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Konopka MJ, Keizer H, Rietjens G, Zeegers MP, Sperlich B. A critical examination of sport discipline typology: identifying inherent limitations and deficiencies in contemporary classification systems. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1389844. [PMID: 39050482 PMCID: PMC11266029 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1389844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise scientists (especially in the field of biomolecular research) frequently classify athletic cohorts into categories such as endurance, strength, or mixed, and create a practical framework for studying diverse athletic populations between seemingly similar groups. It is crucial to recognize the limitations and complexities of these classifications, as they may oversimplify the multidimensional characteristics of each sport. If so, the validity of studies dealing with such approaches may become compromised and the comparability across different studies challenging or impossible. This perspective critically examines and highlights the issues associated with current sports typologies, critiques existing sports classification systems, and emphasizes the imperative for a universally accepted classification model to enhance the quality of biomolecular research of sports in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Johanna Konopka
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans Keizer
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Rietjens
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maurice Petrus Zeegers
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- MPB Holding, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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González JR, Cáceres A, Ferrer E, Balagué-Dobón L, Escribà-Montagut X, Sarrat-González D, Quintás G, Rodas G. Predicting Injuries in Elite Female Football Players With Global-Positioning-System and Multiomics Data. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:661-669. [PMID: 38753297 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Injury prevention is a crucial aspect of sports, particularly in high-performance settings such as elite female football. This study aimed to develop an injury prediction model that incorporates clinical, Global-Positioning-System (GPS), and multiomics (genomics and metabolomics) data to better understand the factors associated with injury in elite female football players. METHODS We designed a prospective cohort study over 2 seasons (2019-20 and 2021-22) of noncontact injuries in 24 elite female players in the Spanish Premiership competition. We used GPS data to determine external workload, genomic data to capture genetic susceptibility, and metabolomic data to measure internal workload. RESULTS Forty noncontact injuries were recorded, the most frequent of which were muscle (63%) and ligament (20%) injuries. The baseline risk model included fat mass and the random effect of the player. Six genetic polymorphisms located at the DCN, ADAMTS5, ESRRB, VEGFA, and MMP1 genes were associated with injuries after adjusting for player load (P < .05). The genetic score created with these 6 variants determined groups of players with different profile risks (P = 3.1 × 10-4). Three metabolites (alanine, serotonin, and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan) correlated with injuries. The model comprising baseline variables, genetic score, and player load showed the best prediction capacity (C-index: .74). CONCLUSIONS Our model could allow efficient, personalized interventions based on an athlete's vulnerability. However, we emphasize the necessity for further research in female athletes with an emphasis on validation studies involving other teams and individuals. By expanding the scope of our research and incorporating diverse populations, we can bolster the generalizability and robustness of our proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R González
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cáceres
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Ferrer
- Medical Department of Football Club Barcelona (FIFA Medical Center of Excellence)andBarça Innovation Hub of Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Hospital Clinic and Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Gil Rodas
- Medical Department of Football Club Barcelona (FIFA Medical Center of Excellence)andBarça Innovation Hub of Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Hospital Clinic and Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Leitat Technological Center, Terrassa, Spain
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3
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Aya JV, Vega LC, Muñoz E, Muñoz M, López DF, Guzmán MP, Martínez DF, Cruz-Saavedra LB, Castillo AK, Quintero KJ, Gónzalez Soltero R, Cala MP, Ramírez JD. Divergent Gut Microbiota: Archaeal and Bacterial Signatures Unveil Unique Patterns in Colombian Cyclists Compared to Weightlifters and Non-Athletes. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2400069. [PMID: 38548661 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Engagement in physical activity, across various sports, promotes a diverse microbiota in active individuals. This study examines the gut microbiota of Colombian athletes, specifically weightlifters (n = 16) and road cyclists (n = 13), compared to non-athletes (n = 15). Using Kruskal-Wallis tests, the physical activity level of a group of non-athletic individuals and the sports experience of a group of professional athletes is analyzed. The median age of participants is 24 years, comprising 25 men and 19 women. The microbiota is collected using fecal samples. Participants provided these samples during their pre-competitive stage, specifically during the concentration phase occurring two weeks prior to national competitions. This timing is chosen to capture the microbial composition during a period of heightened physical preparation. Questionnaire responses and microbial composition assessments identify disparities among groups. Microbial composition analysis explores core microbiome, abundance, and taxonomy using Pavian, MicrobiomeAnalyst 2.0, and GraPhlAn. ANCOM-BC2 reveals differentially abundant species. Road cyclists exhibit decreased Bacteria and increased Archaea abundance. Phylum-level variations included Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria, while Bacteroidetes prevailed. Key families influencing gut microbiota are Bacteroidaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Selenomonadaceae. Weightlifters exhibit unique viral and archaeal community connections, while cyclists showed specialized microbial interplay influenced by endurance exercise. Correlation network analysis emphasizes distinctive microbial interactions within athlete groups, shedding light on the impact of physical activities on gut microbiota and athlete health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Aya
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - L C Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - E Muñoz
- Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología-UN (IBUN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D F López
- Centro Latinoamericano de Nutrición (CELAN), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M P Guzmán
- Centro Latinoamericano de Nutrición (CELAN), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D F Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - L B Cruz-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A K Castillo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - K J Quintero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - R Gónzalez Soltero
- MAS Microbiota Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain
| | - M P Cala
- MetCore - Metabolomics Core Facility, Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J D Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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4
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Yurkovich JT, Evans SJ, Rappaport N, Boore JL, Lovejoy JC, Price ND, Hood LE. The transition from genomics to phenomics in personalized population health. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:286-302. [PMID: 38093095 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Modern health care faces several serious challenges, including an ageing population and its inherent burden of chronic diseases, rising costs and marginal quality metrics. By assessing and optimizing the health trajectory of each individual using a data-driven personalized approach that reflects their genetics, behaviour and environment, we can start to address these challenges. This assessment includes longitudinal phenome measures, such as the blood proteome and metabolome, gut microbiome composition and function, and lifestyle and behaviour through wearables and questionnaires. Here, we review ongoing large-scale genomics and longitudinal phenomics efforts and the powerful insights they provide into wellness. We describe our vision for the transformation of the current health care from disease-oriented to data-driven, wellness-oriented and personalized population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Yurkovich
- Phenome Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Phenomic Health, The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Simon J Evans
- Phenome Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Phenomic Health, The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Noa Rappaport
- Center for Phenomic Health, The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Boore
- Phenome Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Phenomic Health, The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Lovejoy
- Phenome Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Phenomic Health, The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan D Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Thorne HealthTech, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leroy E Hood
- Phenome Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Center for Phenomic Health, The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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5
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Spanakis M, Fragkiadaki P, Renieri E, Vakonaki E, Fragkiadoulaki I, Alegakis A, Kiriakakis M, Panagiotou N, Ntoumou E, Gratsias I, Zoubaneas E, Morozova GD, Ovchinnikova MA, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsarouhas K, Drakoulis N, Skalny AV, Tsatsakis A. Advancing athletic assessment by integrating conventional methods with cutting-edge biomedical technologies for comprehensive performance, wellness, and longevity insights. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 5:1327792. [PMID: 38260814 PMCID: PMC10801261 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1327792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In modern athlete assessment, the integration of conventional biochemical and ergophysiologic monitoring with innovative methods like telomere analysis, genotyping/phenotypic profiling, and metabolomics has the potential to offer a comprehensive understanding of athletes' performance and potential longevity. Telomeres provide insights into cellular functioning, aging, and adaptation and elucidate the effects of training on cellular health. Genotype/phenotype analysis explores genetic variations associated with athletic performance, injury predisposition, and recovery needs, enabling personalization of training plans and interventions. Metabolomics especially focusing on low-molecular weight metabolites, reveal metabolic pathways and responses to exercise. Biochemical tests assess key biomarkers related to energy metabolism, inflammation, and recovery. Essential elements depict the micronutrient status of the individual, which is critical for optimal performance. Echocardiography provides detailed monitoring of cardiac structure and function, while burnout testing evaluates psychological stress, fatigue, and readiness for optimal performance. By integrating this scientific testing battery, a multidimensional understanding of athlete health status can be achieved, leading to personalized interventions in training, nutrition, supplementation, injury prevention, and mental wellness support. This scientifically rigorous approach hereby presented holds significant potential for improving athletic performance and longevity through evidence-based, individualized interventions, contributing to advances in the field of sports performance optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Spanakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Computational Bio-Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- LifePlus Diagnostic & Consulting Health Services, Science Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- LifePlus Diagnostic & Consulting Health Services, Science Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- LifePlus Diagnostic & Consulting Health Services, Science Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- LifePlus Diagnostic & Consulting Health Services, Science Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irene Fragkiadoulaki
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- LifePlus Diagnostic & Consulting Health Services, Science Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- LifePlus Diagnostic & Consulting Health Services, Science Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mixalis Kiriakakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- LifePlus Diagnostic & Consulting Health Services, Science Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis Gratsias
- Check Up Medicus Biopathology & Ultrasound Diagnostic Center – Polyclinic, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Galina Dmitrievna Morozova
- Bioelementology and Human Ecology Center, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Alekseevna Ovchinnikova
- Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov Univercity), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anatoly Viktorovich Skalny
- Bioelementology and Human Ecology Center, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Medical Elementology Department, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Computational Bio-Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- LifePlus Diagnostic & Consulting Health Services, Science Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Muniz-Santos R, Magno-França A, Jurisica I, Cameron LC. From Microcosm to Macrocosm: The -Omics, Multiomics, and Sportomics Approaches in Exercise and Sports. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:499-518. [PMID: 37943554 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the progressive integration of -omics methods, including genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, into sports research, highlighting the development of the concept of "sportomics." We discuss how sportomics can be used to comprehend the multilevel metabolism during exercise in real-life conditions faced by athletes, enabling potential personalized interventions to improve performance and recovery and reduce injuries, all with a minimally invasive approach and reduced time. Sportomics may also support highly personalized investigations, including the implementation of n-of-1 clinical trials and the curation of extensive datasets through long-term follow-up of athletes, enabling tailored interventions for athletes based on their unique physiological responses to different conditions. Beyond its immediate sport-related applications, we delve into the potential of utilizing the sportomics approach to translate Big Data regarding top-level athletes into studying different human diseases, especially with nontargeted analysis. Furthermore, we present how the amalgamation of bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, and integrative computational analysis aids in investigating biochemical pathways, and facilitates the search for various biomarkers. We also highlight how sportomics can offer relevant information about doping control analysis. Overall, sportomics offers a comprehensive approach providing novel insights into human metabolism during metabolic stress, leveraging cutting-edge systems science techniques and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Muniz-Santos
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Magno-França
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L C Cameron
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Konopka MJ, Sperlich B, Rietjens G, Zeegers MP. Genetics and athletic performance: a systematic SWOT analysis of non-systematic reviews. Front Genet 2023; 14:1232987. [PMID: 37621703 PMCID: PMC10445150 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1232987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise genetics/genomics is a growing research discipline comprising several Strengths and Opportunities but also deals with Weaknesses and Threats. This "systematic SWOT overview of non-systematic reviews" (sSWOT) aimed to identify the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats linked to exercise genetics/genomics. A systematic search was conducted in the Medline and Embase databases for non-systematic reviews to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature/research area. The extracted data was thematically analyzed, coded, and categorized into SWOT clusters. In the 45 included reviews five Strengths, nine Weaknesses, six Opportunities, and three Threats were identified. The cluster of Strengths included "advances in technology", "empirical evidence", "growing research discipline", the "establishment of consortia", and the "acceptance/accessibility of genetic testing". The Weaknesses were linked to a "low research quality", the "complexity of exercise-related traits", "low generalizability", "high costs", "genotype scores", "reporting bias", "invasive methods", "research progress", and "causality". The Opportunities comprised of "precision exercise", "omics", "multicenter studies", as well as "genetic testing" as "commercial"-, "screening"-, and "anti-doping" detection tool. The Threats were related to "ethical issues", "direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies", and "gene doping". This overview of the present state of the art research in sport genetics/genomics indicates a field with great potential, while also drawing attention to the necessity for additional advancement in methodological and ethical guidance to mitigate the recognized Weaknesses and Threats. The recognized Strengths and Opportunities substantiate the capability of genetics/genomics to make significant contributions to the performance and wellbeing of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Johanna Konopka
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerard Rietjens
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maurice Petrus Zeegers
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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8
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Sellami M, Puce L, Bragazzi NL. Immunological Response to Exercise in Athletes with Disabilities: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1692. [PMID: 37372810 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For a person with a disability, participating in sports activities and/or competitions can be a challenge for the immune system. The relationship between exercise and immunity response in disabled athletes is, indeed, extremely complex for several reasons, including (1) the chronic low-grade inflammatory and immunodepression-"secondary immune deficiency"-state imposed by the disability/impairment; (2) the impact of the disability on an array of variables, spanning from physical fitness to well-being, quality of life, sleep, and nutritional aspects, among others, which are known to mediate/modulate the effects of exercise on human health; (3) the variability of the parameters related to the exercise/physical activity (modality, frequency, intensity, duration, training versus competition, etc.); and (4) the intra- and inter-individual variability of the immunological response to exercise. In able-bodied athletes, previously published data described several exercise-induced changes affecting various immunological subsets and subpopulations, ranging from neutrophils to lymphocytes, and monocytes. Broadly, moderate intensity workout is accompanied by optimal immunity and resistance to infections such as upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in athletes. Periods of intense training with insufficient recovery can cause a temporary state of immunosuppression, which should end with a few days of rest/recovery from exercise. Disabled athletes are relatively overlooked and understudied with respect to their able-bodied counterparts. Findings from the few studies available on paralympic and disabled athletes are here summarized and analyzed utilizing a narrative approach to review and determine the major features of the immunological and inflammatory responses to exercise in this specific population. Moreover, a few studies have reported behavioral, dietary, and training strategies that can be adopted to limit exercise-induced immunosuppression and reduce the risk of infection in people with disabilities. However, given the paucity of data and contrasting findings, future high-quality investigations on paralympic and disabled athletes are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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9
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Lavin KM, Graham ZA, McAdam JS, O'Bryan SM, Drummer D, Bell MB, Kelley CJ, Lixandrão ME, Peoples B, Tuggle SC, Seay RS, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Huentelman MJ, Pirrotte P, Reiman R, Alsop E, Hutchins E, Antone J, Bonfitto A, Meechoovet B, Palade J, Talboom JS, Sullivan A, Aban I, Peri K, Broderick TJ, Bamman MM. Dynamic transcriptomic responses to divergent acute exercise stimuli in young adults. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:194-212. [PMID: 36939205 PMCID: PMC10110731 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00144.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute exercise elicits dynamic transcriptional changes that, when repeated, form the fundamental basis of health, resilience, and performance adaptations. While moderate-intensity endurance training combined with conventional resistance training (traditional, TRAD) is often prescribed and recommended by public health guidance, high-intensity training combining maximal-effort intervals with intensive, limited-rest resistance training is a time-efficient alternative that may be used tactically (HITT) to confer similar benefits. Mechanisms of action of these distinct stimuli are incompletely characterized and have not been directly compared. We assessed transcriptome-wide responses in skeletal muscle and circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) to a single exercise bout in young adults randomized to TRAD (n = 21, 12 M/9 F, 22 ± 3 yr) or HITT (n = 19, 11 M/8 F, 22 ± 2 yr). Next-generation sequencing captured small, long, and circular RNA in muscle and EVs. Analysis identified differentially expressed transcripts (|log2FC|>1, FDR ≤ 0.05) immediately (h0, EVs only), h3, and h24 postexercise within and between exercise protocols. In aaddition, all apparently responsive transcripts (FDR < 0.2) underwent singular value decomposition to summarize data structures into latent variables (LVs) to deconvolve molecular expression circuits and interregulatory relationships. LVs were compared across time and exercise protocol. TRAD, a longer but less intense stimulus, generally elicited a stronger transcriptional response than HITT, but considerable overlap and key differences existed. Findings reveal shared and unique molecular responses to the exercise stimuli and lay groundwork toward establishing relationships between protein-coding genes and lesser-understood transcripts that serve regulatory roles following exercise. Future work should advance the understanding of these circuits and whether they repeat in other populations or following other types of exercise/stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined small and long transcriptomics in skeletal muscle and serum-derived extracellular vesicles before and after a single exposure to traditional combined exercise (TRAD) and high-intensity tactical training (HITT). Across 40 young adults, we found more consistent protein-coding gene responses to TRAD, whereas HITT elicited differential expression of microRNA enriched in brain regions. Follow-up analysis revealed relationships and temporal dynamics across transcript networks, highlighting potential avenues for research into mechanisms of exercise response and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M Lavin
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Zachary A Graham
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jeremy S McAdam
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Samia M O'Bryan
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Devin Drummer
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Margaret B Bell
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Christian J Kelley
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Manoel E Lixandrão
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Brandon Peoples
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - S Craig Tuggle
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Regina S Seay
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Cancer & Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Cancer & Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Rebecca Reiman
- Cancer & Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Eric Alsop
- Cancer & Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Elizabeth Hutchins
- Cancer & Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Jerry Antone
- Cancer & Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Anna Bonfitto
- Cancer & Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Bessie Meechoovet
- Cancer & Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Joanna Palade
- Cancer & Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Joshua S Talboom
- Cancer & Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Amber Sullivan
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Inmaculada Aban
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Kalyani Peri
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Timothy J Broderick
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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10
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Bonilla DA, Cione E, Angelini F, D’Antona G, Cannataro R. Editorial: A systems approach to personalized exercise and nutrition in health and disease. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1190121. [PMID: 37122636 PMCID: PMC10132732 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1190121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business and Science Society–DBSS International SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale Nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)-Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Cannataro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business and Science Society–DBSS International SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: Roberto Cannataro
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11
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Konopka MJ, Zeegers MP, Solberg PA, Delhaije L, Meeusen R, Ruigrok G, Rietjens G, Sperlich B. Factors associated with high-level endurance performance: An expert consensus derived via the Delphi technique. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279492. [PMID: 36574415 PMCID: PMC9794057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little agreement on the factors influencing endurance performance. Endurance performance often is described by surrogate variables such as maximum oxygen consumption, lactate threshold, and running economy. However, other factors also determine success and progression of high-level endurance athletes. Therefore, the aim was to identify the relevant factors for endurance performance assessed by international experts by adhering to a structured communication method (i.e., Delphi technique). Three anonymous evaluation rounds were conducted initiated by a list of candidate factors (n = 120) serving as baseline input variables. The items that achieved ≥70% of agreement in round 1 were re-evaluated in a second round. Items with a level of agreement of ≥70% in round 2 reached consensus and items with a level of agreement of 40-69% in round 2 were re-rated in a third round followed by a consensus meeting. Round 1 comprised of 27 panellists (n = 24 male) and in round 2 and 3 18 (n = 15 male) of the 27 panellists remained. Thus, the final endurance expert panel comprised of 18 international experts (n = 15 male) with 20 years of experience on average. The consensus report identified the following 26 factors: endurance capacity, running economy, maximal oxygen consumption, recovery speed, carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis capacity, lactate threshold, fat metabolism, number of erythrocytes, iron deficiency, muscle fibre type, mitochondrial biogenesis, hydrogen ion buffering, testosterone, erythropoietin, cortisol, hydration status, vitamin D deficiency, risk of non-functional overreaching and stress fracture, healing function of skeletal tissue, motivation, stress resistance, confidence, sleep quality, and fatigue. This study provides an expert-derived summary including 26 key factors for endurance performance, the "FENDLE" factors (FENDLE = Factors for ENDurance Level). This consensus report may assist to optimize sophisticated diagnostics, personalized training strategies and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena J. Konopka
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Maurice P. Zeegers
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
| | - Paul A. Solberg
- Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louis Delhaije
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium
- Brussels Human Robotics Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium
| | - Geert Ruigrok
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Rietjens
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative & Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
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12
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Plasma Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines Are Associated with the Female but Not Male Adolescent Swimmer's Performance: An Integration between Mass Spectrometry and Complex Network Approaches. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121734. [PMID: 36552244 PMCID: PMC9774704 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to compare the performance over different distances, the critical velocity (CV), and plasma acylcarnitines/amino acids of male and female adolescent swimmers. Moreover, we applied the complex network approach to identify which molecules are associated with athletes' performances. On the first day under a controlled environment, blood samples were collected after 12 h of overnight fasting. Performance trials (100, 200, 400, and 800-m) were randomly performed in the subsequent four days in a swimming pool, and CV was determined by linear distance versus time mathematical function. Metabolomic analyses were carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer performing electrospray ionization in the positive ionization mode. No difference was observed between the performance of male and female swimmers. Except for 200-m distance (p = 0.08), plasma tyrosine was positively and significantly associated with the female times during the trials (100-m, p = 0.04; 400-m, p = 0.04; 800-m, p = 0.02), and inversely associated with the CV (p = 0.02). The complex network approach showed that glycine (0.406), glutamine (0.400), arginine (0.335), free carnitine (0.355), tryptophan (0.289), and histidine (0.271) were the most influential nodes to reach tyrosine. These results revealed a thread that must be explored in further randomized/controlled designs, improving the knowledge surrounding nutrition and the performance of adolescent swimmers.
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13
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Deng C, Yu Q, Luo G, Zhao Z, Li Y. Big data-driven intelligent governance of college students' physical health: System and strategy. Front Public Health 2022; 10:924025. [PMID: 36033780 PMCID: PMC9405426 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.924025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of information technology, the application of a new generation of information technologies, such as big data, Internet Plus, and artificial intelligence, in the sports field is an emerging, novel trend. This paper examined the relevant research results and literature on physical education, computer science, pedagogy, management, and other disciplines, then used a self-made questionnaire to investigate the physical health status of Chinese college students. The big data were subsequently analyzed, which provided a scientific basis for the construction of an intelligent governance system for college students' physical health. Intelligent devices may be used to obtain big data resources, master the physical sports development and psychological status of college students, and push personalized sports prescriptions to solve the problems existing in college students' physical health. Research shows that there are four reasons for the continuous decline in Chinese college students' physical health levels. These are students' lack of positive exercise consciousness and healthy sports values (85.43%), a weak family sports concept and lack of physical exercise habits (62.76%), poor implementation of school sports policies (55.35%), and people's distorted sports value orientation (42.27%). Through the connecting effect of data, we can bring together the positive role of the government, school, society, family, and students so as to create an interlinked impact to promote students' physical health. The problems of insufficient platform utilization, lack of teaching resources, lagging research, and insufficient combination with big data in the intelligent governance of physical health of Chinese college students can be solved by building an intelligent governance system of physical health. Such a system would be composed of school infrastructure, data resources and technology processing, and intelligent service applications. Among these, school infrastructure refers to the material foundation and technical support. The material foundation includes perceptions, storage, computing, networks, and other equipment, and the technical support includes cloud computing, mobile Internet, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and deep learning. Data resources refer to smart data, such as stadium data, physical health management data, and students' sports behavior data, which are mined from data resources such as students' physical development, physical health, and sports through big data technology and intelligent wearable devices. Intelligent managers provide efficient, intelligent, accurate, and personalized intelligent sports services for college students through data resource value mining, venue space-time optimization, health knowledge discovery, sports prescription pushes, etc. Finally, we put forward the development strategy for further deepening and improving the big data-driven intelligent governance system for college students' physical health. The intelligent governance system of physical health driven by big data and its development strategy can not only accurately guide and improve the physical health level of college students but also realize integrated teaching inside and outside physical education classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Deng
- Sports Department, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Chenliang Deng
| | - Qiaoyan Yu
- School of Gymnastics, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ganglin Luo
- Department of Military Education and Training, Police Academy of the Armed Police, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhangzhi Zhao
- Sports Department, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Sports Department, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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14
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Humińska-Lisowska K, Chmielowiec J, Chmielowiec K, Niewczas M, Lachowicz M, Cięszczyk P, Masiak J, Strońska-Pluta A, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Maculewicz E, Grzywacz A. Associations of Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor rs6265 Gene Polymorphism with Personality Dimensions among Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9732. [PMID: 35955088 PMCID: PMC9367731 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) is one of the essential mediating factors of exercise-induced neuroplasticity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced neuroplasticity are still largely unknown. Personality dimensions differentiate individuals and depend on genes and environmental factors. The dimensions of openness to experience, emotional stability, extraversion and conscientiousness have been reported to be positively related to performance; considering agreeableness, a negative relation with sports performance was emphasized. However, not enough effort has been put into investigating the relationship between genetic polymorphisms affecting psychological abilities and competitive power sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the rs6265 polymorphism of BDNF with personality dimensions in martial arts athletes. The study was conducted among martial arts athletes. The study group included 258 volunteers (martial arts athletes (n = 106) and controls (n = 152). BDNF polymorphism testing was performed using the real-time PCR method; personality dimensions were assessed using standardized NEO-FFI questionnaires. All analyses were performed using STATISTICA 13. We observed that martial arts athletes’ G/G genotypes compared to the control group G/G genotypes presented significantly higher severity of personality dimension “conscientiousness”. In comparison with the controls, the case group subjects had significantly higher scores in the dimension extraversion (M 6.89 vs. M 6.43, p = 0.0405) and conscientiousness/scale (M 7.23 vs. M 5.89, p < 0.0001). The results of 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA noticed a statistically significant effect of combined factor BDNF rs6265 genotype of martial arts/control (F2,252 = 3.11, p = 0.0465, η2 = 0.024). Additionally, we observed that the results of 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA showed a statistically significant influence of combined factor BDNF rs6265 of genotype martial arts/ control (F2,252 = 6.16, p = 0.0024, η2 = 0.047). The combination of the analysis of personality dimensions with genetics—as in the case of the polymorphism of the BDNF gene related to neuroplasticity—indicates that neurobiology cannot be ignored in educating sports champions. We already know that this is related to genetics. However, little is still known about the influence of personality traits on sports performance. We observed that martial arts athletes’ G/G genotypes, in comparison to the control group’s G/G genotypes, presented significantly higher severity of personality dimension “conscientiousness”. This is worthy of further analysis and probably longitudinal studies on a more numerous group of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Marta Niewczas
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Milena Lachowicz
- Department of Psychology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Masiak
- Second Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Głuska St., 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 11 Chlapowskiego St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ewelina Maculewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
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15
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Nieman DC, Cialdella-Kam L. Editorial: Insights in Sport and Exercise Nutrition: 2021. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:937674. [PMID: 35784800 PMCID: PMC9247608 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.937674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Nieman
- North Carolina Research Campus, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: David C. Nieman
| | - Lynn Cialdella-Kam
- Warfigther Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States
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16
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Sportomics suggests that albuminuria is a sensitive biomarker of hydration in cross combat. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8150. [PMID: 35581242 PMCID: PMC9114005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We have been using sportomics to understand hypermetabolic stress. Cross Combat (CCombat) has recently been initiated as a high-intensity functional training method inspired by CrossFit. We used a CCombat session to induce metabolic stress and evaluated its effects on hydration and kidney function. Blood samples were collected from 16 elite-level professional male athletes engaged in training sessions over a 96-h protocol. Blood myoglobin increased by ~ 3.5-fold (119 ± 21 to 369 ± 62 nmol/L; p = .001) in response to the protocol, returning to the pre-exercise level within 48 h. Furthermore, d-dimer levels increased from 6.5 ± 0.6 to 79.4 ± 21.3 μmol/L (p < .001) in response to exercise decreasing during recovery with high variability among the studied athletes. Albuminemia and creatininemia increased ~ 10% and cystatin C increased ~ 240% (1.7 ± 0.1 to 5.7 ± 0.5 mg/L; p < .001; effect size = 2.4) in response to the protocol. We measured albuminuria (HuA) to assess kidney permeability to albumin caused by exercise. HuA increased ~ 16-fold (0.16 ± 0.03 to 2.47 ± 0.41 μmol/L; p < .001; effect size = 1.4) in response to exercise, dropping and reaching basal levels during 48 h. Here, we suggest that microalbuminuria can be used as an early, sensitive, easy, and inexpensive biomarker to evaluate hydration status changes during intensive exercise, decreasing chronic impairment in renal function.
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17
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Cai M, Wu C, Jing C, Shen X, He M, Wang L, Guo Q, Yan Y, Yan X, Yang R. Blood Metabolomics Analysis Identifies Differential Serum Metabolites in Elite and Sub-elite Swimmers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:858869. [PMID: 35600307 PMCID: PMC9118345 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.858869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Metabolites in body fluids, such as lactate, glucose, and creatinine, have been measured by conventional methods to evaluate physical function and performance or athletic status. The objectives of the current study were to explore the novel metabolite biomarkers in professional swimmers with different competition levels using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, and try to establish a model to identify the athletic status or predict the competitive potential. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 103 elite and 84 sub-elite level Chinese professional swimmers, and were profiled by NMR analysis. Results: Out of the thirty-six serum metabolites profiled, ten were associated with the athletic status of swimmers (with p < 0.05). When compared with sub-elite swimmers, elite swimmers had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), unsaturated fatty acid, lactic acid, and methanol. Elite swimmers had lower levels of isoleucine, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetate, glutamine, glycine, and α-glucose. A model with four metabolites, including HDL, glutamine, methanol, and α-glucose, was established to predict athletic status by adjusting with different covariates. The area under the curve (AUC) of the best model was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.862-0.947), with a sensitivity and specificity of 75.5 and 90.2%, respectively. Conclusion: We have identified ten metabolite biomarkers with differentially expressed levels between elite and sub-elite swimmers, the differences could result from genetic or sports level between the two cohorts. A model with four metabolites has successfully differentiated professional swimmers with different competitive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Foundation of Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Jing
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Center), Shanghai, China
| | - Xunzhang Shen
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Center), Shanghai, China
| | - Mian He
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Xu Yan, ; Ruoyu Yang,
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Yan, ; Ruoyu Yang,
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