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Cassalia F, Cazzaniga S, Ofenloch R, Elsner P, Gonçalo M, Schuttelaar ML, Svensson Å, Pezzolo E, Bruze M, Naldi L. Comparison of Perceptions of Skin Condition, Product Use and Allergen Reactivity Between People with Psoriasis and Controls in the European Dermato-Epidemiology Network (EDEN) Fragrance Study. Acta Derm Venereol 2024; 104:adv23513. [PMID: 38436432 PMCID: PMC10924268 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.23513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, goes beyond visible symptoms and affects the general well-being of patients. The aim of this study is to understand how patients with psoriasis perceive their skin characteristics and reactivity to allergens. The study population includes 11,283 participants within the European Dermato-Epidemiology Network (EDEN) Fragrance study, covering several European regions. The study compared perceptions of skin dryness, sensitivity, product avoidance and reactivity to allergens between patients with psoriasis and controls, evaluating the potential influence of psoriasis severity. The results showed that subjects with psoriasis reported dry skin (71.1%) and sensitive skin (49.4%) more often than did controls (51.6% and 38.5%, respectively). Psoriasis patients were more likely to avoid specific products. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in patch-test results between the 2 groups and the severity of psoriasis did not have a consistent impact on these perceptions. In conclusion, people with psoriasis tend to perceive their skin as drier and more sensitive. Notably, the severity of psoriasis did not consistently influence these perceptions and objective reactivity to allergens did not align with subjective perception. Understanding these aspects is crucial for tailoring treatments to improve the well-being of patients with psoriasis, which warrants further research to explore subjective perceptions of skin well-being in patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortunato Cassalia
- Centro Studi GISED, Bergamo, Italy; Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Cazzaniga
- Centro Studi GISED, Bergamo, Italy; Inselspital University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ofenloch
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Section of Occupational Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Germany
| | - Peter Elsner
- Dermatology, Allergology, Dermatopathology, SRH- Klinikum Gera, Germany
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- University Hospital, Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Dermatology, Portugal
| | | | - Åke Svensson
- University Hospital, Lund University, Department of Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elena Pezzolo
- 1. Centro Studi GISED, Bergamo, Italy; 2. Department of Dermatology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Skåne University Hospital, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Luigi Naldi
- 1.Centro Studi GISED, Bergamo, Italy; 2. Department of Dermatology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy.
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2
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Cameron S, Donnelly A, Broderick C, Arichi T, Bartsch U, Dazzan P, Elberling J, Godfrey E, Gringras P, Heathcote LC, Joseph D, Wood TC, Pariante C, Rubia K, Flohr C. Mind and skin: Exploring the links between inflammation, sleep disturbance and neurocognitive function in patients with atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2024; 79:26-36. [PMID: 37469218 DOI: 10.1111/all.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic and inflammatory, dry skin condition with many known comorbidities. These include airway disease, food allergies, atopic eye disease and autoimmune conditions. Furthermore, there is often significant sleep disturbance as well as increased psychological distress and mental health problems. Severe AD therefore often has a significant impact on the quality of life of both patients and their families. In this review we discuss recent findings on the putative links between AD, its association with itch, sleep disturbance and neuropsychiatric morbidity, including the role of inflammation in these conditions. Itch was thought to predominantly drive sleep disruption in AD. We now understand changes in sleep influence immune cell distribution and the associated inflammatory cytokines, which suggests a bidirectional relationship between AD and sleep. We also increasingly recognize inflammation as a key driver in psychological symptoms and disorders. The link between cutaneous, systemic and possible brain inflammation could at least in part be driven by the sleep deprivation and itch-driven neuronal proliferation seen in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Cameron
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ali Donnelly
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Conor Broderick
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ullrich Bartsch
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research & Technology Centre, Imperial College London and University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jesper Elberling
- Depart of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Godfrey
- Health Psychology Section, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Gringras
- Paediatric Sleep Department, Evelina Children's Hospital, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lauren C Heathcote
- Health Psychology Section, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Desaline Joseph
- Paediatric Sleep Department, Evelina Children's Hospital, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tobias C Wood
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine Pariante
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research & Technology Centre, Imperial College London and University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Katya Rubia
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research & Technology Centre, Imperial College London and University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Carsten Flohr
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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3
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Tsagareli MG, Follansbee T, Iodi Carstens M, Carstens E. Targeting Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels, Mas-Related G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (Mrgprs), and Protease-Activated Receptors (PARs) to Relieve Itch. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1707. [PMID: 38139833 PMCID: PMC10748146 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch (pruritus) is a sensation in the skin that provokes the desire to scratch. The sensation of itch is mediated through a subclass of primary afferent sensory neurons, termed pruriceptors, which express molecular receptors that are activated by itch-evoking ligands. Also expressed in pruriceptors are several types of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are a diverse class of cation channels that are responsive to various somatosensory stimuli like touch, pain, itch, and temperature. In pruriceptors, TRP channels can be activated through intracellular signaling cascades initiated by pruritogen receptors and underly neuronal activation. In this review, we discuss the role of TRP channels TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM8, and TRPC3/4 in acute and chronic pruritus. Since these channels often mediate itch in association with pruritogen receptors, we also discuss Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) and protease-activated receptors (PARs). Additionally, we cover the exciting therapeutic targets amongst the TRP family, as well as Mrgprs and PARs for the treatment of pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merab G. Tsagareli
- Laboratory of Pain and Analgesia, Ivane Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Taylor Follansbee
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Mirela Iodi Carstens
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Earl Carstens
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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Hu M, Scheffel J, Elieh-Ali-Komi D, Maurer M, Hawro T, Metz M. An update on mechanisms of pruritus and their potential treatment in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4177-4197. [PMID: 37555911 PMCID: PMC10725374 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), which include mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), are a group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by clonal accumulation of neoplastic T-lymphocytes in the skin. Severe pruritus, one of the most common and distressing symptoms in primary CTCL, can significantly impair emotional well-being, physical functioning, and interpersonal relationships, thus greatly reducing quality of life. Unfortunately, effectively managing pruritus remains challenging in CTCL patients as the underlying mechanisms are, as of yet, not fully understood. Previous studies investigating the mechanisms of itch in CTCL have identified several mediators and their corresponding antagonists used for treatment. However, a comprehensive overview of the mediators and receptors contributing to pruritus in primary CTCL is lacking in the current literature. Here, we summarize and review the mediators and receptors that may contribute to pruritus in primary CTCL to explore the mechanisms of CTCL pruritus and identify effective therapeutic targets using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Studies were included if they described itch mediators and receptors in MF and SS. Overall, the available data suggest that proteases (mainly tryptase), and neuropeptides (particularly Substance P) may be of greatest interest. At the receptor level, cytokine receptors, MRGPRs, and TRP channels are most likely important. Future drug development efforts should concentrate on targeting these mediators and receptors for the treatment of CTCL pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hu
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Hawro
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Institute and Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Martin Metz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
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Wang J, Li J. Research progress in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:1602-1610. [PMID: 38432889 PMCID: PMC10929888 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic urticaria is very common in clinic, but its pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. Most patients can't find the exact cause, resulting in misdiagnosis or delayed treatment. Previous studies have found that mast cell activation is the central link in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria. Genetics, autoimmune, coagulation disorders, and infection may also be involved in the pathophysiological process of chronic urticaria. With the deepening of research, more immune and non-immune mechanisms have been gradually revealed in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria, such as the interaction of immune cells in the microenvironment of urticaria, intestinal flora and metabolism, neuroimmunity, environmental factors and hormones. Clarifying the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria will help to find more treatment targets and provide more diversified ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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6
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Peters E, Del Rey A, Krüger K, Rummel C. 2nd European Psychoneuroimmunology Network Autumn School: The Skin-Brain Axis and the Breaking of Barriers. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30 Suppl 1:3-7. [PMID: 37604137 PMCID: PMC10627488 DOI: 10.1159/000533611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Peters
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, And Universitätsmedizin-Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Adriana Del Rey
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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7
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Wiebe D, Limberg MM, Gray N, Raap U. Basophils in pruritic skin diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213138. [PMID: 37465674 PMCID: PMC10350488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils are rare cells in the peripheral blood which have the capability to infiltrate into the skin. Invasion of basophils has been detected in pruritic skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, chronic spontaneous urticaria and contact dermatitis. In the skin, basophils are important players of the inflammatory immune response, as they release Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, subsequently inducing the early activation of T-cells. Further, basophils release a multitude of mediators, such as histamine and IL-31, which both play an important role in the initiation of the pruritic response via activation of sensory nerves. Chronic pruritus significantly affects the quality of life and the working capability of patients, though its mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet. Since basophils and neurons share many receptors and channels, bidirectional interaction mechanisms, which drive the sensation of itch, are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wiebe
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maren M. Limberg
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Gray
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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8
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Martins MS, Almeida IF, Cruz MT, Sousa E. Chronic pruritus: from pathophysiology to drug design. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115568. [PMID: 37116666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Pruritus, the most common symptom in dermatology, is an innate response capable of protecting skin against irritants. Nonetheless, when it lasts more than six weeks it is assumed to be a chronic pathology having a negative impact on people's lives. Chronic pruritus (CP) can occur in common and rare skin diseases, having a high prevalence in global population. The existing therapies are unable to counteract CP or are associated with adverse effects, so the development of effective treatments is a pressing issue. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CP are not yet completely dissected but, based on current knowledge, involve a wide range of receptors, namely neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), Janus kinase (JAK), and transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels, especially transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). This review will address the relevance of these molecular targets for the treatment of CP and molecules capable of modulating these receptors that have already been studied clinically or have the potential to possibly alleviate this pathology. According to scientific and clinical literature, there is an increase in the expression of these molecular targets in the lesioned skin of patients experiencing CP when compared with non-lesioned skin, highlighting their importance for the development of potential efficacious drugs through the design of antagonists/inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia S Martins
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaobel F Almeida
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria T Cruz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Raap U, Limberg MM, Kridin K, Ludwig RJ. Pruritus Is Associated with an Increased Risk for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Skin Blistering Diseases: A Propensity-Matched Global Study. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030485. [PMID: 36979421 PMCID: PMC10046528 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune bullous skin diseases (AIBDs), such as bullous pemphigoid (BP) and pemphigus, are characterized and caused by autoantibodies targeting structural proteins. In BP, clinical experience and recent systematic evaluation identified pruritus to be common and an important cause of impaired quality of life. Furthermore, chronic pruritus may be the sole clinical symptom of BP. In pemphigus, a retrospective study recently documented a high prevalence of pruritus. The temporal relation between pruritus and BP/pemphigus are, however, unknown. Likewise, the presence of pruritus in AIBDs other than BP and pemphigus is unknown. To address this, we performed propensity-matched retrospective cohort studies using TriNetX, providing real-world patient data to (i) assess the risk to develop AIBDs following the diagnosis of pruritus and (ii) vice versa. We assessed this in eight AIBDs: BP, mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP), pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceous, and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). For all AIBDs, pruritus was associated with an increased risk for the subsequent diagnosis of each of the eight investigated AIBDs in 1,717,744 cases (pruritus) compared with 1,717,744 controls. The observed hazard ratios ranged from 4.2 (CI 3.2–5.5; p < 0.0001) in MMP to 28.7 (CI 3.9–211.3; p < 0.0001) in LPP. Results were confirmed in two subgroup analyses. When restricting the observation time to 6 months after pruritus onset, most HRs noticeably increased, e.g., from 6.9 (CI 6.2–7.9; p < 0.0001) to 23.3 (CI 17.0–31.8; p < 0.0001) in BP. Moreover, pruritus frequently developed following the diagnosis of any of the eight AIBDs, except for PNP. Thus, all AIBDs should be considered as differential diagnosis in patients with chronic pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Raap
- Clinics of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maren M. Limberg
- Clinics of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Khalaf Kridin
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 5290002, Israel
- Unit of Dermatology and Skin Research Laboratory, Barch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya 15208, Israel
| | - Ralf J. Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-500-41686
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10
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055001. [PMID: 36902434 PMCID: PMC10003326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. The activation of TRPV-ion channels results in an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, induces the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators and contributes to the maintenance of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) in diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo and rosacea. Immune cells present in the skin (mononuclear cells, dendritic cells and mast cells) also express TRPV1, and their activation directly affects their function. The activation of TRPV1 channels mediates communication between sensory nerve endings and skin immune cells, increasing the release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and neuropeptides). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation, activation and modulation of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter receptors in cutaneous cells can aid in the development of effective treatments for inflammatory skin disorders.
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11
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Zhou G, Ren X, Tang Z, Li W, Chen W, He Y, Wei B, Zhang H, Ma F, Chen X, Zhang G, Shen M, Liu H. Exploring the association and causal effect between white blood cells and psoriasis using large-scale population data. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1043380. [PMID: 36865550 PMCID: PMC9971993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1043380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. A few studies have shown that psoriasis is an immune-mediated disease in which multiple immune cells play crucial roles. However, the association between circulating immune cells and psoriasis remains elusive. Methods To explore the role of circulating immune cells in psoriasis, 361,322 individuals from the UK Biobank (UKB) and 3,971 patients with psoriasis from China were included to investigate the association between white blood cells and psoriasis via an observational study. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and Mendelian randomization (MR) were used to evaluate the causal relationship between circulating leukocytes and psoriasis. Results The risk of psoriasis increased with high levels of monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils (relative risks and 95% confidence intervals, respectively: 1.430 (1.291-1.584) for monocytes, 1.527 (1.379-1.692) for neutrophils, and 1.417 (1.294-1.551) for eosinophils). Upon further MR analysis, eosinophils showed a definite causal relationship with psoriasis (odds ratio of inverse-variance weighted: 1.386, 95% confidence intervals: 1.092-1.759) and a positive correlation with the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score (P = 6.6 × 10-5). The roles of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) in psoriasis were also assessed. More than 20,000 genetic variations associated with NLR, PLR, and LMR were discovered in a GWAS analysis using the UKB data. Following adjustment for covariates in the observational study, NLR and PLR were shown to be risk factors for psoriasis, whereas LMR was a protective factor. MR results indicated that there was no causal relationship between these three indicators and psoriasis; however, NLR, PLR, and LMR correlated with the PASI score (NLR: rho = 0.244, P = 2.1 × 10-21; PLR: rho = 0.113, P = 1.4 × 10-5; LMR: rho = -0.242, P = 3.5×10-21). Discussion Our findings revealed an important association between circulating leukocytes and psoriasis, which is instructive for the clinical practice of psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangmei Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenwei Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqiong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Benliang Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hailun Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Beijing GAP Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Ma
- Department of Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guanxiong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Papakonstantinou E, Fischer J, Limberg MM, Diercks GFH, Horvath B, Raap U. [Eosinophilic dermatoses]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 73:965-972. [PMID: 36380139 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-05071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic dermatoses are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases that histopathologically display the defining pattern of an eosinophil-rich dermal infiltrate. In these eosinophilic dermatoses, a histopathologic pattern called flame figures, which result from degranulation of eosinophils in the tissue, can be observed. Although eosinophil granulocytes can also be detected in other dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, urticaria, prurigo and bullous pemphigoid, the eosinophil-rich infiltrate is decisive for classic eosinophilic dermatoses. Accordingly, eosinophilic dermatoses include hypereosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic fasciitis, granuloma faciale, pustular sterile eosinophilia, and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. These eosinophilic dermatoses display clinical different patterns and are discussed in this article, as well as the interesting eosinophils and novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Papakonstantinou
- Privatpraxis für Dermatologie Athen, Dermoiatriki Athinon, Athen, Griechenland
| | - J Fischer
- Abteilung für Experimentelle Allergologie und Immunodermatologie, Fakultät für Medizin und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Oldenburg, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Rahel Straus Str 10, 26133, Oldenburg, Deutschland
| | - M M Limberg
- Abteilung für Experimentelle Allergologie und Immunodermatologie, Fakultät für Medizin und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland
| | - G F H Diercks
- Universitäts-medizinisches Zentrum Groningen, Abteilung für Dermatologie, Universität Groningen, Groningen, Niederlande
| | - B Horvath
- Universitäts-medizinisches Zentrum Groningen, Abteilung für Dermatologie, Universität Groningen, Groningen, Niederlande
| | - U Raap
- Abteilung für Experimentelle Allergologie und Immunodermatologie, Fakultät für Medizin und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland.
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Oldenburg, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Rahel Straus Str 10, 26133, Oldenburg, Deutschland.
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13
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Swindell WR, Bojanowski K, Chaudhuri RK. Isosorbide Fatty Acid Diesters Have Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Cytokine-Induced Tissue Culture Models of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214307. [PMID: 36430783 PMCID: PMC9696169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease in which epidermal barrier disruption triggers Th2-mediated eruption of eczematous lesions. Topical emollients are a cornerstone of chronic management. This study evaluated efficacy of two plant-derived oil derivatives, isosorbide di-(linoleate/oleate) (IDL) and isosorbide dicaprylate (IDC), using AD-like tissue culture models. Treatment of reconstituted human epidermis with cytokine cocktail (IL-4 + IL-13 + TNF-α + IL-31) compromised the epidermal barrier, but this was prevented by co-treatment with IDL and IDC. Cytokine stimulation also dysregulated expression of keratinocyte (KC) differentiation genes whereas treatment with IDC or IDL + IDC up-regulated genes associated with early (but not late) KC differentiation. Although neither IDL nor IDC inhibited Th2 cytokine responses, both compounds repressed TNF-α-induced genes and IDL + IDC led to synergistic down-regulation of inflammatory (IL1B, ITGA5) and neurogenic pruritus (TRPA1) mediators. Treatment of cytokine-stimulated skin explants with IDC decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) secretion by more than 50% (more than observed with cyclosporine) and in vitro LDH activity was inhibited by IDL and IDC. These results demonstrate anti-inflammatory mechanisms of isosorbide fatty acid diesters in AD-like skin models. Our findings highlight the multifunctional potential of plant oil derivatives as topical ingredients and support studies of IDL and IDC as therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Konstantinou GN, Konstantinou GN, Koulias C, Petalas K, Makris M. Further Understanding of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Allergy: Implications in Pathophysiology and Role in Disease Progression. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1273-1291. [PMID: 36117919 PMCID: PMC9473548 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s282039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complicated interaction between the central and the autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric) nervous systems on the one hand and the immune system and its components, on the other hand, seems to substantially contribute to allergy pathophysiology, uncovering an under-recognized association that could have diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Neurons connect directly with and regulate the function of many immune cells, including mast cells, the cells that have a leading role in allergic disorders. Proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, neurotrophins, chemokines, and neuropeptides are released by immune cells, which stimulate sensory neurons. The release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides caused by the activation of these neurons directly impacts the functional activity of immune cells and vice versa, playing a decisive role in this communication. Successful application of Pavlovian conditioning in allergic disorders supports the existence of a psychoneuroimmunological interplay in classical allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Activation of neuronal homeostatic reflexes, like sneezing in allergic rhinitis, coughing in allergic asthma, and vomiting in food allergy, offers additional evidence of a neuroimmunological interaction that aims to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulation of this interaction may cause overstimulation of the immune system that will produce profound symptoms and exaggerated hemodynamic responses that will lead to severe allergic pathophysiological events, including anaphylaxis. In this article, we have systematically reviewed and discussed the evidence regarding the role of the neuro-immune interactions in common allergic clinical modalities like allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. It is essential to understand unknown – to most of the immunology and allergy experts – neurological networks that not only physiologically cooperate with the immune system to regulate homeostasis but also pathogenetically interact with more or less known immunological pathways, contribute to what is known as neuroimmunological inflammation, and shift homeostasis to instability and disease clinical expression. This understanding will provide recognition of new allergic phenotypes/endotypes and directions to focus on specialized treatments, as the era of personalized patient-centered medicine, is hastening apace.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos N Konstantinou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre of Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Koulias
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Makris
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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15
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Babina M, Franke K, Bal G. How "Neuronal" Are Human Skin Mast Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810871. [PMID: 36142795 PMCID: PMC9505265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are evolutionarily old cells and the principal effectors in allergic responses and inflammation. They are seeded from the yolk sac during embryogenesis or are derived from hematopoietic progenitors and are therefore related to other leukocyte subsets, even though they form a separate clade in the hematopoietic system. Herein, we systematically bundle information from several recent high-throughput endeavors, especially those comparing MCs with other cell types, and combine such information with knowledge on the genes’ functions to reveal groups of neuronal markers specifically expressed by MCs. We focus on recent advances made regarding human tissue MCs, but also refer to studies in mice. In broad terms, genes hyper-expressed in MCs, but largely inactive in other myelocytes, can be classified into subcategories such as traffic/lysosomes (MLPH and RAB27B), the dopamine system (MAOB, DRD2, SLC6A3, and SLC18A2), Ca2+-related entities (CALB2), adhesion molecules (L1CAM and NTM) and, as an overall principle, the transcription factors and modulators of transcriptional activity (LMO4, PBX1, MEIS2, and EHMT2). Their function in MCs is generally unknown but may tentatively be deduced by comparison with other systems. MCs share functions with the nervous system, as they express typical neurotransmitters (histamine and serotonin) and a degranulation machinery that shares features with the neuronal apparatus at the synapse. Therefore, selective overlaps are plausible, and they further highlight the uniqueness of MCs within the myeloid system, as well as when compared with basophils. Apart from investigating their functional implications in MCs, a key question is whether their expression in the lineage is due to the specific reactivation of genes normally silenced in leukocytes or whether the genes are not switched off during mastocytic development from early progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Babina
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Kristin Franke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gürkan Bal
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Asano K, Tamari M, Zuberbier T, Yasudo H, Morita H, Fujieda S, Nakamura Y, Traidl S, Hamelmann E, Raap U, Babina M, Nagase H, Okano M, Katoh N, Ebisawa M, Renz H, Izuhara K, Worm M. Diversities of allergic pathologies and their modifiers: Report from the second DGAKI-JSA meeting. Allergol Int 2022; 71:310-317. [PMID: 35662539 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In October 2021, researchers from the German Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) and from the Japanese Society of Allergology (JSA) focused their attention on the pathological conditions and modifiers of various allergic diseases. Topics included 1) the pathophysiology of IgE/mast cell-mediated allergic diseases; 2) the diagnosis and prevention of IgE/mast cell-mediated diseases; 3) the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of eosinophilic airway diseases; and 4) host-pathogen interaction and allergic diseases. This report summarizes the panel discussions, which highlighted the importance of recognizing the diversity of genetics, immunological mechanisms, and modifying factors underlying allergic diseases.
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17
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Agelopoulos K, Pereira MP, Wiegmann H, Ständer S. Cutaneous neuroimmune crosstalk in pruritus. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:452-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Naik S. One Size Does Not Fit All: Diversifying Immune Function in the Skin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:227-234. [PMID: 35017212 PMCID: PMC8820520 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Our body's most outward facing epithelial barrier, the skin, serves as the frontline defense against myriad environmental assailants. To combat these motley threats, the skin has evolved a sophisticated immunological arsenal. In this article, I provide an overview of the skin's complex architecture and the distinct microniches in which immune cells reside and function. I review burgeoning literature on the synchronized immune, stromal, epithelial, and neuronal cell responses in healthy and inflamed skin. Next, I delve into the distinct requirement and mechanisms of long-term immune surveillance and tissue adaptation at the cutaneous frontier. Finally, by discussing the contributions of immune cells in maintaining and restoring tissue integrity, I underscore the constellation of noncanonical functions undertaken by the skin immune system. Just as our skin's immune system benefits from embracing diverse defense strategies, so, too, must we in the immunology research community support disparate perspectives and people from all walks of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Naik
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York. 10016 USA,Correspondence to:
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19
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Toyama S, Tominaga M, Takamori K. Connections between Immune-Derived Mediators and Sensory Nerves for Itch Sensation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12365. [PMID: 34830245 PMCID: PMC8624544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although histamine is a well-known itch mediator, histamine H1-receptor blockers often lack efficacy in chronic itch. Recent molecular and cellular based studies have shown that non-histaminergic mediators, such as proteases, neuropeptides and cytokines, along with their cognate receptors, are involved in evocation and modulation of itch sensation. Many of these molecules are produced and secreted by immune cells, which act on sensory nerve fibers distributed in the skin to cause itching and sensitization. This understanding of the connections between immune cell-derived mediators and sensory nerve fibers has led to the development of new treatments for itch. This review summarizes current knowledge of immune cell-derived itch mediators and neuronal response mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic agents that target these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumika Toyama
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Mitsutoshi Tominaga
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.)
- Anti-Aging Skin Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.)
- Anti-Aging Skin Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
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