1
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Amanna IJ, Thomas A, Engelmann F, Hammarlund E, Raué HP, Bailey AL, Poore EA, Quintel BK, Lewis AD, Axthelm MK, Johnson AL, Colgin LMA, Diamond MS, Messaoudi I, Slifka MK. Development of a hydrogen peroxide-inactivated vaccine that protects against viscerotropic yellow fever in a non-human primate model. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101655. [PMID: 39019010 PMCID: PMC11293362 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is endemic in >40 countries and causes viscerotropic disease with up to 20%-60% mortality. Successful live-attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccines were developed in the mid-1930s, but their use is restricted or formally contraindicated in vulnerable populations including infants, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems. In these studies, we describe the development of a next-generation hydrogen peroxide-inactivated YF vaccine and determine immune correlates of protection based on log neutralizing index (LNI) and neutralizing titer-50% (NT50) studies. In addition, we compare neutralizing antibody responses and protective efficacy of hydrogen peroxide-inactivated YF vaccine candidates to live-attenuated YFV-17D (YF-VAX) in a rhesus macaque model of viscerotropic YF. Our results indicate that an optimized, inactivated YF vaccine elicits protective antibody responses that prevent viral dissemination and lethal infection in rhesus macaques and may be a suitable alternative for vaccinating vulnerable populations who are not eligible to receive replicating live-attenuated YF vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Amanna
- Najít Technologies, Inc., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Archana Thomas
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Flora Engelmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Erika Hammarlund
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Raué
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Adam L Bailey
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | - Anne D Lewis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, and The Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Amanda L Johnson
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Lois M A Colgin
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Mark K Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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2
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Pandey KK, Sahoo BR, Pattnaik AK. Protein Nanoparticles as Vaccine Platforms for Human and Zoonotic Viruses. Viruses 2024; 16:936. [PMID: 38932228 PMCID: PMC11209504 DOI: 10.3390/v16060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most effective medical interventions, playing a pivotal role in treating infectious diseases. Although traditional vaccines comprise killed, inactivated, or live-attenuated pathogens that have resulted in protective immune responses, the negative consequences of their administration have been well appreciated. Modern vaccines have evolved to contain purified antigenic subunits, epitopes, or antigen-encoding mRNAs, rendering them relatively safe. However, reduced humoral and cellular responses pose major challenges to these subunit vaccines. Protein nanoparticle (PNP)-based vaccines have garnered substantial interest in recent years for their ability to present a repetitive array of antigens for improving immunogenicity and enhancing protective responses. Discovery and characterisation of naturally occurring PNPs from various living organisms such as bacteria, archaea, viruses, insects, and eukaryotes, as well as computationally designed structures and approaches to link antigens to the PNPs, have paved the way for unprecedented advances in the field of vaccine technology. In this review, we focus on some of the widely used naturally occurring and optimally designed PNPs for their suitability as promising vaccine platforms for displaying native-like antigens from human viral pathogens for protective immune responses. Such platforms hold great promise in combating emerging and re-emerging infectious viral diseases and enhancing vaccine efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush K. Pandey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Bikash R. Sahoo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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3
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O'Brien RL, Knight V, Harbeck RJ, Fernández Pérez ER. Alternative assays for identifying the inciting antigen in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1387-1390.e2. [PMID: 38224871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L O'Brien
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Vijaya Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Evans R Fernández Pérez
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo.
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4
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Li X, Xu M, Yang J, Zhou L, Liu L, Li M, Wang S, Liu MQ, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Liu S, Hu Y, Lin H, Liu B, Sun Y, Wu Q, Shi ZL, Lan K, Chen Y, Yan H, Chen YQ. Nasal vaccination of triple-RBD scaffold protein with flagellin elicits long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants including JN.1. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:114. [PMID: 38678055 PMCID: PMC11055866 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for combatting the epidemic. Here, we investigated long-term immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 for the intranasal vaccination of a triple receptor-binding domain (RBD) scaffold protein (3R-NC) adjuvanted with a flagellin protein (KFD) (3R-NC + KFDi.n). In mice, the vaccination elicited RBD-specific broad-neutralizing antibody responses in both serum and mucosal sites sustained at high level over a year. This long-lasting humoral immunity was correlated with the presence of long-lived RBD-specific IgG- and IgA-producing plasma cells, alongside the Th17 and Tfh17-biased T-cell responses driven by the KFD adjuvant. Based upon these preclinical findings, an open labeled clinical trial was conducted in individuals who had been primed with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (IAV) vaccine. With a favorable safety profile, the 3R-NC + KFDi.n boost elicited enduring broad-neutralizing IgG in plasma and IgA in salivary secretions. To meet the challenge of frequently emerged variants, we further designed an updated triple-RBD scaffold protein with mutated RBD combinations, which can induce adaptable antibody responses to neutralize the newly emerging variants, including JN.1. Our findings highlight the potential of the KFD-adjuvanted triple-RBD scaffold protein is a promising prototype for the development of a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofeng Lin
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Aerosol Bio-Tech (Suzhou) Co., LTD, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingguo Wu
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huimin Yan
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China.
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5
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Wholey WY, Meyer AR, Yoda ST, Chackerian B, Zikherman J, Cheng W. Minimal Determinants for Lifelong Antiviral Antibody Responses in Mice from a Single Exposure to Virus-like Immunogens at Low Doses. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:405. [PMID: 38675787 PMCID: PMC11054763 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The durability of an antibody (Ab) response is highly important for antiviral vaccines. However, due to the complex compositions of natural virions, the molecular determinants of Ab durability from viral infection or inactivated viral vaccines have been incompletely understood. Here we used a reductionist system of liposome-based virus-like structures to examine the durability of Abs from primary immune responses in mice. This system allowed us to independently vary fundamental viral attributes and to do so without additional adjuvants to model natural viruses. We show that a single injection of protein antigens (Ags) orderly displayed on a virion-sized liposome is sufficient to induce a long-lived neutralizing Ab (nAb) response. The introduction of internal nucleic acids dramatically modulates the magnitude of Ab responses without an alteration of the long-term kinetic trends. These Abs are characterized by very slow off-rates of ~0.0005 s-1, which emerged as early as day 5 after injection and these off-rates are comparable to that of affinity-matured monoclonal Abs. A single injection of these structures at doses as low as 100 ng led to lifelong nAb production in mice. Thus, a minimal virus-like immunogen can give rise to potent and long-lasting antiviral Abs in a primary response in mice without live infection. This has important implications for understanding both live viral infection and for optimizing vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
| | - Alexander R. Meyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
| | - Sekou-Tidiane Yoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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6
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Wang X, Kang H, Huang K, Guo M, Wu Y, Ying T, Liu Y, Wei D. Antibody Nanotweezer Constructing Bivalent Transistor-Biomolecule Interface with Spatial Tolerance. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3914-3921. [PMID: 38513214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Establishing a multivalent interface between the biointerface of a living system and electronic device is vital to building intelligent bioelectronic systems. How to achieve multivalent binding with spatial tolerance at the nanoscale remains challenging. Here, we report an antibody nanotweezer that is a self-adaptive bivalent nanobody enabling strong and resilient binding between transistor and envelope proteins at biointerfaces. The antibody nanotweezer is constructed by a DNA framework, where the nanoscale patterning of nanobodies along with their local spatial adaptivity enables simultaneous recognition of target epitopes without binding stress. As such, effective binding affinity increases by 1 order of magnitude compared with monovalent antibody. The antibody nanotweezer operating on transistor offers enhanced signal transduction, which is implemented to detect clinical pathogens, showing ∼100% overall agreement with PCR results. This work provides a perspective of engineering multivalent interfaces between biosystems with solid-state devices, holding great potential for organoid intelligence on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hua Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Keke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Phage, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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7
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Lee F, Nguyen D, Hentenaar I, Morrison-Porter A, Solano D, Haddad N, Castrillon C, Lamothe P, Andrews J, Roberts D, Lonial S, Sanz I. The Majority of SARS-CoV-2 Plasma Cells are Excluded from the Bone Marrow Long-Lived Compartment 33 Months after mRNA Vaccination. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3979237. [PMID: 38559048 PMCID: PMC10980156 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3979237/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The goal of any vaccine is to induce long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) to provide life-long protection. Natural infection by influenza, measles, or mumps viruses generates bone marrow (BM) LLPC similar to tetanus vaccination which affords safeguards for decades. Although the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines protect from severe disease, the serologic half-life is short-lived even though SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells can be found in the BM. To better understand this paradox, we enrolled 19 healthy adults at 1.5-33 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and measured influenza-, tetanus-, or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) in LLPC (CD19-) and non-LLPC (CD19+) subsets within the BM. All individuals had IgG ASC specific for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 in at least one BM ASC compartment. However, only influenza- and tetanus-specific ASC were readily detected in the LLPC whereas SARS-CoV-2 specificities were mostly excluded. The ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.61, 0.44, and 29.07, respectively. Even in five patients with known PCR-proven history of infection and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific ASC were mostly excluded from the LLPC. These specificities were further validated by using multiplex bead binding assays of secreted antibodies in the supernatants of cultured ASC. Similarly, the IgG ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.66, 0.44, and 23.26, respectively. In all, our studies demonstrate that rapid waning of serum antibodies is accounted for by the inability of mRNA vaccines to induce BM LLPC.
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8
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Simons BD, Karin O. Tuning of plasma cell lifespan by competition explains the longevity and heterogeneity of antibody persistence. Immunity 2024; 57:600-611.e6. [PMID: 38447570 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Plasma cells that emerge after infection or vaccination exhibit heterogeneous lifespans; most survive for days to months, whereas others persist for decades, providing antigen-specific long-term protection. We developed a mathematical framework to explore the dynamics of plasma cell removal and its regulation by survival factors. Analyses of antibody persistence following hepatitis A and B and HPV vaccination revealed specific patterns of longevity and heterogeneity within and between responses, implying that this process is fine-tuned near a critical "flat" state between two dynamic regimes. This critical state reflects the tuning of rates of the underlying regulatory network and is highly sensitive to variation in parameters, which amplifies lifespan differences between cells. We propose that fine-tuning is the generic outcome of competition over shared survival signals, with a competition-based mechanism providing a unifying explanation for a wide range of experimental observations, including the dynamics of plasma cell accumulation and the effects of survival factor deletion. Our theory is testable, and we provide specific predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Simons
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK; Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Omer Karin
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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9
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Nguyen DC, Hentenaar IT, Morrison-Porter A, Solano D, Haddad NS, Castrillon C, Lamothe PA, Andrews J, Roberts D, Lonial S, Sanz I, Lee FEH. The Majority of SARS-CoV-2 Plasma Cells are Excluded from the Bone Marrow Long-Lived Compartment 33 Months after mRNA Vaccination. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.02.24303242. [PMID: 38496525 PMCID: PMC10942531 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.24303242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The goal of any vaccine is to induce long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) to provide life-long protection. Natural infection by influenza, measles, or mumps viruses generates bone marrow (BM) LLPC similar to tetanus vaccination which affords safeguards for decades. Although the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines protect from severe disease, the serologic half-life is short-lived even though SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells can be found in the BM. To better understand this paradox, we enrolled 19 healthy adults at 1.5-33 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and measured influenza-, tetanus-, or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) in LLPC (CD19 - ) and non-LLPC (CD19 + ) subsets within the BM. All individuals had IgG ASC specific for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 in at least one BM ASC compartment. However, only influenza- and tetanus-specific ASC were readily detected in the LLPC whereas SARS-CoV-2 specificities were mostly excluded. The ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.61, 0.44, and 29.07, respectively. Even in five patients with known PCR-proven history of infection and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific ASC were mostly excluded from the LLPC. These specificities were further validated by using multiplex bead binding assays of secreted antibodies in the supernatants of cultured ASC. Similarly, the IgG ratios of non-LLPC:LLPC for influenza, tetanus, and SARS-CoV-2 were 0.66, 0.44, and 23.26, respectively. In all, our studies demonstrate that rapid waning of serum antibodies is accounted for by the inability of mRNA vaccines to induce BM LLPC.
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10
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Zhang Y, Sun J, Zheng J, Li S, Rao H, Dai J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu D, Chen Z, Ran W, Zhu A, Li F, Yan Q, Wang Y, Yu K, Zhang S, Wang D, Tang Y, Liu B, Cheng L, Huo J, Perlman S, Zhao J, Zhao J. Mosaic RBD Nanoparticles Elicit Protective Immunity Against Multiple Human Coronaviruses in Animal Models. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303366. [PMID: 38105421 PMCID: PMC10916629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
To combat SARS-CoV-2 variants and MERS-CoV, as well as the potential re-emergence of SARS-CoV and spillovers of sarbecoviruses, which pose a significant threat to global public health, vaccines that can confer broad-spectrum protection against betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs) are urgently needed. A mosaic ferritin nanoparticle vaccine is developed that co-displays the spike receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Wild-type (WT) strain and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice and nonhuman primates. A low dose of 10 µg administered at a 21-day interval induced a Th1-biased immune response in mice and elicited robust cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses against a variety of β-CoVs, including a series of SARS-CoV-2 variants. It is also able to effectively protect against challenges of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 variants in not only young mice but also the more vulnerable mice through induction of long-lived immunity. Together, these results suggest that this mosaic 3-RBD nanoparticle has the potential to be developed as a pan-β-CoV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
| | - Suxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Haiyue Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Jun Dai
- Guangzhou Customs District Technology CenterGuangzhou510700P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Yanqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Donglan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Zhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Wei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Qihong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Kuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Banghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangdong Laboratory of Computational BiomedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530P. R. China
| | - Linling Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
- Guangzhou laboratoryBio‐islandGuangzhou510320P. R. China
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
- Guangzhou laboratoryBio‐islandGuangzhou510320P. R. China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
- Guangzhou laboratoryBio‐islandGuangzhou510320P. R. China
- Institute of Infectious diseaseGuangzhou Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- Institute for HepatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseShenzhen Third People's Hospitalthe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518112P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesSchool of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
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11
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Bowman KA, Kaplonek P, McNamara RP. Understanding Fc function for rational vaccine design against pathogens. mBio 2024; 15:e0303623. [PMID: 38112418 PMCID: PMC10790774 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03036-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies represent the primary correlate of immunity following most clinically approved vaccines. However, their mechanisms of action vary from pathogen to pathogen, ranging from neutralization, to opsonophagocytosis, to cytotoxicity. Antibody functions are regulated both by antigen specificity (Fab domain) and by the interaction of their Fc domain with distinct types of Fc receptors (FcRs) present in immune cells. Increasing evidence highlights the critical nature of Fc:FcR interactions in controlling pathogen spread and limiting the disease state. Moreover, variation in Fc-receptor engagement during the course of infection has been demonstrated across a range of pathogens, and this can be further influenced by prior exposure(s)/immunizations, age, pregnancy, and underlying health conditions. Fc:FcR functional variation occurs at the level of antibody isotype and subclass selection as well as post-translational modification of antibodies that shape Fc:FcR-interactions. These factors collectively support a model whereby the immune system actively harnesses and directs Fc:FcR interactions to fight disease. By defining the precise humoral mechanisms that control infections, as well as understanding how these functions can be actively tuned, it may be possible to open new paths for improving existing or novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Bowman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan P. McNamara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Lee IJ, Lan YH, Wu PY, Wu YW, Chen YH, Tseng SC, Kuo TJ, Sun CP, Jan JT, Ma HH, Liao CC, Liang JJ, Ko HY, Chang CS, Liu WC, Ko YA, Chen YH, Sie ZL, Tsung SI, Lin YL, Wang IH, Tao MH. A receptor-binding domain-based nanoparticle vaccine elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2149353. [PMID: 36395071 PMCID: PMC9793938 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2149353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous vaccines have been developed to address the current COVID-19 pandemic, but safety, cross-neutralizing efficacy, and long-term protectivity of currently approved vaccines are still important issues. In this study, we developed a subunit vaccine, ASD254, by using a nanoparticle vaccine platform to encapsulate the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein. As compared with the aluminum-adjuvant RBD vaccine, ASD254 induced higher titers of RBD-specific antibodies and generated 10- to 30-fold more neutralizing antibodies. Mice vaccinated with ASD254 showed protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with undetectable infectious viral loads and reduced typical lesions in lung. Besides, neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated mice lasted for at least one year and were effective against various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Furthermore, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta-potential of ASD254 remained stable after 8-month storage at 4°C. Thus, ASD254 is a promising nanoparticle vaccine with good immunogenicity and stability to be developed as an effective vaccine option in controlling upcoming waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wei Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Che Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jiun Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shin Chang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Lin Sie
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-I Tsung
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Mi-Hua Tao Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei115, Taiwan
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13
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Ding Z, Mulder J, Robinson MJ. The origins and longevity of IgE responses as indicated by serological and cellular studies in mice and humans. Allergy 2023; 78:3103-3117. [PMID: 37417548 PMCID: PMC10952832 DOI: 10.1111/all.15799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The existence of long-lived IgE antibody-secreting cells (ASC) is contentious, with the maintenance of sensitization by the continuous differentiation of short-lived IgE+ ASC a possibility. Here, we review the epidemiological profile of IgE production, and give an overview of recent discoveries made on the mechanisms regulating IgE production from mouse models. Together, these data suggest that for most individuals, in most IgE-associated diseases, IgE+ ASC are largely short-lived cells. A subpopulation of IgE+ ASC in humans is likely to survive for tens of months, although due to autonomous IgE B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and antigen-driven IgE+ ASC apoptosis, in general IgE+ ASC probably do not persist for the decades that other ASC are inferred to do. We also report on recently identified memory B cell transcriptional subtypes that are the likely source of IgE in ongoing responses, highlighting the probable importance of IL-4Rα in their regulation. We suggest the field should look at dupilumab and other drugs that prohibit IgE+ ASC production as being effective treatments for IgE-mediated aspects of disease in most individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Ding
- Department of ImmunologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jesse Mulder
- Department of ImmunologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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14
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Nand KN, Jordan TB, Yuan X, Basore DA, Zagorevski D, Clarke C, Werner G, Hwang JY, Wang H, Chung JJ, McKenna A, Jarvis MD, Singh G, Bystroff C. Bacterial production of recombinant contraceptive vaccine antigen from CatSper displayed on a human papilloma virus-like particle. Vaccine 2023; 41:6791-6801. [PMID: 37833124 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
CatSper is a voltage dependent calcium ion channel present in the principal piece of sperm tail. It plays a crucial role in sperm hyperactivated motility and so in fertilization. Extracellular loops of mouse sperm CatSper were used to develop a vaccine to achieve protection from pregnancy. These loops were inserted at one of the three hypervariable regions of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) capsid protein (L1). Recombinant vaccines were expressed in E.coli as inclusion body (IB), purified, refolded and assembled into virus-like particles (VLP) in vitro, and adsorbed on alum. Four vaccine candidates were tested in Balb/C mice. All the constructs proved immunogenic, one showed contraceptive efficacy. This recombinant contraceptive vaccine is a non-hormonal intervention and is expected to give long-acting protection from undesired pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Nand
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - T B Jordan
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - X Yuan
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - D A Basore
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States; Department of Health and Natural Science, Mercy University, Dobbs Ferry, NY, United States
| | - D Zagorevski
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - C Clarke
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - G Werner
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States
| | - J Y Hwang
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - H Wang
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - J-J Chung
- Dept of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - A McKenna
- Bioresearch Core, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - M D Jarvis
- Bioresearch Core, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - G Singh
- Bioresearch Core, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - C Bystroff
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, United States.
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15
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Montero DA, Garcia-Betancourt R, Vidal RM, Velasco J, Palacios PA, Schneider D, Vega C, Gómez L, Montecinos H, Soto-Shara R, Oñate Á, Carreño LJ. A chimeric protein-based vaccine elicits a strong IgG antibody response and confers partial protection against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186368. [PMID: 37575242 PMCID: PMC10413102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a foodborne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal infections, ranging from acute diarrhea and dysentery to life-threatening diseases such as Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Currently, a vaccine to prevent STEC infection is an unmet medical need. Results We developed a chimeric protein-based vaccine targeting seven virulence factors of STEC, including the Stx2B subunit, Tir, Intimin, EspA, Cah, OmpT, and AggA proteins. Immunization of mice with this vaccine candidate elicited significant humoral and cellular immune responses against STEC. High levels of specific IgG antibodies were found in the serum and feces of immunized mice. However, specific IgA antibodies were not detected in either serum or feces. Furthermore, a significantly higher percentage of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells producing IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 was observed in the spleens of immunized mice. Notably, the immunized mice showed decreased shedding of STEC O157:H7 and STEC O91:H21 strains and were protected against weight loss during experimental infection. Additionally, infection with the STEC O91:H21 strain resulted in kidney damage in control unimmunized mice; however, the extent of damage was slightly lower in immunized mice. Our findings suggest that IgG antibodies induced by this vaccine candidate may have a role in inhibiting bacterial adhesion and complement-mediated killing. Conclusion This study provides evidence that IgG responses are involved in the host defense against STEC. However, our results do not rule out that other classes of antibodies also participate in the protection against this pathogen. Additional work is needed to improve the protection conferred by our vaccine candidate and to elucidate the relevant immune responses that lead to complete protection against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Montero
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Richard Garcia-Betancourt
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto M. Vidal
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana Velasco
- Unidad de Paciente Crítico, Clínica Hospital del Profesor, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Formación de Especialista en Medicina de Urgencia, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Schneider
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Vega
- Plataforma Experimental, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Hernán Montecinos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Soto-Shara
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ángel Oñate
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Lu Y, Allegri G, Huskens J. Recruitment of Receptors and Ligands in a Weakly Multivalent System with Omnipresent Signatures of Superselective Binding. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206596. [PMID: 36876448 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment of receptors at membrane interfaces is essential in biological recognition and uptake processes. The interactions that induce recruitment are typically weak at the level of individual interaction pairs, but are strong and selective at the level of recruited ensembles. Here, a model system is demonstrated, based on the supported lipid bilayer (SLB) that mimics the recruitment process induced by weakly multivalent interactions. The weak (mm range) histidine-nickel-nitrilotriacetate (His2 -NiNTA) pair is employed owing to its ease of implementation in both synthetic and biological systems. The recruitment of receptors (and ligands) induced by the binding of His2 -functionalized vesicles on NiNTA-terminated SLBs is investigated to identify the ligand densities necessary to achieve vesicle binding and receptor recruitment. Threshold values of ligand densities appear to occur in many binding characteristics: density of bound vesicles, size and receptor density of the contact area, and vesicle deformation. Such thresholds contrast the binding of strongly multivalent systems and constitute a clear signature of the superselective binding behavior predicted for weakly multivalent interactions. This model system provides quantitative insight into the binding valency and effects of competing energetic forces, such as deformation, depletion, and entropy cost of recruitment at different length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group and Department for Molecules and Materials, MESA + Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, AE 7500, The Netherlands
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Giulia Allegri
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group and Department for Molecules and Materials, MESA + Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, AE 7500, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group and Department for Molecules and Materials, MESA + Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, AE 7500, The Netherlands
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17
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Robinson MJ, Ding Z, Dowling MR, Hill DL, Webster RH, McKenzie C, Pitt C, O'Donnell K, Mulder J, Brodie E, Hodgkin PD, Wong NC, Quast I, Tarlinton DM. Intrinsically determined turnover underlies broad heterogeneity in plasma-cell lifespan. Immunity 2023:S1074-7613(23)00183-8. [PMID: 37164016 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies produced by antibody-secreting plasma cells (ASCs) underlie multiple forms of long-lasting immunity. Here we examined the mechanisms regulating ASC turnover and persistence using a genetic reporter to time-stamp ASCs. This approach revealed ASC lifespans as heterogeneous and falling on a continuum, with only a small fraction surviving for >60 days. ASC longevity past 60 days was independent of isotype but correlated with a phenotype that developed progressively and ultimately associated with an underlying "long-lived" ASC (LL ASC)-enriched transcriptional program. While some of the differences between LL ASCs and other ASCs appeared to be acquired with age, other features were shared with some younger ASCs, such as high CD138 and CD93. Turnover was unaffected by altered ASC production, arguing against competition for niches as a major driver of turnover. Thus, ASC turnover is set by intrinsic lifespan limits, with steady-state population dynamics governed by niche vacancy rather than displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus James Robinson
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Zhoujie Ding
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mark R Dowling
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia; Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Danika L Hill
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rosela H Webster
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Craig McKenzie
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Catherine Pitt
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Kristy O'Donnell
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jesse Mulder
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Erica Brodie
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Philip D Hodgkin
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nick C Wong
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Isaak Quast
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David M Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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18
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Pattnaik A, Sahoo BR, Struble LR, Borgstahl GEO, Zhou Y, Franco R, Barletta RG, Osorio FA, Petro TM, Pattnaik AK. A Ferritin Nanoparticle-Based Zika Virus Vaccine Candidate Induces Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses and Protects Mice from Lethal Virus Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:821. [PMID: 37112733 PMCID: PMC10143468 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe consequences of the Zika virus (ZIKV) infections resulting in congenital Zika syndrome in infants and the autoimmune Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults warrant the development of safe and efficacious vaccines and therapeutics. Currently, there are no approved treatment options for ZIKV infection. Herein, we describe the development of a bacterial ferritin-based nanoparticle vaccine candidate for ZIKV. The viral envelope (E) protein domain III (DIII) was fused in-frame at the amino-terminus of ferritin. The resulting nanoparticle displaying the DIII was examined for its ability to induce immune responses and protect vaccinated animals upon lethal virus challenge. Our results show that immunization of mice with a single dose of the nanoparticle vaccine candidate (zDIII-F) resulted in the robust induction of neutralizing antibody responses that protected the animals from the lethal ZIKV challenge. The antibodies neutralized infectivity of other ZIKV lineages indicating that the zDIII-F can confer heterologous protection. The vaccine candidate also induced a significantly higher frequency of interferon (IFN)-γ positive CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells suggesting that both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were induced by the vaccine candidate. Although our studies showed that a soluble DIII vaccine candidate could also induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity and protect from lethal ZIKV challenge, the immune responses and protection conferred by the nanoparticle vaccine candidate were superior. Further, passive transfer of neutralizing antibodies from the vaccinated animals to naïve animals protected against lethal ZIKV challenge. Since previous studies have shown that antibodies directed at the DIII region of the E protein do not to induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV or other related flavivirus infections, our studies support the use of the zDIII-F nanoparticle vaccine candidate for safe and enhanced immunological responses against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryamav Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.F.); (R.G.B.); (F.A.O.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Bikash R. Sahoo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.F.); (R.G.B.); (F.A.O.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Lucas R. Struble
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.R.S.); (G.E.O.B.)
| | - Gloria E. O. Borgstahl
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.R.S.); (G.E.O.B.)
| | - You Zhou
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.F.); (R.G.B.); (F.A.O.)
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.F.); (R.G.B.); (F.A.O.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Raul G. Barletta
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.F.); (R.G.B.); (F.A.O.)
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Fernando A. Osorio
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.F.); (R.G.B.); (F.A.O.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Thomas M. Petro
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.F.); (R.G.B.); (F.A.O.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
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19
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Martin C, Dauby N. Guiding Yellow Fever Vaccination Strategy Worldwide: Booster = Better? Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1343-1344. [PMID: 36380420 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Martin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Gristick HB, Hartweger H, Loewe M, van Schooten J, Ramos V, Oliviera TY, Nishimura Y, Koranda NS, Wall A, Yao KH, Poston D, Gazumyan A, Wiatr M, Horning M, Keeffe JR, Hoffmann MA, Yang Z, Abernathy ME, Dam KMA, Gao H, Gnanapragasam PN, Kakutani LM, Pavlovitch-Bedzyk AJ, Seaman MS, Howarth M, McGuire AT, Stamatatos L, Martin MA, West AP, Nussenzweig MC, Bjorkman PJ. CD4 binding site immunogens elicit heterologous anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in transgenic and wild-type animals. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade6364. [PMID: 36763635 PMCID: PMC10202037 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade6364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Passive transfer of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) protects against infection, and therefore, eliciting bNAbs by vaccination is a major goal of HIV-1 vaccine efforts. bNAbs that target the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on HIV-1 Env are among the most broadly active, but to date, responses elicited against this epitope in vaccinated animals have lacked potency and breadth. We hypothesized that CD4bs bNAbs resembling the antibody IOMA might be easier to elicit than other CD4bs antibodies that exhibit higher somatic mutation rates, a difficult-to-achieve mechanism to accommodate Env's N276gp120 N-glycan, and rare five-residue light chain complementarity-determining region 3. As an initial test of this idea, we developed IOMA germline-targeting Env immunogens and evaluated a sequential immunization regimen in transgenic mice expressing germline-reverted IOMA. These mice developed CD4bs epitope-specific responses with heterologous neutralization, and cloned antibodies overcame neutralization roadblocks, including accommodating the N276gp120 glycan, with some neutralizing selected HIV-1 strains more potently than IOMA. The immunization regimen also elicited CD4bs-specific responses in mice containing polyclonal antibody repertoires as well as rabbits and rhesus macaques. Thus, germline targeting of IOMA-class antibody precursors represents a potential vaccine strategy to induce CD4bs bNAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry B. Gristick
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Harald Hartweger
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maximilian Loewe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jelle van Schooten
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Victor Ramos
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thiago Y. Oliviera
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Koranda
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Abigail Wall
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kai-Hui Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Poston
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Gazumyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marie Wiatr
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marcel Horning
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Keeffe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Magnus A.G. Hoffmann
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Zhi Yang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Morgan E. Abernathy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kim-Marie A. Dam
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Han Gao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Leesa M. Kakutani
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Michael S. Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Andrew T. McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Malcolm A. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony P. West
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michel C. Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pamela J. Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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21
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Kaplonek P, Cizmeci D, Lee JSL, Shin SA, Fischinger S, Gobeil P, Pillet S, Charland N, Ward BJ, Alter G. Robust induction of functional humoral response by a plant-derived Coronavirus-like particle vaccine candidate for COVID-19. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:13. [PMID: 36781879 PMCID: PMC9924894 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of existing COVID-19 vaccine platforms, the persistent limitations in global deployment of vaccines and waning immunity exhibited by many of the currently deployed vaccine platforms have led to perpetual outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new durable vaccine candidates, to expand the global vaccine pipeline, and provide safe and effective solutions for every country worldwide. Here we deeply profiled the functional humoral response induced by two doses of AS03-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted plant-derived Coronavirus-like particle (CoVLP) vaccine candidate from the phase 1 clinical trial, at peak immunogenicity and six months post-vaccination. AS03-adjuvanted CoVLP induced robust and durable SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immunity, marked by strong IgG1antibody responses, potent FcγR binding, and antibody effector function. Contrary to a decline in neutralizing antibody titers, the FcγR2A-receptor binding capacity and antibody-mediated effector functions, such as opsonophagocytosis, remained readily detectable for at least six months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sally A Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian J Ward
- Medicago Inc., Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Ulbricht C, Cao Y, Niesner RA, Hauser AE. In good times and in bad: How plasma cells resolve stress for a life-long union with the bone marrow. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112922. [PMID: 37033993 PMCID: PMC10080396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Ulbricht
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca A. Niesner
- Biophysical Analysis, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja E. Hauser,
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23
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Campal-Espinosa AC, Junco-Barranco JA, Fuentes-Aguilar F, Calzada-Aguilera L, Rivacoba-Betancourt A, Rodríguez-Bueno RH, Bover-Campal AC, Bover-Fuentes EE, González L, de Quesada L, Alvarez A, Garay-Pérez HE. Influence of Humoral Response Against GnRH, Generated by Immunization with a Therapeutic Vaccine Candidate on the Evolution of Patients with Castration-Sensitive Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231207318. [PMID: 37828833 PMCID: PMC10576932 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231207318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-based therapeutic vaccine candidate against hormone-sensitive prostate cancer has demonstrated its safety and signs of efficacy in phase I/II trials. In this study, we characterized the isotype/subclass profiles of the anti-GnRH humoral response generated by the vaccination and analyzed its association with patients' clinical outcomes. METHODS The immunoglobulin isotypes and IgG subclasses of the antibody responses of 34 patients included in a randomized, open, prospective phase I/II clinical trial were characterized. Every patient included in the study had a diagnosis of locally advanced prostate adenocarcinoma at stages 3 and 4 and received immunization with the vaccine candidate. Additionally, serum testosterone and prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations, serving as indicators of tumor response, were determined. The type of anti-GnRH antibody response was correlated to the time elapsed until the first biochemical recurrence in patients and the outcome of the disease. RESULTS All patients developed strong and prolonged anti-GnRH antibody responses, resulting in a short- to mid-term decrease in serum testosterone and PSA levels. Following immunizations, anti-GnRH antibodies of the IgM/IgG and IgG1/IgG3 subclasses were observed. Following radiotherapy, the humoral response switched to IgG (IgG1/IgG4). Patients who experienced a short-term biochemical relapse were characterized by significantly higher levels of anti-GnRH IgG titers, particularly IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses. These characteristics, along with a high response of specific IgM antibodies at the end of immunizations and the development of anti-GnRH IgA antibody responses following radiotherapy, were observed in patients whose disease progressed, compared to those with controlled disease. CONCLUSION The nature of the humoral response against anti-GnRH, induced by vaccination may play a key role in activating additional immunological mechanisms. Collectively, these mechanisms could contribute significantly to the regulation of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Arturo Junco-Barranco
- Vaccine Research Group, Research Department, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Camagüey, Cuba
| | - Franklin Fuentes-Aguilar
- Vaccine Research Group, Research Department, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Camagüey, Cuba
| | - Lesvia Calzada-Aguilera
- Vaccine Research Group, Research Department, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Camagüey, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Eddy Emilio Bover-Fuentes
- Vaccine Research Group, Research Department, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Camagüey, Cuba
| | - Lourdes González
- Department of Urology, Oncological Hospital Camagüey, Camagüey, Cuba
| | | | - Allelin Alvarez
- Department of Urology, Oncological Hospital Camagüey, Camagüey, Cuba
| | - Hilda Elisa Garay-Pérez
- Department of Immunology, Eduardo Agramonte Piña Pediatric Hospital Camagüey, Camagüey, Cuba
- Synthetic Peptides Group, Division of Biomedical Research, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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24
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Palin AC, Alter G, Crotty S, Ellebedy AH, Lane MC, Lee FEH, Locci M, Malaspina A, Mallia C, McElrath MJ, Pulendran B, Singh A, D'Souza MP. The persistence of memory: defining, engineering, and measuring vaccine durability. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1665-1668. [PMID: 36456737 PMCID: PMC9916179 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Palin
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Chelsea Lane
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michela Locci
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela Malaspina
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Conrad Mallia
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anjali Singh
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M Patricia D'Souza
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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25
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Kwiatkowska KM, Mkindi CG, Nielsen CM. Human lymphoid tissue sampling for vaccinology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1045529. [PMID: 36466924 PMCID: PMC9714609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1045529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) - largely resident in the bone marrow - secrete antibody over months and years, thus maintaining serum antibody concentrations relevant for vaccine-mediated immunity. Little is known regarding factors that can modulate the induction of human LLPC responses in draining lymph node germinal centres, or those that maintain LLPCs in bone marrow niches following vaccination. Here, we review human and non-human primate vaccination studies which incorporate draining lymph node and/or bone marrow aspirate sampling. We emphasise the key contributions these samples can make to improve our understanding of LLPC immunology and guide rational vaccine development. Specifically, we highlight findings related to the impact of vaccine dosing regimens, adjuvant/vaccine platform selection, duration of germinal centre reactions in draining lymph nodes and relevance for timing of tissue sampling, and heterogeneity in bone marrow plasma cell populations. Much of this work has come from recent studies with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates or, with respect to the non-human primate work, HIV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine G. Mkindi
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Carolyn M. Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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26
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Garcia-Dominguez D, Henry C, Ma L, Jani H, Amato NJ, Manning T, Freyn A, Davis H, Hsiao CJ, Li M, Koch H, Elbashir S, DiPiazza A, Carfi A, Edwards D, Bahl K. Altering the mRNA-1273 dosing interval impacts the kinetics, quality, and magnitude of immune responses in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:948335. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.948335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For a vaccine to achieve durable immunity and optimal efficacy, many require a multi-dose primary vaccination schedule that acts to first “prime” naive immune systems and then “boost” initial immune responses by repeated immunizations (ie, prime-boost regimens). In the context of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 2-dose primary vaccination regimens were often selected with short intervals between doses to provide rapid protection while still inducing robust immunity. However, emerging post-authorization evidence has suggested that longer intervals between doses 1 and 2 for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may positively impact robustness and durability of immune responses. Here, the dosing interval for mRNA-1273, a messenger RNA based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administered on a 2-dose primary schedule with 4 weeks between doses, was evaluated in mice by varying the dose interval between 1 and 8 weeks and examining immune responses through 24 weeks after dose 2. A dosing interval of 6 to 8 weeks generated the highest level of antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G binding antibody titers. Differences in binding antibody titers between mRNA-1273 1 µg and 10 µg decreased over time for dosing intervals of ≥4 weeks, suggesting a potential dose-sparing effect. Longer intervals (≥4 weeks) also increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity and numbers of antibody-secreting cells (including long-lived plasma cells) after the second dose. An interval of 6 to 8 weeks elicited the strongest CD8+ T-cell responses, while an interval of 3 weeks elicited the strongest CD4+ T-cell response. Overall, these results suggest that in a non-pandemic setting, a longer interval (≥6 weeks) between the doses of the primary series for mRNA-1273 may induce more durable immune responses.
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27
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Robinson MJ, Dowling MR, Pitt C, O’Donnell K, Webster RH, Hill DL, Ding Z, Dvorscek AR, Brodie EJ, Hodgkin PD, Quast I, Tarlinton DM. Long-lived plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow at a constant rate from early in an immune response. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm8389. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm8389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines work largely by generating long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs), but knowledge of how such cells are recruited is sparse. Although it is clear that LLPCs preferentially originate in germinal centers (GCs) and relocate to survival niches in bone marrow where they can persist for decades, the issues of the timing of LLPC recruitment and the basis of their retention remain uncertain. Here, using a genetic timestamping system in mice, we show that persistent PCs accrue in bone marrow at an approximately constant rate of one cell per hour over a period spanning several weeks after a single immunization with a model antigen. Affinity-based selection was evident in persisting PCs, reflecting a relative and dynamic rather than absolute affinity threshold as evidenced by the changing pattern of V
H
gene somatic mutations conveying increased affinity for antigen. We conclude that the life span of persistent, antigen-specific PCs is in part intrinsic, preprogrammed, and varied and that their final number is related to the duration of the response in a predictable way. This implies that modulating vaccines to extend the duration of the GC reaction will enhance antibody-mediated protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus James Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mark R. Dowling
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Catherine Pitt
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Kristy O’Donnell
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rosela H. Webster
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danika L. Hill
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zhoujie Ding
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alexandra R. Dvorscek
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Erica J. Brodie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Philip D. Hodgkin
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Isaak Quast
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David Mathew Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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28
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Kou S, Chen W, Sun C, Sun F. SpyStapler-mediated assembly of nanoparticle vaccines. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 16:2821-2828. [PMID: 36258758 PMCID: PMC9561328 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has wreaked havoc around the globe, with no end in sight. The rapid emergence of viral mutants, marked by rapid transmission and effective immune evasion, has also posed unprecedented challenges for vaccine development, not least in its speed, mass production, and distribution. Here we report a versatile "plug-and-display" strategy for creating protein vaccines, including those against malaria parasites and SARS-CoV-2, through the combined use of the intrinsically disordered protein ligase SpyStapler and computationally designed viral-like particles. The resulting protein nanoparticles harboring multiple antigens induce potent neutralizing antibody responses in mice, substantially stronger than those induced by the corresponding free antigens. This modular vaccine design enabled by SpyStapler furnishes us with a new weapon for combatting infectious diseases. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (further details of the protein sequences, cloning procedures, TEM imaging, ELISA details, and reaction controls) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-4951-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songzi Kou
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036 China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132 China
| | - Weitao Chen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Chenbo Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036 China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132 China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Thomas A, Slifka AM, Hendrickson SM, Amanna IJ, Slifka MK. Active Circulation of Corynebacterium ulcerans among Nonhuman Primates. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0089422. [PMID: 35863003 PMCID: PMC9431270 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00894-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphtheria is rare in the United States. and many industrialized nations due to development of an effective vaccine, coupled with high vaccination coverage. Although there is continued risk of importation and transmission of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans has now become the dominant source of diphtheria cases among several European countries. Bearing this in mind, a better understanding of C. ulcerans biology is clearly needed. Here, we identified active transmission of toxigenic C. ulcerans among indoor- and outdoor-housed rhesus macaques based on diphtheria toxin-specific serology assays as well as direct isolation of C. ulcerans from a recently infected animal. In addition to animal-to-animal transmission, we found serological evidence indicative of potential human transmission. Together, these results provide new details on natural Corynebacterium transmission among nonhuman primates and emphasizes the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage to reduce the risk of potential zoonotic infection. IMPORTANCE C. ulcerans represents an emerging zoonotic agent of diphtheria, but little is known about its transmission or maintenance among animal reservoirs. In these studies, we identified diphtheria outbreaks among both outdoor- and indoor-housed rhesus macaques and isolated a toxigenic strain of C. ulcerans from a recently infected animal. Retrospective analysis indicated that toxigenic Corynebacteria have been circulating among these primates for decades with the potential for rare zoonotic transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Thomas
- Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark K. Slifka
- Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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Nguyen DC, Lamothe PA, Woodruff MC, Saini AS, Faliti CE, Sanz I, Lee FE. COVID-19 and plasma cells: Is there long-lived protection? Immunol Rev 2022; 309:40-63. [PMID: 35801537 PMCID: PMC9350162 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiology of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in over 450 million cases with more than 6 million deaths worldwide, causing global disruptions since early 2020. Memory B cells and durable antibody protection from long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) are the mainstay of most effective vaccines. However, ending the pandemic has been hampered by the lack of long-lived immunity after infection or vaccination. Although immunizations offer protection from severe disease and hospitalization, breakthrough infections still occur, most likely due to new mutant viruses and the overall decline of neutralizing antibodies after 6 months. Here, we review the current knowledge of B cells, from extrafollicular to memory populations, with a focus on distinct plasma cell subsets, such as early-minted blood antibody-secreting cells and the bone marrow LLPC, and how these humoral compartments contribute to protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Pedro A. Lamothe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Matthew C. Woodruff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ankur S. Saini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Caterina E. Faliti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of ExcellenceEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Frances Eun‐Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Lowance Center for Human ImmunologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Bhattacharya D. Instructing durable humoral immunity for COVID-19 and other vaccinable diseases. Immunity 2022; 55:945-964. [PMID: 35637104 PMCID: PMC9085459 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 have fully conformed with the principles established by decades of viral immunology research, ultimately leading to the crowning achievement of highly effective COVID-19 vaccines. Nonetheless, the pandemic has also exposed areas where our fundamental knowledge is thinner. Some key unknowns are the duration of humoral immunity post-primary infection or vaccination and how long booster shots confer protection. As a corollary, if protection does not last as long as desired, what are some ways it can be improved? Here, I discuss lessons from other infections and vaccines that point to several key features that influence durable antibody production and the perseverance of immunity. These include (1) the specific innate sensors that are initially triggered, (2) the kinetics of antigen delivery and persistence, (3) the starting B cell receptor (BCR) avidity and antigen valency, and (4) the memory B cell subsets that are recalled by boosters. I further highlight the fundamental B cell-intrinsic and B cell-extrinsic pathways that, if understood better, would provide a rational framework for vaccines to reliably provide durable immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Hinke DM, Andersen TK, Gopalakrishnan RP, Skullerud LM, Werninghaus IC, Grødeland G, Fossum E, Braathen R, Bogen B. Antigen bivalency of antigen-presenting cell-targeted vaccines increases B cell responses. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110901. [PMID: 35649357 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are important for vaccine efficacy. Targeting antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) increases antibody levels. Here, we explore the role of antigen valency in MHC class II (MHCII)-targeted vaccines delivered as DNA. We design heterodimeric proteins that carry either two identical (bivalent vaccines), or two different antigens (monovalent vaccines). Bivalent vaccines with two identical influenza hemagglutinins (HA) elicit higher amounts of anti-HA antibodies in mice than monovalent versions with two different HAs. Bivalent vaccines increase the levels of germinal center (GC) B cells and long-lived plasma cells. Only HA-bivalent vaccines completely protect mice against challenge with homologous influenza virus. Similar results are obtained with other antigens by targeting CD11c and Xcr1 on dendritic cells (DCs) or when administering the vaccine as protein with adjuvant. Bivalency probably increases B cell responses by cross-linking BCRs in readily observable DC-B cell synapses. These results are important for generating potent APC-targeted vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëla Maria Hinke
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Tor Kristian Andersen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | | | - Lise Madelene Skullerud
- Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | | | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Even Fossum
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Ranveig Braathen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway.
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway; Department of Immunology (IMM), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway.
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Nanoparticle and virus-like particle vaccine approaches against SARS-CoV-2. J Microbiol 2022; 60:335-346. [PMID: 35089583 PMCID: PMC8795728 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has provoked an urgent need for prophylactic measures. Several innovative vaccine platforms have been introduced and billions of vaccine doses have been administered worldwide. To enable the creation of safer and more effective vaccines, additional platforms are under development. These include the use of nanoparticle (NP) and virus-like particle (VLP) technology. NP vaccines utilize self-assembling scaffold structures designed to load the entire spike protein or receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in a trimeric configuration. In contrast, VLP vaccines are genetically modified recombinant viruses that are considered safe, as they are generally replication-defective. Furthermore, VLPs have indigenous immunogenic potential due to their microbial origin. Importantly, NP and VLP vaccines have shown stronger immunogenicity with greater protection by mimicking the physicochemical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. The study of NP- and VLP-based coronavirus vaccines will help ensure the development of rapid-response technology against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future coronavirus pandemics.
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Reynolds SL, Kaufman HW, Meyer WA, Bush C, Cohen O, Cronin K, Kabelac C, Leonard S, Anderson S, Petkov V, Lowy D, Sharpless N, Penberthy L. Duration of Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Associated Risk of Reinfection Assessed with Real-World Data. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [PMID: 35233580 PMCID: PMC8887071 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.25.22271515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Better understanding of the protective duration of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection against reinfection is needed. OBJECTIVE Primary: To assess the durability of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among initially unvaccinated individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondary: Evaluate the crude SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate and associated characteristics. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective observational study of HealthVerity data among 144,678,382 individuals, during the pandemic era through April 2021. PARTICIPANTS Individuals studied had SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic or antibody index test results from February 29 through December 9, 2020, with ≥365 days of pre-index continuous closed medical enrollment, claims, or electronic health record activity. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Rates of reinfection among index-positive individuals were compared to rates of infection among index-negative individuals. Factors associated with reinfection were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. For both objectives, the outcome was a subsequent positive molecular diagnostic test result. RESULTS Among 22,786,982 individuals with index SARS-CoV-2 laboratory test data (2,023,341 index positive), the crude rate of reinfection during follow-up was significantly lower (9.89/1,000-person years) than that of primary infection (78.39/1,000 person years). Consistent with prior findings, the risk of reinfection among index-positive individuals was 87% lower than the risk of infection among index-negative individuals (hazard ratio, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.13, 0.13). The cumulative incidence of reinfection among index-positive individuals and infection among index-negative individuals was 0.85% (95% CI: 0.82%, 0.88%) and 6.2% (95% CI: 6.1%, 6.3%), respectively, over follow-up of 375 days. The duration of protection against reinfection was stable over the median 5 months and up to 1-year follow-up interval. Factors associated with an increased reinfection risk included older age, comorbid immunologic conditions, and living in congregate care settings; healthcare workers had a decreased reinfection risk. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This large US population-based study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is uncommon among individuals with laboratory evidence of a previous infection. Protection from SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is stable up to one year. Reinfection risk was primarily associated with age 85+ years, comorbid immunologic conditions and living in congregate care settings; healthcare workers demonstrated a decreased reinfection risk. These findings suggest that infection induced immunity is durable for variants circulating prior to Delta. KEY POINTS Question: How long does prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection?Finding: Among >22 million individuals tested February 2020 through April 2021, the relative risk of reinfection among those with prior infection was 87% lower than the risk of infection among individuals without prior infection. This protection was durable for up to a year. Factors associated with increased likelihood of reinfection included older age (85+ years), comorbid immunologic conditions, and living in congregate care settings; healthcare workers had lower risk.Meaning: Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provides a durable, high relative degree of protection against reinfection.
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Garcillán B, Salavert M, Regueiro JR, Díaz-Castroverde S. Response to Vaccines in Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:297. [PMID: 35214755 PMCID: PMC8877652 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, are at increased risk of infection. International guidelines recommend vaccination to limit this risk of infection, although live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated once immunosuppressive therapy has begun. Biologic therapies used to treat IMIDs target the immune system to stop chronic pathogenic process but may also attenuate the protective immune response to vaccines. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding vaccine responses in IMID patients receiving treatment with biologic therapies, with a focus on the interleukin (IL)-12/23 inhibitors. B cell-depleting therapies, such as rituximab, strongly impair vaccines immunogenicity, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) fusion protein abatacept are also associated with attenuated antibody responses, which are further diminished in patients taking concomitant immunosuppressants. On the other hand, integrin, IL-6, IL-12/23, IL-17, and B-cell activating factor (BAFF) inhibitors do not appear to affect the immune response to several vaccines evaluated. Importantly, treatment with biologic therapies in IMID patients is not associated with an increased risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or developing severe disease. However, the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on IMID patients may be reduced compared with healthy individuals. The impact of biologic therapies on the response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines seems to replicate what has been described for other vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination appears to be safe and well tolerated in IMID patients. Attenuated but, in general, still protective responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the context of certain therapies warrant current recommendations for a third primary dose in IMID patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Salavert
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, La Fe Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José R. Regueiro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Vaidya AJ, Solomon KV. Surface Functionalization of Rod-Shaped Viral Particles for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1980-1989. [PMID: 35148077 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While synthetic nanoparticles play a very important role in modern medicine, concerns regarding toxicity, sustainability, stability, and dispersity are drawing increasing attention to naturally derived alternatives. Rod-shaped plant viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) are biological nanoparticles with powerful advantages such as biocompatibility, tunable size and aspect ratio, monodispersity, and multivalency. These properties facilitate controlled biodistribution and tissue targeting for powerful applications in medicine. Ongoing research efforts focus on functionalizing or otherwise engineering these structures for a myriad of applications, including vaccines, imaging, and drug delivery. These include chemical and biological strategies for conjugation to small molecule chemical dyes, drugs, metals, polymers, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Many strategies are available and vary greatly in efficiency, modularity, selectivity, and simplicity. This review provides a comprehensive summary of VLP functionalization approaches while highlighting biomedically relevant examples. Limitations of current strategies and opportunities for further advancement will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash J Vaidya
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kevin V Solomon
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Tseng CY, Wang WX, Douglas TR, Chou LYT. Engineering DNA Nanostructures to Manipulate Immune Receptor Signaling and Immune Cell Fates. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101844. [PMID: 34716686 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells sense, communicate, and logically integrate a multitude of environmental signals to make important cell-fate decisions and fulfill their effector functions. These processes are initiated and regulated by a diverse array of immune receptors and via their dynamic spatiotemporal organization upon ligand binding. Given the widespread relevance of the immune system to health and disease, there have been significant efforts toward understanding the biophysical principles governing immune receptor signaling and activation, as well as the development of biomaterials which exploit these principles for therapeutic immune engineering. Here, how advances in the field of DNA nanotechnology constitute a growing toolbox for further pursuit of these endeavors is discussed. Key cellular players involved in the induction of immunity against pathogens or diseased cells are first summarized. How the ability to design DNA nanostructures with custom shapes, dynamics, and with site-specific incorporation of diverse guests can be leveraged to manipulate the signaling pathways that regulate these processes is then presented. It is followed by highlighting emerging applications of DNA nanotechnology at the crossroads of immune engineering, such as in vitro reconstitution platforms, vaccines, and adjuvant delivery systems. Finally, outstanding questions that remain for further advancing immune-modulatory DNA nanodevices are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Yi Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Wendy Xueyi Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Travis Robert Douglas
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Leo Y. T. Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
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McFall-Boegeman H, Huang X. Mechanisms of cellular and humoral immunity through the lens of VLP-based vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:453-469. [PMID: 35023430 PMCID: PMC8960355 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2029415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination can be effective defense against many infectious agents and the corresponding diseases. Discoveries elucidating the mechanisms of the immune system have given hopes to developing vaccines against diseases recalcitrant to current treatment/prevention strategies. One such finding is the ability of immunogenic biological nanoparticles to powerfully boost the immunogenicity of poorer antigens conjugated to them with virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines as a key example. VLPs take advantage of the well-defined molecular structures associated with sub-unit vaccines and the immunostimulatory nature of conjugate vaccines. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will discuss how advances in understanding the immune system can inform VLP-based vaccine design and how VLP-based vaccines have uncovered underlying mechanisms in the immune system. EXPERT OPINION As our understanding of mechanisms underlying the immune system increases, that knowledge should inform our vaccine design. Testing of proof-of-concept vaccines in the lab should seek to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immune responses. The integration of these approaches will allow for VLP-based vaccines to live up to their promise as a powerful plug-and-play platform for next generation vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter McFall-Boegeman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Sung HD, Kim N, Lee Y, Lee EJ. Protein-Based Nanoparticle Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13445. [PMID: 34948241 PMCID: PMC8703262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has upended healthcare systems and economies around the world. Rapid understanding of the structural biology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 has allowed the development of emergency use or FDA-approved vaccines and various candidate vaccines. Among the recently developed SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccines, natural protein-based nanoparticles well suited for multivalent antigen presentation and enhanced immune stimulation to elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses are currently being investigated. This mini-review presents recent innovations in protein-based nanoparticle vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The design and strategy of displaying antigenic domains, including spike protein, receptor-binding domain (RBD), and other domains on the surface of various protein-based nanoparticles and the performance of the developed nanoparticle-based vaccines are highlighted. In the final part of this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in clinical trials and provide an outlook on protein-based nanoparticle vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Dong Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Yeram Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Long-term efficacy of nasal vaccination against enteric red mouth (ERM) disease and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Vaccine 2021; 40:229-238. [PMID: 34893343 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that bacterial and viral vaccines delivered via the nasal route in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at 7 and 28 days post-vaccination are highly protective (>95% protection). Long-term protection following nasal vaccination in teleosts has not been evaluated. The goal of this study was to assess efficacy and immune responses at 6 months (mo) post-vaccination (mpv), and long-lasting immune responses at 12 mpv of two different vaccines: an inactivated enteric red mouth disease (ERM) Yersinia ruckeri bacterin and a live attenuated infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) vaccine. Juvenile rainbow trout were vaccinated for Y. ruckeri via intraperitoneal (I.P.) and intranasal (I.N.) routes, and for IHNV by intramuscular (I.M.) and I.N. routes, then challenged at 6 mpv. Immune responses were determined at 6 and 12 mpv. ERM vaccine I.P. delivery elicited significantly higher serum IgM-specific titers that remained elevated compared to mock-vaccinated fish at 6 mpv. By 12 mpv, antibody titers to Y. ruckeri were not significantly different across all treatments. Following Y. ruckeri challenge at 6 mpv, a significant difference in cumulative percent mortality (CPM) was found for I.P.-vaccinated fish but not I.N.-vaccinated fish. I.M. and I.N. vaccination with live attenuated IHNV did not result in significant specific serum IgM titers at 6 or 12 mpv. Yet, I.N.-vaccinated fish showed the lowest CPM 6 mpv indicating long-term protection that does not correlate with systemic IgM responses. Repertoire analyses confirmed unique expansions of VH-JH rearrangements in the spleen of rainbow trout 12 mpv that varied with the type of vaccine and route of vaccination. Combined, these data demonstrate that I.N. vaccination with a live attenuated viral vaccine confers long lasting protection, but I.N. ERM vaccination does not and booster before 6 mpv is recommended.
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Gu M, Torres JL, Li Y, Van Ry A, Greenhouse J, Wallace S, Chiang CI, Pessaint L, Jackson AM, Porto M, Kar S, Li Y, Ward AB, Wang Y. One dose of COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine REVC-128 protects against SARS-CoV-2 challenge at two weeks post-immunization. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021. [PMID: 34651563 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.02.438218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTA COVID-19 vaccine that can give early protection is needed to eliminate the viral spread efficiently. Here, we demonstrate the development of a nanoparticle vaccine candidate, REVC-128, in which multiple trimeric spike ectodomains with glycine (G) at position 614 were multimerized onto a nanoparticle. In-vitro characterization of this vaccine confirms its structural and antigenic integrity. In-vivo immunogenicity evaluation in mice indicates that a single dose of this vaccine induces potent serum neutralizing antibody titre at two weeks post-immunization. This is significantly higher than titre caused by trimeric spike protein without nanoparticle presentation. The comparison of serum binding to spike subunits between animals immunized by a spike with and without nanoparticle presentation indicates that nanoparticle prefers the display of spike RBD (Receptor-Binding Domain) over S2 subunit, likely resulting in a more neutralizing but less cross-reactive antibody response. Moreover, a Syrian golden hamster in-vivo model for the SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge was implemented two weeks post a single dose of REVC-128 immunization. The results showed that vaccination protects hamsters against the SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge with evidence of steady body weight, suppressed viral loads and alleviation of tissue damage for protected animals, compared with ∼10% weight loss, high viral loads and tissue damage in unprotected animals. Furthermore, the data showed that vaccine REVC-128 is thermostable at up to 37°C for at least 4 weeks. These findings, along with a history of safety for protein vaccines, suggest that the REVC-128 is a safe, stable and efficacious single-shot vaccine to give the earliest protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Gu
- ReVacc Scientific, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yijia Li
- ReVacc Biotech, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chi-I Chiang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Abigail M Jackson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yuxing Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center of Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yimeng Wang
- ReVacc Scientific, Frederick, MD, USA
- ReVacc Biotech, Frederick, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
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43
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Gu M, Torres JL, Li Y, Van Ry A, Greenhouse J, Wallace S, Chiang CI, Pessaint L, Jackson AM, Porto M, Kar S, Li Y, Ward AB, Wang Y. One dose of COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine REVC-128 protects against SARS-CoV-2 challenge at two weeks post-immunization. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2016-2029. [PMID: 34651563 PMCID: PMC8567933 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1994354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTA COVID-19 vaccine that can give early protection is needed to eliminate the viral spread efficiently. Here, we demonstrate the development of a nanoparticle vaccine candidate, REVC-128, in which multiple trimeric spike ectodomains with glycine (G) at position 614 were multimerized onto a nanoparticle. In-vitro characterization of this vaccine confirms its structural and antigenic integrity. In-vivo immunogenicity evaluation in mice indicates that a single dose of this vaccine induces potent serum neutralizing antibody titre at two weeks post-immunization. This is significantly higher than titre caused by trimeric spike protein without nanoparticle presentation. The comparison of serum binding to spike subunits between animals immunized by a spike with and without nanoparticle presentation indicates that nanoparticle prefers the display of spike RBD (Receptor-Binding Domain) over S2 subunit, likely resulting in a more neutralizing but less cross-reactive antibody response. Moreover, a Syrian golden hamster in-vivo model for the SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge was implemented two weeks post a single dose of REVC-128 immunization. The results showed that vaccination protects hamsters against the SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge with evidence of steady body weight, suppressed viral loads and alleviation of tissue damage for protected animals, compared with ∼10% weight loss, high viral loads and tissue damage in unprotected animals. Furthermore, the data showed that vaccine REVC-128 is thermostable at up to 37°C for at least 4 weeks. These findings, along with a history of safety for protein vaccines, suggest that the REVC-128 is a safe, stable and efficacious single-shot vaccine to give the earliest protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Gu
- ReVacc Scientific, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yijia Li
- ReVacc Biotech, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chi-I Chiang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Abigail M. Jackson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yuxing Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center of Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yimeng Wang
- ReVacc Scientific, Frederick, MD, USA,ReVacc Biotech, Frederick, MD, USA,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA, Yimeng Wang 4539 Metropolitan Court, Frederick, MD21704, USA
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44
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Katzelnick LC, Zambrana JV, Elizondo D, Collado D, Garcia N, Arguello S, Mercado JC, Miranda T, Ampie O, Mercado BL, Narvaez C, Gresh L, Binder RA, Ojeda S, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Latta K, Schiller A, Coloma J, Carrillo FB, Narvaez F, Halloran ME, Gordon A, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Dengue and Zika virus infections in children elicit cross-reactive protective and enhancing antibodies that persist long term. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabg9478. [PMID: 34613812 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg9478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA.,Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nadezna Garcia
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Sonia Arguello
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Juan Carlos Mercado
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua.,Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua 16064, Nicaragua
| | | | | | | | - César Narvaez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Raquel A Binder
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua
| | | | - Krista Latta
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Fausto Bustos Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | | | - M Elizabeth Halloran
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1617, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua.,Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua 12014, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua 14007, Nicaragua.,Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua 16064, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections trigger viral RNA sensors such as TLR7 and RIG-I, thereby leading to production of type I interferon (IFN) and other inflammatory mediators. Expression of viral proteins in the context of this inflammation leads to stereotypical antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses that clear the virus. Immunity is then maintained through long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells and by memory B and T cells that can initiate anamnestic responses. Each of these steps is consistent with prior knowledge of acute RNA virus infections. Yet there are certain concepts, while not entirely new, that have been resurrected by the biology of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections and deserve further attention. These include production of anti-IFN autoantibodies, early inflammatory processes that slow adaptive humoral immunity, immunodominance of antibody responses, and original antigenic sin. Moreover, multiple different vaccine platforms allow for comparisons of pathways that promote robust and durable adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schenten
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| | - Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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46
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Nguyen DC, Duan M, Ali M, Ley A, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Plasma cell survival: The intrinsic drivers, migratory signals, and extrinsic regulators. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:138-153. [PMID: 34337772 PMCID: PMC8387437 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are the effectors of protective humoral immunity and the only cell type that produces antibodies or immunoglobulins in mammals. In addition to their formidable capacity to secrete massive quantities of proteins, ASC are terminally differentiated and have unique features to become long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Upon antigen encounter, B cells are activated through a complex multistep process to undergo fundamental morphological, subcellular, and molecular transformation to become an efficient protein factory with lifelong potential. The ASC survival potential is determined by factors at the time of induction, capacity to migration from induction to survival sites, and ability to mature in the specialized bone marrow microenvironments. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in identifying factors regulating ASC longevity. Here, we review the intrinsic drivers, trafficking signals, and extrinsic regulators with particular focus on how they impact the survival potential to become a LLPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Meixue Duan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ariel Ley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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47
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Sliepen K, Schermer E, Bontjer I, Burger JA, Lévai RF, Mundsperger P, Brouwer PJM, Tolazzi M, Farsang A, Katinger D, Moore JP, Scarlatti G, Shattock RJ, Sattentau QJ, Sanders RW. Interplay of diverse adjuvants and nanoparticle presentation of native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:103. [PMID: 34404812 PMCID: PMC8371121 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimers is generally poor. We used the clinically relevant ConM SOSIP trimer to compare the ability of different adjuvants (squalene emulsion, ISCOMATRIX, GLA-LSQ, and MPLA liposomes) to support neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses in rabbits. The trimers were administered as free proteins or on nanoparticles. The rank order for the adjuvants was ISCOMATRIX > SE > GLA-LSQ ~ MPLA liposomes > no adjuvant. Stronger NAb responses were elicited when the ConM SOSIP trimers were presented on ferritin nanoparticles. We also found that the GLA-LSQ adjuvant induced an unexpectedly strong antibody response to the ferritin core of the nanoparticles. This "off-target" effect may have compromised its ability to induce the more desired antitrimer antibodies. In summary, both adjuvants and nanoparticle display can improve the magnitude of the antibody response to SOSIP trimers but the best combination of trimer presentation and adjuvant can only be identified experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwinten Sliepen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Schermer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja Bontjer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Réka Felfödiné Lévai
- Control Laboratory of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Animal Facility, Directorate of Veterinary Medicinal Products, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Philip J M Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Tolazzi
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Attila Farsang
- Control Laboratory of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Animal Facility, Directorate of Veterinary Medicinal Products, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dietmar Katinger
- Polymun Scientific Immunbiologische Forschung GmbH, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Section of Virology, Norfolk Place, London, W21PG, UK
| | - Quentin J Sattentau
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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48
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Kim CU, Eo S, Lee P, Kim SH, Kim YS, Kim DJ. Pretreatment of outer membrane vesicle and subsequent infection with influenza virus induces a long-lasting adaptive immune response against broad subtypes of influenza virus. Microbes Infect 2021; 24:104878. [PMID: 34384869 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease and a global health problem. Although influenza vaccines are commercially available, frequent antigenic changes in hemagglutinin might render them less effective or unavailable. We previously reported that modified outer membrane vesicle (fmOMV) provided immediate and robust protective immunity against various subtypes of influenza virus. However, the effect was transient because it was innate immunity-dependent. In this study, we investigated the effects of consecutive administration of fmOMV and influenza virus on the adaptive immune response and long-term protective immunity against influenza virus. When the mice were pretreated with fmOMV and subsequently infected with influenza virus, strong influenza-specific antibody and T cell responses were induced in both systemic and lung mucosal compartments without pathogenic symptoms. Upon the secondary viral challenge at week 4, the mice given fmOMV and influenza virus exhibited almost complete protection against homologous and heterologous viral challenge. More importantly, this strong protective immunity lasted up to 18 weeks after the first infection. These results show that pretreatment with fmOMV and subsequent infection with influenza virus efficiently induces broad and long-lasting protective immunity against various virus subtypes, suggesting a novel antiviral strategy against newly-emerging viral diseases without suitable vaccines or therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ung Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Sukyeong Eo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Pureum Lee
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Young Sang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
| | - Doo-Jin Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
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49
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Grandjean L, Saso A, Ortiz AT, Lam T, Hatcher J, Thistlethwayte R, Harris M, Best T, Johnson M, Wagstaffe H, Ralph E, Mai A, Colijn C, Breuer J, Buckland M, Gilmour K, Goldblatt D. Long-Term Persistence of Spike Antibody and Predictive Modeling of Antibody Dynamics Following Infection with SARS-CoV-2. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:1220-1229. [PMID: 34218284 PMCID: PMC8994590 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been shown to neutralize the virus in vitro and prevent disease in animal challenge models on reexposure. However, the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 humoral dynamics and longevity is conflicting. Methods The COVID-19 Staff Testing of Antibody Responses Study (Co-Stars) prospectively enrolled 3679 healthcare workers to comprehensively characterize the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S), receptor-binding domain, and nucleoprotein (N) antibodies in parallel. Participants screening seropositive had serial monthly serological testing for a maximum of 7 months with the Meso Scale Discovery Assay. Survival analysis determined the proportion of seroreversion, while 2 hierarchical gamma models predicted the upper and lower bounds of long-term antibody trajectory. Results A total of 1163 monthly samples were provided from 349 seropositive participants. At 200 days after symptoms, >95% of participants had detectable S antibodies, compared with 75% with detectable N antibodies. S antibody was predicted to remain detectable in 95% of participants until 465 days (95% confidence interval, 370–575 days) using a “continuous-decay” model and indefinitely using a “decay-to-plateau” model to account for antibody secretion by long-lived plasma cells. S-antibody titers were correlated strongly with surrogate neutralization in vitro (R2 = 0.72). N antibodies, however, decayed rapidly with a half-life of 60 days (95% confidence interval, 52–68 days). Conclusions The Co-Stars data presented here provide evidence for long-term persistence of neutralizing S antibodies. This has important implications for the duration of functional immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, the rapid decay of N antibodies must be considered in future seroprevalence studies and public health decision-making. This is the first study to establish a mathematical framework capable of predicting long-term humoral dynamics after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical Trials Registration NCT04380896.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Grandjean
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - Anja Saso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London.,Department of Tropical and Infectious diseases; LSHTM, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London.,MRC Gambia at LSHTM, PO Box 273, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Arturo Torres Ortiz
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Paddington, London
| | - Tanya Lam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - James Hatcher
- Department of Microbiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | | | - Mark Harris
- Quality Improvement, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - Timothy Best
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Paddington, London
| | - Marina Johnson
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Helen Wagstaffe
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ralph
- Clinical Immunology, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - Annabelle Mai
- Clinical Immunology, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - Caroline Colijn
- Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Judith Breuer
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Matthew Buckland
- Clinical Immunology, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - Kimberly Gilmour
- Clinical Immunology, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London
| | - David Goldblatt
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
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50
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Siggins MK, Thwaites RS, Openshaw PJM. Durability of Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:648-662. [PMID: 33896688 PMCID: PMC8026254 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Even in nonpandemic times, respiratory viruses account for a vast global burden of disease. They remain a major cause of illness and death and they pose a perpetual threat of breaking out into epidemics and pandemics. Many of these respiratory viruses infect repeatedly and appear to induce only narrow transient immunity, but the situation varies from one virus to another. In the absence of effective specific treatments, understanding the role of immunity in protection, disease, and resolution is of paramount importance. These problems have been brought into sharp focus by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we summarise what is now known about adaptive immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and draw comparisons with immunity to other respiratory viruses, focusing on the longevity of protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Siggins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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