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Kayongo A, Ntayi ML, Olweny G, Kyalo E, Ndawula J, Ssengooba W, Kigozi E, Kalyesubula R, Munana R, Namaganda J, Caroline M, Sekibira R, Bagaya BS, Kateete DP, Joloba ML, Jjingo D, Sande OJ, Mayanja-Kizza H. Airway microbiome signature accurately discriminates Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status. iScience 2024; 27:110142. [PMID: 38904070 PMCID: PMC11187240 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest infectious agents globally. Amidst efforts to control TB, long treatment duration, drug toxicity, and resistance underscore the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Despite advances in understanding the interplay between microbiome and disease in humans, the specific role of the microbiome in predicting disease susceptibility and discriminating infection status in tuberculosis still needs to be fully investigated. We investigated the impact of M.tb infection and M.tb-specific IFNγ immune responses on airway microbiome diversity by performing TB GeneXpert and QuantiFERON-GOLD assays during the follow-up phase of a longitudinal HIV-Lung Microbiome cohort of individuals recruited from two large independent cohorts in rural Uganda. M.tb rather than IFNγ immune response mainly drove a significant reduction in airway microbiome diversity. A microbiome signature comprising Streptococcus, Neisseria, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Schaalia, Actinomyces, Cutibacterium, Brevibacillus, Microbacterium, and Beijerinckiacea accurately discriminated active TB from Latent TB and M.tb-uninfected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Moses Levi Ntayi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Olweny
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Edward Kyalo
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Josephine Ndawula
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Willy Ssengooba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Edgar Kigozi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Robert Kalyesubula
- Department of Research, African Community Center for Social Sustainability (ACCESS), Nakaseke 256, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Richard Munana
- Department of Research, African Community Center for Social Sustainability (ACCESS), Nakaseke 256, Uganda
| | - Jesca Namaganda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Musiime Caroline
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Rogers Sekibira
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Bernard Sentalo Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - David Patrick Kateete
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Moses Lutaakome Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Daudi Jjingo
- College of Computing and Information Sciences, Computer Science, Makerere University, Kampala 256, Uganda
- African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Science, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Obondo James Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
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Savulescu AF, Peton N, Oosthuizen D, Hazra R, Rousseau RP, Mhlanga MM, Coussens AK. Quantifying spatial dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of human macrophages using microfabricated patterns. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100640. [PMID: 37963461 PMCID: PMC10694489 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages provide a first line of defense against invading pathogens, including the leading cause of bacterial mortality, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A challenge for quantitative characterization of host-pathogen processes in differentially polarized primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) is their heterogeneous morphology. Here, we describe the use of microfabricated patterns that constrain the size and shape of cells, mimicking the physiological spatial confinement cells experience in tissues, to quantitatively characterize interactions during and after phagocytosis at the single-cell level at high resolution. Comparing pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) MDMs, we find interferon-γ stimulation increases the phagocytic contraction, while contraction and bacterial uptake decrease following silencing of phagocytosis regulator NHLRC2 or bacterial surface lipid removal. We identify host organelle position alterations within infected MDMs and differences in Mtb subcellular localization in line with M1 and M2 cellular polarity. Our approach can be adapted to study other host-pathogen interactions and coupled with downstream automated analytical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca F Savulescu
- Division of Chemical, Systems, & Synthetic Biology, Institute for Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
| | - Nashied Peton
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Delia Oosthuizen
- Division of Chemical, Systems, & Synthetic Biology, Institute for Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Rudranil Hazra
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Robert P Rousseau
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Musa M Mhlanga
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Epigenomics & Single Cell Biophysics Group, Department of Cell Biology, FNWI, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna K Coussens
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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3
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Naigles B, Narla AV, Soroczynski J, Tsimring LS, Hao N. Quantifying dynamic pro-inflammatory gene expression and heterogeneity in single macrophage cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105230. [PMID: 37689116 PMCID: PMC10579967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages must respond appropriately to pathogens and other pro-inflammatory stimuli in order to perform their roles in fighting infection. One way in which inflammatory stimuli can vary is in their dynamics-that is, the amplitude and duration of stimulus experienced by the cell. In this study, we performed long-term live cell imaging in a microfluidic device to investigate how the pro-inflammatory genes IRF1, CXCL10, and CXCL9 respond to dynamic interferon-gamma (IFNγ) stimulation. We found that IRF1 responds to low concentration or short duration IFNγ stimulation, whereas CXCL10 and CXCL9 require longer or higherconcentration stimulation to be expressed. We also investigated the heterogeneity in the expression of each gene and found that CXCL10 and CXCL9 have substantial cell-to-cell variability. In particular, the expression of CXCL10 appears to be largely stochastic with a subpopulation of nonresponding cells across all the stimulation conditions tested. We developed both deterministic and stochastic models for the expression of each gene. Our modeling analysis revealed that the heterogeneity in CXCL10 can be attributed to a slow chromatin-opening step that is on a similar timescale to that of adaptation of the upstream signal. In this way, CXCL10 expression in individual cells can remain stochastic in response to each pulse of repeated stimulation, which we also validated by experiments. Together, we conclude that pro-inflammatory genes in the same signaling pathway can respond to dynamic IFNγ stimulus with very different response features and that upstream signal adaptation can contribute to shaping heterogeneous gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Naigles
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Avaneesh V Narla
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jan Soroczynski
- Laboratory of Genome Architecture and Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lev S Tsimring
- Synthetic Biology Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nan Hao
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Synthetic Biology Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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4
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Pham TH, Monack DM. Turning foes into permissive hosts: manipulation of macrophage polarization by intracellular bacteria. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102367. [PMID: 37437470 PMCID: PMC10543482 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages function as tissue-immune sentinels and mediate key antimicrobial responses against bacterial pathogens. Yet, they can also act as a cellular niche for intracellular bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, to persist in infected tissues. Macrophages exhibit heterogeneous activation or polarization, states that are linked to differential antibacterial responses and bacteria permissiveness. Remarkably, recent studies demonstrate that Salmonella and other intracellular bacteria inject virulence effectors into the cellular cytoplasm to skew the macrophage polarization state and reprogram these immune cells into a permissive niche. Here, we review mechanisms of macrophage reprogramming by Salmonella and highlight manipulation of macrophage polarization as a shared bacterial pathogenesis strategy. In addition, we discuss how the interplay of bacterial effector mechanisms, microenvironmental signals, and ontogeny may shape macrophage cell states and functions. Finally, we propose ideas of how further research will advance our understanding of macrophage functional diversity and immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Hm Pham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Denise M Monack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Nasiri MJ, Silva DR, Rommasi F, Zahmatkesh MM, Tajabadi Z, Khelghati F, Sarmastzadeh T, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L, Bombarda S, Dalcolmo MP, Galvão T, de Queiroz Mello FC, Rabahi MF, Pontali E, Solovic I, Tadolini M, Marconi L, Tiberi S, van den Boom M, Sotgiu G, Migliori GB. Vaccination in post-tuberculosis lung disease management: A review of the evidence. Pulmonology 2023:S2531-0437(23)00129-0. [PMID: 37679219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD), as other chronic respiratory disorders, may have infectious complications; some of them can be prevented with vaccinations. So far, no document has discussed the potential role of vaccination in PTLD. Therefore, the objective of this review was to describe vaccination recommendations to prevent infections potentially capable of complicating PTLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-systematic review of the literature was conducted. The following keywords were used: tuberculosis, vaccination, vaccines and PTLD. PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were used as the search engine, focusing on English-language literature only. RESULTS We identified 9 vaccines potentially useful in PTLD. Influenza, pneumococcal and anti-COVID-19 vaccinations should be recommended. Patients with PTLD can also benefit from vaccination against shingles. Vaccination against pertussis is mainly relevant during childhood. Diphtheria, tetanus and measles vaccination are recommended for general population and should be considered in patients with PTLD not previously vaccinated. Tdap (Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) booster should be repeated in every adult every ten years. Vaccination against BCG retains its importance during early childhood in countries where TB is endemic. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination deserves to be considered among the strategies to prevent and/or mitigate PTLD complications. Further evidence is necessary to better understand which vaccines have the greatest impact and cost-benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - D R Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F Rommasi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M M Zahmatkesh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Tajabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Khelghati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - T Sarmastzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Centis
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
| | - L D'Ambrosio
- Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - S Bombarda
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Programa de Controle da Tuberculose, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M P Dalcolmo
- Reference Center Hélio Fraga, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T Galvão
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital Especializado Octávio Mangabeira, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - F C de Queiroz Mello
- Thorax Diseases Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M F Rabahi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - E Pontali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Solovic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Catholic University, Ruzomberok, Slovakia; National Institute of Tuberculosis, Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Vysne Hagy, Slovakia
| | - M Tadolini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Marconi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Tiberi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT United Kingdom
| | - M van den Boom
- World Health Organisation, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt
| | - G Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - G B Migliori
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy.
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Kayongo A, Nyiro B, Siddharthan T, Kirenga B, Checkley W, Lutaakome Joloba M, Ellner J, Salgame P. Mechanisms of lung damage in tuberculosis: implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1146571. [PMID: 37415827 PMCID: PMC10320222 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1146571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for COPD. Severe lung function impairment has been reported in post-TB patients. Despite increasing evidence to support the association between TB and COPD, only a few studies describe the immunological basis of COPD among TB patients following successful treatment completion. In this review, we draw on well-elaborated Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced immune mechanisms in the lungs to highlight shared mechanisms for COPD pathogenesis in the setting of tuberculosis disease. We further examine how such mechanisms could be exploited to guide COPD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brian Nyiro
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Moses Lutaakome Joloba
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jerrold Ellner
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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Pham TH, Xue Y, Brewer SM, Bernstein KE, Quake SR, Monack DM. Single-cell profiling identifies ACE + granuloma macrophages as a nonpermissive niche for intracellular bacteria during persistent Salmonella infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd4333. [PMID: 36608122 PMCID: PMC9821941 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages mediate key antimicrobial responses against intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica. Yet, they can also act as a permissive niche for these pathogens to persist in infected tissues within granulomas, which are immunological structures composed of macrophages and other immune cells. We apply single-cell transcriptomics to investigate macrophage functional diversity during persistent S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) infection in mice. We identify determinants of macrophage heterogeneity in infected spleens and describe populations of distinct phenotypes, functional programming, and spatial localization. Using an STm mutant with impaired ability to polarize macrophage phenotypes, we find that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) defines a granuloma macrophage population that is nonpermissive for intracellular bacteria, and their abundance anticorrelates with tissue bacterial burden. Disruption of pathogen control by neutralizing TNF is linked to preferential depletion of ACE+ macrophages in infected tissues. Thus, ACE+ macrophages have limited capacity to serve as cellular niche for intracellular bacteria to establish persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung H. M. Pham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan M. Brewer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Denise M. Monack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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8
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Araújo-Pereira M, Schutz C, Barreto-Duarte B, Barr D, Villalva-Serra K, Vinhaes CL, Ward A, Meintjes G, Andrade BB. Interplay between systemic inflammation, anemia, and mycobacterial dissemination and its impact on mortality in TB-associated HIV: a prospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177432. [PMID: 37143662 PMCID: PMC10151654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anemia frequently affects people living with HIV (PLHIV). Nevertheless, the impact of anemia on treatment outcomes of patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) and the underlying molecular profiles are not fully characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between anemia, the systemic inflammatory profile, dissemination of TB and death in HIV-TB patients in an ad hoc analysis of results from a prospective cohort study. Methods 496 hospitalized PLHIV ≥18 years old, with CD4 count <350 cells/μL and high clinical suspicion of new TB infection were enrolled in Cape Town between 2014-2016. Patients were classified according to anemia severity in non-anemic, mild, moderate, or severe anemia. Clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic data were collected at baseline. Hierarchical cluster analysis, degree of inflammatory perturbation, survival curves and C-statistics analyses were performed. Results Through the analysis of several clinical and laboratory parameters, we observed that those with severe anemia exhibited greater systemic inflammation, characterized by high concentrations of IL-8, IL-1RA and IL-6. Furthermore, severe anemia was associated with a higher Mtb dissemination score and a higher risk of death, particularly within 7 days of admission. Most of the patients who died had severe anemia and had a more pronounced systemic inflammatory profile. Discussion Therefore, the results presented here reveal that severe anemia is associated with greater TB dissemination and increased risk of death in PLHIV. Early identification of such patients through measurement of Hb levels may drive closer monitoring to reduce mortality. Future investigations are warranted to test whether early interventions impact survival of this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Araújo-Pereira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Humana e Experimental, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, UNIFTC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bruno B. Andrade, ; Mariana Araújo-Pereira,
| | - Charlotte Schutz
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - David Barr
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Klauss Villalva-Serra
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Caian L. Vinhaes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Humana e Experimental, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Amy Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Humana e Experimental, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, UNIFTC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bruno B. Andrade, ; Mariana Araújo-Pereira,
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9
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Exopolyphosphatases PPX1 and PPX2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis regulate dormancy response and pathogenesis. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Paredes-González IS, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Ramos-Espinosa O, López-Torres MO, Maya-Hoyos M, Mendoza-Trujillo M, Barrera-Rosales A, Mata-Espinosa D, León-Contreras JC, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Espitia C, Hernández-Pando R. Effect of mycobacterial proteins that target mitochondria on the alveolar macrophages activation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Exp Lung Res 2022; 48:251-265. [PMID: 36102603 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2022.2120649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the study: During the early and progressive (late) stages of murine experimental pulmonary tuberculosis, the differential activation of macrophages contributes to disease development by controlling bacterial growth and immune regulation. Mycobacterial proteins P27 and PE_PGRS33 can target the mitochondria of macrophages. This study aims to evaluate the effect of both proteins on macrophage activation during mycobacterial infection. Materials and methods: We assess both proteins for mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and morphological changes, as well as bactericide activity, production of metabolites, cytokines, and activation markers in infected MQs. The cell line MH-S was used for all the experiments. Results: We show that P27 and PE_PGRS33 proteins modified mitochondrial dynamics, oxygen consumption, bacilli growth, cytokine production, and some genes that contribute to macrophage alternative activation and mycobacterial intracellular survival. Conclusions: Our findings showed that these bacterial proteins partially contribute to promoting M2 differentiation by altering mitochondrial metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Selene Paredes-González
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Octavio Ramos-Espinosa
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Othoniel López-Torres
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Milena Maya-Hoyos
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Monserrat Mendoza-Trujillo
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Barrera-Rosales
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Espitia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Actor JK, Nguyen TKT, Wasik-Smietana A, Kruzel ML. Modulation of TDM-induced granuloma pathology by human lactoferrin: a persistent effect in mice. Biometals 2022; 36:603-615. [PMID: 35976499 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LTF), an iron binding protein, is known to exhibit immune modulatory effects on pulmonary pathology during insult-induced models of primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. The effects of LTF correlate with modulation of the immune related development of the pathology, and altering of the histological nature of the physically compact and dense lung granuloma in mice. Specifically, a recombinant human version of LTF limits immediate progression of granulomatous severity following administration of the Mtb cell wall mycolic acid, trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), in part through reduced pro-inflammatory responses known to control these events. This current study investigates a limited course of LTF to modulate not only initiation, but also maintenance and resolution of pathology post development of the granulomatous response in mice. Comparison is made to a fusion of LTF with the Fc domain of IgG2 (FcLTF), which is known to extend LTF half-life in circulation. TDM induced granulomas were examined at extended times post insult (day 7 and 14). Both LTF and the novel FcLTF exerted sustained effects on lung granuloma pathology. Reduction of pulmonary pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β occurred, correlating with reduced pathology. Increase in IL-6, known to regulate granuloma maintenance, was also seen with the LTFs. The FcLTF demonstrated greater impact than the recombinant LTF, and was superior in limiting damage to pulmonary tissues while limiting residual inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Actor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, MSB 2.214, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Thao K T Nguyen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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12
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Upton CM, van Wijk RC, Mockeliunas L, Simonsson US, McHarry K, van den Hoogen G, Muller C, von Delft A, van der Westhuizen HM, van Crevel R, Walzl G, Baptista PM, Peter J, Diacon AH. Safety and efficacy of BCG re-vaccination in relation to COVID-19 morbidity in healthcare workers: A double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101414. [PMID: 35582122 PMCID: PMC9098089 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCG vaccination prevents severe childhood tuberculosis (TB) and was introduced in South Africa in the 1950s. It is hypothesised that BCG trains the innate immune system by inducing epigenetic and functional reprogramming, thus providing non-specific protection from respiratory tract infections. We evaluated BCG for reduction of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 in healthcare workers in South Africa. METHODS This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial recruited healthcare workers at three facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa, unless unwell, pregnant, breastfeeding, immunocompromised, hypersensitivity to BCG, or undergoing experimental COVID-19 treatment. Participants received BCG or saline intradermally (1:1) and were contacted once every 4 weeks for 1 year. COVID-19 testing was guided by symptoms. Hospitalisation, COVID-19, and respiratory tract infections were assessed with Cox proportional hazard modelling and time-to-event analyses, and event severity with post hoc Markovian analysis. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04379336. FINDINGS Between May 4 and Oct 23, 2020, we enrolled 1000 healthcare workers with a median age of 39 years (IQR 30-49), 70·4% were female, 16·5% nurses, 14·4% medical doctors, 48·5% had latent TB, and 15·3% had evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Hospitalisation due to COVID-19 occurred in 15 participants (1·5%); ten (66·7%) in the BCG group and five (33·3%) in the placebo group, hazard ratio (HR) 2·0 (95% CI 0·69-5·9, p = 0·20), indicating no statistically significant protection. Similarly, BCG had no statistically significant effect on COVID-19 (p = 0·63, HR = 1·08, 95% CI 0·82-1·42). Two participants (0·2%) died from COVID-19 and two (0·2%) from other reasons, all in the placebo group. INTERPRETATION BCG did not protect healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection or related severe COVID-19 disease and hospitalisation. FUNDING Funding provided by EDCTP, grant number RIA2020EF-2968. Additional funding provided by private donors including: Mediclinic, Calavera Capital (Pty) Ltd, Thys Du Toit, Louis Stassen, The Ryan Foundation, and Dream World Investments 401 (Pty) Ltd. The computations were enabled by resources in project SNIC 2020-5-524 provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at UPPMAX, partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement No. 2018-05,973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn M. Upton
- TASK HQ, Cape Town 7500, South Africa
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rob C. van Wijk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Chantal Muller
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Lung Institute and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arné von Delft
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, and SAMRC Centre for TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Parow 7505, South Africa
| | - Pedro M. Baptista
- Spain and ARAID Foundation, Institute of Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jonathan Peter
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Lung Institute and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Song J, Chao J, Hu X, Wen X, Ding C, Li D, Zhang D, Han S, Yu X, Yan B, Jin Z, Song Y, Gonzales J, Via LE, Zhang L, Wang D. E3 Ligase FBXW7 Facilitates Mycobacterium Immune Evasion by Modulating TNF-α Expression. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:851197. [PMID: 35651754 PMCID: PMC9149249 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.851197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a crucial factor in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Pathogenic mycobacteria can inhibit and/or regulate host cell TNF-α production in a variety of ways to evade antituberculosis (anti-TB) immunity as well as facilitate immune escape. However, the mechanisms by which TNF-α expression in host cells is modulated to the benefit of mycobacteria is still an interesting topic and needs further study. Here, we report that macrophages infected with Mycobacterium marinum (Mm)—a close relative of Mtb—upregulated the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7. Specific silencing FBXW7 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly elevates TNF-α expression and eventually promotes the elimination of intracellular bacteria. In turn, overexpression of FBXW7 in Raw264.7 macrophages markedly decreased TNF-α production. Furthermore, partial inhibition of FBXW7 in an Mm-infected murine model significantly reduced TNF-α tissue content, alleviated tissue damage as well as reduced the bacterial load of mouse tails. Finally, FBXW7 could decrease TNF-α in a K63-linked ubiquitin signaling dependent manner. Taken together, our study uncovered a previously unknown role of FBXW7 in regulating TNF-α dynamics during mycobacterial infection, which provides new insights into understanding the role of FBXW7 in anti-tuberculosis immunity and its related clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jin Chao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Cairong Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Department of Pathology, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Jin
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Yinhong Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jacqueline Gonzales
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, and Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, and Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Zhang, ; Decheng Wang,
| | - Decheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Zhang, ; Decheng Wang,
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Mishra A, Singh VK, Jagannath C, Subbian S, Restrepo BI, Gauduin MC, Khan A. Human Macrophages Exhibit GM-CSF Dependent Restriction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection via Regulating Their Self-Survival, Differentiation and Metabolism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859116. [PMID: 35634283 PMCID: PMC9134823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF is an important cytokine that regulates the proliferation of monocytes/macrophages and its various functions during health and disease. Although growing evidences support the notion that GM-CSF could play a major role in immunity against tuberculosis (TB) infection, the mechanism of GM-CSF mediated protective effect against TB remains largely unknown. Here in this study we examined the secreted levels of GM-CSF by human macrophages from different donors along with the GM-CSF dependent cellular processes that are critical for control of M. tuberculosis infection. While macrophage of different donors varied in their ability to produce GM-CSF, a significant correlation was observed between secreted levels of GM-CSF, survial of macrophages and intra-macrophage control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. GM-CSF levels secreted by macrophages negatively correlated with the intra-macrophage M. tuberculosis burden, survival of infected host macrophages positively correlated with their GM-CSF levels. GM-CSF-dependent prolonged survival of human macrophages also correlated with significantly decreased bacterial burden and increased expression of self-renewal/cell-survival associated genes such as BCL-2 and HSP27. Antibody-mediated depletion of GM-CSF in macrophages resulted in induction of significantly elevated levels of apoptotic/necrotic cell death and a simultaneous decrease in autophagic flux. Additionally, protective macrophages against M. tuberculosis that produced more GM-CSF, induced a stronger granulomatous response and produced significantly increased levels of IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-10 and decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-6. In parallel, macrophages isolated from the peripheral blood of active TB patients exhibited reduced capacity to control the intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis and produced significantly lower levels of GM-CSF. Remarkably, as compared to healthy controls, macrophages of active TB patients exhibited significantly altered metabolic state correlating with their GM-CSF secretion levels. Altogether, these results suggest that relative levels of GM-CSF produced by human macrophages plays a critical role in preventing cell death and maintaining a protective differentiation and metabolic state of the host cell against M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vipul K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Blanca I. Restrepo
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Marie-Claire Gauduin
- Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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Ahmad F, Rani A, Alam A, Zarin S, Pandey S, Singh H, Hasnain SE, Ehtesham NZ. Macrophage: A Cell With Many Faces and Functions in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:747799. [PMID: 35603185 PMCID: PMC9122124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.747799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB) which primarily infects the macrophages. Nearly a quarter of the world's population is infected latently by Mtb. Only around 5%-10% of those infected develop active TB disease, particularly during suppressed host immune conditions or comorbidity such as HIV, hinting toward the heterogeneity of Mtb infection. The aerosolized Mtb first reaches the lungs, and the resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) are among the first cells to encounter the Mtb infection. Evidence suggests that early clearance of Mtb infection is associated with robust innate immune responses in resident macrophages. In addition to lung-resident macrophage subsets, the recruited monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) have been suggested to have a protective role during Mtb infection. Mtb, by virtue of its unique cell surface lipids and secreted protein effectors, can evade killing by the innate immune cells and preferentially establish a niche within the AMs. Continuous efforts to delineate the determinants of host defense mechanisms have brought to the center stage the crucial role of macrophage phenotypical variations for functional adaptations in TB. The morphological and functional heterogeneity and plasticity of the macrophages aid in confining the dissemination of Mtb. However, during a suppressed or hyperactivated immune state, the Mtb virulence factors can affect macrophage homeostasis which may skew to favor pathogen growth, causing active TB. This mini-review is aimed at summarizing the interplay of Mtb pathomechanisms in the macrophages and the implications of macrophage heterogeneity and plasticity during Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshu Rani
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
| | - Anwar Alam
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheeba Zarin
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Hina Singh
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed Ehtesham Hasnain
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Nasreen Zafar Ehtesham
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
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16
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More S, Marakalala MJ, Sathekge M. Tuberculosis: Role of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging With Potential Impact of Neutrophil-Specific Tracers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:758636. [PMID: 34957144 PMCID: PMC8703031 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.758636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
With Tuberculosis (TB) affecting millions of people worldwide, novel imaging modalities and tools, particularly nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, have grown with greater interest to assess the biology of the tuberculous granuloma and evolution thereof. Much early work has been performed at the pre-clinical level using gamma single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) agents exploiting certain characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). Both antituberculous SPECT and positron emission tomography (PET) agents have been utilised to characterise MTb. Other PET tracers have been utilised to help to characterise the biology of MTb (including Gallium-68-labelled radiopharmaceuticals). Of all the tracers, 2-[18F]FDG has been studied extensively over the last two decades in many aspects of the treatment paradigm of TB: at diagnosis, staging, response assessment, restaging, and in potentially predicting the outcome of patients with latent TB infection. Its lower specificity in being able to distinguish different inflammatory cell types in the granuloma has garnered interest in reviewing more specific agents that can portend prognostic implications in the management of MTb. With the neutrophil being a cell type that portends this poorer prognosis, imaging this cell type may be able to answer more accurately questions relating to the tuberculous granuloma transmissivity and may help in characterising patients who may be at risk of developing active TB. The formyl peptide receptor 1(FPR1) expressed by neutrophils is a key marker in this process and is a potential target to characterise these areas. The pre-clinical work regarding the role of radiolabelled N-cinnamoyl –F-(D) L – F – (D) –L F (cFLFLF) (which is an antagonist for FPR1) using Technetium 99m-labelled conjugates and more recently radiolabelled with Gallium-68 and Copper 64 is discussed. It is the hope that further work with this tracer may accelerate its potential to be utilised in responding to many of the current diagnostic dilemmas and challenges in TB management, thereby making the tracer a translatable option in routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart More
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Stuart More
| | - Mohlopheni J. Marakalala
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
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17
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Llibre A, Dedicoat M, Burel JG, Demangel C, O’Shea MK, Mauro C. Host Immune-Metabolic Adaptations Upon Mycobacterial Infections and Associated Co-Morbidities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747387. [PMID: 34630426 PMCID: PMC8495197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial diseases are a major public health challenge. Their causative agents include, in order of impact, members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (causing tuberculosis), Mycobacterium leprae (causing leprosy), and non-tuberculous mycobacterial pathogens including Mycobacterium ulcerans. Macrophages are mycobacterial targets and they play an essential role in the host immune response to mycobacteria. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the immune-metabolic adaptations of the macrophage to mycobacterial infections. This metabolic rewiring involves changes in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism, as well as in the use of fatty acids and that of metals such as iron, zinc and copper. The macrophage metabolic adaptations result in changes in intracellular metabolites, which can post-translationally modify proteins including histones, with potential for shaping the epigenetic landscape. This review will also cover how critical tuberculosis co-morbidities such as smoking, diabetes and HIV infection shape host metabolic responses and impact disease outcome. Finally, we will explore how the immune-metabolic knowledge gained in the last decades can be harnessed towards the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools, as well as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Llibre
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Dedicoat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julie G. Burel
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Matthew K. O’Shea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Ahmed A, Rakshit S, Adiga V, Dias M, Dwarkanath P, D'Souza G, Vyakarnam A. A century of BCG: Impact on tuberculosis control and beyond. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:98-121. [PMID: 33955564 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BCG turns 100 this year and while it might not be the perfect vaccine, it has certainly contributed significantly towards eradication and prevention of spread of tuberculosis (TB). The search for newer and better vaccines for TB is an ongoing endeavor and latest results from trials of candidate TB vaccines such as M72AS01 look promising. However, recent encouraging data from BCG revaccination trials in adults combined with studies on mucosal and intravenous routes of BCG vaccination in non-human primate models have renewed interest in BCG for TB prevention. In addition, several well-demonstrated non-specific effects of BCG, for example, prevention of viral and respiratory infections, give BCG an added advantage. Also, BCG vaccination is currently being widely tested in human clinical trials to determine whether it protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or death with detailed analyses and outcomes from several ongoing trials across the world awaited. Through this review, we attempt to bring together information on various aspects of the BCG-induced immune response, its efficacy in TB control, comparison with other candidate TB vaccines and strategies to improve its efficiency including revaccination and alternate routes of administration. Finally, we discuss the future relevance of BCG use especially in light of its several heterologous benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmed
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Srabanti Rakshit
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - George D'Souza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
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19
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Azer K, Kaddi CD, Barrett JS, Bai JPF, McQuade ST, Merrill NJ, Piccoli B, Neves-Zaph S, Marchetti L, Lombardo R, Parolo S, Immanuel SRC, Baliga NS. History and Future Perspectives on the Discipline of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Modeling and Its Applications. Front Physiol 2021; 12:637999. [PMID: 33841175 PMCID: PMC8027332 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.637999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical biology and pharmacology models have a long and rich history in the fields of medicine and physiology, impacting our understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutics. With an increased focus on the pharmacology application of system models and the advances in data science spanning mechanistic and empirical approaches, there is a significant opportunity and promise to leverage these advancements to enhance the development and application of the systems pharmacology field. In this paper, we will review milestones in the evolution of mathematical biology and pharmacology models, highlight some of the gaps and challenges in developing and applying systems pharmacology models, and provide a vision for an integrated strategy that leverages advances in adjacent fields to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Azer
- Quantitative Sciences, Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Chanchala D. Kaddi
- Quantitative Sciences, Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Jane P. F. Bai
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Sean T. McQuade
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Nathaniel J. Merrill
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Benedetto Piccoli
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Susana Neves-Zaph
- Translational Disease Modeling, Data and Data Science, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | - Luca Marchetti
- Fondazione the Microsoft Research – University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Rosario Lombardo
- Fondazione the Microsoft Research – University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Silvia Parolo
- Fondazione the Microsoft Research – University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
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20
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Kiran D, Basaraba RJ. Lactate Metabolism and Signaling in Tuberculosis and Cancer: A Comparative Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:624607. [PMID: 33718271 PMCID: PMC7952876 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.624607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) leading to tuberculosis (TB) disease continues to be a major global health challenge. Critical barriers, including but not limited to the development of multi-drug resistance, lack of diagnostic assays that detect patients with latent TB, an effective vaccine that prevents Mtb infection, and infectious and non-infectious comorbidities that complicate active TB, continue to hinder progress toward a TB cure. To complement the ongoing development of new antimicrobial drugs, investigators in the field are exploring the value of host-directed therapies (HDTs). This therapeutic strategy targets the host, rather than Mtb, and is intended to augment host responses to infection such that the host is better equipped to prevent or clear infection and resolve chronic inflammation. Metabolic pathways of immune cells have been identified as promising HDT targets as more metabolites and metabolic pathways have shown to play a role in TB pathogenesis and disease progression. Specifically, this review highlights the potential role of lactate as both an immunomodulatory metabolite and a potentially important signaling molecule during the host response to Mtb infection. While long thought to be an inert end product of primarily glucose metabolism, the cancer research field has discovered the importance of lactate in carcinogenesis and resistance to chemotherapeutic drug treatment. Herein, we discuss similarities between the TB granuloma and tumor microenvironments in the context of lactate metabolism and identify key metabolic and signaling pathways that have been shown to play a role in tumor progression but have yet to be explored within the context of TB. Ultimately, lactate metabolism and signaling could be viable HDT targets for TB; however, critical additional research is needed to better understand the role of lactate at the host-pathogen interface during Mtb infection before adopting this HDT strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall J. Basaraba
- Metabolism of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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21
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Heme Oxygenase-1 as a Pharmacological Target for Host-Directed Therapy to Limit Tuberculosis Associated Immunopathology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020177. [PMID: 33530574 PMCID: PMC7911872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammation and tissue damage are pathological hallmarks of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Despite decades of research, host regulation of these clinical consequences is poorly understood. A sustained effort has been made to understand the contribution of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to this process. HO-1 is an essential cytoprotective enzyme in the host that controls inflammation and oxidative stress in many pathological conditions. While HO-1 levels are upregulated in animals and patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), how it regulates host responses and disease pathology during TB remains unclear. This lack of clarity is due in part to contradictory studies arguing that HO-1 induction contributes to both host resistance as well as disease progression. In this review, we discuss these conflicting studies and the role of HO-1 in modulating myeloid cell functions during Mtb disease progression. We argue that HO-1 is a promising target for host-directed therapy to improve TB immunopathology.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R DiNardo
- From the Global Tuberculosis Program, William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital (A.R.D.), the Immigrant and Global Health Program, Department of Pediatrics (A.R.D.), and the Departments of Medicine and Molecular Virology and Microbiology (D.M.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, and the Medical Care Line, Infectious Disease Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.M.M.) - all in Houston; the Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.G.N.); and the Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.G.N.)
| | - Mihai G Netea
- From the Global Tuberculosis Program, William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital (A.R.D.), the Immigrant and Global Health Program, Department of Pediatrics (A.R.D.), and the Departments of Medicine and Molecular Virology and Microbiology (D.M.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, and the Medical Care Line, Infectious Disease Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.M.M.) - all in Houston; the Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.G.N.); and the Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.G.N.)
| | - Daniel M Musher
- From the Global Tuberculosis Program, William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital (A.R.D.), the Immigrant and Global Health Program, Department of Pediatrics (A.R.D.), and the Departments of Medicine and Molecular Virology and Microbiology (D.M.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, and the Medical Care Line, Infectious Disease Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.M.M.) - all in Houston; the Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.G.N.); and the Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.G.N.)
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23
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Restrepo BI, Khan A, Singh VK, Erica de-Leon, Aguillón-Durán GP, Ledezma-Campos E, Canaday DH, Jagannath C. Human monocyte-derived macrophage responses to M. tuberculosis differ by the host's tuberculosis, diabetes or obesity status, and are enhanced by rapamycin. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 126:102047. [PMID: 33418150 PMCID: PMC7887072 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human macrophages play a major role in controlling tuberculosis (TB), but their anti-mycobacterial mechanisms remain unclear among individuals with metabolic alterations like obesity (TB protective) or diabetes (TB risk). To help discern this, we aimed to: i) Evaluate the impact of the host's TB status or their comorbidities on the anti-mycobacterial responses of their monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), and ii) determine if the autophagy inducer rapamycin, can enhance these responses. We used MDMs from newly diagnosed TB patients, their close contacts and unexposed controls. The MDMs from TB patients had a reduced capacity to activate T cells (surrogate for antigen presentation) or kill M. tuberculosis (Mtb) when compared to non-TB controls. The MDMs from obese participants had a higher antigen presenting capacity, whereas those from chronic diabetes patients displayed lower Mtb killing. The activation of MDMs with rapamycin led to an enhanced anti-mycobacterial activity irrespective of TB status but was not as effective in patients with diabetes. Further studies are warranted using MDMs from TB patients with or without metabolic comorbidities to: i) elucidate the mechanisms through which host factors affect Mtb responses, and ii) evaluate host directed therapy using autophagy-inducing drugs like rapamycin to enhance macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca I Restrepo
- University of Texas Health Houston, School of Public Health, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, USA; University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, 1214 W Schunior, Edinburg, TX, USA.
| | - Arshad Khan
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Weill-Cornell Medicine, TX, USA.
| | - Vipul K Singh
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Weill-Cornell Medicine, TX, USA.
| | - Erica de-Leon
- University of Texas Health Houston, School of Public Health, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, USA.
| | - Génesis P Aguillón-Durán
- University of Texas Health Houston, School of Public Health, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, USA; Secretaria de Salud de Tamaulipas, Reynosa and Ciudad Victoria, Mexico.
| | | | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Disease, Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland, VA, OH, USA.
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24
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Giacalone D, Huang L, Tan S. Exploiting Fluorescent Proteins to Understand Mycobacterium tuberculosis Biology. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2314:365-383. [PMID: 34235663 PMCID: PMC8381720 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1460-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The utility of fluorescent proteins in bacterial research has long been appreciated, with extensive use in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis field. In more recent years, a new generation of fluorescent tools has been developed for use in M. tuberculosis research. These new fluorescent reporters exploit the immense genetic and transcriptional knowledge now available, and enable the use of the bacteria as direct reporters of the local environment during infection, as well as provide insight into bacterial replication status in situ. Here we describe methods for the construction of such fluorescent reporter M. tuberculosis strains, and their use in combination with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry approaches for single bacterium-level analyses of M. tuberculosis physiology and M. tuberculosis-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Giacalone
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Shumin Tan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Cardoso-Toset F, Gómez-Laguna J, Gómez-Gascón L, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Galán-Relaño A, Carrasco L, Tarradas C, Vela AI, Luque I. Histopathological and microbiological study of porcine lymphadenitis: contributions to diagnosis and control of the disease. Porcine Health Manag 2020; 6:36. [PMID: 33292778 PMCID: PMC7716504 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-020-00172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis like lesions (TBL) in free-range pigs are characterised by presenting a marked heterogeneity in pathology and microbiology features, with a notorious role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), Trueperella pyogenes and different Streptococcus species. However, the capacity of these microorganism to spread to different organic cavities leading to a generalised disease is unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the organic distribution of these agents in free-range pig carcasses whole condemned due to generalised TBL. A total of 37 totally condemned animals were analysed, and samples of lymph nodes and organs were obtained (n = 262) and subjected to histopathological and microbiological examination. In addition, T. pyogenes and streptococci species were further characterised by PFGE analysis. Two different patterns were evidenced with lack or occasional lesions in superficial inguinal (SILN) and popliteal (PLN) lymph nodes and advanced lesions in submandibular (SLN) (35/36) and gastrohepatic (GHLN) (33/35) lymph nodes (stages III and IV). Early stage granulomas (stage I and II) prevailed in lungs (16/20), liver (14/31) and spleen (7/18). The microbiological analysis revealed that MTC, detected by qPCR, was present in 31 out of 37 animals and 90 (90/262) samples. In 26 out of the 31 pigs, MTC was detected from two or more organs. SLN (24/31) and GHLN (19/31) were the MTC+ organs most frequently detected, with 29 out of 31 MTC+ pigs detected as positive in one or both samples, which points out that both lymph nodes must be included in the sampling of surveillance programs. Other pathogens, such as T. pyogenes and Streptococcus spp., were also involved in generalised lymphadenitis, being frequently isolated from SLN and other organs, such as liver (T. pyogenes), tonsils or lung (Streptococcus spp.). A wide genetic diversity among streptococci was observed, showing the ubiquitous character of these pathogens, however, the isolation of a single clone of T. pyogenes from different organic locations from animals with generalised TBL was a common finding of this study, highlighting that the role of this pathogen in porcine lymphadenitis may be underestimated. These results should be considered in future studies on the pathogenesis and control of porcine lymphadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene M Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angela Galán-Relaño
- Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Tarradas
- Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana I Vela
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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26
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Xu Y, Yu J, Ma C, Gong Z, Wu X, Deng G. Impact of knockdown LincRNA-Cox2 on apoptosis of macrophage infected with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Mol Immunol 2020; 130:85-95. [PMID: 33250268 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-induced apoptosis of alveolar macrophages plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Previous studies indicated that massive LncRNAs could deteriorate MTB invasion or latent infection by regulating macrophage's apoptosis. However, whether LincRNA-Cox2 is involved in apoptosis of macrophage infected with Mtb is unclear. In this study, we found Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)infection induced cell apoptosis with a increasing LincRNA-Cox2 expression in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the activation of TLR signal pathway elevated the expression of lincRNA-Cox2. In this regard, we used small interfering RNA to explore the role of LincRNA-Cox2 on regulating apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells infected with BCG. The results showed that si-LincRNA-Cox2 was capable of increased the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and accumulation of ROS in BCG-infected RAW264.7 cells. Mechanically, si-LincRNA-Cox2 facilitated BCG-induced macrophage apoptosis by activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as well as increased the genes expression of PERK/eIF2α/CHOP. These results provide novel insights into host-pathogen interactions and highlight the potential role of LincRNA-Cox2 in regulating apoptosis induced by BCG-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xu
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Chenjie Ma
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhaoqian Gong
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Guangcun Deng
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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27
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Nore KG, Jørgensen MJ, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Jenum S, Tonby K. Elevated Levels of Anti-Inflammatory Eicosanoids and Monocyte Heterogeneity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579849. [PMID: 33304347 PMCID: PMC7693556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and have been suggested as possible Host Directed Therapy (HDT) targets, but more knowledge of eicosanoid dynamics in Mtb infection is required. We investigated the levels and ratios of eicosanoid mediators and their cellular sources, monocyte subsets and CD4 T cells in Tuberculosis (TB) patients with various clinical states of Mtb infection. Patients consenting to prospective enrolment in a TB quality registry and biorepository, 16 with pulmonary TB (before and at-end-of treatment), 14 with extrapulmonary TB and 17 latently infected (LTBI) were included. Plasma levels of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), and Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Monocyte subsets and CD4 T cells and their expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Prostaglandin receptor EP2 (EP2), and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) were analyzed by flow cytometry with and without Purified Protein Derivate (PPD)-stimulation. Pulmonary TB patients had elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory mediator LXA4 at diagnosis compared to LTBI (p < 0.01), while levels of PGE2 and LTB4 showed no difference between clinical states of Mtb infection. LTB4 was the only mediator to be reduced upon treatment (p < 0.05), along with the ratio LTB4/LXA4 (p < 0.01). Pulmonary TB patients had higher levels of total monocytes at diagnosis compared to end-of-treatment and LTBI (both p < 0.05), and a relative increase in the classical monocyte subset. All monocyte subsets had low basal expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX, which were markedly increased upon PPD stimulation. By contrast, the expression of EP2 was reduced upon stimulation. CD4 T cells expressed low basal COX-2 activity that increased modestly upon stimulation, whereas their basal expression of 5-LOX was considerable. In conclusion, the level of eicosanoids in plasma seem to vary between clinical states of Mtb infection. Mediators in the eicosanoid system are present in monocytes and CD4 T cells. The expression of eicosanoids in monocytes are responsive to mycobacterial stimulation independent of Mtb disease state, but subsets are heterogeneous with regard to eicosanoid-mediator expression. Further exploration of eicosanoid mediators as targets for HDT in TB are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Grotle Nore
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marthe Jøntvedt Jørgensen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Jenum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tonby
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Mishra R, Kohli S, Malhotra N, Bandyopadhyay P, Mehta M, Munshi M, Adiga V, Ahuja VK, Shandil RK, Rajmani RS, Seshasayee ASN, Singh A. Targeting redox heterogeneity to counteract drug tolerance in replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/518/eaaw6635. [PMID: 31723039 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw6635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to tolerate multiple antibiotics represents a major problem in tuberculosis (TB) management. Heterogeneity in Mtb populations is one of the factors that drives antibiotic tolerance during infection. However, the mechanisms underpinning this variation in bacterial population remain poorly understood. Here, we show that phagosomal acidification alters the redox physiology of Mtb to generate a population of replicating bacteria that display drug tolerance during infection. RNA sequencing of this redox-altered population revealed the involvement of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas, and drug efflux pumps in antibiotic tolerance. The fraction of the pH- and redox-dependent tolerant population increased when Mtb infected macrophages with actively replicating HIV-1, suggesting that redox heterogeneity could contribute to high rates of TB therapy failure during HIV-TB coinfection. Pharmacological inhibition of phagosomal acidification by the antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) eradicated drug-tolerant Mtb, ameliorated lung pathology, and reduced postchemotherapeutic relapse in in vivo models. The pharmacological profile of CQ (C max and AUClast) exhibited no major drug-drug interaction when coadministered with first line anti-TB drugs in mice. Our data establish a link between phagosomal pH, redox metabolism, and drug tolerance in replicating Mtb and suggest repositioning of CQ to shorten TB therapy and achieve a relapse-free cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sakshi Kohli
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nitish Malhotra
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Parijat Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - MohamedHusen Munshi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Radha K Shandil
- Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aswin Sai Narain Seshasayee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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29
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Hough KP, Curtiss ML, Blain TJ, Liu RM, Trevor J, Deshane JS, Thannickal VJ. Airway Remodeling in Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:191. [PMID: 32509793 PMCID: PMC7253669 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways that may result from exposure to allergens or other environmental irritants, resulting in bronchoconstriction, wheezing, and shortness of breath. The structural changes of the airways associated with asthma, broadly referred to as airway remodeling, is a pathological feature of chronic asthma that contributes to the clinical manifestations of the disease. Airway remodeling in asthma constitutes cellular and extracellular matrix changes in the large and small airways, epithelial cell apoptosis, airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, and fibroblast activation. These pathological changes in the airway are orchestrated by crosstalk of different cell types within the airway wall and submucosa. Environmental exposures to dust, chemicals, and cigarette smoke can initiate the cascade of pro-inflammatory responses that trigger airway remodeling through paracrine signaling and mechanostimulatory cues that drive airway remodeling. In this review, we explore three integrated and dynamic processes in airway remodeling: (1) initiation by epithelial cells; (2) amplification by immune cells; and (3) mesenchymal effector functions. Furthermore, we explore the role of inflammaging in the dysregulated and persistent inflammatory response that perpetuates airway remodeling in elderly asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Hough
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Miranda L Curtiss
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Trevor J Blain
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jennifer Trevor
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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30
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Nguyen TKT, Niaz Z, d'Aigle J, Hwang SA, Kruzel ML, Actor JK. Lactoferrin reduces mycobacterial M1-type inflammation induced with trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate and facilitates the entry of fluoroquinolone into granulomas. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 99:73-80. [PMID: 32402212 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) results in the formation of a densely packed granulomatous response that essentially limits the entry and efficacy of immune effector cells. Furthermore, the physical nature of the granuloma does not readily permit the entry of therapeutic agents to sites where organisms reside. The Mtb cell wall mycolic acid, trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), is a physiologically relevant molecule for modelling macrophage-mediated events during the establishment of the tuberculosis-induced granuloma pathogenesis. At present, there are no treatments for tuberculosis that focus on modulating the host's immune responses. Previous studies showed that lactoferrin (LF), a natural iron-binding protein proven to modulate inflammation, can ameliorate the cohesiveness of granuloma. This led to a series of studies that further examined the effects of recombinant human LF (rHLF) on the histological progression of TDM-induced pathology. Treatment with rHLF demonstrated significant reduction in size and number of inflammatory foci following injections of TDM, together with reduced levels pulmonary pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. LF facilitated greater penetration of fluoroquinolone to the sites of pathology. Mice treated with TDM alone demonstrated exclusion of ofloxacin to regions of inflammatory response, whereas the animals treated with rHLF demonstrated increased penetration to inflammatory foci. Finally, recent findings support the hypothesis that this mycobacterial mycolic acid can specifically recruit M1-like polarized macrophages; rHLF treatment was shown to limit the level of this M1-like phenotypic recruitment, corresponding highly with decreased inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao K T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zainab Niaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John d'Aigle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shen-An Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marian L Kruzel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Actor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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31
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Delannoy C, Huang C, Coddeville B, Chen JY, Mouajjah D, Groux-Degroote S, Harduin-Lepers A, Khoo KH, Guerardel Y, Elass-Rochard E. Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection alters the macrophage N-glycome. Mol Omics 2020; 16:345-354. [PMID: 32270793 DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00173e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage glycosylation is essential to initiate the host-immune defense but may also be targeted by pathogens to promote infection. Indeed, the alteration of the cell-surface glycosylation status may affect the binding of lectins involved in cell activation and adhesion. Herein, we demonstrate that infection by M. bovis BCG induces the remodeling of the N-glycomes of both human primary blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and macrophage-cell line THP1. MALDI-MS based N-glycomic analysis established that mycobacterial infection induced increased synthesis of biantennary and multifucosylated complex type N-glycans. In contrast, infection of macrophages by M. bovis BCG did not modify the glycosphingolipids composition of macrophages. Further nano-LC-MSn glycotope-centric analysis of total N-glycans demonstrated that the increased fucosylation was due to an increased expression of the Lex (Galβ1-4[Fucα1-3]GlcNAc) epitope, also known as stage-specific embryonic antigen-1. Modification of the surface expression of Lex was further confirmed in both MDM and THP-1 cells by FACS analysis using an α1,3-linked fucose specific lectin. Activation with the mycobacterial lipopeptide Pam3Lp19, an agonist of toll-like receptor 2, did not modify the overall fucosylation pattern, which suggests that the infection process is required to modify surface glycosylation. These results pave the way toward the understanding of infection-triggered cell-surface remodeling of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Delannoy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59 000 Lille, France.
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32
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Intelligent Mechanisms of Macrophage Apoptosis Subversion by Mycobacterium. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030218. [PMID: 32188164 PMCID: PMC7157668 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the first innate defense barriers and play an indispensable role in communication between innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. The macrophages can undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis), which is a crucial step to limit the intracellular growth of bacilli by liberating them into extracellular milieu in the form of apoptotic bodies. These bodies can be taken up by the macrophages for the further degradation of bacilli or by the dendritic cells, thereby leading to the activation of T lymphocytes. However, Mtb has the ability to interplay with complex signaling networks to subvert macrophage apoptosis. Here, we describe the intelligent strategies of Mtb inhibition of macrophages apoptosis. This review provides a platform for the future study of unrevealed Mtb anti-apoptotic mechanisms and the design of therapeutic interventions.
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33
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Sorgi CA, Soares EM, Rosada RS, Bitencourt CS, Zoccal KF, Pereira PAT, Fontanari C, Brandão I, Masson AP, Ramos SG, Silva CL, Frantz FG, Faccioli LH. Eicosanoid pathway on host resistance and inflammation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is comprised by LTB4 reduction but not PGE2 increment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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Mycobacterial Trehalose 6,6'-Dimycolate-Induced M1-Type Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:286-294. [PMID: 31734231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Murine models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection demonstrate progression of M1-like (proinflammatory) and M2-like (anti-inflammatory) macrophage morphology following primary granuloma formation. The Mtb cell wall cording factor, trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), is a physiologically relevant and useful molecule for modeling early macrophage-mediated events during establishment of the tuberculosis-induced granuloma pathogenesis. Here, it is shown that TDM is a major driver of the early M1-like macrophage response as seen during initiation of the granulomas of primary pathology. Proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p40 are produced in lung tissue after administration of TDM to mice. Furthermore, CD11b+CD45+ macrophages with a high surface expression of the M1-like markers CD38 and CD86 were found present in regions of pathology in lungs of mice at 7 days post-TDM introduction. Conversely, only low phenotypic marker expression of M2-like markers CD206 and EGR-2 were present on macrophages. These findings suggest that TDM plays a role in establishment of the M1-like shift in the microenvironment during primary tuberculosis.
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35
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Rodriguez-Cruz A, Vesin D, Ramon-Luing L, Zuñiga J, Quesniaux VFJ, Ryffel B, Lascurain R, Garcia I, Chávez-Galán L. CD3 + Macrophages Deliver Proinflammatory Cytokines by a CD3- and Transmembrane TNF-Dependent Pathway and Are Increased at the BCG-Infection Site. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2550. [PMID: 31787969 PMCID: PMC6855269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential cells of the innate immune response against microbial infections, and they have the ability to adapt under both pro- and anti-inflammatory conditions and develop different functions. A growing body of evidence regarding a novel macrophage subpopulation that expresses CD3 has recently emerged. Here, we explain that human circulating monocytes can be differentiated into CD3+TCRαβ+ and CD3+TCRαβ− macrophages. Both cell subpopulations express on their cell surface HLA family molecules, but only the CD3+TCRαβ+ macrophage subpopulation co-express CD1 family molecules and transmembrane TNF (tmTNF). CD3+TCRαβ+ macrophages secrete IL-1β, IL-6 IP-10, and MCP-1 by both tmTNF- and CD3-dependent pathways, while CD3+TCRαβ− macrophages specifically produce IFN-γ, TNF, and MIP-1β by a CD3-dependent pathway. In this study, we also used a mouse model of BCG-induced pleurisy and demonstrated that CD3+ myeloid cells (TCRαβ+ and TCRαβ− cells) are increased at the infection sites during the acute phase (2 weeks post-infection). Interestingly, cell increment was mediated by tmTNF, and the soluble form of TNF was dispensable. BCG-infection also induced the expression of TNF receptor 2 on CD3+ myeloid cells, which increased after BCG-infection, suggesting that the tmTNF/TNFRs axis plays an important role in the presence or function of these cells in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rodriguez-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dominique Vesin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucero Ramon-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquin Zuñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valérie F J Quesniaux
- Experimental Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (UMR7355), CNRS and University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Experimental Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (UMR7355), CNRS and University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Ricardo Lascurain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Hospital Nacional Homeopático, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irene Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leslie Chávez-Galán
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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36
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Wang M, Gauthier A, Daley L, Dial K, Wu J, Woo J, Lin M, Ashby C, Mantell LL. The Role of HMGB1, a Nuclear Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule, in the Pathogenesis of Lung Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:954-993. [PMID: 31184204 PMCID: PMC6765066 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: High-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous nuclear protein, regulates chromatin structure and modulates the expression of many genes involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and many other lung diseases, including those that regulate cell cycle control, cell death, and DNA replication and repair. Extracellular HMGB1, whether passively released or actively secreted, is a danger signal that elicits proinflammatory responses, impairs macrophage phagocytosis and efferocytosis, and alters vascular remodeling. This can result in excessive pulmonary inflammation and compromised host defense against lung infections, causing a deleterious feedback cycle. Recent Advances: HMGB1 has been identified as a biomarker and mediator of the pathogenesis of numerous lung disorders. In addition, post-translational modifications of HMGB1, including acetylation, phosphorylation, and oxidation, have been postulated to affect its localization and physiological and pathophysiological effects, such as the initiation and progression of lung diseases. Critical Issues: The molecular mechanisms underlying how HMGB1 drives the pathogenesis of different lung diseases and novel therapeutic approaches targeting HMGB1 remain to be elucidated. Future Directions: Additional research is needed to identify the roles and functions of modified HMGB1 produced by different post-translational modifications and their significance in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Such studies will provide information for novel approaches targeting HMGB1 as a treatment for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Alex Gauthier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - LeeAnne Daley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Katelyn Dial
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Joanna Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Mosi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Charles Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Lin L. Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
- Center for Inflammation and Immunology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
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37
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Bravo M, Combes T, Martinez FO, Cerrato R, Rey J, Garcia-Jimenez W, Fernandez-Llario P, Risco D, Gutierrez-Merino J. Lactobacilli Isolated From Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) Antagonize Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in a Species-Dependent Manner. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1663. [PMID: 31417502 PMCID: PMC6683848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Wildlife poses a significant burden for the complete eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). In particular, wild boar (Sus scrofa) is one of the most important reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis, the causal agent of bTB. Wild boar can display from mild TB lesions, usually found in head lymph nodes, to generalized TB lesions distributed in different anatomical regions; but rarely clinical signs, which complicates the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection and bTB control. Among the possibilities for this variability in lesion distribution is the influence of the host-beneficial commensal-primed immune barrier. In this respect, beneficial microbes may delay bTB dissemination as a consequence of an antagonistic competition for nutrients and phagocytes. In order to explore this possibility, we have tested whether typical commensals such as lactobacilli have the capacity to reduce the survival rate of the surrogate M. bovis strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG); and to modulate its phagocyte intake. Results: Three Lactobacillus species, L. casei, L. plantarum, and L. salivarius, isolated from wild boar feces displayed a pH-dependent inhibitory activity against BCG and influenced its intake by porcine blood phagocytes in a species-dependent manner. All lactobacilli showed a very significant bactericidal effect against BCG at low pH, but only isolates of L. plantarum and L. casei displayed such antimycobacterial activity at neutral pH. The genomes of these isolates revealed the presence of two-peptide bacteriocins whose precursor genes up-regulate in the presence of BCG cells. Furthermore, L. plantarum reduced significantly the BCG phagocytic intake, whereas L. casei had the opposite effect. L. salivarius had no significant influence on the phagocytic response to BCG. Conclusions: Our in vitro results show that lactobacilli isolated from wild boar antagonize BCG as a consequence of their antimycobacterial activity and a competitive phagocytic response. These findings suggest that commensal bacteria could play a beneficial role in influencing the outcome of bTB dissemination. Further work with lactobacilli as a potential competitive pressure to control bTB will need to take into account the complex nature of the commensal microbiome, the specific immunity of the wild boar and the in vivo infection context with pathogenic strains of M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bravo
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados SL, Cáceres, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Theo Combes
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Rosario Cerrato
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados SL, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rey
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | - David Risco
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados SL, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Gutierrez-Merino
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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38
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BoseDasgupta S, Pieters J. Macrophage-microbe interaction: lessons learned from the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:577-591. [PMID: 30306257 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, being the cornerstone of the immune system, have adapted the ancient nutrient acquisition mechanism of phagocytosis to engulf various infectious organisms thereby helping to orchestrate an appropriate host response. Phagocytosis refers to the process of internalization and degradation of particulate material, damaged and senescent cells and microorganisms by specialized cells, after which the vesicle containing the ingested particle, the phagosome, matures into acidic phagolysosomes upon fusion with hydrolytic enzyme-containing lysosomes. The destructive power of the macrophage is further exacerbated through the induction of macrophage activation upon a variety of inflammatory stimuli. Despite being the end-point for many phagocytosed microbes, the macrophage can also serve as an intracellular survival niche for a number of intracellular microorganisms. One microbe that is particularly successful at surviving within macrophages is the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can efficiently manipulate the macrophage at several levels, including modulation of the phagocytic pathway as well as interfering with a number of immune activation pathways that normally would lead to eradication of the internalized bacilli. M. tuberculosis excels at circumventing destruction within macrophages, thus establishing itself successfully for prolonged times within the macrophage. In this contribution, we describe a number of general features of macrophages in the context of their function to clear an infection, and highlight the strategies employed by M. tuberculosis to counter macrophage attack. Interestingly, research on the evasion tactics employed by M. tuberculosis within macrophages not only helps to design strategies to curb tuberculosis, but also allows a better understanding of host cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdeb BoseDasgupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Jean Pieters
- Department of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 50-70 Klingelbergstrasse, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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