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Nakai Y, Miyakawa K, Yamaoka Y, Hatayama Y, Nishi M, Suzuki H, Kimura H, Takahashi H, Kimura Y, Ryo A. Generation and Utilization of a Monoclonal Antibody against Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein for a Comprehensive Interactome Analysis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122381. [PMID: 36557634 PMCID: PMC9783060 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (HBc) is a structural protein that forms the viral nucleocapsid and is involved in various steps of the viral replication cycle, but its role in the pathogenesis of HBV infection is still elusive. In this study, we generated a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) against HBc and used it in antibody-based in situ biotinylation analysis in order to identify host proteins that interact with HBc. HBc antigen was produced with a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system and used to immunize mice. Among the established hybridoma clones, a single clone (mAb #7) was selected and further characterized for its ability in the antibody-based in situ biotinylation analysis to collect host proteins that are in the vicinity of HBc. Using mass spectrometry, we identified 215 HBc-interacting host proteins, three of which bind HBc most significantly under hypoxic conditions. Our results indicate that mAb #7 can be used to systematically identify host proteins that interact with HBc under pathophysiological conditions, and thus may be useful to explore the molecular pathways involved in HBV-induced cytopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakai
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara 259-1146, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Hatayama
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School, Takasaki 370-0006, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-787-2602
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2
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Murai K, Kodama T, Hikita H, Shimoda A, Fukuoka M, Fukutomi K, Shigeno S, Shiode Y, Motooka D, Higuchi Y, Miyakawa K, Suemizu H, Ryo A, Tahata Y, Makino Y, Yamada R, Sakamori R, Tatsumi T, Takehara T. Inhibition of nonhomologous end joining-mediated DNA repair enhances anti-HBV CRISPR therapy. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2474-2487. [PMID: 35608131 PMCID: PMC9426388 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Current anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapies have little effect on covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and fail to eliminate HBV. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has been reported to directly target cccDNA and exert antiviral effects. In this study, we hypothesized that the inhibition of the DNA repair machinery, which is important for the repair of CRISPR-induced double-strand breaks, may enhance the effect of CRISPR targeting cccDNA, and we investigated the antiviral effect of potential combination therapy. The antiviral effect of CRISPR targeting cccDNA (HBV-CRISPR) was evaluated in HBV-susceptible HepG2-hNTCP-C4 cells expressing Cas9 (HepG2-hNTCP-C4-iCas9) or primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) expressing Cas9. Following HBV infection, HBV-CRISPR reduced cccDNA levels, accompanied by decreases in pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) levels and supernatant HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen levels in HepG2-hNTCP-C4-iCas9 cells, and PHHs. HBV-CRISPR induced indel formation in cccDNA and up-regulated poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity in HBV-infected HepG2-hNTCP-C4-iCas9 cells. The suppression of PARP2-Histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) (involved in the initial step of DNA repair) with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting either PARP2 or HPF1 increased the reduction in pgRNA and cccDNA by HBV-CRISPR in HBV-infected HepG2-hNTCP-C4-iCas9 cells. The suppression of DNA Ligase 4 (LIG4) (essential for nonhomologous end joining [NHEJ]) but not breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) (essential for homologous recombination) enhanced the antiviral effect of HBV-CRISPR in HBV-infected HepG2-hNTCP-C4-iCas9 cells. Finally, the clinically available PARP inhibitor olaparib increased the reductions in pgRNA and cccDNA levels induced by HBV-CRISPR in HBV-infected HepG2-hNTCP-C4-iCas9 cells and PHHs. Conclusion: The suppression of the NHEJ-mediated DNA repair machinery enhances the effect of CRISPR targeting cccDNA. The combination of CRISPR and olaparib may represent a therapy for HBV elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Fukuoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukutomi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shigeno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuto Shiode
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Higuchi
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Biomedical Research Laboratory, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Biomedical Research Laboratory, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Tahata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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3
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Yamaoka Y, Miyakawa K, Jeremiah SS, Funabashi R, Okudela K, Kikuchi S, Katada J, Wada A, Takei T, Nishi M, Shimizu K, Ozawa H, Usuku S, Kawakami C, Tanaka N, Morita T, Hayashi H, Mitsui H, Suzuki K, Aizawa D, Yoshimura Y, Miyazaki T, Yamazaki E, Suzuki T, Kimura H, Shimizu H, Okabe N, Hasegawa H, Ryo A. Highly specific monoclonal antibodies and epitope identification against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein for antigen detection tests. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100311. [PMID: 34027498 PMCID: PMC8126173 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major global public health concern. Although rapid point-of-care testing for detecting viral antigen is important for management of the outbreak, the current antigen tests are less sensitive than nucleic acid testing. In our current study, we produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that exclusively react with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and exhibit no cross-reactivity with other human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV. Molecular modeling suggests that the mAbs bind to epitopes present on the exterior surface of the nucleocapsid, making them suitable for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. We further select the optimal pair of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) mAbs using ELISA and then use this mAb pair to develop immunochromatographic assay augmented with silver amplification technology. Our mAbs recognize the variants of concern (501Y.V1-V3) that are currently in circulation. Because of their high performance, the mAbs of this study can serve as good candidates for developing antigen detection kits for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | | | - Rikako Funabashi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Koji Okudela
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kikuchi
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Junichi Katada
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kaisei, Kanagawa 258-8538, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Wada
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kaisei, Kanagawa 258-8538, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takei
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kaisei, Kanagawa 258-8538, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimizu
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Shuzo Usuku
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kawakami
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Nobuko Tanaka
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Division of Pathology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-0855, Japan
| | - Hideaki Mitsui
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keita Suzuki
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aizawa
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Infectious Disease, Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-0855, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Etsuko Yamazaki
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okabe
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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Fogeron ML, Lecoq L, Cole L, Harbers M, Böckmann A. Easy Synthesis of Complex Biomolecular Assemblies: Wheat Germ Cell-Free Protein Expression in Structural Biology. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:639587. [PMID: 33842544 PMCID: PMC8027086 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.639587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems are gaining more importance as universal tools for basic research, applied sciences, and product development with new technologies emerging for their application. Huge progress was made in the field of synthetic biology using CFPS to develop new proteins for technical applications and therapy. Out of the available CFPS systems, wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis (WG-CFPS) merges the highest yields with the use of a eukaryotic ribosome, making it an excellent approach for the synthesis of complex eukaryotic proteins including, for example, protein complexes and membrane proteins. Separating the translation reaction from other cellular processes, CFPS offers a flexible means to adapt translation reactions to protein needs. There is a large demand for such potent, easy-to-use, rapid protein expression systems, which are optimally serving protein requirements to drive biochemical and structural biology research. We summarize here a general workflow for a wheat germ system providing examples from the literature, as well as applications used for our own studies in structural biology. With this review, we want to highlight the tremendous potential of the rapidly evolving and highly versatile CFPS systems, making them more widely used as common tools to recombinantly prepare particularly challenging recombinant eukaryotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Fogeron
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lauriane Lecoq
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Cole
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Matthias Harbers
- CellFree Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anja Böckmann
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antigen-Capture ELISA for Human Parechovirus Type 3. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091437. [PMID: 32961740 PMCID: PMC7563955 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV3) is an etiologic agent of respiratory diseases, meningitis, and sepsis-like illness in both infants and adults. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be a promising diagnostic tool for antigenic diseases such as virus infection, as they offer a high specificity toward a specific viral antigen. However, to date, there is no specific mAb available for the diagnosis of HPeV3 infection. In this study, we developed and characterized mAbs specific for HPeV3 capsid protein VP0. We used cell-free, wheat germ-synthesized viral VP0 protein for immunizing BALB/c mice to generate hybridomas. From the resultant hybridoma clones, we selected nine clones producing mAbs reactive to the HPeV3-VP0 antigen, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Epitope mapping showed that these mAbs recognized three distinct domains in HPeV3 VP0. Six mAbs recognized HPeV3 specifically and the other three mAbs showed cross-reactivity with other HPeVs. Using the HPeV3-specific mAbs, we then developed an ELISA for viral antigen detection that could be reliably used for laboratory diagnosis of HPeV3. This ELISA system exhibited no cross-reactivity with other related viruses. Our newly developed mAbs would, thus, provide a useful set of tools for future research and ensure HPeV3-specific diagnosis.
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The human papillomavirus E6 protein targets apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) for degradation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14195. [PMID: 32848167 PMCID: PMC7450093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncoprotein E6 of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a critical role in inducing cell immortalization and malignancy. E6 downregulates caspase-dependent pathway through the degradation of p53. However, the effect of HPV E6 on other pathways is still under investigation. In the present study, we found that HPV E6 directly binds to all three forms (precursor, mature, and apoptotic) of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and co-localizes with apoptotic AIF. This binding induced MG132-sensitive reduction of AIF expression in the presence of E6 derived from HPV16 (16E6), a cancer-causing type of HPV. Conversely, E6 derived from a non-cancer-causing type of HPV, HPV6 (6E6), did not reduce the levels of AIF despite its interaction with AIF. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that 16E6, but not 6E6, suppressed apoptotic AIF-induced chromatin degradation (an indicator of caspase-independent apoptosis) and staurosporine (STS, a protein kinase inhibitor)-induced apoptosis. AIF knockdown reduced STS-induced apoptosis in both of 16E6-expressing and 6E6-expressing cells; however, the reduction in 16E6-expressing cells was lower than that in 6E6-expressing cells. These findings indicate that 16E6, but not 6E6, blocks AIF-mediated apoptosis, and that AIF may represent a novel therapeutic target for HPV-induced cervical cancer.
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Abstract
Proteins are the main source of drug targets and some of them possess therapeutic potential themselves. Among them, membrane proteins constitute approximately 50% of the major drug targets. In the drug discovery pipeline, rapid methods for producing different classes of proteins in a simple manner with high quality are important for structural and functional analysis. Cell-free systems are emerging as an attractive alternative for the production of proteins due to their flexible nature without any cell membrane constraints. In a bioproduction context, open systems based on cell lysates derived from different sources, and with batch-to-batch consistency, have acted as a catalyst for cell-free synthesis of target proteins. Most importantly, proteins can be processed for downstream applications like purification and functional analysis without the necessity of transfection, selection, and expansion of clones. In the last 5 years, there has been an increased availability of new cell-free lysates derived from multiple organisms, and their use for the synthesis of a diverse range of proteins. Despite this progress, major challenges still exist in terms of scalability, cost effectiveness, protein folding, and functionality. In this review, we present an overview of different cell-free systems derived from diverse sources and their application in the production of a wide spectrum of proteins. Further, this article discusses some recent progress in cell-free systems derived from Chinese hamster ovary and Sf21 lysates containing endogenous translocationally active microsomes for the synthesis of membrane proteins. We particularly highlight the usage of internal ribosomal entry site sequences for more efficient protein production, and also the significance of site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids for labeling applications and creation of antibody drug conjugates using cell-free systems. We also discuss strategies to overcome the major challenges involved in commercializing cell-free platforms from a laboratory level for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujan Kumar Dondapati
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marlitt Stech
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anne Zemella
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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SIRT1 enhances hepatitis virus B transcription independent of hepatic autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:64-70. [PMID: 32446392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular process that can lead to the degradation of malfunctioned proteins and damaged organelles to maintain homeostasis during cellular stress. Here, we evaluated the change in hepatitis B virus (HBV) production by regulating hepatic autophagy in HBV-producing cells. We examined focusing on a relation with a positive autophagy regulator, sirtuin1 (SIRT1). Starvation and rapamycin treatment induced autophagy with increasing SIRT1 protein, HBc protein and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) levels in HBV- producing cells. Knockdown of Atg7 or Atg13 suppressed hepatic autophagy, and it did not change SIRT1 protein, HBc protein or pgRNA levels in HBV- producing cells. Resveratrol, which increases SIRT1 expression and activity, promoted autophagy and increased HBc protein and pgRNA levels. siRNA-mediated knockdown of SIRT1 inhibited autophagy and decreased HBc protein and pgRNA levels. In SIRT1-knockdown cells, starvation promoted autophagy but did not increase HBc protein and pgRNA levels. In conclusion, HBc protein and pgRNA levels are upregulated not by the autophagic process itself but by the SIRT1 expression level.
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Murai K, Hikita H, Kai Y, Kondo Y, Fukuoka M, Fukutomi K, Doi A, Yamai T, Nakabori T, Fukuda R, Takahashi T, Miyakawa K, Suemizu H, Ryo A, Yamada R, Kodama T, Sakamori R, Tatsumi T, Takehara T. Hepatitis C virus infection suppresses hepatitis B virus replication via the RIG-I-like helicase pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:941. [PMID: 31969598 PMCID: PMC6976581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination by direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in HBV/HCV-co-infected patients remain unclear. We examined RIG-I-like helicase (RLH) pathway activation by HBV mono-infection, HCV mono-infection or HBV/HCV co-infection and interference between HBV and HCV in primary human hepatocytes. Interference between HBV and HCV and HBV reactivation after DAA treatment in humanized-liver mice were assessed. HCV infection activated RLH pathway, as evidenced by RIG-I, ISG15 and ISG56 expression induction; HBV caused only RIG-I induction in vitro. RLH activation was also found in HBV/HCV-co-infected cells, and HBV replication were suppressed in HBV/HCV-co-infected than in HBV-mono-infected cells. siRNA-mediated double knockdown of ISG15 and ISG56 increased HBV replication in HBV/HCV-co-infected cells. HCV infection activated RLH pathway and suppressed HBV replication in humanized-liver mice. Subsequent elimination of HCV by DAA administration downregulated RLH pathway and upregulated HBV replication in mice. RLH pathway was activated in livers of chronic hepatitis C patients compared to those of chronic hepatitis B or non-B, non-C patients. The RLH pathway activation was downregulated by HCV elimination. In conclusion, HCV infection activated RLH pathway and suppressed HBV replication in human hepatocytes. HCV elimination upregulated HBV replication, probably through RLH pathway downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yugo Kai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Kondo
- Department of Hepatology, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Fukuoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukutomi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Doi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuo Yamai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nakabori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukuda
- Department of Hepatology, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Biomedical Research Laboratory, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Biomedical Research Laboratory, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Miyakawa K, Matsunaga S, Yamaoka Y, Dairaku M, Fukano K, Kimura H, Chimuro T, Nishitsuji H, Watashi K, Shimotohno K, Wakita T, Ryo A. Development of a cell-based assay to identify hepatitis B virus entry inhibitors targeting the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23681-23694. [PMID: 29805766 PMCID: PMC5955094 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a major entry receptor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and one of the most attractive targets for anti-HBV drugs. We developed a cell-mediated drug screening method to monitor NTCP expression on the cell surface by generating a HepG2 cell line with tetracycline-inducible expression of NTCP and a monoclonal antibody that specifically detects cell-surface NTCP. Using this system, we screened a small molecule library for compounds that protected against HBV infection by targeting NTCP. We found that glabridin, a licorice-derived isoflavane, could suppress viral infection by inducing caveolar endocytosis of cell-surface NTCP with an IC50 of ~40 μM. We also found that glabridin could attenuate the inhibitory effect of taurocholate on type I interferon signaling by depleting the level of cell-surface NTCP. These results demonstrate that our screening system could be a powerful tool for discovering drugs targeting HBV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.,Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Mina Dairaku
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kento Fukano
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Chimuro
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Hironori Nishitsuji
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kunitada Shimotohno
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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11
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Yamaoka Y, Matsuyama S, Fukushi S, Matsunaga S, Matsushima Y, Kuroyama H, Kimura H, Takeda M, Chimuro T, Ryo A. Development of Monoclonal Antibody and Diagnostic Test for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Using Cell-Free Synthesized Nucleocapsid Antigen. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:509. [PMID: 27148198 PMCID: PMC4837155 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein nativity is one of the most critical factors for the quality of antigens used as immunogens and the reactivities of the resultant antibodies. The preparation and purification of native viral antigens in conventional cell-based protein expression systems are often accompanied by technical hardships. These challenges are attributable mainly to protein aggregation and insolubility during expression and purification, as well as to very low expression levels associated with the toxicity of some viral proteins. Here, we describe a novel approach for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against nucleocapsid protein (NP) of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system, we successfully prepared large amounts of MERS-CoV NP antigen in a state that was highly soluble and intact for immunization. Following mouse immunization and hybridoma generation, we selected seven hybridoma clones that produced mAbs with exclusive reactivity against MERS-CoV NP. Epitope mapping and subsequent bioinformatic analysis revealed that these mAbs recognized epitopes located within relatively highly conserved regions of the MERS-CoV amino-acid sequence. Consistently, the mAbs exhibited no obvious cross-reactivity with NPs derived from other related viruses, including SARS coronavirus. After determining the optimal combinations of these mAbs, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a rapid immunochromatographic antigen detection test that can be reliably used for laboratory diagnosis of MERS-CoV. Thus, this study provides strong evidence that the wheat germ cell-free system is useful for the production of diagnostic mAbs against emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama, Japan; Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.Isehara, Japan
| | - Shutoku Matsuyama
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushima
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama, Japan; Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public HealthKawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuroyama
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. Isehara, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Chimuro
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. Isehara, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University Yokohama, Japan
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12
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Toptan T, Yousem SA, Ho J, Matsushima Y, Stabile LP, Fernández-Figueras MT, Bhargava R, Ryo A, Moore PS, Chang Y. Survey for human polyomaviruses in cancer. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27034991 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 8 years, the discovery of 11 new human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) has revived interest in this DNA tumor virus family. Although HPyV infection is widespread and largely asymptomatic, one of these HPyVs, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), is a bona fide human tumor virus. JC virus (JCV), BK virus, HPyV7, and trichodysplasia-spinulosa virus (TSV) can cause nonneoplastic diseases in the setting of immunosuppression. Few specific reagents are available to study the biology of the newly discovered HPyVs. We developed a pan-HPyV-screening method using a cocktail of 3 antibodies that, when combined, recognize T antigen proteins of all HPyVs. We validated detection characteristics of the antibody cocktail by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry and screened 1,184 cases, including well-defined diseases and tumor tissue microarrays. This assay robustly detected MCV, TSV, JCV, and HPyV7 in etiologically related diseases. We further identified WU polyomavirus in a case of chronic lymphocytic lymphoma-associated bronchitis. Except for scattered, incidentally infected cells in 5% of lung squamous cell carcinomas and colon adenocarcinomas, a broad panel of tumor tissues was largely negative for infection by any HPyV. This method eliminates known HPyVs as suspected causes of cancers investigated in this study. Pan-HPyV survey can be applied to identify diseases associated with recently discovered polyomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuna Toptan
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samuel A Yousem
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonhan Ho
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuki Matsushima
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Laura P Stabile
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Rohit Bhargava
- Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Patrick S Moore
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuan Chang
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Matsunaga S, Masaoka T, Sawasaki T, Morishita R, Iwatani Y, Tatsumi M, Endo Y, Yamamoto N, Sugiura W, Ryo A. A cell-free enzymatic activity assay for the evaluation of HIV-1 drug resistance to protease inhibitors. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1220. [PMID: 26583013 PMCID: PMC4628118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their high frequency of genomic mutations, human retroviruses often develop resistance to antiretroviral drugs. The emergence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a significant obstacle to the effective long-term treatment of HIV infection. The development of a rapid and versatile drug-susceptibility assay would enable acquisition of phenotypic information and facilitate determination of the appropriate choice of antiretroviral agents. In this study, we developed a novel in vitro method, termed the Cell-free drug susceptibility assay (CFDSA), for monitoring phenotypic information regarding the drug resistance of HIV-1 protease (PR). The CFDSA utilizes a wheat germ cell-free protein production system to synthesize enzymatically active HIV-1 PRs directly from PCR products amplified from HIV-1 molecular clones or clinical isolates in a rapid one-step procedure. Enzymatic activity of PRs can be readily measured by AlphaScreen (Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay Screen) in the presence or absence of clinically used protease inhibitors (PIs). CFDSA measurement of drug resistance was based on the fold resistance to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of various PIs. The CFDSA could serve as a non-infectious, rapid, accessible, and reliable alternative to infectious cell-based phenotypic assays for evaluation of PI-resistant HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Masaoka
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Morishita
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University Yokohama, Japan ; CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd. Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwatani
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center Nagoya, Japan ; Department of AIDS Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Tatsumi
- Department of AIDS Research, AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yaeta Endo
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center Nagoya, Japan ; Department of AIDS Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University Yokohama, Japan
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14
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Kimura H, Ryo A. Pathophysiology and epidemiology of virus-induced asthma. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:562. [PMID: 25374566 PMCID: PMC4205945 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kimura
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Molecular Biodefence Research, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Kanagawa, Japan
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