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Dimaria G, Sicilia A, Modica F, Russo M, Bazzano MC, Massimino ME, Piero ARL, Bella P, Catara V. Biocontrol efficacy of Pseudomonas mediterranea PVCT 3C against Plenodomus tracheiphilus: In vitro and in planta mechanisms at early disease stages. Microbiol Res 2024; 287:127833. [PMID: 39032265 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the biocontrol activity of the P. mediterranea strain PVCT 3C against Mal secco, a severe disease of citrus caused by the vascular fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus. In vitro, bacterial diffusible compounds, volatile organic compounds and culture filtrates produced by PVCT 3C reduced the mycelial growth and conidial germination of P. tracheiphilus, also affecting the mycelial pigmentation. The application of bacterial suspensions by leaf-spraying before the inoculation with the pathogen on plants of the highly susceptible species sour orange and lemon led to an overall reduction in incidence and disease index, above all during the early disease stage. PVCT 3C genome was subjected to whole-genome shotgun sequencing to study the molecular mechanisms of action of this strain. In silico annotation of biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites revealed the presence of numerous clusters encoding antimicrobial compounds (e.g. cyclic lipopeptides, hydrogen cyanide, siderophores) and candidate novel products. During the asymptomatic disease phase (seven days post-inoculation), bacterial treatments interfered with the expression of different fungal genes, as assessed with an NGS and de novo assembly RNA-seq approach. These results suggest that P. mediterranea PVCT 3C or its secondary metabolites may offer a potential effective and sustainable alternative to contain P. tracheiphilus infections via integrated management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Dimaria
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Angelo Sicilia
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Francesco Modica
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania 95123, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Elena Massimino
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Angela Roberta Lo Piero
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bella
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Vittoria Catara
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania 95123, Italy.
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Sierra-Garcia IN, Ferreira MJ, Granada CE, Patinha C, Cunha Â. Rhizobacterial diversity of Portuguese olive cultivars in the Douro valley and their potential as plant growth promoters. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae220. [PMID: 39179419 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of two traditional Portuguese olive cultivars, Cobrançosa and Negrinha de Freixo, in relation to soil properties. Additionally, we aimed to isolate and identify bacteria with potential for biocontrol and other plant growth-promoting traits from these rhizosphere communities. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacterial communities in the olive rhizosphere were investigated using a metabarcoding approach and the soil physicochemical properties of the olive groves were also analyzed. Higher bacterial richness was associated with Negrinha de Freixo growing in soil with high organic matter content and water-holding capacity. In contrast, the soils of the Cobrançosa grove presented higher pH and electric conductivity. Negrinha de Freixo rhizosphere was enriched with ASVs (Amplicon Sequence Variants) belonging to Bacillus, Gaiella, Acidothermus, Bradyrhizobium, and uncultured Xanthobacteraceae. On the other hand, the Cobrançosa rhizosphere was characterized by higher relative abundance of Streptomyces and Sphingomonas. Bacterial isolation from the rhizosphere and screening for plant growth-promoting activities were also performed. Six bacteria strains, predominantly Bacillus isolated from Negrinha de Freixo, demonstrated antagonistic activities against the olive fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporoides and other plant growth promotion (PGP) traits. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with olive trees is shaped by both plant cultivar and soil-related factors. The higher number of bacterial species in the rhizosphere of Negrinha de Freixo was related to a higher organic matter content and a greater abundance of isolates with plant growth promotion traits, particularly Bacillus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N Sierra-Garcia
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ferreira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Camille E Granada
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91.501-970, Brazil
| | - Carla Patinha
- Department of Geosciences and Geobiotec, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
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Anzuay MS, Chiatti MH, Intelangelo AB, Ludueña LM, Viso NP, Angelini JG, Taurian T. Employment of pqqE gene as molecular marker for the traceability of Gram negative phosphate solubilizing bacteria associated to plants. Curr Genet 2024; 70:12. [PMID: 39093429 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-024-01296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Insoluble phosphorous compounds solubilization by soil bacteria is of great relevance since it puts available the phosphorus to be used by plants. The production of organic acids is the main microbiological mechanism by which insoluble inorganic phosphorus compounds are solubilized. In Gram negative bacteria, gluconic acid is synthesized by the activity of the holoenzyme glucose dehydrogenase-pyrroloquinoline quinine named GDH-PQQ. The use of marker genes is a very useful tool to evaluate the persistence of the introduced bacteria and allow to follow-up the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on these beneficial microorganisms in the soil. In previous studies we detected the presence of the pqqE gene in a great percentage of both non-culturable and culturable native soil bacteria. The objective of this study was to analyze the phylogeny of the sequence of pqqE gene and its potential for the study of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from pure and mixed bacterial cultures and rhizospheric soil samples. For this, the presence of the pqqE gene in the genome of phosphate solubilizing bacteria that belong to several bacteria was determined by PCR. Also, this gene was analyzed from mixed bacterial cultures and rhizospheric soil associated to peanut plants inoculated or not with phosphate solubilizing bacteria. For this, degenerate primers designed from several bacterial genera and specific primers for the genus Pseudomonas spp., designed in this study, were used. DNA template used from simple or mixed bacterial cultures and from rhizospheric soil samples was obtained using two different DNA extraction techniques. Results indicated that pqqE gene amplification product was found in the genome of all Gram negative phosphate solubilizing bacteria analyzed. It was possible to detect this gene in the DNA obtained from mixed cultures where these bacteria grew in interaction with other microorganisms and in that obtained from rhizospheric soil samples inoculated or not with these bacteria. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that pqqE gene is a conserved gene within related genera. In conclusion, pqqE gene could be a potential marker for the study of phosphate solubilizing bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Anzuay
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (CONICET-UNRC), Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Mario Hernán Chiatti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (CONICET-UNRC), Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | | | | | - Natalia Pin Viso
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, IMyZA, IABiMo, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Tania Taurian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (CONICET-UNRC), Río Cuarto, Argentina.
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, 5800, Argentina.
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Marques M, Sierra-Garcia IN, Leitão F, Martins J, Patinha C, Pinto G, Cunha Â. Rhizosphere-xylem sap connections in the olive tree microbiome: implications for biostimulation approaches. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae152. [PMID: 38906841 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Climate change is endangering olive groves. Farmers are adapting by exploring new varieties of olive trees and examining the role of microbiomes in plant health.The main objectives of this work were to determine the primary factors that influence the microbiome of olive trees and to analyze the connection between the rhizosphere and endosphere compartments. METHODS AND RESULTS The rhizosphere and xylem sap microbiomes of two olive tree varieties were characterized by next-generation 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and soil descriptors were analyzed. Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of olive trees were more diverse than those found in the xylem sap. Pseudomonadota, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Bacillota were the dominant phyla in both compartments. At the genus level, only very few taxa were shared between soil and sap bacterial communities. CONCLUSIONS The composition of the bacteriome was more affected by the plant compartment than by the olive cultivar or soil properties, and a direct route from the rhizosphere to the endosphere could not be confirmed. The large number of plant growth-promoting bacteria found in both compartments provides promising prospects for improving agricultural outcomes through microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Marques
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - I Natalia Sierra-Garcia
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Frederico Leitão
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
- Department of Geosciences & Geobiotec, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Carla Patinha
- Department of Geosciences & Geobiotec, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Glória Pinto
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
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Ali AO, Awla HK, Rashid TS. Investigating the in vivo biocontrol and growth-promoting efficacy of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens against olive knot disease. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106645. [PMID: 38631412 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Olive knot disease, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi, poses a significant threat to olive cultivation, necessitating sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical control. This study investigates the biocontrol effectiveness of Bacillus sp. (Og2) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Oq5), alone and combined, against olive knot disease. Olive plants were sprayed with 5 ml of the bacteria until uniformly wet, with additional application to the soil surface. Pathogen injection occurred 24 h later. The results revealed that treating plants with a combination of both bacteria provided the highest reduction in disease severity (89.58 %), followed by P. fluorescens alone (69.38 %). Significant improvements were observed in shoot height, particularly with the combination of Bacillus sp. and P. fluorescens. The root length of olive seedlings treated with P. fluorescens and Bacillus sp., either alone or in combination, was significantly longer compared to the control and pathogen-treated seedlings. In terms of root dry weight, the most effective treatments were treated with P. fluorescens was the highest (82.94 g) among all treatments followed by the combination of both isolates with seedlings inoculated with P. savastanoi. These findings underscore the potential of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens as effective biocontrol agents against olive knot disease and promoting olive seedlings growth, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avin Omer Ali
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Tavga Sulaiman Rashid
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq.
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Bozorov TA, Toshmatov ZO, Kahar G, Muhammad SM, Liu X, Zhang D, Aytenov IS, Turakulov KS. Uncovering the antifungal activities of wild apple-associated bacteria against two canker-causing fungi, Cytospora mali and C. parasitica. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6307. [PMID: 38491079 PMCID: PMC10943224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytospora canker has become a devastating disease of apple species worldwide, and in severe cases, it may cause dieback of entire trees. The aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of cultivable bacteria from the wild apple microbiota and to determine their antifungal ability against the canker-causing pathogenic fungi Cytospora mali and C. parasitica. Five bacterial strains belonging to the species Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. atrophaeus, B. methylotrophicus, B. mojavensis, and Pseudomonas synxantha showed strong antagonistic effects against pathogenic fungi. Therefore, since the abovementioned Bacillus species produce known antifungal compounds, we characterized the antifungal compounds produced by Ps. synxantha. Bacteria grown on nutritional liquid medium were dehydrated, and the active compound from the crude extract was isolated and analysed via a range of chromatographic processes. High-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed a bioactive antifungal compound, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) demonstrated that PCA inhibited mycelial growth, with a MIC of 10 mg mL-1. The results suggested that PCA could be used as a potential compound to control C. mali and C. malicola, and it is a potential alternative for postharvest control of canker disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohir A Bozorov
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China.
- Xinjiang Key Lab of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, 830011, China.
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
| | - Zokir O Toshmatov
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Lab of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Gulnaz Kahar
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Lab of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
| | - Surayya M Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Lab of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Lab of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China.
- Xinjiang Key Lab of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, 830011, China.
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China.
| | - Ilkham S Aytenov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Khurshid S Turakulov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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Díaz-Díaz M, Antón-Domínguez BI, Raya MC, Bernal-Cabrera A, Medina-Marrero R, Trapero A, Agustí-Brisach C. Streptomyces spp. Strains as Potential Biological Control Agents against Verticillium Wilt of Olive. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:138. [PMID: 38392810 PMCID: PMC10890128 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) caused by Verticillium dahliae is considered a major olive (Olea europaea) disease in Mediterranean-type climate regions. The lack of effective chemical products against VWO makes it necessary to search for alternatives such as biological control. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of six Streptomyces spp. strains as biological control agents (BCAs) against VWO. All of them were molecularly characterized by sequencing 16S or 23S rRNA genes and via phylogenetic analysis. Their effect was evaluated in vitro on the mycelial growth of V. dahliae (isolates V004 and V323) and on microsclerotia (MS) viability using naturally infested soils. Bioassays in olive plants inoculated with V. dahliae were also conducted to evaluate their effect against disease progress. In all the experiments, the reference BCAs Fusarium oxysporum FO12 and Aureobasidium pullulans AP08 were included for comparative purposes. The six strains were identified as Streptomyces spp., and they were considered as potential new species. All the BCAs, including Streptomyces strains, showed a significant effect on mycelial growth inhibition for both V. dahliae isolates compared to the positive control, with FO12 being the most effective, followed by AP08, while the Streptomyces spp. strains showed an intermediate effect. All the BCAs tested also showed a significant effect on the inhibition of germination of V. dahliae MS compared to the untreated control, with FO12 being the most effective treatment. Irrigation treatments with Streptomyces strain CBQ-EBa-21 or FO12 were significantly more effective in reducing disease severity and disease progress in olive plants inoculated with V. dahliae compared to the remaining treatments. This study represents the first approach to elucidating the potential effect of Streptomyces strains against VWO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Díaz-Díaz
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos (CBQ), Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (UCLV), Carretera Camajuaní km 5 1/2, Santa Clara 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Begoña I Antón-Domínguez
- Departamento de Agronomía, (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Carmen Raya
- Departamento de Agronomía, (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alexander Bernal-Cabrera
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (UCLV), Carretera Camajuaní km 5 1/2, Santa Clara 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
- Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (UCLV), Carretera Camajuaní km 5 1/2, Santa Clara 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Ricardo Medina-Marrero
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos (CBQ), Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (UCLV), Carretera Camajuaní km 5 1/2, Santa Clara 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Antonio Trapero
- Departamento de Agronomía, (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía, (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Steele MI, Peiser JM, Shreenidhi PM, Strassmann JE, Queller DC. Predation-resistant Pseudomonas bacteria engage in symbiont-like behavior with the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:2352-2361. [PMID: 37884792 PMCID: PMC10689837 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum acts as both a predator and potential host for diverse bacteria. We tested fifteen Pseudomonas strains that were isolated from transiently infected wild D. discoideum for ability to escape predation and infect D. discoideum fruiting bodies. Three predation-resistant strains frequently caused extracellular infections of fruiting bodies but were not found within spores. Furthermore, infection by one of these species induces secondary infections and suppresses predation of otherwise edible bacteria. Another strain can persist inside of amoebae after being phagocytosed but is rarely taken up. We sequenced isolate genomes and discovered that predation-resistant isolates are not monophyletic. Many Pseudomonas isolates encode secretion systems and toxins known to improve resistance to phagocytosis in other species, as well as diverse secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters that may contribute to predation resistance. However, the distribution of these genes alone cannot explain why some strains are edible and others are not. Each lineage may employ a unique mechanism for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret I Steele
- Biology Department, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jessica M Peiser
- Biology Department, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - P M Shreenidhi
- Biology Department, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan E Strassmann
- Biology Department, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David C Queller
- Biology Department, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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9
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Cardoni M, Mercado-Blanco J. Confronting stresses affecting olive cultivation from the holobiont perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1261754. [PMID: 38023867 PMCID: PMC10661416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1261754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The holobiont concept has revolutionized our understanding of plant-associated microbiomes and their significance for the development, fitness, growth and resilience of their host plants. The olive tree holds an iconic status within the Mediterranean Basin. Innovative changes introduced in olive cropping systems, driven by the increasing demand of its derived products, are not only modifying the traditional landscape of this relevant commodity but may also imply that either traditional or emerging stresses can affect it in ways yet to be thoroughly investigated. Incomplete information is currently available about the impact of abiotic and biotic pressures on the olive holobiont, what includes the specific features of its associated microbiome in relation to the host's structural, chemical, genetic and physiological traits. This comprehensive review consolidates the existing knowledge about stress factors affecting olive cultivation and compiles the information available of the microbiota associated with different olive tissues and organs. We aim to offer, based on the existing evidence, an insightful perspective of diverse stressing factors that may disturb the structure, composition and network interactions of the olive-associated microbial communities, underscoring the importance to adopt a more holistic methodology. The identification of knowledge gaps emphasizes the need for multilevel research approaches and to consider the holobiont conceptual framework in future investigations. By doing so, more powerful tools to promote olive's health, productivity and resilience can be envisaged. These tools may assist in the designing of more sustainable agronomic practices and novel breeding strategies to effectively face evolving environmental challenges and the growing demand of high quality food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cardoni
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Calvo-Peña C, Cobos R, Sánchez-López JM, Ibañez A, Coque JJR. Albocycline Is the Main Bioactive Antifungal Compound Produced by Streptomyces sp. OR6 against Verticillium dahliae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3612. [PMID: 37896074 PMCID: PMC10610244 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne fungal disease that affects olive trees (Olea europaea) and poses a serious threat to their cultivation. The causal agent of this disease is Verticillium dahliae, a pathogen that is difficult to control with conventional methods. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative strategies for the management of Verticillium wilt. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of olive trees that could act as potential biocontrol agents against V. dahliae. We selected a Streptomyces sp. OR6 strain based on its in vitro antifungal activity and its ability to suppress the pathogen growth in soil samples. We identified the main active compound produced by this strain as albocycline, a macrolide polyketide with known antibacterial properties and some antifungal activity. Albocycline was able to efficiently suppress the germination of conidiospores. To our knowledge, this is the first report of albocycline as an effective agent against V. dahliae. Our results suggest that Streptomyces sp. OR6, or other albocycline-producing strains, could be used as a promising tool for the biological control of Verticillium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Calvo-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (C.C.-P.); (A.I.)
| | - Rebeca Cobos
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (C.C.-P.); (A.I.)
| | | | - Ana Ibañez
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (C.C.-P.); (A.I.)
| | - Juan José R. Coque
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (C.C.-P.); (A.I.)
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11
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Pushkareva E, Elster J, Becker B. Metagenomic Analysis of Antarctic Biocrusts Unveils a Rich Range of Cold-Shock Proteins. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1932. [PMID: 37630492 PMCID: PMC10459675 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms inhabiting Antarctic biocrusts develop several strategies to survive extreme environmental conditions such as severe cold and drought. However, the knowledge about adaptations of biocrusts microorganisms are limited. Here, we applied metagenomic sequencing to study biocrusts from east Antarctica. Biocrusts were dominated by cyanobacteria, actinobacteria and proteobacteria. Furthermore, the results provided insights into the presence and abundance of cold shock proteins (Csp), cold shock domain A proteins (CsdA), and antifreeze proteins (AFP) in these extreme environments. The metagenomic analysis revealed a high number of CsdA across the samples. The majority of the Csp recorded in the studied biocrusts were Csp A, C, and E. In addition, CsdA, Csp, and AFP primarily originated from proteobacteria and actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pushkareva
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zulpicher Str. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Josef Elster
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelska 135, 37982 Trebon, Czech Republic;
- Centre for Polar Ecology, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlate Stoce 3, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Burkhard Becker
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zulpicher Str. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany;
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12
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Cardoni M, Fernández-González AJ, Valverde-Corredor A, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J. Co-occurrence network analysis unveils the actual differential impact on the olive root microbiota by two Verticillium wilt biocontrol rhizobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:21. [PMID: 36949520 PMCID: PMC10035242 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb, is one of the most threatening diseases affecting olive cultivation. An integrated disease management strategy is recommended for the effective control of VWO. Within this framework, the use of biological control agents (BCAs) is a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. No studies are available on the impact that the introduction of BCAs has on the resident microbiota of olive roots. Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 and Paenibacillus polymyxa PIC73 are two BCAs effective against VWO. We examined the effects of the introduction of these BCAs on the structure, composition and co-occurrence networks of the olive (cv. Picual) root-associated microbial communities. The consequences of the subsequent inoculation with V. dahliae on BCA-treated plants were also assessed. RESULTS Inoculation with any of the BCAs did not produce significant changes in the structure or the taxonomic composition of the 'Picual' root-associated microbiota. However, significant and distinctive alterations were observed in the topologies of the co-occurrence networks. The introduction of PIC73 provoked a diminution of positive interactions within the 'Picual' microbial community; instead, PICF7 inoculation increased the microbiota's compartmentalization. Upon pathogen inoculation, the network of PIC73-treated plants decreased the number of interactions and showed a switch of keystone species, including taxa belonging to minor abundant phyla (Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes). Conversely, the inoculation of V. dahliae in PICF7-treated plants significantly increased the complexity of the network and the number of links among their modules, suggestive of a more stable network. No changes in their keystone taxa were detected. CONCLUSION The absence of significant modifications on the structure and composition of the 'Picual' belowground microbiota due to the introduction of the tested BCAs underlines the low/null environmental impact of these rhizobacteria. These findings may have important practical consequences regarding future field applications of these BCAs. Furthermore, each BCA altered the interactions among the components of the olive belowground microbiota in idiosyncratic ways (i.e. PIC73 strongly modified the number of positive relations in the 'Picual' microbiota whereas PICF7 mostly affected the network stability). These modifications may provide clues on the biocontrol strategies used by these BCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cardoni
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [CSIC], Córdoba, Spain.
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
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13
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Alimenti C, Lianza M, Antognoni F, Giusti L, Bistoni O, Liotta L, Angeloni C, Lupidi G, Beghelli D. Characterization and Biological Activities of In Vitro Digested Olive Pomace Polyphenols Evaluated on Ex Vivo Human Immune Blood Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052122. [PMID: 36903372 PMCID: PMC10004623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive pomace (OP) represents one of the main by-products of olive oil production, which still contains high quantities of health-promoting bioactive compounds. In the present study, three batches of sun-dried OP were characterized for their profile in phenolic compounds (by HPLC-DAD) and in vitro antioxidant properties (ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays) before (methanolic extracts) and after (aqueous extracts) their simulated in vitro digestion and dialysis. Phenolic profiles, and, accordingly, the antioxidant activities, showed significant differences among the three OP batches, and most compounds showed good bioaccessibility after simulated digestion. Based on these preliminary screenings, the best OP aqueous extract (OP-W) was further characterized for its peptide composition and subdivided into seven fractions (OP-F). The most promising OP-F (characterized for its metabolome) and OP-W samples were then assessed for their potential anti-inflammatory properties in ex vivo human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) triggered or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of 16 pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured in PBMC culture media by multiplex ELISA assay, whereas the gene expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by real time RT-qPCR. Interestingly, OP-W and PO-F samples had a similar effect in reducing the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α, but only OP-W was able to reduce the release of these inflammatory mediators, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory activity of OP-W is different from that of OP-F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alimenti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mariacaterina Lianza
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Fabiana Antognoni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Onelia Bistoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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14
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Saberi Riseh R, Hassanisaadi M, Vatankhah M, Kennedy JF. Encapsulating biocontrol bacteria with starch as a safe and edible biopolymer to alleviate plant diseases: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120384. [PMID: 36604062 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Healthy foods with few artificial additives are in high demand among consumers. Preserving conventional pesticides, frequently used as chemicals to control phytopathogens, is challenging. Therefore, we proposed an innovative approach to protect agricultural products in this review. Biocontrol bacteria are safe alternatives with low stability and low efficiency in the free-form formulation. The encapsulation technique for covering active compounds (e.g., antimicrobials) represents a more efficient protection technology because encapsulation causes the controlled release of bioactive materials and reduces the application doses. Of the biopolymers able to form a capsule, starch exhibits several advantages, such as its ready availability, cost-effectively, edible, colorless, and tasteless. Nevertheless, the poor mechanical properties of starch can be improved with other edible biopolymers. In addition, applying formulations incorporated with more than one antimicrobial material offers synergistic effects. This review presented the starch-based capsules used to enclose antimicrobial agents as effective tools against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, 7618411764 Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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15
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Saberi Riseh R, Hassanisaadi M, Vatankhah M, Soroush F, Varma RS. Nano/microencapsulation of plant biocontrol agents by chitosan, alginate, and other important biopolymers as a novel strategy for alleviating plant biotic stresses. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1589-1604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Pradhan S, Tyagi R, Sharma S. Combating biotic stresses in plants by synthetic microbial communities: Principles, applications, and challenges. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2742-2759. [PMID: 36039728 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Presently, agriculture worldwide is facing the major challenge of feeding the increasing population sustainably. The conventional practices have not only failed to meet the projected needs, but also led to tremendous environmental consequences. Hence, to ensure a food-secure and environmentally sound future, the major thrust is on sustainable alternatives. Due to challenges associated with conventional means of application of biocontrol agents in the management of biotic stresses in agro-ecosystems, significant transformations in this context is needed. The crucial role played by soil microbiomes in efficiently and sustainably managing the agricultural production has unfolded a newer approach of rhizospheric engineering that shows immense promise in mitigating biotic stresses in an eco-friendly manner. The strategy of generating synthetic microbial communities (SynCom), by integrating omics approaches with traditional techniques of enumeration and in-depth analysis of plant-microbe interactions, is encouraging. The review discusses the significance of the rhizospheric microbiome in plant's fitness, and its manipulation for enhancing plant attributes. The focus of the review is to critically analyze the potential tools for the design and utilization of SynCom as a sustainable approach for rhizospheric engineering to ameliorate biotic stresses in plants. Further, based on the synthesis of reports in the area, we have put forth possible solutions to some of the critical issues that impair the large-scale application of SynComs in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salila Pradhan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi
| | - Rashi Tyagi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi
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17
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Prigigallo MI, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Mercado-Blanco J, Bubici G. Designing a synthetic microbial community devoted to biological control: The case study of Fusarium wilt of banana. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:967885. [PMID: 35992653 PMCID: PMC9389584 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.967885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) tropical race 4 (TR4) is threatening banana production because of its increasing spread. Biological control approaches have been widely studied and constitute interesting complementary measures to integrated disease management strategies. They have been based mainly on the use of single biological control agents (BCAs). In this study, we moved a step forward by designing a synthetic microbial community (SynCom) for the control of Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB). Ninety-six isolates of Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., and Trichoderma spp. were obtained from the banana rhizosphere and selected in vitro for the antagonism against Foc TR4. In pot experiments, a large community such as SynCom 1.0 (44 isolates with moderate to high antagonistic activity) or a small one such as SynCom 1.1 (seven highly effective isolates) provided similar disease control (35% symptom severity reduction). An in vitro study of the interactions among SynCom 1.1 isolates and between them and Foc revealed that beneficial microorganisms not only antagonized the pathogen but also some of the SynCom constituents. Furthermore, Foc defended itself by antagonizing the beneficial microbes. We also demonstrated that fusaric acid, known as one of the secondary metabolites of Fusarium species, might be involved in such an interaction. With this knowledge, SynCom 1.2 was then designed with three isolates: Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. piscium PS5, Bacillus velezensis BN8.2, and Trichoderma virens T2C1.4. A non-simultaneous soil application of these isolates (to diminish cross-inhibition) delayed FWB progress over time, with significant reductions in incidence and severity. SynCom 1.2 also performed better than two commercial BCAs, BioPak® and T-Gro. Eventually, SynCom 1.2 isolates were characterized for several biocontrol traits and their genome was sequenced. Our data showed that assembling a SynCom for biocontrol is not an easy task. The mere mixtures of antagonists (e.g., SynCom 1.0 and 1.1) might provide effective biocontrol, but an accurate investigation of the interactions among beneficial microorganisms is needed to improve the results (e.g., SynCom 1.2). SynCom 1.2 is a valuable tool to be further developed for the biological control of FWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabella Prigigallo
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Giovanni Bubici
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
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Dlamini SP, Akanmu AO, Babalola OO. Rhizospheric microorganisms: The gateway to a sustainable plant health. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.925802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant health is essential for food security, and constitutes a major predictor to safe and sustainable food systems. Over 40% of the global crops' productions are lost to pests, insects, diseases, and weeds, while the routinely used chemical-based pesticides to manage the menace also have detrimental effects on the microbial communities and ecosystem functioning. The rhizosphere serves as the microbial seed bank where microorganisms transform organic and inorganic substances in the rhizosphere into accessible plant nutrients as plants harbor diverse microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, and protists among others. Although, the pathogenic microbes initiate diseases by infiltrating the protective microbial barrier and plants' natural defense systems in the rhizosphere. Whereas, the process is often circumvented by the beneficial microorganisms which antagonize the pathogens to instill disease resistance. The management of plant health through approaches focused on disease prevention is instrumental to attaining sustainable food security, and safety. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the evolving and succession of root microbiomes in response to crop development as discussed in this review opens up new-fangled possibilities for reaping the profit of beneficial root–microbiomes' interactions toward attaining sustainable plant health.
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Characterization and Assessment of 2, 4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens VSMKU3054 for the Management of Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081508. [PMID: 35893565 PMCID: PMC9330548 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial bio-products are becoming an appealing and viable alternative to chemical pesticides for effective management of crop diseases. These bio-products are known to have potential to minimize agrochemical applications without losing crop yield and also restore soil fertility and productivity. In this study, the inhibitory efficacy of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens VSMKU3054 against Ralstonia solanacearum was assessed. Biochemical and functional characterization study revealed that P. fluorescens produced hydrogen cyanide (HCN), siderophore, indole acetic acid (IAA) and hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, protease, cellulase and chitinase, and had the ability to solubilize phosphate. The presence of the key antimicrobial encoding gene in the biosynthesis of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) was identified by PCR. The maximum growth and antimicrobial activity of P. fluorescens was observed in king’s B medium at pH 7, 37 °C and 36 h of growth. Glucose and tryptone were found to be the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. DAPG was separated by silica column chromatography and identified by various methods such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. When R. solanacearum cells were exposed to DAPG at 90 µg/mL, the cell viability was decreased, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased and chromosomal DNA was damaged. Application of P. fluorescens and DAPG significantly reduced the bacterial wilt incidence. In addition, P. fluorescens was also found effective in promoting the growth of tomato seedlings. It is concluded that the indigenous isolate P. fluorescens VSMKU3054 could be used as a suitable biocontrol agent against bacterial wilt disease of tomato.
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Olanrewaju OS, Babalola OO. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for orphan legume production: Focus on yield and disease resistance in Bambara groundnut. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.922156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan legumes are now experiencing growing demand due to the constraints on available major food crops. However, due to focus on major food crops, little research has been conducted on orphan legumes compared to major food crops, especially in microbiome application to improve growth and yield. Recent developments have demonstrated the enormous potential of beneficial microbes in growth promotion and resistance to stress and diseases. Hence, the focus of this perspective is to examine the potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to improve Bambara groundnut yield and quality. Further insights into the potential use of PGPR as a biological control agent in the crop are discussed. Finally, three PGPR genera commonly associated with plant growth and disease resistance (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces) were highlighted as case studies for the growth promotion and disease control in BGN production.
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Mishra J, Mishra I, Arora NK. 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol producing Pseudomonas fluorescens JM-1 for management of ear rot disease caused by Fusarium moniliforme in Zea mays L. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:138. [PMID: 35646503 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major cereal crop grown in a large number of countries. Loss in maize yield due to biotic stresses including fungal phytopathogens is a matter of immense concern. Control measures applied for eradication of fungal phytopathogens in maize are not up to the mark and more often involve harsh chemical(s)/pesticide(s) that cause deleterious effects both in humans and soil biota. Greener alternatives, such as the use of rhizosphere microbes in the form of bioinoculants, have proven to be very successful in terms of enhancing crop yield and suppressing fungal phytopathogens. In the present study, fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from the maize rhizosphere and monitored for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) and biocontrol activities against Fusarium moniliforme. Based on various PGP traits and biocontrol potential, isolate JM-1 was found to be most effective and as per 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens. Further experiments showed that the biocontrol potential of JM-1 against ear rot fungus involved the production of antifungal compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). When examined for antagonistic interaction under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), structural abnormality, hyphal lysis, and deformity in fungal mycelium were observed. In the pot experiment, application of talc-based JM-1 containing bioformulation (in pot trials) showed significant enhancement in maize growth parameters (including the seed number and weight) in comparison to control even in presence of the phytopathogen. Ear fresh weight, dry weight, number of seeds per plant, and 100-grain weight were found to increase significantly by 34, 34, 52, and 18% respectively, in comparison to control. P. fluorescens JM-1 can therefore be used as a bioinoculant for ear rot disease control and sustainably enhancing maize yield. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03201-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
| | - Isha Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
| | - Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP 226025 India
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22
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Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Wentzien NM, Zorrilla-Fontanesi Y, Valverde-Corredor A, Fernández-González AJ, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J. Impacts of the Biocontrol Strain Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 on the Banana Holobiont: Alteration of Root Microbial Co-occurrence Networks and Effect on Host Defense Responses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:809126. [PMID: 35242117 PMCID: PMC8885582 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.809126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the versatile biocontrol and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 on the banana holobiont under controlled conditions was investigated. We examine the fate of this biological control agent (BCA) upon introduction in the soil, the effect on the banana root microbiota, and the influence on specific host genetic defense responses. While the presence of strain PICF7 significantly altered neither the composition nor the structure of the root microbiota, a significant shift in microbial community interactions through co-occurrence network analysis was observed. Despite the fact that PICF7 did not constitute a keystone, the topology of this network was significantly modified-the BCA being identified as a constituent of one of the main network modules in bacterized plants. Gene expression analysis showed the early suppression of several systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance (ISR) markers. This outcome occurred at the time in which the highest relative abundance of PICF7 was detected. The absence of major and permanent changes on the banana holobiont upon PICF7 introduction poses advantages regarding the use of this beneficial rhizobacteria under field conditions. Indeed a BCA able to control the target pathogen while altering as little as possible the natural host-associated microbiome should be a requisite when developing effective bio-inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nuria M. Wentzien
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Fernández-González
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Córdoba, Spain
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23
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Montes-Osuna N, Cernava T, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Berg G, Mercado-Blanco J. Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Two Beneficial Endophytic Pseudomonas Strains from Olive Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:318. [PMID: 35161300 PMCID: PMC8840531 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represents a promising strategy of plant-beneficial bacteria to control soil-borne phytopathogens. Pseudomonas sp. PICF6 and Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 are two indigenous inhabitants of olive roots displaying effective biological control against Verticillium dahliae. Additionally, strain PICF7 is able to promote the growth of barley and Arabidopsis thaliana, VOCs being involved in the growth of the latter species. In this study, the antagonistic capacity of these endophytic bacteria against relevant phytopathogens (Verticillium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) was assessed. Under in vitro conditions, PICF6 and PICF7 were only able to antagonize representative isolates of V. dahliae and V. longisporum. Remarkably, both strains produced an impressive portfolio of up to twenty VOCs, that included compounds with reported antifungal (e.g., 1-undecene, (methyldisulfanyl) methane and 1-decene) or plant growth promoting (e.g., tridecane, 1-decene) activities. Moreover, their volatilomes differed strongly in the absence and presence of V. dahliae. For example, when co incubated with the defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae, the antifungal compound 4-methyl-2,6-bis(2-methyl-2-propanyl)phenol was produced. Results suggest that volatiles emitted by these endophytes may differ in their modes of action, and that potential benefits for the host needs further investigation in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Montes-Osuna
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.)
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (T.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.)
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (T.C.); (G.B.)
- Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.)
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24
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Zboralski A, Biessy A, Filion M. Bridging the Gap: Type III Secretion Systems in Plant-Beneficial Bacteria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:187. [PMID: 35056636 PMCID: PMC8780523 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are bacterial membrane-embedded nanomachines translocating effector proteins into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They have been intensively studied for their important roles in animal and plant bacterial diseases. Over the past two decades, genome sequencing has unveiled their ubiquitous distribution in many taxa of Gram-negative bacteria, including plant-beneficial ones. Here, we discuss the distribution and functions of the T3SS in two agronomically important bacterial groups: the symbiotic nodule-forming nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and the free-living plant-beneficial Pseudomonas spp. In legume-rhizobia symbiosis, T3SSs and their cognate effectors play important roles, including the modulation of the plant immune response and the initiation of the nodulation process in some cases. In plant-beneficial Pseudomonas spp., the roles of T3SSs are not fully understood, but pertain to plant immunity suppression, biocontrol against eukaryotic plant pathogens, mycorrhization facilitation, and possibly resistance against protist predation. The diversity of T3SSs in plant-beneficial bacteria points to their important roles in multifarious interkingdom interactions in the rhizosphere. We argue that the gap in research on T3SSs in plant-beneficial bacteria must be bridged to better understand bacteria/eukaryotes rhizosphere interactions and to support the development of efficient plant-growth promoting microbial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Filion
- Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Boulevard, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada; (A.Z.); (A.B.)
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25
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Balthazar C, Joly DL, Filion M. Exploiting Beneficial Pseudomonas spp. for Cannabis Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:833172. [PMID: 35095829 PMCID: PMC8795690 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.833172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the oldest domesticated crops, cannabis plants (Cannabis sativa L., marijuana and hemp) have been used to produce food, fiber, and drugs for thousands of years. With the ongoing legalization of cannabis in several jurisdictions worldwide, a new high-value market is emerging for the supply of marijuana and hemp products. This creates unprecedented challenges to achieve better yields and environmental sustainability, while lowering production costs. In this review, we discuss the opportunities and challenges pertaining to the use of beneficial Pseudomonas spp. bacteria as crop inoculants to improve productivity. The prevalence and diversity of naturally occurring Pseudomonas strains within the cannabis microbiome is overviewed, followed by their potential mechanisms involved in plant growth promotion and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Emphasis is placed on specific aspects relevant for hemp and marijuana crops in various production systems. Finally, factors likely to influence inoculant efficacy are provided, along with strategies to identify promising strains, overcome commercialization bottlenecks, and design adapted formulations. This work aims at supporting the development of the cannabis industry in a sustainable way, by exploiting the many beneficial attributes of Pseudomonas spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Balthazar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - David L. Joly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Martin Filion
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
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26
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G. C. Rodrigues J, Nair HP, O'Kane C, Walker CA. Prevalence of multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from wild bird feces in an urban aquatic environment. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14303-14311. [PMID: 34707856 PMCID: PMC8525170 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been detected in the microbiota of wildlife, yet little is known about the origin and impact within the ecosystem. Due to the shortage of nonepizootic surveillance, there is limited understanding of the natural prevalence and circulation of AMR bacteria in the wild animal population, including avian species. In this surveillance study, feces from wild birds in proximity to the River Cam, Cambridge, England, were collected and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated. Of the 115 samples collected, 24 (20.9%; 95% CI, 12.6%‒29.2%) harbored Pseudomonas spp. of which 18 (75%; 95% CI, 58%‒92%) had a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index greater than 0.2. No Pseudomonas spp. isolate in this study was pansusceptible. Resistance was found among the 24 isolates against ciprofloxacin (87.5%; 95% CI, 74.3%‒100%) and cefepime (83.3%; 95% CI, 68.4%‒98.2%), both of which are extensively used to treat opportunistic Pseudomonas spp. infections. The prevalence of Pseudomonas spp. in the wild bird feces sampled during this study is greater than previous, similar studies. Additionally, their multidrug resistance profile provides insight into the potential risk for ecosystem contamination. It further highlights the importance of a One Health approach, including ongoing surveillance efforts that help to develop the understanding of how wildlife, including avifauna, may contribute and disperse AMR across the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana G. C. Rodrigues
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Science & EngineeringAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridgeUK
| | - Harisree P. Nair
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Science & EngineeringAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridgeUK
| | - Christopher O'Kane
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Science & EngineeringAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridgeUK
| | - Caray A. Walker
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Science & EngineeringAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridgeUK
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27
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Liu H, Zeng Q, Yalimaimaiti N, Wang W, Zhang R, Yao J. Comprehensive genomic analysis of Bacillus velezensis AL7 reveals its biocontrol potential against Verticillium wilt of cotton. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:1287-1298. [PMID: 34553246 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Verticilllium wilt of cotton is a devastating soil-borne disease, which is caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. Bacillus velezensis strain AL7 was isolated from cotton soil. This strain efficiently inhibited the growth of V. dahliae. But the mechanism of the biocontrol strain AL7 remains poorly understood. To understand the possible genetic determinants for biocontrol traits of this strain, we conducted phenotypic, phylogenetic and comparative genomics analysis. Phenotypic analysis showed that strain AL7 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities. We determined that the whole genome sequence of B. velezensis AL7 is a single circular chromosome that is 3.89 Mb in size. The distribution of putative gene clusters that could benefit to biocontrol activities was found in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis of Bacillus strains by using single core-genome clearly placed strain AL7 into the B. velezensis. Meantime, we performed comparative analyses on four Bacillus strains and observed subtle differences in their genome sequences. In addition, comparative genomics analysis showed that the core genomes of B. velezensis are more abundant in genes relevant to secondary metabolism compared with B. subtilis strains. Single mutant in the biosynthetic genes of fengycin demonstrated the function of fengycin in the antagonistic activity of B. velezensis AL7. Here, we report a new biocontrol bacterium B. velezensis AL7 and fengycin contribute to the biocontrol efficacy of the strain. The results showed in the research further sustain the potential of B. velezensis AL7 for application in agriculture production and may be a worthy biocontrol strain for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Qingchao Zeng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center For Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Nuerziya Yalimaimaiti
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Renfu Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Ju Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China.
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28
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Hinsu AT, Panchal KJ, Pandit RJ, Koringa PG, Kothari RK. Characterizing rhizosphere microbiota of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) from pre-sowing to post-harvest of crop under field conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17457. [PMID: 34465845 PMCID: PMC8408145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhizosphere, a narrow zone of soil near plant roots, is a hot spot for microbial activity. Rhizosphere microbiota directly or indirectly benefit plants by supplementing nutrients, producing beneficial chemicals, or suppressing pathogens. Plants attract and modulate bacteria within the rhizosphere by releasing exudates. Plants also tend to select the rhizosphere microbiota based on their needs; a phenomenon termed as “rhizosphere effect”. In this study, we characterized the rhizosphere microbiota of peanut plants across the crop development cycle from pre-sowing of seeds to post-harvest of crop under field conditions. The rhizosphere and bulk soil samples from different crop developmental stages were also compared. The composition of bulk soil microbiota resembled microbiota of pre-sowing and post-harvest soil and was markedly different from rhizosphere soil samples. Rhizosphere samples were enriched with multiple organisms mostly from the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota phyla. Differences in diversity were observed among the rhizosphere samples but not in bulk soil across different crop development stages. Pseudomonas_M indica was highly enriched during the germination of seeds. Furthermore, Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) bacteria like Bacillus were enriched during the middle stages of crop development but there was a decline in PGP organisms in the matured crop stage. We also observed a significant association of pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) with the profiles of microbial community. Overall, this study portrayed the changes in rhizosphere microbiota of peanut during different developmental stages of crop and may help to design stage specific bio-strategies such as bio-fertilizer to improve crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit T Hinsu
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, India.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388001, India
| | - Ketankumar J Panchal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388001, India
| | - Ramesh J Pandit
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388001, India
| | - Prakash G Koringa
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388001, India
| | - Ramesh K Kothari
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, India.
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29
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Munir S, Ahmed A, Li Y, He P, Singh BK, He P, Li X, Asad S, Wu Y, He Y. The hidden treasures of citrus: finding Huanglongbing cure where it was lost. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:634-649. [PMID: 34325576 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1942780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), a deadly citrus disease which has significantly downsized the entire industry worldwide. The intractable and incurable disease has brought the citriculture an enormous loss of productivity. With no resistant varieties available, failure of chemical treatments despite repeated applications, and hazardous consequences to environmental health, have led to large-scale research to find a sustainable cure. Inside plants, the key determinants of health and safety, live the endophytic microbes. Endophytes possess unrivaled plant benefiting properties. The progression of HLB is known to cause disturbance in endophytic bacterial communities. Given the importance of the plant endophytic microbiome in disease progression, the notion of engineering microbiomes through indigenous endophytes is attracting scientific attention which is considered revolutionary as it precludes the incompatibility concerns associated with the use of alien (microbes from other plant species) endophytes. In this review, we briefly discuss the transformation of the plant-pathogen-environment to the plant-pathogen-microbial system in a disease triangle. We also argue the employment of indigenous endophytes isolated from a healthy state to engineer the diseased citrus endophytic microbiomes that can provide sustainable solution for vascular pathogens. We evaluated the plethora of microbiomes responses to the re-introduction of endophytes which leads to disease resistance in the citrus host. The idea is not merely confined to citrus-HLB, but it is globally applicable for tailoring a customized cure for general plant-pathogen systems particularly for the diseases caused by the vascular system-restricted pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Munir
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Ayesha Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Pengbo He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, Australia.,Global Centre for Land Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, Australia
| | - Pengfei He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Suhail Asad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China.,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yueqiu He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
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30
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Korshunova TY, Bakaeva MD, Kuzina EV, Rafikova GF, Chetverikov SP, Chetverikova DV, Loginov ON. Role of Bacteria of the Genus Pseudomonas in the Sustainable Development of Agricultural Systems and Environmental Protection (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368382103008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Evaluation of Indigenous Olive Biocontrol Rhizobacteria as Protectants against Drought and Salt Stress. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061209. [PMID: 34204989 PMCID: PMC8230297 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress caused by drought and salinity may compromise growth and productivity of olive (Olea europaea L.) tree crops. Several studies have reported the use of beneficial rhizobacteria to alleviate symptoms produced by these stresses, which is attributed in some cases to the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACD). A collection of beneficial olive rhizobacteria was in vitro screened for ACD activity. Pseudomonas sp. PICF6 displayed this phenotype and sequencing of its genome confirmed the presence of an acdS gene. In contrast, the well-known root endophyte and biocontrol agent Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 was defective in ACD activity, even though the presence of an ACD-coding gene was earlier predicted in its genome. In this study, an unidentified deaminase was confirmed instead. Greenhouse experiments with olive ‘Picual’ plants inoculated either with PICF6 or PICF7, or co-inoculated with both strains, and subjected to drought or salt stress were carried out. Several physiological and biochemical parameters increased in stressed plants (i.e., stomatal conductance and flavonoids content), regardless of whether or not they were previously bacterized. Results showed that neither PICF6 (ACD positive) nor PICF7 (ACD negative) lessened the negative effects caused by the abiotic stresses tested, at least under our experimental conditions.
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32
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López-Moral A, Agustí-Brisach C, Trapero A. Plant Biostimulants: New Insights Into the Biological Control of Verticillium Wilt of Olive. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:662178. [PMID: 34093620 PMCID: PMC8172626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.662178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea L.) (VWO), caused by the hemibiotrophic soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is considered the major limiting factor of this crop in Mediterranean-type climate regions of the world. The absence of effective chemical treatments makes the control of the disease difficult. In this way, the use of biostimulants and host plant defense inducers seems to be one of the most promising biological and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional control measures. Thus, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of 32 products, including amino acids, micronutrients, microorganisms, substances of natural origin, copper complex-based products, and organic and inorganic salts against the disease under controlled conditions. To this end, their effects on mycelial growth and microsclerotia (MS) inhibition of V. dahliae were evaluated by means of dual cultures or by sensitivity tests in vitro as well as on disease progression in planta. Wide ranging responses to the pathogen and disease reduction levels were observed among all the products tested, suggesting multiple modes of action. Copper-based products were among the most effective for mycelial growth and MS inhibition, whereas they did not show an important effect on the reduction of disease severity in planta. Phoma sp. and Aureobasidium pullulans were the most effective in disease reduction in planta with foliar application. On the other hand, two phosphite salts, one with copper and the other with potassium, were the most effective in disease reduction in planta when they were applied by irrigation, followed by A. pullulans and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. This study will be useful to select the best candidates for future studies, contributing significantly to new insights into the current challenge of the biological control of VWO.
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Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Fernández-González AJ, Cardoni M, Valverde-Corredor A, López-Cepero J, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J. The Banana Root Endophytome: Differences between Mother Plants and Suckers and Evaluation of Selected Bacteria to Control Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030194. [PMID: 33803181 PMCID: PMC8002102 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to disentangle the structure, composition, and co-occurrence relationships of the banana (cv. Dwarf Cavendish) root endophytome comparing two phenological plant stages: mother plants and suckers. Moreover, a collection of culturable root endophytes (>1000) was also generated from Canary Islands. In vitro antagonism assays against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) races STR4 and TR4 enabled the identification and characterization of potential biocontrol agents (BCA). Eventually, three of them were selected and evaluated against Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) together with the well-known BCA Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 under controlled conditions. Culturable and non-culturable (high-throughput sequencing) approaches provided concordant information and showed low microbial diversity within the banana root endosphere. Pseudomonas appeared as the dominant genus and seemed to play an important role in the banana root endophytic microbiome according to co-occurrence networks. Fungal communities were dominated by the genera Ophioceras, Cyphellophora, Plecosphaerella, and Fusarium. Overall, significant differences were found between mother plants and suckers, suggesting that the phenological stage determines the recruitment and organization of the endophytic microbiome. While selected native banana endophytes showed clear antagonism against Foc strains, their biocontrol performance against FWB did not improve the outcome observed for a non-indigenous reference BCA (strain PICF7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (M.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Antonio J. Fernández-González
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda, 18008 Granada, Spain; (A.J.F.-G.); (M.F.-L.)
| | - Martina Cardoni
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (M.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (M.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Javier López-Cepero
- Departamento Técnico de Coplaca S.C. Organización de Productores de Plátanos, Avd. de Anaga, 11-38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda, 18008 Granada, Spain; (A.J.F.-G.); (M.F.-L.)
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.G.-L.C.); (M.C.); (A.V.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-499261
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Wong CKF, Zulperi D, Saidi NB, Vadamalai G. A Consortium of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichoderma harzianum for Improving Growth and Induced Biochemical Changes in Fusarium Wilt Infected Bananas. Trop Life Sci Res 2021; 32:23-45. [PMID: 33936549 PMCID: PMC8054672 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2021.32.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana cannot be effectively controlled by current control strategies. The most virulent form that caused major losses in the banana production is Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc-TR4). Biocontrol of Foc-TR4 using microbial antagonists offers a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. A consortium of biocontrol agents (BCAs), Pseudomonas aeruginosa DRB1 and Trichoderma harzianum CBF2 was formulated into pesta granules, talc powder, alginate beads and liquid bioformulations. Previous study indicated bioformulations containing both BCAs successfully reduced the disease severity of Foc-TR4. To date, the biocontrol mechanism and plant growth promoting (PGP) traits of a consortium of BCAs on infected bananas have not been explored. Therefore, the study was undertaken to investigate the effect of a consortium of DRB1 and CBF2 in the growth and biochemical changes of Foc-TR4 infected bananas. Results indicated pesta granules formulation produced bananas with higher biomass (fresh weight: 388.67 g), taller plants (80.95 cm) and larger leaves (length: 39.40 cm, width: 17.70 cm) than other bioformulations. Applying bioformulations generally produced plants with higher chlorophyll (392.59 μg/g FW-699.88 μg/g FW) and carotenoid contents (81.30 μg/g FW-120.01 μg/g FW) compared to pathogen treatment (chlorophyll: 325.96 μg/g FW, carotenoid: 71.98 μg/g FW) which indicated improved vegetative growth. Bioformulation-treated plants showed higher phenolic (49.58-93.85 μg/g FW) and proline contents (54.63 μg/g FW-89.61 μg/g FW) than Foc-TR4 treatment (phenolic: 46.45 μg/g FW, proline: 28.65 μg/g FW). The malondialdehylde (MDA) content was lower in bioformulation treatments (0.49 Nm/g FW-1.19 Nm/g FW) than Foc-TR4 treatment (3.66 Nm/g FW). The biochemical changes revealed that applying bioformulations has induced host defense response by increasing phenolic and proline contents which reduced root damage caused by Foc-TR4 resulting in lower MDA content. In conclusion, applying bioformulations containing microbial consortium is a promising method to improve growth and induce significant biochemical changes in bananas leading to the suppression of Foc-TR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Kiing Fook Wong
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dzarifah Zulperi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Baity Saidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ganesan Vadamalai
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Montes-Osuna N, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Valverde-Corredor A, Berendsen RL, Prieto P, Mercado-Blanco J. Assessing the Involvement of Selected Phenotypes of Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 in Olive Root Colonization and Biological Control of Verticillium dahliae. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020412. [PMID: 33672351 PMCID: PMC7926765 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 is an indigenous inhabitant of the olive (Olea europaea L.) rhizosphere/root endosphere and an effective biocontrol agent against Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae. This study aimed to evaluate the potential involvement of selected phenotypes of strain PICF7 in root colonization ability and VWO biocontrol. Therefore, a random transposon-insertion mutant bank of P. simiae PICF7 was screened for the loss of phenotypes likely involved in rhizosphere/soil persistence (copper resistance), root colonization (biofilm formation) and plant growth promotion (phytase activity). Transposon insertions in genes putatively coding for the transcriptional regulator CusR or the chemotaxis protein CheV were found to affect copper resistance, whereas an insertion in fleQ gene putatively encoding a flagellar regulatory protein hampered the ability to form a biofilm. However, these mutants displayed the same antagonistic effect against V. dahliae as the parental strain. Remarkably, two mutants impaired in biofilm formation were never found inside olive roots, whereas their ability to colonize the root exterior and to control VWO remained unaffected. Endophytic colonization of olive roots was unaltered in mutants impaired in copper resistance and phytase production. Results demonstrated that the phenotypes studied were irrelevant for VWO biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Montes-Osuna
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.)
| | - Roeland L. Berendsen
- Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus “Alameda del Obispo”, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (N.M.-O.); (C.G.-L.C.); (A.V.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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Anguita-Maeso M, Trapero-Casas JL, Olivares-García C, Ruano-Rosa D, Palomo-Ríos E, Jiménez-Díaz RM, Navas-Cortés JA, Landa BB. Verticillium dahliae Inoculation and in vitro Propagation Modify the Xylem Microbiome and Disease Reaction to Verticillium Wilt in a Wild Olive Genotype. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:632689. [PMID: 33747012 PMCID: PMC7966730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.632689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Host resistance is the most practical, long-term, and economically efficient disease control measure for Verticillium wilt in olive caused by the xylem-invading fungus Verticillium dahliae (Vd), and it is at the core of the integrated disease management. Plant's microbiome at the site of infection may have an influence on the host reaction to pathogens; however, the role of xylem microbial communities in the olive resistance to Vd has been overlooked and remains unexplored to date. This research was focused on elucidating whether in vitro olive propagation may alter the diversity and composition of the xylem-inhabiting microbiome and if those changes may modify the resistance response that a wild olive clone shows to the highly virulent defoliating (D) pathotype of Vd. Results indicated that although there were differences in microbial communities among the different propagation methodologies, most substantial changes occurred when plants were inoculated with Vd, regardless of whether the infection process took place, with a significant increase in the diversity of bacterial communities when the pathogen was present in the soil. Furthermore, it was noticeable that olive plants multiplied under in vitro conditions developed a susceptible reaction to D Vd, characterized by severe wilting symptoms and 100% vascular infection. Moreover, those in vitro propagated plants showed an altered xylem microbiome with a decrease in total OTU numbers as compared to that of plants multiplied under non-aseptic conditions. Overall, 10 keystone bacterial genera were detected in olive xylem regardless of infection by Vd and the propagation procedure of plants (in vitro vs nursery), with Cutibacterium (36.85%), Pseudomonas (20.93%), Anoxybacillus (6.28%), Staphylococcus (4.95%), Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum (3.91%), and Bradyrhizobium (3.54%) being the most abundant. Pseudomonas spp. appeared as the most predominant bacterial group in micropropagated plants and Anoxybacillus appeared as a keystone bacterium in Vd-inoculated plants irrespective of their propagation process. Our results are the first to show a breakdown of resistance to Vd in a wild olive that potentially may be related to a modification of its xylem microbiome and will help to expand our knowledge of the role of indigenous xylem microbiome on host resistance, which can be of use to fight against main vascular diseases of olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Anguita-Maeso
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Luis Trapero-Casas
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Concepción Olivares-García
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Ruano-Rosa
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena Palomo-Ríos
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Córdoba, Spain
- Agronomy Department, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan A. Navas-Cortés
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Blanca B. Landa
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Córdoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Blanca B. Landa,
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Pylak M, Oszust K, Frąc M. Searching for New Beneficial Bacterial Isolates of Wild Raspberries for Biocontrol of Phytopathogens-Antagonistic Properties and Functional Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249361. [PMID: 33302568 PMCID: PMC7763744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat caused by plants fungal and fungal-like pathogens is a serious problem in the organic farming of soft fruits. The European Commission regulations prohibit some commercially available chemical plant protection products, and instead recommend the use of natural methods for improving the microbial soil status and thus increasing resistance to biotic stresses caused by phytopathogens. The solution to this problem may be biopreparations based on, e.g., bacteria, especially those isolated from native local environments. To select proper bacterial candidates for biopreparation, research was provided to preliminarily ensure that those isolates are able not only to inhibit the growth of pathogens, but also to be metabolically effective. In the presented research sixty-five isolates were acquired and identified. Potentially pathogenic isolates were excluded from further research, and beneficial bacterial isolates were tested against the following plant pathogens: Botrytis spp., Colletotrichum spp., Phytophthora spp., and Verticillium spp. The eight most effective antagonists belonging to Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhodococcus genera were subjected to metabolic and enzymatic analyses and a resistance to chemical stress survey, indicating to their potential as components of biopreparations for agroecology.
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Acharya B, Ingram TW, Oh Y, Adhikari TB, Dean RA, Louws FJ. Opportunities and Challenges in Studies of Host-Pathogen Interactions and Management of Verticillium dahliae in Tomatoes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1622. [PMID: 33266395 PMCID: PMC7700276 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are a valuable horticultural crop that are grown and consumed worldwide. Optimal production is hindered by several factors, among which Verticillium dahliae, the cause of Verticillium wilt, is considered a major biological constraint in temperate production regions. V. dahliae is difficult to mitigate because it is a vascular pathogen, has a broad host range and worldwide distribution, and can persist in soil for years. Understanding pathogen virulence and genetic diversity, host resistance, and plant-pathogen interactions could ultimately inform the development of integrated strategies to manage the disease. In recent years, considerable research has focused on providing new insights into these processes, as well as the development and integration of environment-friendly management approaches. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the race and population structure of V. dahliae, including pathogenicity factors, host genes, proteins, enzymes involved in defense, and the emergent management strategies and future research directions for managing Verticillium wilt in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Acharya
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.A.); (T.W.I.); (Y.Y.O.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Thomas W. Ingram
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.A.); (T.W.I.); (Y.Y.O.); (R.A.D.)
| | - YeonYee Oh
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.A.); (T.W.I.); (Y.Y.O.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Tika B. Adhikari
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.A.); (T.W.I.); (Y.Y.O.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Ralph A. Dean
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.A.); (T.W.I.); (Y.Y.O.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Frank J. Louws
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.A.); (T.W.I.); (Y.Y.O.); (R.A.D.)
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Jishma P, Radhakrishnan EK. Modulation of agriculturally useful rhamnolipid profile of Pseudomonas sp. K6 due to the supplementation with chitosan and gold nanoparticles. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:146. [PMID: 32880081 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As rhizobacteria have extensively been studied for the production of compounds with biocontrol properties, methods to enhance its production are very important. In this study, nanotechnological method to modulate the rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas sp. K6 has been demonstrated. For this, Pseudomonas sp. K6 was cultured with different concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The rhamnolipid production was further analyzed by CTAB- methylene blue agar assay and also by LC-MS/MS analysis. From the LC-MS/MS result, induction of dirhamnolipid production in K6 could be confirmed when cultured with CNPs (1, 5 and 10 mg/mL) and AuNPs (10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL). The monorhamnolipid production by K6 was observed to get enhanced when the K6 culture was supplemented with 2.5 mg/mL CNPs and 10 µg/mL AuNPs. Also, in planta study confirmed the biocontrol ability of rhamnolipid as it suppressed the Sclerotium rolfsii infection in Vigna unguiculata plants. As the rhamnolipids have versatile applications in the agricultural field, the nano-based approach to enhance its production from the biocontrol organism is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jishma
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India.
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Giampetruzzi A, Baptista P, Morelli M, Cameirão C, Lino Neto T, Costa D, D’Attoma G, Abou Kubaa R, Altamura G, Saponari M, Pereira JA, Saldarelli P. Differences in the Endophytic Microbiome of Olive Cultivars Infected by Xylella fastidiosa across Seasons. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090723. [PMID: 32887278 PMCID: PMC7558191 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of Xylella fastidiosa infections in the context of the endophytic microbiome was studied in field-grown plants of the susceptible and resistant olive cultivars Kalamata and FS17. Whole metagenome shotgun sequencing (WMSS) coupled with 16S/ITS rRNA gene sequencing was carried out on the same trees at two different stages of the infections: In Spring 2017 when plants were almost symptomless and in Autumn 2018 when the trees of the susceptible cultivar clearly showed desiccations. The progression of the infections detected in both cultivars clearly unraveled that Xylella tends to occupy the whole ecological niche and suppresses the diversity of the endophytic microbiome. However, this trend was mitigated in the resistant cultivar FS17, harboring lower population sizes and therefore lower Xylella average abundance ratio over total bacteria, and a higher α-diversity. Host cultivar had a negligible effect on the community composition and no clear associations of a single taxon or microbial consortia with the resistance cultivar were found with both sequencing approaches, suggesting that the mechanisms of resistance likely reside on factors that are independent of the microbiome structure. Overall, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteriodetes dominated the bacterial microbiome while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota those of Fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Giampetruzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Paula Baptista
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (P.B.); (C.C.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Morelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede Secondaria di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (G.D.); (R.A.K.); (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Cristina Cameirão
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (P.B.); (C.C.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Teresa Lino Neto
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center (CBFP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.L.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Costa
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center (CBFP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.L.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Giusy D’Attoma
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede Secondaria di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (G.D.); (R.A.K.); (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Raied Abou Kubaa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede Secondaria di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (G.D.); (R.A.K.); (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Altamura
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede Secondaria di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (G.D.); (R.A.K.); (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Saponari
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede Secondaria di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (G.D.); (R.A.K.); (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (P.B.); (C.C.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Pasquale Saldarelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede Secondaria di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (G.D.); (R.A.K.); (G.A.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805443065
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Meena M, Swapnil P, Divyanshu K, Kumar S, Harish, Tripathi YN, Zehra A, Marwal A, Upadhyay RS. PGPR-mediated induction of systemic resistance and physiochemical alterations in plants against the pathogens: Current perspectives. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:828-861. [PMID: 32815221 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are diverse groups of plant-associated microorganisms, which can reduce the severity or incidence of disease during antagonism among bacteria and soil-borne pathogens, as well as by influencing a systemic resistance to elicit defense response in host plants. An amalgamation of various strains of PGPR has improved the efficacy by enhancing the systemic resistance opposed to various pathogens affecting the crop. Many PGPR used with seed treatment causes structural improvement of the cell wall and physiological/biochemical changes leading to the synthesis of proteins, peptides, and chemicals occupied in plant defense mechanisms. The major determinants of PGPR-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) are lipopolysaccharides, lipopeptides, siderophores, pyocyanin, antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphoroglucinol, the volatile 2,3-butanediol, N-alkylated benzylamine, and iron-regulated compounds. Many PGPR inoculants have been commercialized and these inoculants consequently aid in the improvement of crop growth yield and provide effective reinforcement to the crop from disease, whereas other inoculants are used as biofertilizers for native as well as crops growing at diverse extreme habitat and exhibit multifunctional plant growth-promoting attributes. A number of applications of PGPR formulation are needed to maintain the resistance levels in crop plants. Several microarray-based studies have been done to identify the genes, which are associated with PGPR-induced systemic resistance. Identification of these genes associated with ISR-mediating disease suppression and biochemical changes in the crop plant is one of the essential steps in understanding the disease resistance mechanisms in crops. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the PGPR-mediated innovative methods, focusing on the mode of action of compounds authorized that may be significant in the development contributing to enhance plant growth, disease resistance, and serve as an efficient bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. The review also highlights current research progress in this field with a special emphasis on challenges, limitations, and their environmental and economic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.,Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prashant Swapnil
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Botany, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumari Divyanshu
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Harish
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yashoda Nandan Tripathi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Avinash Marwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Vigyan Bhawan-Block B, New Campus, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Fernández-González AJ, Wentzien NM, Villadas PJ, Valverde-Corredor A, Lasa AV, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Mercado-Blanco J, Fernández-López M. Comparative study of neighboring Holm oak and olive trees-belowground microbial communities subjected to different soil management. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236796. [PMID: 32780734 PMCID: PMC7418964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that different plant species, and even plant varieties, promote different assemblages of the microbial communities associated with them. Here, we investigate how microbial communities (bacteria and fungi) undergo changes within the influence of woody plants (two olive cultivars, one tolerant and another susceptible to the soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae, plus wild Holm oak) grown in the same soil but with different management (agricultural versus native). By the use of metabarcoding sequencing we determined that the native Holm oak trees rhizosphere bacterial communities were different from its bulk soil, with differences in some genera like Gp4, Gp6 and Solirubrobacter. Moreover, the agricultural management used in the olive orchard led to belowground microbiota differences with respect to the natural conditions both in bulk soils and rhizospheres. Indeed, Gemmatimonas and Fusarium were more abundant in olive orchard soils. However, agricultural management removed the differences in the microbial communities between the two olive cultivars, and these differences were minor respect to the olive bulk soil. According to our results, and at least under the agronomical conditions here examined, the composition and structure of the rhizospheric microbial communities do not seem to play a major role in olive tolerance to V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Fernández-González
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Nuria M Wentzien
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo J Villadas
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ana V Lasa
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Castro D, Torres M, Sampedro I, Martínez-Checa F, Torres B, Béjar V. Biological Control of Verticillium Wilt on Olive Trees by the Salt-Tolerant Strain Bacillus velezensis XT1. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1080. [PMID: 32698452 PMCID: PMC7409040 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is extremely devastating to olive trees (Olea europea). Currently, no successful control measure is available against it. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Bacillus velezensis XT1, a well-characterized salt-tolerant biocontrol strain, against the highly virulent defoliating V. dahliae V024. In vitro, strain XT1 showed to reduce fungal mycelium from 34 to 100%, depending on if the assay was conducted with the supernatant, volatile compounds, lipopeptides or whole bacterial culture. In preventive treatments, when applied directly on young olive trees, it reduced Verticillium incidence rate and percentage of severity by 54 and ~80%, respectively. It increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity by 395%, indicating an enhancement of disease resistance in plant tissues, and it decreased by 20.2% the number of fungal microsclerotia in soil. In adult infected trees, palliative inoculation of strain XT1 in the soil resulted in a reduction in Verticillium symptom severity by ~63%. Strain XT1 is biosafe, stable in soil and able to colonize olive roots endophytically. All the traits described above make B. velezensis XT1 a promising alternative to be used in agriculture for the management of Verticillium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Castro
- Xtrem Biotech S.L., European Business Innovation Center, 18100 Granada, Spain; (D.C.); (B.T.)
| | - Marta Torres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (F.M.-C.); (V.B.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sampedro
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (F.M.-C.); (V.B.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez-Checa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (F.M.-C.); (V.B.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Torres
- Xtrem Biotech S.L., European Business Innovation Center, 18100 Granada, Spain; (D.C.); (B.T.)
| | - Victoria Béjar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.); (F.M.-C.); (V.B.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Bizos G, Papatheodorou EM, Chatzistathis T, Ntalli N, Aschonitis VG, Monokrousos N. The Role of Microbial Inoculants on Plant Protection, Growth Stimulation, and Crop Productivity of the Olive Tree ( Olea europea L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060743. [PMID: 32545638 PMCID: PMC7356289 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an emblematic, long-living fruit tree species of profound economic and environmental importance. This study is a literature review of articles published during the last 10 years about the role of beneficial microbes [Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF), and Endophytes] on olive tree plant growth and productivity, pathogen control, and alleviation from abiotic stress. The majority of the studies examined the AMF effect using mostly Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus mosseae species. These AMF species stimulate the root growth improving the resistance of olive plants to environmental and transplantation stresses. Among the PGPR, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillum sp. and potassium- and phosphorous-solubilizing Bacillus sp. species were studied extensively. These PGPR species were combined with proper cultural practices and improved considerably olive plant’s growth. The endophytic bacterial species Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus sp., as well as the fungal species Trichoderma sp. were identified as the most effective biocontrol agents against olive tree diseases (e.g., Verticillium wilt, root rot, and anthracnose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Bizos
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Efimia M. Papatheodorou
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.M.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Theocharis Chatzistathis
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.C.); (V.G.A.)
| | - Nikoletta Ntalli
- Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 S. Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassilis G. Aschonitis
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.C.); (V.G.A.)
| | - Nikolaos Monokrousos
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.M.P.); (N.M.)
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Verticillium Wilt of Olive and its Control: What Did We Learn during the Last Decade? PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060735. [PMID: 32545292 PMCID: PMC7356185 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) wilt is one of the most devastating diseases affecting olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) cultivation. Its effective control strongly relies on integrated management strategies. Olive cultivation systems are experiencing important changes (e.g., high-density orchards, etc.) aiming at improving productivity. The impact of these changes on soil biology and the incidence/severity of olive pests and diseases has not yet been sufficiently evaluated. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of the pathogen and its populations, the epidemiological factors contributing to exacerbating the disease, the underlying mechanisms of tolerance/resistance, and the involvement of the olive-associated microbiota in the tree's health is needed. This knowledge will be instrumental to developing more effective control measures to confront the disease in regions where the pathogen is present, or to exclude it from V. dahliae-free areas. This review compiles the most recent advances achieved to understand the olive-V. dahliae interaction as well as measures to control the disease. Aspects such as the molecular basis of the host-pathogen interaction, the identification of new biocontrol agents, the implementation of "-omics" approaches to unravel the basis of disease tolerance, and the utilization of remote sensing technology for the early detection of pathogen attacks are highlighted.
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Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus velezensis Strain AL7, a Biocontrol Agent for Suppression of Cotton Verticillium Wilt. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/8/e01595-19. [PMID: 32079637 PMCID: PMC7033274 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01595-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis AL7, isolated from cotton soil, had strong antagonistic activity to Verticillium dahlia Kleb. The AL7 genome consisted of one chromosome with 3,894,709 bp (46.64% G+C content). Genome annotation predicted 3,706 protein-coding genes, 86 tRNAs, and 27 rRNAs. We sequenced and annotated the complete AL7 genome to help us better understand use of this strain. Bacillus velezensis AL7, isolated from cotton soil, had strong antagonistic activity to Verticillium dahlia Kleb. The AL7 genome consisted of one chromosome with 3,894,709 bp (46.64% G+C content). Genome annotation predicted 3,706 protein-coding genes, 86 tRNAs, and 27 rRNAs. We sequenced and annotated the complete AL7 genome to help us better understand use of this strain.
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Fernández-González AJ, Cardoni M, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Valverde-Corredor A, Villadas PJ, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J. Linking belowground microbial network changes to different tolerance level towards Verticillium wilt of olive. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32007096 PMCID: PMC6995654 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-0787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) is caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. One of the best VWO management measures is the use of tolerant/resistant olive cultivars. Knowledge on the olive-associated microbiome and its potential relationship with tolerance to biotic constraints is almost null. The aims of this work are (1) to describe the structure, functionality, and co-occurrence interactions of the belowground (root endosphere and rhizosphere) microbial communities of two olive cultivars qualified as tolerant (Frantoio) and susceptible (Picual) to VWO, and (2) to assess whether these communities contribute to their differential disease susceptibility level. RESULTS Minor differences in alpha and beta diversities of root-associated microbiota were detected between olive cultivars regardless of whether they were inoculated or not with the defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae. Nevertheless, significant differences were found in taxonomic composition of non-inoculated plants' communities, "Frantoio" showing a higher abundance of beneficial genera in contrast to "Picual" that exhibited major abundance of potential deleterious genera. Upon inoculation with V. dahliae, significant changes at taxonomic level were found mostly in Picual plants. Relevant topological alterations were observed in microbial communities' co-occurrence interactions after inoculation, both at structural and functional level, and in the positive/negative edges ratio. In the root endosphere, Frantoio communities switched to highly connected and low modularized networks, while Picual communities showed a sharply different behavior. In the rhizosphere, V. dahliae only irrupted in the microbial networks of Picual plants. CONCLUSIONS The belowground microbial communities of the two olive cultivars are very similar and pathogen introduction did not provoke significant alterations in their structure and functionality. However, notable differences were found in their networks in response to the inoculation. This phenomenon was more evident in the root endosphere communities. Thus, a correlation between modifications in the microbial networks of this microhabitat and susceptibility/tolerance to a soilborne pathogen was found. Moreover, V. dahliae irruption in the Picual microbial networks suggests a stronger impact on the belowground microbial communities of this cultivar upon inoculation. Our results suggest that changes in the co-occurrence interactions may explain, at least partially, the differential VWO susceptibility of the tested olive cultivars. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Fernández-González
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Martina Cardoni
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Villadas
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Anguita-Maeso M, Olivares-García C, Haro C, Imperial J, Navas-Cortés JA, Landa BB. Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Characterization of the Olive Xylem Microbiota: Effect of Sap Extraction Methods. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1708. [PMID: 32038682 PMCID: PMC6988092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbial endophytes are well known to protect host plants against pathogens, thus representing a promising strategy for the control of xylem-colonizing pathogens. To date, the vast majority of microbial communities inhabiting the olive xylem are unknown; therefore, this work pursues the characterization of the xylem-limited microbiome and determines whether the culture isolation medium, olive genotype, and the plant material used to analyze it can have an effect on the bacterial populations retrieved. Macerated xylem tissue and xylem sap extracted with the Scholander chamber from olive branches obtained from two cultivated and a wild olive genotypes were analyzed using culture-dependent and -independent approaches. In the culture-dependent approach using four solid culture media, a total of 261 bacterial isolates were identified after performing Sanger sequencing of 16S rRNA. Culturable bacteria clustered into 34 genera, with some effect of culture media for bacterial isolation. The cultivated bacteria belonged to four phyla and the most abundant genera included Frigoribacterium (18.8%), Methylobacterium (16.4%), and Sphingomonas (14.6%). On the other hand, in the culture-independent approach conducted using Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing [next-generation sequencing (NGS)] of the xylem extracts, we identified a total of 48 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to five phyla, being Sphingomonas (30.1%), Hymenobacter (24.1%) and Methylobacterium (22.4%) the most representative genera (>76% of reads). In addition, the results indicated significant differences in the bacterial communities detected in the xylem sap depending on the genotype of the olive tree studied and, to a minor extent, on the type of sap extraction method used. Among the total genera identified using NGS, 14 (41.2%) were recovered in the culture collection, whereas 20 (58.8%) in the culture collection were not captured by the NGS approach. Some of the xylem-inhabiting bacteria isolated are known biocontrol agents of plant pathogens, whereas for others little information is known and are first reported for olive. Consequently, the potential role of these bacteria in conferring olive tree protection against xylem pathogens should be explored in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Anguita-Maeso
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Haro
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Imperial
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Navas-Cortés
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Blanca B. Landa
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
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The Xylella fastidiosa-Resistant Olive Cultivar "Leccino" Has Stable Endophytic Microbiota during the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS). Pathogens 2019; 9:pathogens9010035. [PMID: 31906093 PMCID: PMC7168594 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa is a highly virulent pathogen that causes Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS), which is currently devastating olive plantations in the Salento region (Apulia, Southern Italy). We explored the microbiome associated with X. fastidiosa-infected (Xf-infected) and -uninfected (Xf-uninfected) olive trees in Salento, to assess the level of dysbiosis and to get first insights into the potential role of microbial endophytes in protecting the host from the disease. The resistant cultivar “Leccino” was compared to the susceptible cultivar “Cellina di Nardò”, in order to identify microbial taxa and parameters potentially involved in resistance mechanisms. Metabarcoding of 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS2 was used to characterize both total and endophytic microbiota in olive branches and leaves. “Cellina di Nardò” showed a drastic dysbiosis after X. fastidiosa infection, while “Leccino” (both infected and uninfected) maintained a similar microbiota. The genus Pseudomonas dominated all “Leccino” and Xf-uninfected “Cellina di Nardò” trees, whereas Ammoniphilus prevailed in Xf-infected “Cellina di Nardò”. Diversity of microbiota in Xf-uninfected “Leccino” was higher than in Xf-uninfected “Cellina di Nardò”. Several bacterial taxa specifically associated with “Leccino” showed potential interactions with X. fastidiosa. The maintenance of a healthy microbiota with higher diversity and the presence of cultivar-specific microbes might support the resistance of “Leccino” to X. fastidiosa. Such beneficial bacteria might be isolated in the future for biological treatment of the OQDS.
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50
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Fernández-González AJ, Villadas PJ, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Valverde-Corredor A, Belaj A, Mercado-Blanco J, Fernández-López M. Defining the root endosphere and rhizosphere microbiomes from the World Olive Germplasm Collection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20423. [PMID: 31892747 PMCID: PMC6938483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial and fungal communities from the olive (Olea europaea L.) root systems have not yet been simultaneously studied. We show in this work that microbial communities from the olive root endosphere are less diverse than those from the rhizosphere. But more relevant was to unveil that olive belowground communities are mainly shaped by the genotype of the cultivar when growing under the same environmental, pedological and agronomic conditions. Furthermore, Actinophytocola, Streptomyces and Pseudonocardia are the most abundant bacterial genera in the olive root endosphere, Actinophytocola being the most prevalent genus by far. In contrast, Gp6, Gp4, Rhizobium and Sphingomonas are the main genera in the olive rhizosphere. Canalisporium, Aspergillus, Minimelanolocus and Macrophomina are the main fungal genera present in the olive root system. Interestingly enough, a large number of as yet unclassified fungal sequences (class level) were detected in the rhizosphere. From the belowground microbial profiles here reported, it can be concluded that the genus Actinophytocola may play an important role in olive adaptation to environmental stresses. Moreover, the huge unknown fungal diversity here uncovered suggests that fungi with important ecological function and biotechnological potential are yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Fernández-González
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo J Villadas
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC. Campus 'Alameda del Obispo' s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC. Campus 'Alameda del Obispo' s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angjelina Belaj
- Área Mejora y Biotecnología, IFAPA-Centro Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14080, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC. Campus 'Alameda del Obispo' s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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