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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zabed HM, Qi X. Fermentative Production of Ergothioneine by Exploring Novel Biosynthetic Pathway and Remodulating Precursor Synthesis Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14264-14273. [PMID: 38860833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (EGT) is a naturally occurring derivative of histidine with diverse applications in the medicine, cosmetic, and food industries. Nevertheless, its sustainable biosynthesis faces hurdles due to the limited biosynthetic pathways, complex metabolic network of precursors, and high cost associated with fermentation. Herein, efforts were made to address these limitations first by reconstructing a novel EGT biosynthetic pathway from Methylobacterium aquaticum in Escherichia coli and optimizing it through plasmid copy number. Subsequently, the supply of precursor amino acids was promoted by engineering the global regulator, recruiting mutant resistant to feedback inhibition, and blocking competitive pathways. These metabolic modifications resulted in a significant improvement in EGT production, increasing from 35 to 130 mg/L, representing a remarkable increase of 271.4%. Furthermore, an economical medium was developed by replacing yeast extract with corn steep liquor, a byproduct of wet milling of corn. Finally, the production of EGT reached 595 mg/L with a productivity of 8.2 mg/L/h by exploiting fed-batch fermentation in a 10 L bioreactor. This study paves the way for exploring and modulating a de novo biosynthetic pathway for efficient and low-cost fermentative production of EGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hossain M Zabed
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Sharavin DY, Belyaeva PG. Biotechnological potential of psychrotolerant methylobacteria isolated from biotopes of Antarctic oases. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:323. [PMID: 38907777 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Ten strains of psychrotolerant methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from the samples collected in Larsemann and Bunger Hills (Antarctica). Most of the isolates are assigned to the genus Pseudomonas, representatives of the genera Janthinobacterium, Massilia, Methylotenera and Flavobacterium were also found. Majority of isolates were able to grow on a wide range of sugars, methylamines and other substrates. Optimal growth temperatures for the isolated strains varied from 6 °C to 28 °C. The optimal concentration of NaCl was 0.5-2.0%. The optimal pH values of the medium were 6-7. It was found that three strains synthesized indole-3-acetic acid on a medium with L-tryptophan reaching 11-12 μg/ml. The values of intracellular carbohydrates in several strains exceeded 50 μg/ml. Presence of calcium-dependent and lanthanum-dependent methanol dehydrogenase have been shown for some isolates. Strains xBan7, xBan20, xBan37, xBan49, xPrg27, xPrg48, xPrg51 showed the presence of free amino acids. Bioprospection of Earth cryosphere for such microorganisms has a potential in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Yuryevich Sharavin
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms (IEGM), 13, Golev st., Perm, 614081, Russia.
| | - Polina Gennadievna Belyaeva
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms (IEGM), 13, Golev st., Perm, 614081, Russia
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Xiong K, Guo H, Xue S, Liu M, Dai Y, Lin X, Zhang S. Production optimization of food functional factor ergothioneine in wild-type red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa DL-X01. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4050-4057. [PMID: 38353320 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ergothioneine (EGT) is a high-value food functional factor that cannot be synthesized by humans and other vertebrates, and the low yield limits its application. RESULTS In this study, the optimal fermentation temperature, fermentation time, initial pH, inoculum age, and inoculation ratio on EGT biosynthesis of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa DL-X01 were optimized. In addition, the effects of three key precursor substances - histidine, methionine, and cysteine - on fungal EGT synthesis were verified. The optimal conditions were further obtained by response surface optimization. The EGT yield of R. mucilaginosa DL-X01 under optimal fermentation conditions reached 64.48 ± 2.30 mg L-1 at shake flask fermentation level. Finally, the yield was increased to 339.08 ± 3.31 mg L-1 (intracellular) by fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest EGT yield ever reported in non-recombinant strains. The fermentation strategy described in this study will promote the efficient biosynthesis of EGT in red yeast and its sustainable production in the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Xiong
- SKL of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Guo
- SKL of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Siyu Xue
- SKL of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiwei Dai
- SKL of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinping Lin
- SKL of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Ding YX, Chen JW, Ke J, Hu FY, Wen JC, Dong YG, Wang FQ, Xiong LB. Co-augmentation of a transport gene mfsT1 in Mycolicibacterium neoaurum with genome engineering to enhance ergothioneine production. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300705. [PMID: 38253966 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (EGT) is a rare thiohistidine derivative with exceptional antioxidant properties. The blood level of EGT is considered highly reliable predictors for cardiovascular diseases and mortality, yet animals lack the ability to synthesize this compound. Free plasmids have been previously used to overexpress genes involved in the EGT biosynthetic pathway of Mycolicibacterium neoaurum. Here, we tentatively introduced a putative transporter gene mfsT1 into high-copy plasmids and sharply increased the ratio of extracellular EGT concentration from 18.7% to 44.9%. Subsequently, an additional copy of egtABCDE, hisG, and mfsT1 was inserted into the genome with a site-specific genomic integration tool of M. neoaurum, leading a 2.7 times increase in EGT production. Co-enhancing the S-adenosyl-L-methionine regeneration pathway, or alternatively, the integration of three copies of egtABCDE, hisG and mfsT1 into the genome further increased the total EGT yield by 16.1% (64.6 mg/L) and 21.7% (67.7 mg/L), respectively. After 168-h cultivation, the highest titer reached 85.9 mg/L in the latter strain with three inserted copies. This study provided a solid foundation for genome engineering to increase the production of EGT in M. neoaurum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xue Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Yang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Chen Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Guo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang-Bin Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Jinshan District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Ngamsamer C, Muangnoi C, Tongkhao K, Sae-Tan S, Treesuwan K, Sirivarasai J. Potential Health Benefits of Fermented Vegetables with Additions of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Polyphenol Vitexin Based on Their Antioxidant Properties and Prohealth Profiles. Foods 2024; 13:982. [PMID: 38611288 PMCID: PMC11011267 DOI: 10.3390/foods13070982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented vegetables are increasingly being recognized as an important dietary component, particularly of plant-based diets, to achieve a sustainable healthy gut because of their microbial diversity and antioxidant properties. However, the functional relevance of fermented vegetables varies based on the raw ingredients used and nutrient supplementation. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the microbial diversity and antioxidant activity of three formulas of fermented vegetables (standard, supplemented with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, and supplemented with polyphenol vitexin) at days 0 and 15. The bacterial community profiles were determined through 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, and antioxidant activity was analyzed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and by measuring the oxygen radical absorbance capacity, the ferric reducing ability of plasma, and the total phenolic content. The results confirm microbial diversity in the taxonomic composition of the different formulas of fermented vegetables, with different bacteria predominating, particularly lactic acid bacteria including the genera Weissella, Pedicocccus, Leuconostoc, and Lactobacillus. Spearman's correlation analysis showed significant differences in the specific bacteria present in the different formulas of fermented vegetables that conferred antioxidant capacity. Our findings show that supplementation with L. rhamnosus GG and polyphenol vitexin may effectively enhance the functional relevance of foods by promoting cellular protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanya Ngamsamer
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | | | - Kullanart Tongkhao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.T.); (S.S.-T.)
| | - Sudathip Sae-Tan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.T.); (S.S.-T.)
| | - Khemmapas Treesuwan
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Jintana Sirivarasai
- Nutrition Division, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Cheng B, Yu K, Weng X, Liu Z, Huang X, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Wu S, Wang X, Hu X. Impact of cell wall polysaccharide modifications on the performance of Pichia pastoris: novel mutants with enhanced fitness and functionality for bioproduction applications. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:55. [PMID: 38368340 PMCID: PMC10874062 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pichia pastoris is a widely utilized host for heterologous protein expression and biotransformation. Despite the numerous strategies developed to optimize the chassis host GS115, the potential impact of changes in cell wall polysaccharides on the fitness and performance of P. pastoris remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate how alterations in cell wall polysaccharides affect the fitness and function of P. pastoris, contributing to a better understanding of its overall capabilities. RESULTS Two novel mutants of GS115 chassis, H001 and H002, were established by inactivating the PAS_chr1-3_0225 and PAS_chr1-3_0661 genes involved in β-glucan biosynthesis. In comparison to GS115, both modified hosts exhibited a looser cell surface and larger cell size, accompanied by faster growth rates and higher carbon-to-biomass conversion ratios. When utilizing glucose, glycerol, and methanol as exclusive carbon sources, the carbon-to-biomass conversion rates of H001 surpassed GS115 by 10.00%, 9.23%, and 33.33%, respectively. Similarly, H002 exhibited even higher increases of 32.50%, 12.31%, and 53.33% in carbon-to-biomass conversion compared to GS115 under the same carbon sources. Both chassis displayed elevated expression levels of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and human epidermal growth factor (hegf). Compared to GS115/pGAPZ A-gfp, H002/pGAPZ A-gfp showed a 57.64% higher GFP expression, while H002/pPICZα A-hegf produced 66.76% more hegf. Additionally, both mutant hosts exhibited enhanced biosynthesis efficiencies of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and ergothioneine. H001/pGAPZ A-sam2 synthesized 21.28% more SAM at 1.14 g/L compared to GS115/pGAPZ A-sam2, and H001/pGAPZ A-egt1E obtained 45.41% more ERG at 75.85 mg/L. The improved performance of H001 and H002 was likely attributed to increased supplies of NADPH and ATP. Specifically, H001 and H002 exhibited 5.00-fold and 1.55-fold higher ATP levels under glycerol, and 6.64- and 1.47-times higher ATP levels under methanol, respectively, compared to GS115. Comparative lipidomic analysis also indicated that the mutations generated richer unsaturated lipids on cell wall, leading to resilience to oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS Two novel P. pastoris chassis hosts with impaired β-1,3-D-glucan biosynthesis were developed, showcasing enhanced performances in terms of growth rate, protein expression, and catalytic capabilities. These hosts exhibit the potential to serve as attractive alternatives to P. pastoris GS115 for various bioproduction applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Cheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Keyang Yu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xing Weng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xuewu Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Shuyan Wu
- Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Massey University, University Avenue and Library Road, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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Sato S, Saika A, Ushimaru K, Koshiyama T, Higashiyama Y, Fukuoka T, Morita T. Biosynthetic ability of diverse basidiomycetous yeast strains to produce the natural antioxidant ergothioneine. AMB Express 2024; 14:20. [PMID: 38337099 PMCID: PMC10858013 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sixteen strains of basidiomycetous yeasts were evaluated for their capability to produce ergothioneine (EGT), an amino acid derivative with strong antioxidant activity. The cells were cultured in either two synthetic media or yeast mold (YM) medium for 72 h, after which cytosolic constituents were extracted from the cells with hot water. After analyzing the extracts via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we found that all strains produced varying amounts of EGT. The EGT-producing strains, including Ustilago siamensis, Anthracocystis floculossa, Tridiomyces crassus, Ustilago shanxiensis, and Moesziomyces antarcticus, were subjected to flask cultivation in YM medium. U. siamensis CBS9960 produced the highest amount of EGT at 49.5 ± 7.0 mg/L after 120 h, followed by T. crassus at 30.9 ± 1.8 mg/L. U. siamensis was also cultured in a jar fermenter and produced slightly higher amounts of EGT than under flask cultivation. The effects of culture conditions, particularly the addition of precursor amino acids, on EGT production by the selected strains were also evaluated. U. siamensis showed a 1.5-fold increase in EGT production with the addition of histidine, while U. shanxiensis experienced a 1.8-fold increase in EGT production with the addition of methionine. These results suggest that basidiomycetous yeasts could serve an abundant source for natural EGT producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Sato
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Azusa Saika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ushimaru
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Koshiyama
- Research and Development Division, Kureha Corporation, 16, Ochiai, Nishiki-Machi, Iwaki, Fukushima, 974-8686, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Higashiyama
- Research and Development Division, Kureha Corporation, 16, Ochiai, Nishiki-Machi, Iwaki, Fukushima, 974-8686, Japan
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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Tani A, Masuda S, Fujitani Y, Iga T, Haruna Y, Kikuchi S, Shuaile W, Lv H, Katayama S, Yurimoto H, Sakai Y, Kato J. Metabolism-linked methylotaxis sensors responsible for plant colonization in Methylobacterium aquaticum strain 22A. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1258452. [PMID: 37901831 PMCID: PMC10613068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile bacteria take a competitive advantage in colonization of plant surfaces to establish beneficial associations that eventually support plant health. Plant exudates serve not only as primary growth substrates for bacteria but also as bacterial chemotaxis attractants. A number of plant-derived compounds and corresponding chemotaxis sensors have been documented, however, the sensors for methanol, one of the major volatile compounds released by plants, have not been identified. Methylobacterium species are ubiquitous plant surface-symbiotic, methylotrophic bacteria. A plant-growth promoting bacterium, M. aquaticum strain 22A exhibits chemotaxis toward methanol (methylotaxis). Its genome encodes 52 methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), among which we identified three MCPs (methylotaxis proteins, MtpA, MtpB, and MtpC) responsible for methylotaxis. The triple gene mutant of the MCPs exhibited no methylotaxis, slower gathering to plant tissues, and less efficient colonization on plants than the wild type, suggesting that the methylotaxis mediates initiation of plant-Methylobacterium symbiosis and engages in proliferation on plants. To examine how these MCPs are operating methylotaxis, we generated multiple gene knockouts of the MCPs, and Ca2+-dependent MxaFI and lanthanide (Ln3+)-dependent XoxF methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs), whose expression is regulated by the presence of Ln3+. MtpA was found to be a cytosolic sensor that conducts formaldehyde taxis (formtaxis), as well as methylotaxis when MDHs generate formaldehyde. MtpB contained a dCache domain and exhibited differential cellular localization in response to La3+. MtpB expression was induced by La3+, and its activity required XoxF1. MtpC exhibited typical cell pole localization, required MxaFI activity, and was regulated under MxbDM that is also required for MxaF expression. Strain 22A methylotaxis is realized by three independent MCPs, two of which monitor methanol oxidation by Ln3+-regulated MDHs, and one of which monitors the common methanol oxidation product, formaldehyde. We propose that methanol metabolism-linked chemotaxis is the key factor for the efficient colonization of Methylobacterium on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Tani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Sachiko Masuda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (JST ALCA), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fujitani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Toshiki Iga
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yuuki Haruna
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shiho Kikuchi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Wang Shuaile
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Haoxin Lv
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shiori Katayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yurimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Sakai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junichi Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Xiong K, Xue S, Guo H, Dai Y, Ji C, Dong L, Zhang S. Ergothioneine: new functional factor in fermented foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36891762 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2185766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (EGT) is a high-value natural sulfur-containing amino acid and has been shown to possess extremely potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. At present, EGT has been widely used in food, functional food, cosmetics, medicine, and other industries, but its low yield is still an urgent problem to overcome. This review briefly introduced the biological activities and functions of EGT, and expounded its specific applications in food, functional food, cosmetic, and medical industries, introduced and compared the main production methods of EGT and respective biosynthetic pathways in different microorganisms. Furthermore, the use of genetic and metabolic engineering methods to improve EGT production was discussed. In addition, the incorporation of some food-derived EGT-producing strains into fermentation process will allow the EGT to act as a new functional factor in the fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Siyu Xue
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiwei Dai
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Chaofan Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Gamit HA, Naik H, Chandarana KA, Chandwani S, Amaresan N. Secondary metabolites from methylotrophic bacteria: their role in improving plant growth under a stressed environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28563-28574. [PMID: 36710311 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is considered a natural disaster that causes the ecosystem to fluctuate and increase temperature, as well as the amount of UV radiation (UV-A and UV-B) on the Earth's surface. Consequently, greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrogen oxide, and carbon dioxide have become obstacles to the development of sustainable agriculture. To overcome environmental stress such as phytopathogens, drought, salinity, heavy metals, and high-low temperatures, the utilization of microorganisms is a viable option. The synthesis of secondary metabolites by methylotrophic bacteria improves plant metabolism, enhances tolerance, and facilitates growth. The genus Methylobacterium is a pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs which abundantly colonizes plants, especially young leaves, owing to the availability of methanol. Secondary metabolites such as amino acids, carotenoids, hormones, antimicrobial compounds, and other compounds produced by methylotrophic bacteria enhance plant metabolism under stress conditions. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the role of secondary metabolites produced by methylotrophic bacteria and their role in promoting plant growth under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshida A Gamit
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Hetvi Naik
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Komal A Chandarana
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Sapna Chandwani
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Natarajan Amaresan
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, 394 350, Gujarat, India.
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11
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Zhang L, Tang J, Feng M, Chen S. Engineering Methyltransferase and Sulfoxide Synthase for High-Yield Production of Ergothioneine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:671-679. [PMID: 36571834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual sulfur-containing amino acid with antioxidant activity that can be synthesized by certain bacteria and fungi. Microbial fermentation is a promising method for ERG production. In this study, the bifunctional enzyme methyltransferase-sulfoxide synthase NcEgt1 from Neurospora crassa was truncated to obtain sulfoxide synthase TNcEgt1, which showed a higher expression level in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Then, the genes egtD encoding methyltransferase EgtD and egtE encoding C-S lyase EgtE from Mycobacterium smegmatis were cloned with TncEgt1 into E. coli BL21(DE3) to produce 70 mg/L ERG. To improve ERG production, TNcEgt1 and EgtD were modified, and the resulting mutants were screened with an established high-throughput method which could directly analyze the ERG content in culture broths. After several rounds of mutation and screening, the optimal mutant MD4 was obtained and produced 290 mg/L ERG. Furthermore, a fed-batch culture was conducted in a 5 L bioreactor. After optimizing the fermentation process, the ERG yield reached 5.4 g/L after 94 h of cultivation supplemented with amino acids and glycerol, which is the highest ERG yield reported to date. The results showed that ERG production was significantly improved by modifying the key enzymes, and the engineered strains constructed in this study have potential industrial application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwen Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Shaoxin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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12
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Hirasawa T, Shimoyamada Y, Tachikawa Y, Satoh Y, Kawano Y, Dairi T, Ohtsu I. Ergothioneine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum harboring heterologous biosynthesis pathways. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:25-33. [PMID: 36334975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Corynebacterium glutamicum was engineered to produce ergothioneine, an amino acid derivative with high antioxidant activity. The ergothioneine biosynthesis genes, egtABCDE, from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis were introduced into wild-type and l-cysteine-producing strains of C. glutamicum to evaluate their ergothioneine production. In the l-cysteine-producing strain, ergothioneine production reached approximately 40 mg L-1 after 2 weeks, and the amount was higher than that in the wild-type strain. As C. glutamicum possesses an ortholog of M. smegmatis egtA, which encodes an enzyme responsible for γ-glutamyl-l-cysteine synthesis, the effect of introducing egtBCDE genes on ergothioneine production in the l-cysteine-producing strain was evaluated, revealing that a further increase to more than 70 mg L-1 was achieved. As EgtBs from Methylobacterium bacteria are reported to use l-cysteine as a sulfur donor in ergothioneine biosynthesis, egtB from Methylobacterium was expressed with M. smegmatis egtDE in the l-cysteine-producing strain. As a result, ergothioneine production was further improved to approximately 100 mg L-1. These results indicate that utilization of the l-cysteine-producing strain and introduction of heterologous biosynthesis pathways from M. smegmatis and Methylobacterium bacteria are effective for improved ergothioneine production by C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirasawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuki Shimoyamada
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yukio Tachikawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Satoh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 & W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Gradutate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tohru Dairi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 & W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Gradutate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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13
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Discovery and structure of a widespread bacterial ABC transporter specific for ergothioneine. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7586. [PMID: 36481738 PMCID: PMC9732360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Ergothioneine (ET), the 2-thioimidazole derivative of trimethylhistidine, is biosynthesized by select fungi and bacteria, notably Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and functions as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. The extent to which ET broadly functions in bacterial cells unable to synthesize it is unknown. Here we show that spd_1642-1643 in Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive respiratory pathogen, encodes an ET uptake ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, designated EgtU. The solute binding domain (SBD) of EgtU, EgtUC, binds ET with high affinity and exquisite specificity in a cleft between the two subdomains, with cation-π interactions engaging the betaine moiety and a network of water molecules that surround the thioimidazole ring. EgtU is highly conserved among known quaternary amine compound-specific transporters and widely distributed in Firmicutes, including the human pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, as BilEB, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. ET increases the chemical diversity of the low molecular weight thiol pool in Gram-positive human pathogens and may contribute to antioxidant defenses in the infected host.
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14
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The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Biochem J 2022; 479:1653-1708. [PMID: 36043493 PMCID: PMC9484810 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute circumstances. We argue here that I–R injury also underpins elements of the pathology of a variety of chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be initiated via fibrin amyloid microclot blockage of capillaries, for instance as exercise is started; reperfusion is a necessary corollary when it finishes. We rehearse the mechanistic evidence for these occurrences here, in terms of their manifestation as oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, the production of marker metabolites and related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both the breathlessness/fatigue and the post-exertional malaise that may be observed in these conditions, as well as many other observables. The recognition of these processes implies, mechanistically, that therapeutic benefit is potentially to be had from antioxidants, from anti-inflammatories, from iron chelators, and via suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. We review the considerable existing evidence that is consistent with this, and with the biochemical mechanisms involved.
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15
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Juma PO, Fujitani Y, Alessa O, Oyama T, Yurimoto H, Sakai Y, Tani A. Siderophore for Lanthanide and Iron Uptake for Methylotrophy and Plant Growth Promotion in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:921635. [PMID: 35875576 PMCID: PMC9301485 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.921635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylobacterium and Methylorubrum species are facultative methylotrophic bacteria that are abundant in the plant phyllosphere. They have two methanol dehydrogenases, MxaF and XoxF, which are dependent on either calcium or lanthanides (Lns), respectively. Lns exist as insoluble minerals in nature, and their solubilization and uptake require a siderophore-like substance (lanthanophore). Methylobacterium species have also been identified as plant growth-promoting bacteria although the actual mechanism has not been well-investigated. This study aimed to reveal the roles of siderophore in Methylobacterium aquaticum strain 22A in Ln uptake, bacterial physiology, and plant growth promotion. The strain 22A genome contains an eight-gene cluster encoding the staphyloferrin B-like (sbn) siderophore. We demonstrate that the sbn siderophore gene cluster is necessary for growth under low iron conditions and was complemented by supplementation with citrate or spent medium of the wild type or other strains of the genera. The siderophore exhibited adaptive features, including tolerance to oxidative and nitrosative stress, biofilm formation, and heavy metal sequestration. The contribution of the siderophore to plant growth was shown by the repressive growth of duckweed treated with siderophore mutant under iron-limited conditions; however, the siderophore was dispensable for strain 22A to colonize the phyllosphere. Importantly, the siderophore mutant could not grow on methanol, but the siderophore could solubilize insoluble Ln oxide, suggesting its critical role in methylotrophy. We also identified TonB-dependent receptors (TBDRs) for the siderophore–iron complex, iron citrate, and Ln, among 12 TBDRs in strain 22A. Analysis of the siderophore synthesis gene clusters and TBDR genes in Methylobacterium genomes revealed the existence of diverse types of siderophores and TBDRs. Methylorubrum species have an exclusive TBDR for Ln uptake that has been identified as LutH. Collectively, the results of this study provide insight into the importance of the sbn siderophore in Ln chelation, bacterial physiology, and the diversity of siderophore and TBDRs in Methylobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Otieno Juma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fujitani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ola Alessa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tokitaka Oyama
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yurimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Sakai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Tani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akio Tani,
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16
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Fujitani Y, Shibata T, Tani A. A Periplasmic Lanthanide Mediator, Lanmodulin, in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:921636. [PMID: 35814700 PMCID: PMC9260416 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.921636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylobacterium and Methylorubrum species oxidize methanol via pyrroloquinoline quinone-methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs). MDHs can be classified into two major groups, Ca2+-dependent MDH (MxaF) and lanthanide (Ln3+)-dependent MDH (XoxF), whose expression is regulated by the availability of Ln3+. A set of a siderophore, TonB-dependent receptor, and an ABC transporter that resembles the machinery for iron uptake is involved in the solubilization and transport of Ln3+. The transport of Ln3+ into the cytosol enhances XoxF expression. A unique protein named lanmodulin from Methylorubrum extorquens strain AM1 was identified as a specific Ln3+-binding protein, and its biological function was implicated to be an Ln3+ shuttle in the periplasm. In contrast, it remains unclear how Ln3+ levels in the cells are maintained, because Ln3+ is potentially deleterious to cellular systems due to its strong affinity to phosphate ions. In this study, we investigated the function of a lanmodulin homolog in Methylobacterium aquaticum strain 22A. The expression of a gene encoding lanmodulin (lanM) was induced in response to the presence of La3+. A recombinant LanM underwent conformational change upon La3+ binding. Phenotypic analyses on lanM deletion mutant and overexpressing strains showed that LanM is not necessary for the wild-type and XoxF-dependent mutant’s methylotrophic growth. We found that lanM expression was regulated by MxcQE (a two-component regulator for MxaF) and TonB_Ln (a TonB-dependent receptor for Ln3+). The expression level of mxcQE was altered to be negatively dependent on Ln3+ concentration in ∆lanM, whereas it was constant in the wild type. Furthermore, when exposed to La3+, ∆lanM showed an aggregating phenotype, cell membrane impairment, La deposition in the periplasm evidenced by electron microscopy, differential expression of proteins involved in membrane integrity and phosphate starvation, and possibly lower La content in the membrane vesicle (MV) fractions. Taken together, we concluded that lanmodulin is involved in the complex regulation mechanism of MDHs and homeostasis of cellular Ln levels by facilitating transport and MV-mediated excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Fujitani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Akio Tani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akio Tani,
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17
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Abstract
Significance: Ergothioneine (ET) is an unusual sulfur-containing amino acid derived from histidine, acquired predominantly from food. Its depletion is associated with deleterious consequences in response to stress stimuli in cell culture models, prompting us to classify it as a vitamin in 2010, which was later supported by in vivo studies. ET is obtained from a variety of foods and is taken up by a selective transporter. ET possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that confer cytoprotection. ET crosses the blood-brain barrier and has been reported to have beneficial effects in the brain. In this study, we discuss the cytoprotective and neuroprotective properties of ET, which may be harnessed for combating neurodegeneration and decline during aging. Recent Advances: The designation of ET as a stress vitamin is gaining momentum, opening a new field of investigation involving small molecules that are essential for optimal physiological functioning and maintenance of health span. Critical Issues: Although ET was discovered more than a century ago, its physiological functions are still being elucidated, especially in the brain. As ET is present in most foods, toxicity associated with its deprivation has been difficult to assess. Future Directions: Using genetically engineered cells and mice, it may now be possible to elucidate roles of ET. This coupled with advances in genomics and metabolomics may lead to identification of ET function. As ET is a stable antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties, whose levels decline during aging, supplementing ET in the diet or consuming an ET-rich diet may prove beneficial. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1306-1317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Cheah IK, Lee JZ, Tang RMY, Koh PW, Halliwell B. Does Lactobacillus reuteri influence ergothioneine levels in the human body? FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1241-1251. [PMID: 35486429 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The dietary thione-thiol, ergothioneine (ET), accumulates in human and animal tissues and may play important roles in disease prevention. ET biosynthesis has only been described in fungi and certain bacteria, and humans and animals are widely assumed to accumulate ET solely from diet. However, a recent study suggested that Lactobacillus/Limosilactobacillus reuteri, a commensal gut bacterium, may produce ET, thereby protecting the host against social defeat stress and sleep disturbances. Upon our further investigation, no evidence of ET biosynthesis was observed in L. reuteri when a heavy-labelled histidine precursor was administered. Instead, we discovered that L. reuteri avidly accumulates ET. This observation may indicate a possible mechanism by which the gut microbiota could influence tissue levels of ET in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin K Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596.,Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456
| | - Jovan Z Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596
| | - Richard M Y Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596.,Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456
| | - Pei Wen Koh
- Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596.,Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456
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19
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Yan Q, Huang H, Zhang X. In Vitro Reconstitution of a Bacterial Ergothioneine Sulfonate Catabolic Pathway. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongxiang Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xinshuai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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20
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Kim M, Jeong DW, Oh JW, Jeong HJ, Ko YJ, Park SE, Han SO. Efficient Synthesis of Food-Derived Antioxidant l-Ergothioneine by Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1516-1524. [PMID: 35088592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
l-Ergothioneine (EGT) is a strong antioxidant used in industry, and it is commonly extracted from mushrooms; however, its production is limited. As an alternative, we developed metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum with reinforced sulfur assimilation and pentose phosphate pathways, which led to the accumulation of 45.0 and 63.2 mg/L EGT, respectively. Additionally, the overexpression of cysEKR resulted in further promoted EGT production in ET4 (66.5 mg/L) and ET7 (85.0 mg/L). Based on this result, we developed the strain ET11, in which all sulfur assimilatory, PP, and l-cysteine synthetic pathways were reinforced, and it synthesized 264.4 mg/L EGT. This study presents the first strategy for EGT synthesis that does not require precursor addition in C. glutamicum, and the production time was shortened. In addition, the synthesized EGT showed high radical scavenging activity (70.7%), thus confirming its antioxidant function. Consequently, this study showed the possibility of EGT commercialization by overcoming the limitations of industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhye Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Woon Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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21
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Engineering precursor supply for the high-level production of ergothioneine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2022; 70:129-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Qiu Y, Chen Z, Su E, Wang L, Sun L, Lei P, Xu H, Li S. Recent Strategies for the Biosynthesis of Ergothioneine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13682-13690. [PMID: 34757754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (EGT) is a unique naturally occurring amino acid that is usually biosynthesized by bacteria and fungi. As a food-derived antioxidant and cytoprotectant, it has several physiological benefits and has a wide range of applications in food, medicine, and cosmetics. Traditional production of EGT is mainly through biological extraction or chemical synthesis; however, these methods are inefficient, making large-scale production to meet the growing market demand difficult. Nowadays, the rapid development of synthetic biology has greatly accelerated the research on the EGT production by microbial fermentation. In this paper, the biological characteristics, applications, biosynthesis, separation, and detection methods of EGT were fully reviewed. Furthermore, the approaches and challenges for engineering microbial cells to efficiently synthesize EGT were also discussed. This work provides new ideas and future research potentials in EGT production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Qiu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Yangzhou Rixing Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225601, P. R. China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Erzheng Su
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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23
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van der Hoek SA, Rusnák M, Jacobsen IH, Martínez JL, Kell DB, Borodina I. Engineering ergothioneine production in Yarrowia lipolytica. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:1356-1364. [PMID: 34817066 PMCID: PMC9299812 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring antioxidant that has shown potential in ameliorating neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential of the Crabtree‐negative, oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as an alternative host for ergothioneine production. We expressed the biosynthetic enzymes EGT1 from Neurospora crassa and EGT2 from Claviceps purpurea to obtain 158 mg·L−1 of ergothioneine in small‐scale cultivation, with an additional copy of each gene improving the titer to 205 mg·L−1. The effect of phosphate limitation on ergothioneine production was studied, and finally, a phosphate‐limited fed‐batch fermentation in 1 L bioreactors yielded 1.63 ± 0.04 g·L−1 ergothioneine in 220 h, corresponding to an overall volumetric productivity of 7.41 mg·L−1·h−1, showing that Y. lipolytica is a promising host for ergothioneine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A van der Hoek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Matej Rusnák
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irene Hjorth Jacobsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - José L Martínez
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas B Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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24
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Alessa O, Ogura Y, Fujitani Y, Takami H, Hayashi T, Sahin N, Tani A. Comprehensive Comparative Genomics and Phenotyping of Methylobacterium Species. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:740610. [PMID: 34737731 PMCID: PMC8561711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.740610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs), a major bacterial group found in the plant phyllosphere, comprise two genera: Methylobacterium and Methylorubrum. They have been separated into three major clades: A, B (Methylorubrum), and C. Within these genera, however, some species lack either pigmentation or methylotrophy, which raises the question of what actually defines the PPFMs. The present study employed a comprehensive comparative genomics approach to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among the PPFMs and to explain the genotypic differences that confer their different phenotypes. We newly sequenced the genomes of 29 relevant-type strains to complete a dataset for almost all validly published species in the genera. Through comparative analysis, we revealed that methylotrophy, nitrate utilization, and anoxygenic photosynthesis are hallmarks differentiating the PPFMs from the other Methylobacteriaceae. The Methylobacterium species in clade A, including the type species Methylobacterium organophilum, were phylogenetically classified into six subclades, each possessing relatively high genomic homology and shared phenotypic characteristics. One of these subclades is phylogenetically close to Methylorubrum species; this finding led us to reunite the two genera into a single genus Methylobacterium. Clade C, meanwhile, is composed of phylogenetically distinct species that share relatively higher percent G+C content and larger genome sizes, including larger numbers of secondary metabolite clusters. Most species of clade C and some of clade A have the glutathione-dependent pathway for formaldehyde oxidation in addition to the H4MPT pathway. Some species cannot utilize methanol due to their lack of MxaF-type methanol dehydrogenase (MDH), but most harbor an XoxF-type MDH that enables growth on methanol in the presence of lanthanum. The genomes of PPFMs encode between two and seven (average 3.7) genes for pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, and their phylogeny is distinctly correlated with their genomic phylogeny. All PPFMs were capable of synthesizing auxin and did not induce any immune response in rice cells. Other phenotypes including sugar utilization, antibiotic resistance, and antifungal activity correlated with their phylogenetic relationship. This study provides the first inclusive genotypic insight into the phylogeny and phenotypes of PPFMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Alessa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fujitani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideto Takami
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nurettin Sahin
- Egitim Fakultesi, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Akio Tani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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López de Heredia M, Muñoz L, Carru C, Sotgia S, Zinellu A, Serra C, Llebaria A, Kato Y, Nunes V. S-Methyl-L-Ergothioneine to L-Ergothioneine Ratio in Urine Is a Marker of Cystine Lithiasis in a Cystinuria Mouse Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091424. [PMID: 34573056 PMCID: PMC8471778 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystinuria, a rare inherited aminoaciduria condition, is characterized by the hyperexcretion of cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine. Its main clinical manifestation is cystine stone formation in the urinary tract, being responsible for 1–2% total and 6–8% pediatric lithiasis. Cystinuria patients suffer from recurrent lithiasic episodes that might end in surgical interventions, progressive renal functional deterioration, and kidney loss. Cystinuria is monitored for the presence of urinary cystine stones by crystalluria, imaging techniques or urinary cystine capacity; all with limited predicting capabilities. We analyzed blood and urine levels of the natural antioxidant L-ergothioneine in a Type B cystinuria mouse model, and urine levels of its metabolic product S-methyl-L-ergothioneine, in both male and female mice at two different ages and with different lithiasic phenotype. Urinary levels of S-methyl-L-ergothioneine showed differences related to age, gender and lithiasic phenotype. Once normalized by L-ergothioneine to account for interindividual differences, the S-methyl-L-ergothioneine to L-ergothioneine urinary ratio discriminated between cystine lithiasic phenotypes. Urine S-methyl-L-ergothioneine to L-ergothioneine ratio could be easily determined in urine and, as being capable of discriminating between cystine lithiasis phenotypes, it could be used as a lithiasis biomarker in cystinuria patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López de Heredia
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Gene, Disease and Therapy Program, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)-CB06/07/0069, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.L.d.H.); (V.N.); Tel.: +34-93-260-4706 (M.L.d.H. & V.N.)
| | - Lourdes Muñoz
- SIMChem, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.); (C.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Carmen Serra
- SIMChem, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.); (C.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- SIMChem, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.); (C.S.); (A.L.)
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Virginia Nunes
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Gene, Disease and Therapy Program, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)-CB06/07/0069, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Genetics Section, Physiological Sciences Department, Health Sciences and Medicine Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.L.d.H.); (V.N.); Tel.: +34-93-260-4706 (M.L.d.H. & V.N.)
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Discovery of lanthanide-dependent methylotrophy and screening methods for lanthanide-dependent methylotrophs. Methods Enzymol 2021; 650:1-18. [PMID: 33867018 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The lanthanide elements (Lns) affect the physiology and growth of certain microorganisms known as "Ln-responsive microorganisms." Among them, in 2011, it was first reported that strains of Methylobacterium exhibited high methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) activity when grown in the presence of Lns; the purified Ln-inducible MDH was identified as XoxF-type MDH, whose catalytic function had previously been unknown. XoxF was the first enzyme to be identified as Ln-dependent, and its function in methylotrophy is more fundamental and important than that of the corresponding Ca2+-dependent MDH MxaFI. XoxF is encoded in the genomes of methylotrophic as well as non-methylotrophic bacteria. Thus, Lns are among the most fascinating and important growth factors for bacteria that potentially utilize methanol. Bacteria that require Lns for methanol growth are called "Ln-dependent methylotrophs." Recent findings indicate that these microorganisms comprise an "Ln-dependent ecosystem" that we have not been able to reconstruct under laboratory conditions without Lns. In this chapter, we summarize methods for (1) screening of Ln-responsive microorganisms, (2) purification of native XoxFs from Ln-dependent methylotrophs, and (3) screening of Ln-dependent methylotrophs from natural environments, while providing a history of the discovery of the Ln-dependent methylotrophs.
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Han Y, Tang X, Zhang Y, Hu X, Ren LJ. The current status of biotechnological production and the application of a novel antioxidant ergothioneine. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:580-593. [PMID: 33550854 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1869692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine is a sulfur-containing histidine derivative, that possessesexcellent antioxidant activity and has been used in the food and cosmetics industries. It plays a significant role in anti-aging and the prevention of various diseases. This review will briefly introduce the functions and applications of ergothioneine, elaborate the biosynthetic pathways of ergothioneine and describe several strategies to increase the production of ergothioneine. Then the efficient extraction and detection methods of ergothioneine will be presented. Finally, several proposals are put forward to increase the yield of ergothioneine, and the development prospects of ergothioneine will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Han
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyang Tang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechao Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu TianKai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Muramatsu H, Maguchi H, Harada T, Kashiwagi T, Kim CS, Kato SI, Nagata S. Identification of the gene encoding 3-(5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-yl) propionic acid desulfhydrase in Burkholderia sp. HME13. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 85:626-629. [DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Here, we report the identification of the gene encoding a novel enzyme, 3-(5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-yl) propionic acid desulfhydrase, in Burkholderia sp. HME13. The enzyme converts 3-(5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-yl) propionic acid and H2O to 3-(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl) propionic acid and H2S. Amino acid sequence analysis of the enzyme indicates that it belongs to the DUF917 protein family, which consists of proteins of unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Muramatsu
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Maguchi
- Department of Agriculture, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Taisuke Harada
- Department of Agriculture, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kashiwagi
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Chul-Sa Kim
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kato
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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Borodina I, Kenny LC, McCarthy CM, Paramasivan K, Pretorius E, Roberts TJ, van der Hoek SA, Kell DB. The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:190-217. [PMID: 32051057 PMCID: PMC7653990 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual thio-histidine betaine amino acid that has potent antioxidant activities. It is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively. Animals have evolved a highly selective transporter for it, known as solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4) in humans, signifying its importance, and ERG may even have the status of a vitamin. ERG accumulates differentially in various tissues, according to their expression of SLC22A4, favouring those such as erythrocytes that may be subject to oxidative stress. Mushroom or ERG consumption seems to provide significant prevention against oxidative stress in a large variety of systems. ERG seems to have strong cytoprotective status, and its concentration is lowered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been passed as safe by regulatory agencies, and may have value as a nutraceutical and antioxidant more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL8 7SS, UK
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kalaivani Paramasivan
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Roberts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
| | - Steven A. van der Hoek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
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Yu YH, Pan HY, Guo LQ, Lin JF, Liao HL, Li HY. Successful biosynthesis of natural antioxidant ergothioneine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae required only two genes from Grifola frondosa. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:164. [PMID: 32811496 PMCID: PMC7437059 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ergothioneine (EGT) has a unique antioxidant ability and diverse beneficial effects on human health. But the content of EGT is very low in its natural producing organisms such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and mushrooms. Therefore, it is necessary to highly efficient heterologous production of EGT in food-grade yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results Two EGT biosynthetic genes were cloned from the mushroom Grifola frondosa and successfully heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118 strain in this study. By optimization of the fermentation conditions of the engineered strain S. cerevisiae EC1118, the 11.80 mg/L of EGT production was obtained. With daily addition of 1% glycerol to the culture medium in the fermentation process, the EGT production of the engineered strain S. cerevisiae EC1118 can reach up to 20.61 mg/L. Conclusion A successful EGT de novo biosynthetic system of S. cerevisiae containing only two genes from mushroom Grifola frondosa was developed in this study. This system provides promising prospects for the large scales production of EGT for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hong-Yu Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Han-Lu Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao-Ying Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Kamide T, Takusagawa S, Tanaka N, Ogasawara Y, Kawano Y, Ohtsu I, Satoh Y, Dairi T. High Production of Ergothioneine in Escherichia coli using the Sulfoxide Synthase from Methylobacterium strains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6390-6394. [PMID: 32436380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We previously constructed a heterologous production system for ergothioneine (ERG) in Escherichia coli using five ERG biosynthesis genes (egtABCDE) from Mycobacterium smegmatis. However, significant amounts of hercynine (HER), an intermediate of ERG, as ERG were accumulated, suggesting that the reaction of EgtB catalyzing the attachment of γ-glutamylcysteine (γGC) to HER to yield hercynyl-γ-glutamylcysteine sulfoxide was a bottleneck. In this study, we searched for other EgtBs and found many egtB orthologs in diverse microorganisms. Among these, Methylobacterium strains possessed EgtBs that catalyze the direct conversion of HER into hercynylcysteine sulfoxide with l-cysteine (l-Cys) as a sulfur donor, in a manner similar to those of acidobacterial CthEgtB and fungal Egt1. An in vitro study with recombinant EgtBs from Methylobacterium brachiatum and Methylobacterium pseudosasicola clearly showed that both enzymes accepted l-Cys but not γGC. We reconstituted the ERG production system in E. coli with egtB from M. pseudosasicola; ERG productivity reached 657 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kamide
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shun Takusagawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Tanaka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Satoh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tohru Dairi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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Yanpirat P, Nakatsuji Y, Hiraga S, Fujitani Y, Izumi T, Masuda S, Mitsui R, Nakagawa T, Tani A. Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol and Formaldehyde Oxidation in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060822. [PMID: 32486139 PMCID: PMC7356819 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lanthanides (Ln) are an essential cofactor for XoxF-type methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs) in Gram-negative methylotrophs. The Ln3+ dependency of XoxF has expanded knowledge and raised new questions in methylotrophy, including the differences in characteristics of XoxF-type MDHs, their regulation, and the methylotrophic metabolism including formaldehyde oxidation. In this study, we genetically identified one set of Ln3+- and Ca2+-dependent MDHs (XoxF1 and MxaFI), that are involved in methylotrophy, and an ExaF-type Ln3+-dependent ethanol dehydrogenase, among six MDH-like genes in Methylobacterium aquaticum strain 22A. We also identified the causative mutations in MxbD, a sensor kinase necessary for mxaF expression and xoxF1 repression, for suppressive phenotypes in xoxF1 mutants defective in methanol growth even in the absence of Ln3+. Furthermore, we examined the phenotypes of a series of formaldehyde oxidation-pathway mutants (fae1, fae2, mch in the tetrahydromethanopterin (H4MPT) pathway and hgd in the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (GSH) pathway). We found that MxaF produces formaldehyde to a toxic level in the absence of the formaldehyde oxidation pathways and that either XoxF1 or ExaF can oxidize formaldehyde to alleviate formaldehyde toxicity in vivo. Furthermore, the GSH pathway has a supportive role for the net formaldehyde oxidation in addition to the H4MPT pathway that has primary importance. Studies on methylotrophy in Methylobacterium species have a long history, and this study provides further insights into genetic and physiological diversity and the differences in methylotrophy within the plant-colonizing methylotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcha Yanpirat
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (P.Y.); (Y.N.); (S.H.); (Y.F.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Yukari Nakatsuji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (P.Y.); (Y.N.); (S.H.); (Y.F.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Shota Hiraga
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (P.Y.); (Y.N.); (S.H.); (Y.F.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Yoshiko Fujitani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (P.Y.); (Y.N.); (S.H.); (Y.F.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Terumi Izumi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (P.Y.); (Y.N.); (S.H.); (Y.F.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Sachiko Masuda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (P.Y.); (Y.N.); (S.H.); (Y.F.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
- Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryoji Mitsui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Tomoyuki Nakagawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
- The Graduate School of Natural Sciences and Technologies, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akio Tani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (P.Y.); (Y.N.); (S.H.); (Y.F.); (T.I.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of a Bacterial Endophyte, Methylobacterium radiotolerans MAMP 4754, Isolated from Combretum erythrophyllum Seeds. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:9483670. [PMID: 32184829 PMCID: PMC7060864 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9483670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the isolation and identification of Methylobacterium radiotolerans MAMP 4754 from the seeds of the medicinal plant, Combretum erythrophyllum, for the purposes of investigating antimicrobial and antioxidant activities from this endophyte. The strain identity was confirmed by 16S rRNA-based phylogeny and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Ethyl acetate and chloroform (1 : 1 v/v) extracts from the endophyte were tested for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity on a total of 7 bacterial species (3 Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative) using the standard Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) protocol and Quantitative Radical Scavenging activity using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. The MICs were recorded at 250 μg/mL for B. subtilis ATCC 19659, B. cereus ATCC 1076, E. coli ATCC1053, and 62.5 μg/mL for K. oxytoca ATCC 13182 and M. smegmatis ATCC 21293, while an IC50 of 5.65 μg/mL was recorded with the DPPH assay. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed the presence of 9-octadecene, 2,4-dinitrophenyl acetate, and 2(5H)-furanone, which have been previously reported for the targeted activities. M. radiotolerans MAMP 4754 tested positive for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and this is linked to the production of plant-derived secondary metabolites by this strain.
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Muramatsu H, Miyaoku H, Kurita S, Matsuo H, Kashiwagi T, Kim CS, Hayashi M, Yamamoto H, Kato SI, Nagata S. Gene cloning and characterization of thiourocanate hydratase from Burkholderia sp. HME13. J Biochem 2019; 167:333-341. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractA novel enzyme, thiourocanate hydratase, which catalyses the conversion of thiourocanic acid to 3-(5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-yl) propionic acid, was isolated from the ergothioneine-utilizing strain, Burkholderia sp. HME13. When the HME13 cells were cultured in medium containing ergothioneine as the sole nitrogen source, thiourocanate-metabolizing activity was detected in the crude extract from the cells. However, activity was not detected in the crude extract from HME13 cells that were cultured in Luria-Bertani medium. The gene encoding thiourocanate hydratase was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 55°C and was stable between pH 5.0 and 10.5, and at temperatures up to 45°C. The Km and Vmax values of thiourocanate hydratase towards thiourocanic acid were 30 μM and 7.1 μmol/min/mg, respectively. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by CuCl2 and HgCl2. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed 46% identity to urocanase from Pseudomonas putida, but thiourocanate hydratase had no urocanase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Muramatsu
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Haruna Miyaoku
- Department of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Syuya Kurita
- Department of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsuo
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kashiwagi
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Chul-Sa Kim
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Motoko Hayashi
- Corporate Research Center, R&D Headquaters Management, Daicel Corporation 1-1 Shinko-cho, Myoko, shi, Niigata 944-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamamoto
- Corporate Research Center, R&D Headquaters Management, Daicel Corporation 1-1 Shinko-cho, Myoko, shi, Niigata 944-8550, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kato
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
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van der Hoek SA, Darbani B, Zugaj KE, Prabhala BK, Biron MB, Randelovic M, Medina JB, Kell DB, Borodina I. Engineering the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the Production of L-(+)-Ergothioneine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:262. [PMID: 31681742 PMCID: PMC6797849 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
L-(+)-Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual, naturally occurring antioxidant nutraceutical that has been shown to help reduce cellular oxidative damage. Humans do not biosynthesise ERG, but acquire it from their diet; it exploits a specific transporter (SLC22A4) for its uptake. ERG is considered to be a nutraceutical and possible vitamin that is involved in the maintenance of health, and seems to be at too low a concentration in several diseases in vivo. Ergothioneine is thus a potentially useful dietary supplement. Present methods of commercial production rely on extraction from natural sources or on chemical synthesis. Here we describe the engineering of the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce ergothioneine by fermentation in defined media. After integrating combinations of ERG biosynthetic pathways from different organisms, we screened yeast strains for their production of ERG. The highest-producing strain was also engineered with known ergothioneine transporters. The effect of amino acid supplementation of the medium was investigated and the nitrogen metabolism of S. cerevisiae was altered by knock-out of TOR1 or YIH1. We also optimized the media composition using fractional factorial methods. Our optimal strategy led to a titer of 598 ± 18 mg/L ergothioneine in fed-batch culture in 1 L bioreactors. Because S. cerevisiae is a GRAS ("generally recognized as safe") organism that is widely used for nutraceutical production, this work provides a promising process for the biosynthetic production of ERG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. van der Hoek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Behrooz Darbani
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karolina E. Zugaj
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bala Krishna Prabhala
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathias Bernfried Biron
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Milica Randelovic
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jacqueline B. Medina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Tola YH, Fujitani Y, Tani A. Bacteria with natural chemotaxis towards methanol revealed by chemotaxis fishing technique. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2163-2171. [PMID: 31272289 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1637715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Motile bacteria often exhibit chemotaxis toward favorable compounds. However, the diversity of bacteria that are attracted to a given substance is largely unknown. This study aimed to reveal the diversity of bacteria with natural chemotaxis towards methanol. We tried to enrich environmental chemotactic bacteria using a glass capillary that is half-filled with methanol solidified with agarose as a trap ("chemotaxis fishing"). The pilot experiment using methanol-chemotactic Methylobacterium aquaticum strain 22A enriched the cells by 46-fold. The method was then applied to bacterial suspensions from paddy water and plants. Depending on the isolation sources and the methods of motility induction, methylotrophic bacteria were enriched 1.2-330-fold. The fished isolates belong to 32 species in 18 genera, mainly containing Acinetobacter, Methylobacterium and Pseudomonas species. Our chemotaxis fishing unveiled a part of diversity of the bacteria with natural chemotaxis towards methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Hamba Tola
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University , Kurashiki , Okayama Japan.,Africa-ai-Japan Project at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology , Nairobi , Kenya.,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Yoshiko Fujitani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University , Kurashiki , Okayama Japan
| | - Akio Tani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University , Kurashiki , Okayama Japan
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Tanaka N, Kawano Y, Satoh Y, Dairi T, Ohtsu I. Gram-scale fermentative production of ergothioneine driven by overproduction of cysteine in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1895. [PMID: 30760790 PMCID: PMC6374457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG), a unique thiol compound, is suggested to function as an antioxidant and cytoprotectant. Despite several recent attempts to produce ERG using various organisms, its yield was still very low and the costs remained high. Since the level of ERG produced depends strictly on the availability of three distinct precursor amino acids (l-cysteine (Cys), l-histidine, and l-methionine (Met)), metabolic engineering for enhancement of the flux toward ERG biosynthesis is required. Herein, we took advantage of a high-Cys production system using Escherichia coli cells, in which Cys biosynthesis and excretion were activated, and applied it to the fermentative production of ERG from glucose. The Cys overproduction in E. coli cells carrying the egtBCDE genes from Mycobacterium smegmatis was effective for ERG production. Furthermore, coexpression of the egtA gene, which encodes γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase that synthesizes the γ-glutamylcysteine used as a sulfur source of ERG biosynthesis, enhanced ERG production even though E. coli intrinsically has γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Additionally, disruption of the metJ gene that encodes the transcriptional repressor involved in Met metabolism was effective in further increasing the production of ERG. Finally, we succeeded in the high-level production of 1.31 g/L ERG in a fed-batch culture process using a jar fermenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Tanaka
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Satoh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 & W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tohru Dairi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 & W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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Genomic characterization of methylotrophy of Oharaeibacter diazotrophicus strain SM30T. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:667-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Takusagawa S, Satoh Y, Ohtsu I, Dairi T. Ergothioneine production with Aspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:181-184. [PMID: 30286703 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1527210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To establish a reliable and practical ergothioneine (ERG) supply, we employed fermentative ERG production using Aspergillus oryzae, a fungus used for food production. We heterologously overexpressed the egt-1 and -2 genes of Neurospora crassa in A. oryzae and succeeded in producing ERG (231.0 mg/kg of media, which was 20 times higher than the wild type). Abbreviations: ERG: ergothioneine; HER: hercynine; Cys-HER: hercynylcysteine-sulfoxide; SAM: S-adenosylmethionine; SAH: S-adenosylhomocysteine; l-His: l-histidine; l-Cys: l-cysteine; LC-ESI-MS: liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Takusagawa
- a Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Yasuharu Satoh
- b Graduate School of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- c Innovation Medical Research Institute , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Tohru Dairi
- b Graduate School of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan
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40
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Fujitani Y, Alamgir KM, Tani A. Ergothioneine production using Methylobacterium species, yeast, and fungi. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:715-722. [PMID: 29910189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (EGT) is a sulfur-containing, anti-oxidative amino acid derived from histidine. EGT is synthesized in bacteria and fungi but not in animals and plants, and is now recognized as important for human health. Its cost-effective fermentative production has not been elucidated due to the lack of information for productive microorganisms. In this study, we doubled the gene copy for EGT synthesis and deleted the histidine ammonia-lyase gene in a potent EGT-producing methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium aquaticum strain 22A, and optimized its culture conditions, resulting in increased EGT production of 7.0 mg EGT/g dry cell weight and 100 μg EGT/5 mL/7 days. In addition, through screening we found EGT-producing eukaryotic strains of Aureobasidium pullulans and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, which can produce 1.0 and 3.2 mg EGT/g dry cell weight, 70 and 120 μg EGT/5 mL/7 days, respectively. This study proposes practical uses of potent EGT-producing recombinant Methylobacterium species and non-recombinant yeast and fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Fujitani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kabir Md Alamgir
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Akio Tani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
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41
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Misson L, Burn R, Vit A, Hildesheim J, Beliaeva MA, Blankenfeldt W, Seebeck FP. Inhibition and Regulation of the Ergothioneine Biosynthetic Methyltransferase EgtD. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1333-1342. [PMID: 29658702 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine is an emerging factor in cellular redox homeostasis in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Reports that ergothioneine biosynthesis may be important for the pathogenicity of bacteria and fungi raise the question as to how this pathway is regulated and whether the corresponding enzymes may be therapeutic targets. The first step in ergothioneine biosynthesis is catalyzed by the methyltransferase EgtD that converts histidine into N-α-trimethylhistidine. This report examines the kinetic, thermodynamic and structural basis for substrate, product, and inhibitor binding by EgtD from Mycobacterium smegmatis. This study reveals an unprecedented substrate binding mechanism and a fine-tuned affinity landscape as determinants for product specificity and product inhibition. Both properties are evolved features that optimize the function of EgtD in the context of cellular ergothioneine production. On the basis of these findings, we developed a series of simple histidine derivatives that inhibit methyltransferase activity at low micromolar concentrations. Crystal structures of inhibited complexes validate this structure- and mechanism-based design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Misson
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Burn
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Allegra Vit
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Hildesheim
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mariia A. Beliaeva
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, Switzerland
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Meyer F, Keller P, Hartl J, Gröninger OG, Kiefer P, Vorholt JA. Methanol-essential growth of Escherichia coli. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1508. [PMID: 29666370 PMCID: PMC5904121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol represents an attractive substrate for biotechnological applications. Utilization of reduced one-carbon compounds for growth is currently limited to methylotrophic organisms, and engineering synthetic methylotrophy remains a major challenge. Here we apply an in silico-guided multiple knockout approach to engineer a methanol-essential Escherichia coli strain, which contains the ribulose monophosphate cycle for methanol assimilation. Methanol conversion to biomass was stoichiometrically coupled to the metabolization of gluconate and the designed strain was subjected to laboratory evolution experiments. Evolved strains incorporate up to 24% methanol into core metabolites under a co-consumption regime and utilize methanol at rates comparable to natural methylotrophs. Genome sequencing reveals mutations in genes coding for glutathione-dependent formaldehyde oxidation (frmA), NAD(H) homeostasis/biosynthesis (nadR), phosphopentomutase (deoB), and gluconate metabolism (gntR). This study demonstrates a successful metabolic re-routing linked to a heterologous pathway to achieve methanol-dependent growth and represents a crucial step in generating a fully synthetic methylotrophic organism. Engineering synthetic methylotrophy remains challenging. Here, the authors engineer a methanol-essential E. coli by an in silico-guided multiple knockout approach and show a laboratory evolved strain can incorporate up to 24% methanol into core metabolites during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Meyer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Keller
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Hartl
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Olivier G Gröninger
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Kiefer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Julia A Vorholt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
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Kerley RN, McCarthy C, Kell DB, Kenny LC. The potential therapeutic effects of ergothioneine in pre-eclampsia. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:145-157. [PMID: 29284116 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG), is a water-soluble amino acid that is derived entirely from dietary sources. It has received much attention as a therapeutic agent due to its anti-oxidant properties, and there are claims of preferential accumulation within high oxidative stress organs. Pre-eclampsia, a condition accompanied by increased oxidative stress, is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Despite intense research efforts, its aetiologies remain somewhat unclear and there are still no effective treatment options. Clinical trials of the anti-oxidants vitamin C and vitamin E have proven largely ineffective with little improvement in clinical outcome or even a negative response. This could be explained in part by their inability to permeate the plasma and mitochondrial membranes and scavenge mitochondria-derived superoxide species, and for the former by the fact that it is actually a pro-oxidant in the presence of unliganded iron. ERG accumulates within tissues through the action of a specific organic cation transporter, SLC22A4 (previously referred to as OCTN1), which is possibly also expressed in mammalian mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of vascular diseases including pre-eclampsia. This review discusses the use of ERG as a possibly mitochondrial-targeted anti-oxidant, focusing on its physical properties, potential mechanisms of action, safety profile and administration in relation to pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Kerley
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE L-ergothioneine is synthesized in actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, methylobacteria, and some fungi. In contrast to other low-molecular-weight redox buffers, glutathione and mycothiol, ergothioneine is primarily present as a thione rather than a thiol at physiological pH, which makes it resistant to autoxidation. Ergothioneine regulates microbial physiology and enables the survival of microbes under stressful conditions encountered in their natural environments. In particular, ergothioneine enables pathogenic microbes, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), to withstand hostile environments within the host to establish infection. Recent Advances: Ergothioneine has been reported to maintain bioenergetic homeostasis in Mtb and protect Mtb against oxidative stresses, thereby enhancing the virulence of Mtb in a mouse model. Furthermore, ergothioneine augments the resistance of Mtb to current frontline anti-TB drugs. Recently, an opportunistic fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus, which infects immunocompromised individuals, has been found to produce ergothioneine, which is important in conidial health and germination, and contributes to the fungal resistance against redox stresses. CRITICAL ISSUES The molecular mechanisms of the functions of ergothioneine in microbial physiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. It is currently not known if ergothioneine is used in detoxification or antioxidant enzymatic pathways. As ergothioneine is involved in bioenergetic and redox homeostasis and antibiotic susceptibility of Mtb, it is of utmost importance to advance our understanding of these mechanisms. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A clear understanding of the role of ergothioneine in microbes will advance our knowledge of how this thione enhances microbial virulence and resistance to the host's defense mechanisms to avoid complete eradication. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 431-444.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna C Chinta
- 2 Deptartment of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vineel P Reddy
- 2 Deptartment of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adrie J C Steyn
- 1 Africa Health Research Institute , Durban, South Africa .,2 Deptartment of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,3 UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Tang RMY, Cheah IKM, Yew TSK, Halliwell B. Distribution and accumulation of dietary ergothioneine and its metabolites in mouse tissues. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1601. [PMID: 29371632 PMCID: PMC5785509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
L-ergothioneine (ET) is a diet-derived amino acid that accumulates at high concentrations in animals and humans. Numerous studies have highlighted its antioxidant abilities in vitro, and possible cytoprotective capabilities in vivo. We investigated the uptake and distribution of ET in various organs by a highly sensitive and specific liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique, both before and after oral administration of pure ET (35 and 70 mg/kg/day for 1, 7, and 28 days) to male C57BL6J mice. ET primarily concentrates in the liver and whole blood, and also in spleen, kidney, lung, heart, intestines, eye, and brain tissues. Strong correlations were found between ET and its putative metabolites - hercynine, ET-sulfonate (ET-SO3H), and S-methyl ET. Hercynine accumulates in the brain after prolonged ET administration. This study demonstrates the uptake and distribution of ET and provides a foundation for future studies with ET to target oxidative damage in a range of tissues in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ming Yi Tang
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irwin Kee-Mun Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terry Shze Keong Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore.
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Lanthanide-Dependent Regulation of Methylotrophy in Methylobacteriumaquaticum Strain 22A. mSphere 2018; 3:mSphere00462-17. [PMID: 29404411 PMCID: PMC5784242 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00462-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylobacterium species are representative of methylotrophic bacteria. Their genomes usually encode two types of methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs): MxaF and XoxF. The former is a Ca2+-dependent enzyme, and the latter was recently determined to be a lanthanide-dependent enzyme that is necessary for the expression of mxaF. This finding revealed the unexpected and important roles of lanthanides in bacterial methylotrophy. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis using M. aquaticum strain 22A grown in the presence of different lanthanides. Expression of mxaF and xoxF1 genes showed a clear inverse correlation in response to La3+. We observed downregulation of formaldehyde oxidation pathways, high formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and low accumulation of formaldehyde in the reaction with cells grown in the presence of La3+; this might be due to the direct oxidation of methanol to formate by XoxF1. Lanthanides induced the transcription of AT-rich genes, the function of most of which was unknown, and genes possibly related to cellular survival, as well as other MDH homologues. These results revealed not only the metabolic response toward altered primary methanol oxidation, but also the possible targets to be investigated further in order to better understand methylotrophy in the presence of lanthanides. IMPORTANCE Lanthanides have been considered unimportant for biological processes. In methylotrophic bacteria, however, a methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) encoded by xoxF was recently found to be lanthanide dependent, while the classic-type mxaFI is calcium dependent. XoxF-type MDHs are more widespread in diverse bacterial genera, suggesting their importance for methylotrophy. Methylobacterium species, representative methylotrophic and predominating alphaproteobacteria in the phyllosphere, contain both types and regulate their expression depending on the availability of lanthanides. RNA-seq analysis showed that the regulation takes place not only for MDH genes but also the subsequent formaldehyde oxidation pathways and respiratory chain, which might be due to the direct oxidation of methanol to formate by XoxF. In addition, a considerable number of genes of unknown function, including AT-rich genes, were found to be upregulated in the presence of lanthanides. This study provides first insights into the specific reaction of methylotrophic bacteria to the presence of lanthanides, emphasizing the biological relevance of this trace metal.
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Illumina sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA reveals seasonal and species-specific variation in bacterial communities in four moss species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6739-6753. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lv H, Masuda S, Fujitani Y, Sahin N, Tani A. Oharaeibacter diazotrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a diazotrophic and facultatively methylotrophic bacterium, isolated from rice rhizosphere. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:576-582. [PMID: 27902265 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel facultatively methanol-utilizing bacterial strain, SM30T, was isolated from rice rhizosphere. Strain SM30T was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, short rods, and grew optimally at pH 7 and at 28 °C. It could tolerate 0 to 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain SM30T was most closely related to Pleomorphomonas oryzae DSM 16300T, with a low similarity of 94.17 %. One of the lanthanide metals, lanthanum, could enhance its growth slightly on methanol. Phylogenetic trees, based on the mxaF, xoxF and cpn60 genes of SM30T showed its distinct phylogenetic position with respect to species with validly published names. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the nifH and growth on nitrogen-free medium indicated that strain SM30T is a diazotroph. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (containing 18 : 1ω7c and 18 : 1ω6c) and cyclo 19 : 0ω8c. The major quinone was ubiquinone 10. The DNA G+C content was 74.6 mol%. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain SM30T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Oharaeibacter diazotrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain SM30T (=NBRC 111955T=DSM 102969T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Lv
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Masuda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fujitani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nurettin Sahin
- Egitim Fakultesi, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48170 Kotekli, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Akio Tani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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