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Arora A, Sharma V, Gupta R, Aggarwal A. Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Ex Vivo Culture of Visceral Adipose Tissue. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e5011. [PMID: 38873012 PMCID: PMC11166539 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of nanoparticles possessing a lipid bilayer membrane that plays a significant role in intercellular communication by transferring their cargoes, consisting of peptides, proteins, fatty acids, DNA, and RNA, to receiver cells. Isolation of EVs is cumbersome and time-consuming due to their nano size and the co-isolation of small molecules along with EVs. This is why current protocols for the isolation of EVs are unable to provide high purity. So far, studies have focused on EVs derived from cell supernatants or body fluids but are associated with a number of limitations. Cell lines with a high passage number cannot be considered as representative of the original cell type, and EVs isolated from those can present distinct properties and characteristics. Additionally, cultured cells only have a single cell type and do not possess any cellular interactions with other types of cells, which normally exist in the tissue microenvironment. Therefore, studies involving the direct EVs isolation from whole tissues can provide a better understanding of intercellular communication in vivo. This underscores the critical need to standardize and optimize protocols for isolating and characterizing EVs from tissues. We have developed a differential centrifugation-based technique to isolate and characterize EVs from whole adipose tissue, which can be potentially applied to other types of tissues. This may help us to better understand the role of EVs in the tissue microenvironment in both diseased and normal conditions. Key features • Isolation of tissue-derived extracellular vesicles from ex vivo culture of visceral adipose tissue or any whole tissue. • Microscopic visualization of extracellular vesicles' morphology without dehydration steps, with minimum effect on their shape. • Flow cytometry approach to characterize the extracellular vesicles using specific protein markers, as an alternative to the time-consuming western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Arora
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinit Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of GI Surgery, HPB and Liver Transplantation, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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2
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Rohm TV, Castellani Gomes Dos Reis F, Isaac R, Murphy C, Cunha E Rocha K, Bandyopadhyay G, Gao H, Libster AM, Zapata RC, Lee YS, Ying W, Miciano C, Wang A, Olefsky JM. Adipose tissue macrophages secrete small extracellular vesicles that mediate rosiglitazone-induced insulin sensitization. Nat Metab 2024; 6:880-898. [PMID: 38605183 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic continues to worsen worldwide, driving metabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases. Thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone (Rosi), are PPARγ agonists that promote 'M2-like' adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) polarization and cause insulin sensitization. As ATM-derived small extracellular vesicles (ATM-sEVs) from lean mice are known to increase insulin sensitivity, we assessed the metabolic effects of ATM-sEVs from Rosi-treated obese male mice (Rosi-ATM-sEVs). Here we show that Rosi leads to improved glucose and insulin tolerance, transcriptional repolarization of ATMs and increased sEV secretion. Administration of Rosi-ATM-sEVs rescues obesity-induced glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity in vivo without the known thiazolidinedione-induced adverse effects of weight gain or haemodilution. Rosi-ATM-sEVs directly increase insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, myotubes and primary mouse and human hepatocytes. Additionally, we demonstrate that the miRNAs within Rosi-ATM-sEVs, primarily miR-690, are responsible for these beneficial metabolic effects. Thus, using ATM-sEVs with specific miRNAs may provide a therapeutic path to induce insulin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa V Rohm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | - Roi Isaac
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cairo Murphy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karina Cunha E Rocha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hong Gao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Avraham M Libster
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Charlene Miciano
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Payet T, Gabinaud E, Landrier JF, Mounien L. Role of micro-RNAs associated with adipose-derived extracellular vesicles in metabolic disorders. Obes Rev 2024:e13755. [PMID: 38622087 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Micro-RNAs have emerged as important actors in the onset of metabolic disorders including obesity or type 2 diabetes. Particularly, several micro-RNAs are known to be key modulators of lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, or feeding behavior. Interestingly, the role of extracellular vesicles containing micro-RNAs, especially adipose-derived extracellular vesicles, are well-documented endocrine signals and disease biomarkers. However, the role of adipose-derived extracellular vesicles on the different tissues is different and highly related to the micro-RNA content. This review provides recent data about the potential involvement of adipose-derived extracellular vesicle-containing micro-RNAs in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Payet
- Aix Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Elisa Gabinaud
- Aix Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- Aix Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- PhenoMARS Aix-Marseille Technology Platform, CriBiom, Marseille, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- PhenoMARS Aix-Marseille Technology Platform, CriBiom, Marseille, France
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4
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Li W, Zhu J, Li J, Jiang Y, Sun J, Xu Y, Pan H, Zhou Y, Zhu J. Research advances of tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:184. [PMID: 38598014 PMCID: PMC11006789 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate cell-to-cell communication and affect various physiological and pathological processes in both parent and recipient cells. Currently, extensive research has focused on the EVs derived from cell cultures and various body fluids. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the EVs derived from tissues. Tissue EVs can reflect the microenvironment of the specific tissue and the cross-talk of communication among different cells, which can provide more accurate and comprehensive information for understanding the development and progression of diseases. METHODS We review the state-of-the-art technologies involved in the isolation and purification of tissue EVs. Then, the latest research progress of tissue EVs in the mechanism of tumor occurrence and development is presented. And finally, the application of tissue EVs in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer is anticipated. RESULTS We evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various tissue processing and EVs isolation methods, and subsequently analyze the significance of protein characterization in determining the purity of tissue EVs. Furthermore, we focus on outlining the importance of EVs derived from tumor and adipose tissues in tumorigenesis and development, as well as their potential applications in early tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. CONCLUSION When isolating and characterizing tissue EVs, the most appropriate protocol needs to be specified based on the characteristics of different tissues. Tissue EVs are valuable in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors, and the potential risks associated with tissue EVs need to be considered as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Jiang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuai Sun
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Pan
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
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Chen J, Lin J, Wang W, Huang H, Pan Z, Ye G, Dong S, Lin Y, Lin C, Huang Q. EV-COMM: A database of interspecies and intercellular interactions mediated by extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12442. [PMID: 38644519 PMCID: PMC11033292 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Intra- and inter-organismal interactions play a crucial role in the maintenance and function of individuals, as well as communities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as effective mediators for the communication both within and between species. They can carry and transport molecular cargoes to transmit biological messages. Several databases (ExoBCD, ExoCarta, EVpedia, EV-TRACK, Vesiclepedia) complied the cargoes information including DNA, RNA, protein, lipid and metabolite associated with EVs. Databases that refer to the complete records on both donor and recipient information are warranted to facilitate the understanding of the interaction across cells and species. In this study, we developed a database that compiled the records equipped with a structured process of EV-mediated interaction. The sources of donor and recipient were classified by cell type, tissues/organs and species, thus providing an extended knowledge of cell-cell, species-species interaction. The isolation and identification methods were presented for assessing the quality of EVs. Information on functional cargoes was included, where microRNA was linked to a prediction server to broaden its potential effects. Physiological and pathological context was marked to show the environment where EVs functioned. At present, a total of 1481 data records in our database, including 971 cell-cell interactions belonging to more than 40 different tissues/organs, and 510 cross-species records. The database provides a web interface to browse, search, visualize and download the interaction records. Users can search for interactions by selecting the context of interest or specific cells/species types, as well as functional cargoes. To the best of our knowledge, the database is the first comprehensive database focusing on interactions between donor and recipient cells or species mediated by EVs, serving as a convenient tool to explore and validate interactions. The Database, shorten as EV-COMM (EV mediated communication) is freely available at http://sdc.iue.ac.cn/evs/list/ and will be continuously updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenChina
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jing‐Jing Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingPR China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingPR China
| | - Haining Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenChina
| | - Zhizhen Pan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenChina
| | - Guozhu Ye
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenChina
| | - Sijun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaodingPR China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Congtian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservational Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenChina
- National Basic Science Data CenterBeijingChina
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Bradley D, Deng T, Shantaram D, Hsueh WA. Orchestration of the Adipose Tissue Immune Landscape by Adipocytes. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:199-223. [PMID: 38345903 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-024353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is epidemic and of great concern because of its comorbid and costly inflammatory-driven complications. Extensive investigations in mice have elucidated highly coordinated, well-balanced interactions between adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue that maintain normal systemic metabolism in the lean state, while in obesity, proinflammatory changes occur in nearly all adipose tissue immune cells. Many of these changes are instigated by adipocytes. However, less is known about obesity-induced adipose-tissue immune cell alterations in humans. Upon high-fat diet feeding, the adipocyte changes its well-known function as a metabolic cell to assume the role of an immune cell, orchestrating proinflammatory changes that escalate inflammation and progress during obesity. This transformation is particularly prominent in humans. In this review, we (a) highlight a leading and early role for adipocytes in promulgating inflammation, (b) discuss immune cell changes and the time course of these changes (comparing humans and mice when possible), and (c) note how reversing proinflammatory changes in most types of immune cells, including adipocytes, rescues adipose tissue from inflammation and obese mice from insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradley
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pennsylvania State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Tuo Deng
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dharti Shantaram
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
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7
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Pang H, Fan W, Pi L, Shi X, Wang Z, Luo S, Xiao Y, Li X, Huang G, Xie Z, Zhou Z. Plasma-derived exosomal miRNA profiles associated with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3774. [PMID: 38340050 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Recently, exosomal miRNAs have been shown to play important roles in multiple diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). To assess the biomarker potential of exosomal miRNAs for T1D, we measured the expression profiles of plasma-derived exosomal miRNAs in T1D and explored their potential functions by bioinformatic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the discovery phase, exosome samples were isolated from plasma by size exclusion chromatography from 10 T1D patients and 10 sex- (p = 0.36), age- (p = 0.97), and body mass index-matched (p = 0.47) healthy control subjects. Exosomal miRNA expression profiles were measured using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. With verification by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we used multiple bioinformatics approaches to explore the potential biological functions of the identified differentially expressed miRNAs. The diagnostic signature of exosomal miRNAs was evaluated by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS In total, 43 differentially expressed miRNAs, among which 34 were upregulated and 9 were downregulated, were identified in T1D. After correcting for multiple testing using false discovery rate, 11 identified exosomal miRNAs still showed statistical significance. Among the 5 selected miRNAs, 3 miRNAs (miR-103a-3p, miR-144-5p and miR-454-3p) were successfully validated by qRT-PCR. The biological analysis-enriched terms included protein autophosphorylation and the Hedgehog signalling pathway. The highest AUC of exosomal miRNA was 0.889 under the LASSO model. The expression levels of 5 selected exosomal miRNAs were correlated with multiple clinical characteristics such as fasting C-peptide and postprandial C-peptide. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that plasma-derived exosomal miRNAs could serve as promising diagnostic biomarkers of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Pang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqi Fan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linhua Pi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiajie Shi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuoming Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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8
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Komaru Y, Bai YZ, Kreisel D, Herrlich A. Interorgan communication networks in the kidney-lung axis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:120-136. [PMID: 37667081 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis and health of an organism depend on the coordinated interaction of specialized organs, which is regulated by interorgan communication networks of circulating soluble molecules and neuronal connections. Many diseases that seemingly affect one primary organ are really multiorgan diseases, with substantial secondary remote organ complications that underlie a large part of their morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently occurs in critically ill patients with multiorgan failure and is associated with high mortality, particularly when it occurs together with respiratory failure. Inflammatory lung lesions in patients with kidney failure that could be distinguished from pulmonary oedema due to volume overload were first reported in the 1930s, but have been largely overlooked in clinical settings. A series of studies over the past two decades have elucidated acute and chronic kidney-lung and lung-kidney interorgan communication networks involving various circulating inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, metabolites, uraemic toxins, immune cells and neuro-immune pathways. Further investigations are warranted to understand these clinical entities of high morbidity and mortality, and to develop effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Komaru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yun Zhu Bai
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andreas Herrlich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- VA Saint Louis Health Care System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Qi F, Jin H. Extracellular vesicles from keratinocytes and other skin-related cells in psoriasis: A review. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15001. [PMID: 38284192 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory skin condition involving abnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, together with substantial infiltration of immune cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are released spontaneously into the extracellular space by virtually all cell types, play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication by delivering bioactive cargos such as mRNA nucleic acids and proteins to recipient cells. Numerous studies have highlighted the significant contributions of EVs to both the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis. This review provides a concise overview of skin-derived EVs and their involvement in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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10
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Liu W, Liu T, Zhao Q, Ma J, Jiang J, Shi H. Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Strategy for Metabolic Disorders. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:9517826. [PMID: 38169960 PMCID: PMC10761228 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9517826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in systemic energy metabolism, and its dysfunction can lead to severe metabolic disorders. Various cells in adipose tissue communicate with each other to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as novel medium for remote intercellular communication by transferring various bioactive molecules from parental cells to distant target cells. Increasing evidence suggests that the endocrine functions of adipose tissue and even the metabolic homeostasis are largely affected by different cell-derived EVs, such as insulin signaling, lipolysis, and metabolically triggered inflammation regulations. Here, we provide an overview focused on the role of EVs released by different cell types of adipose tissue in metabolic diseases and their possible molecular mechanisms and highlight the potential applications of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Moreover, the current EVs-based therapeutic strategies have also been discussed. This trial is registered with NCT05475418.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyan Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junqiu Ma
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Asleh K, Dery V, Taylor C, Davey M, Djeungoue-Petga MA, Ouellette RJ. Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy biomarkers and their application in precision immuno-oncology. Biomark Res 2023; 11:99. [PMID: 37978566 PMCID: PMC10655470 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
While the field of precision oncology is rapidly expanding and more targeted options are revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms, therapeutic resistance particularly to immunotherapy remains a pressing challenge. This can be largely attributed to the dynamic tumor-stroma interactions that continuously alter the microenvironment. While to date most advancements have been made through examining the clinical utility of tissue-based biomarkers, their invasive nature and lack of a holistic representation of the evolving disease in a real-time manner could result in suboptimal treatment decisions. Thus, using minimally-invasive approaches to identify biomarkers that predict and monitor treatment response as well as alert to the emergence of recurrences is of a critical need. Currently, research efforts are shifting towards developing liquid biopsy-based biomarkers obtained from patients over the course of disease. Liquid biopsy represents a unique opportunity to monitor intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment which could occur through the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are lipid bilayer membrane nanoscale vesicles which transfer a plethora of biomolecules that mediate intercellular crosstalk, shape the tumor microenvironment, and modify drug response. The capture of EVs using innovative approaches, such as microfluidics, magnetic beads, and aptamers, allow their analysis via high throughput multi-omics techniques and facilitate their use for biomarker discovery. Artificial intelligence, using machine and deep learning algorithms, is advancing multi-omics analyses to uncover candidate biomarkers and predictive signatures that are key for translation into clinical trials. With the increasing recognition of the role of EVs in mediating immune evasion and as a valuable biomarker source, these real-time snapshots of cellular communication are promising to become an important tool in the field of precision oncology and spur the recognition of strategies to block resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of EVs in biomarker research describing current advances in their isolation and analysis techniques as well as their function as mediators in the tumor microenvironment. We also highlight recent lung cancer and melanoma studies that point towards their application as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy and their potential clinical use in precision immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karama Asleh
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - Valerie Dery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Catherine Taylor
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Michelle Davey
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Rodney J Ouellette
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Dr Georges L. Dumont University Hospital, Vitalite Health Network, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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12
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Yang X, Hao J, Luo J, Lu X, Kong X. Adipose tissue‑derived extracellular vesicles: Systemic messengers in health and disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:189. [PMID: 37615193 PMCID: PMC10502927 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a complicated metabolic organ consisting of a heterogeneous population of cells that exert wide‑ranging effects on the regulation of systemic metabolism and in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Various obesity‑related complications are associated with the development of dysfunctional AT. As an essential transmitter of intercellular information, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently been recognized as crucial in regulating multiple physiological functions. AT‑derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) have been shown to facilitate cellular communication both inside and between ATs and other peripheral organs. Here, the role of EVs released from ATs in the homeostasis of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders by delivering lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids between different cells is summarized. Furthermore, the differences in the sources of ADEVs, such as adipocytes, AT macrophages, AT‑derived stem cells, and AT‑derived mesenchymal stem cells, are also discussed. This review may provide valuable information for the potential application of ADEVs in metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310002, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310002, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Jiayue Hao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xinliang Lu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Institute of Immunology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Institute of Immunology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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13
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Sepúlveda F, Mayorga-Lobos C, Guzmán K, Durán-Jara E, Lobos-González L. EV-miRNA-Mediated Intercellular Communication in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13085. [PMID: 37685891 PMCID: PMC10487525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer research has prioritized the study of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a crucial area of investigation. Understanding the communication between tumor cells and the various cell types within the TME has become a focal point. Bidirectional communication processes between these cells support cellular transformation, as well as the survival, invasion, and metastatic dissemination of tumor cells. Extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer structures secreted by cells that emerge as important mediators of this cell-to-cell communication. EVs transfer their molecular cargo, including proteins and nucleic acids, and particularly microRNAs, which play critical roles in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived EVs, for example, can promote angiogenesis and enhance endothelial permeability by delivering specific miRNAs. Moreover, adipocytes, a significant component of the breast stroma, exhibit high EV secretory activity, which can then modulate metabolic processes, promoting the growth, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells. Comprehensive studies investigating the involvement of EVs and their miRNA cargo in the TME, as well as their underlying mechanisms driving tumoral capacities, are necessary for a deeper understanding of these complex interactions. Such knowledge holds promise for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Sepúlveda
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile; (F.S.); (C.M.-L.); (K.G.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Cristina Mayorga-Lobos
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile; (F.S.); (C.M.-L.); (K.G.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Kevin Guzmán
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile; (F.S.); (C.M.-L.); (K.G.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Eduardo Durán-Jara
- Subdepartamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 7780050, Chile;
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile; (F.S.); (C.M.-L.); (K.G.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile
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14
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Lu W, Feng W, Lai J, Yuan D, Xiao W, Li Y. Role of adipokines in sarcopenia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1794-1804. [PMID: 37442757 PMCID: PMC10406092 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that mainly involves decreases in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function. At the same time, the body fat content increases with aging, especially the visceral fat content. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes biologically active factors called adipokines, which act on local and distant tissues. Studies have revealed that some adipokines exert regulatory effects on muscle, such as higher serum leptin levels causing a decrease in muscle function and adiponectin inhibits the transcriptional activity of Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) by activating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator -1α (PGC-1α) and sensitizing cells to insulin, thereby repressing atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1 [MuRF1]) to prevent the loss of muscle mass. Here, we describe the effects on muscle of adipokines produced by adipose tissue, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, mucin and lipocalin-2, and discuss the importance of these adipokines for understanding the development of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenjie Feng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jieyu Lai
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Dongliang Yuan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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15
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Cai Y, Liu P, Xu Y, Xia Y, Peng X, Zhao H, Chen Q. Biomarkers of obesity-mediated insulin resistance: focus on microRNAs. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:167. [PMID: 37537674 PMCID: PMC10401761 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndromes are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Insulin resistance (IR) is a common complication of obesity. However, IR occurrence varies across individuals with obesity and may involve epigenetic factors. To rationalize the allocation of healthcare resources, biomarkers for the early risk stratification of individuals with obesity should be identified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are closely associated with metabolic diseases and involved in epigenetic regulation. In this review, we have summarized the changes in miRNA expression in the peripheral circulation and tissues of patients and animals with obesity-associated IR over the last 5 years and identified several candidate biomarkers that predict obesity-related IR. There are areas for improvement in existing studies. First, more than the predictive validity of a single biomarker is required, and a biomarker panel needs to be formed. Second, miRNAs are often studied in isolation and do not form a network of signaling pathways. We believe that early biomarkers can help clinicians accurately predict individuals prone to obesity-related IR at an early stage. Epigenetic regulation may be one of the underlying causes of different clinical outcomes in individuals with obesity. Future studies should focus on objectively reflecting the differences in miRNA profile expression in individuals with obesity-related IR, which may help identify more reliable biomarkers. Understanding the metabolic pathways of these miRNAs can help design new metabolic risk prevention and management strategies, and support the development of drugs to treat obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Cai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumei Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowan Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Jia Q, Zhao H, Wang Y, Cen Y, Zhang Z. Mechanisms and applications of adipose-derived stem cell-extracellular vesicles in the inflammation of wound healing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214757. [PMID: 37520532 PMCID: PMC10376705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a sophisticated process consisting of serial phases with overlaps, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The inflammation response is an early response that plays a crucial role in eliminating microbes and clearing damaged cell debris. However, in some pathological circumstances, such as diabetes mellitus, ischemia, trauma, deep burn, etc., abnormal inflammation can cause impaired wound healing. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) belong to the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) family and exhibit prospective applications in tissue regeneration and dermatological repairs. ADSC-secreted extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) mimic the functions of ADSCs without the concerns of cell survival, immune response, or ethical issues. Studies have revealed that ADSC-EVs can inhibit abnormal inflammation responses and accelerate wound healing through various mechanisms. Moreover, some studies explored modifications in the cargo components of ADSC-EVs to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Given the increasing studies focusing on the potential of ADSC-EVs in wound healing, how they interfere with different phases of this process has been investigated in pieces. In this review, we summarized all up-to-date evidence to map a clearer picture of the underlying mechanisms of ADSC-EVs in inflammation response. The applications of ADSC-EVs aiming at inflammation in the healing process were also reviewed to provide therapeutic strategies for future investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanxing Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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17
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Petito G, Cioffi F, Magnacca N, de Lange P, Senese R, Lanni A. Adipose Tissue Remodeling in Obesity: An Overview of the Actions of Thyroid Hormones and Their Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040572. [PMID: 37111329 PMCID: PMC10146771 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and obesity have become important health issues of epidemic proportions and are often the cause of related pathologies such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissues (ATs) are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. An ample body of evidence indicates that in some pathophysiological conditions, the aberrant remodeling of adipose tissue may provoke dysregulation in the production of various adipocytokines and metabolites, thus leading to disorders in metabolic organs. Thyroid hormones (THs) and some of their derivatives, such as 3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine (T2), exert numerous functions in a variety of tissues, including adipose tissues. It is known that they can improve serum lipid profiles and reduce fat accumulation. The thyroid hormone acts on the brown and/or white adipose tissues to induce uncoupled respiration through the induction of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to generate heat. Multitudinous investigations suggest that 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) induces the recruitment of brown adipocytes in white adipose depots, causing the activation of a process known as "browning". Moreover, in vivo studies on adipose tissues show that T2, in addition to activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, may further promote the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), and affect adipocyte morphology, tissue vascularization, and the adipose inflammatory state in rats receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). In this review, we summarize the mechanism by which THs and thyroid hormone derivatives mediate adipose tissue activity and remodeling, thus providing noteworthy perspectives on their efficacy as therapeutic agents to counteract such morbidities as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Nunzia Magnacca
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
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18
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Bilinska A, Pszczola M, Stachowiak M, Stachecka J, Garbacz F, Aksoy MO, Szczerbal I. Droplet Digital PCR Quantification of Selected Intracellular and Extracellular microRNAs Reveals Changes in Their Expression Pattern during Porcine In Vitro Adipogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030683. [PMID: 36980955 PMCID: PMC10047974 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular miRNAs have attracted considerable interest because of their role in intercellular communication, as well as because of their potential use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for many diseases. It has been shown that miRNAs secreted by adipose tissue can contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity. Detailed knowledge of the expression of intracellular and extracellular microRNAs in adipocytes is thus urgently required. The system of in vitro differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes offers a good model for such an analysis. The aim of this study was to quantify eight intracellular and extracellular miRNAs (miR-21a, miR-26b, miR-30a, miR-92a, miR-146a, miR-148a, miR-199, and miR-383a) during porcine in vitro adipogenesis using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), a highly sensitive method. It was found that only some miRNAs associated with the inflammatory process (miR-21a, miR-92a) were highly expressed in differentiated adipocytes and were also secreted by cells. All miRNAs associated with adipocyte differentiation were highly abundant in both the studied cells and in the cell culture medium. Those miRNAs showed a characteristic expression profile with upregulation during differentiation.
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19
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Adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles increase insulin secretion through transport of insulinotropic protein cargo. Nat Commun 2023; 14:709. [PMID: 36759608 PMCID: PMC9911726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (AdEVs) are membranous nanoparticles that convey communication from adipose tissue to other organs. Here, to delineate their role as messengers with glucoregulatory nature, we paired fluorescence AdEV-tracing and SILAC-labeling with (phospho)proteomics, and revealed that AdEVs transfer functional insulinotropic protein cargo into pancreatic β-cells. Upon transfer, AdEV proteins were subjects for phosphorylation, augmented insulinotropic GPCR/cAMP/PKA signaling by increasing total protein abundances and phosphosite dynamics, and ultimately enhanced 1st-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in murine islets. Notably, insulinotropic effects were restricted to AdEVs isolated from obese and insulin resistant, but not lean mice, which was consistent with differential protein loads and AdEV luminal morphologies. Likewise, in vivo pre-treatment with AdEVs from obese but not lean mice amplified insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in mice. This data suggests that secreted AdEVs can inform pancreatic β-cells about insulin resistance in adipose tissue in order to amplify GSIS in times of increased insulin demand.
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20
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Extracellular Vesicles as Carriers of Adipokines and Their Role in Obesity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020422. [PMID: 36830957 PMCID: PMC9953604 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have lately arisen as new metabolic players in energy homeostasis participating in intercellular communication at the local and distant levels. These nanosized lipid bilayer spheres, carrying bioactive molecular cargo, have somehow changed the paradigm of biomedical research not only as a non-classic cell secretion mechanism, but as a rich source of biomarkers and as useful drug-delivery vehicles. Although the research about the role of EVs on metabolism and its deregulation on obesity and associated pathologies lagged slightly behind other diseases, the knowledge about their function under normal and pathological homeostasis is rapidly increasing. In this review, we are focusing on the current research regarding adipose tissue shed extracellular vesicles including their characterization, size profile, and molecular cargo content comprising miRNAs and membrane and intra-vesicular proteins. Finally, we will focus on the functional aspects attributed to vesicles secreted not only by adipocytes, but also by other cells comprising adipose tissue, describing the evidence to date on the deleterious effects of extracellular vesicles released by obese adipose tissue both locally and at the distant level by interacting with other peripheral organs and even at the central level.
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21
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Eguchi A, Iwasa M, Nakagawa H. Extracellular vesicles in fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis: Role as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Liver Int 2023; 43:292-298. [PMID: 36462157 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are characterized by lipid deposition in hepatocytes in the absence or presence of excessive alcohol consumption, respectively, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and from mild fibrosis to cirrhosis. Fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis similarly occur in individuals who have both metabolic syndrome and excessive alcohol intake; therefore, the single overarching term metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed to better reflect these risk factors and the continuity of disease progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound endogenous nanoparticles released into the extracellular space by a majority of cell types. Liver disease-related EVs contain a variety of cellular cargo and are internalized into target cells resulting in the transfer of bioinformation reflecting the state of the donor cell to the recipient. Furthermore, EV composition can be used to identify the degree and type of liver disease, suggesting that EV composition may be a useful biomarker. With regard to MAFLD, the presence of metabolic risk factors, such as insulin resistance, will be indicated by adipose tissue-derived EVs and with that comes the potential to use as a clinical monitor of overall metabolic status. However, the inhibition of specific EV composition may be difficult to implement as a real-world therapeutic approach. Current global evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) play an important role in regulating the immune response, which has spawned a clinical trial to treat liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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22
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Zi C, Wang D, Gao Y, He L. The role of Th17 cells in endocrine organs: Involvement of the gut, adipose tissue, liver and bone. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1104943. [PMID: 36726994 PMCID: PMC9884980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1104943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
T Helper 17 (Th17) cells are adaptive immune cells that play myriad roles in the body. Immune-endocrine interactions are vital in endocrine organs during pathological states. Th17 cells are known to take part in multiple autoimmune diseases over the years. Current evidence has moved from minimal to substantial that Th17 cells are closely related to endocrine organs. Diverse tissue Th17 cells have been discovered within endocrine organs, including gut, adipose tissue, liver and bone, and these cells are modulated by various secretions from endocrine organs. Th17 cells in these endocrine organs are key players in the process of an array of metabolic disorders and inflammatory conditions, including obesity, insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), osteoporosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We reviewed the pathogenetic or protective functions played by Th17 cells in various endocrine tissues and identified potential regulators for plasticity of it. Furthermore, we discussed the roles of Th17 cells in crosstalk of gut-organs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Zi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Die Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- School of International Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yongxiang Gao, ; Lisha He,
| | - Lisha He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yongxiang Gao, ; Lisha He,
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Pan J, Yin J, Gan L, Xue J. Two-sided roles of adipose tissue: Rethinking the obesity paradox in various human diseases from a new perspective. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13521. [PMID: 36349390 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity, as a result of excess fat accumulation, have become a worldwide public health issue. Recent studies have shown that obesity is closely related to many human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in which adipose tissue plays a dual role. In addition to thermal and mechanical insulation and a critical role in energy storage and heat production, adipose tissue is also a highly plastic endocrine and signaling organ that secretes multiple bioactive molecules for inter-organ crosstalk. The phenotypic and biological changes of adipose tissue under pathological conditions, especially in obesity, increase the challenge of deciphering the positive or negative effects of adipose tissue in disease. Despite numerous studies on obesity and adipose tissue, the ambiguous role of adipose tissue on specific organs or tissues in different diseases is not fully understood, and the definite mechanisms remain obscure. In this review, we first summarize the basic biological characteristics of adipose tissue in the physiological state and the abnormal remodeling of adipose tissue during obesity. We then discuss the complex and disparate effects of obesity on various human diseases, with a particular focus on the dual roles and underlying mechanisms of adipose tissue, a quintessential player in obesity, in this process. More importantly, rethinking the causes of the "obesity paradox" phenomenon in diseases from the perspective of adipose homeostasis and dysfunction provides a novel strategy for disease treatment by intervening in fat function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianqiong Yin
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Kolb H. Obese visceral fat tissue inflammation: from protective to detrimental? BMC Med 2022; 20:494. [PMID: 36575472 PMCID: PMC9795790 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity usually is accompanied by inflammation of fat tissue, with a prominent role of visceral fat. Chronic inflammation in obese fat tissue is of a lower grade than acute immune activation for clearing the tissue from an infectious agent. It is the loss of adipocyte metabolic homeostasis that causes activation of resident immune cells for supporting tissue functions and regaining homeostasis. Initially, the excess influx of lipids and glucose in the context of overnutrition is met by adipocyte growth and proliferation. Eventual lipid overload of hypertrophic adipocytes leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and the secretion of a variety of signals causing increased sympathetic tone, lipolysis by adipocytes, lipid uptake by macrophages, matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and immune cell activation. Pro-inflammatory signaling of adipocytes causes the resident immune system to release increased amounts of pro-inflammatory and other mediators resulting in enhanced tissue-protective responses. With chronic overnutrition, these protective actions are insufficient, and death of adipocytes as well as senescence of several tissue cell types is seen. This structural damage causes the expression or release of immunostimulatory cell components resulting in influx and activation of monocytes and many other immune cell types, with a contribution of stromal cells. Matrix remodeling and angiogenesis is further intensified as well as possibly detrimental fibrosis. The accumulation of senescent cells also may be detrimental via eventual spread of senescence state from affected to neighboring cells by the release of microRNA-containing vesicles. Obese visceral fat inflammation can be viewed as an initially protective response in order to cope with excess ambient nutrients and restore tissue homeostasis but may contribute to tissue damage at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Zhi Z, Sun Q, Tang W. Research advances and challenges in tissue-derived extracellular vesicles. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1036746. [PMID: 36589228 PMCID: PMC9797684 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1036746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are vesicular vesicles with phospholipid bilayer, which are present in biological fluids and extracellular microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles serve as pivotal mediators in intercellular communication by delivering lipids, proteins, and RNAs to the recipient cells. Different from extracellular vesicles derived from biofluids and that originate from cell culture, the tissue derived extracellular vesicles (Ti-EVs) send us more enriched and accurate information of tissue microenvironment. Notably, tissue derived extracellular vesicles directly participate in the crosstalk between numerous cell types within microenvironment. Current research mainly focused on the extracellular vesicles present in biological fluids and cell culture supernatant, yet the studies on tissue derived extracellular vesicles are increasing due to the tissue derived extracellular vesicles are promising agents to reflect the occurrence and development of human diseases more accurately. In this review, we aimed to clarify the characteristics of tissue derived extracellular vesicles, specify the isolation methods and the roles of tissue derived extracellular vesicles in various diseases, including tumors. Moreover, we summarized the advances and challenges of tissue derived extracellular vesicles research.
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Feng T, Zhang W, Li Z. Potential Mechanisms of Gut-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Participation in Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13111964. [PMID: 36360201 PMCID: PMC9689624 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine participates in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in multiple facets. It is the major site of nutrient digestion and absorption, provides the interface as well as docking locus for gut microbiota, and harbors hormone-producing cells scattered throughout the gut epithelium. Intestinal extracellular vesicles are known to influence the local immune response, whereas their roles in glucose and lipid homeostasis have barely been explored. Hence, this current review summarizes the latest knowledge of cargo substances detected in intestinal extracellular vesicles, and connects these molecules with the fine-tuning regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in liver, muscle, pancreas, and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +1-734-615-0360 (W.Z.); +1-207-396-8050 (Z.L.)
| | - Ziru Li
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +1-734-615-0360 (W.Z.); +1-207-396-8050 (Z.L.)
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Yue B, Wang H, Cai X, Wang J, Chai Z, Peng W, Shu S, Fu C, Zhong J. Adipose-Secreted Exosomes and Their Pathophysiologic Effects on Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12411. [PMID: 36293266 PMCID: PMC9604254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its prominent secretory activity, adipose tissue (AT) is now considered a major player in the crosstalk between organs, especially with skeletal muscle. In which, exosomes are effective carriers for the intercellular material transfer of a wide range of molecules that can influence a series of physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells. Considering their underlying roles, the regulatory mechanisms of adipose-secreted exosomes and their cellular crosstalk with skeletal muscle have received great attention in the field. In this review, we describe what is currently known of adipose-secreted exosomes, as well as their applications in skeletal muscle pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Zhixin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Shi Shu
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
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Cechinel LR, Batabyal RA, Freishtat RJ, Zohn IE. Parental obesity-induced changes in developmental programming. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:918080. [PMID: 36274855 PMCID: PMC9585252 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.918080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies support the link between parental obesity and the predisposition to develop adult-onset metabolic syndromes that include obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes in the offspring. As the prevalence of obesity increases in persons of childbearing age, so does metabolic syndrome in their descendants. Understanding how parental obesity alters metabolic programs in the progeny, predisposing them to adult-onset metabolic syndrome, is key to breaking this cycle. This review explores the basis for altered metabolism of offspring exposed to overnutrition by focusing on critical developmental processes influenced by parental obesity. We draw from human and animal model studies, highlighting the adaptations in metabolism that occur during normal pregnancy that become maladaptive with obesity. We describe essential phases of development impacted by parental obesity that contribute to long-term alterations in metabolism in the offspring. These encompass gamete formation, placentation, adipogenesis, pancreas development, and development of brain appetite control circuits. Parental obesity alters the developmental programming of these organs in part by inducing epigenetic changes with long-term consequences on metabolism. While exposure to parental obesity during any of these phases is sufficient to alter long-term metabolism, offspring often experience multiple exposures throughout their development. These insults accumulate to increase further the susceptibility of the offspring to the obesogenic environments of modern society.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with redox imbalance. Downregulation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2) plays important roles in disrupting myocardial redox homeostasis and mediating sympathetic nerve activity in the setting of CHF. However, it is unclear if circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) elicit sympathetic excitation in CHF by disrupting central redox homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that cardiac-derived EVs circulate to the presympathetic rostral ventrolateral medulla and contribute to oxidative stress and sympathetic excitation via EV-enriched microRNA-mediated Nrf2 downregulation. METHODS Data were collected on rats with CHF post-myocardial infarction (MI) and on human subjects with ischemic CHF. EVs were isolated from tissue and plasma, and we determined the miRNAs cargo that related to targeting Nrf2 translation. We tracked the distribution of cardiac-derived EVs using in vitro labeled circulating EVs and cardiac-specific membrane GFP+ transgenic mice. Finally, we tested the impact of exogenously loading of antagomirs to specific Nrf2-related miRNAs on CHF-EV-induced pathophysiological phenotypes in normal rats (eg, sympathetic and cardiac function). RESULTS Nrf2 downregulation in CHF rats was associated with an upregulation of Nrf2-targeting miRNAs, which were abundant in cardiac-derived and circulating EVs from rats and humans. EVs isolated from the brain of CHF rats were also enriched with Nrf2-targeting miRNAs and cardiac-specific miRNAs. Cardiac-derived EVs were taken up by neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. The administration of cardiac-derived and circulating EVs from CHF rats into the rostral ventrolateral medulla of normal rats evoked an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity and plasma norepinephrine compared with Sham-operated rats, which were attenuated by exogenously preloading CHF-EVs with antagomirs to Nrf2-targeting miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac microRNA-enriched EVs from animals with CHF can mediate crosstalk between the heart and the brain in the regulation of sympathetic outflow by targeting the Nrf2/antioxidant signaling pathway. This new endocrine signaling pathway regulating sympathetic outflow in CHF may be exploited for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhai Tian
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Tara L. Rudebush
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Irving H. Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
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Crosstalk Between Adipose Tissue and the Heart: An Update. J Transl Int Med 2022; 10:219-226. [PMID: 36776231 PMCID: PMC9901553 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand how different human organs coordinate and interact with each other. Since obesity and cardiac disease frequently coincide, the crosstalk between adipose tissues and heart has drawn attention. We appreciate that specific peptides/proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and even organelles shuttle between the adipose tissues and heart. These bioactive components can profoundly affect the metabolism of cells in distal organs, including heart. Importantly, this process can be dysregulated under pathophysiological conditions. This also opens the door to efforts targeting these mediators as potential therapeutic strategies to treat patients who manifest diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we summarize the recent progress toward a better understanding of how the adipose tissues and heart interact with each other.
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Brown Adipose Tissue Sheds Extracellular Vesicles That Carry Potential Biomarkers of Metabolic and Thermogenesis Activity Which Are Affected by High Fat Diet Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810826. [PMID: 36142750 PMCID: PMC9504916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a key target for the development of new therapies against obesity due to its role in promoting energy expenditure; BAT secretory capacity is emerging as an important contributor to systemic effects, in which BAT extracellular vesicles (EVs) (i.e., batosomes) might be protagonists. EVs have emerged as a relevant cellular communication system and carriers of disease biomarkers. Therefore, characterization of the protein cargo of batosomes might reveal their potential as biomarkers of the metabolic activity of BAT. In this study, we are the first to isolate batosomes from lean and obese Sprague–Dawley rats, and to establish reference proteome maps. An LC-SWATH/MS analysis was also performed for comparisons with EVs secreted by white adipose tissue (subcutaneous and visceral WAT), and it showed that 60% of proteins were exclusive to BAT EVs. Precisely, batosomes of lean animals contain proteins associated with mitochondria, lipid metabolism, the electron transport chain, and the beta-oxidation pathway, and their protein cargo profile is dramatically affected by high fat diet (HFD) intervention. Thus, in obesity, batosomes are enriched with proteins involved in signal transduction, cell communication, the immune response, inflammation, thermogenesis, and potential obesity biomarkers including UCP1, Glut1, MIF, and ceruloplasmin. In conclusion, the protein cargo of BAT EVs is affected by the metabolic status and contains potential biomarkers of thermogenesis activity.
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32
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Guevara-Olaya L, Chimal-Vega B, Castañeda-Sánchez CY, López-Cossio LY, Pulido-Capiz A, Galindo-Hernández O, Díaz-Molina R, Ruiz Esparza-Cisneros J, García-González V. LDL Promotes Disorders in β-Cell Cholesterol Metabolism, Implications on Insulin Cellular Communication Mediated by EVs. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080754. [PMID: 36005626 PMCID: PMC9415214 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is described as a hallmark of metabolic syndrome, promoting a stage of metabolic inflammation (metainflammation) that could lead to misbalances in energetic metabolism, contributing to insulin resistance, and modifying intracellular cholesterol pathways and the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in pancreatic islets. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) hypercholesterolemia could disrupt the tissue communication between Langerhans β-cells and hepatocytes, wherein extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by β-cells, and exposition to LDL can impair these phenomena. β-cells activate compensatory mechanisms to maintain insulin and metabolic homeostasis; therefore, the work aimed to characterize the impact of LDL on β-cell cholesterol metabolism and the implication on insulin secretion, connected with the regulation of cellular communication mediated by EVs on hepatocytes. Our results suggest that β-cells can endocytose LDL, promoting an increase in de novo cholesterol synthesis targets. Notably, LDL treatment increased mRNA levels and insulin secretion; this hyperinsulinism condition was associated with the transcription factor PDX-1. However, a compensatory response that maintains basal levels of intracellular calcium was described, mediated by the overexpression of calcium targets PMCA1/4, SERCA2, and NCX1, together with the upregulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) through the activation of IRE1 and PERK arms to maintain protein homeostasis. The LDL treatment induced metainflammation by IL-6, NF-κB, and COX-2 overexpression. Furthermore, LDL endocytosis triggered an imbalance of the RAS components. LDL treatment increased the intracellular levels of cholesterol on lipid droplets; the adaptive β-cell response was portrayed by the overexpression of cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Therefore, lipotoxicity and hyperinsulinism induced by LDL were regulated by the natural compound auraptene, a geranyloxyn coumarin modulator of cholesterol-esterification by ACAT1 enzyme inhibition. EVs isolated from β-cells impaired insulin signaling via mTOR/p70S6Kα in hepatocytes, a phenomenon regulated by auraptene. Our results show that LDL overload plays a novel role in hyperinsulinism, mechanisms associated with a dysregulation of intracellular cholesterol, lipotoxicity, and the adaptive UPR, which may be regulated by coumarin-auraptene; these conditions explain the affectations that occur during the initial stages of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Guevara-Olaya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - Brenda Chimal-Vega
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - César Yahel Castañeda-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - Leslie Y. López-Cossio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - Angel Pulido-Capiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - Octavio Galindo-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | - Raúl Díaz-Molina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
| | | | - Victor García-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de BC, Mexicali 21000, BC, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Reiterer M, Gilani A, Lo JC. Pancreatic Islets as a Target of Adipokines. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4039-4065. [PMID: 35950650 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rising rates of obesity are intricately tied to the type 2 diabetes epidemic. The adipose tissues can play a central role in protection against or triggering metabolic diseases through the secretion of adipokines. Many adipokines may improve peripheral insulin sensitivity through a variety of mechanisms, thereby indirectly reducing the strain on beta cells and thus improving their viability and functionality. Such effects will not be the focus of this article. Rather, we will focus on adipocyte-secreted molecules that have a direct effect on pancreatic islets. By their nature, adipokines represent potential druggable targets that can reach the islets and improve beta-cell function or preserve beta cells in the face of metabolic stress. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-27, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Reiterer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ankit Gilani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - James C Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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34
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Osikoya O, Cushen SC, Gardner JJ, Raetz MM, Nagarajan B, Raut S, Goulopoulou S. Exosomes facilitate intercellular communication between uterine perivascular adipose tissue and vascular smooth muscle cells in pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H577-H584. [PMID: 35904885 PMCID: PMC9448271 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00322.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is distinct from other adipose depots as it has differential gene and protein profiles and vasoactive functions. We have shown that pregnancy affects the morphology of PVAT surrounding the uterine arteries (utPVAT) differentially than the morphology of non-perivascular reproductive adipose depots (i.e., periovarian adipose tissue, OVAT). Here, we hypothesized that pregnancy modifies the profile (size and molecular weight) of exosome-like extracellular vesicles released by utPVAT (Exo-utPVAT) compared to OVAT (Exo-OVAT) and that primary uterine vascular smooth muscle cells (utVSMCs) can internalize Exo-utPVAT. Our findings indicate that utPVAT from pregnant and non-pregnant rats secrete exosome-like vesicles. Exo-utPVAT from pregnant rats were smaller (i.e., molecular size) and heavier (i.e., molecular weight) than those from non-pregnant rats, while pregnancy did not affect the size of Exo-OVAT. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy showed that primary utVSMCs internalized Exo-utPVAT (both tissues from the same pregnant rat) labeled by the lipophilic tracer DiO. Treatment of isolated uterine arteries with Exo-utPVAT did not affect relaxation responses to acetylcholine (ACh) in pregnant or non-pregnant rats. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a novel type of intercellular communication between Exo-utPVAT and utVSMCs and indicate pregnancy modulates the morphology and cargo of Exo-utPVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobiloba Osikoya
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Spencer C Cushen
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer J Gardner
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Megan M Raetz
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Bhavani Nagarajan
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Sangram Raut
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.,Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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35
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Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Provide New Insights into Diabetes Pathobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105779. [PMID: 35628588 PMCID: PMC9147902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to define the proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscape of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes (PDM), and diabetes (T2DM). Archived serum samples from 30 human subjects (n = 10 per group, ORIGINS study, NCT02226640) were used. EVs were isolated using EVtrap®. Mass spectrometry-based methods were used to detect the global EV proteome and phosphoproteome. Differentially expressed features, correlation, enriched pathways, and enriched tissue-specific protein sets were identified using custom R scripts. Phosphosite-centric analyses were conducted using directPA and PhosR software packages. A total of 2372 unique EV proteins and 716 unique EV phosphoproteins were identified among all samples. Unsupervised clustering of the differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05, FDR < 0.05) proteins and, particularly, phosphoproteins showed excellent discrimination among the three groups. CDK1 and PKCδ appear to drive key upstream phosphorylation events that define the phosphoproteomic signatures of PDM and T2DM. Circulating EVs from people with diabetes carry increased levels of specific phosphorylated kinases (i.e., AKT1, GSK3B, LYN, MAP2K2, MYLK, and PRKCD) and could potentially distribute activated kinases systemically. Among characteristic changes in the PDM and T2DM EVs, “integrin switching” appeared to be a central feature. Proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), known to be reduced in various tissues in diabetes, were significantly increased in EVs from PDM and T2DM, which suggests that an abnormally elevated EV-mediated secretion of OXPHOS components may underlie the development of diabetes. A highly enriched signature of liver-specific markers among the downregulated EV proteins and phosphoproteins in both PDM and T2DM groups was also detected. This suggests that an alteration in liver EV composition and/or secretion may occur early in prediabetes. This study identified EV proteomic and phosphoproteomic signatures in people with prediabetes and T2DM and provides novel insight into the pathobiology of diabetes.
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Herrlich A, Kefaloyianni E, Rose-John S. Mechanisms of interorgan crosstalk in health and disease. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:529-533. [PMID: 35288939 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrlich
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eirini Kefaloyianni
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
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Browning Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Friend or Foe? Cells 2022; 11:cells11060991. [PMID: 35326442 PMCID: PMC8947372 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat depot of the heart which is highly plastic and in direct contact with myocardium and coronary arteries. Because of its singular proximity with the myocardium, the adipokines and pro-inflammatory molecules secreted by this tissue may directly affect the metabolism of the heart and coronary arteries. Its accumulation, measured by recent new non-invasive imaging modalities, has been prospectively associated with the onset and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation in humans. Recent studies have shown that EAT exhibits beige fat-like features, and express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) at both mRNA and protein levels. However, this thermogenic potential could be lost with age, obesity and CAD. Here we provide an overview of the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of EAT and further discuss whether its thermogenic properties may serve as a target for obesity therapeutic management with a specific focus on the role of immune cells in this beiging phenomenon.
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Krawczenko A, Klimczak A. Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Contribution to Angiogenic Processes in Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052425. [PMID: 35269568 PMCID: PMC8910401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are widely described in the context of their regenerative and immunomodulatory activity. MSCs are isolated from various tissues and organs. The most frequently described sources are bone marrow and adipose tissue. As stem cells, MSCs are able to differentiate into other cell lineages, but they are usually reported with respect to their paracrine potential. In this review, we focus on MSCs derived from adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and their secretome in regeneration processes. Special attention is given to the contribution of AT-MSCs and their derivatives to angiogenic processes described mainly in the context of angiogenic dysfunction. Finally, we present clinical trials registered to date that concern the application of AT-MSCs and their secretome in various medical conditions.
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Zhang F, Guo J, Zhang Z, Duan M, Wang G, Qian Y, Zhao H, Yang Z, Jiang X. Application of engineered extracellular vesicles for targeted tumor therapy. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:14. [PMID: 35189894 PMCID: PMC8862579 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, could release extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs contain many cellular components, including RNA, and surface proteins, and are essential for maintaining normal intercellular communication and homeostasis of the internal environment. EVs released from different tissues and cells exhibit excellent properties and functions (e.g., targeting specificity, regulatory ability, physical durability, and immunogenicity), rendering them a potential new option for drug delivery and precision therapy. EVs have been demonstrated to transport antitumor drugs for tumor therapy; additionally, EVs' contents and surface substance can be altered to improve their therapeutic efficacy in the clinic by boosting targeting potential and drug delivery effectiveness. EVs can regulate immune system function by affecting the tumor microenvironment, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. Co-delivery systems for EVs can be utilized to further improve the drug delivery efficiency of EVs, including hydrogels and liposomes. In this review, we discuss the isolation technologies of EVs, as well as engineering approaches to their modification. Moreover, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of EVs in tumors, including engineered extracellular vesicles and EVs' co-delivery systems. Technologies such as microfluidics can improve EVs isolation efficiency. Engineering technologies can improve EVs drug loading efficiency and tumor targeting. EVs-based drug co-delivery systems are being developed, such as those with liposomes and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinshuai Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenghou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meiqi Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiping Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Dowling L, Duseja A, Vilaca T, Walsh JS, Goljanek-Whysall K. MicroRNAs in obesity, sarcopenia, and commonalities for sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:68-85. [PMID: 34984856 PMCID: PMC8818592 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is a distinct condition of sarcopenia in the context of obesity, with the cumulative health risks of both phenotypes. Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported separately in people with obesity and sarcopenia and may play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity. However, this has not been explored to date. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs reported in serum, plasma, and skeletal muscle of people with obesity and sarcopenia and whether there are any commonalities between these conditions. We performed a systematic review on Embase and MEDLINE (PROSPERO, CRD42020224486) for differentially expressed miRNAs (fold change >1.5 or P-value <0.05) in (i) sarcopenia or frailty and (ii) obesity or metabolic syndrome. The functions and targets of miRNAs commonly changed in both conditions, in the same direction, were searched using PubMed. Following deduplication, 247 obesity and 42 sarcopenia studies were identified for full-text screening. Screening identified 36 obesity and 6 sarcopenia studies for final inclusion. A total of 351 miRNAs were identified in obesity and 157 in sarcopenia. Fifty-five miRNAs were identified in both obesity and sarcopenia-by sample type, 48 were found in plasma and one each in serum and skeletal muscle. Twenty-four miRNAs were identified from 10 of the included studies as commonly changed in the same direction (22 in plasma and one each in serum and skeletal muscle) in obesity and sarcopenia. The majority of miRNA-validated targets identified in the literature search were members of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and transforming growth factor-β signalling pathways. The most common targets identified were insulin-like growth factor 1 (miR-424-5p, miR-483-3p, and miR-18b-5p) and members of the SMAD family (miR-483-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-424-5p). The majority of commonly changed miRNAs were involved in protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, determination of muscle fibre type, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis. Twenty-four miRNAs were identified as commonly dysregulated in obesity and sarcopenia with functions and targets implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity. Given the adverse health outcomes associated with sarcopenic obesity, understanding the pathogenesis underlying this phenotype has the potential to lead to effective screening, monitoring, or treatment strategies. Further research is now required to confirm whether these miRNAs are differentially expressed in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Di Liberto V, Frinchi M, Caciagli F, Caruso V, Ciccarelli R, Mudò G, Di Iorio P. Adipose Stromal/Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Next-Generation Anti-Obesity Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031543. [PMID: 35163472 PMCID: PMC8836090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, several compounds have been identified for the treatment of obesity. However, due to the complexity of the disease, many pharmacological interventions have raised concerns about their efficacy and safety. Therefore, it is important to discover new factors involved in the induction/progression of obesity. Adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs), which are mostly isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue, are the primary cells contributing to the expansion of fat mass. Like other cells, ASCs release nanoparticles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are being actively studied for their potential applications in a variety of diseases. Here, we focused on the importance of the contribution of ASC-derived EVs in the regulation of metabolic processes. In addition, we outlined the advantages/disadvantages of the use of EVs as potential next-generation anti-obesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.D.L.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.D.L.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Vanni Caruso
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia;
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Stem TeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.D.L.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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Yamaguchi S, Zhang D, Katayama A, Kurooka N, Sugawara R, Albuayjan HHH, Nakatsuka A, Eguchi J, Wada J. Adipocyte-Specific Inhibition of Mir221/222 Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity Through Targeting Ddit4. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:750261. [PMID: 35046889 PMCID: PMC8762293 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.750261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs expressed in adipocytes are involved in transcriptional regulation of target mRNAs in obesity, but miRNAs critically involved in this process is not well characterized. Here, we identified upregulation of miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p in the white adipose tissues in C57BL/6 mice fed with high fat-high sucrose (HFHS) chow by RNA sequencing. Mir221 and Mir222 are paralogous genes and share the common seed sequence and Mir221/222AdipoKO mice fed with HFHS chow demonstrated resistance to the development of obesity compared with Mir221/222flox/y . Ddit4 is a direct target of Mir221 and Mir222, and the upregulation of Ddit4 in Mir221/222AdipoKO was associated with the suppression of TSC2 (tuberous sclerosis complex 2)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/S6K (ribosomal protein S6 kinase) pathway. The overexpression of miR-222-3p linked to enhanced adipogenesis, and it may be a potential candidate for miRNA-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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43
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Tu J, Wang Y, Jin L, Huang W. Bile acids, gut microbiota and metabolic surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:929530. [PMID: 36072923 PMCID: PMC9441571 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.929530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic surgery, or bariatric surgery, is currently the most effective approach for treating obesity and its complications. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are the top two types of commonly performed metabolic surgery now. The precise mechanisms of how the surgeries work are still unclear, therefore much research has been conducted in this area. Gut hormones such as GLP-1 and PYY have been studied extensively in the context of metabolic surgery because they both participate in satiety and glucose homeostasis. Bile acids, whose functions cover intestinal lipid absorption and various aspects of metabolic regulation via the action of FXR, TGR5, and other bile acid receptors, have also been actively investigated as potential mediators of metabolic surgery. Additionally, gut microbiota and their metabolites have also been studied because they can affect metabolic health. The current review summarizes and compares the recent scientific progress made on identifying the mechanisms of RYGB and VSG. One of the long-term goals of metabolic/bariatric surgery research is to develop new pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Because obesity is a growing health concern worldwide, there is a dire need in developing novel non-invasive treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui Tu
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biomedical Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yangmeng Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biomedical Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wendong Huang,
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44
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Zheng Y, Li M, Weng B, Mao H, Zhao J. Exosome-based delivery nanoplatforms: Next-generation theranostic platforms for breast cancer. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1607-1625. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00062h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent type of malignancy, and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women across the globe. Exosomes are naturally derived 50-150 nm nanovesicles with a...
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Mei R, Qin W, Zheng Y, Wan Z, Liu L. Role of Adipose Tissue Derived Exosomes in Metabolic Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873865. [PMID: 35600580 PMCID: PMC9114355 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues perform physiological functions such as energy storage and endocrine, whose dysfunction will lead to severe metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidences show that exosomes can meditate communications between different tissues by transporting nucleic acids, proteins and other biological factors. More importantly, exosomes secreted by adipose tissue function as critical contributing factors that elucidate specific mechanisms in metabolic disturbance such as obesity, adipose inflammation and diabetes etc. Adipose tissue is the major source of circulating exosomal miRNAs. miRNA secreted from adipose tissues not only altered in patients with metabolic disease, but also result in an increase in metabolic organ talk. Here we have reviewed the latest progress on the role of adipose tissue derived exosomes roles in metabolic disorders. Moreover, the current obstacles hindering exosome-based therapeutic strategies have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhuo Wan
- *Correspondence: Zhuo Wan, ; Li Liu,
| | - Li Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhuo Wan, ; Li Liu,
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Li SR, Man QW, Gao X, Lin H, Wang J, Su FC, Wang HQ, Bu LL, Liu B, Chen G. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in cancers and non-cancer diseases: Present and future. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12175. [PMID: 34918479 PMCID: PMC8678102 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid‐bilayer membrane structures secreted by most cell types. EVs act as messengers via the horizontal transfer of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and influence various pathophysiological processes in both parent and recipient cells. Compared to EVs obtained from body fluids or cell culture supernatants, EVs isolated directly from tissues possess a number of advantages, including tissue specificity, accurate reflection of tissue microenvironment, etc., thus, attention should be paid to tissue‐derived EVs (Ti‐EVs). Ti‐EVs are present in the interstitium of tissues and play pivotal roles in intercellular communication. Moreover, Ti‐EVs provide an excellent snapshot of interactions among various cell types with a common histological background. Thus, Ti‐EVs may be used to gain insights into the development and progression of diseases. To date, extensive investigations have focused on the role of body fluid‐derived EVs or cell culture‐derived EVs; however, the number of studies on Ti‐EVs remains insufficient. Herein, we summarize the latest advances in Ti‐EVs for cancers and non‐cancer diseases. We propose the future application of Ti‐EVs in basic research and clinical practice. Workflows for Ti‐EV isolation and characterization between cancers and non‐cancer diseases are reviewed and compared. Moreover, we discuss current issues associated with Ti‐EVs and provide potential directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ran Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Wen Man
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Chuan Su
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Piquet M, Martínez MC, Romacho T. Inter-Organ Crosstalk in the Development of Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 274:205-226. [PMID: 34853949 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes have led to intensive investigation of the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and their main complications such as cardiovascular diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This search has contributed to better understand how organs and tissues communicate with each other in the so-called inter-organ crosstalk. Adipose tissue, the liver, or skeletal muscle can actively release secreted factors termed "organokines" which can interact with other distant targets in complex networks. More recently, other novel mediators of inter-organ crosstalk such as extracellular vesicles and their non-traditional cargoes as miRNAs and lncRNAs are gaining importance and represent potential therapeutic targets. In the present chapter we summarize some of the current knowledge on inter-organ communication with a focus on adipose tissue-released factors and their modulation on other organs and tissues like pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, the cardiovascular system, and the gut in the context of obesity and its progression to insulin resistance. We also provide a perspective on mediators of inter-organ crosstalk as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Piquet
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | | | - Tania Romacho
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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48
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Romero A, Eckel J. Organ Crosstalk and the Modulation of Insulin Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082082. [PMID: 34440850 PMCID: PMC8394808 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly complex network of organ communication plays a key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis, specifically due to the modulation of the insulin signaling machinery. As a paradigm, the role of adipose tissue in organ crosstalk has been extensively investigated, but tissues such as muscles and the liver are equally important players in this scenario. Perturbation of organ crosstalk is a hallmark of insulin resistance, emphasizing the importance of crosstalk molecules in the modulation of insulin signaling, potentially leading to defects in insulin action. Classically secreted proteins are major crosstalk molecules and are able to affect insulin signaling in both directions. In this review, we aim to focus on some crosstalk mediators with an impact on the early steps of insulin signaling. In addition, we also summarize the current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in relation to insulin signaling, a more recently discovered additional component of organ crosstalk. Finally, an attempt will be made to identify inter-connections between these two pathways of organ crosstalk and the potential impact on the insulin signaling network.
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Bruno A, Di Sano C, Simon HU, Chanez P, Patti AM, Di Vincenzo S, Dino P, D'Esposito V, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Pace E. Leptin and TGF-β1 Downregulate PREP1 Expression in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mature Adipocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:700481. [PMID: 34327205 PMCID: PMC8315375 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.700481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is widely recognized as an extremely active endocrine organ producing adipokines as leptin that bridge metabolism and the immune system. Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (Pbx)-regulating protein-1 (PREP1) is a ubiquitous homeodomain transcription factor involved in the adipogenic differentiation and insulin-sensitivity processes. Leptin, as pleiotropic adipokine, and TGF-β, known to be expressed by primary pre-adipocytes [adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)] and mature differentiated adipocytes, modulate inflammatory responses. We aimed to assess for the first time if leptin and TGF-β interfere with PREP1 expression in both ASCs and mature differentiated adipocytes. Human ASCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose liposuction and, after expansion, fully differentiated to mature adipocytes. In both ASCs and adipocytes, leptin and TGF-β1 significantly decreased the expression of PREP1, alone and following concurrent Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. Moreover, in adipocytes, but not in ASCs, leptin increased TLR4 and IL-33 expression, whereas TGF-β1 enhanced TLR4 and IL-6 expression. Taken together, we provide evidence for a direct regulation of PREP1 by leptin and TGF-β1 in ASCs and mature adipocytes. The effects of leptin and TGF-β1 on immune receptors and cytokines, however, are limited to mature adipocytes, suggesting that modulating immune responses depends on the differentiation of ASCs. Further studies are needed to fully understand the regulation of PREP1 expression and its potential for the development of new therapeutic approaches in obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Bruno
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases CIC Nord INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Dino
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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Cheong LY, Xu A. Intercellular and inter-organ crosstalk in browning of white adipose tissue: molecular mechanism and therapeutic complications. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:466-479. [PMID: 34185049 PMCID: PMC8530522 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is highly plastic and heterogeneous in response to environmental and nutritional changes. The development of heat-dissipating beige adipocytes in white AT (WAT) through a process known as browning (or beiging) has garnered much attention as a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity and its related metabolic complications. This is due to its inducibility in response to thermogenic stimulation and its association with improved metabolic health. WAT consists of adipocytes, nerves, vascular endothelial cells, various types of immune cells, adipocyte progenitor cells, and fibroblasts. These cells contribute to the formation of beige adipocytes through the release of protein factors that significantly influence browning capacity. In addition, inter-organ crosstalk is also important for beige adipocyte biogenesis. Here, we summarize recent findings on fat depot-specific differences, secretory factors participating in intercellular and inter-organ communications that regulate the recruitment of thermogenic beige adipocytes, as well as challenges in targeting beige adipocytes as a potential anti-obese therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Yee Cheong
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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