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Staudacher M, Hotz JF, Kriz R, Schefberger K, Schneider L, Spettel K, Starzengruber P, Hagemann JB, Leutzendorff A, Burgmann H, Lagler H. Differences in oxazolidinone resistance mechanisms and small colony variants emergence of Staphylococcus aureus induced in an in vitro resistance development model. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2292077. [PMID: 38055244 PMCID: PMC10849000 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2292077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections are associated with a high burden of disease, case fatality rate and healthcare costs. Oxazolidinones such as linezolid and tedizolid are considered potential treatment choices for conditions involving methicillin resistance or penicillin allergies. Additionally, they are being investigated as potential inhibitors of toxins in toxin-mediated diseases. In this study, linezolid and tedizolid were evaluated in an in vitro resistance development model for induction of resistance in S. aureus. Whole genome sequencing was conducted to elucidate resistance mechanisms through the identification of causal mutations. After inducing resistance to both linezolid and tedizolid, several partially novel single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were detected in the rplC gene, which encodes the 50S ribosome protein L3 in S. aureus. These SNVs were found to decrease the binding affinity, potentially serving as the underlying cause for oxazolidinone resistance. Furthermore, in opposite to linezolid we were able to induce phenotypically small colony variants of S. aureus after induction of resistance with tedizolid for the first time in literature. In summary, even if different antibiotic concentrations were required and SNVs were detected, the principal capacity of S. aureus to develop resistance to oxazolidinones seems to differ between linezolid and tedizolid in-vivo but not in vitro. Stepwise induction of resistance seems to be a time and cost-effective tool for assessing resistance evolution. Inducted-resistant strains should be examined and documented for epidemiological reasons, if MICs start to rise or oxazolidinone-resistant S. aureus outbreaks become more frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Staudacher
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Angiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Frederic Hotz
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Evangelic Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Kriz
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Schefberger
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Schneider
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Spettel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Starzengruber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Amelie Leutzendorff
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Burgmann
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heimo Lagler
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Mortelé O, van Kleef-van Koeveringe S, Vandamme S, Jansens H, Goossens H, Matheeussen V. Epidemiology and genetic diversity of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus clinical isolates in Belgium from 2013 to 2021. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 38:21-26. [PMID: 38719188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Linezolid-resistant opportunistic human pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are emerging health threats as limited therapeutic options remain. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, and genetic diversity of linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) isolated between 2013 and 2021 and received at the Belgian National Reference Centre (NRC) for Enterococci. METHODS Linezolid susceptibility testing was performed upon request on 2458 submitted enterococci strains. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on all LRE strains. RESULTS Seventy-eight LRE human isolates, of which 63 (81%) E. faecalis and 15 (19%) E. faecium strains, were submitted to the Belgian NRC for Enterococci. Of the linezolid-resistant E. faecalis strains, 97% harboured the optrA gene (56% wild-type pE349) and 3% the poxtA gene. Of the linezolid-resistant E. faecium strains, 54% harboured the G2576T point mutation in the V domain of the 23S rRNA genes, 23% the poxtA, and 23% the optrA gene. Furthermore, two E. faecium strains were identified with a combination of two resistance mechanisms ([i] optrA and poxtA, and [ii] cfr(B) and G2576T point mutation, respectively). Vancomycin resistance was observed in 15% (n = 12) of the LRE. ST480 (n = 42/63 typed strains, 67%) was the most frequently detected sequence type (ST) in linezolid-resistant E. faecalis strains, while ST203 (n = 5/15 typed strains, 33%) was the most frequently detected ST in linezolid-resistant E. faecium strains. CONCLUSIONS E. faecalis isolates harbouring optrA were the predominant LRE in Belgium, with ST480 as the most prominent multilocus sequence typing. Linezolid resistance in E. faecium could be attributed to either chromosomal mutations or transferable resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mortelé
- National Reference Centre for Enterococci and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Stefanie van Kleef-van Koeveringe
- National Reference Centre for Enterococci and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vandamme
- National Reference Centre for Enterococci and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Hilde Jansens
- National Reference Centre for Enterococci and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- National Reference Centre for Enterococci and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Veerle Matheeussen
- National Reference Centre for Enterococci and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Tebano G, Zaghi I, Baldasso F, Calgarini C, Capozzi R, Salvadori C, Cricca M, Cristini F. Antibiotic Resistance to Molecules Commonly Prescribed for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens: What Is Relevant for the Clinician? Pathogens 2024; 13:88. [PMID: 38276161 PMCID: PMC10819222 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive pathogens is a relevant concern, particularly in the hospital setting. Several antibiotics are now available to treat these drug-resistant pathogens, such as daptomycin, dalbavancin, linezolid, tedizolid, ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, and fosfomycin. However, antibiotic resistance can also affect these newer molecules. Overall, this is not a frequent phenomenon, but it is a growing concern in some settings and can compromise the effectiveness of these molecules, leaving few therapeutic options. We reviewed the available evidence about the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance to these antibiotics and the main molecular mechanisms of resistance, particularly methicillin-resistant Sthaphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. We discussed the interpretation of susceptibility tests when minimum inhibitory concentrations are not available. We focused on the risk of the emergence of resistance during treatment, particularly for daptomycin and fosfomycin, and we discussed the strategies that can be implemented to reduce this phenomenon, which can lead to clinical failure despite appropriate antibiotic treatment. The judicious use of antibiotics, epidemiological surveillance, and infection control measures is essential to preserving the efficacy of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Tebano
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Irene Zaghi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
- Unit of Microbiology, The Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, 47522 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Francesco Baldasso
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì and Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì and Cesena, Italy; (F.B.); (R.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Calgarini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Capozzi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì and Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì and Cesena, Italy; (F.B.); (R.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Salvadori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Monica Cricca
- Unit of Microbiology, The Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, 47522 Cesena, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Cristini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì and Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì and Cesena, Italy; (F.B.); (R.C.); (F.C.)
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Bender JK, Fleige C, Funk F, Moretó-Castellsagué C, Fischer MA, Werner G. Linezolid Resistance Genes and Mutations among Linezolid-Susceptible Enterococcus spp.-A Loose Cannon? Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:101. [PMID: 38275330 PMCID: PMC10812394 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The National Reference Centre for Enterococci receives an increasing number of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus isolates. Linezolid (LIN) resistance is mediated by G2576T 23S rDNA gene mutations and/or acquisition of resistance genes (cfr, optrA, poxtA). There are anecdotal reports that those resistance traits may be present in phenotypically linezolid-susceptible isolates. We aimed to determine the prevalence of LIN resistance genes and mutations in enterococci with a LIN MIC of 4 mg/L in broth microdilution (EUCAST = susceptible) isolated from German hospital patients 2019-2021. LIN MICs were additionally determined by ETEST® and VITEK2. Selected strains were subjected to LIN selective pressure and growth was monitored with increasing antibiotic concentrations. We received 195 isolates (LIN MIC = 4 mg/L). In total, 78/195 (40%) isolates contained either a putative resistance gene, the G2576T mutation, or a combination thereof. Very major error was high for broth microdilution. The ability to predict phenotypic resistance from genotypic profile was highest for G2576T-mediated resistance. Selection experiments revealed that, in particular, E. faecium isolates with resistance gene mutations or poxtA rapidly adapt to MICs above the clinical breakpoint. In conclusion, LIN resistance genes and mutations can be observed in phenotypically linezolid-susceptible enterococci. Those isolates may rapidly develop resistance under LIN selective pressure potentially leading to treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Bender
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany (F.F.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.F.); (G.W.)
| | - Carola Fleige
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany (F.F.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.F.); (G.W.)
| | - Finn Funk
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany (F.F.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.F.); (G.W.)
| | - Clara Moretó-Castellsagué
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany (F.F.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.F.); (G.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin A. Fischer
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany (F.F.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.F.); (G.W.)
| | - Guido Werner
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany (F.F.); (C.M.-C.); (M.A.F.); (G.W.)
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Ndukwe ARN, Qin J, Wiedbrauk S, Boase NRB, Fairfull-Smith KE, Totsika M. In Vitro Activities of Oxazolidinone Antibiotics Alone and in Combination with C-TEMPO against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1706. [PMID: 38136740 PMCID: PMC10741017 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a global health concern. The propensity of MRSA to form biofilms is a significant contributor to its pathogenicity. Strategies to treat biofilms often involve small molecules that disperse the biofilm into planktonic cells. Linezolid and, by extension, theoxazolidinones have been developed to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria such as MRSA. However, the clinical development of these antibiotics has mainly assessed the susceptibility of planktonic cells to the drug. Previous studies evaluating the anti-biofilm activity of theoxazolidinones have mainly focused on the biofilm inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, with only a few studies investigating the activity of oxazolidinones for eradicating established biofilms for these species. Very little is known about the ability of oxazolidinones to eradicate MRSA biofilms. In this work, five oxazolidinones were assessed against MRSA biofilms using a minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay. All oxazolidinones had inherent antibiofilm activity. However, only ranbezolid could completely eradicate MRSA biofilms at clinically relevant concentrations. The susceptibility of the MRSA biofilms to ranbezolid was synergistically enhanced by coadministration with the nitroxide biofilm dispersal agent C-TEMPO. We presume that ranbezolid acts as a dual warhead drug, which combines the mechanism of action of the oxazolidinones with a nitric oxide donor or cytotoxic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R. N. Ndukwe
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (A.R.N.N.); (J.Q.)
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (S.W.); (N.R.B.B.); (K.E.F.-S.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Jilong Qin
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (A.R.N.N.); (J.Q.)
| | - Sandra Wiedbrauk
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (S.W.); (N.R.B.B.); (K.E.F.-S.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Nathan R. B. Boase
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (S.W.); (N.R.B.B.); (K.E.F.-S.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (S.W.); (N.R.B.B.); (K.E.F.-S.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (A.R.N.N.); (J.Q.)
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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Wendel AF, Otchwemah R, Layer-Nicolaou F, Mattner F, Tellez-Castillo CJ, Skov R, Oberländer H, Werner G, Strommenger B. Investigating a possible link between antiseptic treatment and the increased occurrence of daptomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:1334.e1-1334.e6. [PMID: 37321393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because of a steady increase in the detection of daptomycin-resistant (DAP-R) Staphylococcus aureus at three medical centres in Cologne, Germany, molecular surveillance was established from June 2016 to June 2018 to investigate the causes of the emergence and spread of respective isolates. Seventy-five S. aureus isolates, both DAP-R and DAP-susceptible, were collected from 42 patients for further analysis. METHODS Broth microdilution was used to determine the MICs for DAP and polyhexamethylene biguanide/polyhexanide (PHMB). To investigate the effect of PHMB on the development of DAP resistance, we performed selection experiments with PHMB. All isolates studied were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and molecular data were analysed comparatively. RESULTS Acquisition of DAP resistance was mainly observed in patients with acute and chronic wounds (40/42, 96.2%) treated with antiseptic (32/42, 76.2%) rather than systemic antibiotic therapy using DAP or vancomycin (7/42, 16.7%). DAP-R S. aureus had a diverse genetic background; however, within individual patients, isolates were closely related. At least three potential transmission events were detected. Most DAP-R isolates had concomitant elevated MICs for PHMB (50/54, 92.6%), and in vitro selection experiments confirmed that PHMB treatment is capable of generating DAP resistance. DAP resistance could be linked to 12 different polymorphisms in the mprF gene in the majority of clinical isolates (52/54, 96.3%) as well as in all in vitro selected strains. DISCUSSION DAP resistance in S. aureus can occur independently of prior antibiotic therapy and can be selected by PHMB. Therefore, wound treatment with PHMB may trigger individual resistance development associated with gain-of-function mutations in the mprF gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Wendel
- Institute of Hygiene, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, University Hospital of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany; Division of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Robin Otchwemah
- Institute of Hygiene, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, University Hospital of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany; Division of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Franziska Layer-Nicolaou
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division 'Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances', National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Frauke Mattner
- Institute of Hygiene, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, University Hospital of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany; Division of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Robert Skov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, MVZ Synlab Leverkusen GmbH, Köln-Merheim, Germany
| | - Henrik Oberländer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Centre, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, University Hospital of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division 'Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances', National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Birgit Strommenger
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division 'Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances', National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode, Germany.
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Bender JK, Baufeld E, Becker K, Claus H, Dudakova A, Dörre A, Fila N, Fleige C, Hamprecht A, Hoffmann A, Hogardt M, Kaasch AJ, Kola A, Kriebel N, Layer-Nicolaou F, Marschal M, Molitor E, Mutters NT, Liese J, Nelkenbrecher C, Neumann B, Rohde H, Steinmann J, Sörensen M, Thelen P, Weig M, Zautner AE, Werner G. CHROMAgar™ LIN-R as an efficient screening tool to assess the prevalence of linezolid-resistant enterococci in German hospital patients-a multicentre study approach, 2021-2022. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2185-2191. [PMID: 37473450 PMCID: PMC10477123 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, an increasing number of linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) was recognized at the German National Reference Centre (NRC) for Enterococci. National guidelines on infection prevention recommend screening for LRE in epidemiologically linked hospital settings without referring to a reliable and rapid diagnostic method. Since 2020, CHROMAgar™ provide a chromogenic linezolid screening agar, LIN-R, suitable to simultaneously screen for linezolid-resistant staphylococci and enterococci. OBJECTIVES To assess the applicability of CHROMAgar™ LIN-R in clinical settings for detecting LRE directly from patient material and to infer prevalence rates of LRE amongst German hospital patients. METHODS During the 3-month trial period, clinical samples were plated on CHROMAgar™ LIN-R. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using VITEK2 or disc diffusion. At the NRC, linezolid resistance was determined by broth microdilution, multiplex-PCR for cfr/optrA/poxtA and by a restriction-based assay for 23S rDNA mutations. RESULTS The 12 participating study sites used 13 963 CHROMAgar™ LIN-R plates during the study period. Of 442 presumptive LRE, 192 were confirmed by phenotypic methods. Of these, 161 were received by the NRC and 121 (75%) were verified as LRE. Most of LR-E. faecium 53/81 (65%) exhibited a 23S rRNA gene mutation as the sole resistance-mediating mechanism, whereas optrA constituted the dominant resistance trait in LR-E. faecalis [39/40 (98%)]. Prevalence of LRE across sites was estimated as 1% (ranging 0.18%-3.7% between sites). CONCLUSIONS CHROMAgar™ LIN-R represents a simple and efficient LRE screening tool in hospital settings. A high proportion of false-positive results demands validation of linezolid resistance by a reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Bender
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Elsa Baufeld
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karsten Becker
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heike Claus
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Dudakova
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Achim Dörre
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Fila
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carola Fleige
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Axel Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg and Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Armin Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hogardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Achim J Kaasch
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Axel Kola
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Kriebel
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Franziska Layer-Nicolaou
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Matthias Marschal
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ernst Molitor
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico T Mutters
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Liese
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Nelkenbrecher
- Institute of Hospital Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumann
- Institute of Hospital Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Holger Rohde
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinmann
- Institute of Hospital Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sörensen
- Laboratory Prof. Gisela Enders and Colleagues, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Thelen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg and Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Weig
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas E Zautner
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
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8
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Messele YE, Trott DJ, Hasoon MF, Veltman T, McMeniman JP, Kidd SP, Petrovski KR, Low WY. Phylogeny, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Profiles of Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Australian Feedlot Cattle and Their Significance to Public and Environmental Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1122. [PMID: 37508218 PMCID: PMC10376260 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent of similarity between E. faecium strains found in healthy feedlot beef cattle and those causing extraintestinal infections in humans is not yet fully understood. This study used whole-genome sequencing to analyse the antimicrobial resistance profile of E. faecium isolated from beef cattle (n = 59) at a single feedlot and compared them to previously reported Australian isolates obtained from pig (n = 60) and meat chicken caecal samples (n = 8), as well as human sepsis cases (n = 302). The E. faecium isolated from beef cattle and other food animal sources neither carried vanA/vanB responsible for vancomycin nor possessed gyrA/parC and liaR/liaS gene mutations associated with high-level fluoroquinolone and daptomycin resistance, respectively. A small proportion (7.6%) of human isolates clustered with beef cattle and pig isolates, including a few isolates belonging to the same sequence types ST22 (one beef cattle, one pig, and two human isolates), ST32 (eight beef cattle and one human isolate), and ST327 (two beef cattle and one human isolate), suggesting common origins. This provides further evidence that these clonal lineages may have broader host range but are unrelated to the typical hospital-adapted human strains belonging to clonal complex 17, significant proportions of which contain vanA/vanB and liaR/liaS. Additionally, none of the human isolates belonging to these STs contained resistance genes to WHO critically important antimicrobials. The results confirm that most E. faecium isolated from beef cattle in this study do not pose a significant risk for resistance to critically important antimicrobials and are not associated with current human septic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes E Messele
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mauida F Hasoon
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tania Veltman
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Joe P McMeniman
- Meat & Livestock Australia, Level 1, 40 Mount Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Stephen P Kidd
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kiro R Petrovski
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wai Y Low
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
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9
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Werner G, Abu Sin M, Bahrs C, Brogden S, Feßler AT, Hagel S, Kaspar H, Köck R, Kreienbrock L, Krüger-Haker H, Maechler F, Noll I, Pletz MW, Tenhagen BA, Schwarz S, Walther B, Mielke M. [Therapy-relevant antibiotic resistances in a One Health context]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03713-4. [PMID: 37184673 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
One Health refers to a concept that links human, animal, and environmental health. In Germany, there is extensive data on antibiotic resistance (AMR) and multidrug-resistant (micro)organisms (MDRO) in human and veterinary medicine, as well as from studies in various environmental compartments (soil, water, wastewater). All these activities are conducted according to different specifications and standards, which makes it difficult to compare data. A focus on AMR and MDRO of human therapeutic importance is helpful to provide some guidance. Most data are available across sectors on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multiresistant Enterobacterales such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Here, the trends of resistance are heterogeneous. Antibiotic use leads to MRE selection, which is well documented. Success in minimizing antibiotic use has also been demonstrated in recent years in several sectors and could be correlated with success in containing AMR and MDRO (e.g., decrease in MRSA in human medicine). Sector-specific measures to reduce the burden of MDRO and AMR are also necessary, as not all resistance problems are linked to other sectors. Carbapenem resistance is still rare, but most apparent in human pathogens. Colistin resistance occurs in different sectors but shows different mechanisms in each. Resistance to antibiotics of last resort such as linezolid is rare in Germany, but shows a specific One Health correlation. Efforts to harmonize methods, for example in the field of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genome-based pathogen and AMR surveillance, are an important first step towards a better comparability of the different data collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Werner
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Abt. Infektionskrankheiten, Fachgebiet Nosokomiale Infektionserreger und Antibiotikaresistenzen, Robert Koch-Institut, Außenstelle Wernigerode, Burgstr. 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Deutschland.
| | - Muna Abu Sin
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Consumption and Healthcare-Associated Infections, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christina Bahrs
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Sandra Brogden
- Institut für Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informationsverarbeitung, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Tiermedizinisches Zentrum für Resistenzforschung (TZR), Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Hagel
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Robin Köck
- Bereich Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Essen, Deutschland
- Institut für Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Institut für Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informationsverarbeitung, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Henrike Krüger-Haker
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Tiermedizinisches Zentrum für Resistenzforschung (TZR), Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Frederike Maechler
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ines Noll
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Consumption and Healthcare-Associated Infections, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
- Fachbereich Epidemiologie, Zoonosen und Antibiotikaresistenz, Abteilung Biologische Sicherheit, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung BfR, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Tiermedizinisches Zentrum für Resistenzforschung (TZR), Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Birgit Walther
- Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- Fachgebiet Mikrobiologische Risiken, Abteilung Umwelthygiene, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Deutschland
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10
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Rödenbeck M, Ayobami O, Eckmanns T, Pletz MW, Bleidorn J, Markwart R. Clinical epidemiology and case fatality due to antimicrobial resistance in Germany: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2021. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200672. [PMID: 37199987 PMCID: PMC10197495 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.20.2200672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of public health concern worldwide.AimWe aimed to summarise the German AMR situation for clinicians and microbiologists.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 60 published studies and data from the German Antibiotic-Resistance-Surveillance (ARS). Primary outcomes were AMR proportions in bacterial isolates from infected patients in Germany (2016-2021) and the case fatality rates (2010-2021). Random and fixed (common) effect models were used to calculate pooled proportions and pooled case fatality odds ratios, respectively.ResultsThe pooled proportion of meticillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus infections (MRSA) was 7.9% with a declining trend between 2014 and 2020 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.886-0.891; p < 0.0001), while vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium (VRE) bloodstream infections increased (OR = 1.18; (95% CI: 1.16-1.21); p < 0.0001) with a pooled proportion of 34.9%. Case fatality rates for MRSA and VRE were higher than for their susceptible strains (OR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.91-2.75 and 1.69; 95% CI: 1.22-2.33, respectively). Carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli) was low to moderate (< 9%), but resistance against third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones was moderate to high (5-25%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited high resistance against carbapenems (17.0%; 95% CI: 11.9-22.8), third-generation cephalosporins (10.1%; 95% CI: 6.6-14.2) and fluoroquinolones (24.9%; 95% CI: 19.3-30.9). Statistical heterogeneity was high (I2 > 70%) across studies reporting resistance proportions.ConclusionContinuous efforts in AMR surveillance and infection prevention and control as well as antibiotic stewardship are needed to limit the spread of AMR in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rödenbeck
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaniyi Ayobami
- Unit for Healthcare Associated Infections, Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance and Consumption, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Eckmanns
- Unit for Healthcare Associated Infections, Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance and Consumption, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jutta Bleidorn
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Robby Markwart
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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11
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Todorić Z, Majdandžić I, Keretić Kregar T, Herljević Z, Ćorić M, Lešin J, Kuliš T, Mareković I. Increasing trend in enterococcal bacteraemia and vancomycin resistance in a tertiary care hospital in Croatia, 2017-2021. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:9-16. [PMID: 36240424 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2131901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of enterococcal bacteraemia has changed worldwide and vancomycin-resistant enterococci increasingly cause healthcare-associated infections) with limited treatment options. Studies show heterogeneity among countries, regions and individual hospitals. METHODS We retrospectively analysed enterococcal bacteraemia with Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium at the largest hospital in Croatia, University Hospital Centre Zagreb from January 2017 to December 2021. RESULTS A total of 432 cases of enterococcal bacteraemia were identified with 256 (59.3%) due to E. faecalis and 176 (40.7%) to E. faecium. Enterococcal bacteraemia occurred more frequently in men (n = 270; 62.5%) and the median age of all patients was 62 years (IQR: 0-92). We found statistically significant increase in the incidence trend of bacteraemic episodes with an annual percent change of 20.9% (95% confidence interval 14.3 to 27.8; p = .002) predominantly due to an increase of E. faecalis bacteraemia. The majority of patients (362/432; 83.8%) had healthcare-associated infections and 38.0% (165/432) of patients were in the intensive care unit. The proportion of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteraemia increased from 12.7% (n = 8/63) in 2017 to 25.7% (n = 29/113) in 2021, statistically significant increasing trend (p = .0455), mainly due to an increased proportion of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (p = .0169). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study describing the trends in enterococcal bacteraemia and vancomycin-resistance in enterococci in Croatia. We found a rising trend in enterococcal bacteraemia and in the proportion of vancomycin resistance and identified the most vulnerable patient groups, notably intensive care unit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Todorić
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Majdandžić
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Keretić Kregar
- Institute of Public Health of Varaždin County, Ivana Meštrovića bb, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Zoran Herljević
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Ćorić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Joško Lešin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kuliš
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mareković
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Lienen T, Grobbel M, Tenhagen BA, Maurischat S. Plasmid-Coded Linezolid Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Food and Livestock in Germany. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121802. [PMID: 36551459 PMCID: PMC9774410 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from food and livestock to last resort antibiotics such as linezolid is highly concerning, since treatment options for infections in humans might be diminished. Known mechanisms of linezolid resistance include point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene and in the ribosomal proteins L3, L4 and L22 as well as an acquisition of the cfr, optrA or poxtA gene. The objective of our study was to characterize antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants and phylogenetic relationships among linezolid-resistant (LR-) MRSA from food and livestock. In total, from more than 4000 incoming isolates in the years 2012 to 2021, only two strains from 2015 originating from pig samples exhibited linezolid resistance in the antimicrobial susceptibility testing with MICs of ≥8 mg/L. These LR-MRSA were characterized in detail by whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses using cgMLST. The LR-MRSA strains showed resistances to ten and eight different antibiotics, respectively. Both strains harbored plasmid-coded cfr genes mediating the linezolid resistance. The cfr genes showed identical sequences in both strains. In addition to the cfr gene, genes for phenicol and clindamycin resistance were detected on the respective plasmids, opening the possibility for a co-selection. The LR-MRSA differed distantly in the phylogenetic analyses and also to other MRSA from pig samples in the year 2015. In conclusion, the occurrence of LR-MRSA in food and livestock seems to be very rare in Germany. However, carriage of plasmids with linezolid resistance determinants could lead to further linezolid-resistant strains by horizontal gene transfer.
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13
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Omobolanle Adesanya E, Daniel Ogunlakin A. Potential Use of African Botanicals and Other Compounds in the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by the group of Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly called Staph infections, and over 30 types of Staphylococcal bacteria exist with Staphylococcus aureus causing about 90% of the infections from the genus. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major cause of both hospital- and community-acquired infections with major concern arising from its strain of species that is resistant to many antibiotics. One of such strain is the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that has been described to be a resistance to methicillin drugs. Another is glycopeptides-resistant emerging from the increased use of glycopeptides drugs. This continuous emergence and spread of new resistant strains of S. aureus is a major challenge which makes the search for novel anti-resistant agents imperative. The development of vaccines from natural and synthetic products is some of the measures being proposed for the protection against the infections. Also, the development of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies for passive immunization is sought for, and attentions with regard to arriving at successful trials have been directed back to medicinal plant research as an alternative. This review discusses the treatment strategies of MRSA, the antibacterial property of various medicinal plants, and the influence of their active compounds on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), as well as to recommend the path to future research in this area.
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14
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Yeh SL, Narasimhalu N, Vom Steeg LG, Muthami J, LeConey S, He Z, Pitcher M, Cassady H, Morley VJ, Cho SH, Bator C, Koshani R, Woods RJ, Hickner M, Read AF, Sheikhi A. Ion Exchange Biomaterials to Capture Daptomycin and Prevent Resistance Evolution in Off-Target Bacterial Populations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42864-42875. [PMID: 36103577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Daptomycin (DAP), a cyclic anionic lipopeptide antibiotic, is among the last resorts to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections, caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. DAP is administered intravenously, and via biliary excretion, ∼5-10% of the intravenous DAP dose arrives in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where it drives resistance evolution in the off-target populations of E. faecium bacteria. Previously, we have shown in vivo that the oral administration of cholestyramine, an ion exchange biomaterial (IXB) sorbent, prevents DAP treatment from enriching DAP resistance in the populations of E. faecium shed from mice. Here, we investigate the biomaterial-DAP interfacial interactions to uncover the antibiotic removal mechanisms. The IXB-mediated DAP capture from aqueous media was measured in controlled pH/electrolyte solutions and in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) to uncover the molecular and colloidal mechanisms of DAP removal from the GI tract. Our findings show that the IXB electrostatically adsorbs the anionic antibiotic via a time-dependent diffusion-controlled process. Unsteady-state diffusion-adsorption mass balance describes the dynamics of adsorption well, and the maximum removal capacity is beyond the electric charge stoichiometric ratio because of DAP self-assembly. This study may open new opportunities for optimizing cholestyramine adjuvant therapy to prevent DAP resistance, as well as designing novel biomaterials to remove off-target antibiotics from the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Lin Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Naveen Narasimhalu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Landon G Vom Steeg
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joy Muthami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sean LeConey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zeming He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mica Pitcher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Harrison Cassady
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Valerie J Morley
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sung Hyun Cho
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Carol Bator
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Roya Koshani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Robert J Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Michael Hickner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew F Read
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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15
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The Impact of COVID-19 on the Profile of Hospital-Acquired Infections in Adult Intensive Care Units. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101146. [PMID: 34680727 PMCID: PMC8532680 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a global public health concern. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, its contribution to mortality and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) grows, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). A two-year retrospective study from April 2019-April 2021 was conducted in an adult ICU at the Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia to assess causative agents of HAIs and AMR rates, with the COVID-19 pandemic ensuing halfway through the study. Resistance rates >80% were observed for the majority of tested antimicrobials. In COVID-19 patients, Acinetobacter spp. was the dominant cause of HAIs and more frequently isolated than in non-COVID-19 patients. (67 vs. 18, p = 0.001). Also, resistance was higher for imipenem (56.8% vs. 24.5%, p < 0.001), meropenem (61.1% vs. 24.3%, p < 0.001) and ciprofloxacin (59.5% vs. 36.9%, p = 0.04). AMR rates were aggregated with findings from our previous study to identify resistance trends and establish empiric treatment recommendations. The increased presence of Acinetobacter spp. and a positive trend in Klebsiella spp. resistance to fluoroquinolones (R2 = 0.980, p = 0.01) and carbapenems (R2 = 0.963, p = 0.02) could have contributed to alarming resistance rates across bloodstream infections (BSIs), pneumonia (PN), and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Exceptions were vancomycin (16.0%) and linezolid (2.6%) in BSIs; tigecycline (14.3%) and colistin (0%) in PNs; and colistin (12.0%) and linezolid (0%) in UTIs. COVID-19 has changed the landscape of HAIs in our ICUs. Approval of new drugs and rigorous surveillance is urgently needed.
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16
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Thwala T, Madoroba E, Basson A, Butaye P. Prevalence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Meat and Meat Products in African Countries: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091108. [PMID: 34572690 PMCID: PMC8465003 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has been increasing globally, which negatively affects food safety, veterinary, and human medicine. Ineffective antibiotics may cause treatment failure, which results in prolonged hospitalisation, increased mortality, and consequently, increased health care costs. Staphylococcus aureus causes a diverse range of infections including septicaemia and endocarditis. However, in food, it mainly causes food poisoning by the production of enterotoxins. With the discovery of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains that have a separate reservoir in livestock animals, which were termed as livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (LA-MRSA) in 2005, it became clear that animals may pose another health risk. Though LA-MRSA is mainly transferred by direct contact, food transmission cannot be excluded. While the current strains are not very pathogenic, mitigation is advisable, as they may acquire new virulence genes, becoming more pathogenic, and may transfer their resistance genes. Control of LA-MRSA poses significant problems, and only Norway has an active mitigation strategy. There is limited information about LA-MRSA, MRSA in general, and other S. aureus infections from African countries. In this review, we discuss the prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial susceptible and resistant S. aureus (with a focus on MRSA) from meat and meat products in African countries and compare it to the situation in the rest of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thembeka Thwala
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (T.T.); (E.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (T.T.); (E.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Albert Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (T.T.); (E.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Biosciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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