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Chastain DB, Spradlin M, Ahmad H, Henao-Martínez AF. Unintended Consequences: Risk of Opportunistic Infections Associated With Long-term Glucocorticoid Therapies in Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:e37-e56. [PMID: 37669916 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widespread anti-inflammatory medications used in medical practice. The immunosuppressive effects of systemic glucocorticoids and increased susceptibility to infections are widely appreciated. However, the dose-dependent model frequently used may not accurately predict the risk of infection in all patients treated with long-term glucocorticoids. In this review, we examine the risks of opportunistic infections (OIs) in patients requiring glucocorticoid therapy by evaluating the influence of the glucocorticoid dose, duration, and potency, combined with biological and host clinical factors and concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. We propose strategies to prevent OIs, which involve screening, antimicrobial prophylaxis, and immunizations. While this review focuses on patients with autoimmune, inflammatory, or neoplastic diseases, the potential risks and preventative strategies are likely applicable to other populations. Clinicians should actively assess the benefit-harm ratios of systemic glucocorticoids and implement preventive efforts to decrease their associated infections complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Chastain
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Albany, Georgia, USA
| | - Megan Spradlin
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hiba Ahmad
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Khadka S, Dziadowicz SA, Xu X, Wang L, Hu G, Busada JT. Endogenous glucocorticoids are required for normal macrophage activation and gastric Helicobacter pylori immunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.14.575574. [PMID: 38293225 PMCID: PMC10827053 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.14.575574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones well-known for their potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, their immunomodulatory properties are multifaceted. Increasing evidence suggests that glucocorticoid signaling promotes effective immunity and that disruption of glucocorticoid signaling impairs immune function. In this study, we conditionally deleted the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the myeloid lineage using the LysM-Cre driver (myGRKO). We examined the impact on macrophage activation and gastric immune responses to Helicobacter pylori , the best-known risk factor of gastric cancer. Our results indicate that compared to WT, GRKO macrophages exhibited higher expression of proinflammatory genes in steroid-free conditions. However, when challenged in vivo, GRKO macrophages exhibited aberrant chromatin landscapes and impaired proinflammatory gene expression profiles. Moreover, gastric colonization with Helicobacter revealed impaired gastric immune responses and reduced T cell recruitment in myGRKO mice. As a result, myGRKO mice were protected from atrophic gastritis and pyloric metaplasia development. These results demonstrate a dual role for glucocorticoid signaling in preparing macrophages to respond to bacterial infection but limiting their pathogenic activation. In addition, our results support that macrophages are critical for gastric anti- Helicobacter immunity.
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Grant I, Krupitsky E, Vetrova M, Umlauf A, Heaton RK, Hauger RL, Toussova O, Franklin DR, Letendre SL, Woody G, Blokhina E, Lioznov D, Zvartau E. Effects of Opioid Withdrawal on Psychobiology in People Living with HIV. Viruses 2024; 16:92. [PMID: 38257791 PMCID: PMC10818595 DOI: 10.3390/v16010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many persons with opioid use disorders (OUDs) have HIV disease and experience clinically significant stress after they enroll in abstinence-based treatment and undergo medically assisted withdrawal. We examined whether opioid withdrawal affects virologic control, inflammatory markers, cognition, and mood in persons with an OUD and HIV, and explored whether measures of withdrawal stress, such as activation of the HPA axis, contribute to alterations in immune function, cognition, and mood. METHOD AND PARTICIPANTS Study participants were 53 persons with HIV who were admitted for OUD treatment at the City Addiction Hospital in Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. Participants were examined at admission, at the anticipated peak of withdrawal 3 to 7 days after the last day of a clonidine-based withdrawal process lasting 7 to 14 days, and 3 to 4 weeks after completing withdrawal. At these times, participants received medical exams and were evaluated for symptoms of withdrawal, as well as cognition and mood. Viral load, plasma cortisol, DHEA sulfate ester (DHEA-S), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were determined. Multivariable models examined the relationships between markers of HPA activation and the other parameters over time. RESULTS HPA activation as indexed by cortisol/DHEA-S ratio increased during withdrawal, as did markers of immune activation, IL-6 and sCD14. There were no significant associations between viral load and indicators of HPA activation. In longitudinal analyses, higher cortisol/DHEA sulfate was related to worse cognition overall, and more mood disturbance. Increase in IL-6 was associated with worse cognitive performance on a learning task. There were no significant associations with sCD14. CONCLUSIONS Worsening of cognition and measures of mood disturbance during withdrawal were associated with activation of the HPA axis and some measures of inflammation. Whether repeated episodes of opioid withdrawal have a cumulative impact on long-term HIV outcomes and neurocognition is a topic for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Grant
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; (A.U.); (R.K.H.); (R.L.H.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.L.)
| | - Evgeny Krupitsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Pavlov State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.K.); (M.V.); (O.T.); (E.B.); (D.L.); (E.Z.)
- Department of Addictions, Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Vetrova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pavlov State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.K.); (M.V.); (O.T.); (E.B.); (D.L.); (E.Z.)
| | - Anya Umlauf
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; (A.U.); (R.K.H.); (R.L.H.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.L.)
| | - Robert K. Heaton
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; (A.U.); (R.K.H.); (R.L.H.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.L.)
| | - Richard L. Hauger
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; (A.U.); (R.K.H.); (R.L.H.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.L.)
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olga Toussova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pavlov State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.K.); (M.V.); (O.T.); (E.B.); (D.L.); (E.Z.)
| | - Donald R. Franklin
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; (A.U.); (R.K.H.); (R.L.H.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.L.)
| | - Scott L. Letendre
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; (A.U.); (R.K.H.); (R.L.H.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.L.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - George Woody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Elena Blokhina
- Department of Pharmacology, Pavlov State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.K.); (M.V.); (O.T.); (E.B.); (D.L.); (E.Z.)
| | - Dmitry Lioznov
- Department of Pharmacology, Pavlov State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.K.); (M.V.); (O.T.); (E.B.); (D.L.); (E.Z.)
| | - Edwin Zvartau
- Department of Pharmacology, Pavlov State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.K.); (M.V.); (O.T.); (E.B.); (D.L.); (E.Z.)
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Khosravi M, MoriBazofti H, Mohammadian B, Rashno M. The effects of the differentiated macrophages by dexamethasone on the immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110826. [PMID: 37607463 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of M2 macrophages suggest immunotherapeutic approaches for inducing immunological tolerance. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of Dexamethasone (Dex) treatment on monocytes polarization and its impact on immune responses. The monocytes were extracted from the rat's blood samples. The effects of Dex concentration and treatment duration on monocyte viability, phagocytosis of rabbit red blood cell (RRBC) antigens, and cytokine gene expression were evaluated using MTT, ELISA, and Real-Time PCR analysis, respectively. The monocytes treated with Dex were injected into the rats as an autograft. The effects of the grafted cells were assessed on immune responses, monocyte differentiation, and pathological lesions, in comparison to the control groups. Treatment of monocytes with 10-5 M of Dex for 48 h increased the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β genes, while reducing the expression of TNF-α and IL-1 genes. The monocytes treated with antigen and Dex showed higher CD206 gene expression compared to CD80. The cells that were treated with Dex had the highest concentration of antigens after five days. Administration of the grafted cells to the animals has some significant effects on innate immune responses and no impact on pathological lesions. The group that received cells treated with Dex and antigen experienced a significant decrease in anti-RBC antibody titers. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the expression of cytokine genes and M2 differentiation markers among the groups that were evaluated. The effects of Dex on the viability and differentiation of monocytes depend on the dosage, timing, and duration of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hadis MoriBazofti
- D.V.M. Graduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Babak Mohammadian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Servin-Barthet C, Martínez-García M, Pretus C, Paternina-Die M, Soler A, Khymenets O, Pozo ÓJ, Leuner B, Vilarroya O, Carmona S. The transition to motherhood: linking hormones, brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:605-619. [PMID: 37612425 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We are witnessing a stark increase in scientific interest in the neurobiological processes associated with pregnancy and maternity. Convergent evidence suggests that around the time of labour, first-time mothers experience a specific pattern of neuroanatomical changes that are associated with maternal behaviour. Here we provide an overview of the human neurobiological adaptations of motherhood, focusing on the interplay between pregnancy-related steroid and peptide hormones, and neuroplasticity in the brain. We discuss which brain plasticity mechanisms might underlie the structural changes detected by MRI, which hormonal systems are likely to contribute to such neuroanatomical changes and how these brain mechanisms may be linked to maternal behaviour. This Review offers an overarching framework that can serve as a roadmap for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Servin-Barthet
- Unitat de Recerca en Neurociència Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Martínez-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Pretus
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de els Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Paternina-Die
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Soler
- Unitat de Recerca en Neurociència Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Óscar J Pozo
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- Psychology Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Unitat de Recerca en Neurociència Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Carmona
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Paglialunga M, Flamini S, Contini R, Febo M, Ricci E, Ronchetti S, Bereshchenko O, Migliorati G, Riccardi C, Bruscoli S. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Synthetic Peptides Based on Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) Protein for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). Cells 2023; 12:2294. [PMID: 37759516 PMCID: PMC10528232 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but their clinical effects and long-term use can lead to serious side effects. New drugs that can replace GCs are needed. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is induced by GCs and mediates many of their anti-inflammatory effects, such as inhibiting the pro-inflammatory molecule NF-κB. The GILZ C-terminal domain (PER region) is responsible for GILZ/p65NF-κB interaction and consequent inhibition of its transcriptional activity. A set of five short peptides spanning different parts of the PER region of GILZ protein was designed, and their anti-inflammatory activity was tested, both in vitro and in vivo. We tested the biological activity of GILZ peptides in human lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines to evaluate their inhibitory effect on the NF-κB-dependent expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among the tested peptides, the peptide named PEP-1 demonstrated the highest efficacy in inhibiting cell activation in vitro. Subsequently, PEP-1 was further evaluated in two in vivo experimental colitis models (chemically induced by DNBS administration and spontaneous colitis induced in IL-10 knock-out (KO) mice (to assess its effectiveness in counteracting inflammation. Results show that PEP-1 reduced disease severity in both colitis models associated with reduced NF-κB pro-inflammatory activity in colon lamina propria lymphocytes. This study explored GILZ-based 'small peptides' potential efficacy in decreasing lymphocyte activation and inflammation associated with experimental inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Small peptides have several advantages over the entire protein, including higher selectivity, better stability, and bioavailability profile, and are easy to synthesize and cost-effective. Thus, identifying active GILZ peptides could represent a new class of drugs for treating IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musetta Paglialunga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Sara Flamini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Raffaele Contini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Marta Febo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Erika Ricci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
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Liu Y, Zhou Y, Chu C, Jiang X. The role of macrophages in rosacea: implications for targeted therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211953. [PMID: 37691916 PMCID: PMC10484341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rosacea, a widespread chronic skin condition, may be influenced by macrophages, key immune cells in the skin, although their exact role is not yet fully understood. This review delves into the function of macrophages, their potential contribution to rosacea pathogenesis, current treatments, and promising macrophage-targeted therapies. It concludes by identifying knowledge gaps and potential areas for future rosacea research. Method Leveraging systematic and narrative literature review techniques, we conducted a comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Utilizing keywords like "rosacea" and "macrophages", we targeted English articles from the last 5 years (2018-2023). We manually checked reference lists of relevant articles for additional studies. We included only articles emphasizing macrophages' role in rosacea and/or the development of related therapies and published within the specified timeframe. Results The systematic search of electronic databases yielded a total of 4,263 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 articles were selected for inclusion in this review. These articles included original research studies, review articles, and clinical trials that focused on the role of macrophages in rosacea and/or the development of macrophage-targeted therapies for the disease. The selected articles provided a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current state of research on macrophages in rosacea, including their function in the skin, the potential mechanisms through which they may contribute to rosacea pathogenesis, and the current treatments and therapies available for the disease. Additionally, the articles identified gaps in knowledge regarding the role of macrophages in rosacea and suggested potential areas for future research. Conclusion This literature review emphasizes the important role that macrophages, vital immune cells in the skin, may play in the pathogenesis of rosacea, a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The selected studies suggest potential mechanisms by which these cells might contribute to rosacea progression, although these mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The studies also spotlight current rosacea treatments and illuminate the promising potential of new macrophage-focused therapies. Despite these insights, significant gaps persist in our understanding of the precise role of macrophages in rosacea. Future research in this area could provide further insights into the pathogenesis of rosacea and contribute to the development of more effective, targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenyu Chu
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lemal P, May K, König S, Schroyen M, Gengler N. Invited review: From heat stress to disease-Immune response and candidate genes involved in cattle thermotolerance. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00214-X. [PMID: 37164864 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress implies unfavorable effects on primary and functional traits in dairy cattle and, in consequence, on the profitability of the whole production system. The increasing number of days with extreme hot temperatures suggests that it is imperative to detect the heat stress status of animals based on adequate measures. However, confirming the heat stress status of an individual is still challenging, and, in consequence, the identification of novel heat stress biomarkers, including molecular biomarkers, remains a very relevant issue. Currently, it is known that heat stress seems to have unfavorable effects on immune system mechanisms, but this information is of limited use in the context of heat stress phenotyping. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge addressing the molecular mechanisms linking the relevant genes to the observed phenotype. In this review, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms explaining how heat stress affects the immune system and, therefore, increases the occurrence of immune-related diseases in cattle. In this regard, 2 relatively opposite hypotheses are under focus: the immunosuppressive action of cortisol, and the proinflammatory effect of heat stress. In both hypotheses, the modulation of the immune response during heat stress is highlighted. Moreover, it is possible to link candidate genes to these potential mechanisms. In this context, immune markers are very valuable indicators for the detection of heat stress in dairy cattle, broadening the portfolio of potential biomarkers for heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lemal
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - K May
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21B, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - S König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21B, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - M Schroyen
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Gengler
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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Cataldo Russomando A, Steinberg D, Gati I, Vogt Sionov R, Eliashar R, Friedman M, Gross M. Sinonasal Stent Coated with Sustained-Release Varnish of Mometasone Furoate Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Release from Macrophages: An In Vitro Study. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031015. [PMID: 36986875 PMCID: PMC10051169 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a sustained-release varnish (SRV) containing mometasone furoate (MMF) for sinonasal stents (SNS) to reduce mucosa inflammation in the sinonasal cavity. The SNS' segments coated with SRV-MMF or an SRV-placebo were incubated daily in a fresh DMEM at 37 °C for 20 days. The immunosuppressive activity of the collected DMEM supernatants was tested on the ability of mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages to secrete the cytokines' tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cytokine levels were determined by respective Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs). We found that the daily amount of MMF released from the coated SNS was sufficient to significantly inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-10 secretion from the macrophages up to days 14 and 17, respectively. SRV-MMF had, however, only a mild inhibitory effect on LPS-induced TNFα secretion as compared to the SRV-placebo-coated SNS. In conclusion, the coating of SNS with SRV-MMF provides a sustained delivery of MMF for at least 2 weeks, maintaining a level sufficient for inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine release. This technological platform is, therefore, expected to provide anti-inflammatory benefits during the postoperative healing period and may play a significant role in the future treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cataldo Russomando
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Doron Steinberg
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Irith Gati
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ron Eliashar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Michael Friedman
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Menachem Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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10
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Zhang Q, Sun W, Li T, Liu F. Polarization Behavior of Bone Macrophage as Well as Associated Osteoimmunity in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:879-894. [PMID: 36891172 PMCID: PMC9986469 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s401968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GIONFH) is a disabling disease with high mortality in China but the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be investigated. Macrophages are considered the key cells in osteoimmunology, and the cross-talk between bone macrophages and other cells in the microenvironment is involved in maintaining bone homeostasis. M1 polarized macrophages launch a chronic inflammatory response and secrete a broad spectrum of cytokines (eg, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and chemokines to initiate a chronic inflammatory state in GIONFH. M2 macrophage is the alternatively activated anti-inflammatory type distributed mainly in the perivascular area of the necrotic femoral head. In the development of GIONFH, injured bone vascular endothelial cells and necrotic bone activate the TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway, promote dimerization of PKM2 and subsequently enhance the production of HIF-1, inducing metabolic transformation of macrophage to the M1 phenotype. Considering these findings, putative interventions by local chemokine regulation to correct the imbalance between M1/M2 polarized macrophages by switching macrophages to an M2 phenotype, or inhibiting the adoption of an M1 phenotype appear to be plausible regimens for preventing or intervening GIONFH in the early stage. However, these results were mainly obtained by in vitro tissue or experimental animal model. Further studies to completely elucidate the alterations of the M1/M2 macrophage polarization and functions of macrophages in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving & Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Department, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengqi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanxiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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11
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Meng D, Wang H, Song B, Zhang H, Fu R, Wang S, Li J, Zhang J. Characterization and bioactivity analysis of a heteropolysaccharide purified from Paenibacillus edaphicus strain UJ1. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:57-66. [PMID: 36347363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many polysaccharides produced by Paenibacillus spp. have attractive properties, such as rheological modification and immunomodulation. However, properties of P. edaphicus polysaccharides are not understood sufficiently. Here, the polysaccharide (PUM) was obtained from P. edaphicus strain UJ1 by batch fermentation, and the chemical characteristics, rheological and anti-inflammatory properties of PUM and its sulfate derivative (PUM-S) were investigated. The results indicated that PUM was a typical shear-thinning biopolymer with an estimated weight average molecular weight of 2.45 × 107 Da. PUM molecule consisted of D-Man, D-GlcA, D-Glc, D-Gal, and L-Fuc with the molar ratio of 3.00:1.07:3.21:0.81:0.76. It had the backbone → 3)-β-D-Man-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glc-(1 → 3)-β-D-Man-(1 → 3)β-D-Glc-(1 → 4)-β-D-GlcA-(1 → 3)-β-D-Man-(1 → and two side chains, namely, pyruvoyl-Glc-(1→ and β-L-Fuc-(1 → 3)-β-D-Gal-(1→. Moreover, PUM-S was prepared by SO3-pyridine method and had the weight average molecular weight of 1.42 × 105 Da. The bioactivity of PUM and PUM-S was analyzed in vitro in RAW 264.7 cells. The results indicated that both PUM and PUM-S facilitated cell proliferation at 50-500 μg/mL. Besides, PUM-S showed potential anti-inflammatory effect in the LPS-induced cells. According to transcription and molecular dynamics analyses, PUM-S expressed its activity probably by interacting with the Toll-like receptor 4. In general, P. edaphicus produced a polysaccharide with new chemical structure and promising rheological and bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyao Meng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Baocai Song
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Renjie Fu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
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12
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Strokotova AV, Grigorieva EV. Glucocorticoid Effects on Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415678. [PMID: 36555315 PMCID: PMC9778983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that play diverse roles in numerous normal and pathological processes. They are actively used to treat a wide variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, cancers, and COVID-19, among others. However, the long-term use of glucocorticoids is associated with numerous side effects. Molecular mechanisms of these negative side effects are not completely understood. Recently, arguments have been made that one such mechanisms may be related to the influence of glucocorticoids on O-glycosylated components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix, in particular on proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. The potential toxic effects of glucocorticoids on these glycosylated macromolecules are particularly meaningful for brain physiology because proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans are the main extracellular components of brain tissue. Here, we aim to review the known effects of glucocorticoids on proteoglycan expression and glycosaminoglycan content in different tissues, with a specific focus on the brain.
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13
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Ferreira de Matos C, Comont T, Castex MP, Lafaurie M, Walter O, Moulis G, Dion J, Cougoul P. Risk of vaso-occlusive episodes in patients with sickle cell disease exposed to systemic corticosteroids: a comprehensive review. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:1045-1054. [PMID: 36412212 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2149488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most frequent inherited disorder in the world. It is caused by a single amino acid mutation on the beta-globin chain, which lead to red blood cell deformation, haemolysis, and chronic inflammation. Clinical consequences are vaso-occlusives crisis, acute chest syndrome, thrombosis, infection, and chronic endothelial injury. AREAS COVERED Corticosteroids are an old therapeutic class, that are inexpensive and widely available, which can be administered in different forms. Their adverse effects are numerous and well-known. This class could appear to be useful in SCD treatment due to its anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, corticosteroids remain an essential therapeutic class for many indications, besides SCD. Although specific adverse effects of corticosteroids have been suspected in SCD patients for decades, recent papers has reported strong evidence of specific and severe adverse effects in this population. Based on a literature review, we will discuss pathophysiological considerations, consequences, and practical use of corticosteroids in SCD. EXPERT OPINION High corticosteroid doses, for any indication , induce vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome, and re-hospitalization in patients with SCD. There is no evidence of any benefits of corticosteroid use in the SCD acute events. Prevention by hydroxyurea and/or red blood cell transfusion or exchange should be discussed when corticosteroid use is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thibault Comont
- Internal Medicine Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Castex
- Pediatric Oncology Immunology Hematology Unit, Children's University Hospital - Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Margaux Lafaurie
- CIC 1436, Team Pharmacologie en Population, Cohortes, Biobanques (PEPSS), Toulouse, France.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Ondine Walter
- Internal Medicine Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,CIC 1436, Team Pharmacologie en Population, Cohortes, Biobanques (PEPSS), Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Moulis
- Internal Medicine Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,CIC 1436, Team Pharmacologie en Population, Cohortes, Biobanques (PEPSS), Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémie Dion
- Internal Medicine Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Cougoul
- Internal Medicine Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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14
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Merighi S, Nigro M, Travagli A, Gessi S. Microglia and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12990. [PMID: 36361780 PMCID: PMC9657945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a huge need for novel therapeutic and preventative approaches to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neuroinflammation seems to be one of the most fascinating solutions. The primary cell type that performs immunosurveillance and helps clear out unwanted chemicals from the brain is the microglia. Microglia work to reestablish efficiency and stop further degeneration in the early stages of AD but mainly fail in the illness's later phases. This may be caused by a number of reasons, e.g., a protracted exposure to cytokines that induce inflammation and an inappropriate accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. Extracellular amyloid and/or intraneuronal phosphorylated tau in AD can both activate microglia. The activation of TLRs and scavenger receptors, inducing the activation of numerous inflammatory pathways, including the NF-kB, JAK-STAT, and NLRP3 inflammasome, facilitates microglial phagocytosis and activation in response to these mediators. Aβ/tau are taken up by microglia, and their removal from the extracellular space can also have protective effects, but if the illness worsens, an environment that is constantly inflamed and overexposed to an oxidative environment might encourage continuous microglial activation, which can lead to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, iron overload, and neurotoxicity. The complexity and diversity of the roles that microglia play in health and disease necessitate the urgent development of new biomarkers that identify the activity of different microglia. It is imperative to comprehend the intricate mechanisms that result in microglial impairment to develop new immunomodulating therapies that primarily attempt to recover the physiological role of microglia, allowing them to carry out their core function of brain protection.
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15
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Wilmouth JJ, Olabe J, Garcia-Garcia D, Lucas C, Guiton R, Roucher-Boulez F, Dufour D, Damon-Soubeyrand C, Sahut-Barnola I, Pointud JC, Renaud Y, Levasseur A, Tauveron I, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A, Val P. Sexually dimorphic activation of innate antitumor immunity prevents adrenocortical carcinoma development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd0422. [PMID: 36240276 PMCID: PMC9565812 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Unlike most cancers, adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are more frequent in women than in men, but the underlying mechanisms of this sexual dimorphism remain elusive. Here, we show that inactivation of Znrf3 in the mouse adrenal cortex, recapitulating the most frequent alteration in ACC patients, is associated with sexually dimorphic tumor progression. Although female knockouts develop metastatic carcinomas at 18 months, adrenal hyperplasia regresses in male knockouts. This male-specific phenotype is associated with androgen-dependent induction of senescence, recruitment, and differentiation of highly phagocytic macrophages that clear out senescent cells. In contrast, in females, macrophage recruitment is delayed and dampened, which allows for aggressive tumor progression. Consistently, analysis of TCGA-ACC data shows that phagocytic macrophages are more prominent in men and are associated with better prognosis. Together, these data show that phagocytic macrophages are key players in the sexual dimorphism of ACC that could be previously unidentified allies in the fight against this devastating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Wilmouth
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Olabe
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Diana Garcia-Garcia
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cécily Lucas
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rachel Guiton
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Roucher-Boulez
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UM Pathologies Endocriniennes, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Dufour
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Damon-Soubeyrand
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Sahut-Barnola
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pointud
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoan Renaud
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Levasseur
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Endocrinologie Diabétologie CHU Clermont Ferrand, 58 rue Montalembert, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Val
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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16
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Acute stress induces severe neural inflammation and overactivation of glucocorticoid signaling in interleukin-18-deficient mice. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:404. [PMID: 36151082 PMCID: PMC9508168 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL18) is an inflammatory cytokine that is related to psychiatric disorders such as depression and cognitive impairment. We previously found that IL18 deficiency may cause hippocampal impairment, resulting in depression-like behavioral changes. However, the potential role of IL18 in stressful conditions remains uncertain. In the present study, we examined the effect of IL18 on neural inflammation and stress tolerance during acute stress. Littermate Il18+/+ and Il18-/- mice were exposed to a single restraint stress for 6 h, and all assessments were performed 18 h after the mice were released from the restraint. In Il18-/- mice exposed to acute stress, the immobility times in both the forced swim test and tail suspension test were decreased, although no difference was observed in Il18+/+ mice. Il1β, Il6, and Tnfα expression levels in the hippocampus of stressed Il18-/- mice were significantly higher than those in the other groups. Moreover, the numbers of astrocytes and microglia, including those in the active form, were also increased compared with those in other groups. Regarding the molecular mechanism, the HSF5 and TTR genes were specifically expressed in stressed Il18-/- mice. As a potential treatment, intracerebral administration of IL18 to Il18-/- mice resulted in partial recovery of changes in behavioral assessments. Our results revealed that IL18-deficient mice were more sensitive and had a longer response to acute stress than that in normal mice. In addition, neural inflammation and augmentation of glucocorticoid signals caused by stress were more intense and remained longer in Il18-/- mice, resulting in behavioral changes. In conclusion, IL18 might be an indispensable factor that modulates the stress response and maintains balance between neural inflammation and glucocorticoid signaling.
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17
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Archer SN, Möller-Levet CS, Laing EE, Dijk DJ. Mistimed sleep and waking activity in humans disrupts glucocorticoid signalling transcripts and SP1, but not plasma cortisol rhythms. Front Physiol 2022; 13:946444. [PMID: 36060675 PMCID: PMC9428761 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.946444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is a robust circadian signal that synchronises peripheral circadian clocks with the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus via glucocorticoid receptors that regulate peripheral gene expression. Misalignment of the cortisol rhythm with the sleep–wake cycle, as occurs in shift work, is associated with negative health outcomes, but underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We experimentally induced misalignment between the sleep–wake cycle and melatonin and cortisol rhythms in humans and measured time series blood transcriptomics while participants slept in-phase and out-of-phase with the central clock. The cortisol rhythm remained unchanged, but many glucocorticoid signalling transcripts were disrupted by mistimed sleep. To investigate which factors drive this dissociation between cortisol and its signalling pathways, we conducted bioinformatic and temporal coherence analyses. We found that glucocorticoid signalling transcripts affected by mistimed sleep were enriched for binding sites for the transcription factor SP1. Furthermore, changes in the timing of the rhythms of SP1 transcripts, a major regulator of transcription, and changes in the timing of rhythms in transcripts of the glucocorticoid signalling pathways were closely associated. Associations between the rhythmic changes in factors that affect SP1 expression and its activity, such as STAT3, EP300, HSP90AA1, and MAPK1, were also observed. We conclude that plasma cortisol rhythms incompletely reflect the impact of mistimed sleep on glucocorticoid signalling pathways and that sleep–wake driven changes in SP1 may mediate disruption of these pathways. These results aid understanding of mechanisms by which mistimed sleep affects health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N. Archer
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Simon N. Archer,
| | - Carla S. Möller-Levet
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E. Laing
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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18
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Chokchaisiri R, Thothaisong T, Chunglok W, Chulrik W, Yotnoi B, Chokchaisiri S, Ganranoo L, Cheenpracha S, Thepmalee C, Suksamrarn A. Marginaols G-M, anti-inflammatory isopimarane diterpenoids, from the rhizomes of Kaempferia marginata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 200:113225. [PMID: 35537529 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marginaols G-M, a series of undescribed isopimarane diterpenoids, together with four known analogs were isolated from the rhizomes of Kaempferia marginata. The structures of these isolated compounds were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry and extensive 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. In addition, the absolute configurations of marginaol G and H were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis and comparison with the literature values. When compared to the standard drug dexamethasone (IC50 4.7 μM), marginaol G, H, and 6β-acetoxysandaracopimaradien-1α,9α-diol had an intriguing anti-inflammatory effect on NO inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values ranging from 4.5 to 7.3 μM and being less cytotoxic to the cells. The anti-inflammatory action of these isopimarane diterpenoids from K. marginata supports the use of Thai traditional medicine for inflammation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teerawut Thothaisong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chunglok
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Wanatsanan Chulrik
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Bunlawee Yotnoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Suwadee Chokchaisiri
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, 75000, Thailand
| | - Lucksagoon Ganranoo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Sarot Cheenpracha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Chutamas Thepmalee
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
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19
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Microglia Phenotypes in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132091. [PMID: 35805174 PMCID: PMC9266143 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and plays a fundamental role in mediating the onset and progression of disease. Microglia, which function as first-line immune guardians of the central nervous system (CNS), are the central drivers of neuroinflammation. Numerous human postmortem studies and in vivo imaging analyses have shown chronically activated microglia in patients with various acute and chronic neuropathological diseases. While microglial activation is a common feature of many NDs, the exact role of microglia in various pathological states is complex and often contradictory. However, there is a consensus that microglia play a biphasic role in pathological conditions, with detrimental and protective phenotypes, and the overall response of microglia and the activation of different phenotypes depends on the nature and duration of the inflammatory insult, as well as the stage of disease development. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on the various microglia phenotypes and inflammatory responses in health, aging, and NDs, with a special emphasis on the heterogeneous phenotypic response of microglia in acute and chronic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke (HS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The primary focus is translational research in preclinical animal models and bulk/single-cell transcriptome studies in human postmortem samples. Additionally, this review covers key microglial receptors and signaling pathways that are potential therapeutic targets to regulate microglial inflammatory responses during aging and in NDs. Additionally, age-, sex-, and species-specific microglial differences will be briefly reviewed.
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20
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Melino S, Mormone E. On the Interplay Between the Medicine of Hildegard of Bingen and Modern Medicine: The Role of Estrogen Receptor as an Example of Biodynamic Interface for Studying the Chronic Disease's Complexity. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:745138. [PMID: 35712451 PMCID: PMC9196248 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.745138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) interpreted the origins of chronic disease highlighting and anticipating, although only in a limited fashion, the importance that complex interactions among numerous genetic, internal milieu and external environmental factors have in determining the disease phenotype. Today, we recognize those factors, capable of mediating the transmission of messages between human body and environment and vice versa, as biodynamic interfaces. Aim We analyzed, in the light of modern scientific evidence, Hildegard of Bingen's medical approach and her original humoral theory in order to identify possible insights included in her medicine that could be referred to in the context of modern evidence-based medicine. In particular, the abbess's humoral theory suggests the identification of biodynamic interfaces with sex hormones and their receptors. Findings We found that the Hildegardian holistic vision of the organism-environment relationship can actually represent a visionary approach to modern endocrinology and that sex hormones, in particular estrogens, could represent an example of a biodynamic interface. Estrogen receptors are found in regions of the brain involved in emotional and cognitive regulation, controlling the molecular mechanism of brain function. Estrogen receptors are involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and in the epigenetic regulation of responses to physiological, social, and hormonal stimuli. Furthermore, estrogen affects gene methylation on its own and related receptor promoters in discrete regions of the developing brain. This scenario was strikingly perceived by the abbess in the XIIth century, and depicted as a complex interplay among different humors and flegmata that she recognized to be sex specific and environmentally regulated. Viewpoint Considering the function played by hormones, analyzed through the last scientific evidence, and scientific literature on biodynamic interfaces, we could suggest Hildegardian insights and theories as the first attempt to describe the modern holistic, sex-based medicine. Conclusion Hildegard anticipated a concept of pathogenesis that sees a central role for endocrinology in sex-specific disease. Furthermore, estrogens and estrogen receptors could represent a good example of molecular interfaces capable of modulating the interaction between the organism internal milieu and the environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Melino
- Research Unit of Philosophy of Science and Human Development, Faculty of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mormone
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, Foggia, Italy
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Reichardt SD, Amouret A, Muzzi C, Vettorazzi S, Tuckermann JP, Lühder F, Reichardt HM. The Role of Glucocorticoids in Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112921. [PMID: 34831143 PMCID: PMC8616489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than 70 years, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been a powerful and affordable treatment option for inflammatory diseases. However, their benefits do not come without a cost, since GCs also cause side effects. Therefore, strong efforts are being made to improve their therapeutic index. In this review, we illustrate the mechanisms and target cells of GCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of some of the most frequent inflammatory disorders affecting the central nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, the lung, and the joints, as well as graft-versus-host disease, which often develops after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition, an overview is provided of novel approaches aimed at improving GC therapy based on chemical modifications or GC delivery using nanoformulations. GCs remain a topic of highly active scientific research despite being one of the oldest class of drugs in medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille D. Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Agathe Amouret
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Muzzi
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.V.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Jan P. Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.V.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Fred Lühder
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Holger M. Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-3963365
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