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Felício R, Franco A, Corrêa-Moreira D, Martinez de Carvalho F, Guimarães A, Vargas FR. Humoral immune transcriptome signature in myelomeningocele patients. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 163:104224. [PMID: 38479055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myelomeningocele (MMC) results from incomplete closure of the neural tube, and has a complex multifactorial etiology, including an inflammatory microenvironment. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the contribution of humoral immune response for development of inflammatory milieu. METHODS Using public repository Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we retrieve dataset transcriptome from the amniotic fluid of ten fetuses with myelomeningocele and ten healthy control fetuses to found differential gene expression associated with disturbances and inflammatory signatures in MMC. The identified DEGs were submitted to enrichment, network, and matrix correlation analyses. RESULTS Our initial analysis revealed 90 DEGs in MMC, mainly associated with signaling pathways of inflammation, including the immune modules, humoral immune response and IFN-type I signatures. Protein-protein analysis (PPI) revealed an association with three protein networks; positive regulation of B cell proliferation constituted the largest network. Matrix correlation analyses showed that MMC alters the co-expression of genes related to inflammatory processes that promote microenvironment inflammation. CONCLUSION These results revealed an altered humoral immune response in MMC patients, contributing to an inflammatory profile and providing opportunities for identifying potential biomarkers in myelomeningocele disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rfm Felício
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rede de Atenção à Saúde nas Anomalias Congênitas do Sistema Nervoso Central, Instituo Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almm Franco
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Genética), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D Corrêa-Moreira
- Rede de Atenção à Saúde nas Anomalias Congênitas do Sistema Nervoso Central, Instituo Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Laboratory of Taxonomy, Biochesmistry and Bioprospecting of Fungi, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Martinez de Carvalho
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rede de Atenção à Saúde nas Anomalias Congênitas do Sistema Nervoso Central, Instituo Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Genética), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Acr Guimarães
- Laboratory of Taxonomy, Biochesmistry and Bioprospecting of Fungi, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F R Vargas
- Birth Defects Epidemiology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rede de Atenção à Saúde nas Anomalias Congênitas do Sistema Nervoso Central, Instituo Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Genética), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory for Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Reyes JGA, Ni D, Santner-Nanan B, Pinget GV, Kraftova L, Ashhurst TM, Marsh-Wakefield F, Wishart CL, Tan J, Hsu P, King NJC, Macia L, Nanan R. A unique human cord blood CD8 +CD45RA +CD27 +CD161 + T-cell subset identified by flow cytometric data analysis using Seurat. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38798051 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in single-cell level analytical techniques, especially cytometric approaches, have led to profound innovation in biomedical research, particularly in the field of clinical immunology. This has resulted in an expansion of high-dimensional data, posing great challenges for comprehensive and unbiased analysis. Conventional manual analysis is thus becoming untenable to handle these challenges. Furthermore, most newly developed computational methods lack flexibility and interoperability, hampering their accessibility and usability. Here, we adapted Seurat, an R package originally developed for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, for high-dimensional flow cytometric data analysis. Based on a 20-marker antibody panel and analyses of T-cell profiles in both adult blood and cord blood (CB), we showcased the robust capacity of Seurat in flow cytometric data analysis, which was further validated by Spectre, another high-dimensional cytometric data analysis package, and conventional manual analysis. Importantly, we identified a unique CD8+ T-cell population defined as CD8+CD45RA+CD27+CD161+ T cell that was predominantly present in CB. We characterised its IFN-γ-producing and potential cytotoxic properties using flow cytometry experiments and scRNA-seq analysis from a published dataset. Collectively, we identified a unique human CB CD8+CD45RA+CD27+CD161+ T-cell subset and demonstrated that Seurat, a widely used package for scRNA-seq analysis, possesses great potential to be repurposed for cytometric data analysis. This facilitates an unbiased and thorough interpretation of complicated high-dimensional data using a single analytical pipeline and opens a novel avenue for data-driven investigation in clinical immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Gabirel Araneta Reyes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brigitte Santner-Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gabriela Veronica Pinget
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucie Kraftova
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Myles Ashhurst
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Felix Marsh-Wakefield
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Human Cancer and Viral Immunology Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire Leana Wishart
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human System Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jian Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Hsu
- Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jonathan Cole King
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human System Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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de Armas LR, Dinh V, Iyer A, Pallikkuth S, Pahwa R, Cotugno N, Rinaldi S, Palma P, Vaz P, Lain MG, Pahwa S. Accelerated CD8 + T cell maturation in infants with perinatal HIV infection. iScience 2024; 27:109720. [PMID: 38706858 PMCID: PMC11068557 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In perinatal HIV infection, early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is recommended but questions remain regarding infant immune responses to HIV and its impact on immune development. Using single cell transcriptional and phenotypic analysis we evaluated the T cell compartment at pre-ART initiation of infants with perinatally acquired HIV from Maputo, Mozambique (Towards AIDS Remission Approaches cohort). CD8+ T cell maturation subsets exhibited altered distribution in HIV exposed infected (HEI) infants relative to HIV exposed uninfected infants with reduced naive, increased effectors, higher frequencies of activated T cells, and lower frequencies of cells with markers of self-renewal. Additionally, a cluster of CD8+ T cells identified in HEI displayed gene profiles consistent with cytotoxic T lymphocytes and showed evidence for hyper expansion. Longitudinal phenotypic analysis revealed accelerated maturation of CD8+ T cells was maintained in HEI despite viral control. The results point to an HIV-directed immune response that is likely to influence reservoir establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley R. de Armas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vinh Dinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Akshay Iyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rajendra Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paula Vaz
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Maputo Province, Mozambique
| | | | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Vimercati A, Cazzato G, Lospalluti L, Foligno S, Taliento C, Trojanowska KB, Cicinelli E, Bonamonte D, Caliandro D, Vitagliano A, Nicolì P. Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB): How Can Pregnancy Alter the Course of This Rare Disease? An Updated Literature Review on Obstetrical Management with an Additional Italian Experience. Diseases 2024; 12:104. [PMID: 38785759 PMCID: PMC11120570 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is an extremely rare and disabling inherited genetic skin disease with a predisposition to develop bullous lesions on the skin and inner mucous membranes, occurring after mild friction or trauma, or even spontaneously. Within the spectrum of EB forms, dystrophic EB (DEB) represents the most intriguing and challenging in terms of clinical management, especially with regard to pregnancy, due to the highly disabling and life-threatening phenotype. Disappointingly, in the literature little focus has been directed towards pregnancy and childbirth in DEB patients, resulting in a lack of sound evidence and guidance for patients themselves and clinicians. The current study aims to contribute to the DEB literature with an updated summary of the existing evidence regarding the obstetrical and anesthesiological management of this rare disease. Furthermore, this literature review sought to answer the question of whether, and if so, in which way, the pregnancy condition may alter the course of the underlying dermatologic skin disease. Having all this information is indispensable when counseling a patient with DEB who desires a child or is expecting one. Finally, we reported own experience with a pregnant woman with a recessive DEB whom we recently managed, with a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Vimercati
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Section of Pathology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Lospalluti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Foligno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Taliento
- Department of Medical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University Hospital “Sant’Anna”, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Cicinelli
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Bonamonte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Dario Caliandro
- Pelvic Floor Center, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Pia Fondazione “Card. G. Panico”, 73039 Tricase, Italy
| | - Amerigo Vitagliano
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Nicolì
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Lassoued N, Yero A, Jenabian MA, Soret R, Pilon N. Efficient enzyme-free method to assess the development and maturation of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the mouse colon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11063. [PMID: 38744932 PMCID: PMC11094196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers who aim to globally analyze the gastrointestinal immune system via flow cytometry have many protocol options to choose from, with specifics generally tied to gut wall layers of interest. To get a clearer idea of the approach we should use on full-thickness colon samples from mice, we first undertook a systematic comparison of three tissue dissociation techniques: two based on enzymatic cocktails and the other one based on manual crushing. Using flow cytometry panels of general markers of lymphoid and myeloid cells, we found that the presence of cell-surface markers and relative cell population frequencies were more stable with the mechanical method. Both enzymatic approaches were associated with a marked decrease of several cell-surface markers. Using mechanical dissociation, we then developed two minimally overlapping panels, consisting of a total of 26 antibodies, for serial profiling of lymphoid and myeloid lineages from the mouse colon in greater detail. Here, we highlight how we accurately delineate these populations by manual gating, as well as the reproducibility of our panels on mouse spleen and whole blood. As a proof-of-principle of the usefulness of our general approach, we also report segment- and life stage-specific patterns of immune cell profiles in the colon. Overall, our data indicate that mechanical dissociation is more suitable and efficient than enzymatic methods for recovering immune cells from all colon layers at once. Additionally, our panels will provide researchers with a relatively simple tool for detailed immune cell profiling in the murine gastrointestinal tract, regardless of life stage or experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejia Lassoued
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis Yero
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Immuno-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Immuno-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rodolphe Soret
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Bakoyan Z, Cao Y, Hansson SR, Karlsson JP, Lodefalk M. Childhood atopic disorders in relation to placental changes-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2024; 35:e14141. [PMID: 38773752 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Fetal programming may arise from prenatal exposure and increase the risk of diseases later in life, potentially mediated by the placenta. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize and critically evaluate publications describing associations between human placental changes and risk of atopic disorders during childhood. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. The inclusion criteria were original research articles or case reports written in English describing a human placental change in relation to disease occurring in offspring during childhood. The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible studies. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. The results were pooled both in a narrative way and by a meta-analysis. Nineteen studies were included (n = 12,997 participants). All studies had an overall serious RoB, and publication bias could not be completely ruled out. However, five studies showed that histological chorioamnionitis in preterm-born children was associated with asthma-related problems (pooled odds ratio = 3.25 (95% confidence interval = 2.22-4.75)). In term-born children, a large placenta (≥750 g) increased the risk of being prescribed anti-asthma medications during the first year of life. Placental histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and gene expression differences were found to be associated with different atopic disorders in term-born children. There is some evidence supporting the idea that the placenta can mediate an increased risk of atopic disorders in children. However, further studies are needed to validate the findings, properly control for confounders, and examine potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Bakoyan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Lodefalk
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Tisseyre M, Collier M, Beeker N, Kaguelidou F, Treluyer JM, Chouchana L. In Utero Exposure to Antibiotics and Risk of Serious Infections in the First Year of Life. Drug Saf 2024; 47:453-464. [PMID: 38409516 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-024-01401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Given the high prevalence of antibiotic prescription during pregnancy in France and previous studies suggesting an increased risk of infection in offspring with such exposures, our study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to systemic antibiotics and serious infections in full-term infants during their first year of life. METHODS We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study on singleton, full-term liveborn non-immunocompromised infants, using the French National Health Data System (SNDS) between 2012 and 2021. Systemic antibiotic dispensing in ambulatory care settings during pregnancy defined the exposure. Outcomes concerned serious infections (i.e., infections requiring hospitalization) in offspring identified between 3 and 12 months of life, hence excluding infections of maternal origin. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated using logistic regression with multivariate models to control for potential confounders. RESULTS Of 2,836,630 infants included, 39.6% were prenatally exposed to systemic antibiotics. Infants prenatally exposed to antibiotics had a higher incidence of serious infections compared with unexposed infants {aOR 1.12 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.11-1.13]}. Similar associations were observed according to the timing of exposure during pregnancy, antibiotic class, and site of infections. The strongest association was observed when infants were prenatally exposed to three or more antibiotic courses during pregnancy [aOR 1.21 (95% CI 1.19-1.24)]. Limitations include residual confounders, such as genetic susceptibility to infections and the role of the underlying pathogen agent. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to systemic antibiotics is very common and is associated with a weak yet significant associations with subsequent serious infectious events during the first year of life. While our study revealed associations, it is important to note that causation cannot be established, given the acknowledged limitations, including potential confounding by indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Tisseyre
- Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie périnatale, pédiatrique et adulte, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.
- EA7323, Evaluation thérapeutique et pharmacologie périnatale et pédiatrique, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Mathis Collier
- EA7323, Evaluation thérapeutique et pharmacologie périnatale et pédiatrique, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathanaël Beeker
- EA7323, Evaluation thérapeutique et pharmacologie périnatale et pédiatrique, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florentia Kaguelidou
- EA7323, Evaluation thérapeutique et pharmacologie périnatale et pédiatrique, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, INSERM CIC1426, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP.Nord, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Treluyer
- Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie périnatale, pédiatrique et adulte, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
- EA7323, Evaluation thérapeutique et pharmacologie périnatale et pédiatrique, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Chouchana
- Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie périnatale, pédiatrique et adulte, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 27, rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
- EA7323, Evaluation thérapeutique et pharmacologie périnatale et pédiatrique, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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DaMata JP, Zelkoski AE, Nhan PB, Ennis KHE, Kim JS, Lu Z, Malloy AMW. Dissociation protocols influence the phenotypes of lymphocyte and myeloid cell populations isolated from the neonatal lymph node. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368118. [PMID: 38756770 PMCID: PMC11097666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Frequencies and phenotypes of immune cells differ between neonates and adults in association with age-specific immune responses. Lymph nodes (LN) are critical tissue sites to quantify and define these differences. Advances in flow cytometry have enabled more multifaceted measurements of complex immune responses. Tissue processing can affect the immune cells under investigation that influence key findings. To understand the impact on immune cells in the LN after processing for single-cell suspension, we compared three dissociation protocols: enzymatic digestion, mechanical dissociation with DNase I treatment, and mechanical dissociation with density gradient separation. We analyzed cell yields, viability, phenotypic and maturation markers of immune cells from the lung-draining LN of neonatal and adult mice two days after intranasal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. While viability was consistent across age groups, the protocols influenced the yield of subsets defined by important phenotypic and activation markers. Moreover, enzymatic digestion did not show higher overall yields of conventional dendritic cells and macrophages from the LN. Together, our findings show that the three dissociation protocols have similar impacts on the number and viability of cells isolated from the neonatal and adult LN. However, enzymatic digestion impacts the mean fluorescence intensity of key lineage and activation markers that may influence experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarina P. DaMata
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amanda E. Zelkoski
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paula B. Nhan
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katherine H. E. Ennis
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ji Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhongyan Lu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Allison M. W. Malloy
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
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9
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Wei J, Zhang L, Xu H, Luo Q. Preterm birth, a consequence of immune deviation mediated hyperinflammation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28483. [PMID: 38689990 PMCID: PMC11059518 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth represents a multifaceted syndrome with intricacies still present in our comprehension of its etiology. In the context of a semi-allograft, the prosperity from implantation to pregnancy to delivery hinges on the establishment of a favorable maternal-fetal immune microenvironment and a successful trilogy of immune activation, immune tolerance and then immune activation transitions. The occurrence of spontaneous preterm birth could be related to abnormalities within the immune trilogy, stemming from deviation in maternal and fetal immunity. These immune deviations, characterized by insufficient immune tolerance and early immune activation, ultimately culminated in an unsustainable pregnancy. In this review, we accentuated the role of both innate and adaptive immune reason in promoting spontaneous preterm birth, reviewed the risk of preterm birth from vaginal microbiome mediated by immune changes and the potential of vaginal microbiomes and metabolites as a new predictive marker, and discuss the changes in the role of progesterone and its interaction with immune cells in a preterm birth population. Our objective was to contribute to the growing body of knowledge in the field, shedding light on the immunologic reason of spontaneous preterm birth and effective biomarkers for early prediction, providing a roadmap for forthcoming investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, China
| | - LiYuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, China
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10
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Ho SJ, Chaput D, Sinkey RG, Garces AH, New EP, Okuka M, Sang P, Arlier S, Semerci N, Steffensen TS, Rutherford TJ, Alsina AE, Cai J, Anderson ML, Magness RR, Uversky VN, Cummings DAT, Tsibris JCM. Proteomic studies of VEGFR2 in human placentas reveal protein associations with preeclampsia, diabetes, gravidity, and labor. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:221. [PMID: 38594674 PMCID: PMC11003095 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
VEGFR2 (Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) is a central regulator of placental angiogenesis. The study of the VEGFR2 proteome of chorionic villi at term revealed its partners MDMX (Double minute 4 protein) and PICALM (Phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein). Subsequently, the oxytocin receptor (OT-R) and vasopressin V1aR receptor were detected in MDMX and PICALM immunoprecipitations. Immunogold electron microscopy showed VEGFR2 on endothelial cell (EC) nuclei, mitochondria, and Hofbauer cells (HC), tissue-resident macrophages of the placenta. MDMX, PICALM, and V1aR were located on EC plasma membranes, nuclei, and HC nuclei. Unexpectedly, PICALM and OT-R were detected on EC projections into the fetal lumen and OT-R on 20-150 nm clusters therein, prompting the hypothesis that placental exosomes transport OT-R to the fetus and across the blood-brain barrier. Insights on gestational complications were gained by univariable and multivariable regression analyses associating preeclampsia with lower MDMX protein levels in membrane extracts of chorionic villi, and lower MDMX, PICALM, OT-R, and V1aR with spontaneous vaginal deliveries compared to cesarean deliveries before the onset of labor. We found select associations between higher MDMX, PICALM, OT-R protein levels and either gravidity, diabetes, BMI, maternal age, or neonatal weight, and correlations only between PICALM-OT-R (p < 2.7 × 10-8), PICALM-V1aR (p < 0.006), and OT-R-V1aR (p < 0.001). These results offer for exploration new partnerships in metabolic networks, tissue-resident immunity, and labor, notably for HC that predominantly express MDMX.
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Grants
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida
- Lisa Muma Weitz Microscopy Laboratory, University of South Florida
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
- Teasley Foundation
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
- Department of Biology, University of Florida
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rachel G Sinkey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amanda H Garces
- Lisa Muma Weitz Microscopy Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erika P New
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maja Okuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peng Sang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sefa Arlier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nihan Semerci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Rutherford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Center, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Angel E Alsina
- Transplant Surgery Center, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew L Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Center, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Derek A T Cummings
- Department of Biology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John C M Tsibris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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11
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Ma J, Wu H, Ma Z, Wu Z. Bacterial and host factors involved in zoonotic Streptococcal meningitis. Microbes Infect 2024:105335. [PMID: 38582147 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Zoonotic streptococci cause several invasive diseases with high mortality rates, especially meningitis. Numerous studies elucidated the meningitis pathogenesis of zoonotic streptococci, some specific to certain bacterial species. In contrast, others are shared among different bacterial species, involving colonization and invasion of mucosal barriers, survival in the bloodstream, breaching the blood-brain and/or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to access the central nervous system, and triggering inflammation of the meninges. This review focuses on the recent advancements in comprehending the molecular and cellular events of five major zoonotic streptococci responsible for causing meningitis in humans or animals, including Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus iniae. The underlying mechanism was summarized into four themes, including 1) bacterial survival in blood, 2) brain microvascular endothelial cell adhesion and invasion, 3) penetration of the blood-brain barrier, and 4) activation of the immune system and inflammatory reaction within the brain. This review may contribute to developing therapeutics to prevent or mitigate injury of streptococcal meningitis and improve risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zongfu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on the Technology of Pig-breeding and Pig-disease Prevention, Guangzhou 511400, China.
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12
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Arakawa A, Tao K, Kohno T, Ogawa C. Cross-individual cancer transmission to children during the gestational and perinatal periods. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1039-1047. [PMID: 38369705 PMCID: PMC11006992 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer transmission may rarely occur between individuals. Besides through allogenic transplantation, cancer transmission via the hemochorial placenta, which is permissive for cell traffic, has been described in a few reports. Three etiologies of transplacental cancer transmission include (1) maternofetal transmission of maternal cancer cells, (2) transmission of gestational choriocarcinoma to the fetus, and (3) transfer of preleukemic cells from one monozygotic twin to the other. Additionally, we recently reported two pediatric cases of lung tumors in which the lung-only distribution of tumors and genomic profiling of both the child's and mother's tumor samples suggested the airway/transbronchial transmission of maternal cervical cancer cells to the child by aspiration at birth. The immune system coordinates the hemostatic balance between effector and regulatory immunity, especially during fetal development. The immunoregulatory properties are shared in both physiological pregnancy-related and pathological cancer-related conditions. Mechanistically, the survival and colonization of transmitted cancer cells within a child are likely attributed to a combination of the child's immune tolerance and the cancer's immune escape. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of gestational/perinatal cancer transmission and discuss the possible mechanism-based immunotherapy for this rare form of pediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Arakawa
- Department of Pediatric OncologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kayoko Tao
- Department of Pediatric OncologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome BiologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Chitose Ogawa
- Department of Pediatric OncologyNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
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13
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Hinshaw DC, Patel M, Shevde LA. A Metabolic Axis of Immune Intractability. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:282-286. [PMID: 38126910 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells in the tumor niche robustly influence disease progression. Remarkably, in cancer, developmental pathways are reenacted. Many parallels between immune regulation of embryonic development and immune regulation of tumor progression can be drawn, with evidence clearly supporting an immune-suppressive microenvironment in both situations. In these ecosystems, metabolic and bioenergetic circuits guide and regulate immune cell differentiation, plasticity, and functional properties of suppressive and inflammatory immune subsets. As such, there is an emerging pattern of intersection across the dynamic process of ontogeny and the ever-evolving tumor neighborhood. In this article, we focus on the convergence of immune programming during ontogeny and in the tumor microenvironment. Exemplifying dysregulation of Hedgehog (Hh) activity, a key player during ontogeny, we highlight a critical convergence of these fields and the metabolic axis of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) that integrates glucose, glutamine, amino acids, acetyl CoA, and uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP), culminating in the synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc, a metabolite that functions as a metabolic and bioenergetic sensor. We discuss an emerging pattern of immune regulation, orchestrated by O-GlcNAcylation of key transcriptional regulators, spurring suppressive activity of dysfunctional immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique C Hinshaw
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Meet Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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14
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Quincer EM, Cranmer LM, Kamidani S. Prenatal Maternal Immunization for Infant Protection: A Review of the Vaccines Recommended, Infant Immunity and Future Research Directions. Pathogens 2024; 13:200. [PMID: 38535543 PMCID: PMC10975994 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal maternal immunization is an effective tool to protect mothers and infants from poor health outcomes due to infectious diseases. We provide an overview of the rationale for the use of prenatal vaccines, discuss the immunologic environment of the maternal-fetal interface including the impact of maternal vaccines prenatally and subsequently on the infant's immune response, and review vaccines currently recommended in pregnancy and landscape for the future of maternal vaccination. This review aims to provide an understanding of the recent history and progress made in the field and highlight the importance of continued research and development into new vaccines for pregnant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Quincer
- Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lisa M. Cranmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Satoshi Kamidani
- Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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15
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Nagafuji M, Fujiyama S, Ishii R, Shime M, Kitatsu T, Hoshino Y, Kanai Y, Arai J, Miyazono Y, Takada H. Effect of maturation at birth on the clinical features of neonatal cow's milk protein allergy: A retrospective study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024. [PMID: 38356291 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal immune regulation transitions from fetal immunity and varies with maturation status, but its role in neonatal cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) remains unknown. We studied the association between maturation status at birth and neonatal CMPA. Clinical and laboratory data of neonates presenting with CMPA symptoms were retrospectively collected from two tertiary hospitals. Patients were assessed according to gestational age at birth: preterm, late-preterm, and full-term. Fifty-five infants (26 females, 14 preterm, 15 late-preterm, and 26 full-term) were included; 44 were negative for milk-specific IgE. Neonatal CMPA was common during moderately premature periods. Preterm infants exhibited longer latency from initial CM exposure to disease onset, lower incidence of bloody stool, and absence of elevated monocyte counts. However, immunoreactivity to CM antigens was retained in all infants. Neonatal CMPA features varied with infant maturation status at birth. Our results improve the understanding of intestinal immunity development, fetal/neonatal immune regulation, and CMPA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomichi Nagafuji
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryota Ishii
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michiru Shime
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kitatsu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hoshino
- Department of Neonatology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yu Kanai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Arai
- Department of Neonatology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yayoi Miyazono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Takada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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16
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Liu J, Joseph S, Manohar K, Lee J, Brokaw JP, Shelley WC, Markel TA. Role of innate T cells in necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357483. [PMID: 38390341 PMCID: PMC10881895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a destructive gastrointestinal disease primarily affecting preterm babies. Despite advancements in neonatal care, NEC remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units worldwide and the etiology of NEC is still unclear. Risk factors for NEC include prematurity, very low birth weight, feeding with formula, intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial infection. A review of the literature would suggest that supplementation of prebiotics and probiotics prevents NEC by altering the immune responses. Innate T cells, a highly conserved subpopulation of T cells that responds quickly to stimulation, develops differently from conventional T cells in neonates. This review aims to provide a succinct overview of innate T cells in neonates, encompassing their phenotypic characteristics, functional roles, likely involvement in the pathogenesis of NEC, and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sharon Joseph
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Krishna Manohar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jasmine Lee
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - John P. Brokaw
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - W. Christopher Shelley
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Troy A. Markel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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17
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Ohta R, Fujimori T, Sano C. Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Gradually Worsening With Consecutive Pregnancies: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e54832. [PMID: 38529439 PMCID: PMC10963072 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report elucidates the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), a form of systemic vasculitis, in a 32-year-old female presenting with progressive dermal, respiratory, and gastrointestinal symptoms following multiple pregnancies. The patient's history of allergic reactions and pregnancies suggested a gradual progression of EGPA, a condition rarely associated with pregnancy. Initial symptoms were misinterpreted as allergic reactions and acute gastroenteritis, delaying the correct diagnosis. Laboratory findings included eosinophilia and elevated immunoglobulin E, while further investigations ruled out other differential diagnoses, such as chronic eosinophilic leukemia. A clinical diagnosis of EGPA was made based on symptom progression, eosinophilia, and mononeuritis multiplex, absent typical granulomatous changes in the skin biopsy. Treatment with high-dose prednisolone and rituximab halted disease progression and improved symptoms, highlighting the critical importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment in preventing irreversible complications. This case emphasizes the need for general physicians to consider pregnancy as a potential trigger for autoimmune diseases like EGPA, especially in patients presenting with multi-symptom allergic reactions and high inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiaki Sano
- Community Medicine Management, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, JPN
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18
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Koren O, Konnikova L, Brodin P, Mysorekar IU, Collado MC. The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:35-45. [PMID: 38097774 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has important roles in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial dysbiosis affects human physiology and health. Maternal immunity and microbial metabolites during pregnancy, microbial transfer during birth, and transfer of immune factors, microorganisms and metabolites via breastfeeding provide critical sources of early-life microbial and immune training, with important consequences for human health. Only a few studies have directly examined the interactions between the gut microbiome and the immune system during pregnancy, and the subsequent effect on offspring development. In this Review, we aim to describe how the maternal microbiome shapes overall pregnancy-associated maternal, fetal and early neonatal immune systems, focusing on the existing evidence and highlighting current gaps to promote further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Petter Brodin
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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19
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Waddington SN, Peranteau WH, Rahim AA, Boyle AK, Kurian MA, Gissen P, Chan JKY, David AL. Fetal gene therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:192-210. [PMID: 37470194 PMCID: PMC10799196 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Fetal gene therapy was first proposed toward the end of the 1990s when the field of gene therapy was, to quote the Gartner hype cycle, at its "peak of inflated expectations." Gene therapy was still an immature field but over the ensuing decade, it matured and is now a clinical and market reality. The trajectory of treatment for several genetic diseases is toward earlier intervention. The ability, capacity, and the will to diagnose genetic disease early-in utero-improves day by day. A confluence of clinical trials now signposts a trajectory toward fetal gene therapy. In this review, we recount the history of fetal gene therapy in the context of the broader field, discuss advances in fetal surgery and diagnosis, and explore the full ambit of preclinical gene therapy for inherited metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Waddington
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - William H Peranteau
- The Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley K Boyle
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS-Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Experimental Fetal Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna L David
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Gostomczyk K, Borowczak J, Siekielska-Domanowska M, Szczerbowski K, Maniewski M, Dubiel M, Szylberg Ł, Bodnar M. Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Placental Transmission. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0001. [PMID: 38299561 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the diverse range of symptoms have placed significant strain on healthcare systems worldwide. Pregnancy has also been affected by COVID-19, with an increased risk of complications and unfavorable outcomes for expectant mothers. Multiple studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can infiltrate the placenta, breach its protective barrier, and infect the fetus. Although the precise mechanisms of intrauterine transmission remain unclear, factors such as perinatal infection, macrophages, sexual intercourse, and the virus' interaction with host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) proteins appear to play a role in this process. The integrity of the placental barrier fluctuates throughout pregnancy and appears to influence the likelihood of fetal transmission. The expression of placental cell receptors, like ACE2, changes during pregnancy and in response to placental damage. However, due to the consistent presence of others, such as NRP-1, SARS-CoV-2 may potentially enter the fetus at different stages of pregnancy. NRP-1 is also found in macrophages, implicating maternal macrophages and Hofbauer cells as potential routes for viral transmission. Our current understanding of SARS-CoV-2's vertical transmission pathways remains limited. Some researchers question the ACE2-associated transmission model due to the relatively low expression of ACE2 in the placenta. Existing studies investigating perinatal transmission and the impact of sexual intercourse have either involved small sample sizes or lacked statistical significance. This review aims to explore the current state of knowledge regarding the potential mechanisms of COVID-19 vertical transmission, identifying areas where further research is needed to fill the gaps in our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Gostomczyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Siekielska-Domanowska
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczerbowski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Mariusz Dubiel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Chair of Pathology, Dr. Jan Biziel Memorial University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Chair of Pathology, Dr. Jan Biziel Memorial University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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21
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Prigge AD, Coates BM. Can Airway Monocytes from Premature Infants Teach Us about Macrophage Differentiation in the Lungs? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:612-613. [PMID: 37702543 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0305ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Prigge
- Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bria M Coates
- Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago, Illinois
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22
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Donald K, Finlay BB. Early-life interactions between the microbiota and immune system: impact on immune system development and atopic disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:735-748. [PMID: 37138015 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal and early postnatal life represent key periods of immune system development. In addition to genetics and host biology, environment has a large and irreversible role in the immune maturation and health of an infant. One key player in this process is the gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms that colonizes the human intestine. The diet, environment and medical interventions experienced by an infant determine the establishment and progression of the intestinal microbiota, which interacts with and trains the developing immune system. Several chronic immune-mediated diseases have been linked to an altered gut microbiota during early infancy. The recent rise in allergic disease incidence has been explained by the 'hygiene hypothesis', which states that societal changes in developed countries have led to reduced early-life microbial exposures, negatively impacting immunity. Although human cohort studies across the globe have established a correlation between early-life microbiota composition and atopy, mechanistic links and specific host-microorganism interactions are still being uncovered. Here, we detail the progression of immune system and microbiota maturation in early life, highlight the mechanistic links between microbes and the immune system, and summarize the role of early-life host-microorganism interactions in allergic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Donald
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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23
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Grama A, Mititelu A, Sîrbe C, Benţa G, Pop TL. Immune-mediated cholangiopathies in children: the need to better understand the pathophysiology for finding the future possible treatment targets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206025. [PMID: 37928553 PMCID: PMC10623351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiopathies are defined as focal or extensive damage of the bile ducts. According to the pathogenetic mechanism, it may be immune-mediated or due to genetic, infectious, toxic, vascular, and obstructive causes. Their chronic evolution is characterized by inflammation, obstruction of bile flow, cholangiocyte proliferation, and progression toward fibrosis and cirrhosis. Immune-mediated cholangiopathies comprise primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), autoimmune cholangitis and IgG4-associated cholangitis in adults and biliary atresia (BA), neonatal sclerosing cholangitis (NSC) in children. The main purpose of this narrative review was to highlight the similarities and differences among immune-mediated cholangiopathies, especially those frequent in children in which cholangiocyte senescence plays a key role (BA, NSC, and PSC). These three entities have many similarities in terms of clinical and histopathological manifestations, and the distinction between them can be hard to achieve. In BA, bile duct destruction occurs due to aggression of the biliary cells due to viral infections or toxins during the intrauterine period or immediately after birth. The consequence is the activation of the immune system leading to severe inflammation and fibrosis of the extrahepatic biliary tract, lumen stenosis, and impairment of the biliary flow. PSC is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, leading to secondary biliary cirrhosis. It is a multifactorial disease that occurs because of genetic predisposition [human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA haplotypes], autoimmunity (cellular immune response, autoantibodies, association with inflammatory bowel disease), environmental factors (infections or toxic bile), and host factors (intestinal microbiota). NSC seems to be a distinct subgroup of childhood PSC that appears due to the interaction between genetic predisposition (HLA B8 and DR3) and the disruption of the immune system, validated by elevated IgG levels or specific antibodies [antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA)]. Currently, the exact mechanism of immune cholangiopathy is not fully understood, and further data are required to identify individuals at high risk of developing these conditions. A better understanding of the immune mechanisms and pathophysiology of BA, NSC, and PSC will open new perspectives for future treatments and better methods of preventing severe evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Grama
- 2Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2Pediatric Clinic and Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mititelu
- 2Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2Pediatric Clinic and Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Sîrbe
- 2Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2Pediatric Clinic and Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Benţa
- 2Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2Pediatric Clinic and Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Lucian Pop
- 2Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2Pediatric Clinic and Center of Expertise in Pediatric Liver Rare Disorders, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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24
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Dhariwala MO, DeRogatis AM, Okoro JN, Weckel A, Tran VM, Habrylo I, Ojewumi OT, Tammen AE, Leech JM, Merana GR, Carale RO, Barrere-Cain R, Hiam-Galvez KJ, Spitzer MH, Scharschmidt TC. Commensal myeloid crosstalk in neonatal skin regulates long-term cutaneous type 17 inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560039. [PMID: 37873143 PMCID: PMC10592812 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Early life microbe-immune interactions at barrier surfaces have lasting impacts on the trajectory towards health versus disease. Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells are primary sentinels in barrier tissues, yet the salient contributions of commensal-myeloid crosstalk during tissue development remain poorly understood. Here, we identify that commensal microbes facilitate accumulation of a population of monocytes in neonatal skin. Transient postnatal depletion of these monocytes resulted in heightened IL-17A production by skin T cells, which was particularly sustained among CD4+ T cells into adulthood and sufficient to exacerbate inflammatory skin pathologies. Neonatal skin monocytes were enriched in expression of negative regulators of the IL-1 pathway. Functional in vivo experiments confirmed a key role for excessive IL-1R1 signaling in T cells as contributing to the dysregulated type 17 response in neonatal monocyte-depleted mice. Thus, a commensal-driven wave of monocytes into neonatal skin critically facilitates long-term immune homeostasis in this prominent barrier tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miqdad O. Dhariwala
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Andrea M. DeRogatis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Joy N. Okoro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Antonin Weckel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Victoria M. Tran
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Irek Habrylo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Allison E. Tammen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - John M. Leech
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Geil R. Merana
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Ricardo O. Carale
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Rio Barrere-Cain
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kamir J. Hiam-Galvez
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Matthew H. Spitzer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
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25
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Notarbartolo V, Carta M, Accomando S, Giuffrè M. The First 1000 Days of Life: How Changes in the Microbiota Can Influence Food Allergy Onset in Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:4014. [PMID: 37764797 PMCID: PMC10534753 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic disease, including food allergies (FA)s, has been identified as a major global disease. The first 1000 days of life can be a "window of opportunity" or a "window of susceptibility", during which several factors can predispose children to FA development. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota from pregnancy to infancy may play a pivotal role in this regard: some bacterial genera, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, seem to be protective against FA development. On the contrary, Clostridium and Staphylococcus appear to be unprotective. METHODS We conducted research on the most recent literature (2013-2023) using the PubMed and Scopus databases. We included original papers, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and reviews in English. Case reports, series, and letters were excluded. RESULTS During pregnancy, the maternal diet can play a fundamental role in influencing the gut microbiota composition of newborns. After birth, human milk can promote the development of protective microbial species via human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which play a prebiotic role. Moreover, complementary feeding can modify the gut microbiota's composition. CONCLUSIONS The first two years of life are a critical period, during which several factors can increase the risk of FA development in genetically predisposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Notarbartolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with Neonatology, “G.F. Ingrassia” Hospital Unit, ASP 6, 90131 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Carta
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinic “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Accomando
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinic “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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26
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Di Lollo V, Canciello A, Peserico A, Orsini M, Russo V, Cerveró-Varona A, Dufrusine B, El Khatib M, Curini V, Mauro A, Berardinelli P, Tournier C, Ancora M, Cammà C, Dainese E, Mincarelli LF, Barboni B. Unveiling the immunomodulatory shift: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition Alters immune mechanisms of amniotic epithelial cells. iScience 2023; 26:107582. [PMID: 37680464 PMCID: PMC10481295 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) changes cell phenotype by affecting immune properties of amniotic epithelial cells (AECs). The present study shows how the response to lipopolysaccharide of cells collected pre- (eAECs) and post-EMT (mAECs) induces changes in their transcriptomics profile. In fact, eAECs mainly upregulate genes involved in antigen-presenting response, whereas mAECs over-express soluble inflammatory mediator transcripts. Consistently, network analysis identifies CIITA and Nrf2 as main drivers of eAECs and mAECs immune response, respectively. As a consequence, the depletion of CIITA and Nrf2 impairs the ability of eAECs and mAECs to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation or macrophage-dependent IL-6 release, thus confirming their involvement in regulating immune response. Deciphering the mechanisms controlling the immune function of AECs pre- and post-EMT represents a step forward in understanding key physiological events wherein these cells are involved (pregnancy and labor). Moreover, controlling the immunomodulatory properties of eAECs and mAECs may be essential in developing potential strategies for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Di Lollo
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Angelo Canciello
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessia Peserico
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Orsini
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Microbiology, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Adrián Cerveró-Varona
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Mohammad El Khatib
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Valentina Curini
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Cathy Tournier
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Massimo Ancora
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Luana Fiorella Mincarelli
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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27
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Sinkora M, Toman M, Stepanova K, Stepanova H, Leva L, Sinkorova J, Moutelikova R, Salat J, Srutkova D, Schwarzer M, Sinkora S, Skalnikova HK, Nechvatalova K, Hudcovic T, Hermanova P, Pfeiferova S, Kratochvilova M, Kavanova L, Dusankova B, Sinkora MJ. The mechanism of immune dysregulation caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105146. [PMID: 37142116 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PRRSV is capable of evading the effective immune response, thus persisting in piglets and throughout the swine herd. We show here that PRRSV invades the thymus and causes depletion of T-cell precursors and alteration of the TCR repertoire. Developing thymocytes are affected during negative selection when they transit from the triple-negative to triple-positive stages at the corticomedullary junction just before entering the medulla. The restriction of repertoire diversification occurs in both helper and cytotoxic αβ-T cells. As a result, critical viral epitopes are tolerated, and infection becomes chronic. However, not all viral epitopes are tolerated. Infected piglets develop antibodies capable of recognizing PRRSV, but these are not virus neutralizing. Further analysis showed that the lack of an effective immune response against the critical viral structures results in the absence of a germinal center response, overactivation of T and B cells in the periphery, robust production of useless antibodies of all isotypes, and the inability to eliminate the virus. Overall, the results show how a respiratory virus that primarily infects and destroys myelomonocytic cells has evolved strategies to disrupt the immune system. These mechanisms may be a prototype for how other viruses can similarly modulate the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Toman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Stepanova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Stepanova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Leva
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Sinkorova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Moutelikova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Salat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses and Research Center PIGMOD, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Nechvatalova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Hudcovic
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hermanova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pfeiferova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Mirka Kratochvilova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kavanova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Dusankova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Jr Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
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28
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Li X, Xiao Z, Li C, Chen Q, Jia L. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of infantile eczema during the first year of life: a cohort study in northeast China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1641. [PMID: 37641073 PMCID: PMC10463679 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few studies on the relationship between diet during pregnancy and infantile eczema and the conclusions are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of dietary patterns during pregnancy on infantile eczema. METHODS A total of 495 mother-child pairs from a prospective cohort in Shenyang, China was recruited. Information on maternal dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed with a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. The data of infantile eczema was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Factor analysis to derive dietary patterns. The relationship between the dietary pattern and infantile eczema was examined by the logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of eczema in 6 months and 12 months in northeast China was 45.7% and 57.8%, respectively. Three dietary patterns were identified. There was a tendency for an expose-response relationship between the maternal high-protein dietary pattern during pregnancy and the risk of infantile eczema within 12 months (P for trend = 0.023): the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in the Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 were 1.00 (reference), 1.63 (0.96-2.76), 1.81 (1.06-3.06), and 1.87 (1.09-3.20), respectively. No association between Western and plant-based patterns during pregnancy and infantile eczema within 12 months was found. Infantile eczema within 6 months was not associated with any of the three dietary patterns. CONCLUSION The maternal high-protein pattern during pregnancy may be a risk factor for infantile eczema during the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Xiao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Budhiraja S, Najem H, Tripathi S, Wadhawani NR, Horbinski C, McCord M, Lenzen AC, Heimberger AB, DeCuypere M. Immunobiology and Cytokine Modulation of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Microenvironment: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3655. [PMID: 37509316 PMCID: PMC10377457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilizing a Scoping Review strategy in the domain of immune biology to identify immune therapeutic targets, knowledge gaps for implementing immune therapeutic strategies for pediatric brain tumors was assessed. The analysis demonstrated limited efforts to date to characterize and understand the immunological aspects of tumor biology with an over-reliance on observations from the adult glioma population. Foundational knowledge regarding the frequency and ubiquity of immune therapeutic targets is an area of unmet need along with the development of immune-competent pediatric tumor models to test therapeutics and especially combinatorial treatment. Opportunities arise in the evolution of pediatric tumor classification from histological to molecular with targeted immune therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Budhiraja
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shashwat Tripathi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nitin R Wadhawani
- Division of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew McCord
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alicia C Lenzen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael DeCuypere
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Bous M, Schmitt C, Hans MC, Weber R, Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Tenbruck S, Haj Hamoud B, Wagenpfeil G, Kaiser E, Solomayer EF, Zemlin M, Goedicke-Fritz S. Sex Differences in the Frequencies of B and T Cell Subpopulations of Human Cord Blood. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11511. [PMID: 37511278 PMCID: PMC10380850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cord blood represents a link between intrauterine and early extrauterine development. Cord blood cells map an important time frame in human immune imprinting processes. It is unknown whether the sex of the newborn affects the lymphocyte subpopulations in the cord blood. Nine B and twenty-one T cell subpopulations were characterized using flow cytometry in human cord blood from sixteen male and twenty-one female newborns, respectively. Except for transitional B cells and naïve B cells, frequencies of B cell counts across all subsets was higher in the cord blood of male newborns than in female newborns. The frequency of naïve thymus-negative Th cells was significantly higher in male cord blood, whereas the remaining T cell subpopulations showed a higher count in the cord blood of female newborns. Our study is the first revealing sex differences in the B and T cell subpopulations of human cord blood. These results indicate that sex might have a higher impact for the developing immune system, urging the need to expand research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bous
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Charline Schmitt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Muriel Charlotte Hans
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Regine Weber
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Tenbruck
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Bashar Haj Hamoud
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics (IMBEI), Saarland University, Campus Homburg, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaiser
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Erich-Franz Solomayer
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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31
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Ng DZW, Lee SXY, Ooi DSQ, Ta LDH, Yap GC, Tay CJX, Huang CH, Tham EH, Loo EXL, Shek LPC, Goh A, Bever HPSV, Teoh OH, Lee YS, Yap F, Tan KH, Chong YS, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Godfrey KM, Lee BW, Chan ECY. Sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the temporal profiling of bile acids, fatty acids and branched-chain alpha-keto acids in maternal plasma during pregnancy and cord blood plasma at delivery. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117449. [PMID: 37331549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are significant changes to the maternal inflammatory profile across pregnancy. Recent studies suggest that perturbations in maternal gut microbial and dietary-derived plasma metabolites over the course of pregnancy mediate inflammation through a complex interplay of immunomodulatory effects. Despite this body of evidence, there is currently no analytical method that is suitable for the simultaneous profiling of these metabolites within human plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the high-throughput analysis of these metabolites in human plasma without derivatization. Plasma samples were processed using liquid-liquid extraction method with varying proportions of methyl tert-butyl ether, methanol, and water in a 3:10:2.5 ratio to reduce matrix effects. RESULTS LC-MS/MS detection was sufficiently sensitive to quantify these gut microbial and dietary-derived metabolites at physiological concentrations and linear calibration curves with r2>0.99 were obtained. Recovery was consistent across concentration levels. Stability experiments confirmed that up to 160 samples could be analyzed within a single batch. The method was validated and applied to analyse maternal plasma during the first and third trimester and cord blood plasma of 5 mothers. CONCLUSION This study validated a straightforward and sensitive LC/MS-MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of gut microbial and dietary-derived metabolites in human plasma within 9 minutes without prior sample derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zhi Wei Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Sean Xian Yu Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Delicia Shu Qin Ooi
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228
| | - Le Duc Huy Ta
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228
| | - Gaik Chin Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228
| | - Carina Jing Xuan Tay
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228
| | - Chiung-Hui Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228; Division of Allergy & Immunology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette P C Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Goh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hugo P S Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan Gunnar Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228.
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.
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Vidal MS, Menon R. In utero priming of fetal immune activation: Myths and mechanisms. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 157:103922. [PMID: 36913842 PMCID: PMC10205680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of fetal immune system development in utero remain incompletely elucidated. Protective immunity, the arm of reproductive immunology concerned with the progressive education of the fetal immune system as pregnancy advances, allows for programming of the immune system and immune maturation in utero and provides a responsive system to respond to rapid microbial and other antigenic exposure ex utero. Challenges in studying fetal tissues, immune system development, and the contributions of various endogenous and exogenous factors to this process are difficult to study as a progressive sampling of fetal biological samples is impractical during pregnancy, and animal models are limited. This review provides a summary of mechanisms of protective immunity and how it has been shaped, from transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins, cytokines, metabolites, as well as antigenic microchimeric cells to perhaps more controversial notions of materno-fetal transfer of bacteria that subsequently organize into microbiomes within the fetal tissues. This review will also provide a quick overview of future direction in the area of research on fetal immune system development and discusses methods to visualize fetal immune populations and determine fetal immune functions, as well as a quick look into appropriate models for studying fetal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel S Vidal
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA.
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Ye D, Qu S, Yang Y, Wang Z, Wang Q, Liu W, Zhang F, Guan Q, Wang X, Zang J, Li X, Liu H, Yao R, Feng Z, Luan Z. Intrauterine desensitization enables long term survival of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells without immunosuppression. iScience 2023; 26:106647. [PMID: 37168574 PMCID: PMC10165029 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune rejection can be reduced using immunosuppressants which are not viable for premature infants. However, desensitization can induce immune tolerance for premature infants because of underdeveloped immune system. The fetuses of Wistar rats at 15-17 days gestation were injected via hOPCs-1 into brain, muscles, and abdomen ex utero and then returned while the fetuses of control without injection. After 6 weeks of desensitization, the brain and muscles were transplanted with hOPCs-1, hNSCs-1, and hOPCs-2. After 10 and 34 weeks of desensitization, hOPCs-1 and hNSCs-1 in desensitized groups was higher than that in the control group while hOPCs-2 were rejected. Treg, CD4CD28, CD8CD28, and CD45RC between the desensitization and the control group differed significantly. Inflammatory cells in group with hOPCs-1 and hNSCs-1 was lower than that in the control group. hOPCs-1 can differentiate into myelin in desensitized groups. Wistar rats with desensitization developed immune tolerance to desensitized and transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Suqing Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yinxiang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qian Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jing Zang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hengtao Liu
- Jiaen Genetics Laboratory, Beijing Jiaen Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Zhichun Feng
- Faculty of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100700 Beijing, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Zuo Luan
- Department of Pediatrics, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Corresponding author
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Onji M, Penninger JM. RANKL and RANK in Cancer Therapy. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 36473204 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00020.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) are key regulators of mammalian physiology such as bone metabolism, immune tolerance and antitumor immunity, and mammary gland biology. Here, we explore the multiple functions of RANKL/RANK in physiology and pathophysiology and discuss underlying principles and strategies to modulate the RANKL/RANK pathway as a therapeutic target in immune-mediated cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Onji
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, VBC-Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, VBC-Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Polcz VE, Rincon JC, Hawkins RB, Barrios EL, Efron PA, Moldawer LL, Larson SD. TRAINED IMMUNITY: A POTENTIAL APPROACH FOR IMPROVING HOST IMMUNITY IN NEONATAL SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 59:125-134. [PMID: 36383390 PMCID: PMC9957873 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis, a dysregulated host immune response to infection, is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality worldwide. Improved understanding of the perinatal immune system is critical to improve therapies to both term and preterm neonates at increased risk of sepsis. Our narrative outlines the known and unknown aspects of the human immune system through both the immune tolerant in utero period and the rapidly changing antigen-rich period after birth. We will highlight the key differences in innate and adaptive immunity noted through these developmental stages and how the unique immune phenotype in early life contributes to the elevated risk of overwhelming infection and dysregulated immune responses to infection upon exposure to external antigens shortly after birth. Given an initial dependence on neonatal innate immune host responses, we will discuss the concept of innate immune memory, or "trained immunity," and describe several potential immune modulators, which show promise in altering the dysregulated immune response in newborns and improving resilience to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie E Polcz
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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Paiola M, Dimitrakopoulou D, Pavelka MS, Robert J. Amphibians as a model to study the role of immune cell heterogeneity in host and mycobacterial interactions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104594. [PMID: 36403788 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections represent major concerns for aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates including humans. Although our current knowledge is mostly restricted to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mammalian host interactions, increasing evidence suggests common features in endo- and ectothermic animals infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) like those described for M. tuberculosis. Importantly, most of the pathogenic and non-pathogenic NTMs detected in amphibians from wild, farmed, and research facilities represent, in addition to the potential economic loss, a rising concern for human health. Upon mycobacterial infection in mammals, the protective immune responses involving the innate and adaptive immune systems are highly complex and therefore not fully understood. This complexity results from the versatility and resilience of mycobacteria to hostile conditions as well as from the immune cell heterogeneity arising from the distinct developmental origins according with the concept of layered immunity. Similar to the differing responses of neonates versus adults during tuberculosis development, the pathogenesis and inflammatory responses are stage-specific in Xenopus laevis during infection by the NTM M. marinum. That is, both in human fetal and neonatal development and in tadpole development, responses are characterized by hypo-responsiveness and a lower capacity to contain mycobacterial infections. Similar to a mammalian fetus and neonates, T cells and myeloid cells in Xenopus tadpoles and axolotls are different from the adult immune cells. Fetal and amphibian larval T cells, which are characterized by a lower T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity, are biased toward regulatory function, and they have distinct progenitor origins from those of the adult immune cells. Some early developing T cells and likely macrophage subpopulations are conserved in adult anurans and mammals, and therefore, they likely play an important role in the host-pathogen interactions from early stages of development to adulthood. Thus, we propose the use of developing amphibians, which have the advantage of being free-living early in their development, as an alternative and complementary model to study the role of immune cell heterogeneity in host-mycobacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Paiola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Dionysia Dimitrakopoulou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Martin S Pavelka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Nunzi E, Mezzasoma L, Bellezza I, Zelante T, Orvietani P, Coata G, Giardina I, Sagini K, Manni G, Di Michele A, Gargaro M, Talesa VN, Di Renzo GC, Fallarino F, Romani R. Microbiota-Associated HAF-EVs Regulate Monocytes by Triggering or Inhibiting Inflammasome Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032527. [PMID: 36768851 PMCID: PMC9916438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In pregnancy, human amniotic fluid extracellular vesicles (HAF-EVs) exert anti-inflammatory effects on T cells and on monocytes, supporting their immunoregulatory roles. The specific mechanisms are still not completely defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of HAF-EVs, isolated from pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis and purified by gradient ultracentrifugation, to affect inflammasome activation in the human monocytes. Proteomic studies revealed that HAF-EV samples expressed several immunoregulatory molecules as well as small amounts of endotoxin. Surprisingly, metagenomic analysis shows the presence of specific bacterial strain variants associated with HAF-EVs as potential sources of the endotoxin. Remarkably, we showed that a single treatment of THP-1 cells with HAF-EVs triggered inflammasome activation, whereas the same treatment followed by LPS and ATP sensitization prevented inflammasome activation, a pathway resembling monocyte refractories. A bioinformatics analysis of microbiota-HAF-EVs functional pathways confirmed the presence of enzymes for endotoxin biosynthesis as well as others associated with immunoregulatory functions. Overall, these data suggest that HAF-EVs could serve as a source of the isolation of a specific microbiota during early pregnancy. Moreover, HAF-EVs could act as a novel system to balance immune training and tolerance by modulating the inflammasome in monocytes or other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Nunzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Letizia Mezzasoma
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Orvietani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Coata
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Irene Giardina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Perugia, Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Krizia Sagini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Giorgia Manni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo N. Talesa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Di Renzo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology IM Sechenov First State University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (R.R.)
| | - Rita Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant’Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (R.R.)
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Krausová M, Braun D, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Gundacker C, Schernhammer E, Wisgrill L, Warth B. Understanding the Chemical Exposome During Fetal Development and Early Childhood: A Review. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:517-540. [PMID: 36202091 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051922-113350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Early human life is considered a critical window of susceptibility to external exposures. Infants are exposed to a multitude of environmental factors, collectively referred to as the exposome. The chemical exposome can be summarized as the sum of all xenobiotics that humans are exposed to throughout a lifetime. We review different exposure classes and routes that impact fetal and infant metabolism and the potential toxicological role of mixture effects. We also discuss the progress in human biomonitoring and present possiblemodels for studying maternal-fetal transfer. Data gaps on prenatal and infant exposure to xenobiotic mixtures are identified and include natural biotoxins, in addition to commonly reported synthetic toxicants, to obtain a more holistic assessment of the chemical exposome. We highlight the lack of large-scale studies covering a broad range of xenobiotics. Several recommendations to advance our understanding of the early-life chemical exposome and the subsequent impact on health outcomes are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Krausová
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; , ,
| | - Dominik Braun
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; , ,
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; .,Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Austria.,Center for Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lukas Wisgrill
- Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Austria.,Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; , , .,Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Austria
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Liu X, He G, Lan Y, Guo W, Liu X, Li J, Liu A, He M, Liu X, Fan Z, Zhang Y. Virome and metagenomic analysis reveal the distinct distribution of microbiota in human fetal gut during gestation. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1079294. [PMID: 36685560 PMCID: PMC9850102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that fetal immune cell activation may result from potential exposure to microbes, although the presence of microbes in fetus has been a controversial topic. Here, we combined metagenomic and virome techniques to investigate the presence of bacteria and viruses in fetal tissues (small intestine, cecum, and rectum). We found that the fetal gut is not a sterile environment and has a low abundance but metabolically rich microbiome. Specifically, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria phyla of fetal gut. In total, 700 species viruses were detected, and Human betaherpesvirus 5 was the most abundant eukaryotic viruses. Especially, we first identified Methanobrevibacter smithii in fetal gut. Through the comparison with adults' gut microbiota we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes gradually became the main force of gut microbiota during the process of growth and development. Interestingly, 6 antibiotic resistance genes were shared by the fetus and adults. Our results indicate the presence of microbes in the fetal gut and demonstrate the diversity of bacteria, archaea and viruses, which provide support for the studies related to early fetal immunity. This study further explores the specific composition of viruses in the fetal gut and the similarities between fetal and adults' gut microbiota, which is valuable for understanding human fetal immunity development during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guolin He
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anqing Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miao He
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yaoyao Zhang, ; Zhenxin Fan,
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yaoyao Zhang, ; Zhenxin Fan,
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Regulatory T Cells: Liquid and Living Precision Medicine for the Future of VCA. Transplantation 2023; 107:86-97. [PMID: 36210500 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transplant rejection remains a challenge especially in the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). To blunt the alloreactive immune response' stable levels of maintenance immunosupression are required. However' the need for lifelong immunosuppression poses the risk of severe side effects, such as increased risk of infection, metabolic complications, and malignancies. To balance therapeutic efficacy and medication side effects, immunotolerance promoting immune cells (especially regulatory T cells [Treg]) have become of great scientific interest. This approach leverages immune system mechanisms that usually ensure immunotolerance toward self-antigens and prevent autoimmunopathies. Treg can be bioengineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor or a T-cell receptor. Such bioengineered Treg can target specific antigens and thereby reduce unwanted off-target effects. Treg have demonstrated beneficial clinical effects in solid organ transplantation and promising in vivo data in VCAs. In this review, we summarize the functional, phenotypic, and immunometabolic characteristics of Treg and outline recent advancements and current developments regarding Treg in the field of VCA and solid organ transplantation.
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Strachan E, Clemente-Casares X, Tsai S. Maternal provisions in type 1 diabetes: Evidence for both protective & pathogenic potential. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146082. [PMID: 37033940 PMCID: PMC10073710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal influences on the immune health and development of an infant begin in utero and continue well into the postnatal period, shaping and educating the child's maturing immune system. Two maternal provisions include early microbial colonizers to initiate microbiota establishment and the transfer of antibodies from mother to baby. Maternal antibodies are a result of a lifetime of antigenic experience, reflecting the infection history, health and environmental exposure of the mother. These same factors are strong influencers of the microbiota, inexorably linking the two. Together, these provisions help to educate the developing neonatal immune system and shape lymphocyte repertoires, establishing a role for external environmental influences even before birth. In the context of autoimmunity, the transfer of maternal autoantibodies has the potential to be harmful for the child, sometimes targeting tissues and cells with devastating consequences. Curiously, this does not seem to apply to maternal autoantibody transfer in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Moreover, despite the rising prevalence of the disease, little research has been conducted on the effects of maternal dysbiosis or antibody transfer from an affected mother to her offspring and thus their relevance to disease development in the offspring remains unclear. This review seeks to provide a thorough evaluation of the role of maternal microorganisms and antibodies within the context of T1D, exploring both their pathogenic and protective potential. Although a definitive understanding of their significance in infant T1D development remains elusive at present, we endeavor to present what has been learned with the goal of spurring further interest in this important and intriguing question.
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Liu B, Zhang X, Ding X, Bin P, Zhu G. The vertical transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis in a One-Health context. One Health 2022; 16:100469. [PMID: 36507074 PMCID: PMC9731862 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE) is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen, causing economic losses in animal husbandry and large numbers of human deaths and critically threatening economic development and public health. Human infection with SE has complex transmission routes, involving the environment, animal reservoirs, and water in a One-Health context. Food-producing animals, particularly poultry and livestock, are regarded as the most common sources of SE infection in humans. However, there is little known about the vertical transmission of SE in a One-Health context. In this review, we analyze the ecological significance of SE in a One-Health context. Importantly, we focus on the difference in vertical transmission of SE in poultry, livestock, and humans. We introduce the transmission pathway, describe the immune mechanisms, and discuss the models that could be used for studying the vertical transmission of SE and the strategy that prevention and control for vertical transmission of SE into the future from a One-Health perspective. Together, considering the vertical transmission of SE, it is helpful to provide important insights into the control and decontamination pathways of SE in animal husbandry and enhance knowledge about the prevention of fetal infection in human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of comparative medicine), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China,Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou 225009, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of comparative medicine), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China,Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou 225009, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xueyan Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of comparative medicine), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China,Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou 225009, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Bin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of comparative medicine), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China,Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou 225009, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of comparative medicine), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China,Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou 225009, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China,Corresponding author at: College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of comparative medicine), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Lentz LS, Stutz AJ, Meyer N, Schubert K, Karkossa I, von Bergen M, Zenclussen AC, Schumacher A. Human chorionic gonadotropin promotes murine Treg cells and restricts pregnancy-harmful proinflammatory Th17 responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:989247. [PMID: 36203576 PMCID: PMC9531259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.989247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An equilibrium between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses is essential for maternal tolerance of the fetus throughout gestation. To study the participation of fetal tissue-derived factors in this delicate immune balance, we analyzed the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on murine Treg cells and Th17 cells in vitro, and on pregnancy outcomes, fetal and placental growth, blood flow velocities and remodeling of the uterine vascular bed in vivo. Compared with untreated CD4+CD25+ T cells, hCG increased the frequency of Treg cells upon activation of the LH/CG receptor. hCG, with the involvement of IL-2, also interfered with induced differentiation of CD4+ T cells into proinflammatory Th17 cells. In already differentiated Th17 cells, hCG induced an anti-inflammatory profile. Transfer of proinflammatory Th17 cells into healthy pregnant mice promoted fetal rejection, impaired fetal growth and resulted in insufficient remodeling of uterine spiral arteries, and abnormal flow velocities. Our works show that proinflammatory Th17 cells have a negative influence on pregnancy that can be partly avoided by in vitro re-programming of proinflammatory Th17 cells with hCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea S. Lentz
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectilogy and Inflammation (GC-I), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika J. Stutz
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectilogy and Inflammation (GC-I), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Meyer
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectilogy and Inflammation (GC-I), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Karkossa
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C. Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectilogy and Inflammation (GC-I), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectilogy and Inflammation (GC-I), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anne Schumacher,
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Distribution and clinical significance of circulating CD8 +CD28 - regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:291. [PMID: 35907816 PMCID: PMC9338636 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) may be closely related to the progression of PTB. In this study, the distribution characteristics and clinical importance of CD8+CD28− Treg cells in patients with tuberculosis were systematically analyzed, and the role and importance of CD8+CD28− Treg cells in influencing the immune response and progression of tuberculosis were discussed, which will provide immunological indices and reference values for the clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Methods Flow cytometry, sputum smears and computed tomography imaging were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of CD8+CD28− Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with PTB and the correlation between CD8+CD28−Treg cells and clinical and immune indices. Results The percentages of CD4+CD25high and CD8+CD28− Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with PTB were significantly higher than those in the healthy control (HC) group. Further analysis showed that the percentage of CD4+CD25highTreg cells in the Stage II group was significantly higher than that in the HC group. The percentages of CD4+CD25high and CD8+CD28− Treg cells increased significantly in patients in the Stage II group. The proportion of CD8+CD28− Treg cells was directly proportional to the degree of positivity in sputum smears, while CD4+CD25highTreg cells did not exhibit this trend. The correlations between the percentage of CD4+CD25high and CD8+CD28− Treg cells and the percentage of lymphocyte subsets were examined. The percentage of CD8+CD28− Treg cells was negatively correlated with the percentage of CD4+T cells and positively correlated with the CD8+T cell percentage in the HC and PTB groups. The percentage of CD4 + CD25highTreg cells was positively correlated with the percentage of CD4+T cells only in the PTB group. Conclusions This study was the first to show that the proportion of CD8+CD28− Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with PTB was significantly increased, and the increase in CD8+CD28− Treg cells was related to the progression of PTB, which may affect the proportion of immune cell subsets by inhibiting the immune response, resulting in the progression of PTB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-02088-7.
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Carnac T. Schizophrenia Hypothesis: Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation of Fetal and Adult Immune Tolerance. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:844383. [PMID: 35844244 PMCID: PMC9283579 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.844383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system can control immune cell activation via both sympathetic adrenergic and parasympathetic cholinergic nerve release of norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The hypothesis put forward in this paper suggests that autonomic nervous system dysfunction leads to dysregulation of immune tolerance mechanisms in brain-resident and peripheral immune cells leading to excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α). Inactivation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK3β) is a process that takes place in macrophages and microglia when a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand binds to the TLR4 receptor. When Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPS) and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS) bind to TLR4s, the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) pathway should be activated, leading to inactivation of GSK3β. This switches the macrophage from producing pro-inflammatory cytokines to anti-inflammatory cytokines. Acetylcholine activation of the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) on the cell surface of immune cells leads to PI3K/Akt pathway activation and can control immune cell polarization. Dysregulation of this pathway due to dysfunction of the prenatal autonomic nervous system could lead to impaired fetal immune tolerance mechanisms and a greater vulnerability to Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) resulting in neurodevelopmental abnormalities. It could also lead to the adult schizophrenia patient’s immune system being more vulnerable to chronic stress-induced DAMP release. If a schizophrenia patient experiences chronic stress, an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α could cause significant damage. TNF-α could increase the permeability of the intestinal and blood brain barrier, resulting in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNF-α translocation to the brain and consequent increases in glutamate release. MIA has been found to reduce Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase mRNA expression, resulting in reduced Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, which combined with an increase of glutamate release could result in an imbalance of glutamate and GABA neurotransmitters. Schizophrenia could be a “two-hit” illness comprised of a genetic “hit” of autonomic nervous system dysfunction and an environmental hit of MIA. This combination of factors could lead to neurotransmitter imbalance and the development of psychotic symptoms.
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Gao X, Zhong Y, Li K, Miao A, Chen N, Ding R, Xu Y, Chen J. Toxoplasma gondii promotes microRNA-34a to inhibit Foxp3 expression in adverse outcomes of pregnancy in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Lederer CW, Koniali L, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Papasavva PL, La Grutta S, Licari A, Staud F, Bonifazi D, Kleanthous M. Catching Them Early: Framework Parameters and Progress for Prenatal and Childhood Application of Advanced Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040793. [PMID: 35456627 PMCID: PMC9031205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are medicines for human use based on genes, cells or tissue engineering. After clear successes in adults, the nascent technology now sees increasing pediatric application. For many still untreatable disorders with pre- or perinatal onset, timely intervention is simply indispensable; thus, prenatal and pediatric applications of ATMPs hold great promise for curative treatments. Moreover, for most inherited disorders, early ATMP application may substantially improve efficiency, economy and accessibility compared with application in adults. Vindicating this notion, initial data for cell-based ATMPs show better cell yields, success rates and corrections of disease parameters for younger patients, in addition to reduced overall cell and vector requirements, illustrating that early application may resolve key obstacles to the widespread application of ATMPs for inherited disorders. Here, we provide a selective review of the latest ATMP developments for prenatal, perinatal and pediatric use, with special emphasis on its comparison with ATMPs for adults. Taken together, we provide a perspective on the enormous potential and key framework parameters of clinical prenatal and pediatric ATMP application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten W. Lederer
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22-392764
| | - Lola Koniali
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Panayiota L. Papasavva
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, IFT National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Donato Bonifazi
- Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche (CVBF) and European Paediatric Translational Research Infrastructure (EPTRI), 70122 Bari, Italy;
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- The Molecular Genetics Thalassemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (L.K.); (P.L.P.); (M.K.)
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Furuta A, Brokaw A, Manuel G, Dacanay M, Marcell L, Seepersaud R, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf K. Bacterial and Host Determinants of Group B Streptococcal Infection of the Neonate and Infant. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820365. [PMID: 35265059 PMCID: PMC8899651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococci (GBS) are Gram-positive β-hemolytic bacteria that can cause serious and life-threatening infections in neonates manifesting as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and/or septic arthritis. Invasive GBS infections in neonates in the first week of life are referred to as early-onset disease (EOD) and thought to be acquired by the fetus through exposure to GBS in utero or to vaginal fluids during birth. Late-onset disease (LOD) refers to invasive GBS infections between 7 and 89 days of life. LOD transmission routes are incompletely understood, but may include breast milk, household contacts, nosocomial, or community sources. Invasive GBS infections and particularly meningitis may result in significant neurodevelopmental injury and long-term disability that persists into childhood and adulthood. Globally, EOD and LOD occur in more than 300,000 neonates and infants annually, resulting in 90,000 infant deaths and leaving more than 10,000 infants with a lifelong disability. In this review, we discuss the clinical impact of invasive GBS neonatal infections and then summarize virulence and host factors that allow the bacteria to exploit the developing neonatal immune system and target organs. Specifically, we consider the mechanisms known to enable GBS invasion into the neonatal lung, blood vessels and brain. Understanding mechanisms of GBS invasion and pathogenesis relevant to infections in the neonate and infant may inform the development of therapeutics to prevent or mitigate injury, as well as improve risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Furuta
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alyssa Brokaw
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gygeria Manuel
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Matthew Dacanay
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lauren Marcell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ravin Seepersaud
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristina Adams Waldorf
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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