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Bhandari A, Seguin A, Rothenfluh A. Synaptic Mechanisms of Ethanol Tolerance and Neuroplasticity: Insights from Invertebrate Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6838. [PMID: 38999947 PMCID: PMC11241699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol tolerance is a neuroadaptive response that leads to a reduction in the effects of alcohol caused by previous exposure. Tolerance plays a critical role in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) because it leads to the escalation of drinking and dependence. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol tolerance is therefore important for the development of effective therapeutics and for understanding addiction in general. This review explores the molecular basis of alcohol tolerance in invertebrate models, Drosophila and C. elegans, focusing on synaptic transmission. Both organisms exhibit biphasic responses to ethanol and develop tolerance similar to that of mammals. Furthermore, the availability of several genetic tools makes them a great candidate to study the molecular basis of ethanol response. Studies in invertebrate models show that tolerance involves conserved changes in the neurotransmitter systems, ion channels, and synaptic proteins. These neuroadaptive changes lead to a change in neuronal excitability, most likely to compensate for the enhanced inhibition by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Bhandari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alexandra Seguin
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Adrian Rothenfluh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Roychowdhury S, Pant B, Cross E, Scheraga R, Vachharajani V. Effect of ethanol exposure on innate immune response in sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:1029-1041. [PMID: 38066660 PMCID: PMC11136611 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder, reported by 1 in 8 critically ill patients, is a risk factor for death in sepsis patients. Sepsis, the leading cause of death, kills over 270,000 patients in the United States alone and remains without targeted therapy. Immune response in sepsis transitions from an early hyperinflammation to persistent inflammation and immunosuppression and multiple organ dysfunction during late sepsis. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogen invasion. Ethanol exposure is known to impair innate and adaptive immune response and bacterial clearance in sepsis patients. Specifically, ethanol exposure is known to modulate every aspect of innate immune response with and without sepsis. Multiple molecular mechanisms are implicated in causing dysregulated immune response in ethanol exposure with sepsis, but targeted treatments have remained elusive. In this article, we outline the effects of ethanol exposure on various innate immune cell types in general and during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Bishnu Pant
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Emily Cross
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Rachel Scheraga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Integrated Hospital-Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195, United States
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Integrated Hospital-Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195, United States
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Guan Y, Li F, Li N, Yang P. Decoding Behcet's Uveitis: an In-depth review of pathogenesis and therapeutic advances. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:133. [PMID: 38778397 PMCID: PMC11112928 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a rare but globally distributed vasculitis that primarily affects populations in the Mediterranean and Asian regions. Behcet's uveitis (BU) is a common manifestation of BD, occurring in over two-thirds of the patients. BU is characterized by bilateral, chronic, recurrent, non-granulomatous uveitis in association with complications such as retinal ischemia and atrophy, optic atrophy, macular ischemia, macular edema, and further neovascular complications (vitreous hemorrhage, neovascular glaucoma). Although the etiology and pathogenesis of BU remain unclear, numerous studies reveal that genetic factors (such as HLA-B51), dysregulated immune responses of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, infections (such as streptococcus), and environmental factors (such as GDP) are all involved in its development. Innate immunity, including hyperactivity of neutrophils and γδT cells and elevated NK1/NK2 ratios, has been shown to play an essential role in this disease. Adaptive immune system disturbance, including homeostatic perturbations, Th1, Th17 overaction, and Treg cell dysfunction, is thought to be involved in BU pathogenesis. Treatment of BU requires a tailored approach based on the location, severity of inflammation, and systemic manifestations. The therapy aims to achieve rapid inflammation suppression, preservation of vision, and prevention of recurrence. Systemic corticosteroids combined with other immunosuppressive agents have been widely used to treat BU, and beneficial effects are observed in most patients. Recently, biologics have been shown to be effective in treating refractory BU cases. Novel therapeutic targets for treating BU include the LCK gene, Th17/Treg balance, JAK pathway inhibition, and cytokines such as IL-17 and RORγt. This article summarizes the recent studies on BU, especially in terms of pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria and classification, auxiliary examination, and treatment options. A better understanding of the significance of microbiome composition, genetic basis, and persistent immune mechanisms, as well as advancements in identifying new biomarkers and implementing objective quantitative detection of BU, may greatly contribute to improving the adequate management of BU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuzhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Ren J, Ren S. Larsucosterol: endogenous epigenetic regulator for treating chronic and acute liver diseases. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E577-E587. [PMID: 38381400 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00406.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Larsucosterol, a potent endogenous epigenetic regulator, has been reported to play a significant role in lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cell survival. The administration of larsucosterol has demonstrated a reduction in lipid accumulation within hepatocytes and the attenuation of inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFα in macrophages, alleviating LPS- and acetaminophen (ATMP)-induced multiple organ injury, and decreasing mortalities in animal models. Results from phase 1 and 2 clinical trials have shown that larsucosterol has potential as a biomedicine for the treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases. Recent evidence suggests that larsucosterol is a promising candidate for treating alcohol-associated hepatitis with positive results from a phase 2a clinical trial, and for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) from a phase 1b clinical trial. In this review, we present a culmination of our recent research efforts spanning two decades. We summarize the discovery, physiological and pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical applications of larsucosterol. Furthermore, we elucidate the pathophysiological pathways of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and acute liver injuries. A central focus of the review is the exploration of the therapeutic potential of larsucosterol in treating life-threatening conditions, including acetaminophen overdose, endotoxin shock, MASLD, MASH, hepatectomy, and alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Jenna Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Shunlin Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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Crews FT, Macht V, Vetreno RP. Epigenetic regulation of microglia and neurons by proinflammatory signaling following adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure and in human AUD. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2024; 4:12094. [PMID: 38524847 PMCID: PMC10957664 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2024.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol drinking is linked to high rates of adult alcohol problems and alcohol use disorder (AUD). The Neurobiology of Alcohol Drinking in Adulthood (NADIA) consortium adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) models adolescent binge drinking, followed by abstinent maturation to adulthood to determine the persistent AIE changes in neurobiology and behavior. AIE increases adult alcohol drinking and preference, increases anxiety and reward seeking, and disrupts sleep and cognition, all risks for AUD. In addition, AIE induces changes in neuroimmune gene expression in neurons and glia that alter neurocircuitry and behavior. HMGB1 is a unique neuroimmune signal released from neurons and glia by ethanol that activates multiple proinflammatory receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), that spread proinflammatory gene induction. HMGB1 expression is increased by AIE in rat brain and in post-mortem human AUD brain, where it correlates with lifetime alcohol consumption. HMGB1 activation of TLR increase TLR expression. Human AUD brain and rat brain following AIE show increases in multiple TLRs. Brain regional differences in neurotransmitters and cell types impact ethanol responses and neuroimmune gene induction. Microglia are monocyte-like cells that provide trophic and synaptic functions, that ethanol proinflammatory signals sensitize or "prime" during repeated drinking cycles, impacting neurocircuitry. Neurocircuits are differently impacted dependent upon neuronal-glial signaling. Acetylcholine is an anti-inflammatory neurotransmitter. AIE increases HMGB1-TLR4 signaling in forebrain, reducing cholinergic neurons by silencing multiple cholinergic defining genes through upregulation of RE-1 silencing factor (REST), a transcription inhibitor known to regulate neuronal differentiation. HMGB1 REST induction reduces cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain and cholinergic innervation of hippocampus. Adult brain hippocampal neurogenesis is regulated by a neurogenic niche formed from multiple cells. In vivo AIE and in vitro studies find ethanol increases HMGB1-TLR4 signaling and other proinflammatory signaling as well as reducing trophic factors, NGF, and BDNF, coincident with loss of the cholinergic synapse marker vChAT. These changes in gene expression-transcriptomes result in reduced adult neurogenesis. Excitingly, HMGB1 antagonists, anti-inflammatories, and epigenetic modifiers like histone deacetylase inhibitors restore trophic the neurogenesis. These findings suggest anti-inflammatory and epigenetic drugs should be considered for AUD therapy and may provide long-lasting reversal of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulton T. Crews
- Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Zhao JY, Lin HY, Gong CF, Zhang H, Huang XJ, Xie MY, You C. Establishment and validation of a predictive nomogram for severe pleural effusion in liver cancer patients after hepatectomy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36556. [PMID: 38457588 PMCID: PMC10919469 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for severe postoperative pleural effusion (SPOPE) in patients undergoing hepatectomy for liver cancer. A total of 536 liver cancer patients who underwent hepatectomy at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, were enrolled in a retrospective observational study and comprised the training dataset. Lasso regression and logistic regression analyses were employed to construct a predictive nomogram. The nomogram was internally validated using Bootstrapping and externally validated with a dataset of 203 patients who underwent liver cancer resection at the Department of General Surgery III of the same hospital from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022. We evaluated the nomogram using the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Variables such as drinking history, postoperative serum albumin, postoperative total bilirubin, right hepatectomy, diaphragm incision, and intraoperative blood loss were observed to be associated with SPOPE. These factors were integrated into our nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.736 (95% CI: 0.692-0.781) in the training set and 0.916 (95% CI: 0.872-0.961) in the validation set. The nomogram was then evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. The nomogram demonstrates good discriminative ability, calibration, and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hang-Yu Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Cai-Fang Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xu-Jian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Meng-Yi Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chuan You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Shah P, Hanson M, Waller JL, Tran S, Baer SL, Taskar V, Bollag WB. The Assessment of Infection Risk in Patients with Vitiligo Undergoing Dialysis for End-Stage Renal Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Pathogens 2024; 13:94. [PMID: 38276167 PMCID: PMC10821439 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition that causes patchy skin depigmentation. Although the mechanism by which vitiligo induces immunocompromise is unclear, other related autoimmune diseases are known to predispose those affected to infection. Individuals with vitiligo exhibit epidermal barrier disruption, which could potentially increase their susceptibility to systemic infections; patients with renal disease also show a predisposition to infection. Nevertheless, there is little research addressing the risk of infection in dialysis patients with vitiligo in comparison to those without it. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States Renal Data System who started dialysis between 2004 and 2019 to determine if ESRD patients with vitiligo are at an increased risk of bacteremia, cellulitis, conjunctivitis, herpes zoster, or septicemia. Multivariable logistic regression modeling indicated that female sex, black compared to white race, Hispanic ethnicity, hepatitis C infection, and tobacco use were associated with an enhanced risk of vitiligo, whereas increasing age and catheter, versus arteriovenous fistula, and access type were associated with a decreased risk. After controlling for demographics and clinical covariates, vitiligo was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of bacteremia, cellulitis, and herpes zoster but not with conjunctivitis and septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Shah
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.S.); (M.H.); (S.T.); (S.L.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Mitchell Hanson
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.S.); (M.H.); (S.T.); (S.L.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Jennifer L. Waller
- Division of Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Sarah Tran
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.S.); (M.H.); (S.T.); (S.L.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Stephanie L. Baer
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.S.); (M.H.); (S.T.); (S.L.B.); (V.T.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Varsha Taskar
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.S.); (M.H.); (S.T.); (S.L.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Wendy B. Bollag
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.S.); (M.H.); (S.T.); (S.L.B.); (V.T.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Liu Y, Zhu J, Shen J, Lu Y, Pan K, Tong C, Wang Y. A pan-cancer analysis of the prognostic implication and oncogenic role of tubulin epsilon and delta complex 2 (TEDC2) in human tumors. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1272108. [PMID: 38239349 PMCID: PMC10794491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tubulin epsilon and delta complex 2 (TEDC2) is widely expressed in various human tissues and primarily governs centriole stability. However, the biological significance of TEDC2 in pan-cancer is unclear. Methods In this study, we employed R software and various online bioinformatics analysis tools to investigate the functional attributes of TEDC2 in human tumours and its potential involvement in immune response. The status of TEDC2 expression was evaluated in samples from the TCGA and GEO datasets, as well as in tumour and corresponding normal samples from the TCGA database. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier estimates, clinical correlations, and univariate Cox regressions were used to analyze the 33 types of tumors from TCGA and determine the prognostic significance of TEDC2. Moreover, nomogram models were formulated using three distinct tumours, namely kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), to evaluate the prognostic significance of TEDC2 in tumours. Furthermore, TEDC2 was investigated for its correlation with the levels of immune cell infiltration, and a functional enrichment analysis was conducted to identify potential signalling pathways involving TEDC2. Results Differential analysis revealed that 16 tumour types expressed TEDC2 to a greater extent than normal tissues. The abnormal expression of TEDC2 can predict survival outcomes in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), KIRC, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), LUAD, LIHC, lower grade glioma (LGG), and thymoma (THYM). Subsequent results indicated that TEDC2 has the ability to influence ECM regulators, cell cycle, and Immune checkpoint-associated signalling pathways, which could potentially lead to a poor prognosis and tumour progression. Discussion TEDC2 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target that could predict the prognosis of multiple tumour types, making it a promising target for reversing tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Senior Departments of Urology, the Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lewis SA, Cinco IR, Doratt BM, Blanton MB, Hoagland C, Newman N, Davies M, Grant KA, Messaoudi I. Chronic alcohol consumption dysregulates innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the lung. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104812. [PMID: 37793211 PMCID: PMC10562860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is widespread with over half of the individuals over 18 years of age in the U.S. reporting alcohol use in the last 30 days. Moreover, 9 million Americans engaged in binge or chronic heavy drinking (CHD) in 2019. CHD negatively impacts pathogen clearance and tissue repair, including in the respiratory tract, thereby increasing susceptibility to infection. Although, it has been hypothesized that chronic alcohol consumption negatively impacts COVID-19 outcomes; the interplay between chronic alcohol use and SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes has yet to be elucidated. METHODS In this study we employed luminex, scRNA sequencing, and flow cytometry to investigate the impact of chronic alcohol consumption on SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral responses in bronchoalveolar lavage cell samples from humans with alcohol use disorder and rhesus macaques that engaged in chronic drinking. FINDINGS Our data show that in both humans (n = 6) and macaques (n = 11), the induction of key antiviral cytokines and growth factors was decreased with chronic ethanol consumption. Moreover, in macaques fewer differentially expressed genes mapped to Gene Ontology terms associated with antiviral immunity following 6 month of ethanol consumption while TLR signaling pathways were upregulated. INTERPRETATION These data are indicative of aberrant inflammation and reduced antiviral responses in the lung with chronic alcohol drinking. FUNDING This study was supported by NIH 1R01AA028735-04 (Messaoudi), U01AA013510-20 (Grant), R24AA019431-14 (Grant), R24AA019661 (Burnham), P-51OD011092 (ONPRC core grant support). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sloan A Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Isaac R Cinco
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Brianna M Doratt
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Madison B Blanton
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Cherise Hoagland
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Natali Newman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Michael Davies
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, USA.
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Chen M, Zhong W, Xu W. Alcohol and the mechanisms of liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:1233-1240. [PMID: 37423758 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, covers a large spectrum of liver injuries ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of ALD includes genetic and epigenetic alterations, oxidative stress, acetaldehyde-mediated toxicity and cytokine and chemokine-induced inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, immune damage, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. This review discusses the progress in the pathogenesis and molecular mechanism of ALD, which could provide evidence for further research on the potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanglei Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
The medical disorders of alcoholism rank among the leading public health problems worldwide and the need for predictive and prognostic risk markers for assessing alcohol use disorders (AUD) has been widely acknowledged. Early-phase detection of problem drinking and associated tissue toxicity are important prerequisites for timely initiations of appropriate treatments and improving patient's committing to the objective of reducing drinking. Recent advances in clinical chemistry have provided novel approaches for a specific detection of heavy drinking through assays of unique ethanol metabolites, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) or ethyl glucuronide (EtG). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements can be used to indicate severe alcohol problems. Hazardous drinking frequently manifests as heavy episodic drinking or in combinations with other unfavorable lifestyle factors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet or adiposity, which aggravate the metabolic consequences of alcohol intake in a supra-additive manner. Such interactions are also reflected in multiple disease outcomes and distinct abnormalities in biomarkers of liver function, inflammation and oxidative stress. Use of predictive biomarkers either alone or as part of specifically designed biological algorithms helps to predict both hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity in individuals with such risk factors. Novel approaches for assessing progression of fibrosis, a major determinant of prognosis in AUD, have also been made available. Predictive algorithms based on the combined use of biomarkers and clinical observations may prove to have a major impact on clinical decisions to detect AUD in early pre-symptomatic stages, stratify patients according to their substantially different disease risks and predict individual responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki, Finland.
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Wang Z, Huang S, Li L, Wen Y, Shang D. Kynurenine metabolite changes in individuals with alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 249:110821. [PMID: 37327508 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence suggests an abnormal metabolism of kynurenine in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at assessing the possible differences in kynurenine metabolites between individuals with AUD and controls. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases and included any clinical studies comparing the peripheral blood levels of at least one metabolite, between individuals with AUD and controls without AUD. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to generate pooled standardized mean differences (SMD). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS A total of seven eligible studies with 572 participants were included. The peripheral blood levels of kynurenine (SMD = 0.58; p = 0.004) along with the ratio of kynurenine and tryptophan (SMD = 0.73; p = 0.002) were higher in individuals with AUD, while kynurenic acid levels (SMD = -0.81; p = 0.003) were reduced in individuals with AUD compared to controls. The peripheral blood levels of tryptophan along with the ratio of kynurenic acid and kynurenine were unaltered. Subgroup analyses confirmed these results. CONCLUSION Our results suggested a shift in the tryptophan metabolism to the kynurenine pathway and a down-regulation of the potentially neuroprotective kynurenic acid in individuals with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou510370, China
| | - Shanqing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou510370, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou510370, China
| | - Yuguan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou510370, China.
| | - Dewei Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou510370, China.
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Martins FRB, de Oliveira MD, Souza JAM, Queiroz-Junior CM, Lobo FP, Teixeira MM, Malacco NL, Soriani FM. Chronic ethanol exposure impairs alveolar leukocyte infiltration during pneumococcal pneumonia, leading to an increased bacterial burden despite increased CXCL1 and nitric oxide levels. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175275. [PMID: 37275853 PMCID: PMC10235596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol abuse is a risk factor for the development of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a critical pathogen for public health. The aim of this article was to investigate the inflammatory mechanisms involved in pneumococcal pneumonia that may be associated with chronic ethanol exposure. Male C57BL6/J-Unib mice were exposed to 20% (v/v) ethanol for twelve weeks and intranasally infected with 5x104 CFU of S. pneumoniae. Twenty-four hours after infection, lungs, bronchoalveolar lavage and blood samples were obtained to assess the consequences of chronic ethanol exposure during infection. Alcohol-fed mice showed increased production of nitric oxide and CXCL1 in alveoli and plasma during pneumococcal pneumonia. Beside this, ethanol-treated mice exhibited a decrease in leukocyte infiltration into the alveoli and reduced frequency of severe lung inflammation, which was associated with an increase in bacterial load. Curiously, no changes were observed in survival after infection. Taken together, these results demonstrate that chronic ethanol exposure alters the inflammatory response during S. pneumoniae lung infection in mice with a reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate even in the presence of higher levels of the chemoattractant CXCL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Rayssa Braga Martins
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maycon Douglas de Oliveira
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Amanda Marques Souza
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francisco Pereira Lobo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Frederico Marianetti Soriani
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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14
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Lewis SA, Cinco IR, Doratt BM, Blanton MB, Hoagland C, Davies M, Grant KA, Messaoudi I. Chronic alcohol consumption dysregulates innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the lung. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539139. [PMID: 37205543 PMCID: PMC10187161 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is widespread with over half of the individuals over 18 years of age in the U.S. reporting alcohol use in the last 30 days. Moreover, 9 million Americans engaged in binge or chronic heavy drinking (CHD) in 2019. CHD negatively impacts pathogen clearance and tissue repair, including in the respiratory tract, thereby increasing susceptibility to infection. Although, it has been hypothesized that chronic alcohol consumption negatively impacts COVID-19 outcomes; the interplay between chronic alcohol use and SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study we investigated the impact of chronic alcohol consumption on SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral responses in bronchoalveolar lavage cell samples from humans with alcohol use disorder and rhesus macaques that engaged in chronic drinking. Our data show that in both humans and macaques, the induction of key antiviral cytokines and growth factors was decreased with chronic ethanol consumption. Moreover, in macaques fewer differentially expressed genes mapped to Gene Ontology terms associated with antiviral immunity following 6 month of ethanol consumption while TLR signaling pathways were upregulated. These data are indicative of aberrant inflammation and reduced antiviral responses in the lung with chronic alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sloan A. Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine
| | - Isaac R. Cinco
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Brianna M. Doratt
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Madison B. Blanton
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky
| | - Cherise Hoagland
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Michael Davies
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Kathleen A. Grant
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
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Ju LS, Morey TE, Seubert CN, Martynyuk AE. Intergenerational Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040567. [PMID: 37106766 PMCID: PMC10135810 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated neurocognitive decline after general anesthesia/surgery, also known as perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND), is a widely recognized public health problem that may affect millions of patients each year. Advanced age, with its increasing prevalence of heightened stress, inflammation, and neurodegenerative alterations, is a consistent contributing factor to the development of PND. Although a strong homeostatic reserve in young adults makes them more resilient to PND, animal data suggest that young adults with pathophysiological conditions characterized by excessive stress and inflammation may be vulnerable to PND, and this altered phenotype may be passed to future offspring (intergenerational PND). The purpose of this narrative review of data in the literature and the authors' own experimental findings in rodents is to draw attention to the possibility of intergenerational PND, a new phenomenon which, if confirmed in humans, may unravel a big new population that may be affected by parental PND. In particular, we discuss the roles of stress, inflammation, and epigenetic alterations in the development of PND. We also discuss experimental findings that demonstrate the effects of surgery, traumatic brain injury, and the general anesthetic sevoflurane that interact to induce persistent dysregulation of the stress response system, inflammation markers, and behavior in young adult male rats and in their future offspring who have neither trauma nor anesthetic exposure (i.e., an animal model of intergenerational PND).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Sha Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Timothy E Morey
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christoph N Seubert
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anatoly E Martynyuk
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Wei B, Liu Y, Li H, Peng Y, Luo Z. Impact of alcohol consumption on coronavirus disease 2019 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28547. [PMID: 36734064 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fear and misinformation lead to widespread myths in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, such as "consuming high-strength alcohol kills the virus in the inhaled air." However, whether alcohol consumption can affect COVID-19 has not been clarified yet. This study aims to investigate the impact of alcohol consumption on COVID-19 severity. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Central, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO-International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched until November 25, 2022. Forty studies (1,697,683 COVID-19 individuals) were analyzed. Brown (patients numbers: 1317, risk ratios [RR] = 1.58, 95% [confidence interval] CI = 1.31 to 1.90, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.001), American (patients numbers: 3721, RR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.30 to 1.75, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.001), and European (patients numbers: 261,437, RR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.96 to 2.13, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.001) drinkers were at high risk of severe COVID-19, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), respectively. Consistently, individuals with a drinking history were at high risk of severe COVID-19 (patients numbers: 5399, RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.48, I2 = 38.4%, p = 0.03) and ICU admission (patients numbers: 6995, RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.60, I2 = 46.6%, p = 0.01). In addition, current drinkers had an increased risk of symptomatic COVID-19. However, excessive drinkers were at high risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Alcohol consumption intensifies COVID-19 severity and deteriorates its clinical outcomes. Here, we strongly propose that people do not drink alcohol during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhu Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, China Resources and WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Geratology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Francque SMA. Editorial: differences in altered duodenal T-cell immunology in alcoholic liver damage versus NAFLD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1501-1502. [PMID: 36271476 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven M A Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,InflaMed Centre of Excellence, Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Translational Sciences in Inflammation and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
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