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Chen KC, Wang TH, Li CY, Chiu YJ. The diameter of cutaneous melanoma serves as a prognostic indicator for survival among acral-melanoma predominant East Asian patients. World J Surg 2024; 48:1692-1699. [PMID: 38651933 DOI: 10.1002/wjs.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor staging plays a pivotal role in melanoma management, where the depth of tumor invasion has been traditionally used as the cornerstone of staging. Paradoxically, the tumor diameter has not been integrated into the staging system. The aim of this study is to elucidate the clinical implications and prognostic value of tumor diameter in cutaneous melanoma, with a particular emphasis on the acral-melanoma predominant East Asian population, thus potentially enriching the clinical evaluation and treatment strategies for cutaneous melanoma. METHODS From January 1st, 2006 to December 31st, 2022, a total of 352 patients were diagnosed with melanoma in our center. Among them, there were 135 patients diagnosed as cutaneous melanoma who received complete surgical wide excision and regional lymph nodes assessment. The diameter of the tumor, the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node status and patient survival were all collected and analyzed. RESULTS The diameter of cutaneous melanoma had a weak positive correlation with tumor thickness (r = 0.26), however, it still had a significant predictive value for patients' overall survival (p = 0.005) and disease free survival (p = 0.023). As for lymph node metastasis prediction, the Breslow thickness had a better predictive value than tumor diameter (p = 0.002 vs. p = 0.565). CONCLUSIONS In this study, though with only weak positive correlation to tumor thickness, the tumor diameter of melanoma showed a statistically significant correlation with the patients' overall survival and disease free survival. However, the larger tumor diameter cannot be used as an indicator of high risk of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Cheng Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsiang Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chiu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Zhang M, Yin R, Song L, Zhong L, Wang R. Primary cervical malignant melanoma that was successfully treated with pembrolizumab: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1400257. [PMID: 38988710 PMCID: PMC11233435 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1400257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary malignant melanoma (MM) arising from the cervix is an exceedingly rare occurrence, and patients diagnosed with this condition often face a dismal clinical prognosis. Here, we present a case study of a postmenopausal woman presenting with vaginal bleeding and a conspicuous 5-centimeter black mass on the cervix. Based on the staging criteria established by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, she was diagnosed with stage IIB primary cervical MM. The patient underwent neoadjuvant therapy prior to a radical hysterectomy and a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Subsequently, she completed 18 cycles of pembrolizumab therapy, achieving clinical complete remission. Notably, at the 31-month follow-up, there were no signs of recurrence. This successful treatment outcome serves as a valuable clinical reference for the management of primary cervical MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengpei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Rutie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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3
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Li W, Gu J, Fan H, Zhang L, Guo J, Si L. Evolving cancer resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in melanoma: Comprehensive insights with future prospects. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 201:104426. [PMID: 38908767 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment of advanced melanoma. However, up to two-thirds of patients experience disease progression after initially achieving a response to immunotherapy. Furthermore, most research has focused on cutaneous melanoma rather than acral or mucosal melanoma, although the latter predominates in Asian populations. In this review, we examine and summarize current definitions of resistance to immunotherapy and the epidemiology of resistance to PD-1 inhibition. We also review the available literature on molecular mechanisms of resistance, including how the tumor mutational landscape and tumor microenvironments of immunotherapy-resistant acral and mucosal melanomas may influence resistance. Finally, we review strategies for overcoming resistance to PD-1 inhibition and summarize completed studies and ongoing clinical trials. Our review highlights that improving the understanding of resistance mechanisms, optimizing existing therapies and further studying high-risk populations would maximize the potential of immunotherapy and result in optimized treatment outcomes for patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Gu
- Department of Urological Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Value & Implementation, Global Medical & Scientific Affairs, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) China, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Value & Implementation, Global Medical & Scientific Affairs, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) China, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China; Department of Urological Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu Si
- Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
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4
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Arak H, Erkiliç S, Yaslikaya Ş, Eylemer Mocan E, Aktaş G, Özdemir M, Semiz HS, kiliçkap S, Özalp FR, Sever ÖN, Akdağ G, Ağaoğlu AB, Özçelik M, Sari M, Arcagök M, Anik H, Yayla ŞB, Sever N, Açar FP, Bayrakçi İ, Turhal S, Ayhan M, Kuş T. The Effectiveness of Adjuvant PD-1 Inhibitors in Patients With Surgically Resected Stage III/IV Acral Melanoma. J Immunother 2024; 47:182-189. [PMID: 38333962 PMCID: PMC11073564 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the efficacy of adjuvant programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors and compare the other adjuvant treatments in patients with surgically resected stage III or IV acral melanoma. This study is a multicenter, retrospective analysis. We included 114 patients with stage III or IV acral malignant melanoma who underwent surgery within the past 10 years. We analyzed the effect of adjuvant programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitors on disease-free survival (DFS). The mean follow-up was 40 months, during which 69 (59.5%) patients experienced recurrence. Among the participants, 64 (56.1%) received systemic adjuvant therapy. Specifically, 48.4% received anti-PD-1 therapy, 29.7% received interferon, 14.1% received tezozolomide, and 7.8% received B-Raf proto-oncogene/mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. Patients who received adjuvant therapy had a median DFS of 24 (10.9-37.2) months, whereas those who did not receive adjuvant therapy had a median DFS of 15 (9.8-20.2) months. Multivariate analysis for DFS revealed that the receipt of adjuvant therapy and lymph node metastasis stage were independent significant parameters ( P = 0.021, P = 0.018, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed for DFS between programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor treatment and other adjuvant treatments. Regarding overall survival (OS), patients who received adjuvant treatment had a median OS of 71 (30.4-111.7) months, whereas those who did not receive adjuvant treatment had a median OS of 38 (16.7-59.3; P = 0.023) months. In addition, there were no significant differences in OS observed between various adjuvant treatment agents ( P = 0.122). In our study, we have shown that adjuvant therapy had a positive effect on both DFS and OS in patients with stages III-IV acral melanoma who underwent curative intent surgery. Notably, we found no significant differences between anti-PD-1 therapy and other adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haci Arak
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Suna Erkiliç
- Department of Pathology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Şendağ Yaslikaya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Gökmen Aktaş
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medicalpoint Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Melek Özdemir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Pamukkale University of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Salih Semiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Faruk Recep Özalp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Nuray Sever
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goncagül Akdağ
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Burak Ağaoğlu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University Manisa, Turkey
| | - Melike Özçelik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Sari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Arcagök
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Hicran Anik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr Abdurahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şaziye Burçak Yayla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nadiye Sever
- Department of Medical Oncology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Pinar Açar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bayrakçi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Serdar Turhal
- Anadolu Health Center, Department of Medical Oncology. İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Ayhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Adiyaman Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Tülay Kuş
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
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5
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Maldonado-Mendoza J, Ramírez-Amador V, Anaya-Saavedra G. Primary oral and sinonasal mucosal melanomas in Latin America: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 53:449-460. [PMID: 38040520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary oral and sinonasal mucosal melanomas (POSNMMs) are aggressive neoplasms with limited therapeutic alternatives. The aim of this review was to characterize the demographic, clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular information regarding these tumors in the Latin American population. Articles published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese (1990-2022) retrieved from the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, CAS, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Google Academic databases were included. Thirty-three studies, with a total of 1212 cases, were identified. Clinicopathological data were available for 870 cases and immunohistochemical and/or molecular information for 342. Nineteen studies (57.6%) reported cases of oral melanoma, three (9.1%) sinonasal melanoma, and 11 (33.3%) oral and sinonasal melanoma. Fifteen studies (45.5%) provided only clinicopathological data, 12 (36.4%) reported only immunohistochemical data, two (6.1%) shared clinicopathological and immunohistochemical data, one (3.0%) offered clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular data, one (3.0%) provided immunohistochemical and molecular data, one (3.0%) clinicopathological and molecular data, and one (3.0%) only molecular data. The mean age of individuals with POSNMMs was 58 years, and slightly more were male (male 51.3%, female 48.7%). In Latin America, POSNMMs are a rare but aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Although molecular data and targeted therapy are still being researched, data from Latin America indicate the need for multicenter collaborative clinical trials to unite individual and isolated efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maldonado-Mendoza
- Oral Pathology and Medicine Master Program, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - V Ramírez-Amador
- Oral Pathology and Medicine Master Program, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Anaya-Saavedra
- Oral Pathology and Medicine Master Program, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Zhao P, He XB, Chen XY, Li ZL, Xing WJ, Liu W, Ren C, Han XD, Guo B. Celastrol inhibits mouse B16-F10 melanoma cell survival by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and repressing HIF-1α expression. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:178. [PMID: 38771435 PMCID: PMC11109042 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melanoma, with its high degree of malignancy, stands as one of the most dangerous skin cancers and remains the primary cause of death from skin cancer. With studies demonstrating the potential of traditional Chinese medicine to intervene and treat melanoma, we turned our attention to celastrol. Celastrol is a triterpene compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine derived from Tripterygium wilfordii. Previous studies have shown that celastrol exerts inhibitory effects on various malignant tumors, including melanoma. Hence, our goal was to clarify the impact of celastrol on cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression by elucidating its effects on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. METHODS CCK-8 and wound healing assays were used to determine the effect of celastrol on the viability and migration of B16-F10 cells. Changes in cell apoptosis, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins and HIF-α mRNA expression in B16-F10 cells were detected by western blotting and qPCR. Moreover, the addition of a PI3K activator demonstrated that celastrol could inhibit the function of B16-F10 cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. RESULTS Celastrol inhibited the viability and migration of B16-F10 cells. Through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway down-regulates the expression of HIF-α mRNA, thereby causing an increase of ROS in cells and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential to promote cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The inhibitory effect of celastrol on B16-F10 cells was further demonstrated by co-culturing with a PI3K activator. CONCLUSION Celastrol inhibits the function of B16-F10 cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cellular pathway and regulating the expression of downstream HIF-α mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xing-Bo He
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xin-Yue Chen
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Zhang-Long Li
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Wen-Jia Xing
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Cong Ren
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xu-Dong Han
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Bin Guo
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China.
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7
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van Duin IAJ, Verheijden RJ, van Diest PJ, Blokx WAM, El-Sharouni MA, Verhoeff JJC, Leiner T, van den Eertwegh AJM, de Groot JWB, van Not OJ, Aarts MJB, van den Berkmortel FWPJ, Blank CU, Haanen JBAG, Hospers GAP, Piersma D, van Rijn RS, van der Veldt AAM, Vreugdenhil G, Wouters MWJM, Stevense-den Boer MAM, Boers-Sonderen MJ, Kapiteijn E, Suijkerbuijk KPM, Elias SG. A prediction model for response to immune checkpoint inhibition in advanced melanoma. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1760-1771. [PMID: 38296842 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Predicting who will benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in patients with advanced melanoma is challenging. We developed a multivariable prediction model for response to ICI, using routinely available clinical data including primary melanoma characteristics. We used a population-based cohort of 3525 patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma treated with anti-PD-1-based therapy. Our prediction model for predicting response within 6 months after ICI initiation was internally validated with bootstrap resampling. Performance evaluation included calibration, discrimination and internal-external cross-validation. Included patients received anti-PD-1 monotherapy (n = 2366) or ipilimumab plus nivolumab (n = 1159) in any treatment line. The model included serum lactate dehydrogenase, World Health Organization performance score, type and line of ICI, disease stage and time to first distant recurrence-all at start of ICI-, and location and type of primary melanoma, the presence of satellites and/or in-transit metastases at primary diagnosis and sex. The over-optimism adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.64-0.66). The range of predicted response probabilities was 7%-81%. Based on these probabilities, patients were categorized into quartiles. Compared to the lowest response quartile, patients in the highest quartile had a significantly longer median progression-free survival (20.0 vs 2.8 months; P < .001) and median overall survival (62.0 vs 8.0 months; P < .001). Our prediction model, based on routinely available clinical variables and primary melanoma characteristics, predicts response to ICI in patients with advanced melanoma and discriminates well between treated patients with a very good and very poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A J van Duin
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rik J Verheijden
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke A M Blokx
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mary-Ann El-Sharouni
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J C Verhoeff
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alfonsus J M van den Eertwegh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Olivier J van Not
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Scientific Bureau, Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maureen J B Aarts
- Department of Medical Oncology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christian U Blank
- Department of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John B A G Haanen
- Department of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geke A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Djura Piersma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rozemarijn S van Rijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid A M van der Veldt
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Vreugdenhil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W J M Wouters
- Scientific Bureau, Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marye J Boers-Sonderen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karijn P M Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd G Elias
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Chiu YJ, Li CY, Wang TH, Ma H, Chou TY. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals differences in gene expression and regulatory pathways between nonacral and acral melanoma in Asian individuals. J Dermatol 2024; 51:659-670. [PMID: 38469735 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma predominantly occurs in White individuals, which is associated with factors such as exposure to UV radiation and skin pigmentation. Despite its low incidence, melanoma is the primary cause of skin cancer-related death in Asia, typically in areas with low sun exposure. In our previous whole-exome sequencing study, we identified mutational signature 12 as the most prevalent variant in Asian patients, differing from the common UV-associated mutational signature 7 observed in White individuals. We also observed major differences between acral melanoma (AM) and nonacral melanoma (NAM) in terms of signatures 7, 21, and 22. Notably, few studies have investigated the genomic differences between AM and NAM in Asian individuals. Therefore, in this study, we conducted transcriptomic sequencing to examine the disparities in RNA expression between AM and NAM. Ribosomal RNA depletion was performed to enhance the detection of functionally relevant coding and noncoding transcripts. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed significant differences in gene expression and regulatory pathways between AM and NAM. The results also indicate that the genes involved in cell cycle signaling or immune modulation and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 signaling were differentially expressed in NAM and AM. In addition, high CDK4 expression and cell cycle variability were observed in AM, with high immunogenicity in NAM. Overall, these findings provide further insights into the pathogenesis of melanoma and serve as a reference for future research on this major malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chiu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsiang Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu Ma
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Precision Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Tsushima N, Kano S, Hatanaka KC, Suzuki T, Hamada S, Idogawa H, Nakamaru Y, Suzuki M, Hatanaka Y, Homma A. Targeted next-generation sequencing of Japanese patients with sinonasal mucosal melanomas identifies frequent NRAS and CTNNB1 mutations. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:313-319. [PMID: 37953090 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucosal melanoma is a rare malignancy; however, the reported incidence rate of mucosal melanoma is higher in Asians than in Caucasians. Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis due to distant metastasis. Systemic therapy with BRAF inhibitor and MEK inhibitor is one of the standards of care for cutaneous melanoma patients with BRAF V600 mutations. However, no molecular targeted therapy for patients with mucosal melanoma has been established. Relatively few studies have described the genetic mutations associated with mucosal melanoma because of its low frequency. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, the genetic mutations among Japanese patients have not been reported. Therefore, in the current study, we evaluated the genetic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with SNMM. METHODS A total of 18 tissue samples obtained from patients with SNMM were analyzed for genetic mutations based on targeted next-generation sequencing to investigate the driver of tumorigenesis and/or candidate genes for predicting clinical outcomes in SNMM. We also performed immunohistochemistry for patients identified with CTNNB1 mutations. RESULTS Eight of the 18 (44 %) patients had genetic mutations. The most frequent mutation was NRAS (6/18, 33 %), followed by CTNNB1 (2/18, 11 %) and BRAF (1/18, 5.6 %). One patient had both NRAS and CTNNB1 mutations. Clinical outcomes did not differ significantly between those with and without genetic mutations. NRAS mutations were associated with relatively higher T classification and worse survival rates, although the differences were not significant. The nuclear translocation of β-catenin was detected in both tumors with CTNNB1 mutations. The amino acid change in the BRAF mutation was K601R in exon 15. In the current study, no BRAF V600 mutations were detected. CONCLUSION Genetic mutations were not significantly associated with clinical outcomes. However, NRAS mutations may be a prognostic predictor and CTNNB1 mutation may be a treatment effector for immune check inhibitors. A larger prospective study is required to clarify the clinical importance of genetic mutations in patients with SNMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayuta Tsushima
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seijiro Hamada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Idogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamaru
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masanobu Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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10
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Cai W, Chen M. Envoplakin Inhibits Macrophage Polarization by Altering the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment of Melanoma Through the RAS / ERK Signaling Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1687-1706. [PMID: 38504693 PMCID: PMC10950027 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s447934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tumor growth induces the tumor margin to become a transition zone rich in immune cells. EVPL is a potential prognostic biomarker for melanoma. Melanoma is difficult to cure because of its high metastasis, so it is urgent to find effective genes to inhibit tumor progression and regulate tumor microenvironment. Methods Firstly, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among normal skin, nevus and melanoma samples in GSE3189 were screened. Bioinformatics was used to further explore the hub genes and enriched pathways closely related to the inflammatory response of DEGs in melanoma. We selected EVPL, which is associated with the Ras/Raf signaling pathway, for in vitro study. CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays were respectively used to evaluate the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of cancer cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted for the monitoring of changes in the tumor microenvironment. To evaluate the effect of EVPL on macrophage recruitment, we established a co-culture system in a Transwell chamber. The polarization of macrophages was examined after treatment of cells with RAS/ERK signaling inhibitors SCH772984 and sh-EVPL. Additionally, changes in the expression of pathway proteins were measured by Western blot. Results Among the screened hub genes, EVPL was associated with the Ras/Raf pathway, a key signaling pathway in melanoma, and may be involved in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment of melanoma. Oe-EVPL was proved to suppress melanoma cell malignant progression. By inhibiting EVPL expression, the inhibitory effects on melanoma progression induced by the addition of SCH772984 were reversed. Furthermore, EVPL was found to inhibit the expression of chemokines, the recruitment of macrophages, and the polarization of macrophages through the Ras/Raf/ERK signaling pathway. Conclusion EVPL can inhibit the progression of melanoma through the RAS/ERK signaling pathway, change the inflammatory tumor microenvironment of melanoma, and inhibit the recruitment of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Cai
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minliang Chen
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Gao Y, Wang HP, Wang HF, Ma SM, Du ZW, Liu J. Arctigenin Induces Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells by Reducing the Expression of BCL-2 and VEGF. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:448-452. [PMID: 38368128 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the biological effects of arctigenin on B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro and to explore its mechanism. METHODS B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro were treated with the blank control solution and arctigenin solution of different concentrations, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using the CCK-8 assay and cell loss assay, and the effect of arctigenin on melanoma cell proliferation was evaluated. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of BCL-2 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cells of different groups and to explore the mechanism of action of arctigenin. RESULTS The proliferation rate of B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions was significantly lower than that of the blank control group (P < .05), and the proliferation rate decreased with increasing concentration of arctigenin. The apoptosis rate of B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions was significantly higher than that of the blank control group (P < .05), and the apoptosis rate increased with increasing concentration of arctigenin. The expression levels of BCL-2 and VEGF in B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with arctigenin solutions were significantly lower than those in the blank control group (P < .05), and the expression levels decreased as the concentration of arctigenin increased. CONCLUSIONS Arctigenin can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of melanoma cells, and the mechanism may be associated with decreasing the expression of BCL-2 and VEGF in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No.209, Jianhua Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050038, P. R. China
| | - He-Peng Wang
- Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No.209, Jianhua Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050038, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Fei Wang
- Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No.209, Jianhua Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050038, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Meng Ma
- Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No.209, Jianhua Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050038, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Du
- Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No.209, Jianhua Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050038, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No.209, Jianhua Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050038, P. R. China.
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12
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Fortuna A, Amaral T. Multidisciplinary approach and treatment of acral and mucosal melanoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1340408. [PMID: 38469235 PMCID: PMC10926023 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1340408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Acral and mucosal melanoma are uncommon variants of melanoma. Acral melanoma has an age-adjusted incidence of approximately 1.8 cases per million individuals per year, accounting for about 2% to 3% of all melanoma cases. On the other hand, mucosal melanoma, with an incidence of 2.2 cases per million per year, makes up around 1.3% of all melanoma cases. These melanomas, in addition to being biologically and clinically distinct from cutaneous melanoma, share certain clinical and pathologic characteristics. These include a more aggressive nature and a less favorable prognosis. Furthermore, they exhibit a different mutational pattern, with KIT mutations being more prevalent in acral and mucosal melanomas. This divergence in mutational patterns may partially account for the relatively poorer prognosis, particularly to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review explores various aspects of acral and mucosal melanoma, including their clinical presentation, pathologic features, mutational profiles, current therapeutic approaches, outcomes associated with systemic therapy, and potential strategies to address resistance to existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fortuna
- Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies (iFIT) (EXC 2180), Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Li T, Wang P, Sun G, Zou Y, Cheng Y, Wang H, Lu Y, Shi J, Wang K, Zhang Q, Ye H. hccTAAb Atlas: An Integrated Knowledge Database for Tumor-Associated Autoantibodies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:728-737. [PMID: 38156953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) have demonstrated potential as biomarkers for cancer detection. However, the understanding of their role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains limited. In this study, we aimed to systematically collect and standardize information about these TAAbs and establish a comprehensive database as a platform for in-depth research. A total of 170 TAAbs were identified from published papers retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Following normative reannotation, these TAAbs were referred to as 162 official symbols. The hccTAAb (tumor-associated autoantibodies in hepatocellular carcinoma) atlas was developed using the R Shiny framework and incorporating literature-based and multiomics data sets. This comprehensive online resource provides key information such as sensitivity, specificity, and additional details such as official symbols, official full names, UniProt, NCBI, HPA, neXtProt, and aliases through hyperlinks. Additionally, hccTAAb offers six analytical modules for visualizing expression profiles, survival analysis, immune infiltration, similarity analysis, DNA methylation, and DNA mutation analysis. Overall, the hccTAAb Atlas provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying TAAb and has the potential to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of HCC using autoantibodies. The hccTAAb Atlas is freely accessible at https://nscc.v.zzu.edu.cn/hccTAAb/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guiying Sun
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuanlin Zou
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yin Lu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Keyan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hua Ye
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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14
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Lim SY, Rizos H. Single-cell RNA sequencing in melanoma: what have we learned so far? EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104969. [PMID: 38241976 PMCID: PMC10831183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been remarkable improvements in the treatment and survival rates of melanoma patients. Treatment resistance remains a persistent challenge, however, and is partly attributable to intratumoural heterogeneity. Melanoma cells can transition through a series of phenotypic and transcriptional cell states that vary in invasiveness and treatment responsiveness. The diverse stromal and immune contexture of the tumour microenvironment also contributes to intratumoural heterogeneity and disparities in treatment response in melanoma patients. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing technologies have enabled a more detailed understanding of melanoma heterogeneity and the underlying transcriptional programs that regulate melanoma cell diversity and behaviour. In this review, we examine the concept of intratumoural heterogeneity and the challenges it poses to achieving long-lasting treatment responses. We focus on the significance of next generation single-cell sequencing in advancing our understanding of melanoma diversity and the unique insights gained from single-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yin Lim
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Helen Rizos
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Xue J, Lyu Q. Challenges and opportunities in rare cancer research in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:274-285. [PMID: 38036799 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major public health challenges in China. Rare cancers collectively account for a considerable proportion of all malignancies. The lack of awareness of rare cancers among healthcare professionals and the general public, the typically complex and delayed diagnosis, and limited access to clinical trials are key challenges. Recent years have witnessed an increase in funding for research related to rare cancers in China. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of rare cancers and summarize the status of research on rare cancers in China and overseas, including the trends of funding and publications. We also highlight the challenges and perspectives regarding rare cancers in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qunyan Lyu
- National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, 100085, China.
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16
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Falcone R, Verkhovskaia S, Di Pietro FR, Poti G, Samela T, Carbone ML, Morelli MF, Zappalà AR, di Rocco ZC, Morese R, Piesco G, Marchetti P, Failla CM, De Galitiis F. Primary Mucosal Melanoma: Clinical Experience from a Single Italian Center. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:588-597. [PMID: 38275835 PMCID: PMC10814710 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare tumor, accounting for about 1% of all diagnosed melanomas. The etiology and pathogenesis of this tumor are unknown. It is characterized by an aggressive phenotype with poor prognosis and a low response rate to approved treatments. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, treatments and outcomes of patients diagnosed with MM from different sub-sites (head and neck, gynecological and gastro-intestinal region) between 2013 and 2023 at our Institute. Survival times were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression was used to test the independence of significant factors in univariate analysis. (3) Results: Twenty-five patients were included in this study; the disease was equally distributed among females and males. The median age at diagnosis was 74 years old. The majority had MM originating from the head and neck (56%), particularly from the nasal cavity. BRAF V600 mutations were detected in 16% of the study population, limited to gastro-intestinal and gynecological MM. At diagnosis, at least half the patients (52%) had the disease located also at distant sites. The median overall survival (OS) in the whole study population was 22 months, with a longer OS for patients diagnosed at an early stage (38 months, p < 0.001). Longer OSs were reported for head and neck MM compared to other anatomic regions (0.06). Surgery of the primary tumor and radiotherapy were performed in 64% and 36% of the study population, respectively. Radiotherapy was performed only in head and neck MM. At multivariate analysis, the single factor that showed a reduced hazard ratio for death was radiotherapy. (4) Conclusions: The overall survival of MM from different sub-sites treated at our Italian Institution was 22 months, with better outcomes for early-stage disease and head and neck MM. Performing radiotherapy may have a protective effect on OS for head and neck MM. New treatment strategies are urgently needed to improve the outcome in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Falcone
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Sofia Verkhovskaia
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Francesca Romana Di Pietro
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Giulia Poti
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Tonia Samela
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Maria Luigia Carbone
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.L.C.); (C.M.F.)
| | - Maria Francesca Morelli
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Albina Rita Zappalà
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Zorika Christiana di Rocco
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Roberto Morese
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Gabriele Piesco
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Cristina Maria Failla
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.L.C.); (C.M.F.)
| | - Federica De Galitiis
- Department of Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (F.R.D.P.); (G.P.); (T.S.); (M.F.M.); (A.R.Z.); (Z.C.d.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (P.M.); (F.D.G.)
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Clavero-Rovira L, Gómez-Tomás Á, Bassas-Freixas P, Bodet D, Ferrer B, Hernández-Losa J, Muñoz-Couselo E, Pérez-Benavente A, García-Patos V, Ferrándiz-Pulido C. Mucosal Melanoma Clinical Management and Prognostic Implications: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:227. [PMID: 38201654 PMCID: PMC10778057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma (MM) is an uncommon melanoma subtype affecting mucosal surfaces of the head and neck, anorectal region, and vulvovaginal area. We aimed to present our experience at a tertiary-level hospital regarding MM diagnosis, management, monitoring of progression, mutations, and outcome predictors. We performed a registry-based cohort study including MM cases diagnosed from 2012 to 2022 and retrospectively characterized somatic mutations on BRAF, NRAS and c-KIT. We employed Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox regression analysis to explore prognostic factors and survival outcomes in a cohort of 35 patients, mainly women (63%) with a median age of 70 years. Predominantly, MM occurred in the vulvovaginal region (48.6%). At diagnosis, 28.6% had lymph node involvement, and 31.4% also had distant metastasis. Mutations in BRAF and c-KIT were identified in 3/35 (9%) and 2/6 patients (33%), respectively. Surgery was performed in 71.4% of patients, and most received systemic treatment (65.7%). Lower disease stage, thinner Breslow depth, and surgical resection were associated with improved overall survival. Notably, age, sex, radiotherapy, and BRAF mutant status did not affect survival. Standard management typically involves immunotherapy. Cases with BRAF or c-KIT mutations may be considered for targeted therapies. Unfortunately, MM prognosis remains unfavorable, with a less than 50% survival rate at 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Clavero-Rovira
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-R.); (Á.G.-T.); (P.B.-F.); (D.B.); (V.G.-P.)
| | - Álvaro Gómez-Tomás
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-R.); (Á.G.-T.); (P.B.-F.); (D.B.); (V.G.-P.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Patricia Bassas-Freixas
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-R.); (Á.G.-T.); (P.B.-F.); (D.B.); (V.G.-P.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Domingo Bodet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-R.); (Á.G.-T.); (P.B.-F.); (D.B.); (V.G.-P.)
| | - Berta Ferrer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.F.); (J.H.-L.)
| | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.F.); (J.H.-L.)
| | - Eva Muñoz-Couselo
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Assumpció Pérez-Benavente
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente García-Patos
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-R.); (Á.G.-T.); (P.B.-F.); (D.B.); (V.G.-P.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Carla Ferrándiz-Pulido
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-R.); (Á.G.-T.); (P.B.-F.); (D.B.); (V.G.-P.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
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Wang LY, Song JN, Chen YX, Zhu Y, Ren HL, Li QQ, Zhang SH. Characterization the prognosis role and effects of snoRNAs in melanoma patients. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14944. [PMID: 37772659 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a melanocyte-derived malignant cancer and is known for its early metastasis and high mortality rates. It is a highly cutaneous tumour disease that could be related to the abnormal immune microenvironment, and the identification of reliable diagnostic and prognostic markers is crucial for improving patient outcomes. In the search for biomarkers, various types of RNAs have been discovered and recognized as reliable prognostic markers. Among these, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have emerged as a promising avenue for studying early diagnosis and prognostic markers in tumours due to their widespread presence in tissues, tumour specificity and stability. In our study, we analysed snoRNAs data from melanoma samples in the TCGA-SKCM cohort and developed a prognostic model comprising 12 snoRNAs (SNORD9, SNORA31, SNORD14E, SNORA14A, SNORA5A, SNORD83A, SNORA75, AL096855, AC007684, SNORD14A, SNORA65 and AC004839). This model exhibited unique prognostic accuracy and demonstrated a significant correlation with the immune infiltration tumour microenvironment. Additionally, analysis of the GSE213145 dataset, which explored the sensitivity and resistance of immune checkpoint inhibitors, further supported the potential of snoRNAs as prognostic markers for immunotherapy. Overall, our study contributes reliable prognostic and immune-related biomarkers for melanoma patients. These findings can offer valuable insights for the future discovery of novel melanoma treatment strategies and hold promise for improving clinical outcomes in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Yun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Nan Song
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Li Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
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19
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Varga NN, Boostani M, Farkas K, Bánvölgyi A, Lőrincz K, Posta M, Lihacova I, Lihachev A, Medvecz M, Holló P, Paragh G, Wikonkál NM, Bozsányi S, Kiss N. Optically Guided High-Frequency Ultrasound Shows Superior Efficacy for Preoperative Estimation of Breslow Thickness in Comparison with Multispectral Imaging: A Single-Center Prospective Validation Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:157. [PMID: 38201584 PMCID: PMC10778011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer that is known for its metastatic potential and has an increasing incidence worldwide. Breslow thickness, which determines the staging and surgical margin of the tumor, is unavailable at initial diagnosis. Novel imaging techniques for assessing Breslow thickness lack comparative data. This study evaluates optically guided high-frequency ultrasound (OG-HFUS) and multispectral imaging (MSI) for preoperative estimation of Breslow thickness and staging. We enrolled 101 patients with histologically confirmed primary melanoma and categorized them based on tumor thickness. Optically guided 33 MHz HFUS and MSI were utilized for the assessment. Our MSI-based algorithm categorized melanomas into three subgroups with a sensitivity of 62.6%, specificity of 81.3%, and fair agreement (κ = 0.440, CI: 0.298-0.583). In contrast, OG-HFUS demonstrated a sensitivity of 91.8%, specificity of 96.0%, and almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.858, CI: 0.763-0.952). OG-HFUS performed better than MSI in estimating Breslow thickness, emphasizing its potential as a valuable tool for melanoma diagnosis and patient management. OG-HFUS holds promise for enhancing preoperative staging and treatment decision-making in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Nóra Varga
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.N.V.); (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.B.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (P.H.); (N.M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Mehdi Boostani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.N.V.); (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.B.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (P.H.); (N.M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Klára Farkas
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.N.V.); (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.B.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (P.H.); (N.M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - András Bánvölgyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.N.V.); (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.B.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (P.H.); (N.M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Kende Lőrincz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.N.V.); (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.B.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (P.H.); (N.M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Máté Posta
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ilze Lihacova
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 1004 Riga, Latvia; (I.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Alexey Lihachev
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 1004 Riga, Latvia; (I.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Márta Medvecz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.N.V.); (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.B.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (P.H.); (N.M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Péter Holló
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.N.V.); (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.B.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (P.H.); (N.M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Norbert M. Wikonkál
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.N.V.); (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.B.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (P.H.); (N.M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Szabolcs Bozsányi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.N.V.); (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.B.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (P.H.); (N.M.W.); (S.B.)
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Norbert Kiss
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.N.V.); (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.B.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (P.H.); (N.M.W.); (S.B.)
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20
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Shi J, Jiao T, Guo Q, Weng W, Ma L, Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhang J, Chen C, Huang Y, Wang M, Pan R, Tang Y, Hu W, Meng T, Liu SH, Guo J, Kong Y, Meng X. A Cell Surface-Binding Antibody Atlas Nominates a MUC18-Directed Antibody-Drug Conjugate for Targeting Melanoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3783-3795. [PMID: 37668527 PMCID: PMC10646479 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have substantially improved the treatment of melanoma. However, therapeutic strategies are still needed for unresponsive or treatment-relapsed patients with melanoma. To discover antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)-tractable cell surface targets for melanoma, we developed an atlas of melanoma cell surface-binding antibodies (pAb) using a proteome-scale antibody array platform. Target identification of pAbs led to development of melanoma cell killing ADCs against LGR6, TRPM1, ASAP1, and MUC18, among others. MUC18 was overexpressed in both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating blood vessels across major melanoma subtypes, making it a potential dual-compartment and universal melanoma therapeutic target. AMT-253, an MUC18-directed ADC based on topoisomerase I inhibitor exatecan and a self-immolative T moiety, had a higher therapeutic index compared with its microtubule inhibitor-based counterpart and favorable pharmacokinetics and tolerability in monkeys. AMT-253 exhibited MUC18-specific cytotoxicity through DNA damage and apoptosis and a strong bystander killing effect, leading to potent antitumor activities against melanoma cell line and patient-derived xenograft models. Tumor vasculature targeting by a mouse MUC18-specific antibody-T1000-exatecan conjugate inhibited tumor growth in human melanoma xenografts. Combination therapy of AMT-253 with an antiangiogenic agent generated higher efficacy than single agent in a mucosal melanoma model. Beyond melanoma, AMT-253 was also efficacious in a wide range of MUC18-expressing solid tumors. Efficient target/antibody discovery in combination with the T moiety-exatecan linker-payload exemplified here may facilitate discovery of new ADC to improve cancer treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Discovery of melanoma-targeting antibodies using a proteome-scale array and use of a cutting-edge linker-payload system led to development of a MUC18-targeting antibody-exatecan conjugate with clinical potential for treating major melanoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiao
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Weining Weng
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Ma
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanfang Tang
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
- Abmart, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Meng
- MabCare Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
- HySlink Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jun Guo
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Meng
- Multitude Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
- Abmart, Shanghai, China
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21
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Hu YD, Wu K, Liu YJ, Zhang Q, Shen H, Ji J, Fang D, Xi SY. LY6/PLAUR domain containing 3 (LYPD3) maintains melanoma cell stemness and mediates an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Biol Direct 2023; 18:72. [PMID: 37924160 PMCID: PMC10623712 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is a highly heterogeneous skin cancer with the highest mortality rate among dermatological cancers. Catenins form functional networks in the nucleus to regulate gene expression and determine cell fate. Dysregulation of catenin expression correlates with the malignant characteristics of the tumor. We aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of catenins in melanoma and to further define the function of catenin-related molecular signaling in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS In this study, a bioinformatics approach combined with experimental validation was used to explore the potential tumor biology mechanisms of catenin-related signaling. RESULTS Melanoma patients can be divided into two catenin clusters. Patients defined by high Junction Plakoglobin (JUP), Plakophilin 1 (PKP1), Plakophilin 3 (PKP3) levels (C2) had shorter survival time than other patients (C1). We demonstrated that JUP regulates Anterior Gradient 2 (AGR2)/LY6/PLAUR Domain Containing 3 (LYPD3) to maintain melanoma stemness and promotes glycolysis. We also found that LYPD3 was co-expressed with S100A9 and associated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). CONCLUSION The JUP/AGR2/LYPD3 signaling axis plays an important role in the malignant features of melanoma. Targeting the JUP/AGR2/LYPD3 signaling axis can help develop promising drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dou Hu
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Jie Liu
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shen
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Ji
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Fang
- Zhenjiang Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song-Yang Xi
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Zhenjiang Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Chen KC, Chu PY, Li CY, Wang TH, Chiu YJ. Diagnostic value of 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in acral melanoma-predominant Asian patients. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:975-980. [PMID: 37738518 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor staging is crucial for melanoma, of which acral melanoma is the predominant subtype in Asians. 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and 18 F-FDG-PET/computed tomography ( 18 F-FDG-PET/CT) serve as noninvasive imaging tools for tumor staging. However, the literature is scarce on the diagnostic value of PET for acral melanoma. METHODS From January 1, 2006 to November 30, 2022, a total of 352 patients were diagnosed with melanoma at our hospital. Of them, 90 were diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma and underwent preoperative PET/CT for staging and sentinel lymph node biopsy or complete lymph node dissection. Staging of PET/CT was confirmed by histopathology or following imaging. The lymph node biopsy, distant metastasis status, and PET/CT imaging results were analyzed. RESULTS Of all the 90 patients with cutaneous melanoma, 72 of them were diagnosed as acral melanoma (80.0%). Compared with the histopathologic results, the lymph nodes were true-positive, true-negative, false-positive, and false-negative in 12, 54, 7, and 17 cases, respectively. The sensitivity of PET/CT for local lymph nodes was 41.4% (95% CI, 23.5%-61.1%), whereas its specificity was 88.5% (95% CI, 77.8%-95.3%). As for the detection of distal metastasis, the PET results were true-positive, true-negative, false-positive, and false-negative in 6, 65, 15, and 4 cases, respectively. The sensitivity of PET for distal metastasis detection was 60.0% (95% CI, 26.2%-87.8%), whereas its specificity was 81.3% (95% CI, 71.0%-89.1%). CONCLUSION Although noninvasive, PET/CT has relatively low sensitivity in regional lymph node evaluations, and fair sensitivity in distal metastasis detection in Asian patients with acral melanoma. Thus, PET/CT may be more useful in patients with clinically palpable nodes or more advanced disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Cheng Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Yu Chu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Yuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tien-Hsiang Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Jen Chiu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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23
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Pósfai B, Szentkereszty M, Sánta F, Bajory Z, Simon A, Kozéki Z, Csányi I, Akgul M, Kuthi L. Penile melanoma: a pathological report of two cases. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:117. [PMID: 37898793 PMCID: PMC10613369 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile melanoma (PM) is a rare tumor, accounting for less than 2% of all penile cancers. PM can occur on the surface of the glans, foreskin, and opening of the urethra. Furthermore, PM primarily affects older individuals and is not associated with sun exposure. Currently, there is no specific staging system for genitourinary tract melanomas, so these tumors are typically staged using the criteria for cutaneous melanoma. Limited data in the literature suggests that PM generally has a poor clinical prognosis. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we describe two cases of PM. The first case affected a 62-year-old male who presented with hematuria and a painful tumor in the distal urethra, leading to a suspicion of penile cancer. The second case involved a 68-year-old male who noticed a rapidly evolving dark spot on his foreskin. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of melanoma in both patients. The tumors showed a diffuse and strong PRAME-positivity and lacked BRAF mutation in both cases. Additionally, the second tumor harbored an activating CKIT mutation. An enhanced PD-L1 expression was observed in both tumors. CONCLUSIONS We presented two rare forms of mucosal melanoma and highlighted the entities in the differential diagnosis. Based on our experience PRAME is a helpful marker for making the diagnosis of PM, and PD-L1 can predict the success of the immunotherapy. We also emphasize the need for an organ-specific staging system for PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Pósfai
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Állomás utca 1., Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | | | - Fanni Sánta
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Állomás utca 1., Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bajory
- Department of Urology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Simon
- Tumor Pathology Center, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Kozéki
- Department of Dermatology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csányi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mahmut Akgul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Levente Kuthi
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Állomás utca 1., Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.
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24
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Sun L, Kang X, Ju H, Wang C, Yang G, Wang R, Sun S. A human mucosal melanoma organoid platform for modeling tumor heterogeneity and exploring immunotherapy combination options. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6686. [PMID: 37889972 PMCID: PMC10610903 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma (MM), an aggressive rare subtype of melanoma, is distinct from cutaneous melanoma and has poor prognoses. We addressed the lack of cell models for MM by establishing 30 organoids of human oral MM (OMM), which retained major histopathological and functional features of parental tumors. Organoid groups derived from chronologically or intratumorally distinct lesions within the same individual displayed heterogeneous genetics, expression profiles, and drug responses, indicating rapid tumor evolution and poor clinical response. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) signaling, particularly NGFR, a nerve growth factor receptor, was significantly up-regulated in OMMs and organoids from patients resistant to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy. Combining anti-PD-1 with anlotinib (a phase 2 multitarget RTK inhibitor for OMM) or NGFR knockdown enhanced the effective activity of immune cells in organoid-immune cell coculture systems. Together, our study suggested that OMM organoids serve as faithful models for exploring tumor evolution and immunotherapy combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xindan Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Houyu Ju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guizhu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shuyang Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
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Zhao Y, Wei Y, Fan L, Nie Y, Li J, Zeng R, Li J, Zhan X, Lei L, Kang Z, Li J, Zhang W, Yang Z. Leveraging a disulfidptosis-related signature to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy effectiveness of cutaneous melanoma based on machine learning. Mol Med 2023; 29:145. [PMID: 37884883 PMCID: PMC10601311 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disulfidptosis is a recently discovered programmed cell death pathway. However, the exact molecular mechanism of disulfidptosis in cutaneous melanoma remains unclear. METHODS In this study, clustering analysis was performed using data from public databases to construct a prognostic model, which was subsequently externally validated. The biological functions of the model genes were then investigated through various experimental techniques, including qRT-PCR, Western blotting, CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay. RESULTS We constructed a signature using cutaneous melanoma (CM) data, which accurately predicts the overall survival (OS) of patients. The predictive value of this signature for prognosis and immune therapy response was validated using multiple external datasets. High-risk CM subgroups may exhibit decreased survival rates, alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and increased tumor mutation burden. We initially verified the expression levels of five optimum disulfidptosis-related genes (ODRGs) in normal tissues and CM. The expression levels of these genes were further confirmed in HaCaT cells and three melanoma cell lines using qPCR and protein blotting analysis. HLA-DQA1 emerged as the gene with the highest regression coefficient in our risk model, highlighting its role in CM. Mechanistically, HLA-DQA1 demonstrated the ability to suppress CM cell growth, proliferation, and migration. CONCLUSION In this study, a novel signature related to disulfidptosis was constructed, which accurately predicts the survival rate and treatment sensitivity of CM patients. Additionally, HLA-DQA1 is expected to be a feasible therapeutic target for effective clinical treatment of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Lingjia Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanliu Nie
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Renya Zeng
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jixian Li
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Zhan
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingli Lei
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhichao Kang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhe Yang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Hao W, Zhang Y, Dou J, Cui P, Zhu J. S100P as a potential biomarker for immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: a bioinformatics analysis and in vitro study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:997. [PMID: 37853345 PMCID: PMC10585823 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppression is a significant factor contributing to the poor prognosis of cancer. S100P, a member of the S100 protein family, has been implicated in various cancers. However, its role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of S100P on TME characteristics in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS Multiple data (including microarray, RNA-Seq, and scRNA-Seq) were obtained from public databases. The expression pattern of S100P was comprehensively evaluated in RNA-Seq data and validated in four different microarray datasets. Prognostic value was assessed through Kaplan-Meier plotter and Cox regression analyses. Immune infiltration levels were determined using the ESTIMATE and ssGSEA algorithms and validated at the single-cell level. Spearman correlation test was used to examine the correlation between S100P expression and immune checkpoint genes, and tumor mutation burden (TMB). DNA methylation analysis was performed to investigate the change in mRNA expression. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) were utilized to validate the expression using five cell lines and 60 pancreatic cancer tissues. RESULTS This study found that S100P was differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer and was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Notably, S100P exhibited a significant negative-correlation with immune cell infiltration, particularly CD8 + T cells. Furthermore, a close association between S100P and immunotherapy was observed, as it strongly correlated with TMB and the expression levels of TIGIT, HAVCR2, CTLA4, and BTLA (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, higher S100P expression demonstrated a negative correlation with methylation levels (cg14323984, cg27027375, cg14900031, cg14140379, cg25083732, cg07210669, cg26233331, and cg22266967), which were associated with CD8 + T cells. In vitro RT-PCR validated upregulated S100P expression across all five pancreatic cancer cell lines, and IHC confirmed high S100P levels in pancreatic cancer tissues (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that S100P could serve as a promising biomarker for immunosuppressive microenvironment, which may provide a novel therapeutic way for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Hao
- Department of gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jingwen Dou
- Department of gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Pu Cui
- Department of gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jicun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Muto Y, Kambayashi Y, Kato H, Fukushima S, Ito T, Maekawa T, Shoichiro I, Uchi H, Matsushita S, Yamamoto Y, Yoshino K, Fujisawa Y, Amagai R, Ohuchi K, Hashimoto A, Asano Y, Fujimura T. Postoperative adjuvant therapy for 120 patients with melanoma, including acral and mucosal subtypes: a multicentre, observational study of 2-year follow-up results. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:476-478. [PMID: 37243542 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We retrospectively analysed 120 cases of melanoma in Japanese patients in the adjuvant setting as an observational study. Nonacral cutaneous-type melanoma (low-CSD and high-CSD types) had significantly better RFS than acral-type melanoma. On multivariate analyses, the acral subtype and agents used in adjuvant therapy were identified as important prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Muto
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Kambayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryo Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ohuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Brunsgaard EK, Jensen J, Grossman D. Melanoma in skin of color: Part II. Racial disparities, role of UV, and interventions for earlier detection. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:459-468. [PMID: 35533770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite a higher incidence of melanoma among White individuals, melanoma-specific survival is worse among individuals with skin of color. Racial disparities in survival are multifactorial. Decreased skin cancer education focused on people with skin of color, lower rates of screening, increased socioeconomic barriers, higher proportions of more aggressive subtypes, and underrepresentation in research and professional education contribute to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Although high, intermittent UV exposure during childhood has been established as a significant modifiable risk factor for melanoma in individuals with lighter skin phototypes, there are limited data on UV exposure and melanoma risk in people with darker skin phototypes. The second article of this continuing medical education series will examine factors contributing to racial disparities in melanoma-specific survival, discuss the role of UV radiation, and address the need for further research and targeted educational interventions for melanoma in individuals with skin of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise K Brunsgaard
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jakob Jensen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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29
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Chang JW, Huang C, Huang W, Wang Y, Hsieh J, Chang Y, Huang Y, Wu C, Wang Y, Chen S, Tan KT, Chen C, Wu C. Genomic and tumour microenvironmental biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor response in advanced Taiwanese melanoma. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1465. [PMID: 37649975 PMCID: PMC10463562 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Genomic biomarkers predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment outcomes for Asian metastatic melanoma have been rarely reported. This study presents data on next-generation sequencing (NGS) and tumour microenvironment biomarkers in 33 cases. Methods Thirty-three patients with advanced melanoma, who underwent ICI treatment at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan, were recruited. The study evaluated clinical outcomes, including response rate, disease control rate, progression-free survival (PFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate. Archived tissue samples from 33 cases were subjected to NGS by ACTOnco, and ACTTME was employed in 25 cases. Results The most prevalent driver mutations were BRAF mutations (24.2%), followed by NRAS (15.2%), KIT (12.1%), KRAS (9.1%) and NF1 (9.1%) mutations. Acral/mucosal melanomas exhibited distinct mutation patterns compared to non-acral melanomas. Tumour mutational burden estimated using ACTOnco was not associated with ICI efficacy. Notably, genetic alterations in the p53 pathway (CDKNA2 loss, MDM2 gain/amplification and TP53 mutation) accounted for 36.4% and were significantly associated with unfavourable PFS (median PFS 2.7 months vs. 3.9 months, P = 0.0394). Moreover, 26 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes that were upregulated in patients with clinical benefits compared to those without benefits. Four genes, GZMH, GZMK, AIM2 and CTLA4, were found to be associated with both PFS and OS. Conclusion Genetic alterations in the p53 pathway may be critical in Asian patients with melanoma undergoing ICI treatment. Further investigation is required to explore this mechanism and validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wen‐Cheng Chang
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Jung Huang
- Institute of Biomedical InformaticsNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Kuan Huang
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical InformaticsNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jia‐Juan Hsieh
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yao‐Yu Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Lin Huang
- School of MedicineNational Tsing‐Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouInstitute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer ResearchTaoyuanTaiwan
| | | | | | | | - Kien Thiam Tan
- ACT Genomics Co., LtdTaipeiTaiwan
- Anbogen Therapeutics Co., LtdTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chiao‐Ping Chen
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chiao‐En Wu
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
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Zhu Y, Xiao W, Zhong W, Xi C, Ye J, Zhang Q, Wu H, Du S. Study of the skin-penetration promoting effect and mechanism of combined system of curcumin liposomes prepared by microfluidic chip and skin penetrating peptides TD-1 for topical treatment of primary melanoma. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123256. [PMID: 37482229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is an effective strategy for the treatment of melanoma with fewer side effects and good biocompatible, but the skin penetration of drugs should be further promoted. Here, we proposed a new system that combined curcumin liposomes (Cur-Lips) with skin-penetrating peptides to promote skin penetration ability. However, the preparation of Cur-Lips has drawbacks of instability and low entrapment efficiency by the traditional methods. We thus innovatively designed and applied a microfluidic chip to optimize the preparation of Cur-Lips. Cur-Lips exhibited a particle size of 106.22 ± 4.94 nm with a low polydispersity index (<0.3) and high entrapment efficiency of 99.33 ± 1.05 %, which were prepared by the microfluidic chip. The Cur-Lips increased the skin penetration capability of Cur by 2.76 times compared to its solution in vitro skin penetration experiment. With the help of skin-penetrating peptide TD-1, the combined system further promoted the skin penetration capability by 4.48 times. The (TD-1 + Cur-Lips) system also exhibited a superior inhibition effect of the tumor to B16F10 in vitro. Furthermore, the topical application of (TD-1 + Cur-Lips) gel suppressed melanoma growth in vivo, and induced tumor cell apoptosis in tumor tissues. The skin-penetration promotion mechanism of the system was investigated. It was proved that the system could interact with the lipids and keratin on the stratum corneum to promote the Cur distribute into the stratum corneum through hair follicles and sweat glands. We proved that the microfluidic chips had unique advantages for the preparation of liposomes. The innovative combined system of liposomes and biological transdermal enhancers can effectively promote the skin penetration effect of drugs and have great potential for the prevention and treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyin Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuqing Xiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanling Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Xi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Ye
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Huichao Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Han X, Ge P, Liu S, Yang D, Zhang J, Wang X, Liang W. Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in patients with malignant melanoma: a systematic review and PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and non-comparative clinical studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1163805. [PMID: 37521468 PMCID: PMC10374288 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1163805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer that spreads and metastasizes quickly. In recent years, the antiangiogenic drug bevacizumab has been trialed to treat malignant melanoma. We conducted the first meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab combined with other drugs in malignant melanoma. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-comparative clinical studies of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy, targeted medicine, and interferon to treat malignant melanoma in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Meta-analysis of RCT was performed using Review Manager (version 5.4), and non-comparative meta-analysis was performed using R (version 4.0.3). The primary outcome was the objective response rate. Depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies, the pooled outcomes and 95% CI were calculated using either random-effects or fixed-effect models. Subgroup outcomes were calculated with possible relevant variables. Sensitivity analyses were carried out by excluding each study from the highly heterogeneous pooled results in turn. Funnel plot and Begg's test were used to test the included studies' potential publication bias. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: This meta-analysis included 20 trials: five RCTs and 15 non-comparative clinical studies with a total of 23 bevacizumab intervention arms. In 14 treatment arms, bevacizumab was combined with chemotherapy drugs such as fotemustine, dacarbazine, carboplatin/paclitaxel, and temozolomide. In six treatment arms, bevacizumab was combined with targeted medicines such as imatinib, everolimus, sorafenib, erlotinib, and temsirolimus. There were also six treatment arms that used bevacizumab in combination with interferon. The pooled objective response rate was 15.8% (95% CI, 11.4%-20.2%). Bevacizumab plus carboplatin/paclitaxel significantly increased the overall survival compared to carboplatin/paclitaxel (HR = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.49-0.85, p < 0.01). Fatigue, nausea, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia were the most common adverse events. The pooled incidence of hypertension of all bevacizumab arms in malignant melanoma was 32.4% (95% CI, 24.5%-40.3%). Conclusion: This study showed that bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy might be effective and well-tolerated in patients with stage III or IV unresectable malignant melanoma. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=304625], identifier [CRD42022304625].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sat University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Pu Ge
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzi Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- Medical Equipment Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Ishizuki S, Nakamura Y. Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Skin Cancer Based on Clinical Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3291. [PMID: 37444401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node from the primary tumor. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a surgical procedure that can detect occult nodal metastasis with relatively low morbidity. It may also have a therapeutic effect via regional disease control. The Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy-I (MSLT-I) trial revealed a prognostic benefit from SLNB in melanoma patients. However, it remains unclear whether there is a prognostic benefit from SLNB in patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer owing to a lack of randomized prospective studies. Nevertheless, SLNB provides important information about nodal status, which is one of the strongest factors to predict prognosis and may guide additional nodal treatment. Currently, SLNB is widely used in the management of not only patients with melanoma but also those with nonmelanoma skin cancer. However, the utilization and outcomes of SLNB differ among skin cancers. In addition, SLNB is not recommended for routine use in all patients with skin cancer. In this review, we provide a summary of the role of SLNB and of the indications for SLNB in each skin cancer based on previously published articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Ishizuki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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Ionita I, Malita D, Dehelean C, Olteanu E, Marcovici I, Geamantan A, Chiriac S, Roman A, Radu D. Experimental Models for Rare Melanoma Research-The Niche That Needs to Be Addressed. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:673. [PMID: 37370604 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the tumor arising from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells-the melanocytes-represents one of the most severe cancer types. Despite their rarity compared to cutaneous melanoma, the extracutaneous subtypes such as uveal melanoma (UM), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), and mucosal melanoma (MM) stand out due to their increased aggressiveness and mortality rate, demanding continuous research to elucidate their specific pathological features and develop efficient therapies. Driven by the emerging progresses made in the preclinical modeling of melanoma, the current paper covers the most relevant in vitro, in vivo, and in ovo systems, providing a deeper understanding of these rare melanoma subtypes. However, the preclinical models for UM, ALM, and MM that were developed so far remain scarce, and none of them is able to completely simulate the complexity that is characteristic to these melanomas; thus, a continuous expansion of the existing library of experimental models is pivotal for driving advancements in this research field. An overview of the applicability of precision medicine in the management of rare melanoma subtypes is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Ionita
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Malita
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emilian Olteanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Geamantan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Chiriac
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrea Roman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Radu
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Li Z, Gao Y, Cao Y, He F, Jiang R, Liu H, Cai H, Zan T. Extracellular RNA in melanoma: Advances, challenges, and opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1141543. [PMID: 37215082 PMCID: PMC10192583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1141543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, a malignant mass lesion that originates in melanocytes and has a high rate of malignancy, metastasis, and mortality, is defined by these characteristics. Malignant melanoma is a kind of highly malignant tumor that produces melanin and has a high mortality rate. Its incidence accounts for 1%-3% of all malignant tumors and shows an obvious upward trend. The discovery of biomolecules for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant melanoma has important application value. So far, the exact molecular mechanism of melanoma development relevant signal pathway still remains unclear. According to previous studies, extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) have been implicated in tumorigenesis and spread of melanoma. They can influence the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of melanoma by controlling the expression of target genes and can also influence tumor progression by participating in signal transduction mechanisms. Therefore, understanding the relationship between exRNA and malignant melanoma and targeting therapy is of positive significance for its prevention and treatment. In this review, we did an analysis of extracellular vesicles of melanoma which focused on the role of exRNAs (lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs) and identifies several potential therapeutic targets. In addition, we discuss the typical signaling pathways involved in exRNAs, advances in exRNA detection and how they affect the tumor immune microenvironment in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxiao Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Gao
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifan He
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runyi Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Spinal Tumor Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongzhou Cai
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jęśkowiak-Kossakowska I, Jawień P, Krzyżak E, Mączyński M, Szafran R, Szeląg A, Janeczek M, Wiatrak B. Search for immunomodulatory compounds with antiproliferative activity against melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114374. [PMID: 36774726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a high degree of malignancy and rapid acquisition of resistance by cancer cells. METHODS Biological studies of a series of isoxazole compounds with immunomodulatory properties were preceded by in silico analysis. The assay evaluated the viability of NHDF and A375 cell cultures after the administration of isoxazole compounds after a 24-hour incubation period in the MTT test. Analyzes of ROS and NO scavenging, P-glycoprotein activity, and properties were performed. The levels of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 were measured using ELISA to assess which pathways induced apoptosis by the tested compounds. On the chip, the synergistic effect of doxorubicin and the most active compound from the MM9 series on cells of the A375 melanoma line was determined. RESULTS All tested N'-substituted derivatives of 5-amino-N,3-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbohydrazide with immunomodulatory activity show multidirectional antitumor activity on A375 melanoma lines with an affinity for P-glycoprotein, induction of free radical formation and generation of DNA damage leading to the death of cancer cells, as well as formation of complexes with DNA Topoisomerase II. Most of the tested compounds show pro-apoptotic activity. The most active compound in the series induces apoptosis in three distinct pathways and acts synergistically with doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS The most active compound with immunomodulatory properties showed multidirectional antitumor activity against cells of the A375 melanoma line and also had a synergistic pro-apoptotic effect with doxorubicin, which may result in a reduction of this cytostatic dose with increased effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Jęśkowiak-Kossakowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Paulina Jawień
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25/27, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Edward Krzyżak
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marcin Mączyński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Roman Szafran
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, ul. Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Janeczek
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25/27, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Ito T, Hashimoto H, Kaku-Ito Y, Tanaka Y, Nakahara T. Nail Apparatus Melanoma: Current Management and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062203. [PMID: 36983205 PMCID: PMC10057171 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nail apparatus melanoma (NAM) is a rare type of cutaneous melanoma that belongs to the acral melanoma subtype. NAM is managed principally in accordance with the general treatment for cutaneous melanoma, but there is scarce evidence in support of this in the literature. Acral melanoma is genetically different from non-acral cutaneous melanoma, while recently accumulated data suggest that NAM also has a different genetic background from acral melanoma. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the management of NAM. Localized NAM should be surgically removed; amputation of the digit and digit-preserving surgery have been reported. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be considered for invasive NAM for the purpose of accurate staging. However, it is yet to be clarified whether patients with metastatic sentinel lymph nodes can be safely spared completion lymph node dissection. Similar to cutaneous melanoma, immune checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF/MEK inhibitors are used as the first-line treatment for metastatic NAM, but data on the efficacy of these therapies remain scarce. The therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors could be lower for NAM than for cutaneous melanoma. This review highlights the urgent need to accumulate data to better define the optimal management of this rare melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Ito
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-5585; Fax: +81-92-642-5600
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Novel Green Fluorescent Probe Stem From Carbon Quantum Dots for Specific Recognition of Tyrosinase in Serum and Living Cells. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:739-750. [PMID: 36515759 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR), an important biomarker for melanoma, offered significant information early detection of melanoma and may decrease the likelihood of mortality. Therefore, this article constructed a highly sensitive and selective green fluorescent functionalized carbon quantum dots (TYR-CQDs) for tyrosinase (TYR) activity detection by one-step hydrothermal protocol utilizing catechol, citric acid and urea as precursors. The prepared TYR-CQDs illustrated excellent linear relationship and broad linear range with a low detection limit, which exhibited high accuracy and recovery in quantitative determination of TYR in human serum samples. Furthermore, the TYR-CQDs had successfully realized intracellular TYR detection owing to excellent biocompatibility, high anti-interference ability and good cellular imaging capability, suggesting the potential biomedical applications in early diagnosis of melanoma and other tyrosinase-related diseases.
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Acral Melanoma Is Infiltrated with cDC1s and Functional Exhausted CD8 T Cells Similar to the Cutaneous Melanoma of Sun-Exposed Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054786. [PMID: 36902214 PMCID: PMC10003718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) is the most common melanoma in non-Caucasian populations, yet it remains largely understudied. As AM lacks the UV-radiation mutational signatures that characterize other cutaneous melanomas, it is considered devoid of immunogenicity and is rarely included in clinical trials assessing novel immunotherapeutic regimes aiming to recover the antitumor function of immune cells. We studied a Mexican cohort of melanoma patients from the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) (n = 38) and found an overrepresentation of AM (73.9%). We developed a multiparametric immunofluorescence technique coupled with a machine learning image analysis to evaluate the presence of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) and CD8 T cells in the stroma of melanoma, two of the most relevant immune cell types for antitumor responses. We observed that both cell types infiltrate AM at similar and even higher levels than other cutaneous melanomas. Both melanoma types harbored programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1+) CD8 T cells and PD-1 ligand (PD-L1+) cDC1s. Despite this, CD8 T cells appeared to preserve their effector function and expanding capacity as they expressed interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and KI-67. The density of cDC1s and CD8 T cells significantly decreased in advanced stage III and IV melanomas, supporting these cells' capacity to control tumor progression. These data also argue that AM could respond to anti-PD-1-PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Xue S, Su XM, Ke LN, Huang YG. CXCL9 correlates with antitumor immunity and is predictive of a favorable prognosis in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1077780. [PMID: 36845675 PMCID: PMC9945585 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1077780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-9 (CXCL9) is related to the progression of multiple neoplasms. Yet, its biological functions in uterine corpus endometrioid carcinoma (UCEC) remain shrouded in confusion. Here, we assessed the prognostic significance and potential mechanism of CXCL9 in UCEC. Methods Firstly, bioinformatics analysis of the public cancer database, including the Cancer Genome Atlas / the Genotype-Tissue Expression project (TCGA+ GTEx, n=552) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO): GSE63678 (n=7), were utilized for the CXCL9 expression-related analysis in UCEC. Then, the survival analysis of TCGA-UCEC was performed. Futher, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out to reveal the potential molecular signaling pathway in UCEC associated with CXCL9 expression. Moreover, the immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay of our validation cohort (n=124) from human specimens were used to demonstrate the latent significance of CXCL9 in UCEC. Results The bioinformatics analysis suggested that CXCL9 expression was significantly upregulated in UCEC patients; and hyper-expression of CXCL9 was related to prolonged survival. the GSEA enrichment analysis showed various immune response-related pathways, including T/NK cell, lymphocyte activation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction network, and chemokine signaling pathway, mediated by CXCL9. In addition, the cytotoxic molecules (IFNG, SLAMF7, JCHAIN, NKG7, GBP5, LYZ, GZMA, GZMB, and TNF3F9) and the immunosuppressive genes (including PD-L1) were positively related to the expression of CXCL9. Further, the IHC assay indicated that the CXCL9 protein expression was mainly located in intertumoral and significantly upregulated in the UCEC patients; UCEC with high intertumoral CXCL9 cell abundance harbored an improved prognosis; a higher ratio of anti-tumor immune cells (CD4+, CD8+, and CD56+ cell) and PD-L1 was found in UCEC with CXCL9 high expression. Conclusion Overexpressed CXCL9 correlates with antitumor immunity and is predictive of a favorable prognosis in UCEC. It hinted that CXCL9 may serve as an independent prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target in UCEC patients, which augmented anti-tumor immune effects to furnish survival benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Xue
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao-min Su
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-na Ke
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China,*Correspondence: Yu-gang Huang, ; Li-na Ke,
| | - Yu-gang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China,*Correspondence: Yu-gang Huang, ; Li-na Ke,
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40
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Spiliopoulou P, Vornicova O, Genta S, Spreafico A. Shaping the Future of Immunotherapy Targets and Biomarkers in Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Cutaneous Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021294. [PMID: 36674809 PMCID: PMC9862040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in treating cutaneous melanoma have resulted in impressive patient survival gains. Refinement of disease staging and accurate patient risk classification have significantly improved our prognostic knowledge and ability to accurately stratify treatment. Undoubtedly, the most important step towards optimizing patient outcomes has been the advent of cancer immunotherapy, in the form of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). Immunotherapy has established its cardinal role in the management of both early and late-stage melanoma. Through leveraging outcomes in melanoma, immunotherapy has also extended its benefit to other types of skin cancers. In this review, we endeavor to summarize the current role of immunotherapy in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, highlight the most pertinent immunotherapy-related molecular biomarkers, and lastly, shed light on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Spiliopoulou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Olga Vornicova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Sofia Genta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-946-4501 (ext. 5083)
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41
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Levi ST, Boland GM. ONCOS-102: A Step Forward or Sideways? Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3-4. [PMID: 36269283 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of anti-PD-1 refractory melanoma remains a challenge. Intratumoral injection of ONCOS-102, a chimeric oncolytic adenovirus expressing GMCSF, into anti-PD-1-resistant melanoma with administration of pembrolizumab was safe and effective. Response to therapy was associated with increased lymphocyte infiltration and expression of cytotoxicity and costimulatory genes. See related article by Shoushtari et al., p. 100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana T Levi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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42
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Yan J, Wu X, Zhu Y, Cang S. Genome-wide DNA methylation profile analysis identifies an individualized predictive signature for melanoma immune response. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:343-356. [PMID: 36595044 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current evaluation methods for tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), particularly CD8 + TILs, mainly rely on semiquantitative immunohistochemistry with high variability. We aimed to construct an individualized DNA methylation-based signature for CD8 + TILs (CD8 + MeTIL) that may characterize melanoma immune microenvironment and guide therapeutic selection. METHODS The transcriptome profiles and DNA methylation data of 457 melanoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed. Differential methylation analysis between groups with high and low CD8 + TILs was performed to select differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and define CD8 + MeTIL. The prognostic value of CD8 + MeTIL and its predictive value for immunotherapy response were investigated using multiple melanoma cohorts. RESULTS We successfully constructed the CD8 + MeTIL signature based on four DMPs. The survival analyses showed that higher CD8 + MeTIL score was associated with worse survival outcomes in TCGA-SKCM and GSE144487 cohorts. The ROC curve for the predictive analysis revealed that the survival prediction of CD8 + MeTIL score was superior compared with CD8 + TILs (CIBERSORT) and CD8B mRNA expression. Furthermore, we founded that tumors with higher CD8 + MeTIL score were marked with immunosuppressive characteristics, including low immune score and downregulated immune-related pathways. More importantly, the CD8 + MeTIL score showed a potential predictive value for the benefit from immunotherapy in two published cohorts. When combined CD8 + MeTIL with PD-L1 expression, the patient classification showed significantly different immunotherapy response rates and long-term survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The CD8 + MeTIL signature might be as a novel method to evaluate CD8 + TILs and guide immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Yan
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for patients with metastatic melanoma; however, there remains an unmet clinical need for alternative treatment options for those patients who are either intolerant or refractory to immunotherapy. Here we review the role and clinical efficacy of targeted therapies for BRAFV600 wild-type melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS Genomic analyses in BRAFV600 wild-type melanoma have previously identified driver mutations along the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathways that can be targeted with small molecule inhibitors. New drugs such as bispecific antibodies and antibody drug conjugates may have significant clinical activity even in rare subtypes of melanoma that are less responsive to ICIs. Historically, molecular-targeted therapies have modest clinical success in treating BRAFV600 wild-type melanoma; nevertheless, they may have a significant clinical role in select, genetically distinct groups of patients. Next-generation immunotherapies or immunomodulators may represent the latest breakthrough in the treatment of melanoma. Additional studies are needed to identify novel drug targets and synergistic drug combinations to expand treatment options and optimize clinical outcomes.
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Brown-Korsah JB, McKenzie S, Omar D, Syder NC, Elbuluk N, Taylor SC. Variations in genetics, biology, and phenotype of cutaneous disorders in skin of color - Part I: Genetic, biologic, and structural differences in skin of color. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:1239-1258. [PMID: 35809800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.06.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin of color (SOC) populations include those who identify as Black/African, Hispanic/Latinx, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Native Alaskan, Indigenous Australian, Middle Eastern, biracial/multiracial, or non-White; this list is far from exhaustive and may vary between and within cultures. Recent genetic and immunological studies have suggested that cutaneous inflammatory disorders (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa) and malignancies (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) may have variations in their immunophenotype among SOC. Additionally, there is growing recognition of the substantial role social determinants of health play in driving health inequalities in SOC communities. It is critically important to understand that social determinants of health often play a larger role than biologic or genetic factors attributed to "race" in health care outcomes. Herein, we describe the structural, genetic, and immunological variations and the potential implications of these variations in populations with SOC. This article underscores the importance of increasing the number of large, robust genetic studies of cutaneous disorders in SOC to create more targeted, effective therapies for this often underserved and understudied population. Part II of this CME will highlight the clinical differences in the phenotypic presentation of and the health disparities associated with the aforementioned cutaneous disorders in SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Brown-Korsah
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shanice McKenzie
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deega Omar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nicole C Syder
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nada Elbuluk
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan C Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Shui IM, Scherrer E, Frederickson A, Li JW, Mynzhassarova A, Druyts E, Tawbi H. Resistance to anti-PD1 therapies in patients with advanced melanoma: systematic literature review and application of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Immunotherapy Resistance Taskforce anti-PD1 resistance definitions. Melanoma Res 2022; 32:393-404. [PMID: 36223314 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nearly half of advanced melanoma patients do not achieve a clinical response with anti-programmed cell death 1 protein (PD1) therapy (i.e. primary resistance) or initially achieve a clinical response but eventually progress during or following further treatment (i.e. secondary resistance). A consensus definition for tumor resistance to anti-PD1 monotherapy was published by Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Immunotherapy Resistance Taskforce (SITC) in 2020. A systematic literature review (SLR) of clinical trials and observational studies was conducted to characterize the proportions of advanced melanoma patients who have progressed on anti-PD1 therapies. The SLR included 55 unique studies and the SITC definition of primary resistance was applied to 37 studies that specified disease progression by best overall response. Median and range of patients with primary resistance in studies that specified first-line and second-line or higher anti-PD1 monotherapy was 35.50% (21.19-39.13%; n = 4 studies) and 41.54% (30.00-56.41%, n = 3 studies); median and range of patients with primary resistance in studies that specified first-line and second-line or higher combination therapy was 30.23% (15.79-33.33%; n = 6 studies), and 70.00% (61.10-73.33%; n = 3 studies). Primary resistance to anti-PD1 monotherapies and when in combination with ipilimumab are higher in patients receiving second-line or higher therapies, in patients with acral, mucosal, and uveal melanoma, and in patients with active brain metastases. The percentage of patients with primary resistance was generally consistent across clinical trials, with variability in resistance noted for observational studies. Limitations include applying the SITC definitions to combination therapies, where consensus definitions are not yet available. Future studies should highly consider utilizing the SITC definitions to harmonize how resistance is classified and facilitate meaningful context for clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joyce W Li
- Pharmalytics Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Eric Druyts
- Pharmalytics Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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46
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Sun W, Zhao F, Hu T, Wu Z, Xu Y, Dong Y, Zheng B, Wang C, Yan W, Zhu X, Wu J, McKay MJ, Arozarena I, Alos L, Teixido C, Chen Y. Oncogenic alterations reveal key strategies for precision oncology in melanoma treatment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1246. [PMID: 36544693 PMCID: PMC9761125 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Molecular profiling with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been applied in multiple solid tumors, including melanomas, to identify potential drug targets. However, the association between clinical outcomes and the molecular alterations has not yet been fully clarified. Methods A total of 108 patients with melanoma were included in this study, 95 of whom had both sequencing data and clinical outcomes were collected. We analyzed the genetic alterations of 108 malignant melanoma patients using the OncoCare panel, which covers 559 genes. Results A model was also established to predict side effects through a combination analysis of clinical data and somatic variants, yielding an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) score of 0.8. We also identified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation was excellent predictor for progression-free survival (PFS) for patient who received immunotherapy (log-rank P=0.01), while tumor mutation burden (TMB) was found to not be significantly associated with PFS (log-rank P=0.87). Combining clinical features with genetic analysis, we found that patients carrying both DNA POLD1/ALOX12B or POLD1/PTPRT mutations had a significantly lower survival rate. Conclusions Overall, these results demonstrate the benefits of applying NGS clinical panels and shed light on future directions of personalized therapeutics for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tu Hu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biqiang Zheng
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- MyGenostics Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Michael J. McKay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northern Cancer Service, Burnie, Australia
| | - Imanol Arozarena
- Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet-Idisna, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Llucia Alos
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Teixido
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China;,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mao L, Fang M, Chen Y, Wei X, Cao J, Lin J, Zhang P, Chen L, Cao X, Chen Y, Guo J, Si L. Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in Patients with Unresectable or Metastatic Mucosal Melanoma: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm Phase II Study. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4642-4648. [PMID: 36044526 PMCID: PMC9623232 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-programmed cell death-1 monotherapy is part of standard therapy for cutaneous melanoma but has low efficacy in mucosal melanoma. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as first-line therapy for advanced mucosal melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II study used a Simon's two-stage design. Atezolizumab (fixed-dose, 1,200 mg) and bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg) were administered by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), determined per RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DOR), and safety, with adverse events (AE) summarized using NCI-CTCAE v5.0. RESULTS Overall, 43 patients were enrolled, including 20 (46.5%) with unresectable and 23 (53.5%) with metastatic mucosal melanoma. Median follow-up was 13.4 months at data cutoff (July 30, 2021). Forty patients were evaluable for response: ORR was 45.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 29.3%-61.5%; one complete response, 17 partial responses]. Median PFS was 8.2 months (95% CI, 2.7-9.6); 6- and 12-month PFS rates were 53.4% (95% CI, 36.6%-67.6%) and 28.1% (95% CI, 14.2%-43.9%), respectively. Median OS was not reached (NR; 95% CI, 14.4-NR). Six- and 12-month OS rates were 92.5% (95% CI, 78.5%-97.5%) and 76.0% (95% CI, 57.1%-87.5%), respectively. Median DOR was 12.5 months (95% CI, 5.5-NR). Overall, 90.7% (39/43) of patients experienced treatment-related AEs; 25.6% (11/43) experienced grade ≥3 events. CONCLUSIONS Atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab showed promising efficacy and manageable safety in patients with advanced mucosal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyu Fang
- Department of Rare Cancer & Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Rare Cancer & Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Rare Cancer & Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Cao
- Shanghai Roche Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yujun Chen
- Shanghai Roche Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.,Corresponding Author: Lu Si, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China. Phone: 86-10-88196951; Fax: 86-10-88196951; E-mail:
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48
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Li J, Liu B, Ye Q, Xiao X, Yan S, Guan W, He L, Wang C, Yu Z, Tai Z, Pei S, Ma Y, Li S, Wang Y, Wu N. Comprehensive genomic analysis of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus reveals similar genetic patterns compared with epithelium-associated melanomas. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1596-1608. [PMID: 35688970 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is an exceedingly rare disease with a poor prognosis. The etiology of PMME remains largely unknown and genetic characteristics are yet to be clarified, essential for identifying potential therapeutic targets and defining treatment guidelines. Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 47 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 18 patients with PMME, including 23 tumor samples, 6 metastatic lymph nodes, and 18 tumor-adjacent normal tissues. The genomic features of PMME were comprehensively characterized, and comparative genomic analysis was further performed between these specimens and 398 skin cutaneous melanomas (SKCM), 67 non-esophagus mucosal melanomas (NEMM), and 79 uveal melanomas (UVM). In the PMME cohort, recurrently mutated driver genes, such as MUC16, RANBP2, NRAS, TP53, PTPRT, NF1, MUC4, KMT2C, and BRAF, were identified. All RANBP2 mutations were putatively deleterious, and most affected samples had multipoint mutations. Furthermore, RANBP2 showed parallel evolution by multiregional analysis. Whole-genome doubling was an early truncal event that occurred before most driver mutations, except for in TP53. An ultraviolet radiation-related mutational signature, SBS38, was identified as specific to epithelial melanomas and could predict inferior survival outcomes in both PMME and SKCM patients. Comparing the mutational and copy number landscapes between PMME and other subtypes of melanoma revealed that PMME has a similar genomic pattern and biological characteristics to SKCM. In summary, we comprehensively defined the key genomic aberrations and mutational processes driving PMME and suggested for the first time that PMME may share similar genomic patterns with SKCM; therefore, patients with rare melanomas, such as PMME, may benefit from the current treatment used for common cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- The Precision Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wenyan Guan
- The Pathology Department, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu He
- The Pathology Department, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaixian Tai
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Shimei Pei
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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49
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Si L, Zhang X, Shu Y, Pan H, Wu D, Liu J, Mao L, Wang X, Wen X, Gu Y, Zhu L, Lan S, Cai X, Diede SJ, Dai H, Niu C, Li J, Guo J. Pembrolizumab in Chinese patients with advanced melanoma: 3-year follow-up of the KEYNOTE-151 study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882471. [PMID: 36304457 PMCID: PMC9593700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival is generally poor for Chinese patients with advanced melanoma because of high rates of acral and mucosal melanoma and limited therapeutic options. The first analysis of the phase 1b KEYNOTE-151 study showed second-line pembrolizumab was well tolerated and had clinically meaningful antitumor activity in Chinese patients with advanced melanoma. Three-year follow-up is presented. Eligible patients were of Chinese descent and had unresectable stage III/IV melanoma that progressed after first-line therapy. Patients received pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks for ≤35 cycles. Primary end points were safety and objective response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Response was assessed per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review. Subgroup analyses were conducted by melanoma subtype and BRAF and PD-L1 status (acral melanoma only). 103 patients were enrolled; median follow-up duration (time from first dose to data cutoff [July 13, 2020]) was 44.6 months (IQR, 39.1–46.2). Any-grade treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 85.4% of patients, and grade 3/4 TRAEs in 12.6%. No grade 5 TRAEs occurred. Three patients discontinued pembrolizumab because of TRAEs (immune-mediated hepatitis, pneumonia, and arthritis). Immune-mediated AEs and infusion reactions occurred in 34.0% (grade 3/4, 2.9%). ORR was 17.6% (95% CI, 10.8–26.4; 1 complete response/17 partial responses), and median DOR was 13.8 months (range, 2.7–37.4+). Median PFS was 2.8 months (95% CI, 2.7–3.5) and 36-month PFS rate was 5.0%. Median OS was 13.2 months (95% CI, 10.4–16.5) and 36-month OS rate was 22.3%. Median OS for patients with known melanoma subtype was 14.8 months for acral, 13.5 months for nonacral cutaneous, and 7.4 months for mucosal melanoma. Among the acral subgroup, median OS was 22.8 months for PD-L1–positive disease, 8.4 months for PD-L1–negative disease, 18.5 months for BRAF wild-type disease, and 5.8 months for BRAF-mutant disease. Over 3 years’ follow-up, second-line pembrolizumab continued to show manageable safety, clinically meaningful antitumor activity, and durable responses in Chinese patients with advanced melanoma. Subgroup analysis suggested particular benefit in PD-L1–positive and BRAF wild-type acral melanoma, although small subgroup sizes preclude definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Si,
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Hongming Pan
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xizhi Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Shijie Lan
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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50
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Advances in the Application of Nanomaterials to the Treatment of Melanoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102090. [PMID: 36297527 PMCID: PMC9610396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma can be divided into cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma, mucosal melanoma, etc. It is a very aggressive tumor that is prone to metastasis. Patients with metastatic melanoma have a poor prognosis and shorter survival. Although current melanoma treatments have been dramatically improved, there are still many problems such as systemic toxicity and the off-target effects of drugs. The use of nanoparticles may overcome some inadequacies of current melanoma treatments. In this review, we summarize the limitations of current therapies for cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma, and mucosal melanoma, as well as the adjunct role of nanoparticles in different treatment modalities. We suggest that nanomaterials may have an effective intervention in melanoma treatment in the future.
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