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Freitas ADAR, Faria AR, Mendes LT, Merquior VLC, Neves DM, Pires JR, Teixeira LM. The gut microbiota of wild birds undergoing rehabilitation as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant enterococci in a metropolitan area in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01527-3. [PMID: 39356407 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are ubiquitous usually commensal bacteria that can act as opportunistic pathogens frequently associated with resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes. A variety of animals may carry potentially harmful enterococci. In the present work, the occurrence and characteristics of enterococci recovered from the fecal microbiota of wild birds belonging to four families (Accipitridae, Cathartidae, Falconidae and Strigidae) were investigated. Enterococci were recovered from 104 (92.0%) fecal samples obtained from 113 birds, and 260 strains were selected for additional characterization. Enterococcus faecalis was the predominant species (63.8%), followed by Enterococcus hirae (16.2%), Enterococcus faecium (11.5%), Enterococcus gallinarum (5.4%), Enterococcus avium (1.5%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (0.8%), and Enterococcus raffinosus and Enterococcus cecorum (0.4% each). Major percentages (11.9% 75.0%) of nonsusceptibility were observed to quinolones (particularly to enrofloxacin), erythromycin, rifampin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline and streptomycin. Gentamicin and ampicillin resistances (13.3% each) were only detected among E. faecium. A total of 133 (51.2%) strains were MDR, showing a large variety of MDR profiles, composed by simultaneous resistance encompassing 3 to 12 antimicrobials. MDR strains were found in 68.2% of the birds. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with the presence of the aac(6')-aph(2″)-Ia, aph(2″)-Id, ant(6)-Ia, ant(9)-Ia, ant(9)-Ib, tet(M), tet(L), tet(S), erm(B), mef(A/E), msrC, and vat(D) genes. The most common virulence genes were efaA, gelE, ace, eeP, and asa1. PFGE analysis revealed a large genetic diversity among most of the strains. MLST performed for 35 E. faecalis strains revealed 23 different STs, whereas 14 STs were found among 18 E. faecium strains. Hospital-associated lineages ST22, ST25, ST56, ST1274 were identified. The results show that the wild birds investigated can carry a diversity of potentially hazardous enterococcal strains displaying multiple antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, reinforcing the assumption that these animals provide an important target to monitor the circulation of microorganisms that deserve consideration under the One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Rocha Faria
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia E Parasitologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiza Tomé Mendes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vânia Lúcia Carreira Merquior
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia E Parasitologia, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Marchesi Neves
- Centro de Triagem de Animais, Silvestres Do Rio de Janeiro (CETAS-RJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Rocha Pires
- Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Selvagens da Universidade Estácio de Sá (CRAS-UNESA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Martins Teixeira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Erika E, Scarpellini R, Celli G, Marliani G, Zaghini A, Mondo E, Rossi G, Piva S. Wild birds as potential bioindicators of environmental antimicrobial resistance: A preliminary investigation. Res Vet Sci 2024; 180:105424. [PMID: 39357073 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an issue of global concern that includes human, animal, and environmental health. To tackle this phenomenon, a One Health approach is required through the involvement of all these interconnected elements. The environment poses challenges for investigation, but wildlife animals, not directly exposed to antibiotic treatments and interacting with their habitats, can serve as indicators of AMR contamination. Specifically, wild birds could play a significant role in dissemination of AMR, as they can acquire AMR bacteria from wildlife reservoirs and disperse them through environments. This study aims to assess the prevalence of AMR in commensal bacteria isolated from wild birds and their role as bioindicators of environmental AMR. A total of 73 birds belonging to various species were sampled in the Emilia-Romagna region with buccal, cloacal and feather samplings. The samples were cultured on selective media, colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF technology and antimicrobial susceptibility to different drugs was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer method. The birds' data were statistically evaluated in relation to AMR percentages. In total, 117 bacterial strains were isolated, belonging to 23 genera and 46 different bacterial species. The highest non-susceptibility percentages were observed for tetracycline (12.2 %) and enrofloxacin (8.6 %) considering all bacterial isolates, as well as for oxacillin (46.8 %), clindamycin (29.3 %) and rifampicin (20.8 %), among Gram-positive isolates. In the statistical analysis, a higher AMR percentage was correlated with Gram-positive isolates from birds belonging to rural/urban habitat (p = 0.01). Among Gram-positives, a higher oxacillin non-susceptibility percentage was found to be associated with isolates from birds sampled in province of Bologna (p = 0.007), a higher enrofloxacin non-susceptibility percentage revealed an association with rural/urban habitat (p = 0.02), while a higher non-susceptibility percentage towards rifampicin resulted associated with isolates from migratory birds (p = 0.031). In conclusion, this preliminary study suggests a potential role of wild birds as bioindicators for monitoring AMR contamination in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esposito Erika
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Scarpellini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ginevra Celli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marliani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Zaghini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mondo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Italian League for Bird Protection, Bologna, Modena Section, Via Canaletto 88, 41122 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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Li X, Mowlaboccus S, Jackson B, Cai C, Coombs GW. Antimicrobial resistance among clinically significant bacteria in wildlife: An overlooked one health concern. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107251. [PMID: 38906487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical global health challenge. However, the significance of AMR is not limited to humans and domestic animals but extends to wildlife and the environment. Based on the analysis of > 200 peer-reviewed papers, this review provides comprehensive and current insights into the detection of clinically significant antimicrobial resistant bacteria and resistance genes in wild mammals, birds and reptiles worldwide. The review also examines the overlooked roles of wildlife in AMR emergence and transmission. In wildlife, AMR is potentially driven by anthropogenic activity, agricultural and environmental factors, and natural evolution. This review highlights the significance of AMR surveillance in wildlife, identifies species and geographical foci and gaps, and demonstrates the value of multifaceted One Health strategies if further escalation of AMR globally is to be curtailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Shakeel Mowlaboccus
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Bethany Jackson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Chang Cai
- School of Information Technology, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Wallace Coombs
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia.
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Esposito E, Pace A, Affuso A, Oliviero M, Iaccarino D, Paduano G, Maffucci F, Fusco G, De Carlo E, Hochscheid S, Di Nocera F. Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Samples and Organs of Rescued Loggerhead Sea Turtles ( Caretta caretta) in Southern Italy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2103. [PMID: 39061565 PMCID: PMC11273476 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance affects all environments, endangering the health of numerous species, including wildlife. Increasing anthropic pressure promotes the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance by wild animals. Sea turtles, being particularly exposed, are considered sentinels and carriers of potential zoonotic pathogens and resistant strains. Therefore, this study examined the antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from loggerhead sea turtles hospitalised in a rescue centre of Southern Italy over a 9-year period. Resistance to ceftazidime, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, flumequine, gentamicin, oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was evaluated for 138 strains isolated from the clinical samples or organs of 60 animals. Gram-negative families were the most isolated: Vibrionaceae were predominant, followed by Shewanellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Morganellaceae. These last three families exhibited the highest proportion of resistance and multidrug-resistant strains. Among the three Gram-positive families isolated, Enterococcaceae were the most represented and resistant. The opportunistic behaviour of all the isolated species is particularly concerning for diseased sea turtles, especially considering their resistance to commonly utilised antibiotics. Actually, the multiple antibiotic resistance was higher when the sea turtles were previously treated. Taken together, these findings highlight the need to improve antimicrobial stewardship and monitor antibiotic resistance in wildlife, to preserve the health of endangered species, along with public and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (D.I.); (G.P.); (G.F.); (E.D.C.); (F.D.N.)
| | - Antonino Pace
- Department of Marine Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Nuova Macello 16, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.A.); (F.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Andrea Affuso
- Department of Marine Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Nuova Macello 16, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.A.); (F.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Maria Oliviero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (D.I.); (G.P.); (G.F.); (E.D.C.); (F.D.N.)
| | - Doriana Iaccarino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (D.I.); (G.P.); (G.F.); (E.D.C.); (F.D.N.)
| | - Gianluigi Paduano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (D.I.); (G.P.); (G.F.); (E.D.C.); (F.D.N.)
| | - Fulvio Maffucci
- Department of Marine Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Nuova Macello 16, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.A.); (F.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (D.I.); (G.P.); (G.F.); (E.D.C.); (F.D.N.)
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (D.I.); (G.P.); (G.F.); (E.D.C.); (F.D.N.)
| | - Sandra Hochscheid
- Department of Marine Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Nuova Macello 16, 80055 Portici, Italy; (A.A.); (F.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Fabio Di Nocera
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.O.); (D.I.); (G.P.); (G.F.); (E.D.C.); (F.D.N.)
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Rhim H, Gahng J, Baek G, Kim M, Han JI. Morbidity of Rescued Wild Birds by Admission Causes in the Republic of Korea. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2071. [PMID: 39061533 PMCID: PMC11273627 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Insufficient reports are available on what clinical and pathological conditions are observed in rescued free-living wild birds. This study investigated recent diagnoses of admitted wild birds based on admission causes in a southwestern area of South Korea over the past 2 years. A retrospective study was conducted on 1464 birds rescued from 2019 to February 2021. Overall, 12 admission subcategories were classified, and the diagnoses identified for each cause were analyzed. The three most frequently observed categories, general, integumentary, and musculoskeletal, each accounted for 20% of the total diagnoses. Trauma accounted for 71.4% of all diagnoses, and 81.5% featured inflammatory conditions, primarily due to trauma or infection. The proportion of birds that presented inflammatory conditions was much greater than the proportion of birds that were admitted due to trauma-related causes. This was because inflammatory diseases were identified at a high frequency, even from nontraumatic admission causes, and inflammatory conditions were not easily revealed. Suspecting an inflammatory condition in most rescued birds is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haerin Rhim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (H.R.); (J.G.); (G.B.)
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Gahng
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (H.R.); (J.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Geonwoo Baek
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (H.R.); (J.G.); (G.B.)
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongsu Kim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (H.R.); (J.G.); (G.B.)
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Han
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (H.R.); (J.G.); (G.B.)
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
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Di Francesco A, Salvatore D, Ranucci A, Gobbi M, Morandi B. Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife: detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in Apennine wolves (Canis lupus italicus Altobello, 1921) from Central Italy. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1941-1947. [PMID: 38499909 PMCID: PMC11147935 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to molecularly investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in organ samples from 11 Apennine wolves (Canis lupus italicus) collected in Central Italy. Samples from lung, liver, spleen, kidney, tongue and intestine were investigated by PCRs targeting the following genes: tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(G), tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tetA(P), tet(Q), tet(S), tet(X), sul1, sul2, sul3, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM and mcr-1. A PCR positivity was highlighted for 13 out of the 21 tested genes; no positive results were obtained for tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(G), sul3, blaCTX, blaSHV and mcr-1 genes. All 11 animals sampled showed positivity for one or more resistance genes. The results confirm the potential role of the wolf as an indicator and/or vector of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria or ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Francesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Bologna, Italy.
| | - D Salvatore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Bologna, Italy
| | - A Ranucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati' Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati' Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B Morandi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati' Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Wada Y, Ibrahim AB, Umar YA, Afolabi HA, Wada M, Alissa M, Al Amri KAS, Al Ibrahim AA, Al Fares MA, Albayat H, AlKhathlan MK, Al Kaabi NA, Al-Subaie MF, Alfaresi M, Alrasheed HA, Rabaan AA, Yean CY, Zaidah AR. Status of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in species of wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:1023-1036. [PMID: 38657438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Wild birds could be a reservoir of medically relevant microorganisms, particularly multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. Resistant bacteria's epidemiology and transmission between animals and humans has grown, and their zoonotic potential cannot be ignored. This is the first study to evaluate the status of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in various wild bird species using meta-analysis and a systematic review. In this study, the pooled prevalence was obtained by analyzing data from published articles on the occurrence of VRE in wild bird species. It's unclear how the antibiotic resistance gene transfer cycle affects wild birds. Google Scholar and PubMed were used to conduct the research. The data and study methodology was assessed and extracted by two reviewers independently, with a third reviewing the results. Heterogeneity between study and publication bias were analyzed using the random effect model. Thirty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. 382 out of the 4144 isolates tested, were VRE. The pooled prevalence of VRE among wild birds was estimated at 11.0% (95% CI; 6.9 -17.2%; I2 = 93.204%; P < 0.001). There was high variability between study (t2 = 2.156; heterogeneity I2 = 93.204% with chi-square (Q) = 544.413, degrees of freedom (df) = 37, and P < 0.001). Egger's test verified the funnel plot's bias, while result from the leave-one-out forest plot had no effect on the pooled prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Wada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810211, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Hafeez A Afolabi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha Wada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mona A Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawra Albayat
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nawal A Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi, 51900, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha F Al-Subaie
- Research Center, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Riyadh 13328, Saudi Arabia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Riyadh 13328, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference laboratory, Cleveland clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 92323, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayam A Alrasheed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Rahman Zaidah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
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Fernandes R, Abreu R, Serrano I, Such R, Garcia-Vila E, Quirós S, Cunha E, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Resistant Escherichia coli isolated from wild mammals from two rescue and rehabilitation centers in Costa Rica: characterization and public health relevance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8039. [PMID: 38580725 PMCID: PMC10997758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence profiles of 67 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from faecal samples of 77 wild mammals from 19 different species, admitted in two rescue and rehabilitation centers in Costa Rica. It was possible to classify 48% (n = 32) of the isolates as multidrug-resistant, and while the highest resistance levels were found towards commonly prescribed antimicrobials, resistance to fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins were also observed. Isolates obtained from samples of rehabilitated animals or animals treated with antibiotics were found to have significantly higher AMR levels, with the former also having a significant association with a multidrug-resistance profile. Additionally, the isolates displayed the capacity to produce α-haemolysins (n = 64, 96%), biofilms (n = 51, 76%) and protease (n = 21, 31%). Our results showed that AMR might be a widespread phenomenon within Costa Rican wildlife and that both free-ranging and rehabilitated wild mammals are potential carriers of bacteria with important resistance and virulence profiles. These results highlight the need to study potential sources of resistance determinants to wildlife, and to determine if wild animals can disseminate resistant bacteria in the environment, potentially posing a significant threat to public health and hindering the implementation of a "One Health" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fernandes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Abreu
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isa Serrano
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sandy Quirós
- Alturas Wildlife Sanctuary, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal.
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Wight J, Byrne AS, Tahlan K, Lang AS. Anthropogenic contamination sources drive differences in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in three urban lakes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0180923. [PMID: 38349150 PMCID: PMC10952509 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01809-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-present threat to the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the potential relevance of this phenomenon in environmental reservoirs still raises many questions. Detection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the environment is a critical aspect for understanding the prevalence of resistance outside of clinical settings, as detection in the environment indicates that resistance is likely already widespread. We isolated antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from three urban waterbodies over a 15-month time series, determined their antimicrobial susceptibilities, investigated their population structure, and identified genetic determinants of resistance. We found that E. coli populations at each site were composed of different dominant phylotypes and showed distinct patterns of antimicrobial and multidrug resistance, despite close geographic proximity. Many strains that were genome-sequenced belonged to sequence types of international concern, particularly the ST131 clonal complex. We found widespread resistance to clinically important antimicrobials such as amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, but found that all strains were susceptible to amikacin and the last-line antimicrobials meropenem and fosfomycin. Resistance was most often due to acquirable antimicrobial resistance genes, while chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE conferred resistance to quinolones. Whole-genome analysis of a subset of strains further revealed the diversity of the population of E. coli present, with a wide array of AMR and virulence genes identified, many of which were present on the chromosome, including blaCTX-M. Finally, we determined that environmental persistence, transmission between sites, most likely mediated by wild birds, and transfer of mobile genetic elements likely contributed significantly to the patterns observed.IMPORTANCEA One Health perspective is crucial to understand the extent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally, and investigation of AMR in the environment has been increasing in recent years. However, most studies have focused on waterways that are directly polluted by sewage, industrial manufacturing, or agricultural activities. Therefore, there remains a lack of knowledge about more natural, less overtly impacted environments. Through phenotypic and genotypic investigation of AMR in Escherichia coli, this study adds to our understanding of the extent and patterns of resistance in these types of environments, including over a time series, and showed that complex biotic and abiotic factors contribute to the patterns observed. Our study further emphasizes the importance of incorporating the surveillance of microbes in freshwater environments in order to better comprehend potential risks for both human and animal health and how the environment may serve as a sentinel for potential future clinical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Wight
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Alexander S. Byrne
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Kapil Tahlan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Andrew S. Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
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10
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Calderón IL, Barros MJ, Fernández-Navarro N, Acuña LG. Detection of Nucleic Acids of the Fish Pathogen Yersinia ruckeri from Planktonic and Biofilm Samples with a CRISPR/Cas13a-Based Assay. Microorganisms 2024; 12:283. [PMID: 38399687 PMCID: PMC10892712 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the cause of hemorrhagic septicemia, known as enteric redmouth disease, in salmonid fish species. This bacterial pathogen can form biofilms on abiotic surfaces of aquaculture settings or even on the surfaces of the fish themselves, contributing to their persistence in the aquatic environment. Detection methods for this and other fish pathogens can be time-consuming and lack specificity and sensitivity, limiting timely monitoring, the treatment of microbial infections, and effective control of their transmission in aquaculture settings. Rapid and sensitive detection methods for nucleic acids can be crucial for an appropriate surveillance of bacterial pathogens, and the CRISPR/Cas-based assays have emerged as a good alternative since it has been proven to be a useful tool for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of viruses and some bacteria. In this study, we explored the capability of the CRISPR/Cas13a system (SHERLOCK) to specifically detect both DNA and RNA (gene transcripts) from planktonic and biofilm samples of the bacterial fish pathogen Y. ruckeri. The assay was designed to detect the gyrA gene and the small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) MicA and RprA from planktonic cultures and biofilm samples prepared in marine broth. The specific crRNA designed for these gene targets included a 28 nt specific gene sequence, and a scaffold sequence necessary for Cas13-binding. For all the assays, the nucleic acids obtained from samples were previously subjected to isothermal amplification with the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) method and the subsequent T7 transcription of the RPA amplicons. Finally, the detection of nucleic acids of Y. ruckeri was by means of a reporter signal released by the Cas13a collateral RNA cleavage triggered upon target recognition, measured by fluorescence- or lateral-flow-based readouts. This CRISPR/Cas13a-based assay was able to specifically detect both DNA and sRNAs from the Y. ruckeri samples, and the sensitivity was comparable to that obtained with qPCR analysis, highlighting the potential applicability of this CRISPR/Cas13a-based assay for fish pathogen surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván L. Calderón
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (M.J.B.); (N.F.-N.)
| | | | | | - Lillian G. Acuña
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (M.J.B.); (N.F.-N.)
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11
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dos Santos EJE, Lopes ATS, Fehlberg HF, Rocha JM, Brito Júnior PDA, Bernardes FCS, Costa TDSO, Guilherme EA, Vleeschouwer KMD, Oliveira LDC, Rosa BF, de Amorim BS, Filho LMC, Rios EO, Ferreira SS, Rodrigues DDP, Albuquerque GR, Miranda FR, Alvarez MRDV, Orrico VGD, Rezende RP, Nogueira SSDC, Pizauro LJL, Maciel BM. Low Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in Wild Animals in Bahia, Brazil-Population Assessment and Characterization in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest Biomes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:21. [PMID: 38200752 PMCID: PMC10778494 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are known to persist in the environment. Wild animals are believed to act as important reservoirs, with antimicrobial resistance frequently occurring in the environment. However, little is known about the role of the wildlife in Bahia as a reservoir for Salmonella in Brazil. This study aimed to isolate and characterize Salmonella spp. from wildlife in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes considering indicators such as the animal species, degree of anthropization, sampling area, and feeding habits. Convenience wildlife sampling and characterization were conducted, followed by microbiological and molecular identification of Salmonella isolates, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 674 fecal samples were collected from 12 municipalities during 2015-2021, and 4 were positive for the following Salmonella species: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Agona (n = 1), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serogroup O:16 (n = 2), and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Muenchen (n = 1). Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis revealed that one isolate was resistant to six antibiotics, including extended-spectrum penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors. These results indicated a low frequency of Salmonella spp. in the sampled forest fragments. The presence of Salmonella in wild animals increases the risk to public health and biodiversity and indicates that they can act as sentinels of environmental contamination or indicators of preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Josiane Moreira Rocha
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (E.J.E.d.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Elisa Arcanjo Guilherme
- Undergraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Beatris Felipe Rosa
- Graduate Program in Zoology, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elson Oliveira Rios
- Mammals Collection Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira (CMARF-UESC), Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Suelen Sanches Ferreira
- North Fluminense Foundation for Regional Development, Campos dos Goytacazes 28053-100, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - George Rêgo Albuquerque
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Flávia Regina Miranda
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rachel Passos Rezende
- Department of Biological Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Jose Luduverio Pizauro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Bianca Mendes Maciel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
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12
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D'Agnese E, Chase D, Andruszkiewicz-Allan E. ISOTHERMAL RECOMBINANT POLYMERASE AMPLIFICATION AND CRIPSR(CAS12A) ASSAY DETECTION OF RENIBACTERIUM SALMONINARUM AS AN EXAMPLE FOR WILDLIFE PATHOGEN DETECTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL DNA SAMPLES. J Wildl Dis 2023; 59:545-556. [PMID: 37791744 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Improving rapid detection methods for pathogens is important for research as we collectively aim to improve the health of ecosystems globally. In the northern hemisphere, the success of salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations is vitally important to the larger marine, aquatic, and terrestrial ecosystems they inhabit. This has led to managers cultivating salmon in hatcheries and aquaculture to bolster their populations, but young salmon face many challenges, including diseases such as bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Early detection of the BKD causative agent, Renibacterium salmoninarum, is useful for managers to avoid outbreaks in hatcheries and aquaculture stocks to enable rapid treatment with targeted antibiotics. Isothermal amplification and CRIPSR-Cas12a systems may enable sensitive, relatively rapid, detection of target DNA molecules from environmental samples compared to quantitative PCR (qPCR) and culture methods. We used these technologies to develop a sensitive and specific rapid assay to detect R. salmoninarum from water samples using isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and an AsCas12a RNA-guided nuclease detection. The assay was specific to R. salmoninarum (0/10 co-occurring or closely related bacteria detected) and sensitive to 0.0128 pg/µL of DNA (approximately 20-40 copies/µL) within 10 min of Cas activity. This assay successfully detected R. salmoninarum environmental DNA in 14/20 water samples from hatcheries with known quantification for the pathogen via previous qPCR (70% of qPCR-positive samples). The RPA-CRISPR/AsCas12a assay had a limit of detection (LOD) of >10 copies/µL in the hatchery water samples and stochastic detection below 10 copies/µL, similar to but slightly higher than the qPCR assay. This LOD enables 37 C isothermal detection, potentially in the field, of biologically relevant levels of R. salmoninarum in water. Further research is needed to develop easy-to-use, cost-effective, sensitive RPA/CRISPR-AsCas12a assays for rapidly detecting low concentrations of wildlife pathogens in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D'Agnese
- University of Washington, School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, 3737 Brooklyn Ave. NE, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Wild EcoHealth LLC, Tacoma, Washington 98465, USA
| | - Dorothy Chase
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 6505 Northeast 65th St., Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
| | - Elizabeth Andruszkiewicz-Allan
- University of Washington, School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, 3737 Brooklyn Ave. NE, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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13
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Ikushima S, Torii H, Sugiyama M, Asai T. Characterization of quinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli derived from sika deer populations of the Nara Prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:937-941. [PMID: 37438115 PMCID: PMC10539820 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife in urban areas have the potential to disseminate antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) across a wider environment. Using antimicrobial-supplemented agar plates, we isolated extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (EEC) and quinolone-resistant E. coli (QREC) from 144, 23, and 30 deer feces from Nara Park (NP), rural area neighboring NP (RA), and Mt. Odaigahara (MO), respectively. In NP and RA, the prevalence of EEC was 24.3 and 4.3%, respectively; that of QREC was 11.1 and 17.4%, respectively. Neither EEC nor QREC were detected in MO. The pulsotypes of EEC and QREC isolates differed between NP and RA. Our study suggests that deer of the Nara Prefecture are potential carriers of ARB, but long-distance dissemination is unlikely due to limited deer movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ikushima
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Present address: Fukushima Regional Collaborative Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Harumi Torii
- Center for Natural Environment Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, Japan
| | - Michiyo Sugiyama
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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14
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Tarabai H, Krejci S, Karyakin I, Bitar I, Literak I, Dolejska M. Clinically relevant antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from black kites in southwestern Siberia: a genetic and phenotypic investigation. mSphere 2023; 8:e0009923. [PMID: 37310717 PMCID: PMC10449506 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00099-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild birds including raptors can act as vectors of clinically relevant bacteria with antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in black kites (Milvus migrans) inhabiting localities in proximity to human-influenced environments in southwestern Siberia and investigate their virulence and plasmid contents. A total of 51 E. coli isolates mostly with multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles were obtained from cloacal swabs of 35 (64%, n = 55) kites. Genomic analyses of 36 whole genome sequenced E. coli isolates showed: (i) high prevalence and diversity of their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and common association with ESBL/AmpC production (27/36, 75%), (ii) carriage of mcr-1 for colistin resistance on IncI2 plasmids in kites residing in proximity of two large cities, (iii) frequent association with class one integrase (IntI1, 22/36, 61%), and (iv) presence of sequence types (STs) linked to avian-pathogenic (APEC) and extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Notably, numerous isolates had significant virulence content. One E. coli with APEC-associated ST354 carried qnrE1 encoding fluoroquinolone resistance on IncHI2-ST3 plasmid, the first detection of such a gene in E. coli from wildlife. Our results implicate black kites in southwestern Siberia as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant E. coli. It also highlights the existing link between proximity of wildlife to human activities and their carriage of MDR bacteria including pathogenic STs with significant and clinically relevant antibiotic resistance determinants. IMPORTANCE Migratory birds have the potential to acquire and disperse clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and their associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through vast geographical regions. The opportunistic feeding behavior associated with some raptors including black kites and the growing anthropogenic influence on their natural habitats increase the transmission risk of multidrug resistance (MDR) and pathogenic bacteria from human and agricultural sources into the environment and wildlife. Thus, monitoring studies investigating antibiotic resistance in raptors may provide essential data that facilitate understanding the fate and evolution of ARB and ARGs in the environment and possible health risks for humans and animals associated with the acquisition of these resistance determinants by wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Tarabai
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Krejci
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ibrahim Bitar
- Biomedical Center, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Literak
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Mantegazza L, De Pascali AM, Munoz O, Manes C, Scagliarini A, Capua I. Circular Health: exploiting the SDG roadmap to fight AMR. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1185673. [PMID: 37424780 PMCID: PMC10324666 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1185673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular Health is a novel approach to address complex health issues that is based on the expansion of the One Health Paradigm. Circular health recognizes the need for a multidisciplinary convergence effort to complement the biomedical dimension of health. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest global concerns for public health that is likely on the rise, given the extensive use of antibiotics during the early Covid-19 years. Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, an expert group chaired by Jim O'Neill published "The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance", which contains a final report and recommendations on how to tackle AMR. The report, for the first time, considers AMR from a multi-perspective viewpoint highlighting how it cannot be successfully addressed unless there is a converging approach encompassing many dimensions of the problem. In this perspective, we propose to include the recommendations from that seminal report and other more recent reviews which include the lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic, into the operational framework of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). AMR represents a perfect case study to explore how the SDG roadmap has the potential of becoming the driving force and implementation tool to address complex health issues by pursuing the optimization of resources and actions via a convergent and multi-stakeholder approach. The implementation of health-related policies through the whole spectrum of the SDGs could be both a novel and a well-established framework to inform multi-dimensional policies for more sustainable health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mantegazza
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alessandra Mistral De Pascali
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Olga Munoz
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Costanza Manes
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capua
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, SAIS Europe, Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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16
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Ramírez-Castillo FY, Guerrero-Barrera AL, Avelar-González FJ. An overview of carbapenem-resistant organisms from food-producing animals, seafood, aquaculture, companion animals, and wildlife. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1158588. [PMID: 37397005 PMCID: PMC10311504 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1158588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem resistance (CR) is a major global health concern. CR is a growing challenge in clinical settings due to its rapid dissemination and low treatment options. The characterization of its molecular mechanisms and epidemiology are highly studied. Nevertheless, little is known about the spread of CR in food-producing animals, seafood, aquaculture, wildlife, their environment, or the health risks associated with CR in humans. In this review, we discuss the detection of carbapenem-resistant organisms and their mechanisms of action in pigs, cattle, poultry, seafood products, companion animals, and wildlife. We also pointed out the One Health approach as a strategy to attempt the emergency and dispersion of carbapenem-resistance in this sector and to determine the role of carbapenem-producing bacteria in animals among human public health risk. A higher occurrence of carbapenem enzymes in poultry and swine has been previously reported. Studies related to poultry have highlighted P. mirabilis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae as NDM-5- and NDM-1-producing bacteria, which lead to carbapenem resistance. OXA-181, IMP-27, and VIM-1 have also been detected in pigs. Carbapenem resistance is rare in cattle. However, OXA- and NDM-producing bacteria, mainly E. coli and A. baumannii, are cattle's leading causes of carbapenem resistance. A high prevalence of carbapenem enzymes has been reported in wildlife and companion animals, suggesting their role in the cross-species transmission of carbapenem-resistant genes. Antibiotic-resistant organisms in aquatic environments should be considered because they may act as reservoirs for carbapenem-resistant genes. It is urgent to implement the One Health approach worldwide to make an effort to contain the dissemination of carbapenem resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Y. Ramírez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Alma L. Guerrero-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Avelar-González
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
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17
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Soares R, Miranda C, Cunha S, Ferreira L, Martins Â, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus Species in Ornamental Animal Feed. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1761. [PMID: 37889631 PMCID: PMC10251925 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus is a bacterial genus that is strongly associated with nosocomial infections and has a high capacity to transfer and acquire resistance genes. In this study, the main objective was to evaluate the presence of Enterococcus species in ornamental animal feed and characterize their antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using 14 antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method, complemented by genotypic analysis to identify Enterococcus species and the presence of 14 antimicrobial resistance and 10 virulence genes. From 57 samples of ornamental animal feed, 103 Enterococcus isolates were recovered from 15 bird, 9 fish and 4 reptile feed samples. Enterococcus isolates were highly resistance to rifampicin (78%) and erythromycin (48%), and 48% of isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. Enterococcus faecalis (36.7%) and E. faecium (31.7%) were the species most frequently identified. Most isolates carried the resistance genes ermB (57%) and tetL (52%) and the virulence genes, cylL (52%) and esp (40%). Enterococcus gallinarum was the species with the highest number of multidrug-resistant isolates (50%) and virulence genes (80%). These results highlight the high levels of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus spp. present in ornamental animal feed and the growing interaction of these animals with humans as a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben Soares
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Carla Miranda
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (P.P.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal;
- Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cunha
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Luís Ferreira
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Ângela Martins
- Department of Zootechnics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.S.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (P.P.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal;
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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18
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Seethalakshmi PS, Rajeev R, Prabhakaran A, Kiran GS, Selvin J. The menace of colistin resistance across globe: Obstacles and opportunities in curbing its spread. Microbiol Res 2023; 270:127316. [PMID: 36812837 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Colistin-resistance in bacteria is a big concern for public health, since it is a last resort antibiotic to treat infectious diseases of multidrug resistant and carbapenem resistant Gram-negative pathogens in clinical settings. The emergence of colistin resistance in aquaculture and poultry settings has escalated the risks associated with colistin resistance in environment as well. The staggering number of reports pertaining to the rise of colistin resistance in bacteria from clinical and non-clinical settings is disconcerting. The co-existence of colistin resistant genes with other antibiotic resistant genes introduces new challenges in combatting antimicrobial resistance. Some countries have banned the manufacture, sale and distribution of colistin and its formulations for food producing animals. However, to tackle the issue of antimicrobial resistance, a one health approach initiative, inclusive of human, animal, and environmental health needs to be developed. Herein, we review the recent reports in colistin resistance in bacteria of clinical and non-clinical settings, deliberating on the new findings obtained regarding the development of colistin resistance. This review also discusses the initiatives implemented globally in mitigating colistin resistance, their strength and weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Seethalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - Riya Rajeev
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | | | - George Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
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19
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Tîrziu E, Bulucea AV, Imre K, Nichita I, Muselin F, Dumitrescu E, Tîrziu A, Mederle NG, Moza A, Bucur IM, Cristina RT. The Behavior of Some Bacterial Strains Isolated from Fallow Deer Compared to Antimicrobial Substances in Western Romania. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040743. [PMID: 37107105 PMCID: PMC10134966 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The resistance levels of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., etc., isolated from the nasal cavity and the rectum of Dama dama deer from three hunting grounds in Western Romania were assessed. (2) Methods: The analysis was completed using the diffusimetric method, compliant with CLSI reference standards, and with Vitek-2 (BioMérieux, France), on 240 samples. (3) Results: The results were statistically analyzed (by one-way ANOVA) revealing that in four of the ten E. coli strains isolated from animals, 87.5% (p < 0.001) resistance was found. E. coli strains were resistant to cephalexin (100%); seven strains were resistant to cephalothin and ampicillin; six were resistant to cefquinome and cefoperazone; five were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; and four were resistant to ceftiofur. However, E. coli was sensitive to amikacin (100%). The most efficient structures were beta-lactams, amikacin, and imipenem, to which all 47 strains studied (100%) were sensitive, followed by nitrofurantoin, to which 45 strains (95.7%) were sensitive, neomycin, to which 44 strains (93.6%) were sensitive, ceftiofur, to which 43 strains (91.5%) were sensitive, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and marbofloxacin, to which 42 strains (89.4%) were sensitive. (4) Conclusions: In wild animal populations, where a human presence is frequently reported, including a constant presence of domestic animals, despite the perceived low risk of emerging resistance to antimicrobials, resistance is likely to develop frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Tîrziu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Kalman Imre
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ileana Nichita
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florin Muselin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Eugenia Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Tîrziu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy "Victor Babes", Piata Eftimie Murgu No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Narcisa G Mederle
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Moza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia M Bucur
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Romeo T Cristina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
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20
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Physiological and Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated in Southern Italian Bats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060966. [PMID: 36978508 PMCID: PMC10044454 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of antimicrobial resistance is one of the major health emergencies of recent decades. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria threaten not only humans but also populations of domestic and wild animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of antibiotic resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacterial strains isolated from six Southern-Italian bat populations. Using the disk diffusion method, we evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 413 strains of Gram-negative bacteria and 183 strains of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from rectal (R), oral (O) and conjunctival (C) swabs of 189 bats belonging to 4 insectivorous species (Myotis capaccinii, Myotis myotis, Miniopterus schreibersii and Rhinolophus hipposideros). In all bat species and locations, numerous bacterial strains showed high AMR levels for some of the molecules tested. In both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, the resistance patterns ranged from one to thirteen. MDR patterns varied significantly across sites, with Grotta dei Pipistrelli in Pantalica displaying the highest levels of MDR (77.2% of isolates). No significant differences were found across different bat species. Monitoring antibiotic resistance in wildlife is a useful method of evaluating the impact of anthropic pressure and environmental pollution. Our analysis reveals that anthropic contamination may have contributed to the spread of the antibiotic resistance phenomenon among the subjects we examined.
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21
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Rocha MFG, Diógenes EM, Carvalho VL, Marmontel M, da Costa MO, da Silva VMF, de Souza Amaral R, Gravena W, do Carmo NAS, Marigo J, Ocadaque CJ, Freitas AS, Pinheiro RM, de Lima-Neto RG, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, de Aquino Pereira-Neto W, de Melo Guedes GM, Sidrim JJC, de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco D. Virulence factors of Gram-negative bacteria from free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:447-462. [PMID: 36841923 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater cetaceans play a significant role as sentinel animals, providing important data on animal species and aquatic ecosystem health. They also may serve as potential reservoirs of emerging pathogens and host virulence genes in their microbiota. In this study, we evaluated virulence factors produced by Gram-negative bacteria recovered from individuals belonging to two populations of free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis). A total of 132 isolates recovered from the oral cavity, blowhole, genital opening and rectum of 21 river dolphins, 13 from Negro River and 8 from Tapajós River, Brazil, were evaluated for the production of virulence factors, such as biofilms and exoproducts (proteases, hemolysins and siderophores), in planktonic and biofilm forms. In planktonic form, 81.1% (107/132) of the tested bacteria of free-ranging Amazon river dolphins were able to produce virulence factors, with 44/132 (33.4%), 65/132 (49,2%) and 54/132 (40,9%) positive for protease, hemolysin and siderophore production, respectively. Overall, 57/132 (43.2%) of the isolates produced biofilms and, under this form of growth, 66/132 (50%), 88/132 (66.7%) and 80/132 (60.6%) of the isolates were positive for protease, hemolysin and siderophore production. In general, the isolates showed a higher release of exoproducts in biofilm than in planktonic form (P < 0.001). The present findings show that Amazon river dolphins harbor potentially pathogenic bacteria in their microbiota, highlighting the importance of monitoring the micro-organisms from wild animals, as they may emerge as pathogens for humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Expedito Maia Diógenes
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Vitor Luz Carvalho
- Associação de Pesquisa E Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (AQUASIS), Av. José Alencar, 150. Praia de Iparana, CEP. 61.627-210, Caucaia, Ceará, Brasil.
| | - Miriam Marmontel
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Vera M F da Silva
- National Institute of Amazon Research-Inpa/Aquatic Mammals Laboratory, Manaus, Amazon, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Souza Amaral
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Amazonas - IFAM, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Waleska Gravena
- Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Campus Coari, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Nívia A S do Carmo
- Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Eastern Amazon-EMBRAPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marigo
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology of Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (LAPCOM, FMVZ-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Crister José Ocadaque
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Alyne Soares Freitas
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Machado Pinheiro
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | | | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil. .,Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil.
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil.,Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
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22
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Occurrence and characteristics of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (bla TEM-128) isolated from Mus musculus captured from a veterinary clinic and houses in Tunis, Tunisia. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109698. [PMID: 36863174 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is a public health problem. Rodents, can be a potential vector for transmission of multidrug resistant bacteria between animals, humans, and environment. The aim of our study was to assess the level of Enterobacteriaceae present in the intestines of rats collected from different locations in Tunisia, then to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, to screen extended spectrum β-lactamases-producing strains and determine the molecular mechanism of β-lactams resistance. Between July 2017 and June 2018, 55 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 71 rats captured in various locations in Tunisia. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method. Genes encoding ESBL and mcr genes were investigated by RT-PCR, standard PCR and sequencing when these genes were found. Fifty-five strains of Enterobacteriaceae were identified. The overall prevalence of ESBL production found in our study was 12.7 % (7/55) of which two E. coli strains were DDST positive, one isolated from a house-caught rat and one from the veterinary clinic and harbored the blaTEM-128 gene. In addition, the other five strains were DDST negative and harbored the blaTEM gene, including three strains isolated from collective restaurant (n = 2: blaTEM-163; n = 1: blaTEM-1), one strain isolated from the veterinary clinic (blaTEM-82), and one strain isolated from a house (blaTEM-128). The results of our study suggest that rodents may play a role in the spread of antimicrobial resistant E. coli, highlighting the need to protect the environment and monitor antimicrobial resistant bacteria in rodents to prevent their spread to other wildlife and humans.
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23
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Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in wild birds hospitalised in a wildlife rescue centre. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 93:101945. [PMID: 36621272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the consequence of a hospitalisation period on antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from wild bird species admitted in the wildlife rescue centre of the Department of Veterinary Sciences (Turin University, Italy). Samples were collected from 121 raptors and 51 synanthropic animals, at the time of arrival as well as 5 and 10 days afterwards for a total of 372 faecal samples, and the susceptibility of E. coli strains was tested to a panel of seven antibacterials. Of the total, 109 animals (63.37 %) presented at least one sample positive for E. coli, 36 strains (39.6 %) were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and 12 (13.2 %) were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. During the first 10 days of hospitalisation E. coli strains increased the number of resistances towards each antimicrobial principle, the number of ESBL E. coli and the therapy with fluoroquinolones developed resistance towards ceftriaxone, marbofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline. Our results suggest that wild birds act as reservoirs of MDR bacteria, being potential sources for their spreading in the environment and to other species.
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24
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Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Dissemination in the Wildlife, Livestock, and Water of Maiella National Park, Italy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030432. [PMID: 36766321 PMCID: PMC9913102 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern that has been linked to humans, animals, and the environment. The One Health approach highlights the connection between humans, animals, and the environment and suggests that a multidisciplinary approached be used in studies investigating AMR. The present study was carried out to identify and characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from wildlife and livestock feces as well as from surface water samples in Maiella National Park, Italy. Ecological and georeferenced data were used to select two sampling locations, one where wildlife was caught within livestock grazing areas (sympatric group) and one where wildlife was caught outside of livestock grazing areas (non-sympatric group). Ninety-nine bacterial isolates from 132 feces samples and seven isolates from five water samples were collected between October and December 2019. The specimens were examined for species identification, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular detection of antibiotic resistance. Forty isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, forty-eight as Enterococcus spp., eight as Streptococcus spp. and ten as other gram-negative bacteria. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, including some antibiotics that play a critical role in human medicine, was detected in 36/106 (33.9%, 95% CI: 25-43) isolates and multidrug resistance was detected in 9/106 isolates (8.49%, 95% CI: 3.9-15.5). In addition, genes associated with antibiotic resistance were identified in 61/106 (57.55%, 95% CI: 47.5-67) isolates. The samples from sympatric areas were 2.11 (95% CI: 1.2-3.5) times more likely to contain resistant bacterial isolates than the samples from non-sympatric areas. These data suggest that drug resistant bacteria may be transmitted in areas where wildlife and livestock cohabitate. This emphasizes the need for further investigations focusing on the interactions between humans, wildlife, and the environment, the results of which can aid in the early detection of emerging AMR profiles and possible transmission routes.
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Elsby DT, Zadoks RN, Boyd K, Silva N, Chase-Topping M, Mitchel MC, Currie C, Taggart MA. Antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in Scottish wild deer: Prevalence and risk factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120129. [PMID: 36113642 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a recognised threat to global health. Obtaining data on the prevalence of AMR in environmental bacteria is key to understanding drivers and routes of transmission. Here, 325 Shiga toxin negative deer faecal samples-gathered from across the Scottish mainland-were screened for the presence of AMR Escherichia coli and investigated for potential risk factors associated with AMR occurrence. E. coli with resistance to antimicrobials of clinical health concern, including carbapenems and 3rd generation cephalosporins, were targeted. Ninety-nine percent of samples yielded E. coli, and the prevalence of resistant E. coli at the level of faecal samples was 21.8% (n = 71) for tetracycline, 6.5% (n = 21) for cefpodoxime, 0.3% for ciprofloxacin (n = 1), with no recorded resistance to meropenem. Potential risk factors for tetracycline and cefpodoxime resistance were investigated. The presence of broadleaved woodlands was significantly associated with both AMR phenotypes, which may relate to land use within or around such woodlands. Associated risk factors varied across resistance phenotype and deer species, with proximity or density of horses an indicator of significantly decreased and increased risk, respectively, or tetracycline and cefpodoxime resistance in E. coli from roe deer, but not from red deer. Distance from wastewater treatment plants was a significant risk factor for tetracycline resistance in E. coli from red deer but not from roe deer. Data indicated that AMR E. coli can occur in wild deer populations that are not directly exposed to the selective pressure exerted by antimicrobial treatment. Overall, resistance to critically important antimicrobials was found to be low in the studied population, suggesting no immediate cause for concern regarding human health. Utilising existing culling frameworks, wild deer in Scotland could function well as a sentinel species for the surveillance of AMR in the Scottish environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T Elsby
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highland and Islands, Castle St, Thurso, KW14 7JD, United Kingdom.
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia; Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Boyd
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highland and Islands, Castle St, Thurso, KW14 7JD, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Silva
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Margo Chase-Topping
- Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi C Mitchel
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Currie
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highland and Islands, Castle St, Thurso, KW14 7JD, United Kingdom
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Luo Y, Tan L, Zhang H, Bi W, Zhao L, Wang X, Lu X, Xu X, Sun R, Alvarez PJJ. Characteristics of Wild Bird Resistomes and Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Interconnected Bird-Habitat Systems Revealed by Similarity of blaTEM Polymorphic Sequences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15084-15095. [PMID: 35700319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wild birds are known to harbor and discharge antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and their associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, assessments of their contribution to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment are limited to culture-dependent bacterial snapshots. Here, we present a high-throughput sequencing study that corroborates extensive ARG exchange between wild bird feces and their habitats and implies the need to scrutinize high-mobility birds as potential vectors for global propagation of ARGs. We characterized the resistome (281 ARGs) and microbiome of seven wild bird species and their terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The resistomes of bird feces were influenced by the microbial community structure, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and residual antibiotics. We designated 33 ARGs found in more than 90% of the bird fecal samples as core ARGs of wild bird feces, among which 16 ARGs were shared as core ARGs in both wild bird feces and their habitats; these genes represent a large proportion of both the bird feces (35.0 ± 15.9%) and the environmental resistome (29.9 ± 21.4%). One of the most detected β-lactam resistance genes (blaTEM, commonly harbored by multidrug resistant "superbugs") was used as molecular marker to demonstrate the high interconnectivity of ARGs between the microbiomes of wild birds and their habitats. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive analysis of the wild bird resistome and underscores the importance to consider genetic exchange between animals and the environment in the One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lu Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Hanhui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenjing Bi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xueqiang Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Data Analysis and Statistical Research of Tianjin School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruonan Sun
- Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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27
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Federici L, Masulli M, De Laurenzi V, Allocati N. An overview of bats microbiota and its implication in transmissible diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1012189. [PMID: 36338090 PMCID: PMC9631491 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1012189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent pandemic events have raised the attention of the public on the interactions between human and environment, with particular regard to the more and more feasible transmission to humans of micro-organisms hosted by wild-type species, due to the increasing interspecies contacts originating from human’s activities. Bats, due to their being flying mammals and their increasing promiscuity with humans, have been recognized as hosts frequently capable of transmitting disease-causing microorganisms. Therefore, it is of considerable interest and importance to have a picture as clear as possible of the microorganisms that are hosted by bats. Here we focus on our current knowledge on bats microbiota. We review the most recent literature on this subject, also in view of the bat’s body compartments, their dietary preferences and their habitat. Several pathogenic bacteria, including many carrying multidrug resistance, are indeed common guests of these small mammals, underlining the importance of preserving their habitat, not only to protect them from anthropogenic activities, but also to minimize the spreading of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Federici
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d' Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d' Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Masulli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d' Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d' Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d' Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nerino Allocati
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d' Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nerino Allocati,
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Laidoudi Y, Ngaiganam EP, Marié JL, Pagnier I, Rolain JM, Mouhamadou Diene S, Davoust B. Colistin Resistance Mechanism in Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii Isolated from Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in France. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091022. [PMID: 36145454 PMCID: PMC9504195 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild animals may act as efficient antimicrobial-resistance reservoirs and epidemiological links between humans, livestock, and natural environments. By using phenotypic and genotypic characterization, the present study highlighted the occurrence of an antimicrobial-resistant (i.e., amoxicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cephalothin, and colistin) Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii strain in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from France. The molecular analysis conducted showed non-synonymous mutations in the pmrA/pmrB and phoQ/phoP operons and the phoP/Q regulator mgrB gene, leading to colistin resistance. The present data highlight the need for continuous monitoring of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wild animals to limit the spread of these threatening pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Laidoudi
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Edgarthe Priscilla Ngaiganam
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Lou Marié
- Animal Epidemiology Expert Group, French Military Health Service, 37076 Tours, France
| | - Isabelle Pagnier
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Seydina Mouhamadou Diene
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Animal Epidemiology Expert Group, French Military Health Service, 37076 Tours, France
- Correspondence:
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Gil‐Molino M, Gonçalves P, Risco D, Martín‐Cano FE, García A, Rey J, Fernández‐Llario P, Quesada A. Dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant isolates of Salmonella spp. in wild boars and its relationship with management practices. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1488-e1502. [PMID: 35182450 PMCID: PMC9790216 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern and controlling its spread is critical for the effectiveness of antibiotics. Members of the genus Salmonella are broadly distributed, and wild boar may play an important role in its circulation between peri-urban areas and the environment, due to its frequent interactions both with livestock or human garbage. As the population of these animals is rising due to management on certain hunting estates or the absence of natural predators, the aim of the present work is to identify the mechanisms of AMR present and/or expressed in Salmonella spp. from wild boar populations and to determine the possible role of management-related factors applied to different game estates located in central Spain. The detection of Salmonella spp. was carried out in 121 dead wild boar from 24 game estates, and antimicrobial resistance traits were determined by antibiotic susceptibility testing and screening for their genetic determinants. The effects of feeding supplementation, the proximity of livestock, the existence of a surrounding fence and the density of wild boar on the AMR of the isolates were evaluated. The predominant subspecies and serovar found were S. enterica subsp. enterica (n = 69) and S. choleraesuis (n = 33), respectively. The other subspecies found were S. enterica subsp. diarizonae, S. enterica subsp. salamae and S. enterica subsp. houtenae. AMR was common among isolates (75.2%) and 15.7% showed multi drug resistance (MDR). Resistance to sulphonamides was the most frequent (85.7%), as well as sul1 which was the AMR determinant most commonly found. Plasmids appeared in 38.8% of the isolates, with IncHI1 being the replicon detected with the highest prevalence. The AMR of the isolates increased when the animals were raised with feeding supplementation and enclosed by fences around the estates.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gil‐Molino
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Unidad de Patología InfecciosaUniversidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Pilar Gonçalves
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ingulados S.L. CáceresCáceresSpain
| | - David Risco
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ingulados S.L. CáceresCáceresSpain
- Neobeitar S.L. CáceresCáceresSpain
| | | | | | - Joaquín Rey
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Unidad de Patología InfecciosaUniversidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | | | - Alberto Quesada
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de BioquímicaBiología Molecular y Genética, Universidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
- INBIO G+CUniversidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
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Torres RT, Cunha MV, Araujo D, Ferreira H, Fonseca C, Palmeira JD. A walk on the wild side: Wild ungulates as potential reservoirs of multi-drug resistant bacteria and genes, including Escherichia coli harbouring CTX-M beta-lactamases. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119367. [PMID: 35489528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales have been classified as critical priority pathogens by the World Health Organization (WHO). ESBL are universally distributed and, in 2006, were firstly reported on a wild animal. Understanding the relative contributions of wild animals to ESBL circulation in the environment is urgently needed. In this work, we have conducted a nationwide study in Portugal to investigate the occurrence of bacteria carrying clinically significant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), using widely distributed wild ungulates as model species. A total of 151 antimicrobial resistant-Enterobacterales isolates were detected from 181 wild ungulates: 50% (44/88) of isolates from wild boar (Sus scrofa), 40.3% (25/62) from red deer (Cervus elaphus), 41.4% (12/29) from fallow deer (Dama dama) and 100% (2/2) from mouflon (Ovis aries subsp. musimon). Selected isolates showed a diversified resistance profile, with particularly high values corresponding to ampicillin (71.5%) and tetracycline (63.6%). Enterobacterales strains carried blaTEM, tetA, tetB, sul2, sul1 or dfrA1 ARG genes. They also carried blaCTX-M-type genes, which are prevalent in human infections, namely CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-98. Strikingly, this is the first report of CTX-M-98 in wildlife. Almost 40% (n = 59) of Enterobacterales were multi-drug resistant. The diversity of plasmids carried by ESBL isolates was remarkable, including IncF, K and P. This study highlights the potential role of wild ungulates as environmental reservoirs of CTX-M ESBL-producing E. coli and in the spill-over of AMR bacteria and their determinants. Our findings suggest that wild ungulates are useful as strategic sentinel species of AMR in terrestrial environments, especially in response to potential sources of anthropogenic pollution, providing early warning of potential risks to human, animal and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Tinoco Torres
- Departament of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mónica V Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Débora Araujo
- Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- Departament of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; ForestWISE - Collaborative Laboratory for Integrated Forest & Fire Management, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Josman Dantas Palmeira
- Departament of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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High Rates of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli in Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) of the German Baltic and North Sea Coasts: Indication of Environmental Contamination and a Potential Public Health Risk. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080836. [PMID: 36014957 PMCID: PMC9416030 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria pose a serious global health risk for humans and animals, while the role of wildlife in the dynamic transmission processes of antimicrobial resistance in environmental settings is still unclear. This study determines the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in the free-living great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) of the North and Baltic Sea coasts of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. For this, resistant E.coli were isolated from cloacal or faecal swabs and their antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes were investigated using disk diffusion tests and PCR assays. The isolates were further assigned to the four major phylogenetic groups, and their affiliation to avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) was tested. Resistant E. coli were isolated from 66.7% of the 33 samples, and 48.9% of all the resistant isolates showed a multidrug resistance profile. No spatial differences were seen between the different sampling locations with regard to the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance or multidrug resistance. Most commonly, resistance percentages occurred against streptomycin, followed by tetracycline and sulfonamides. More than half of the isolates belonged to the phylogenetic group B1. Of all the isolates, 24.4% were classified as APEC isolates, of which almost 82% were identified as multidrug-resistant. These results add information on the dispersal of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in wild birds in Germany, thereby allowing conclusions on the degree of environmental contamination and potential public health concerns.
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Bueno TS, Loiko MR, Vidaletti MR, Oliveira JA, Fetzner T, Cerva C, Moraes LB, De Carli S, Siqueira FM, Rodrigues RO, Menezes Coppola M, Callegari‐Jacques SM, Mayer FQ. Multidrug‐resistant
Escherichia coli
from free‐living pigeons (
Columba livia
): Insights into antibiotic environmental contamination and detection of resistance genes. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:682-693. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Silveira Bueno
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Loiko
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
- Universidade Feevale Novo Hamburgo Brazil
| | - Marina Roth Vidaletti
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Júlia Alves Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Tiago Fetzner
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Cristine Cerva
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Lucas Brunelli Moraes
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Silvia De Carli
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Franciele Maboni Siqueira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Rogério Oliveira Rodrigues
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Mario Menezes Coppola
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
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Sun H, Mu X, Zhang K, Lang H, Su Q, Li X, Zhou X, Zhang X, Zheng H. Geographical resistome profiling in the honeybee microbiome reveals resistance gene transfer conferred by mobilizable plasmids. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:69. [PMID: 35501925 PMCID: PMC9063374 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been of global concern as one of the greatest environmental threats. The gut microbiome of animals has been found to be a large reservoir of ARGs, which is also an indicator of the environmental antibiotic spectrum. The conserved microbiota makes the honeybee a tractable and confined ecosystem for studying the maintenance and transfer of ARGs across gut bacteria. Although it has been found that honeybee gut bacteria harbor diverse sets of ARGs, the influences of environmental variables and the mechanism driving their distribution remain unclear. RESULTS We characterized the gut resistome of two closely related honeybee species, Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, domesticated in 14 geographic locations across China. The composition of the ARGs was more associated with host species rather than with geographical distribution, and A. mellifera had a higher content of ARGs in the gut. There was a moderate geographic pattern of resistome distribution, and several core ARG groups were found to be prevalent among A. cerana samples. These shared genes were mainly carried by the honeybee-specific gut members Gilliamella and Snodgrassella. Transferrable ARGs were frequently detected in honeybee guts, and the load was much higher in A. mellifera samples. Genomic loci of the bee gut symbionts containing a streptomycin resistance gene cluster were nearly identical to those of the broad-host-range IncQ plasmid, a proficient DNA delivery system in the environment. By in vitro conjugation experiments, we confirmed that the mobilizable plasmids could be transferred between honeybee gut symbionts by conjugation. Moreover, "satellite plasmids" with fragmented genes were identified in the integrated regions of different symbionts from multiple areas. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates that the gut microbiota of different honeybee hosts varied in their antibiotic resistance structure, highlighting the role of the bee microbiome as a potential bioindicator and disseminator of antibiotic resistance. The difference in domestication history is highly influential in the structuring of the bee gut resistome. Notably, the evolution of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance is likely to promote the probability of its persistence and dissemination. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kexun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haoyu Lang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qinzhi Su
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xingan Li
- Key Laboratory for Bee Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Provincial Institute of Apicultural Sciences, Jilin, 132000, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ahmadzai MA, Shinwari Q, Al-Rasheed AA, Garba B. Armed conflict and the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance: The situation in war-ravaged Afghanistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.43-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a serious impediment to the attainment of the World Health Organization's Sustainable Development Goals, which seek to ensure and promote healthy living among humans and animals. Studies have identified the vulnerability of conflict-affected populations to exposure to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Resource-limited countries like Afghanistan have suffered for long periods from armed conflicts, and this situation is exacerbated by the already poor or dilapidated healthcare delivery services. The country has suffered human and economic losses due to antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections driven by the prolonged war, as well as a limited number of antimicrobials and frequent under dosage. Most reports point to the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics as the main reason for building up resistant strains. There is a need for more efforts toward identifying the major contributors and enlightening the public on the importance of AMR. This review aimed to provide a critical appraisal regarding the current situation of AMR in Afghanistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aman Ahmadzai
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Helmand University, 3902 Peace Watt, Lashkar Gah, Helmand, Afghanistan
| | - Qiamudin Shinwari
- Department of Para Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Helmand University, 3902 Peace Watt, Lashkar Gah, Helmand, Afghanistan
| | | | - Bashiru Garba
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, 840212, Sultan Abubakar Road, City Campus Complex, Sokoto State, Nigeria
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Osińska M, Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Gnat S, Łagowski D, Trościańczyk A. A rich mosaic of resistance in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Poland as a potential effect of increasing synanthropization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151834. [PMID: 34808162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In our research, we analyzed the resistance of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains to antimicrobial agents. The strains were collected during five years from wild animal species commonly inhabiting Poland. We have identified the type of β-lactamases produced and the multidrug-resistance profile. Most strains (73.8%) had genes encoding ESBL enzymes, mainly CTX-M-1 and TEM. Almost all AmpC-β-lactamase-producing isolates had the blaCMY-2 gene. Almost 70% of the strains tested showed a multi-drug resistance profile. The dominant phenotype was resistance to tetracycline (69.05%), and/or sulfamethoxazole (57.1%). We also found high resistance to quinolones: ciprofloxacin 35.7% and nalidixic acid 52.4%. The phenotypic resistance of the strains was in most cases confirmed by the presence of corresponding genes. Among strains, 26.2% were carriers of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR). MLST analysis revealed a large clonal variation of the strains, which was reflected in 28 different sequence types. More than half of the strains (54.7%) were classified into the following sequence complexes: 10, 23, 69, 101, 155, 156, 168, 354, 398, 446, and 648. Only one strain in the studied group was assigned to the ExPEC pathotype and represented sequence type 117. The results of our research have confirmed that isolates obtained from wild animals possess many resistance determinants and sequence types, which are also found in food-producing animals and humans. This reflects the doctrine of "One health", which clearly indicates that human health is inextricably linked with animal health as well as degree of environmental contamination. We conclude that the resistance and virulence profiles of strains isolated from wildlife animals may be a resultant of various sources encountered by animals, creating a rich and varied mosaic of genes, which is very often unpredictable and not reflected in the correlation between the sequence type and the gene profile of resistance or virulence observed in epidemic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Osińska
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Awawdeh L, Turni C, Mollinger JL, Henning J, Cobbold RN, Trott DJ, Gibson JS. Antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid replicon typing, phylogenetic grouping, and virulence potential of avian pathogenic and faecal Escherichia coli isolated from meat chickens in Australia. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:349-360. [PMID: 35417283 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2065969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Globally, avian colibacillosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, associated with economic losses and welfare problems. Here, clinical avian pathogenic E. coli isolates (CEC; n=50) and faecal E. coli isolates from healthy (FEC; n=187) Australian meat chickens collected between 2006 and 2014 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phylogenetic grouping, plasmid replicon (PR) typing, multilocus sequence typing, and virulence gene (VG) profiling. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)- and fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant E. coli isolates underwent further genetic characterisation. Significant proportions of CEC and FEC were respectively susceptible (13/50 [26%]; 48/187 [26%],) or MDR (9/50 [18%]; 26/187 [14%]) to 20 tested antimicrobials. Phylogenetic groups A and C, and PR types IncFIB and IncFrep were most commonly represented. Five tested CEC-associated VGs were more prevalent in CEC (≥90%) compared to FEC isolates (≤58%). Some isolates (CEC n=3; FEC n=7) were resistant to ESCs and/or FQs and possessed signature mutations in chromosomal FQ target genes and plasmid-mediated qnrS, blaCMY-2, and blaDHA-1 genes. Sequence type 354 (n=4), associated with extraintestinal infections in a broad range of hosts, was prevalent among the ESC- and/or FQ-resistant FEC.This study confirmed the existence of a small reservoir of ESC- and FQ-resistant E. coli in Australian commercial meat chickens despite the absence of use in the industry of these drug classes. Otherwise, a diversity of VGs and PR types in both faecal and clinical E. coli populations were identified. It's hypothesised that the source of ESC- and FQ-resistant E. coli may be external to poultry production facilities.Highlights1. Low-level resistance to older and newer generation antimicrobial drugs detected2. The most common sequence type (ST) associated with FQ resistance was ST354 (4/10)3. A small proportion of CEC (n=3) and FEC (n=7) were resistant to ESCs and/or FQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Awawdeh
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.,Eastern Institute of Technology, Hawke's Bay, 501 Gloucester Street, Taradale, Napier 4112, New Zealand
| | - C Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Austalia
| | - J L Mollinger
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Health & Food Science Precinct, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - J Henning
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - R N Cobbold
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - D J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia
| | - J S Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
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Fernandes M, Nóbrega Carneiro C, Villada Rosales AM, Grilo M, Ramiro Y, Cunha E, Nunes T, Tavares L, Sandi J, Oliveira M. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of Enterobacterales isolated from two-finger and three-finger sloths ( Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus variegatus) of Costa Rica. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12911. [PMID: 35295556 PMCID: PMC8919844 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wildlife has been recently recognized as an environmental reservoir for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, less information on this topic is available in animals released back into the wild after rehabilitation in wildlife facilities, compared with studies performed exclusively in captive or free-ranging wildlife. This study aimed to evaluate the potential influence of captivity and/or treatment while in captivity of wild sloths on the AMR and virulence profiles of sloths' Enterobacterales. Methods Oral and rectal swab samples were collected from 39 two-finger (Choloepus hoffmanni) and three-finger sloths (Bradypus variegatus) of Costa Rica (n = 78) and analyzed using conventional bacteriological techniques. A generalized linear mixed model was applied to estimate the isolates' multiple antimicrobial resistance and virulence indices as a function of animal status. Results A considerable level of resistance was detected, especially for Citrobacter youngae and Escherichia coli, with 17.5% of isolates classified as multidrug-resistant. Virulence indices of isolates from rehabilitated sloths were significantly higher than the ones from sloths being hand-reared for shorter periods. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first description of sloths' antimicrobial resistant Enterobacterales, suggesting that sloths' rehabilitation and consequent exposure to humans, may promote the selection of bacteria with higher virulence. Ultimately, these bacteria may represent a threat to human and animal health due to their zoonotic potential and AMR and virulence profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Fernandes
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Nóbrega Carneiro
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Miguel Grilo
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Ramiro
- Toucan Rescue Ranch (TRR), Heredia, San Josecito, Costa Rica
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Janet Sandi
- Toucan Rescue Ranch (TRR), Heredia, San Josecito, Costa Rica
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Antibiotic resistance, virulence, and phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli strains isolated from free-living birds in human habitats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262236. [PMID: 35020771 PMCID: PMC8754294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild birds can be colonized by bacteria, which are often resistant to antibiotics and have various virulence profiles. The aim of this study was to analyze antibiotic resistance mechanisms and virulence profiles in relation to the phylogenetic group of E. coli strains that were isolated from the GI tract of wildfowl. Out of 241 faecal samples, presence of E. coli resistant to a cephalosporin (ESBL/AmpC) was estimated for 33 isolates (13,7%). Based on the analysis of the coexistence of 4 genes encoding ESBLs/AmpC (blaCTX-M, blaTEM,blaSHV, blaAmpC) and class 1 and 2 integrons genes (intI1, intI2) a subset of two resistance profiles was observed among the investigated E. coli isolates carrying blaAmpC, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M, blaTEM, class 1 and 2 integrons, respectively. The E. coli isolates were categorized into 4 phylogenetic groups A (39.4%), B2 (24.25%), D (24.25%) and B1 (12.1%). The pathogenic B2 and D groups were mainly typical for the Laridae family. Among the 28 virulence factors (Vfs) detected in pathogenic phylogenetic groups B2 and D, 7 were exclusively found in those groups (sfa, vat, tosA, tosB, hly, usp, cnf), while 4 VFs (fecA, fyuA, irp2, kspMTII) showed a statistically significant association (P≤0.05) with phylogroups A and B1. Our results indicated that strains belonging to commensal phylogroups A/B1 possess extensive iron acquisition systems (93,9%) and autotransporters (60,6%), typical for pathogens, hence we suggest that these strains evolve towards higher levels of virulence. This study, which is a point assessment of the virulence and drug resistance potential of wild birds, confirms the importance of taking wild birds as a reservoir of strains that pose a growing threat to humans. The E. coli analyzed in our study derive from different phylogenetic groups and possess an arsenal of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors that contribute to their ability to cause diseases.
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Borah P, Dutta R, Das L, Hazarika G, Choudhury M, Deka NK, Malakar D, Hussain MI, Barkalita LM. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Salmonella serovars isolated from humans and animals. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:799-810. [PMID: 35167002 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Salmonella isolates recovered from humans and different species of animals. Out of 1231 samples, 88 (7.15%) Salmonella isolates were obtained, among which 21 (23.86%) belonged to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sero var. Weltevreden, 22 (25%) to S. Enteritidis, 16 (18.2%) to S. Typhi and 14 (15.9%) to S. Newport; 7 (7.95%) isolates were untypable. Among the 88 isolates, 65.90% showed resistance to gentamicin, 61.36% to tetracycline, 61.18% to cefotaxime, 48.86% to trimethoprim, 45.45% to ampicillin, 11.36% to ceftriaxone, 10.22% to chloramphenicol and 7.95% each to ciprofloxacin and cefepime. Most of the isolates were susceptible, with a low MIC (≤ 0.25 μg/ml) value, to cefepime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and co-trimoxazole and with a moderate MIC (0.5-4 μg/ml) to ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. The resistance genes blaTEM, tetA and dfrA12 were most prevalent, irrespective of the host of origin of the isolates. While invA was used for molecular detection of Salmonella, other virulence genes, viz. sipA, sipB, sipC, stn and pagN, were also detected in all Salmonella isolates. A total of 38.64% isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and various virulence genes were present among the isolated serovars. This study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and surveillance for pathogenic Salmonella and their potential risks to both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Probodh Borah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India.,Advanced State Level Biotech Hub, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Rupam Dutta
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Leena Das
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Girin Hazarika
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Mridusmita Choudhury
- Advanced State Level Biotech Hub, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Naba Kumar Deka
- Advanced State Level Biotech Hub, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Dipika Malakar
- Advanced State Level Biotech Hub, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Md Iftikar Hussain
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Luit Moni Barkalita
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
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He Z, Yang Y, Li W, Ma X, Zhang C, Zhang J, Sun B, Ding T, Tian GB. Comparative genomic analyses of Polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains from China. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:88. [PMID: 35100991 PMCID: PMC8805313 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile colistin resistance like gene (mcr-like gene) is a new type of polymyxin resistance gene that can be horizontally transferred in the Enterobacteriaceae. This has brought great challenges to the treatment of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae. RESULTS K. pneumoniae 16BU137 and E. coli 17MR471 were isolated from the bus and subway handrails in Guangzhou, China. K. pneumoniae 19PDR22 and KP20191015 were isolated from patients with urinary tract infection and severe pneumonia in Anhui, China. Sequence analysis indicated that the mcr-1.1 gene was present on the chromosome of E. coli 17MR471, and the gene was in the gene cassette containing pap2 and two copies of ISApl1.The mcr-1.1 was found in the putative IncX4 type plasmid p16BU137_mcr-1.1 of K. pneumoniae 16BU137, but ISApl1 was not found in its flanking sequence. Mcr-8 variants were found in the putative IncFIB/ IncFII plasmid pKP20191015_mcr-8 of K. pneumoniae KP20191015 and flanked by ISEcl1 and ISKpn26. CONCLUSION This study provides timely information on Enterobacteriaceae bacteria carrying mcr-like genes, and provides a reference for studying the spread of mcr-1 in China and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhien He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Changfeng Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Baolin Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Guo-Bao Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Xizang Minzu University School of Medicine, Xianyang, China.
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Fulham M, McDougall F, Power M, McIntosh RR, Gray R. Carriage of antibiotic resistant bacteria in endangered and declining Australian pinniped pups. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0258978. [PMID: 35089935 PMCID: PMC8797192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major concern for wildlife and ecosystem health globally. Genetic determinants of AMR have become indicators of anthropogenic pollution due to their greater association with humans and rarer presence in environments less affected by humans. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and frequency of the class 1 integron, a genetic determinant of AMR, in both the faecal microbiome and in Escherichia coli isolated from neonates of three pinniped species. Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea), Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) and long-nosed fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) pups from eight breeding colonies along the Southern Australian coast were sampled between 2016-2019. DNA from faecal samples (n = 309) and from E. coli (n = 795) isolated from 884 faecal samples were analysed for class 1 integrons using PCRs targeting the conserved integrase gene (intI) and the gene cassette array. Class 1 integrons were detected in A. p. doriferus and N. cinerea pups sampled at seven of the eight breeding colonies investigated in 4.85% of faecal samples (n = 15) and 4.52% of E. coli isolates (n = 36). Integrons were not detected in any A. forsteri samples. DNA sequencing of the class 1 integron gene cassette array identified diverse genes conferring resistance to four antibiotic classes. The relationship between class 1 integron carriage and the concentration of five trace elements and heavy metals was also investigated, finding no significant association. The results of this study add to the growing evidence of the extent to which antimicrobial resistant bacteria are polluting the marine environment. As AMR determinants are frequently associated with bacterial pathogens, their occurrence suggests that these pinniped species are vulnerable to potential health risks. The implications for individual and population health as a consequence of AMR carriage is a critical component of ongoing health investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Fulham
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona McDougall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Power
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Rachael Gray
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Gomes BM, Rebelo CB, Alves de Sousa L. Public health, surveillance systems and preventive medicine in an interconnected world. One Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822794-7.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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SHIRAKATA C, SUGAWARA S, KANO R. Isolation of antifungal-resistant <i>Candida </i>from the blowholes of captive dolphins. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:942-945. [PMID: 35598982 PMCID: PMC9353083 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we isolated eight strains of Candida albicans from the blowhole air cultures of eight dolphins (one Pacific white-sided dolphin and seven bottlenose
dolphins) housed at the Enoshima Aquarium. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungals for these isolates were determined by conducting E-test and broth microdilution assays using
the CLSI M27-A3 protocol antifungal susceptibility testing method. Only one of the eight dolphins from which Candida had been isolated had been treated with amphotericin B
(AMB), and four had been treated with itraconazole (ITZ). All isolates were identified as Candida albicans, and all were resistant to both ITZ and voriconazole, though the
isolates exhibited susceptibility to AMB and micafungin. Based on our findings, we suspect that the frequency of occurrence of azole-resistant Candida species is increasing
in captive dolphins as well as in their aquarium environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakura SUGAWARA
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Rui KANO
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences
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Yuan Y, Liang B, Jiang BW, Zhu LW, Wang TC, Li YG, Liu J, Guo XJ, Ji X, Sun Y. Migratory wild birds carrying multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli as potential transmitters of antimicrobial resistance in China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261444. [PMID: 34910771 PMCID: PMC8673662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory birds play an important role in the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. To investigate the prevalence of MDR Escherichia coli in migratory birds in China and potential relationships with the environment, a total of 1387 samples (fecal samples, cloacal swabs, or throat swabs) were collected from migratory birds from three different river basins in China. The collected samples were processed and subjected to bacteriological examinations. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the recovered isolates was performed using the E-test for the detection of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Some antibiotic resistance genes were detected and the PCR products were confirmed by sequencing. In total, 478 (34.7%) E. coli isolates were recovered. The results showed that the drug-resistant E. coli isolates were highly resistant to β-lactams (43.7%) and tetracycline (22.6%), and 73 (15.3%) were MDR, including eight that were extended spectrum β-lactamase-positive. The retrieved strains harbored the blaCTX-M, blaTEM-1, tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), sul1, sul2, sul3, cmlA, floR, and intI1 genes with a prevalence of 5.9%, 36.4%, 80.5%, 11.9%, 6.8%, 6.8%, 47.5%, 12.7%, 50.8%, 37.3%, and 61.0%, respectively. The drug resistance rate of the isolates from southern China was higher than those from northern China. The E. coli samples collected for migratory birds in the Pearl River Basin had the highest proportion (46.7%) MDR isolates. Furthermore, MDR bacteria carried by migratory birds were closely related to the antibiotic content in the basin, which confirms that MDR bacteria carried by migratory birds are likely acquired from the environment. This study also confirmed that migratory birds are potential transmitters of MDR bacteria, demonstrating the need to reduce the use and emission of antibiotics and further in-depth studies on the mechanisms underlying drug resistance of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Bo-wen Jiang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Ling-wei Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Tie-cheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan-guo Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Xue-jun Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Ji
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (XJ)
| | - Yang Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (XJ)
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Maksimović Z, Dizdarević J, Babić S, Rifatbegović M. Antimicrobial Resistance in Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci Isolated from Various Animals in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:136-142. [PMID: 34860586 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine and compare the antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 90) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 61) isolates from different animal species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Among S. pseudintermedius isolates from dogs (n = 86), resistance to penicillin (87.2%) was most common followed by amoxicillin (76.7%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (67.4%). A total of 25 isolates were found to be resistant to oxacillin of which 21 were mecA-positive and multidrug resistant (MDR). The most frequent MDR pattern was penicillins-lincosamides-cephalosporins-macrolides-fluoroquinolones. Among the 61 methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius isolates, 18 were MDR (penicillins-lincosamides-macrolides). Most of S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin (50.8%), followed by amoxicillin (41%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (31%). Resistance to cefoxitin was detected in only two isolates. All S. aureus isolates were mecA and mecC-negative. MDR was observed in six S. aureus isolates of which five were from cattle (penicillins-lincosamides-fluoroquinolones). Isolates from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were sensitive to most of the antimicrobials tested. The high number of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius and MDR isolates in dogs exposed in this study underlines the urgent need for establishment of national antimicrobial resistance surveillance program in animals in the country, as well as for the surveillance of veterinary antimicrobial consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinka Maksimović
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasmin Dizdarević
- Institute for Health and Food Safety, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Senka Babić
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maid Rifatbegović
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Zha P, Chen Y, Wang S, Wang A, Zhou Y. Dietary palygorskite-based antibacterial agent supplementation as an alternative to antibiotic improves growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier function, and immunity in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101640. [PMID: 35378350 PMCID: PMC8980492 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of palygorskite-based antibacterial agent (PAA) as an alternative to antibiotic on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and immunity in broilers. Three hundred and eighty-four mixed-sex 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated into 6 groups of 8 replicates with 8 birds each. Birds were given a basal diet, an antibiotic diet (50 mg/kg chlortetracycline), and the basal diet supplemented with 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg PAA for 42 d, respectively. Compared with control group, supplementing 1,000 mg/kg PAA reduced overall feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), with its value being similar to that of antibiotic group (P > 0.05). However, a higher level of PAA (2,000 mg/kg) increased feed conversion ratio during the late period (P < 0.05). The 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg PAA decreased plasma endotoxin and D-lactate levels at 42 d (P < 0.05) to comparable values (P > 0.05). The 1,000 mg/kg PAA decreased jejunal crypt depth, while 500 and 1,000 mg/kg PAA increased the ratio between jejunal villus height and crypt depth at 42 d (P < 0.05), with their values being similar to antibiotic group (P > 0.05). The highest level of PAA increased 42-d jejunal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M concentrations (P < 0.05). The 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg PAA reduced 21-d interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in serum and ileal mucosa and 42-d interferon-γ level in serum and jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05), which did not differ from antibiotic group (P > 0.05). Moreover, PAA administration, regardless of its dosage, reduced 42-d serum TNF-α concentration, and 500 to 2,000 mg/kg PAA decreased 21-d and 42-d jejunal and 42-d ileal mucosal TNF-α levels (P < 0.05), with their values being comparable with antibiotic group (P > 0.05). The results suggested that PAA as an alternative to antibiotic could improve growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and immunity of broilers, and its optimal dosage was 1,000 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zha
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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White-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in protected Danube wetlands as carriers of Escherichia coli with resistance and virulence genes. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Unveiling the Gut Microbiota and Resistome of Wild Cotton Mice, Peromyscus gossypinus, from Heavy Metal- and Radionuclide-Contaminated Sites in the Southeastern United States. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0009721. [PMID: 34431703 PMCID: PMC8552609 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00097-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be driven by direct selection from antibiotic use and indirect selection from substances such as heavy metals (HMs). While significant progress has been made to characterize the influence of HMs on the enrichment and dissemination of ARGs in the environment, there is still much we do not know. To fill this knowledge gap, we present a comprehensive analysis of gut bacteria associated with wild cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) trapped from several areas affected by legacies of HM and radionuclide contamination. We explore how these contaminants affect gut microbial community (GMC) composition and diversity and the enrichment of antibiotic, biocide, and metal resistance genes. Although we were able to identify that a myriad of co-occurring antimicrobial and HM resistance genes appear in mice from all areas, including those without a history of contamination, the proportions of co-occurring ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs) are higher in sites with radionuclide contamination. These results support those from several previous studies and enhance our understanding of the coselection process, while providing new insights into the ubiquity of antimicrobial resistance in the resistome of wild animals. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is a serious global public health concern because of its prevalence and ubiquitous distribution. The rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes is thought to be the result of the massive overuse of antibiotics in agriculture and therapeutics. However, previous studies have demonstrated that the spread of antibiotic resistance genes can also be influenced by heavy metal contamination. This coselection phenomenon, whereby different resistance determinants are genetically linked on the same genetic element (coresistance) or a single genetic element provides resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents (cross-resistance), has profound clinical and environmental implications. In contrast to antibiotics, heavy metals can persist in the environment as a selection pressure for long periods of time. Thus, it is important to understand how antibiotic resistance genes are distributed in the environment and to what extent heavy metal contaminants may be driving their selection, which we have done in one environmental setting.
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Rocha MFG, Diógenes EM, Carvalho VL, Marmontel M, da Costa MO, da Silva VMF, de Souza Amaral R, Gravena W, do Carmo NAS, Marigo J, Ocadaque CJ, Freitas AS, Pinheiro RM, de Lima-Neto RG, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, de Aquino Pereira-Neto W, de Melo Guedes GM, Sidrim JJC, de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco D. One Health Implications of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria from Amazon River Dolphins. ECOHEALTH 2021; 18:383-396. [PMID: 34709509 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the microbiota of freshwater cetaceans are scarce and may provide important data on animal and environmental health. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from two populations of free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis). Twenty-one animals were captured and released, 13 from Negro River and 8 from Tapajós River, Brazil. Swab samples were obtained from the oral cavity, blowhole, genital opening and rectum and were cultured on MacConkey agar. Isolates were biochemically identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion method. Overall, 132 isolates were recovered, of which 71 were recovered from animals from Negro River and 61 from Tapajós River. The most commonly recovered bacterial species were Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, 51.6% (63/122) of the isolates were not-susceptible (intermediate resistance and resistance), of which 28/122 (22.9%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Cephalothin, cefuroxime and cefepime were the drugs to which more resistant and intermediate results were observed (P < 0.001). The results indicate that free-ranging Amazon river dolphins host resistant bacteria, contributing for their maintenance in the environment. This study highlights the importance of the One Health approach to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Summary Gram-negative bacteria recovered from 21 free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) from the Negro River and the Tapajós River populations were evaluated for their antimicrobial susceptibility. Overall, 51.6% (63/122) of the isolates were not-susceptible (intermediate resistance and resistance), of which 28/122 (22.9%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Cephalothin, cefuroxime and cefepime were the drugs to which more resistant and intermediate results were observed. Thus, free-ranging Amazon river dolphins, never treated with antimicrobials, host resistant bacteria, contributing for their maintenance in the environment and highlighting the importance of the One Health approach to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Expedito Maia Diógenes
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza60.430-275, Ceará, CEP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Luz Carvalho
- Associação de Pesquisa E Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (AQUASIS), Av. José Alencar, 150. Praia de IparanaCEP 61.627-210, Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Miriam Marmontel
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Vera M F da Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia -INPA/Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Associação Amigos Do Peixe-Boi-AMPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Souza Amaral
- Associação Amigos Do Peixe-Boi-AMPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência eTecnologia Do Amazonas - IFAMZona Leste - CMZL, Campus Manaus, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Waleska Gravena
- Associação Amigos Do Peixe-Boi-AMPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Campus Coari, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Nívia A S do Carmo
- Associação Amigos Do Peixe-Boi-AMPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Bioma, Pará, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marigo
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (LAPCOM, FMVZ-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Crister José Ocadaque
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alyne Soares Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Machado Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Gonçalves de Lima-Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Avenida Professor Moraes Rêgo, Universitária - CEP:, S/N - Cidade, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza60.430-275, Ceará, CEP, Brazil.
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza60.430-275, Ceará, CEP, Brazil
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Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 27:101-111. [PMID: 34454098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprudent and overuse of clinically relevant antibiotics in agriculture, veterinary and medical sectors contribute to the global epidemic increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). There is a growing concern among researchers and stakeholders that the environment acts as an AMR reservoir and plays a key role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Various drivers are contributing factors to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their ARGs either directly through antimicrobial drug use in health care, agriculture/livestock and the environment or antibiotic residues released from various domestic settings. Resistant micro-organisms and their resistance genes enter the soil, air, water and sediments through various routes or hotspots such as hospital wastewater, agricultural waste or wastewater treatment plants. Global mitigation strategies primarily involve the identification of high-risk environments that are responsible for the evolution and spread of resistance. Subsequently, AMR transmission is affected by the standards of infection control, sanitation, access to clean water, access to assured quality antimicrobials and diagnostics, travel and migration. This review provides a brief description of AMR as a global concern and the possible contribution of different environmental drivers to the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria or ARGs through various mechanisms. We also aim to highlight the key knowledge gaps that hinder environmental regulators and mitigation strategies in delivering environmental protection against AMR.
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