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Chelnokova IA, Nikitina IA, Starodubtseva MN. Mechanical properties of blood exosomes and lipoproteins after the rat whole blood irradiation with X-rays in vitro explored by atomic force microscopy. Micron 2024; 184:103662. [PMID: 38838454 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Blood is a two-component system with two levels of hierarchy: the macrosystem of blood formed elements and the dispersed system of blood nanoparticles. Biological nanoparticles are the key participants in communication between the irradiated and non-irradiated cells and inducers of the non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation. The work aimed at studying by atomic force microscopy the structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of exosomes and lipoproteins (LDL/VLDL) isolated from rat blood after its exposure to X-rays in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The whole blood of Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet was irradiated with X-rays (1 and 100 Gy) in vitro. The structural and mechanical properties (the elastic modulus and nonspecific adhesion force) of exosome and lipoprotein isolates from the blood by ultracentrifugation method were studied using Bruker Bioscope Resolve atomic force microscope in PF QNM mode, their electric properties (the zeta-potential) was measured by electrophoretic mobility. RESULTS Lipoproteins isolated from non-irradiated blood were softer (Me(LQ; UQ): 7.8(4.9;12.1) MPa) compared to blood nanoparticles of its exosome fraction (34.8(22.6;44.9) MPa) containing both exosomes and non-membrane nanoparticles. X-ray blood irradiation with a dose of 1 Gy significantly weakened the elastic properties of lipoproteins. Exposure of the blood to 100 Gy X-rays made lipoproteins stiffer and their nonspecific adhesive properties stronger. The radiation effects on the mechanical parameters of exosomes and non-membrane nanoparticles in exosome fractions differed. The significant radiation-induced change in electric properties of the studied nanoparticles was detected only for lipoproteins in the blood irradiated with 1 Gy X-rays. The low-dose radiation-induced changes in zeta-potential and increase in lipoprotein size with the appearance of a soft thick surface layer indicate the formation of the modified lipoproteins covered with a corona from macromolecules of irradiated blood. CONCLUSION Our data obtained using the nanomechanical mapping mode of AFM are the first evidence of the significant radiation-induced changes in the structural and mechanical properties of the dispersed system of blood nanoparticles after the X-ray irradiation of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Chelnokova
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gomel, Belarus.
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2
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Winer BY, Settle AH, Yakimov AM, Jeronimo C, Lazarov T, Tipping M, Saoi M, Sawh A, Sepp ALL, Galiano M, Perry JSA, Wong YY, Geissmann F, Cross J, Zhou T, Kam LC, Pasolli HA, Hohl T, Cyster JG, Weiner OD, Huse M. Plasma membrane abundance dictates phagocytic capacity and functional cross-talk in myeloid cells. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadl2388. [PMID: 38848343 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adl2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Professional phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages tightly control what they consume, how much they consume, and when they move after cargo uptake. We show that plasma membrane abundance is a key arbiter of these cellular behaviors. Neutrophils and macrophages lacking the G protein subunit Gβ4 exhibited profound plasma membrane expansion, accompanied by marked reduction in plasma membrane tension. These biophysical changes promoted the phagocytosis of bacteria, fungus, apoptotic corpses, and cancer cells. We also found that Gβ4-deficient neutrophils are defective in the normal inhibition of migration following cargo uptake. Sphingolipid synthesis played a central role in these phenotypes by driving plasma membrane accumulation in cells lacking Gβ4. In Gβ4 knockout mice, neutrophils not only exhibited enhanced phagocytosis of inhaled fungal conidia in the lung but also increased trafficking of engulfed pathogens to other organs. Together, these results reveal an unexpected, biophysical control mechanism central to myeloid functional decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander H Settle
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Carlos Jeronimo
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murray Tipping
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Saoi
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna-Liisa L Sepp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Galiano
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yung Yu Wong
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Hohl
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Orion D Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Tsai FC, Guérin G, Pernier J, Bassereau P. Actin-membrane linkers: Insights from synthetic reconstituted systems. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151402. [PMID: 38461706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
At the cell surface, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane interact reciprocally in a variety of processes related to the remodeling of the cell surface. The actin cytoskeleton has been known to modulate membrane organization and reshape the membrane. To this end, actin-membrane linking molecules play a major role in regulating actin assembly and spatially direct the interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and the membrane. While studies in cells have provided a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition and interactions of the actin-membrane interface, the complex molecular interactions make it challenging to elucidate the precise actions of the actin-membrane linkers at the interface. Synthetic reconstituted systems, consisting of model membranes and purified proteins, have been a powerful approach to elucidate how actin-membrane linkers direct actin assembly to drive membrane shape changes. In this review, we will focus only on several actin-membrane linkers that have been studied by using reconstitution systems. We will discuss the design principles of these reconstitution systems and how they have contributed to the understanding of the cellular functions of actin-membrane linkers. Finally, we will provide a perspective on future research directions in understanding the intricate actin-membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Gwendal Guérin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France
| | - Julien Pernier
- Tumor Cell Dynamics Unit, Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France.
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4
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Huo Z, Yang W, Harati J, Nene A, Borghi F, Piazzoni C, Milani P, Guo S, Galluzzi M, Boraschi D. Biomechanics of Macrophages on Disordered Surface Nanotopography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27164-27176. [PMID: 38750662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in every stage of the innate/inflammatory immune responses in the body tissues, including the resolution of the reaction, and they do so in close collaboration with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Simplified substrates with nanotopographical features attempt to mimic the structural properties of the ECM to clarify the functional features of the interaction of the ECM with macrophages. We still have a limited understanding of the macrophage behavior upon interaction with disordered nanotopography, especially with features smaller than 10 nm. Here, we combine atomic force microscopy (AFM), finite element modeling (FEM), and quantitative biochemical approaches in order to understand the mechanotransduction from the nanostructured surface into cellular responses. AFM experiments show a decrease of macrophage stiffness, measured with the Young's modulus, as a biomechanical response to a nanostructured (ns-) ZrOx surface. FEM experiments suggest that ZrOx surfaces with increasing roughness represent weaker mechanical boundary conditions. The mechanical cues from the substrate are transduced into the cell through the formation of integrin-regulated focal adhesions and cytoskeletal reorganization, which, in turn, modulate cell biomechanics by downregulating cell stiffness. Surface nanotopography and consequent biomechanical response impact the overall behavior of macrophages by increasing movement and phagocytic ability without significantly influencing their inflammatory behavior. Our study suggests a strong potential of surface nanotopography for the regulation of macrophage functions, which implies a prospective application relative to coating technology for biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Huo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Javad Harati
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ajinkya Nene
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Francesca Borghi
- CIMaINa and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- CIMaINa and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMaINa and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Shifeng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80122 Napoli, Italy
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5
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Wang S, Ma S, Li H, Dao M, Li X, Karniadakis GE. Two-component macrophage model for active phagocytosis with pseudopod formation. Biophys J 2024; 123:1069-1084. [PMID: 38532625 PMCID: PMC11079866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage phagocytosis is critical for the immune response, homeostasis regulation, and tissue repair. This intricate process involves complex changes in cell morphology, cytoskeletal reorganization, and various receptor-ligand interactions controlled by mechanical constraints. However, there is a lack of comprehensive theoretical and computational models that investigate the mechanical process of phagocytosis in the context of cytoskeletal rearrangement. To address this issue, we propose a novel coarse-grained mesoscopic model that integrates a fluid-like cell membrane and a cytoskeletal network to study the dynamic phagocytosis process. The growth of actin filaments results in the formation of long and thin pseudopods, and the initial cytoskeleton can be disassembled upon target entry and reconstructed after phagocytosis. Through dynamic changes in the cytoskeleton, our macrophage model achieves active phagocytosis by forming a phagocytic cup utilizing pseudopods in two distinct ways. We have developed a new algorithm for modifying membrane area to prevent membrane rupture and ensure sufficient surface area during phagocytosis. In addition, the bending modulus, shear stiffness, and cortical tension of the macrophage model are investigated through computation of the axial force for the tubular structure and micropipette aspiration. With this model, we simulate active phagocytosis at the cytoskeletal level and investigate the mechanical process during the dynamic interplay between macrophage and target particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuhao Ma
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - He Li
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ming Dao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xuejin Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Szigeti K, Ihnatovych I, Notari E, Dorn RP, Maly I, He M, Birkaya B, Prasad S, Byrne RS, Indurthi DC, Nimmer E, Heo Y, Retfalvi K, Chaves L, Sule N, Hofmann WA, Auerbach A, Wilding G, Bae Y, Reynolds J. CHRFAM7A diversifies human immune adaption through Ca 2+ signalling and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105093. [PMID: 38569318 PMCID: PMC10999709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human restricted genes contribute to human specific traits in the immune system. CHRFAM7A, a uniquely human fusion gene, is a negative regulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), the highest Ca2+ conductor of the ACh receptors implicated in innate immunity. Understanding the mechanism of how CHRFAM7A affects the immune system remains unexplored. METHODS Two model systems are used, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and human primary monocytes, to characterize α7 nAChR function, Ca2+ dynamics and decoders to elucidate the pathway from receptor to phenotype. FINDINGS CHRFAM7A/α7 nAChR is identified as a hypomorphic receptor with mitigated Ca2+ influx and prolonged channel closed state. This shifts the Ca2+ reservoir from the extracellular space to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to Ca2+ dynamic changes. Ca2+ decoder small GTPase Rac1 is then activated, reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton. Observed actin mediated phenotypes include cellular adhesion, motility, phagocytosis and tissue mechanosensation. INTERPRETATION CHRFAM7A introduces an additional, human specific, layer to Ca2+ regulation leading to an innate immune gain of function. Through the actin cytoskeleton it drives adaptation to the mechanical properties of the tissue environment leading to an ability to invade previously immune restricted niches. Human genetic diversity predicts profound translational significance as its understanding builds the foundation for successful treatments for infectious diseases, sepsis, and cancer metastasis. FUNDING This work is supported in part by the Community Foundation for Greater Buffalo (Kinga Szigeti) and in part by NIH grant R01HL163168 (Yongho Bae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Szigeti
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| | - Ivanna Ihnatovych
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Emily Notari
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ryu P Dorn
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ivan Maly
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Muye He
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Barbara Birkaya
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Shreyas Prasad
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Robin Schwartz Byrne
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Dinesh C Indurthi
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Erik Nimmer
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Yuna Heo
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Kolos Retfalvi
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Lee Chaves
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Norbert Sule
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Wilma A Hofmann
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Anthony Auerbach
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Gregory Wilding
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Yongho Bae
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jessica Reynolds
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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7
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Omer S, Li J, Yang CX, Harrison RE. Ninein promotes F-actin cup formation and inward phagosome movement during phagocytosis in macrophages. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar26. [PMID: 38117588 PMCID: PMC10916867 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis by macrophages is a highly polarized process to destroy large target cells. Binding to particles induces extensive cortical actin-generated forces that drive the formation of elaborate pseudopods around the target particle. Postinternalization, the resultant phagosome is driven toward the cell interior on microtubules (MTs) by cytoplasmic dynein. However, it is unclear whether dynein and cargo-adaptors contribute to the earlier steps of particle internalization and phagosome formation. Here we reveal that ninein, a MT minus-end-associated protein that localizes to the centrosome, is also present at the phagocytic cup in macrophages. Ninein depletion impairs particle internalization by delaying the early F-actin recruitment to sites of particle engagement and cup formation, with no impact on F-actin dynamics beyond this initial step. Ninein forms membrane-bound clusters on phagocytic cups that do not nucleate acentrosomal MTs but instead mediate the assembly of dynein-dynactin complex at active phagocytic membranes. Both ninein depletion and pharmacological inhibition of dynein activity reduced inward displacement of bound particles into macrophages. We found that ninein and dynein motor activity were required for timely retrograde movement of phagosomes and for phagolysosome formation. Taken together, these data show that ninein, alone and with dynein, play significant roles during phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Omer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
| | - Jiahao Li
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
| | - Claire X. Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
| | - Rene E. Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
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8
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Baz AA, Hao H, Lan S, Li Z, Liu S, Chen S, Chu Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps in bacterial infections and evasion strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357967. [PMID: 38433838 PMCID: PMC10906519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that have a vital role in host defense systems. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are one of neutrophils' defense mechanisms against pathogens. NETs comprise an ejected lattice of chromatin associated with histones, granular proteins, and cytosolic proteins. They are thought to be an efficient strategy to capture and/or kill bacteria and received intensive research interest in the recent years. However, soon after NETs were identified, it was observed that certain bacteria were able to evade NET entrapment through many different mechanisms. Here, we outline the recent progress of NETs in bacterial infections and the strategies employed by bacteria to evade or withstand NETs. Identifying the molecules and mechanisms that modulate NET release will improve our understanding of the functions of NETs in infections and provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adel Baz
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Huafang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shimei Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Jo S, Fischer BR, Cronin NM, Nurmalasari NPD, Loyd YM, Kerkvliet JG, Bailey EM, Anderson RB, Scott BL, Hoppe AD. Antibody surface mobility amplifies FcγR signaling via Arp2/3 during phagocytosis. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00094-8. [PMID: 38321740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We report herein that the anti-CD20 therapeutic antibody, rituximab, is rearranged into microclusters within the phagocytic synapse by macrophage Fcγ receptors (FcγR) during antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. These microclusters were observed to potently recruit Syk and to undergo rearrangements that were limited by the cytoskeleton of the target cell, with depolymerization of target-cell actin filaments leading to modest increases in phagocytic efficiency. Total internal reflection fluorescence analysis revealed that FcγR total phosphorylation, Syk phosphorylation, and Syk recruitment were enhanced when IgG-FcγR microclustering was enabled on fluid bilayers relative to immobile bilayers in a process that required Arp2/3. We conclude that on fluid surfaces, IgG-FcγR microclustering promotes signaling through Syk that is amplified by Arp2/3-driven actin rearrangements. Thus, the surface mobility of antigens bound by IgG shapes the signaling of FcγR with an unrecognized complexity beyond the zipper and trigger models of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwan Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota; BioSNTRii, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Brady R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota; BioSNTRii, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Nicholas M Cronin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota; BioSNTRii, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Ni Putu Dewi Nurmalasari
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota; BioSNTRii, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota
| | - Yoseph M Loyd
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota; BioSNTRii, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota
| | - Jason G Kerkvliet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota; BioSNTRii, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Elizabeth M Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota; BioSNTRii, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Robert B Anderson
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota; BioSNTRii, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota
| | - Brandon L Scott
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota; BioSNTRii, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota
| | - Adam D Hoppe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota; BioSNTRii, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota.
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10
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Isenberg JS, Montero E. Tolerating CD47. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1584. [PMID: 38362603 PMCID: PMC10870051 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) occupies the outer membrane of human cells, where it binds to soluble and cell surface receptors on the same and other cells, sculpting their topography and resulting in a pleiotropic receptor-multiligand interaction network. It is a focus of drug development to temper and accentuate CD47-driven immune cell liaisons, although consideration of on-target CD47 effects remain neglected. And yet, a late clinical trial of a CD47-blocking antibody was discontinued, existent trials were restrained, and development of CD47-targeting agents halted by some pharmaceutical companies. At this point, if CD47 can be exploited for clinical advantage remains to be determined. Herein an airing is made of the seemingly conflicting actions of CD47 that reflect its position as a junction connecting receptors and signalling pathways that impact numerous human cell types. Prospects of CD47 boosting and blocking are considered along with potential therapeutic implications for autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Isenberg
- Department of Diabetes Complications & MetabolismArthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research InstituteCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Enrique Montero
- Department of Molecular & Cellular EndocrinologyArthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research InstituteCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
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11
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Giusti V, Kaur G, Giusto E, Civiero L. Brain clearance of protein aggregates: a close-up on astrocytes. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:5. [PMID: 38229094 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding and accumulation defines a prevailing feature of many neurodegenerative disorders, finally resulting in the formation of toxic intra- and extracellular aggregates. Intracellular aggregates can enter the extracellular space and be subsequently transferred among different cell types, thus spreading between connected brain districts.Although microglia perform a predominant role in the removal of extracellular aggregated proteins, mounting evidence suggests that astrocytes actively contribute to the clearing process. However, the molecular mechanisms used by astrocytes to remove misfolded proteins are still largely unknown.Here we first provide a brief overview of the progressive transition from soluble monomers to insoluble fibrils that characterizes amyloid proteins, referring to α-Synuclein and Tau as archetypical examples. We then highlight the mechanisms at the basis of astrocyte-mediated clearance with a focus on their potential ability to recognize, collect, internalize and digest extracellular protein aggregates. Finally, we explore the potential of targeting astrocyte-mediated clearance as a future therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by protein misfolding and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gurkirat Kaur
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Laura Civiero
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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12
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Azadi M, David AE. Enhancing Ocular Drug Delivery: The Effect of Physicochemical Properties of Nanoparticles on the Mechanism of Their Uptake by Human Cornea Epithelial Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:429-441. [PMID: 38055935 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of nanoparticle size and surface chemistry on interactions of the nanoparticles with human cornea epithelial cells (HCECs). Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were synthesized using the emulsion-solvent evaporation method and surface modified with mucoadhesive (alginate [ALG] and chitosan [CHS]) and mucopenetrative (polyethylene glycol [PEG]) polymers. Particles were found to be monodisperse (polydispersity index (PDI) below 0.2), spherical, and with size and zeta potential ranging from 100 to 250 nm and from -25 to +15 mV, respectively. Evaluation of cytotoxicity with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that incubating cells with nanoparticles for 24 h at concentrations up to 100 μg/mL caused only mild toxicity (70-100% cell viability). Cellular uptake studies were conducted using an in vitro model developed with a monolayer of HCECs integrated with simulated mucosal solution. Evaluation of nanoparticle uptake revealed that energy-dependent endocytosis is the primary uptake mechanism. Among the different nanoparticles studied, 100 nm PLGA NPs and PEG-PLGA-150 NPs showed the highest levels of uptake by HCECs. Additionally, uptake studies in the presence of various inhibitors suggested that macropinocytosis and caveolae-mediated endocytosis are the dominant pathways. While clathrin-mediated endocytosis was found to also be partially responsible for nanoparticle uptake, phagocytosis did not play a role within the studied ranges of size and surface chemistries. These important findings could lead to improved nanoparticle-based formulations that could improve therapies for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Azadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Allan E David
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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13
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Jasper AE, Faniyi AA, Davis LC, Grudzinska FS, Halston R, Hazeldine J, Parekh D, Sapey E, Thickett DR, Scott A. E-cigarette vapor renders neutrophils dysfunctional due to filamentous actin accumulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:320-329.e8. [PMID: 37678576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use continues to rise despite concerns of long-term effects, especially the risk of developing lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Neutrophils are central to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with changes in phenotype and function implicated in tissue damage. OBJECTIVE We sought to measure the impact of direct exposure to nicotine-containing and nicotine-free e-cigarette vapor on human neutrophil function and phenotype. METHODS Neutrophils were isolated from the whole blood of self-reported nonsmoking, nonvaping healthy volunteers. Neutrophils were exposed to 40 puffs of e-cigarette vapor generated from e-cigarette devices using flavorless e-cigarette liquids with and without nicotine before functions, deformability, and phenotype were assessed. RESULTS Neutrophil surface marker expression was altered, with CD62L and CXCR2 expression significantly reduced in neutrophils treated with e-cigarette vapor containing nicotine. Neutrophil migration to IL-8, phagocytosis of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus pHrodo bioparticles, oxidative burst response, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated neutrophil extracellular trap formation were all significantly reduced by e-cigarette vapor treatments, independent of nicotine content. E-cigarette vapor induced increased levels of baseline polymerized filamentous actin levels in the cytoplasm, compared with untreated controls. CONCLUSIONS The significant reduction in effector neutrophil functions after exposure to high-power e-cigarette devices, even in the absence of nicotine, is associated with excessive filamentous actin polymerization. This highlights the potentially damaging impact of vaping on respiratory health and reinforces the urgency of research to uncover the long-term health implications of e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Jasper
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aduragbemi A Faniyi
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren C Davis
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Frances S Grudzinska
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Halston
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; PIONEER HDR-UK Hub in Acute Care, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David R Thickett
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Scott
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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14
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Rajgopal S, Nakano K, Cook LM. Beyond the horizon: Neutrophils leading the way in the evolution of immunotherapy. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21885-21904. [PMID: 38062888 PMCID: PMC10757139 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and dynamic disease, initiated by a multitude of intrinsic mutations and progressed with the assistance of the tissue microenvironment, encompassed by stromal cells including immune cell infiltration. The novel finding that tumors can evade anti-cancer immune functions shaped the field of immunotherapy, which has been a revolutionary approach for the treatment of cancers. However, the development of predominantly T cell-targeted immunotherapy approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibition, also brought about an accumulation of evidence demonstrating other immune cell drivers of tumor progression, such as innate immune cells and notably, neutrophils. In the past decade, neutrophils have emerged to be primary mediators of multiple cancer types and even in recent years, are gaining attention for their potential use in the next generation of immunotherapies. Here, we review current immunotherapy strategies and thoroughly discuss the roles of neutrophils in cancer and novel neutrophil-targeted methods for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Rajgopal
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and AnatomyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Kosuke Nakano
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Leah M. Cook
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
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15
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Fulton DA, Dura G, Peters DT. The polymer and materials science of the bacterial fimbriae Caf1. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7229-7246. [PMID: 37791425 PMCID: PMC10628683 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Fimbriae are long filamentous polymeric protein structures located upon the surface of bacteria. Often implicated in pathogenicity, the biosynthesis and function of fimbriae has been a productive topic of study for many decades. Evolutionary pressures have ensured that fimbriae possess unique structural and mechanical properties which are advantageous to bacteria. These properties are also difficult to engineer with well-known synthetic and natural fibres, and this has raised an intriguing question: can we exploit the unique properties of bacterial fimbriae in useful ways? Initial work has set out to explore this question by using Capsular antigen fragment 1 (Caf1), a fimbriae expressed naturally by Yersina pestis. These fibres have evolved to 'shield' the bacterium from the immune system of an infected host, and thus are rather bioinert in nature. Caf1 is, however, very amenable to structural mutagenesis which allows the incorporation of useful bioactive functions and the modulation of the fibre's mechanical properties. Its high-yielding recombinant synthesis also ensures plentiful quantities of polymer are available to drive development. These advantageous features make Caf1 an archetype for the development of new polymers and materials based upon bacterial fimbriae. Here, we cover recent advances in this new field, and look to future possibilities of this promising biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Fulton
- Chemistry-School of Natural Science and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Gema Dura
- Chemistry-School of Natural Science and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Orgánica y Bioquímica Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICAAvda, C. J. Cela, 10, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Daniel T Peters
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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16
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Van der Meeren L, Efimova I, Demuynck R, Parakhonskiy B, Krysko DV, Skirtach AG. Mechanobiology of Ferroptotic Cancer Cells as a Novel "Eat-Me" Signal: Regulating Efferocytosis through Layer-by-Layer Coating. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301025. [PMID: 37273241 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the clearance of dead cells is shown to have a regulatory role for normal tissue homeostasis and for the modulation of immune responses. However, how mechanobiological properties of dead cells affect efferocytosis remains largely unknown. Here, it is reported that the Young's modulus of cancer cells undergoing ferroptosis is reduced. To modulate their Young's modulus a layer-by-layer (LbL) nanocoating is developed. Scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy confirm coating efficiency of ferroptotic cells while atomic force microscopy reveals encapsulation of the dead cells increases their Young's modulus dependent on the number of applied LbL layers which increases their efferocytosis by primary macrophages. This work demonstrates the crucial role of mechanobiology of dead cells in regulating their efferocytosis by macrophages which can be exploited for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diseases where modulation of efferocytosis can be potentially beneficial and for the design of drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-BioTechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Robin Demuynck
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Bogdan Parakhonskiy
- Nano-BioTechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-BioTechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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17
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Liu Y, Suarez-Arnedo A, Riley L, Miley T, Xia J, Segura T. Spatial Confinement Modulates Macrophage Response in Microporous Annealed Particle (MAP) Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300823. [PMID: 37165945 PMCID: PMC10592513 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential in the initiation, maintenance, and transition of inflammatory processes such as foreign body response and wound healing. Mounting evidence suggests that physical factors also modulate macrophage activation. 2D in vitro systems demonstrate that constraining macrophages to small areas or channels modulates their phenotypes and changes their responses to known inflammatory agents such as lipopolysaccharide. However, how dimensionality and pore size affect macrophage phenotype is less explored. In this work, the change in macrophage M1/M2 polarization when confined in microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds is studied. Particles sizes (40, 70, and 130 µm) are selected using outputs from software LOVAMAP that analyzes the characteristics of 3D pores in MAP gels. As the size of building block particle correlates with pore size inside the scaffolds, the three types of scaffold allow us to study how the degree of spatial confinement modulates the behavior of embedded macrophages. Spatially confining macrophages in scaffolds with pore size on the scale of cells leads to a reduced level of the inflammatory response, which is correlated with a change in cell morphology and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | | | - Lindsay Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | - Tasman Miley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | - Jingyi Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
- Clinical Science Departments of Neurology and Dermatology, Duke University
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18
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Winer BY, Settle AH, Yakimov AM, Jeronimo C, Lazarov T, Tipping M, Saoi M, Sawh A, Sepp ALL, Galiano M, Wong YY, Perry JSA, Geissmann F, Cross J, Zhou T, Kam LC, Pasoli HA, Hohl T, Cyster JG, Weiner OD, Huse M. Plasma membrane abundance dictates phagocytic capacity and functional crosstalk in myeloid cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.556572. [PMID: 37745515 PMCID: PMC10515848 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.556572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Professional phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages tightly control what they eat, how much they eat, and when they move after eating. We show that plasma membrane abundance is a key arbiter of these cellular behaviors. Neutrophils and macrophages lacking the G-protein subunit Gb4 exhibit profound plasma membrane expansion due to enhanced production of sphingolipids. This increased membrane allocation dramatically enhances phagocytosis of bacteria, fungus, apoptotic corpses, and cancer cells. Gb4 deficient neutrophils are also defective in the normal inhibition of migration following cargo uptake. In Gb4 knockout mice, myeloid cells exhibit enhanced phagocytosis of inhaled fungal conidia in the lung but also increased trafficking of engulfed pathogens to other organs. These results reveal an unexpected, biophysical control mechanism lying at the heart of myeloid functional decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander H Settle
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Carlos Jeronimo
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Murray Tipping
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Saoi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna-Liisa L Sepp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Galiano
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Yung Yu Wong
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Cross
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilda Amalia Pasoli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Hohl
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Orion D Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
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19
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Rajabalee N, Siushansian H, Weerapura M, Berton S, Berbatovci F, Hooks B, Geoffrion M, Yang D, Harper ME, Rayner K, Blais A, Sun J. ATF2 orchestrates macrophage differentiation and activation to promote antibacterial responses. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:280-298. [PMID: 37403209 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation and activation of macrophages are critical regulatory programs that are central to host inflammation and pathogen defense. However, the transcriptional regulatory pathways involved in these programs are not well understood. Herein, we demonstrate that the activity and expression of the transcription factor ATF2 is precisely regulated during primary human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and that its activation is linked to M1 polarization and antibacterial responses. Genetic perturbation experiments demonstrated that deletion of ATF2 (THP-ΔATF2) resulted in irregular and abnormal macrophage morphology, whereas macrophages overexpressing ATF2 (THP-ATF2) developed round and pancake-like morphology, resembling classically activated (M1) macrophages. Mechanistically, we show that ATF2 binds to the core promoter of PPM1A, a phosphatase that regulates monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, to regulate its expression. Functionally, overexpression of ATF2 sensitized macrophages to M1 polarization, resulting in increased production of major histocompatibility complex class II, IL-1β, and IP-10; improved phagocytic capacity; and enhanced control of the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Gene expression profiling revealed that overexpression of ATF2 reprogramed macrophages to promote antibacterial pathways enriched in chemokine signaling, metabolism, and antigen presentation. Consistent with pathways analysis, metabolic profiling revealed that genetic overexpression or stimuli-induced activation of ATF2 alters the metabolic capacity of macrophages and primes these cells for glycolytic metabolism during M1 polarization or bacterial infection. Our findings reveal that ATF2 plays a central role during macrophage differentiation and M1 polarization to enhance the functional capacities of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrah Rajabalee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hannah Siushansian
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Milani Weerapura
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stefania Berton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Fjolla Berbatovci
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Breana Hooks
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Michele Geoffrion
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Dabo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Katey Rayner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jim Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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20
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Pal K, Kundu S, Wang X. Macrophages form integrin-mediated adhesion rings to pinch off surface-bound objects for phagocytosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.01.551462. [PMID: 37577702 PMCID: PMC10418108 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages engulf micron-sized objects including pathogens and cell debris by phagocytosis, serving a fundamental role in immune defense and homeostasis 1, 2 . Although the internalization process of suspended particles has been thoroughly investigated 3, 4 , it is incompletely understood how macrophages internalize surface-bound objects by overcoming the surface binding. Here, we prepared a force-sensing platform which visualizes cell-substrate adhesive force by fluorescence. Macrophages are tested on this platform with micron-sized objects (E. coli, microbeads and silver nanorods) immobilized. By co-imaging integrin-transmitted forces and corresponding structural proteins, we discovered that macrophages consistently form integrin-mediated adhesion structures on the surface to encircle and pinch off surface-bound objects. We termed these structures phagocytic adhesion rings (PAR) and showed that integrin tensions in PARs are resulted from local actin polymerization, but not from myosin II. We further demonstrated that the intensity of integrin tensions in PARs is correlated with the object surface-bound strength, and the integrin ligand strength (dictating the upper limit of integrin tensions) determines the phagocytosis efficiency. Collectively, this study revealed a new phagocytosis mechanism that macrophages form PARs to provide physical anchorage for local F-actin polymerization that pushes and lifts off surface-bound objects during phagocytosis.
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21
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Swanson JA. Macropinocytosis: Blowing bubbles. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R812-R814. [PMID: 37552948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which cells engulf relatively large quantities of extracellular fluid through cup-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane. New work shows that macropinosome closure occurs without a localized constriction of actin filaments, indicating that membrane tension drives cup closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA.
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22
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Yang SS, Simtchouk S, Gibon J, Klegeris A. Regulation of the phagocytic activity of astrocytes by neuroimmune mediators endogenous to the central nervous system. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289169. [PMID: 37498903 PMCID: PMC10374099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The phagocytic activity of glial cells is essential for maintaining normal brain activity, and its dysfunction may contribute to the central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. Phagocytic activity is one of the well-established neuroimmune functions of microglia. Although emerging evidence indicates that astrocytes can also function as CNS phagocytes in humans and rodents, limited information is available about the molecular mechanism regulating this function. To address this knowledge gap, we studied modulation of the phagocytic activity of human U118 MG astrocytic cells and murine primary astrocytes by four CNS inflammatory mediators and bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS and cytochrome c (CytC) upregulated, while interferon (IFN)-γ downregulated, phagocytosis of latex beads by human astrocytic cells and phagocytosis of synaptosomes by murine primary astrocytes. Interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α had no effect on the phagocytic activity of human astrocytic cells but upregulated this function in murine astrocytes. Varying effects of combinations of the above inflammatory mediators were observed in these two cell types. LPS- and CytC-induced phagocytic activity of human astrocytic cells was partially mediated by activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). By monitoring other functions of astrocytes, we concluded there were no correlations between the effects of the mediators studied on astrocyte phagocytic activity and their secretion of cytokines, cytotoxins, or glutamate. Our study identified four candidate CNS regulators of astrocyte phagocytic activity. Future investigation of molecular mechanisms behind this regulation could identify novel therapeutic targets allowing modulation of this astrocyte-mediated clearance mechanism in CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Shirley Yang
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Svetlana Simtchouk
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julien Gibon
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Gonciarz W, Piątczak E, Chmiela M. The influence of Salvia cadmica Boiss. extracts on the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages primed with Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide in conjunction with NF-kappa B activation, production of cytokines, phagocytic activity and total DNA methylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116386. [PMID: 36921911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The large number of secondary derivatives have been isolated from the genus Salvia with about 700 species, and used in the pharmacopoeia throughout the world. Various biological properties of Salvia formulations have been reported including as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypotensive, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-cancer, and skin curative. Salvia cadmica Boiss. root and aerial part extracts enriched with polyphenols are bactericidal towards gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and diminish deleterious effects induced by Hp lipopolysaccharide (LPS) towards gastric epithelial cells. AIM OF THIS STUDY To examine the influence of S. cadmica extracts on the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages primed with Hp LPS vs standard LPS Escherichia coli (Ec), and the macrophage cytokine as well as phagocytic activity, which are affected during Hp infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Macrophages derived from THP-1 human monocytes primed with LPS Hp/Ec and/or S. cadmica extracts, were examined for the biomarkers of activation (surface, cytoplasmic or soluble), and phagocytic capacity. The bone marrow macrophages of Caviaporcellus were used to determine the engulfment of Hp. RESULTS Priming of THP-1 cells (24h) with LPS Hp/Ec resulted in polarization of M1 macrophages, activation of nuclear factor kappa B, secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, macrophage chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, immunoregulatory IL-10, and production of reactive oxygen species. These effects were diminished after restimulation of cells with S. cadmica extracts. THP-1 macrophages exposed to studied extracts showed an increased phagocytic capacity, in conjunction with elevated CD11b/CD11d expression and enhanced production of inducible nitric oxide synthase. They also increased Hp engulfment by bone marrow macrophages. These effects were not related to a global DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS S. cadmica extracts possess an immunomodulating activity, which might be useful in control of H. pylori LPS driven activity of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Piątczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1 St., 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
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24
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Hu Y, Li H, Wang W, Sun F, Wu C, Chen W, Liu Z. Molecular Force Imaging Reveals That Integrin-Dependent Mechanical Checkpoint Regulates Fcγ-Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis in Macrophages. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37289965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a type of immune cell that helps eliminate pathogens and diseased cells. Recent research has shown that macrophages can sense mechanical cues from potential targets to perform effective phagocytosis, but the mechanisms behind it remain unclear. In this study, we used DNA-based tension probes to study the role of integrin-mediated forces in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. The results showed that when the phagocytic receptor FcγR is activated, the force-bearing integrins create a "mechanical barrier" that physically excludes the phosphatase CD45 and facilitates phagocytosis. However, if the integrin-mediated forces are physically restricted at lower levels or if the macrophage is on a soft matrix, CD45 exclusion is significantly reduced. Moreover, CD47-SIRPα "don't eat me" signaling can reduce CD45 segregation by inhibiting the mechanical stability of the integrin barrier. These findings demonstrate how macrophages use molecular forces to identify physical properties and combine them with biochemical signals from phagocytic receptors to guide phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Wu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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25
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Cheng W, Fukuda M, Kim S, Liu Y, Chen X, Holmes C, Li Y, Chung H, Ren Y, Guan J. Osmotically Rupturing Phagosomes in Macrophages Using PNIPAM Microparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24244-24256. [PMID: 37186785 PMCID: PMC10426762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The rupture of macrophage phagosomes has been implicated in various human diseases and plays a critical role in immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are complex and not yet fully understood. This study describes the development of a robust engineering method for rupturing phagosomes based on a well-defined mechanism. The method utilizes microfabricated microparticles composed of uncrosslinked linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as phagocytic objects. These microparticles are internalized into phagosomes at 37 °C. By exposing the cells to a cold shock at 0 °C, the vast majority of the microparticle-containing phagosomes rupture. The percentage of phagosomal rupture decreases with the increase of the cold-shock temperature. The osmotic pressure in the phagosomes and the tension in the phagosomal membrane are calculated using the Flory-Huggins theory and the Young-Laplace equation. The modeling results indicate that the osmotic pressure generated by dissolved microparticles is probably responsible for phagosomal rupture, are consistent with the experimentally observed dependence of phagosomal rupture on the cold-shock temperature, and suggest the existence of a cellular mechanism for resisting phagosomal rupture. Moreover, the effects of various factors including hypotonic shock, chloroquine, tetrandrine, colchicine, and l-leucyl-l-leucine O-methyl ester (LLOMe) on phagosomal rupture have been studied with this method. The results further support that the osmotic pressure generated by the dissolved microparticles causes phagosomal rupture and demonstrated usefulness of this method for studying phagosomal rupture. This method can be further developed, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding of phagosomal rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Masahiro Fukuda
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Sundol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Hoyong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4370, USA
| | - Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
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Körber S, Junemann A, Litschko C, Winterhoff M, Faix J. Convergence of Ras- and Rac-regulated formin pathways is pivotal for phagosome formation and particle uptake in Dictyostelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220825120. [PMID: 36897976 PMCID: PMC10243128 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220825120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroendocytosis comprising phagocytosis and macropinocytosis is an actin-driven process regulated by small GTPases that depend on the dynamic reorganization of the membrane that protrudes and internalizes extracellular material by cup-shaped structures. To effectively capture, enwrap, and internalize their targets, these cups are arranged into a peripheral ring or ruffle of protruding actin sheets emerging from an actin-rich, nonprotrusive zone at its base. Despite extensive knowledge of the mechanism driving actin assembly of the branched network at the protrusive cup edge, which is initiated by the actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex downstream of Rac signaling, our understanding of actin assembly in the base is still incomplete. In the Dictyostelium model system, the Ras-regulated formin ForG was previously shown to specifically contribute to actin assembly at the cup base. Loss of ForG is associated with a strongly impaired macroendocytosis and a 50% reduction in F-actin content at the base of phagocytic cups, in turn indicating the presence of additional factors that specifically contribute to actin formation at the base. Here, we show that ForG synergizes with the Rac-regulated formin ForB to form the bulk of linear filaments at the cup base. Consistently, combined loss of both formins virtually abolishes cup formation and leads to severe defects of macroendocytosis, emphasizing the relevance of converging Ras- and Rac-regulated formin pathways in assembly of linear filaments in the cup base, which apparently provide mechanical support to the entire structure. Remarkably, we finally show that active ForB, unlike ForG, additionally drives phagosome rocketing to aid particle internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Körber
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Junemann
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625Hannover, Germany
| | - Christof Litschko
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Winterhoff
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625Hannover, Germany
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27
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Tischenko K, Brill-Karniely Y, Steinberg E, Segev-Yekutiel H, Benny O. Surface physical cues mediate the uptake of foreign particles by cancer cells. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:016113. [PMID: 36960390 PMCID: PMC10030191 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer phenotypes are often associated with changes in the mechanical states of cells and their microenvironments. Numerous studies have established correlations between cancer cell malignancy and cell deformability at the single-cell level. The mechanical deformation of cells is required for the internalization of large colloidal particles. Compared to normal epithelial cells, cancer cells show higher capacities to distort their shapes during the engulfment of external particles, thus performing phagocytic-like processes more efficiently. This link between cell deformability and particle uptake suggests that the cell's adherence state may affect this particle uptake, as cells become stiffer when plated on a more rigid substrate and vice versa. Based on this, we hypothesized that cancer cells of the same origin, which are subjected to external mechanical cues through attachment to surfaces with varying rigidities, may express different capacities to uptake foreign particles. The effects of substrate rigidity on cancer cell uptake of inert particles (0.8 and 2.4 μm) were examined using surfaces with physiologically relevant rigidities (from 0.5 to 64 kPa). Our data demonstrate a wave-like ("meandering") dependence of cell uptake on the rigidity of the culture substrate explained by a superposition of opposing physical and biological effects. The uptake patterns were inversely correlated with the expression of phosphorylated paxillin, indicating that the initial passive particle absorbance is the primary limiting step toward complete uptake. Overall, our findings may provide a foundation for mechanical rationalization of particle uptake design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tischenko
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001 Israel
| | - Yifat Brill-Karniely
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001 Israel
| | - Eliana Steinberg
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001 Israel
| | - Hadas Segev-Yekutiel
- The Core Research Facility, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001 Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001 Israel
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28
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Morphological Evidence for Novel Roles of Microtubules in Macrophage Phagocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021373. [PMID: 36674886 PMCID: PMC9866147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the phagocytic activity of macrophages has long been studied, the involvement of microtubules in the process is not well understood. In this study, we improved the fixation protocol and revealed a dynamically rearranging microtubule network in macrophages, consisting of a basal meshwork, thick bundles at the cell edge, and astral microtubules. Some astral microtubules extended beneath the cell cortex and continued to form bundles at the cell edge. These microtubule assemblies were mutually exclusive of actin accumulation during membrane ruffling. Although the stabilization of microtubules with paclitaxel did not affect the resting stage of the macrophages, it reduced the phagocytic activity and membrane ruffling of macrophages activated with serum-MAF, which induced rapid phagocytosis. In contrast, the destabilization of microtubules with nocodazole enhanced membrane ruffling and the internalization of phagocytic targets suggesting an inhibitory effect of the microtubule network on the remodeling of the actin network. Meanwhile, the microtubule network was necessary for phagosome maturation. Our detailed analyses of cytoskeletal filaments suggest a phagocytosis control system involving Ca2+ influx, the destabilization of microtubules, and activation of actin network remodeling, followed by the translocation and acidification of phagosomes on the microtubule bundles.
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29
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Lin X, Krishnamoorthy P, Walker EC, Joshi H, Morley SC. Expression of non-phosphorylatable S5A-L-plastin exerts phenotypes distinct from L-plastin deficiency during podosome formation and phagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1020091. [PMID: 37138794 PMCID: PMC10150066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The actin cytoskeleton remodels to enable diverse processes essential to immunity, such as cell adhesion, migration and phagocytosis. A panoply of actin-binding proteins regulate these rapid rearrangements to induce actin-based shape changes and to generate force. L-plastin (LPL) is a leukocyte-specific, actin-bundling protein that is regulated in part by phosphorylation of the Ser-5 residue. LPL deficiency in macrophages impairs motility, but not phagocytosis; we recently found that expression of LPL in which the S5 residue is converted to a non-phosphorylatable alanine (S5A-LPL) resulted in diminished phagocytosis, but unimpaired motility. Methods: To provide mechanistic insight into these findings, we now compare the formation of podosomes (an adhesive structure) and phagosomes in alveolar macrophages derived from wild-type (WT), LPL-deficient, or S5A-LPL mice. Both podosomes and phagosomes require rapid remodeling of actin, and both are force-transmitting. Actin rearrangement, force generation, and signaling rely upon recruitment of many actin-binding proteins, including the adaptor protein vinculin and the integrin-associated kinase Pyk2. Prior work suggested that vinculin localization to podosomes was independent of LPL, while Pyk2 was displaced by LPL deficiency. We therefore chose to compare vinculin and Pyk2 co-localization with F-actin at sites of adhesion of phagocytosis in AMs derived from WT, S5A-LPL or LPL-/- mice, using Airyscan confocal microscopy. Results: As described previously, podosome stability was significantly disrupted by LPL deficiency. In contrast, LPL was dispensable for phagocytosis and was not recruited to phagosomes. Recruitment of vinculin to sites of phagocytosis was significantly enhanced in cells lacking LPL. Expression of S5A-LPL impeded phagocytosis, with reduced appearance of ingested bacteria-vinculin aggregates. Discussion: Our systematic analysis of the regulation of LPL during podosome vs. phagosome formation illuminates essential remodeling of actin during key immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Emma C. Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sharon Celeste Morley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Sharon Celeste Morley,
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30
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Shi J, Wu X, Wang Z, Li F, Meng Y, Moore RM, Cui J, Xue C, Croce KR, Yurdagul A, Doench JG, Li W, Zarbalis KS, Tabas I, Yamamoto A, Zhang H. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies WDFY3 as a regulator of macrophage efferocytosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7929. [PMID: 36566259 PMCID: PMC9789999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic clearance of dying cells, termed efferocytosis, is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet our understanding of efferocytosis regulation remains incomplete. Here we perform a FACS-based, genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in primary mouse macrophages to search for novel regulators of efferocytosis. The results show that Wdfy3 knockout in macrophages specifically impairs uptake, but not binding, of apoptotic cells due to defective actin disassembly. Additionally, WDFY3 interacts with GABARAP, thus facilitating LC3 lipidation and subsequent lysosomal acidification to permit the degradation of apoptotic cell components. Mechanistically, while the C-terminus of WDFY3 is sufficient to rescue the impaired degradation induced by Wdfy3 knockout, full-length WDFY3 is required to reconstitute the uptake of apoptotic cells. Finally, WDFY3 is also required for efficient efferocytosis in vivo in mice and in vitro in primary human macrophages. This work thus expands our knowledge of the mechanisms of macrophage efferocytosis, as well as supports genome-wide CRISPR screen as a platform for interrogating complex functional phenotypes in primary macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Shi
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xun Wu
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yujiao Meng
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rebecca M Moore
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine R Croce
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Konstantinos S Zarbalis
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Guan J. A Theoretical Model for Phagocytic Capacity of Phagocytes. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU‐FSU College of Engineering Florida State University 2525 Pottsdamer Street Tallahassee FL 32310‐2870 USA
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32
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Francis EA, Xiao H, Teng LH, Heinrich V. Mechanisms of frustrated phagocytic spreading of human neutrophils on antibody-coated surfaces. Biophys J 2022; 121:4714-4728. [PMID: 36242516 PMCID: PMC9748254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex motions of immune cells are an integral part of diapedesis, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and other vital processes. To better understand how immune cells execute such motions, we present a detailed analysis of phagocytic spreading of human neutrophils on flat surfaces functionalized with different densities of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. We visualize the cell-substrate contact region at high resolution and without labels using reflection interference contrast microscopy and quantify how the area, shape, and position of the contact region evolves over time. We find that the likelihood of the cell commitment to spreading strongly depends on the surface density of IgG, but the rate at which the substrate-contact area of spreading cells increases does not. Validated by a theoretical companion study, our results resolve controversial notions about the mechanisms controlling cell spreading, establishing that active forces generated by the cytoskeleton rather than cell-substrate adhesion primarily drive cellular protrusion. Adhesion, on the other hand, aids phagocytic spreading by regulating the cell commitment to spreading, the maximum cell-substrate contact area, and the directional movement of the contact region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmet A Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Hugh Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Lay Heng Teng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Volkmar Heinrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
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33
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Barger SR, Vorselen D, Gauthier NC, Theriot JA, Krendel M. F-actin organization and target constriction during primary macrophage phagocytosis is balanced by competing activity of myosin-I and myosin-II. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:br24. [PMID: 36129777 PMCID: PMC9727803 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-06-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis requires rapid remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton for extension of membrane protrusions and force generation to ultimately drive the engulfment of targets. The detailed mechanisms of phagocytosis have almost exclusively been studied in immortalized cell lines. Here, we make use of high-resolution imaging and novel biophysical approaches to determine the structural and mechanical features of phagocytosis by primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. We find that the signature behavior of these primary cells is distinct from macrophage-like cell lines; specifically, it is gentle, with only weak target constriction and modest polarization of the F-actin distribution inside the phagocytic cup. We show that long-tailed myosins 1e/f are critical for this organization. Deficiency of myo1e/f causes dramatic shifts in F-actin localization, reducing F-actin at the phagocytic cup base and enhancing F-actin-mediated constriction at the cup rim. Surprisingly, these changes can be almost fully reverted upon inhibition of another myosin motor protein, myosin-II. Hence, we show that the biomechanics and large-scale organization of phagocytic cups is tightly regulated through competing contributions from myosin-Ie/f and myosin-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Barger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Daan Vorselen
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.,Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
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34
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Zihni C, Georgiadis A, Ramsden CM, Sanchez-Heras E, Haas AJ, Nommiste B, Semenyuk O, Bainbridge JWB, Coffey PJ, Smith AJ, Ali RR, Balda MS, Matter K. Spatiotemporal control of actomyosin contractility by MRCKβ signaling drives phagocytosis. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213476. [PMID: 36121394 PMCID: PMC9485704 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202012042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis requires actin dynamics, but whether actomyosin contractility plays a role in this morphodynamic process is unclear. Here, we show that in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), particle binding to Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MerTK), a widely expressed phagocytic receptor, stimulates phosphorylation of the Cdc42 GEF Dbl3, triggering activation of MRCKβ/myosin-II and its coeffector N-WASP, membrane deformation, and cup formation. Continued MRCKβ/myosin-II activity then drives recruitment of a mechanosensing bridge, enabling cytoskeletal force transmission, cup closure, and particle internalization. In vivo, MRCKβ is essential for RPE phagocytosis and retinal integrity. MerTK-independent activation of MRCKβ signaling by a phosphomimetic Dbl3 mutant rescues phagocytosis in retinitis pigmentosa RPE cells lacking functional MerTK. MRCKβ is also required for efficient particle translocation from the cortex into the cell body in Fc receptor–mediated phagocytosis. Thus, conserved MRCKβ signaling at the cortex controls spatiotemporal regulation of actomyosin contractility to guide distinct phases of phagocytosis in the RPE and represents the principle phagocytic effector pathway downstream of MerTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceniz Zihni
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anastasios Georgiadis
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Gene and Cell Therapy Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Conor M Ramsden
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alexis J Haas
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Britta Nommiste
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olha Semenyuk
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Gene and Cell Therapy Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James W B Bainbridge
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Gene and Cell Therapy Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter J Coffey
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander J Smith
- Gene and Cell Therapy Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robin R Ali
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Gene and Cell Therapy Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maria S Balda
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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35
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Maheshwari A. The Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Organ-specific Differentiation of Macrophages in the Developing Intestine. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2022; 1:340-355. [PMID: 36698382 PMCID: PMC9872774 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are large highly motile phagocytic leukocytes that appear early during embryonic development and have been conserved during evolution. The developmental roles of macrophages were first described nearly a century ago, at about the time these cells were being identified as central effectors in phagocytosis and elimination of microbes. Since then, we have made considerable progress in understanding the development of various subsets of macrophages and the diverse roles these cells play in both physiology and disease. This article reviews the phylogeny and the ontogeny of macrophages with a particular focus on the gastrointestinal tract, and the role of these mucosal macrophages in immune surveillance, innate immunity, homeostasis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and repair of damaged tissues. We also discuss the importance of these macrophages in the inflammatory changes in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This article presents a combination of our own peer-reviewed clinical and preclinical studies, with an extensive review of the literature using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Maheshwari
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
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36
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Herron JC, Hu S, Liu B, Watanabe T, Hahn KM, Elston TC. Spatial models of pattern formation during phagocytosis. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010092. [PMID: 36190993 PMCID: PMC9560619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, the biological process in which cells ingest large particles such as bacteria, is a key component of the innate immune response. Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated phagocytosis is initiated when these receptors are activated after binding immunoglobulin G (IgG). Receptor activation initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the formation of the phagocytic cup and culminates with ingestion of the foreign particle. In the experimental system termed "frustrated phagocytosis", cells attempt to internalize micropatterned disks of IgG. Cells that engage in frustrated phagocytosis form "rosettes" of actin-enriched structures called podosomes around the IgG disk. The mechanism that generates the rosette pattern is unknown. We present data that supports the involvement of Cdc42, a member of the Rho family of GTPases, in pattern formation. Cdc42 acts downstream of receptor activation, upstream of actin polymerization, and is known to play a role in polarity establishment. Reaction-diffusion models for GTPase spatiotemporal dynamics exist. We demonstrate how the addition of negative feedback and minor changes to these models can generate the experimentally observed rosette pattern of podosomes. We show that this pattern formation can occur through two general mechanisms. In the first mechanism, an intermediate species forms a ring of high activity around the IgG disk, which then promotes rosette organization. The second mechanism does not require initial ring formation but relies on spatial gradients of intermediate chemical species that are selectively activated over the IgG patch. Finally, we analyze the models to suggest experiments to test their validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cody Herron
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shiqiong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Klaus M. Hahn
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy C. Elston
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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37
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Millet N, Solis NV, Aguilar D, Lionakis MS, Wheeler RT, Jendzjowsky N, Swidergall M. IL-23 signaling prevents ferroptosis-driven renal immunopathology during candidiasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5545. [PMID: 36138043 PMCID: PMC9500047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During infection the host relies on pattern-recognition receptors to sense invading fungal pathogens to launch immune defense mechanisms. While fungal recognition and immune effector responses are organ and cell type specific, during disseminated candidiasis myeloid cells exacerbate collateral tissue damage. The β-glucan receptor ephrin type-A 2 receptor (EphA2) is required to initiate mucosal inflammatory responses during oral Candida infection. Here we report that EphA2 promotes renal immunopathology during disseminated candidiasis. EphA2 deficiency leads to reduced renal inflammation and injury. Comprehensive analyses reveal that EphA2 restrains IL-23 secretion from and migration of dendritic cells. IL-23 signaling prevents ferroptotic host cell death during infection to limit inflammation and immunopathology. Further, host cell ferroptosis limits antifungal effector functions via releasing the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal to induce various forms of cell death. Thus, we identify ferroptotic cell death as a critical pathway of Candida-mediated renal immunopathology that opens a new avenue to tackle Candida infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Millet
- grid.239844.00000 0001 0157 6501Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA ,grid.513199.6The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Norma V. Solis
- grid.239844.00000 0001 0157 6501Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA ,grid.513199.6The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Diane Aguilar
- grid.513199.6The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Robert T. Wheeler
- grid.21106.340000000121820794Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME USA
| | - Nicholas Jendzjowsky
- grid.513199.6The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Marc Swidergall
- grid.239844.00000 0001 0157 6501Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA ,grid.513199.6The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
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38
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Li S, Wernersbach I, Harms GS, Schäfer MKE. Microglia subtypes show substrate- and time-dependent phagocytosis preferences and phenotype plasticity. Front Immunol 2022. [PMID: 36105813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022b.945485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are phagocytosis-competent CNS cells comprising a spectrum of subtypes with beneficial and/or detrimental functions in acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. The heterogeneity of microglia suggests differences in phagocytic activity and phenotype plasticity between microglia subtypes. To study these issues, primary murine glial cultures were cultivated in the presence of serum, different growth factors and cytokines to obtain M0-like, M1-like, and M2-like microglia as confirmed by morphology, M1/M2 gene marker expression, and nitric oxide assay. Single-cell analysis after 3 hours of phagocytosis of E.coli particles or IgG-opsonized beads showed equal internalization by M0-like microglia, whereas M1-like microglia preferably internalized E.coli particles and M2-like microglia preferably internalized IgG beads, suggesting subtype-specific preferences for different phagocytosis substrates. Time-lapse live-cells imaging over 16 hours revealed further differences between microglia subtypes in phagocytosis preference and internalization dynamics. M0- and, more efficiently, M1-like microglia continuously internalized E.coli particles for 16 hours, whereas M2-like microglia discontinued internalization after approximately 8 hours. IgG beads were continuously internalized by M0- and M1-like microglia but strikingly less by M2-like microglia. M2-like microglia initially showed continuous internalization similar to M0-like microglia but again discontinuation of internalization after 8 hours suggesting that the time of substrate exposure differently affect microglia subtypes. After prolonged exposure to E.coli particles or IgG beads for 5 days all microglia subtypes showed increased internalization of E.coli particles compared to IgG beads, increased nitric oxide release and up-regulation of M1 gene markers, irrespectively of the phagocytosis substrate, suggesting phenotype plasticity. In summary, microglia subtypes show substrate- and time-dependent phagocytosis preferences and phenotype plasticity. The results suggest that prolonged phagocytosis substrate exposure enhances M1-like profiles and M2-M1 repolarization of microglia. Similar processes may also take place in conditions of acute and chronic brain insults when microglia encounter different types of phagocytic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Isa Wernersbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory S Harms
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Departments of Biology and Physics, Wilkes University, Wilkes Barre, PA, United States
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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39
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Odfalk KF, Bieniek KF, Hopp SC. Microglia: Friend and foe in tauopathy. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 216:102306. [PMID: 35714860 PMCID: PMC9378545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of misfolded microtubule associated protein tau into abnormal intracellular inclusions defines a class of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. The consistent spatiotemporal progression of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) led to the hypothesis that tau aggregates spread in the brain via bioactive tau "seeds" underlying advancing disease course. Recent studies implicate microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, in both negative and positive regulation of tau pathology. Polymorphisms in genes that alter microglial function are associated with the development of AD and other tauopathies. Experimental manipulation of microglia function can alter tau pathology and microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory cascades can exacerbate tau pathology. Microglia also exert protective functions by mitigating tau spread: microglia internalize tau seeds and have the capacity to degrade them. However, when microglia fail to degrade these tau seeds there are deleterious consequences, including secretion of exosomes containing tau that can spread to neurons. This review explores the intersection of microglia and tau from the perspective of neuropathology, neuroimaging, genetics, transcriptomics, and molecular biology. As tau-targeted therapies such as anti-tau antibodies advance through clinical trials, it is critical to understand the interaction between tau and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian F Odfalk
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kevin F Bieniek
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sarah C Hopp
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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40
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Li S, Wernersbach I, Harms GS, Schäfer MKE. Microglia subtypes show substrate- and time-dependent phagocytosis preferences and phenotype plasticity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945485. [PMID: 36105813 PMCID: PMC9465456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are phagocytosis-competent CNS cells comprising a spectrum of subtypes with beneficial and/or detrimental functions in acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. The heterogeneity of microglia suggests differences in phagocytic activity and phenotype plasticity between microglia subtypes. To study these issues, primary murine glial cultures were cultivated in the presence of serum, different growth factors and cytokines to obtain M0-like, M1-like, and M2-like microglia as confirmed by morphology, M1/M2 gene marker expression, and nitric oxide assay. Single-cell analysis after 3 hours of phagocytosis of E.coli particles or IgG-opsonized beads showed equal internalization by M0-like microglia, whereas M1-like microglia preferably internalized E.coli particles and M2-like microglia preferably internalized IgG beads, suggesting subtype-specific preferences for different phagocytosis substrates. Time-lapse live-cells imaging over 16 hours revealed further differences between microglia subtypes in phagocytosis preference and internalization dynamics. M0- and, more efficiently, M1-like microglia continuously internalized E.coli particles for 16 hours, whereas M2-like microglia discontinued internalization after approximately 8 hours. IgG beads were continuously internalized by M0- and M1-like microglia but strikingly less by M2-like microglia. M2-like microglia initially showed continuous internalization similar to M0-like microglia but again discontinuation of internalization after 8 hours suggesting that the time of substrate exposure differently affect microglia subtypes. After prolonged exposure to E.coli particles or IgG beads for 5 days all microglia subtypes showed increased internalization of E.coli particles compared to IgG beads, increased nitric oxide release and up-regulation of M1 gene markers, irrespectively of the phagocytosis substrate, suggesting phenotype plasticity. In summary, microglia subtypes show substrate- and time-dependent phagocytosis preferences and phenotype plasticity. The results suggest that prolonged phagocytosis substrate exposure enhances M1-like profiles and M2-M1 repolarization of microglia. Similar processes may also take place in conditions of acute and chronic brain insults when microglia encounter different types of phagocytic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Isa Wernersbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory S. Harms
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Departments of Biology and Physics, Wilkes University, Wilkes Barre, PA, United States
| | - Michael K. E. Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael K. E. Schäfer,
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41
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Korkmazhan E, Dunn AR. The membrane-actin linker ezrin acts as a sliding anchor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2779. [PMID: 35930643 PMCID: PMC9355349 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein linkages to filamentous (F)-actin provide the cell membrane with mechanical stability and support intricate membrane architectures. However, the actin cytoskeleton is highly dynamic and undergoes rapid changes in shape during cell motility and other processes. The molecular mechanisms that generate a mechanically robust yet fluid connection between the membrane and actin cytoskeleton remain poorly understood. Here, we adapted a single-molecule optical trap assay to examine how the prototypical membrane-actin linker ezrin acts to anchor F-actin to the cell membrane. We find that ezrin forms a complex that slides along F-actin over micrometer distances while resisting detachment by forces oriented perpendicular to the filament axis. The ubiquity of ezrin and analogous proteins suggests that sliding anchors such as ezrin may constitute an important but overlooked element in the construction of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elgin Korkmazhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Alexander R. Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Corresponding author.
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42
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain branched actin networks that are essential for endocytosis, motility, and other key cellular processes. These networks, which are formed by filamentous actin and the Arp2/3 complex, must subsequently be debranched to allow network remodeling and to recycle the Arp2/3 complex. Debranching appears to be catalyzed by two different members of the actin depolymerizing factor homology protein family: cofilin and glial maturation factor (GMF). However, their mechanisms of debranching are only partially understood. Here, we used single-molecule fluorescence imaging of Arp2/3 complex and actin filaments under physiological ionic conditions to observe debranching by GMF and cofilin. We demonstrate that cofilin, like GMF, is an authentic debrancher independent of its filament-severing activity and that the debranching activities of the two proteins are additive. While GMF binds directly to the Arp2/3 complex, cofilin selectively accumulates on branch-junction daughter filaments in tropomyosin-decorated networks just prior to debranching events. Quantitative comparison of debranching rates with the known kinetics of cofilin-actin binding suggests that cofilin occupancy of a particular single actin site at the branch junction is sufficient to trigger debranching. In rare cases in which the order of departure could be resolved during GMF- or cofilin-induced debranching, the Arp2/3 complex left the branch junction bound to the pointed end of the daughter filament, suggesting that both GMF and cofilin can work by destabilizing the mother filament-Arp2/3 complex interface. Taken together, these observations suggest that GMF and cofilin promote debranching by distinct yet complementary mechanisms.
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43
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Macrophage-activating factor of bovine colostrum promotes phagocytic activity of murine macrophages and bovine phagocytes. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 153:103660. [PMID: 35843133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Periparturient dairy cows and their newborn calves are highly prone to health complications. Enhancing the innate immune system of these animals is essential to mitigate the transition period stress and promote their health. Macrophage activating factor (MAF) possess immunomodulatory properties and is believed to enhance immune response. In the present study, the impact of different concentrations (10, 50, 100 ng) of MAF on the phagocytic activity (PA) of murine and bovine phagocytoses was explored. MAF synthesized from IgA of cow colostrum was studied for its effect on the phagocytic index (PI) of cow colostrum macrophages (Mφ) and blood neutrophils (sick and healthy calves) under in vitro conditions. Besides, the impact of MAF on the PI of peritoneal Mφ of healthy and immunocompromised mice was studied. PI of healthy Mφ (mice peritoneal and cow colostrum) and healthy neutrophils (blood calf) increased significantly (P < 0.05) after MAF supplementation. MAF also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the PI of neutrophils and Mφ obtained from sick calf and immunocompromised mice, respectively. Results indicate that colostrum MAF can be used as a potential immune modulator to promote immunity and fight infections in dairy animals.
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44
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Moreno-Mendieta S, Guillén D, Vasquez-Martínez N, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez S, Rodríguez-Sanoja R. Understanding the Phagocytosis of Particles: the Key for Rational Design of Vaccines and Therapeutics. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1823-1849. [PMID: 35739369 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A robust comprehension of phagocytosis is crucial for understanding its importance in innate immunity. A detailed description of the molecular mechanisms that lead to the uptake and clearance of endogenous and exogenous particles has helped elucidate the role of phagocytosis in health and infectious or autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, knowledge about this cellular process is important for the rational design and development of particulate systems for the administration of vaccines or therapeutics. Depending on these specific applications and the required biological responses, particles must be designed to encourage or avoid their phagocytosis and prolong their circulation time. Functionalization with specific polymers or ligands and changes in the size, shape, or surface of particles have important effects on their recognition and internalization by professional and nonprofessional phagocytes and have a major influence on their fate and safety. Here, we review the phagocytosis of particles intended to be used as carrier or delivery systems for vaccines or therapeutics, the cells involved in this process depending on the route of administration, and the strategies employed to obtain the most desirable particles for each application through the manipulation of their physicochemical characteristics. We also offer a view of the challenges and potential opportunities in the field and give some recommendations that we expect will enable the development of improved approaches for the rational design of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moreno-Mendieta
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Ciudad de México, Mexico. .,Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Guillén
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Vasquez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Romina Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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45
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Gierlikowski W, Gierlikowska B. MicroRNAs as Regulators of Phagocytosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091380. [PMID: 35563685 PMCID: PMC9106007 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and thus act as important regulators of cellular phenotype and function. As their expression may be dysregulated in numerous diseases, they are of interest as biomarkers. What is more, attempts of modulation of some microRNAs for therapeutic reasons have been undertaken. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the influence of microRNAs on phagocytosis, which may be exerted on different levels, such as through macrophages polarization, phagosome maturation, reactive oxygen species production and cytokines synthesis. This phenomenon plays an important role in numerous pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Gierlikowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Gierlikowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63a, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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Moles R, Sarkis S, Galli V, Omsland M, Artesi M, Bissa M, McKinnon K, Brown S, Hahaut V, Washington-Parks R, Welsh J, Venzon DJ, Gutowska A, Doster MN, Breed MW, Killoran KE, Kramer J, Jones J, Moniuszko M, Van den Broeke A, Pise-Masison CA, Franchini G. NK cells and monocytes modulate primary HTLV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010416. [PMID: 35377924 PMCID: PMC9022856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of monocytes, NK cells, and CD8+ T-cells in primary HTLV-1 infection by depleting cell subsets and exposing macaques to either HTLV-1 wild type (HTLV-1WT) or to the HTLV-1p12KO mutant unable to infect replete animals due to a single point mutation in orf-I that inhibits its expression. The orf-I encoded p8/p12 proteins counteract cytotoxic NK and CD8+ T-cells and favor viral DNA persistence in monocytes. Double NK and CD8+ T-cells or CD8 depletion alone accelerated seroconversion in all animals exposed to HTLV-1WT. In contrast, HTLV-1p12KO infectivity was fully restored only when NK cells were also depleted, demonstrating a critical role of NK cells in primary infection. Monocyte/macrophage depletion resulted in accelerated seroconversion in all animals exposed to HTLV-1WT, but antibody titers to the virus were low and not sustained. Seroconversion did not occur in most animals exposed to HTLV-1p12KO.In vitro experiments in human primary monocytes or THP-1 cells comparing HTLV-1WT and HTLV-1p12KO demonstrated that orf-I expression is associated with inhibition of inflammasome activation in primary cells, with increased CD47 “don’t-eat-me” signal surface expression in virus infected cells and decreased monocyte engulfment of infected cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate a critical role for innate NK cells in primary infection and suggest a dual role of monocytes in primary infection. On one hand, orf-I expression increases the chances of viral transmission by sparing infected cells from efferocytosis, and on the other may protect the engulfed infected cells by modulating inflammasome activation. These data also suggest that, once infection is established, the stoichiometry of orf-I expression may contribute to the chronic inflammation observed in HTLV-1 infection by modulating monocyte efferocytosis. The immune cells that inhibit or favor HTLV-1 infection are still unknown and their identification is critical for understanding viral pathogenesis and for the development of an effective HTLV-1 vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies are produced in natural HTLV-1 infection, but their impact is likely hampered by the virus’s ability to be transmitted from cell to cell via the virological synapse, cellular conduits, and biofilms. By depleting specific immune cell subsets in blood, we found that NK cells play a critical role in the containment of early HTLV-1 infection. Moreover, transient depletion of monocytes/macrophages results in early, but not sustained seroconversion, suggesting that early engagement of monocytes may be necessary for long-term productive infection. The engulfment of apoptotic T-cells infected by HTLV-1 may represent a viral strategy to persist in the host since the viral proteins encoded by orf-I and orf-II affect the function of receptors and proteins involved in efferocytosis. These results suggest that effective HTLV-1 vaccines must also elicit durable innate responses able to promptly clear virus invasion of monocytes through engulfment of infected T-cells to avoid the establishment of a vicious cycle that leads to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Moles
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Veronica Galli
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Omsland
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Artesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine McKinnon
- Vaccine Branch Flow Cytometry Core, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sophia Brown
- Vaccine Branch Flow Cytometry Core, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vincent Hahaut
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Robyn Washington-Parks
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Breed
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristin E. Killoran
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anne Van den Broeke
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cynthia A. Pise-Masison
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Arjona MI, Duch M, Hernández-Pinto A, Vázquez P, Agusil JP, Gómez-Martínez R, Redondo-Horcajo M, Amirthalingam E, Pérez-García L, Suárez T, Plaza JA. Intracellular Mechanical Drugs Induce Cell-Cycle Altering and Cell Death. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109581. [PMID: 35174908 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current advances in materials science have demonstrated that extracellular mechanical cues can define cell function and cell fate. However, a fundamental understanding of the manner in which intracellular mechanical cues affect cell mechanics remains elusive. How intracellular mechanical hindrance, reinforcement, and supports interfere with the cell cycle and promote cell death is described here. Reproducible devices with highly controlled size, shape, and with a broad range of stiffness are internalized in HeLa cells. Once inside, they induce characteristic cell-cycle deviations and promote cell death. Device shape and stiffness are the dominant determinants of mechanical impairment. Device structural support to the cell membrane and centering during mitosis maximize their effects, preventing spindle centering, and correct chromosome alignment. Nanodevices reveal that the spindle generates forces larger than 114 nN which overcomes intracellular confinement by relocating the device to a less damaging position. By using intracellular mechanical drugs, this work provides a foundation to defining the role of intracellular constraints on cell function and fate, with relevance to fundamental cell mechanics and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Arjona
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Marta Duch
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB (CSIC), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Agusil
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Gómez-Martínez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Ezhil Amirthalingam
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Teresa Suárez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB (CSIC), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - José A Plaza
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Paterson N, Lämmermann T. Macrophage network dynamics depend on haptokinesis for optimal local surveillance. eLife 2022; 11:75354. [PMID: 35343899 PMCID: PMC8963880 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key immune cells with important roles for tissue surveillance in almost all mammalian organs. Cellular networks made up of many individual macrophages allow for optimal removal of dead cell material and pathogens in tissues. However, the critical determinants that underlie these population responses have not been systematically studied. Here, we investigated how cell shape and the motility of individual cells influences macrophage network responses in 3D culture settings and in mouse tissues. We show that surveying macrophage populations can tolerate lowered actomyosin contractility, but cannot easily compensate for a lack of integrin-mediated adhesion. Although integrins were dispensable for macrophage chemotactic responses, they were crucial to control cell movement and protrusiveness for optimal surveillance by a macrophage population. Our study reveals that β1 integrins are important for maintaining macrophage shape and network sampling efficiency in mammalian tissues, and sets macrophage motility strategies apart from the integrin-independent 3D migration modes of many other immune cell subsets. Macrophages are immune cells in the body that remove dying cells and debris from tissues. They live in almost all the body’s organs, surveilling for signs of infection and destroying microbes. They also migrate to wound sites, where they can eliminate foreign particles and stop microbes from entering the body. To perform their surveillance role, macrophages need to work together as a team. They form a network, coordinating their movements to optimise the removal of particles and dead cells. How this happens is something of a mystery. As individuals, cells travel through tissues using a balance of several activities: they change their shape, they contract and relax, and they grab hold of their surroundings using proteins called integrins. It is thought that the choice between these types of movement may affect the rest of the network. To investigate, Paterson and Lämmermann genetically engineered mouse macrophages grown in the laboratory so they would not produce working integrins. These macrophages were able to contract and relax, but they could not attach to the proteins in the structures they were exploring. Paterson and Lämmermann then placed these macrophages in gels studded with proteins that mimic a biological matrix to observe their behaviour. When these macrophages were exposed to the chemicals that indicate the presence of a wound, they moved normally, changing shape and contracting and relaxing. Paterson and Lämmermann confirmed this normal behaviour for macrophages moving to sites of injuries in the tissue of living mice. However, when it came to surveillance, the macrophages’ abilities were seriously diminished, and they were unable to form an effective network to take up particles and dead cells. This work sheds light on how the movement of individual cells affects the entire immune surveillance network. A deeper understanding could lead to new insights into how to prevent inflammation. The next step is to map macrophage networks in healthy and diseased tissues to understand how cell movement affects surveillance under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Paterson
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhao J, Wang J, Song Q, Zhao C. The phagocytic receptors of β-glucan. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:430-441. [PMID: 35202631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a cellular process maintaining tissue balance and plays an essential role in initiating the innate immune response. The process of phagocytosis was triggered by the binding of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) with their cell surface receptors on the phagocytes. These receptors not only perform phagocytic functions, but also bridge the gap between extracellular and intracellular communication, leading to signal transduction and the production of inflammatory mediators, which are crucial for clearing the invading pathogens and maintaining cell homeostasis. For the past few years, the application of β-glucan comes down to immunoregulation and anti-tumor territory. As a well-known PAMP, β-glucan is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature. By binding to specific receptors on immune cells and activating intracellular signal transduction pathways, it causes phagocytosis and promotes the release of cytokines. Further retrieval and straightening out literature related to β-glucan phagocytic receptors will help better elucidate their immunomodulatory functions. This review attempts to summarize physicochemical properties and specific processes involved in β-glucan induced phagocytosis, its phagocytic receptors, and cascade events triggered by β-glucan at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhuo Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xinning Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Qiaoling Song
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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50
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aVASP boosts protrusive activity of macroendocytic cups and drives phagosome rocketing after internalization. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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