attenuated vaccine transcriptomic responses. Altogether, our findings show that sa-mRNA vaccination induces innate immune responses that are associated with the development of adaptive immunity from other forms of vaccines, supporting further development of this vaccine platform for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Z. Ong
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Xin Yee
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin S. G. Ooi
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ayesa Syenina
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruklanthi de Alwis
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiwei Chen
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean X. Y. Sim
- grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Shan Leong
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvonne F. Z. Chan
- grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Kelly Lindert
- grid.508931.6Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Pad Chivukula
- grid.508931.6Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Jenny G. Low
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.512024.00000 0004 8513 1236Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre at SingHealth-Duke-NUS (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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The dichotomous role of immunoproteasome in cancer: Friend or foe? Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1976-1989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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12
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Upadhyai P, Shenoy PU, Banjan B, Albeshr MF, Mahboob S, Manzoor I, Das R. Exome-Wide Association Study Reveals Host Genetic Variants Likely Associated with the Severity of COVID-19 in Patients of European Ancestry. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1300. [PMID: 36143338 PMCID: PMC9504138 DOI: 10.3390/life12091300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Host genetic variability plays a pivotal role in modulating COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Despite the functional relevance of protein-coding regions, rare variants located here are less likely to completely explain the considerable numbers of acutely affected COVID-19 patients worldwide. Using an exome-wide association approach, with individuals of European descent, we sought to identify common coding variants linked with variation in COVID-19 severity. Herein, cohort 1 compared non-hospitalized (controls) and hospitalized (cases) individuals, and in cohort 2, hospitalized subjects requiring respiratory support (cases) were compared to those not requiring it (controls). 229 and 111 variants differed significantly between cases and controls in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. This included FBXO34, CNTN2, and TMCC2 previously linked with COVID-19 severity using association studies. Overall, we report SNPs in 26 known and 12 novel candidate genes with strong molecular evidence implicating them in the pathophysiology of life-threatening COVID-19 and post-recovery sequelae. Of these few notable known genes include, HLA-DQB1, AHSG, ALOX5AP, MUC5AC, SMPD1, SPG7, SPEG,GAS6, and SERPINA12. These results enhance our understanding of the pathomechanisms underlying the COVID-19 clinical spectrum and may be exploited to prioritize biomarkers for predicting disease severity, as well as to improve treatment strategies in individuals of European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Upadhyai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Pooja U. Shenoy
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Bhavya Banjan
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Mohammed F. Albeshr
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Manzoor
- Department of Biology, The College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Ranajit Das
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
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Downey-Kopyscinski SL, Srinivasa S, Kisselev AF. A clinically relevant pulse treatment generates a bortezomib-resistant myeloma cell line that lacks proteasome mutations and is sensitive to Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12788. [PMID: 35896610 PMCID: PMC9329464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib are the backbones of treatments of multiple myeloma, which remains incurable despite many recent advances. With many patients relapsing despite high initial response rates to proteasome inhibitor-containing regimens, it is critical to understand the process of acquired resistance. In vitro generated resistant cell lines are important tools in this process. The majority of previously developed bortezomib-resistant cell lines bear mutations in the proteasome PSMB5 sites, the prime target of bortezomib and carfilzomib, which are rarely observed in patients. Here we present a novel bortezomib-resistant derivative of the KMS-12-BM multiple myeloma cell line, KMS-12-BM-BPR. Unlike previously published bortezomib-resistant cell lines, it was created using clinically relevant twice-weekly pulse treatments with bortezomib instead of continuous incubation. It does not contain mutations in the PSMB5 site and retains its sensitivity to carfilzomib. Reduced load on proteasome due to decreased protein synthesis appears to be the main cause of resistance. In addition, KMS-12-BM-BPR cells are more sensitive to Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of creating a proteasome inhibitor resistant myeloma cell lines by using clinically relevant pulse treatments and provides a novel model of acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondra L Downey-Kopyscinski
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- SLDK-Rancho Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sriraja Srinivasa
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, PRB, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Alexei F Kisselev
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, PRB, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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14
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Ignatz-Hoover JJ, Murphy EV, Driscoll JJ. Targeting Proteasomes in Cancer and Infectious Disease: A Parallel Strategy to Treat Malignancies and Microbes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:925804. [PMID: 35873166 PMCID: PMC9302482 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.925804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential core pathways of cellular biology are preserved throughout evolution, highlighting the importance of these pathways for both bacteria and human cancer cells alike. Cell viability requires a proper balance between protein synthesis and degradation in order to maintain integrity of the proteome. Proteasomes are highly intricate, tightly regulated multisubunit complexes that are critical to achieve protein homeostasis (proteostasis) through the selective degradation of misfolded, redundant and damaged proteins. Proteasomes function as the catalytic core of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) which regulates a myriad of essential processes including growth, survival, differentiation, drug resistance and apoptosis. Proteasomes recognize and degrade proteins that have been marked by covalently attached poly-ubiquitin chains. Deregulation of the UPP has emerged as an essential etiology of many prominent diseases, including cancer. Proteasome inhibitors selectively target cancer cells, including those resistant to chemotherapy, while sparing healthy cells. Proteasome inhibition has emerged as a transformative anti-myeloma strategy that has extended survival for certain patient populations from 3 to 8 years. The structural architecture and functional activity of proteasomes is conserved from Archaea to humans to support the concept that proteasomes are actionable targets that can be inhibited in pathogenic organisms to improve the treatment of infectious diseases. Proteasomes have an essential role during all stages of the parasite life cycle and features that distinguish proteasomes in pathogens from human forms have been revealed. Advancement of inhibitors that target Plasmodium and Mycobacterial proteasomes is a means to improve treatment of malaria and tuberculosis. In addition, PIs may also synergize with current frontline agents support as resistance to conventional drugs continues to increase. The proteasome represents a highly promising, actionable target to combat infectious diseases that devastate lives and livelihoods around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Ignatz-Hoover
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Elena V. Murphy
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biochemistry, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James J. Driscoll
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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15
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Oliveri F, Basler M, Rao TN, Fehling HJ, Groettrup M. Immunoproteasome Inhibition Reduces the T Helper 2 Response in Mouse Models of Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870720. [PMID: 35711460 PMCID: PMC9197384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic asthma is a chronic disease and medical treatment often fails to fully control the disease in the long term, leading to a great need for new therapeutic approaches. Immunoproteasome inhibition impairs T helper cell function and is effective in many (auto-) inflammatory settings but its effect on allergic airway inflammation is unknown. Methods Immunoproteasome expression was analyzed in in vitro polarized T helper cell subsets. To study Th2 cells in vivo acute allergic airway inflammation was induced in GATIR (GATA-3-vYFP reporter) mice using ovalbumin and house dust mite extract. Mice were treated with the immunoproteasome inhibitor ONX 0914 or vehicle during the challenge phase and the induction of airway inflammation was analyzed. Results In vitro polarized T helper cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg) express high levels of immunoproteasome subunits. GATIR mice proved to be a useful tool for identification of Th2 cells. Immunoproteasome inhibition reduced the Th2 response in both airway inflammation models. Furthermore, T cell activation and antigen-specific cytokine secretion was impaired and a reduced infiltration of eosinophils and professional antigen-presenting cells into the lung and the bronchoalveolar space was observed in the ovalbumin model. Conclusion These results show the importance of the immunoproteasome in Th2 cells and airway inflammation. Our data provides first insight into the potential of using immunoproteasome inhibition to target the aberrant Th2 response, e.g. in allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Oliveri
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Basler
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Marcus Groettrup,
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16
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Immunoproteasome Activity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia as a Target of the Immunoproteasome-Selective Inhibitors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050838. [PMID: 35269460 PMCID: PMC8909520 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting proteasome with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) is an approved treatment strategy in multiple myeloma that has also been explored pre-clinically and clinically in other hematological malignancies. The approved PIs target both the constitutive and the immunoproteasome, the latter being present predominantly in cells of lymphoid origin. Therapeutic targeting of the immunoproteasome in cells with sole immunoproteasome activity may be selectively cytotoxic in malignant cells, while sparing the non-lymphoid tissues from the on-target PIs toxicity. Using activity-based probes to assess the proteasome activity profile and correlating it with the cytotoxicity assays, we identified B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) to express predominantly immunoproteasome activity, which is associated with high sensitivity to approved proteasome inhibitors and, more importantly, to the immunoproteasome selective inhibitors LU005i and LU035i, targeting all immunoproteasome active subunits or only the immunoproteasome β5i, respectively. At the same time, LU102, a proteasome β2 inhibitor, sensitized B-CLL or immunoproteasome inhibitor-inherently resistant primary cells of acute myeloid leukemia, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia to low doses of LU035i. The immunoproteasome thus represents a novel therapeutic target, which warrants further testing with clinical stage immunoproteasome inhibitors in monotherapy or in combinations.
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17
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Kisselev AF. Site-Specific Proteasome Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2021; 12:54. [PMID: 35053202 PMCID: PMC8773591 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome is a multi-subunit protein degradation machine, which plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis and, through degradation of regulatory proteins, in the regulation of numerous cell functions. Proteasome inhibitors are essential tools for biomedical research. Three proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib are approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple myeloma; another inhibitor, marizomib, is undergoing clinical trials. The proteolytic core of the proteasome has three pairs of active sites, β5, β2, and β1. All clinical inhibitors and inhibitors that are widely used as research tools (e.g., epoxomicin, MG-132) inhibit multiple active sites and have been extensively reviewed in the past. In the past decade, highly specific inhibitors of individual active sites and the distinct active sites of the lymphoid tissue-specific immunoproteasome have been developed. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these site-specific inhibitors of mammalian proteasomes and describe their utilization in the studies of the biology of the active sites and their roles as drug targets for the treatment of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei F Kisselev
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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18
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Blood Immunoproteasome Activity Is Regulated by Sex, Age and in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: A First Population-Based Study. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123336. [PMID: 34943847 PMCID: PMC8699521 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the immunoproteasome has been implicated in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Its potential as a biomarker for predicting disease stages, however, has not been investigated so far and population-based analyses on the impact of sex and age are missing. We here analyzed the activity of all six catalytic sites of the proteasome in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 873 study participants of the KORA FF4 study using activity-based probes. The activity of the immuno- and standard proteasome correlated clearly with elevated leukocyte counts of study participants. Unexpectedly, we observed a strong sex dimorphism for proteasome activity with significantly lower immunoproteasome activity in women. In aging, almost all catalytic activities of the proteasome were activated in aged women while maintained upon aging in men. We also noted distinct sex-related activation patterns of standard and immunoproteasome active sites in chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as determined by multiple linear regression modeling. Our data thus provides a conceptual framework for future analysis of immunoproteasome function as a bio-marker for chronic inflammatory disease development and progression.
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19
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On the Role of the Immunoproteasome in Protein Homeostasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113216. [PMID: 34831438 PMCID: PMC8621243 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous cellular processes are controlled by the proteasome, a multicatalytic protease in the cytosol and nucleus of all eukaryotic cells, through regulated protein degradation. The immunoproteasome is a special type of proteasome which is inducible under inflammatory conditions and constitutively expressed in hematopoietic cells. MECL-1 (β2i), LMP2 (β1i), and LMP7 (β5i) are the proteolytically active subunits of the immunoproteasome (IP), which is known to shape the antigenic repertoire presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Furthermore, the immunoproteasome is involved in T cell expansion and inflammatory diseases. In recent years, targeting the immunoproteasome in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and transplantation proved to be therapeutically effective in preclinical animal models. However, the prime function of standard proteasomes and immunoproteasomes is the control of protein homeostasis in cells. To maintain protein homeostasis in cells, proteasomes remove proteins which are not properly folded, which are damaged by stress conditions such as reactive oxygen species formation, or which have to be degraded on the basis of regular protein turnover. In this review we summarize the latest insights on how the immunoproteasome influences protein homeostasis.
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20
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Zegallai HM, Abu-El-Rub E, Cole LK, Field J, Mejia EM, Gordon JW, Marshall AJ, Hatch GM. Tafazzin deficiency impairs mitochondrial metabolism and function of lipopolysaccharide activated B lymphocytes in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22023. [PMID: 34767647 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100811rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity and play a key role in the immune response. Optimal mitochondrial function is required to support B cell activity during activation. We examined how deficiency of tafazzin, a cardiolipin remodeling enzyme required for mitochondrial function, alters the metabolic activity of B cells and their response to activation by lipopolysaccharide in mice. B cells were isolated from 3-month-old wild type or tafazzin knockdown mice and incubated for up to 72 h with lipopolysaccharide and cell proliferation, expression of cell surface markers, secretion of antibodies and chemokines, proteasome and immunoproteasome activities, and metabolic function determined. In addition, proteomic analysis was performed to identify altered levels of proteins involved in survival, immunogenic, proteasomal and mitochondrial processes. Compared to wild type lipopolysaccharide activated B cells, lipopolysaccharide activated tafazzin knockdown B cells exhibited significantly reduced proliferation, lowered expression of cluster of differentiation 86 and cluster of differentiation 69 surface markers, reduced secretion of immunoglobulin M antibody, reduced secretion of keratinocytes-derived chemokine and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2, reduced proteasome and immunoproteasome activities, and reduced mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Proteomic analysis revealed significant alterations in key protein targets that regulate cell survival, immunogenicity, proteasomal processing and mitochondrial function consistent with the findings of the above functional studies. The results indicate that the cardiolipin transacylase enzyme tafazzin plays a key role in regulating mouse B cell function and metabolic activity during activation through modulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Zegallai
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jared Field
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Edgard M Mejia
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,College of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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21
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Kammerl IE, Hardy S, Flexeder C, Urmann A, Peierl J, Wang Y, Vosyka O, Frankenberger M, Milger K, Behr J, Koch A, Merl-Pham J, Hauck SM, Pilette C, Schulz H, Meiners S. Activation of immune cell proteasomes in peripheral blood of smokers and COPD patients - implications for therapy. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.01798-2021. [PMID: 34561290 PMCID: PMC8891681 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01798-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells contain a specialised type of proteasome, i.e. the immunoproteasome, which is required for intracellular protein degradation. Immunoproteasomes are key regulators of immune cell differentiation, inflammatory activation and autoimmunity. Immunoproteasome function in peripheral immune cells might be altered by smoking and in COPD thereby affecting immune cell responses.We here analysed the expression and activity of proteasome complexes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from healthy male young smokers as well as from patients with severe COPD and compared them to matching controls. Proteasome expression was upregulated in COPD patients as assessed by RT-qPCR and mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. Proteasome activity was quantified using activity-based probes and native gel analysis. We observed distinct activation of immunoproteasomes in the peripheral blood cells of young male smokers and severely ill COPD patients. Native gel analysis and linear regression modeling confirmed robust activation and elevated assembly of 20S proteasomes, which correlated significantly with reduced lung function parameters in COPD patients. The immunoproteasome was distinctly activated in COPD patients upon inflammatory cytokine stimulation of PBMCs in vitro Inhibition of the immunoproteasome reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression in COPD-derived blood immune cells.Given the crucial role of chronic inflammatory signalling and the emerging involvement of autoimmune responses in COPD, therapeutic targeting of the immunoproteasome might represent a novel therapeutic concept for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona E Kammerl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Hardy
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, department of pulmonology, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of pulmonology, ENT and dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Urmann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Peierl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Vosyka
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Frankenberger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Milger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Koch
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Dept. of Pneumology, Teaching Hospital Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Austria
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Charles Pilette
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, department of pulmonology, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of pulmonology, ENT and dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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22
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Reboud-Ravaux M. [The proteasome - structural aspects and inhibitors: a second life for a validated drug target]. Biol Aujourdhui 2021; 215:1-23. [PMID: 34397372 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is the central component of the adaptable ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) discovered in the 1980's. It sustains protein homeostasis (proteostasis) under a large variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Its dysregulation has been often associated to various human diseases. Its potential regulation by modulators has emerged as promising avenue to develop treatments of various pathologies. The FDA approval in 2003 of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib to treat multiple myeloma, then mantle lymphoma in 2006, has considerably increased the clinical interest of proteasome inhibition. Second-generation proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib) have been approved to overcome bortezomib resistance and improved toxicity profile and route of administration. Selective inhibition of immunoproteasome is a promising approach towards the development of immunomodulatory drugs. The design of these drugs relies greatly on the elucidation of high-resolution structures of the targeted proteasomes. The ATPase-dependent 26S proteasome (2.4 MDa) consists of a 20S proteolytic core and one or two 19S regulatory particles. The 20S core contains three types of catalytic sites. In recent years, due to technical advances especially in atomic cryo-electron microscopy, significant progress has been made in the understanding of 26S proteasome structure and its dynamics. Stepwise conformational changes of the 19S particle induced by ATP hydrolysis lead to substrate translocation, 20S pore opening and processive protein degradation by the 20S proteolytic subunits (2β1, 2β2 and 2β5). A large variety of structurally different inhibitors, both natural products or synthetic compounds targeting immuno- and constitutive proteasomes, has been discovered. The latest advances in this drug discovery are presented. Knowledge about structures, inhibition mechanism and detailed biological regulations of proteasomes can guide strategies for the development of next-generation inhibitors to treat human diseases, especially cancers, immune disorders and pathogen infections. Proteasome activators are also potentially applicable to the reduction of proteotoxic stresses in neurodegeneration and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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23
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Desterke C, Turhan AG, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Griscelli F. HLA-dependent heterogeneity and macrophage immunoproteasome activation during lung COVID-19 disease. J Transl Med 2021; 19:290. [PMID: 34225749 PMCID: PMC8256232 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is characterized by significant and unpredictable heterogeneity in symptoms that remains poorly understood. METHODS Transcriptome and single cell transcriptome of COVID19 lung were integrated with deeplearning analysis of MHC class I immunopeptidome against SARS-COV2 proteome. RESULTS An analysis of the transcriptomes of lung samples from COVID-19 patients revealed that activation of MHC class I antigen presentation in these tissues was correlated with the amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA present. Similarly, a positive relationship was detected in these samples between the level of SARS-CoV-2 and the expression of a genomic cluster located in the 6p21.32 region (40 kb long, inside the MHC-II cluster) that encodes constituents of the immunoproteasome. An analysis of single-cell transcriptomes of bronchoalveolar cells highlighted the activation of the immunoproteasome in CD68 + M1 macrophages of COVID-19 patients in addition to a PSMB8-based trajectory in these cells that featured an activation of defense response during mild cases of the disease, and an impairment of alveolar clearance mechanisms during severe COVID-19. By examining the binding affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 immunopeptidome with the most common HLA-A, -B, and -C alleles worldwide, we found higher numbers of stronger presenters in type A alleles and in Asian populations, which could shed light on why this disease is now less widespread in this part of the world. CONCLUSIONS HLA-dependent heterogeneity in macrophage immunoproteasome activation during lung COVID-19 disease could have implications for efforts to predict the response to HLA-dependent SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Desterke
- INSERM UA9- University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Ali G Turhan
- INSERM UA9- University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
- ESTeam Paris Sud, INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Division of Hematology, Kremlin-Bicetre Hospital, 94270, Kremlin Bicetre, France
- University Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- INSERM UA9- University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
- ESTeam Paris Sud, INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Division of Hematology, Kremlin-Bicetre Hospital, 94270, Kremlin Bicetre, France
- University Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- INSERM UA9- University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- ESTeam Paris Sud, INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- University of Paris, Faculty Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté Des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Et Biologiques, Paris, France.
- Department of Biopathology, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Institute, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM UA9, Institut André Lwoff, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment A CNRS, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94802, Villejuif, France.
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24
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Immunoproteasome Function in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071577. [PMID: 34206607 PMCID: PMC8305381 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a central part of protein homeostasis, degrading not only misfolded or oxidized proteins but also proteins with essential functions. The fact that a healthy hematopoietic system relies on the regulation of protein homeostasis and that alterations in the UPS can lead to malignant transformation makes the UPS an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Herein, inhibitors of the proteasome, the last and most important component of the UPS enzymatic cascade, have been approved for the treatment of these malignancies. However, their use has been associated with side effects, drug resistance, and relapse. Inhibitors of the immunoproteasome, a proteasomal variant constitutively expressed in the cells of hematopoietic origin, could potentially overcome the encountered problems of non-selective proteasome inhibition. Immunoproteasome inhibitors have demonstrated their efficacy and safety against inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, even though their development for the treatment of hematologic malignancies is still in the early phases. Various immunoproteasome inhibitors have shown promising preliminary results in pre-clinical studies, and one inhibitor is currently being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Here, we will review data on immunoproteasome function and inhibition in hematopoietic cells and hematologic cancers.
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25
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Ibañez-Vega J, Del Valle F, Sáez JJ, Guzman F, Diaz J, Soza A, Yuseff MI. Ecm29-Dependent Proteasome Localization Regulates Cytoskeleton Remodeling at the Immune Synapse. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650817. [PMID: 34055780 PMCID: PMC8155528 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of an immune synapse (IS) enables B cells to capture membrane-tethered antigens, where cortical actin cytoskeleton remodeling regulates cell spreading and depletion of F-actin at the centrosome promotes the recruitment of lysosomes to facilitate antigen extraction. How B cells regulate both pools of actin, remains poorly understood. We report here that decreased F-actin at the centrosome and IS relies on the distribution of the proteasome, regulated by Ecm29. Silencing Ecm29 decreases the proteasome pool associated to the centrosome of B cells and shifts its accumulation to the cell cortex and IS. Accordingly, Ecm29-silenced B cells display increased F-actin at the centrosome, impaired centrosome and lysosome repositioning to the IS and defective antigen extraction and presentation. Ecm29-silenced B cells, which accumulate higher levels of proteasome at the cell cortex, display decreased actin retrograde flow in lamellipodia and enhanced spreading responses. Our findings support a model where B the asymmetric distribution of the proteasome, mediated by Ecm29, coordinates actin dynamics at the centrosome and the IS, promoting lysosome recruitment and cell spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ibañez-Vega
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Del Valle
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan José Sáez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzman
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jheimmy Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Yuseff
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Role of Proteasomes in Inflammation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081783. [PMID: 33923887 PMCID: PMC8072576 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is involved in multiple cellular functions including the regulation of protein homeostasis, major histocompatibility (MHC) class I antigen processing, cell cycle proliferation and signaling. In humans, proteasome loss-of-function mutations result in autoinflammation dominated by a prominent type I interferon (IFN) gene signature. These genomic alterations typically cause the development of proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PRAAS) by impairing proteasome activity and perturbing protein homeostasis. However, an abnormal increased proteasomal activity can also be found in other human inflammatory diseases. In this review, we cast a light on the different clinical aspects of proteasomal activity in human disease and summarize the currently studied therapeutic approaches.
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27
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Basler M, Christ M, Goebel H, Groettrup M. Immunoproteasome Upregulation Is Not Required to Control Protein Homeostasis during Viral Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1697-1708. [PMID: 33731337 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The prime function of proteasomes is the control of protein homeostasis in cells (i.e., the removal of proteins that are not properly folded, damaged by stress conditions like reactive oxygen species formation, or degraded on the basis of regular protein turnover). During viral infection, the standard proteasome is replaced by the so-called immunoproteasome (IP) in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. It has been proposed that the IP is required to protect cell viability under conditions of IFN-induced oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the requirement for IP to cope with the enhanced need for protein degradation during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice lacking the IP subunit LMP7. We found that IP are upregulated in the liver but not in the spleen during LCMV infection, although the total proteasome content was not altered. The expression of standard proteasome subunits is not induced in LMP7-deficient mice, indicating that enhanced proteasomal activity is not required during viral infection. Furthermore, ubiquitin accumulation, apoptosis induction, and viral titers were similar in LCMV-infected mice lacking LMP7 compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, these data indicate that the IP is not required to regulate protein homeostasis during LCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Basler
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; and .,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Marleen Christ
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; and
| | - Heike Goebel
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; and
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; and.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
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28
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Frantzeskakis M, Takahama Y, Ohigashi I. The Role of Proteasomes in the Thymus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646209. [PMID: 33815406 PMCID: PMC8017227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus provides a microenvironment that supports the generation and selection of T cells. Cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) and medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) are essential components of the thymic microenvironment and present MHC-associated self-antigens to developing thymocytes for the generation of immunocompetent and self-tolerant T cells. Proteasomes are multicomponent protease complexes that degrade ubiquitinated proteins and produce peptides that are destined to be associated with MHC class I molecules. cTECs specifically express thymoproteasomes that are essential for optimal positive selection of CD8+ T cells, whereas mTECs, which contribute to the establishment of self-tolerance in T cells, express immunoproteasomes. Immunoproteasomes are also detectable in dendritic cells and developing thymocytes, additionally contributing to T cell development in the thymus. In this review, we summarize the functions of proteasomes expressed in the thymus, focusing on recent findings pertaining to the functions of the thymoproteasomes and the immunoproteasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Frantzeskakis
- Thymus Biology Section, Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Thymus Biology Section, Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Du SH, Xiang YJ, Liu L, Nie M, Hou Y, Wang L, Li BB, Xu M, Teng QL, Peng J, Hou M, Shi Y. Co-Inhibition of the Immunoproteasome Subunits LMP2 and LMP7 Ameliorates Immune Thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2021; 11:603278. [PMID: 33552061 PMCID: PMC7855704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoproteasome, a special isoform of the 20S proteasome, is expressed when the cells receive an inflammatory signal. Immunoproteasome inhibition proved efficacy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, the role of the immunoproteasome in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains unknown. We found that the expression of the immunoproteasome catalytic subunit, large multifunctional protease 2 (LMP2), was significantly upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of active ITP patients compared to those of healthy controls. No significant differences in LMP7 expression were observed between patients and controls. ML604440, an specific LMP2 inhibitor, had no significant impact on the platelet count of ITP mice, while ONX-0914 (an inhibitor of both LMP2 and LMP7) increased the number of platelets. In vitro assays revealed that ONX-0914 decreased the expression of FcγRI in ITP mice and decreased that of FcγRIII in ITP patients, inhibited the activation of CD4+ T cells, and affected the differentiation of Th1 cells in patients with ITP. These results suggest that the inhibition of immunoproteasome is a potential therapeutic approach for ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-hong Du
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yu-jiao Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mu Nie
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Ban-ban Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-liang Teng
- Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center in Hematological Diseases, Jinan, China
- Leading Research Group of Scientific Innovation, Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Çetin G, Klafack S, Studencka-Turski M, Krüger E, Ebstein F. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Immune Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010060. [PMID: 33466553 PMCID: PMC7824874 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the major intracellular and non-lysosomal protein degradation system. Thanks to its unique capacity of eliminating old, damaged, misfolded, and/or regulatory proteins in a highly specific manner, the UPS is virtually involved in almost all aspects of eukaryotic life. The critical importance of the UPS is particularly visible in immune cells which undergo a rapid and profound functional remodelling upon pathogen recognition. Innate and/or adaptive immune activation is indeed characterized by a number of substantial changes impacting various cellular processes including protein homeostasis, signal transduction, cell proliferation, and antigen processing which are all tightly regulated by the UPS. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which the UPS contributes to the generation of an adequate immune response. In this regard, we also discuss the consequences of UPS dysfunction and its role in the pathogenesis of recently described immune disorders including cancer and auto-inflammatory diseases.
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31
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Ghannam K, Martinez Gamboa L, Kedor C, Spengler L, Kuckelkorn U, Häupl T, Burmester G, Feist E. Response to abatacept is associated with the inhibition of proteasome β1i expression in T cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2020; 6:rmdopen-2020-001248. [PMID: 32998980 PMCID: PMC7547540 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Abatacept is a biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and modulates the costimulatory signal by cluster of differentiation (CD)28:CD80/CD86 interaction required for T cell activation. Since CD28-mediated signalling regulates many T cell functions including cytokine production of, for example, interferons (IFNs), it is of interest to clarify, whether response to abatacept has an effect on the IFN inducible immunoproteasome, as a central regulator of the immune response. Methods Effects of abatacept on the proteasome were investigated in 39 patients with RA over a period of 24 weeks. Using real-time PCR, transcript levels of constitutive and corresponding immunoproteasome catalytic subunits were investigated at baseline (T0), week 16 (T16) and week 24 (T24) in sorted blood cells. Proteasomal activity and induction of apoptosis after proteasome inhibition were also evaluated. Results Abatacept achieved remission or low disease activity in 55% of patients at T16 and in 70% of patients at T24. By two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), a significant reduction of proteasome immunosubunit β1i was shown only in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of sustained responders at both T16 and T24. One-way ANOVA analysis for each response group confirmed the results and showed a significant reduction at T24 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of the same group. Abatacept did not influence chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome and had no effect on induction of apoptosis under exposure to a proteasome inhibitor in vitro. Conclusion The reduction of proteasome immunosubunit β1i in T cells of patients with RA with sustained response to abatacept suggests association of the immunoproteasome of T cells with RA disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khetam Ghannam
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorena Martinez Gamboa
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Kedor
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lydia Spengler
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kuckelkorn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugen Feist
- Helios Fachklinik Vogelsang-Gommern GmbH, Vogelsang-Gommern, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Recent insights how combined inhibition of immuno/proteasome subunits enables therapeutic efficacy. Genes Immun 2020; 21:273-287. [PMID: 32839530 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-00109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome is a multicatalytic protease in the cytosol and nucleus of all eukaryotic cells that controls numerous cellular processes through regulated protein degradation. Proteasome inhibitors have significantly improved the survival of multiple myeloma patients. However, clinically approved proteasome inhibitors have failed to show efficacy against solid tumors, neither alone nor in combination with other therapies. Targeting the immunoproteasome with selective inhibitors has been therapeutically effective in preclinical models for several autoimmune diseases and colon cancer. Moreover, immunoproteasome inhibitors prevented the chronic rejection of allogeneic organ transplants. In recent years, it has become apparent that inhibition of one single active center of the proteasome is insufficient to achieve therapeutic benefits. In this review we summarize the latest insights how targeting multiple catalytically active proteasome subunits can interfere with disease progression in autoimmunity, growth of solid tumors, and allograft rejection.
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Zhang XZ, Han F, Ding CG, Dou M, Wang YX, Xue WJ, Ding XM, Zheng J, Xu CX, Tian PX. Different roles of bortezomib and ONX 0914 in acute kidney injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106259. [PMID: 32143000 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib offers one more option for acute or chronic antibody-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation, but aggravated acute kidney injury (AKI) in some cases early after surgery using bortezomib bring new problem. Here, we evaluated the effects of bortezomib and ONX-0914 on renal tubule injury in a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. After treated with bortezomib, serum creatinine, usea nitrogen and tubular necrosis significantly increased compared with vehicle-treated mice, but decreased in ONX-0914 group mildly. Infiltration of neutrophil and macrophage were less in bortezomib and ONX-0914-treated mice than vehicle-treated group, and the same was observed on oxidative stress in the kidneys. Furthermore, the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells increased in bortezomib-treated mice' kidneys compared with ONX-0914 and vehicle-treated controls. In vitro HK2 cell experiments also demonstrated the proapoptotic effect of bortezomib. The mRNA expression of several proapoptotic factors increased in kidneys of bortezomib-treated mice. In brief, bortezomib, as a proteasome inhibitor, shows a certain cytotoxicity to renal tubular epithelial cell during ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) through increased apoptosis. ONX-0914, as an immunoproteasome inhibitor, showed equal potency on anti-inflammation and oxidative stress relieving compared with bortezomib, while less cytotoxicity. The results render the immunoproteasome is a better target for anti-rejection and protecting kidney function in the field of organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Guang Ding
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Dou
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wu-Jun Xue
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ding
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cui-Xiang Xu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Center of Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Pu-Xun Tian
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hospital of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Mehta A, Merkel OM. Immunogenicity of Cas9 Protein. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:62-67. [PMID: 31589876 PMCID: PMC7115921 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) form the adaptive immune system in archaea and bacteria and have been modified for genome engineering in eukaryotic cells. CRISPR systems contain 2 components, a single-guide RNA, which is a short RNA composed of a 20 nucleotide sequence that targets specific sites in the genomic DNA and a scaffold necessary for its binding to the CRISPR-associated endonuclease (Cas9). Because of its high efficiency and accuracy, the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing based therapies are poised to treat a multitude of human diseases with a promise to target previously "undruggable" proteins. As the first in-body clinical trial with CRISPR-Cas9 is embarked on, the risks associated with administering the genome editing machinery to patients become increasingly relevant. Recent studies have demonstrated an innate and adaptive cellular immune response to Cas9 in mouse models and the presence of anti-Cas9 antibodies and T-cells in human plasma. Pre-existing immunity against therapeutic Cas9 delivery could decrease its efficacy in vivo and may pose significant safety issues. This review focuses on the immunogenicity of the Cas9 protein and summarizes potential approaches to circumvent the problem of immune recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mehta
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia M. Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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A dual inhibitor of the proteasome catalytic subunits LMP2 and Y attenuates disease progression in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18393. [PMID: 31804556 PMCID: PMC6895163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoproteasome (iP) is a variant of the constitutive proteasome (cP) that is abundantly expressed in immune cells which can also be induced in somatic cells by cytokines such as TNF-α or IFN-γ. Accumulating evidence support that the iP is closely linked to multiple facets of inflammatory response, eventually leading to the development of several iP inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases. Recent studies also found that the iP is upregulated in reactive glial cells surrounding amyloid β (Aβ) deposits in brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, but the role it plays in the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of several proteasome inhibitors on cognitive function in AD mouse models and found that YU102, a dual inhibitor of the iP catalytic subunit LMP2 and the cP catalytic subunit Y, ameliorates cognitive impairments in AD mouse models without affecting Aβ deposition. The data obtained from our investigation revealed that YU102 suppresses the secretion of inflammatory cytokines from microglial cells. Overall, this study indicates that there may exist a potential link between LMP2/Y and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and that inhibition of these subunits may offer a new therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Basler M, Claus M, Klawitter M, Goebel H, Groettrup M. Immunoproteasome Inhibition Selectively Kills Human CD14 + Monocytes and as a Result Dampens IL-23 Secretion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1776-1785. [PMID: 31484727 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MECL-1 (β2i), LMP2 (β1i), and LMP7 (β5i) are the proteolytically active subunits of the immunoproteasome (IP), a special type of proteasome mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Targeting the IP in autoimmune diseases proved to be therapeutically effective in preclinical mouse models. In endotoxin-stimulated human PBMCs, IP inhibition reduces the secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines, with the suppression of IL-23 being the most prominent. In this study, we investigated why the production of IL-23, a key mediator of inflammation in autoimmunity, is blocked when the IP is inhibited in LPS-stimulated human PBMCs. CD14+ monocytes could be identified as the main producers of IL-23 in LPS-stimulated PBMCs. We found that IP inhibition with the irreversible LMP7/LMP2 inhibitor ONX 0914 induced apoptosis in CD14+ monocytes, whereas CD4+, CD3+, CD19+, and CD56+ cells remained unaffected. A high expression of IPs renders monocytes susceptible to IP inhibition, leading to an accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins and the induction of the unfolded protein response. Similar to IP inhibition, inducers of the unfolded protein response selectively kill CD14+ monocytes in human PBMCs. The blockage of the translation in CD14+ monocytes protects these cells from ONX 0914-induced cell death, indicating that the IP is required to maintain protein turnover in monocytes. Taken together, our data reveal why IP inhibition is particularly effective in the suppression of IL-23-driven autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Basler
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; and .,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Meike Claus
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; and
| | - Moritz Klawitter
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; and
| | - Heike Goebel
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; and
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; and.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
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Ladi E, Everett C, Stivala CE, Daniels BE, Durk MR, Harris SF, Huestis MP, Purkey HE, Staben ST, Augustin M, Blaesse M, Steinbacher S, Eidenschenk C, Pappu R, Siu M. Design and Evaluation of Highly Selective Human Immunoproteasome Inhibitors Reveal a Compensatory Process That Preserves Immune Cell Viability. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7032-7041. [PMID: 31283222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pan-proteasome inhibitor bortezomib demonstrated clinical efficacy in off-label trials of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. One potential mechanism of this clinical benefit is from the depletion of pathogenic immune cells (plasmablasts and plasmacytoid dendritic cells). However, bortezomib is cytotoxic against nonimmune cells, which limits its use for autoimmune diseases. An attractive alternative is to selectively inhibit the immune cell-specific immunoproteasome to deplete pathogenic immune cells and spare nonhematopoietic cells. Here, we disclose the development of highly subunit-selective immunoproteasome inhibitors using insights obtained from the first bona fide human immunoproteasome cocrystal structures. Evaluation of these inhibitors revealed that immunoproteasome-specific inhibition does not lead to immune cell death as anticipated and that targeting viability requires inhibition of both immuno- and constitutive proteasomes. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout experiments confirmed upregulation of the constitutive proteasome upon disruption of the immunoproteasome, protecting cells from death. Thus, immunoproteasome inhibition alone is not a suitable approach to deplete immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Augustin
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstrasse 7a , Planegg-Martinsried 82152 , Germany
| | - Michael Blaesse
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstrasse 7a , Planegg-Martinsried 82152 , Germany
| | - Stefan Steinbacher
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstrasse 7a , Planegg-Martinsried 82152 , Germany
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Age-Dependent Effects of Immunoproteasome Deficiency on Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Pathogenesis. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00569-19. [PMID: 31092582 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00569-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infection with mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) induces activity of the immunoproteasome, an inducible form of the proteasome that shapes CD8 T cell responses by enhancing peptide presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. We used mice deficient in all three immunoproteasome subunits (triple-knockout [TKO] mice) to determine whether immunoproteasome activity is essential for control of MAV-1 replication or inflammatory responses to acute infection. Complete immunoproteasome deficiency in adult TKO mice had no effect on MAV-1 replication, virus-induced lung inflammation, or adaptive immunity compared to C57BL/6 (B6) controls. In contrast, immunoproteasome deficiency in neonatal TKO mice was associated with decreased survival and decreased lung gamma interferon (IFN-γ) expression compared to B6 controls, although without substantial effects on viral replication, histological evidence of inflammation, or expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β in lungs or other organs. T cell recruitment and IFN-γ production was similar in lungs of infected B6 and TKO mice. In lungs of uninfected B6 mice, we detected low levels of immunoproteasome subunit mRNA and protein that increased with age. Immunoproteasome subunit expression was lower in lungs of adult IFN-γ-deficient mice compared to B6 controls. Together, these results demonstrate developmental regulation of the immunoproteasome that is associated with age-dependent differences in MAV-1 pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE MAV-1 infection is a useful model to study the pathogenesis of an adenovirus in its natural host. Host factors that control MAV-1 replication and contribute to inflammation and disease are not fully understood. The immunoproteasome is an inducible component of the ubiquitin proteasome system that shapes the repertoire of peptides presented by MHC class I to CD8 T cells, influences other aspects of T cell survival and activation, and promotes production of proinflammatory cytokines. We found that immunoproteasome activity is dispensable in adult mice. However, immunoproteasome deficiency in neonatal mice increased mortality and impaired IFN-γ responses in the lungs. Baseline immunoproteasome subunit expression in lungs of uninfected mice increased with age. Our findings suggest the existence of developmental regulation of the immunoproteasome, like other aspects of host immune function, and indicate that immunoproteasome activity is a critical protective factor early in life.
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Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Gaglione A, Busceti CL, Fornai F. A Sentinel in the Crosstalk Between the Nervous and Immune System: The (Immuno)-Proteasome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:628. [PMID: 30984192 PMCID: PMC6450179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The wealth of recent evidence about a bi-directional communication between nerve- and immune- cells revolutionized the traditional concept about the brain as an “immune-privileged” organ while opening novel avenues in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders. In fact, altered communication between the immune and nervous system is emerging as a common hallmark in neuro-developmental, neurodegenerative, and neuro-immunological diseases. At molecular level, the ubiquitin proteasome machinery operates as a sentinel at the crossroad between the immune system and brain. In fact, the standard proteasome and its alternative/inducible counterpart, the immunoproteasome, operate dynamically and coordinately in both nerve- and immune- cells to modulate neurotransmission, oxidative/inflammatory stress response, and immunity. When dysregulations of the proteasome system occur, altered amounts of standard- vs. immune-proteasome subtypes translate into altered communication between neurons, glia, and immune cells. This contributes to neuro-inflammatory pathology in a variety of neurological disorders encompassing Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntingtin's diseases, brain trauma, epilepsy, and Multiple Sclerosis. In the present review, we analyze those proteasome-dependent molecular interactions which sustain communication between neurons, glia, and brain circulating T-lymphocytes both in baseline and pathological conditions. The evidence here discussed converges in that upregulation of immunoproteasome to the detriment of the standard proteasome, is commonly implicated in the inflammatory- and immune- biology of neurodegeneration. These concepts may foster additional studies investigating the role of immunoproteasome as a potential target in neurodegenerative and neuro-immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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