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Liu Q, Li J, Cheng X, Chen G, Zhang Y, Tian Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Guo X, Li H, Sun L, Hu B, Zhang D, Liang C, Sheng J, Tao F, Wang J, Yang L. APOE ε4 allele modifies the associations of toxic metals and their mixture with cognitive impairment among older adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119148. [PMID: 38754607 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence of interactive effect of the toxic metal (TM) mixture and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 gene on cognitive impairment in older adults is scarce. We aimed to explore whether the associations of single TMs and their mixture with cognitive impairment depend on APOE ε4 in Chinese community-dwelling older people. METHODS A total of 1148 older adults from a subset of the baseline survey of a cohort study were included. Blood arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), strontium (Sr), and vanadium (V) were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. APOE gene (rs429358, rs7412) polymorphisms were analyzed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction instrument. Mixed effects logistic regression was applied to estimate the relationships of single TMs and APOE genotype with cognitive impairment. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were performed to examine joint impacts of the TM mixture, as well as the interaction of the TM mixture with APOE ε4 genotype on cognitive impairment. RESULTS Pb displayed a significant linear association with an increased odds of cognitive impairment after adjustment for covariates (Ptrend = 0.045). While APOE genotype did not show a significant correlation with cognitive impairment. WQS showed that the TM mixture was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment by 31.0% (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.87) while no significance was found. BKMR exhibited a significant linear association between the TM mixture and cognitive impairment. Moreover, both WQS and BKMR indicated that Pb contributed the most to cognitive impairment within the mixture. Significant interactions of Pb or the TM mixture and APOE genotype on cognitive impairment were observed, contributing to 38.1% and 38.2% of total effects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS APOE ε4 allele amplifies the associations of single Pb or the TM mixture with cognitive impairment. These findings may help to develop precision prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Junzhe Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xuqiu Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guimei Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ziwei Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huaibiao Li
- Fuyang Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuyang, 236069, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuyang, 236069, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Fuyang Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuyang, 236069, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Supti ST, Koehn LM, Newman SA, Pan Y, Nicolazzo JA. Iron Reduces the Trafficking of Fatty Acids from Human Immortalised Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Through Modulation of Fatty Acid Transport Protein 1 (FATP1/SLC27A1). Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s11095-024-03743-w. [PMID: 39044044 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with brain accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangle formation, in addition to reduced brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and increased brain iron levels. DHA requires access across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enter the brain, and iron has been shown to affect the expression and function of a number of BBB transporters. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of iron on the expression and function of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) and fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), both which mediate brain endothelial cell trafficking of DHA. METHODS The mRNA and protein levels of FABP5 and FATP1 in human cerebral microvascular endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cells was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively following ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) treatment (up to 750 µM, 72 h). The function of FABP5 and FATP1 was assessed via uptake and efflux of radiolabelled 3H-oleic acid and 14C-DHA. RESULTS FAC (500 µM, 72 h) had no impact on the expression of FABP5 at the protein and mRNA level in hCMEC/D3 cells, which was associated with a lack of effect on the uptake of 14C-DHA. FAC led to a 19.7% reduction in FATP1 protein abundance in hCMEC/D3 cells with no impact on mRNA levels, and this was associated with up to a 32.6% reduction in efflux of 14C-DHA. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate a role of iron in down-regulating FATP1 protein abundance and function at the BBB, which may have implications on fatty acid access to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showmika T Supti
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Liam M Koehn
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie A Newman
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yijun Pan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Ficiarà E, Stura I, Vernone A, Silvagno F, Cavalli R, Guiot C. Iron Overload in Brain: Transport Mismatches, Microbleeding Events, and How Nanochelating Therapies May Counteract Their Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2337. [PMID: 38397013 PMCID: PMC10889007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron overload in many brain regions is a common feature of aging and most neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the causes, mechanisms, mathematical models, and possible therapies are summarized. Indeed, physiological and pathological conditions can be investigated using compartmental models mimicking iron trafficking across the blood-brain barrier and the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Brain exchange membranes located in the choroid plexus. In silico models can investigate the alteration of iron homeostasis and simulate iron concentration in the brain environment, as well as the effects of intracerebral iron chelation, determining potential doses and timing to recover the physiological state. Novel formulations of non-toxic nanovectors with chelating capacity are already tested in organotypic brain models and could be available to move from in silico to in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ficiarà
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Stura
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Annamaria Vernone
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Caterina Guiot
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
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Lyon AC, Lippa CF, Eiser AR. Metabolic and Environmental Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: An Exploratory Study. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024. [PMID: 38330435 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the frequency with which suspected pathogenic factors, including metals and metabolites that might contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD), may be found in patients with cognitive impairment through commonly available blood tests. Methods: A variety of serum studies, including metals, ammonia, homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate, thyroid tests, metabolic products, and inflammatory markers, were measured in two cohorts: one meeting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) criteria and the other meeting mild-to-moderate dementia (DE) criteria. Medications these patients received were reviewed. Results: Metal abnormalities were detected in over half the subjects, including evidence of mercury, lead, and arsenic elevation as well as instances of excessive essential metals, iron (Fe), and copper. Some metal aberration was detected in 64% of the DE group and 66% of the MCI group. Females were more likely to have elevated copper, consistent with hormonal effects on copper excretion. Homocysteinemia was the most common abnormality, detected in 71% with DE and 67% with MCI, while methylmalonic acid was not elevated. Slight hyperammonemia was moderately common (38%) suggesting a hepatic factor in this subset. Findings of moderate insulin resistance were present in nearly half (44% DE, 52% MCI). Sixty of 65 (92%) had at least one abnormal biomarker and 60% had two or more. The most common drug taken by the total cohort was proton pump inhibitors at 22% DE and 38% MCI. Conclusions: This study suggests that both toxic metals and excessive vital metals such as copper and iron, as well as common metabolic and hepatic factors are detectable at both stages of MCI and DE. There appears to be a multiplicity of provocative factors leading to DE. Individualized interventions based on these parameters may be a means to reduce cognitive decline leading to DE. A more comprehensive prospective study of these environmental and metabolic factors with corrective early interventions appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Lyon
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders & Comprehensive Alzheimer's Disease Center, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carol F Lippa
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders & Comprehensive Alzheimer's Disease Center, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arnold R Eiser
- Senior Scholar, Penn Center for Public Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Torres-Jardón R, Greenough GP, Kulesza R, González-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, García-Alonso G, Chávez-Franco DA, García-Rojas E, Brito-Aguilar R, Silva-Pereyra HG, Ayala A, Stommel EW, Mukherjee PS. Sleep matters: Neurodegeneration spectrum heterogeneity, combustion and friction ultrafine particles, industrial nanoparticle pollution, and sleep disorders-Denial is not an option. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1117695. [PMID: 36923490 PMCID: PMC10010440 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1117695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained exposures to ubiquitous outdoor/indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5), including combustion and friction ultrafine PM (UFPM) and industrial nanoparticles (NPs) starting in utero, are linked to early pediatric and young adulthood aberrant neural protein accumulation, including hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), beta-amyloid (Aβ1 - 42), α-synuclein (α syn) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), hallmarks of Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). UFPM from anthropogenic and natural sources and NPs enter the brain through the nasal/olfactory pathway, lung, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, skin, and placental barriers. On a global scale, the most important sources of outdoor UFPM are motor traffic emissions. This study focuses on the neuropathology heterogeneity and overlap of AD, PD, FTLD, and ALS in older adults, their similarities with the neuropathology of young, highly exposed urbanites, and their strong link with sleep disorders. Critical information includes how this UFPM and NPs cross all biological barriers, interact with brain soluble proteins and key organelles, and result in the oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial stress, neuroinflammation, DNA damage, protein aggregation and misfolding, and faulty complex protein quality control. The brain toxicity of UFPM and NPs makes them powerful candidates for early development and progression of fatal common neurodegenerative diseases, all having sleep disturbances. A detailed residential history, proximity to high-traffic roads, occupational histories, exposures to high-emission sources (i.e., factories, burning pits, forest fires, and airports), indoor PM sources (tobacco, wood burning in winter, cooking fumes, and microplastics in house dust), and consumption of industrial NPs, along with neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric histories, are critical. Environmental pollution is a ubiquitous, early, and cumulative risk factor for neurodegeneration and sleep disorders. Prevention of deadly neurological diseases associated with air pollution should be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- College of Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.,Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Glen P Greenough
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Randy Kulesza
- Department of Anatomy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Héctor G Silva-Pereyra
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Alberto Ayala
- Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Elijah W Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Partha S Mukherjee
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
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6
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Elzayat EM, Shahien SA, El-Sherif AA, Hosney M. miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S203-S225. [PMID: 37212107 PMCID: PMC10473110 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a cumulative progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by impairment in cognitive functions accompanied by memory loss, disturbance in behavior and personality, and difficulties in learning. Although the main causes of AD pathogenesis are not fully understood yet, amyloid-β peptides and tau proteins are supposed to be responsible for AD onset and pathogenesis. Various demographic, genetic, and environmental risk factors are involved in AD onset and pathogenesis such as age, gender, several genes, lipids, malnutrition, and poor diet. Significant changes were observed in microRNA (miRNA) levels between normal and AD cases giving hope for a diagnostic procedure for AD through a simple blood test. As yet, only two classes of AD therapeutic drugs are approved by FDA. They are classified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists (NMDA). Unfortunately, they can only treat the symptoms but cannot cure AD or stop its progression. New therapeutic approaches were developed for AD treatment including acitretin due to its ability to cross blood-brain barrier in the brain of rats and mice and induce the expression of ADAM 10 gene, the α-secretase of human amyloid-β protein precursor, stimulating the non-amyloidogenic pathway for amyloid-β protein precursor processing resulting in amyloid-β reduction. Also stem cells may have a crucial role in AD treatment as they can improve cognitive functions and memory in AD rats through regeneration of damaged neurons. This review spotlights on promising diagnostic techniques such as miRNAs and therapeutic approaches such as acitretin and/or stem cells keeping in consideration AD pathogenesis, stages, symptoms, and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M. Elzayat
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. Shahien
- Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Sherif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hosney
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Serum TG/HDL-C level at the acute phase of ischemic stroke is associated with post-stroke cognitive impairment. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5977-5984. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Iron Deposition in Brain: Does Aging Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710018. [PMID: 36077413 PMCID: PMC9456423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of iron homeostasis related to the aging process is responsible for increased iron levels, potentially leading to oxidative cellular damage. Iron is modulated in the Central Nervous System in a very sensitive manner and an abnormal accumulation of iron in the brain has been proposed as a biomarker of neurodegeneration. However, contrasting results have been presented regarding brain iron accumulation and the potential link with other factors during aging and neurodegeneration. Such uncertainties partly depend on the fact that different techniques can be used to estimate the distribution of iron in the brain, e.g., indirect (e.g., MRI) or direct (post-mortem estimation) approaches. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that the propensity of brain cells to accumulate excessive iron as a function of aging largely depends on their anatomical location. This review aims to collect the available data on the association between iron concentration in the brain and aging, shedding light on potential mechanisms that may be helpful in the detection of physiological neurodegeneration processes and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Zhang Y, Gao H, Zheng W, Xu H. Current understanding of the interactions between metal ions and Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105824. [PMID: 35878744 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia in the elderly, is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no effective disease-modifying treatments to date. Studies have shown that an imbalance in brain metal ions, such as zinc, copper, and iron, is closely related to the onset and progression of AD. Many efforts have been made to understand metal-related mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for AD. Emerging evidence suggests that interactions of brain metal ions and apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, may be one of the mechanisms for neurodegeneration. Here, we summarize the key points regarding how metal ions and ApoE contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. We further describe the interactions between metal ions and ApoE in the brain and propose that their interactions play an important role in neuropathological alterations and cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiling Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Luo JJ, Wallace W, Kusiak JW. A tough trek in the development of an anti-amyloid therapy for Alzheimer's disease: Do we see hope in the distance? J Neurol Sci 2022; 438:120294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Wei J, Gianattasio KZ, Bennett EE, Stewart JD, Xu X, Park ES, Smith RL, Ying Q, Whitsel EA, Power MC. The Associations of Dietary Copper With Cognitive Outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1202-1211. [PMID: 35238336 PMCID: PMC9890213 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary copper intake may be associated with cognitive decline and dementia. We used data from 10,269 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risks in Communities Study to study the associations of dietary copper intake with 20-year cognitive decline and incident dementia. Dietary copper intake from food and supplements was quantified using food frequency questionnaires. Cognition was assessed using 3 cognitive tests at study visits; dementia was ascertained at study visits and via surveillance. Multiple imputation by chained equations was applied to account for the missing information of cognitive function during follow-up. Survival analysis with parametric models and mixed-effect models were used to estimate the associations for incident dementia and cognitive decline, respectively. During 20 years of follow-up (1996-1998 to 2016-2017), 1,862 incident cases of dementia occurred. Higher intake of dietary copper from food was associated with higher risk of incident dementia among those with high intake of saturated fat (hazard ratio = 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.95). Higher intake of dietary copper from food was associated with greater decline in language overall (beta = -0.12, 95% confidence interval: -0.23, -0.02). Therefore, a diet high in copper, particularly when combined with a diet high in saturated fat, may increase the risk of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkai Wei
- Correspondence to Dr. Jingkai Wei, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208 (e-mail: )
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12
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Gasmi A, Menzel A, Piscopo S, Noor S. Toxic Metals Exposure and APOE4 Gene Variant in Cognitive Decline Disorders. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2022; 77:1-10. [PMID: 35891722 PMCID: PMC9288612 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356078.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are those which affect cognitive functions. Misfolding of proteins especially apolipoprotein E is a key genetic factor involved in several cognitive impairments. Increasing evidence also described the toxic effects of metals, generated by both nature and humans, on the development of neurological disorders. Understanding of interaction between toxic metals and apolipoprotein E protein in cognitive decline diosrders would provide alternative treatment options. Google Scholar and PubMed database were used to search the articles using different search terms like 'toxic metals', 'cognitive decline', 'Apolipoprotein E', "neurodegenerative disorders" and "metals neurotoxicity". Only those papers were included that discussed the metal exposure-apolipoprotein association in the development of cognitive decline disorders. Heavy metals are particularly recognized as a major source of neurotoxicity. These toxic metals can interact with genetic factors and play important role in disease etiology. Understanding the underlying mechanism of this interaction could provide tremendous benefits to treat cognitive decline disorders. In this study, the role of the apolipoprotein E4 gene in the development of cognitive disease conditions and their phenotypes has been discussed thoroughly which leads to the accumulation of amyloid-beta fibrils. This exploratory study revealed novel hypothetical findings which might contribute to the understanding of the neurotoxic effects of chronic toxic metals exposure and possibly improve our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms linking metal exposure to cognitive decline disorder risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg
| | - S Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
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Paranjpe MD, Wang JK, Zhou Y. Sex, ApoE4 and Alzheimer's disease: rethinking drug discovery in the era of precision medicine. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1764-1765. [PMID: 33510067 PMCID: PMC8328780 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manish D. Paranjpe
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason K Wang
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Augusto-Oliveira M, Arrifano GDP, Lopes-Araújo A, Santos-Sacramento L, Lima RR, Lamers ML, Le Blond J, Crespo-Lopez ME. Salivary biomarkers and neuropsychological outcomes: A non-invasive approach to investigate pollutants-associated neurotoxicity and its effects on cognition in vulnerable populations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111432. [PMID: 34062204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of neurotoxicity caused by xenobiotics such as pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, organophosphates, pyrethroids, etc.) or metals (mercury, lead, aluminum, arsenic, etc.) is a growing concern around the world, particularly in vulnerable populations with difficulties on both detection and symptoms treatment, due to low economic status, remote access, poor infrastructure, and low educational level, among others features. Despite the numerous molecular markers and questionnaires/clinical evaluations, studying neurotoxicity and its effects on cognition in these populations faces problems with samples collection and processing, and information accuracy. Assessing cognitive changes caused by neurotoxicity, especially those that are subtle in the initial stages, is fundamentally challenging. Finding accurate, non-invasive, and low-cost strategies to detect the first signals of brain injury has the potential to support an accelerated development of the research with these populations. Saliva emerges as an ideal pool of biomarkers (with interleukins and neural damage-related proteins, among others) and potential alternative diagnostic fluid to molecularly investigate neurotoxicity. As a source of numerous neurological biomarkers, saliva has several advantages compared to blood, such as easier storage, requires less manipulation, and the procedure is cheaper, safer and well accepted by patients compared with drawing blood. Regarding cognitive dysfunction, neuropsychological batteries represent, with their friendly interface, a feasible and accurate method to evaluate the eventual cognitive deficits associated with neurotoxicity in people from diverse cultural and educational backgrounds. The association of these two tools, saliva and neuropsychological batteries, to cover the molecular and cognitive aspects of neurotoxicity in vulnerable populations, could potentially increase the prevalence of early intervention and successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela de Paula Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Santos-Sacramento
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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15
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Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Papageorgiou SG, Piperi C. APOE Genotype and Alzheimer's Disease: The Influence of Lifestyle and Environmental Factors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2749-2764. [PMID: 34275270 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with obscure pathogenesis and no disease-modifying therapy to date. AD is multifactorial disease that develops from the complex interplay of genetic factors and environmental exposures. The E4 allele of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the most common genetic risk factor for AD, whereas the E2 allele acts in a protective manner. A growing amount of epidemiological evidence suggests that several lifestyle habits and environmental factors may interact with APOE alleles to synergistically affect the risk of AD development. Among them, physical exercise, dietary habits including fat intake and ketogenic diet, higher education, traumatic brain injury, cigarette smoking, coffee consumption, alcohol intake, and exposure to pesticides and sunlight have gained increasing attention. Although the current evidence is inconsistent, it seems that younger APOE4 carriers in preclinical stages may benefit mostly from preventive lifestyle interventions, whereas older APOE4 noncarriers with dementia may show the most pronounced effects. The large discrepancies between the epidemiological studies may be attributed to differences in the sample sizes, the demographic characteristics of the participants, including age and sex, the methodological design, and potential related exposures and comorbidities as possible cofounding factors. In this Review, we aim to discuss available evidence of the prominent APOE genotype-environment interactions in regard to cognitive decline with a focus on AD, providing an overview of the current landscape in this field and suggesting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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16
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Babić Leko M, Jurasović J, Nikolac Perković M, Španić E, Sekovanić A, Orct T, Lukinović Škudar V, Bačić Baronica K, Kiđemet-Piskač S, Vogrinc Ž, Pivac N, Borovečki F, Hof PR, Šimić G. The Association of Essential Metals with APOE Genotype in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:661-672. [PMID: 34057084 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major confirmed genetic risk factor for late-onset, sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is variant ɛ4 of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE). It is proposed that ApoE, a protein involved in transport of cholesterol to neurons can cause neurodegeneration in AD through interaction with metals. Previous studies mostly associated copper, iron, zinc, and calcium with ApoE4-mediated toxicity. OBJECTIVE To test the association of essential metals with APOE genotype. METHODS We compared plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of copper, zinc, iron, sodium, magnesium, calcium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, boron, and chromium, and CSF ferritin levels among AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and healthy controls (HC) with different APOE genotype. RESULTS Sodium, copper, and magnesium levels were increased in carriers of ɛ4 allele. Additionally, the increase in sodium, calcium and cobalt plasma levels was observed in carriers of ɛ4/ɛx genotype. The decrease in boron plasma levels was observed in carriers of ɛ4 allele and ɛ4/ɛ4 genotype. Additionally, CSF zinc levels as well as plasma sodium levels were increased in AD patients compared to HC. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the molecular underpinnings of association of essential metals and metalloids with APOE should be further tested and clarified in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ankica Sekovanić
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Lukinović Škudar
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Koraljka Bačić Baronica
- University Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia and Neurology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Željka Vogrinc
- Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Toro CA, Hansen J, Siddiq MM, Johnson K, Zhao W, Azulai D, Das DK, Bauman W, Sebra R, Cai D, Iyengar R, Cardozo CP. The Human ApoE4 Variant Reduces Functional Recovery and Neuronal Sprouting After Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury in Male Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:626192. [PMID: 33679326 PMCID: PMC7930340 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.626192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating form of neurotrauma. Patients who carry one or two apolipoprotein E (ApoE)4 alleles show worse functional outcomes and longer hospital stays after SCI, but the cellular and molecular underpinnings for this genetic link remain poorly understood. Thus, there is a great need to generate animal models to accurately replicate the genetic determinants of outcomes after SCI to spur development of treatments that improve physical function. Here, we examined outcomes after a moderate contusion SCI of transgenic mice expressing human ApoE3 or ApoE4. ApoE4 mice have worse locomotor function and coordination after SCI. Histological examination revealed greater glial staining in ApoE4 mice after SCI associated with reduced levels of neuronal sprouting markers. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed that subcellular processes (SCPs), such as extracellular matrix organization and inflammatory responses, were highly ranked among upregulated genes at 7 days after SCI in ApoE4 variants. Conversely, SCPs related to neuronal action potential and neuron projection development were increased in ApoE3 mice at 21 days. In summary, our results reveal a clinically relevant SCI mouse model that recapitulates the influence of ApoE genotypes on post SCI function in individuals who carry these alleles and suggest that the mechanisms underlying worse recovery for ApoE4 animals involve glial activation and loss of sprouting and synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Toro
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders System of Care, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jens Hansen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mustafa M Siddiq
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kaitlin Johnson
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders System of Care, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders System of Care, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniella Azulai
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders System of Care, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dibash K Das
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders System of Care, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, United States
| | - William Bauman
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders System of Care, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Studies, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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18
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Trdin A, Snoj Tratnik J, Stajnko A, Marc J, Mazej D, Sešek Briški A, Kastelec D, Prpić I, Petrović O, Špirić Z, Horvat M, Falnoga I. Trace elements and APOE polymorphisms in pregnant women and their new-borns. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105626. [PMID: 32622117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between lipid binding glycoprotein apolipoprotein E (apoE; gene APOE) polymorphisms (ε4 allele carriers versus no carriers = ε4+/ε4-) and trace elements (TEs) (e.g., (methyl)mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, selenium, manganese, copper, and zinc) in mothers (N = 223) and their new-borns (N = 213) exposed to potentially toxic metal(loid)s from seafood consumption. The apoE isoform encoded by the ε4 allele is believed to have beneficial effects in early life but represents a risk factor for age-associated diseases. Under certain conditions ε4 carriers are more susceptible to oxidative stress and metal(loid) toxicity. DNA from Croatian pregnant women (N = 223, third trimester) and their new-borns (N = 176), was genotyped for APOE by TaqMan® SNP assay - rs429358 and rs7412. Seafood intake data and TE levels in maternal urine, milk, hair, peripheral venous blood, mixed cord blood, and new-borns' urine were available from previous studies. We compared TEs between ε4+ and ε4- carriers using Mann-Whitney U tests and applied multiple linear regression models to analyse the TE's dependence on the presence of allele ε4 (genotypes ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4) in combination with other explanatory variables. We identified 17% (n = 37) and 20% (n = 35) ε4 allele carriers in mothers and new-borns, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that mothers with the ε4 allele had significantly higher mean levels of (methyl)mercury in peripheral venous blood, cord blood, and hair; arsenic in urine and cord blood; and selenium in peripheral venous blood and plasma. However, taking confounders into account, only the maternal plasma selenium remained statistically significant in the linear regression models (ε4 carriers vs non-carriers: 62.6 vs 54.9 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Literature suggestions of possible ε4 allele impact on Hg levels were not observed, while superior selenium status observed in healthy pregnant women carrying allele ε4 could be linked to the proposed APOE ε4 beneficial effects early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Trdin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Stajnko
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Sešek Briški
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Igor Prpić
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Oleg Petrović
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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19
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Bittencourt LO, Dionizio A, Nascimento PC, Puty B, Leão LKR, Luz DA, Silva MCF, Amado LL, Leite A, Buzalaf MR, Crespo-Lopez ME, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Proteomic approach underlying the hippocampal neurodegeneration caused by low doses of methylmercury after long-term exposure in adult rats. Metallomics 2020; 11:390-403. [PMID: 30525157 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an important toxicant that causes cognitive dysfunctions in humans. This study aimed to investigate the proteomic and biochemical alterations of the hippocampus associated with behavioural consequences of low doses of MeHg in a long-term exposure model, and to realistically mimic in vivo the result of human exposure to this toxicant. Adult Wistar male rats were exposed to a dose of MeHg at 0.04 mg kg-1 day-1 by gavage for 60 days. Total mercury (Hg) content was significantly increased in the hippocampal parenchyma. The increase in the Hg levels was capable of reducing neuron and astrocyte cell density in the CA1, CA3, hilus and dentate gyrus regions, increasing both malondialdehyde and nitrite levels and decreasing antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals. The proteomic analysis detected 1041 proteins with altered expression due to MeHg exposure, including 364 proteins with no expression, 295 proteins with de novo expression and 382 proteins with up- or down-regulated expression. This proteomic approach revealed alterations in pathways related to chemical synapses, metabolism, amino acid transport, cell energy, neurodegenerative processes and myelin maintenance. Therefore, even at low doses of MeHg exposure, it is possible to cause hippocampal damage in adult rats at many organisational levels, triggering oxidative stress and proteome misbalance, featuring a neurodegenerative process and culminating in long- and short-term memory and learning deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, No 125, Augusto Corrêa Street N. 01, Guamá, 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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20
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Fuller-Thomson E, Deng Z. Could Lifetime Lead Exposure Play a Role in Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy (LATE)? J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:455-459. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Institute for Life Course & Aging, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - ZhiDi Deng
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Toro CA, Das DK, Cai D, Cardozo CP. Elucidating the Role of Apolipoprotein E Isoforms in Spinal Cord Injury-Associated Neuropathology. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:3317-3322. [PMID: 31218915 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating, life-altering, neurological event that affects ∼300,000 individuals in the United States. Currently, there are no effective treatments to reverse the neurological impairments caused by the lesion. Until a cure is available, there is an urgent need for strategies that can either spare injured neurons or promote neuroplasticity and functional recovery. Genetic links to outcomes after SCI may provide insights into the pathological mechanisms, and possible new avenues for drug development. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge linking apolipoprotein E genotypes with better or worse functional outcomes after an SCI, and the possible molecular mechanisms that may contribute to this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Toro
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, New York
| | - Dibash K Das
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, New York
| | - Dongming Cai
- Neurology Service, James J. Peters VA, Bronx, New York
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, New York
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, New York
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, New York
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22
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Yuan Y, Long P, Liu K, Xiao Y, He S, Li J, Mo T, Liu Y, Yu Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Liu X, Yang H, Li X, Min X, Zhang C, Zhang X, Pan A, He M, Hu FB, Navas-Acien A, Wu T. Multiple plasma metals, genetic risk and serum C-reactive protein: A metal-metal and gene-metal interaction study. Redox Biol 2019; 29:101404. [PMID: 31926627 PMCID: PMC6921203 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-recognized biomarker of inflammation, which can be used as a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Evidence have suggested exposure to multiple metals/metalloids may affect immune system and give rise to cardiovascular disease. However, it is lack of study to comprehensively evaluate the association of multiple metals and CRP, the interactions between metals, and the gene-metal interaction in relation to CRP levels. Aims To explore the associations of multiple plasma metals with serum CRP, and to test the interactions between metals, and gene-metal interactions on the levels of serum CRP. Methods We included 2882 participants from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, China, and measured 23 plasma metals and serum CRP concentrations. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on 7 established CRP-associated variants. For metals which were associated with the levels of CRP, we further tested the interactions between metals on CRP, and analyzed the gene-metal interactions on CRP. Results The median level for CRP in the total population was 1.17 mg/L. After multivariable adjustment, plasma copper was positively associated with serum CRP (FDR < 0.001), whereas selenium was negatively associated with serum CRP (FDR = 0.01). Moreover, selenium and zinc attenuated the positive association between high plasma copper and CRP (P for interaction < 0.001). Participants with a higher GRS had a higher CRP level, with the increase in ln-transformed CRP per increment of 5 risk alleles were 0.64 for weighted GRS, and 0.54 for unweighted GRS (both P < 0.001). Furthermore, the genetic association with CRP was modified by copper concentration (P for interaction < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that serum CRP is positively associated with plasma concentration of copper, and inversely associated with selenium. Plasma zinc, selenium and CRP genetic predisposition would modify the associations between plasma copper and serum CRP. We found that serum CRP was positively associated with plasma copper, and inversely associated with selenium. The positive association of plasma copper with serum CRP appeared to be attenuated with high plasma zinc and selenium. This is the first study that explored the potential gene-metal interactions in relation to CRP levels. These novel findings may provide new insights to personalized prevention and interventions for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pinpin Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqi He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tingting Mo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lue Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuezhen Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiulou Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinwen Min
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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23
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Ervik AO, Solvang SEH, Nordrehaug JE, Ueland PM, Midttun Ø, Hildre A, McCann A, Nygård O, Aarsland D, Giil LM. The Associations Between Cognitive Prognosis and Kynurenines Are Modified by the Apolipoprotein ε4 Allele Variant in Patients With Dementia. Int J Tryptophan Res 2019; 12:1178646919885637. [PMID: 31798303 PMCID: PMC6859685 DOI: 10.1177/1178646919885637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The apolipoprotein E ε4 gene variant (APOEε4) confers considerable risk for
dementia and affects neuroinflammation, brain metabolism, and synaptic
function. The kynurenine pathway (KP) gives rise to neuroactive metabolites,
which have inflammatory, redox, and excitotoxic effects in the brain. Aim: To assess whether the presence of at least one APOEε4 allele modifies the
association between kynurenines and the cognitive prognosis. Methods: A total of 152 patients with sera for metabolite measurements and APOE
genotype were included from the Dementia Study of Western
Norway. The participants had mild Alzheimer disease and Lewy body dementia.
Apolipoprotein E ε4 gene variant allele status was classified as one or more
ε4 versus any other. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was measured at
baseline and for 5 consecutive years. Mann-Whitney U tests
and linear mixed-effects models were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in serum concentrations of tryptophan
and kynurenine according to the presence or absence of APOEε4. High serum
concentrations of kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, and picolinic acid, and a
higher kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio, were all associated with more
cognitive decline in patients without APOEε4 compared to those with the
APOEε4 allele (P-value of the interactions < .05). Conclusions: Kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, picolinic acid, and the
kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio were associated with a significant increase
in cognitive decline when the APOEε4 variant was absent, whereas there was a
relatively less decline when the APOEε4 variant was present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Olav Ervik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein-Erik Hafstad Solvang
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Nordrehaug
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Audun Hildre
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lasse Melvaer Giil
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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24
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Afzal M, Redha A, AlHasan R. Anthocyanins Potentially Contribute to Defense against Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:E4255. [PMID: 31766696 PMCID: PMC6930593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ANTs) are plant pigments that belong to a flavanol class of polyphenols and have diverse pharmacological properties. These compounds are primarily found in fruits and vegetables, with an average daily intake of 180 mgd-1 of these compounds in the developed world. ANTs are potent antioxidants that might regulate the free radical-mediated generation of amyloid peptides (Abeta-amyloids) in the brain, which causes Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study presents a literature review of ANTs from different berries and their potential therapeutic value, with particular emphasis on neurodegenerative AD, which owing to oxidative stress. This review also highlights reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through energy metabolism, nitrogen reactive species, the role of transition metals in generating ROS, and the radical-quenching mechanisms of natural antioxidants, including ANTs. The current status of the bioavailability, solubility, and structure activity relationship of ANTs is discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat-13060, Kuwait; (A.R.); (R.A.)
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25
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Wojtunik-Kulesza K, Oniszczuk A, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. An attempt to elucidate the role of iron and zinc ions in development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1277-1289. [PMID: 30841441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are among the most studied issues both in medicine and pharmacy. Despite long and extensive research, there is no effective treatment prescribed for such diseases, including Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. Available data exposes their multi-faceted character that requires a complex and multidirectional approach to treatment. In this case, the most important challenge is to understand the neurodegenerative mechanisms, which should permit the development of more elaborate and effective therapies. In the submitted review, iron and zinc are discussed as important and perfectly possible neurodegenerative factors behind Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It is commonly known that these elements are present in living organisms and are essential for the proper operation of the body. Still, their influence is positive only when their proper balance is maintained. Otherwise, when any imbalance occurs, this can eventuate in numerous disturbances, among them oxidative stress, accumulation of amyloid β and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, let alone the increase in α-synuclein concentration. At the same time, available research data reveals certain discrepancies in approaching metal ions as either impassive, helpful, or negative factors influencing the development of neurodegenerative changes. This review outlines selected neurodegenerative disorders, highlights the role of iron and zinc in the human body and discusses cases of their imbalance leading to neurodegenerative changes as shown in vitro and in vivo studies as well as through relevant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojtunik-Kulesza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
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26
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Links Between Iron and Lipids: Implications in Some Major Human Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040113. [PMID: 30360386 PMCID: PMC6315991 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of iron homeostasis is critical to cellular health as both its excess and insufficiency are detrimental. Likewise, lipids, which are essential components of cellular membranes and signaling mediators, must also be tightly regulated to hinder disease progression. Recent research, using a myriad of model organisms, as well as data from clinical studies, has revealed links between these two metabolic pathways, but the mechanisms behind these interactions and the role these have in the progression of human diseases remains unclear. In this review, we summarize literature describing cross-talk between iron and lipid pathways, including alterations in cholesterol, sphingolipid, and lipid droplet metabolism in response to changes in iron levels. We discuss human diseases correlating with both iron and lipid alterations, including neurodegenerative disorders, and the available evidence regarding the potential mechanisms underlying how iron may promote disease pathogenesis. Finally, we review research regarding iron reduction techniques and their therapeutic potential in treating patients with these debilitating conditions. We propose that iron-mediated alterations in lipid metabolic pathways are involved in the progression of these diseases, but further research is direly needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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27
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Pao PJ, Emri E, Abdirahman SB, Soorma T, Zeng HH, Hauck SM, Thompson RB, Lengyel I. The effects of zinc supplementation on primary human retinal pigment epithelium. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018. [PMID: 29523386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Population-based and interventional studies have shown that elevated zinc levels can reduce the progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration. The objective of this study was to assess whether elevated extracellular zinc has a direct effect on retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), by examining the phenotype and molecular characteristics of increased extracellular zinc on human primary RPE cells. Monolayers of human foetal primary RPE cells were grown on culture inserts and maintained in medium supplemented with increasing total concentrations of zinc (0, 75, 100, 125 and 150 μM) for up to 4 weeks. Changes in cell viability and differentiation as well as expression and secretion of proteins were investigated. RPE cells developed a confluent monolayer with cobblestone morphology and transepithelial resistance (TER) >200 Ω*cm2 within 4 weeks. There was a zinc concentration-dependent increase in TER and pigmentation, with the largest effects being achieved by the addition of 125 μM zinc to the culture medium, corresponding to 3.4 nM available (free) zinc levels. The cells responded to addition of zinc by significantly increasing the expression of Retinoid Isomerohydrolase (RPE65) gene; cell pigmentation; Premelanosome Protein (PMEL17) immunoreactivity; and secretion of proteins including Apolipoprotein E (APOE), Complement Factor H (CFH), and High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1 (HTRA1) without an effect on cell viability. This study shows that elevated extracellular zinc levels have a significant and direct effect on differentiation and function of the RPE cells in culture, which may explain, at least in part, the positive effects seen in clinical settings. The results also highlight that determining and controlling of available, as opposed to total added, zinc will be essential to be able to compare results obtained in different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jung Pao
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1 V9EL, United Kingdom; Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Eszter Emri
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1 V9EL, United Kingdom; Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Safiya Bishar Abdirahman
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1 V9EL, United Kingdom.
| | - Talha Soorma
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1 V9EL, United Kingdom.
| | - Hui-Hui Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health(GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Richard B Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - Imre Lengyel
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1 V9EL, United Kingdom; Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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28
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Arrifano GPF, Martín-Doimeadios RCR, Jiménez-Moreno M, Fernández-Trujillo S, Augusto-Oliveira M, Souza-Monteiro JR, Macchi BM, Alvarez-Leite JI, do Nascimento JLM, Amador MT, Santos S, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos Â, Silva-Pereira LC, Oriá RB, Crespo-Lopez ME. Genetic Susceptibility to Neurodegeneration in Amazon: Apolipoprotein E Genotyping in Vulnerable Populations Exposed to Mercury. Front Genet 2018; 9:285. [PMID: 30100920 PMCID: PMC6073741 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to mercury is a serious problem of public health in Amazon. As in other vulnerable populations throughout the world, Amazonian riverine populations are chronically exposed to this metal and some symptoms of mercury intoxication were already detected in these populations. However, studies on the genetic susceptibility to mercury toxicity in the Amazon are scarce, and they tested a limited number of individuals. In this context, apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is a key element with a well-established association among their alleles and the neurodegenerative consequences of mercury intoxication. However, no studies have addressed APOE genotyping in Amazonian exposed populations. Additionally, epidemiological studies with APOE genotyping in Amazon have been restricted to indigenous populations. Therefore, this work analyzed for the first time the genotypic and allelic profiles of APOE in Amazonian riverine populations chronically exposed to mercury. Eight hundred and twenty three individuals were enrolled in our study donating blood (794) and/or hair (757). APOE genotyping was analyzed by real-time PCR. Total mercury and mercury species were quantified by ICP-MS and GC-pyro-AFS, respectively. Genomic ancestry markers were evaluated by multiplex-PCR reaction, separated by capillary electrophoresis on the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer instrument and analyzed on GeneMapper ID v3.2. The 𝜀3 and 𝜀3/𝜀3 were the most frequent allele and genotype, respectively, followed by 𝜀4 allele and 𝜀3/𝜀4 genotype. Only 𝜀2/𝜀2 genotype was not found, suggesting that the absence of this genotype is a generalized phenomenon in Amazon. Also, our data supported an association between the presence of APOE4 and the Amerindian origin in these populations. Fifty-nine individuals were identified at maximum risk with levels of mercury above 10 μg/g and the presence of APOE4. Interestingly, among individuals with high mercury content, APOE4-carriers had high mercury levels than APOE2-carriers, pointing to a different heavy metal accumulation according to the APOE allele. These data suggest that APOE4, in addition to a possible pharmacodynamic effect, may influence pharmacokinetically the mercury exposure causing its higher accumulation and leading to worse deleterious consequences. Our results may aid in the development of prevention strategies and health policy decision-making regarding these at-risk vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P F Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rosa C R Martín-Doimeadios
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - María Jiménez-Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernández-Trujillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção (Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - José R Souza-Monteiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Barbarella M Macchi
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - José L M do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Neuroscience Research Group, CEUMA University, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Marcos T Amador
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria E Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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29
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Talwar P, Grover S, Sinha J, Chandna P, Agarwal R, Kushwaha S, Kukreti R. Multifactorial Analysis of a Biomarker Pool for Alzheimer Disease Risk in a North Indian Population. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018. [PMID: 28633142 DOI: 10.1159/000477206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a complex multifactorial etiology. Here, we aim to identify a biomarker pool comprised of genetic variants and blood biomarkers as predictor of AD risk. METHODS We performed a case-control study involving 108 cases and 159 non-demented healthy controls to examine the association of multiple biomarkers with AD risk. RESULTS The APOE genotyping revealed that ε4 allele frequency was significantly high (p value = 0.0001, OR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.58-4.46) in AD as compared to controls, whereas ε2 (p = 0.0430, OR = 0.29, CI 0.07-1.10) was overrepresented in controls. In biochemical assays, significant differences in levels of total copper, free copper, zinc, copper/zinc ratio, iron, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leptin, and albumin were also observed. The AD risk score (ADRS) as a linear combination of 6 candidate markers involving age, education status, APOE ε4 allele, levels of iron, Cu/Zn ratio, and EGFR was created using stepwise linear discriminant analysis. The area under the ROC curve of the ADRS panel for predicting AD risk was significantly high (AUC = 0.84, p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.78-0.89, sensitivity = 70.0%, specificity = 83.8%) compared to individual parameters. CONCLUSION These findings support the multifactorial etiology of AD and demonstrate the ability of a panel involving 6 biomarkers to discriminate AD cases from non-demented healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Talwar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India
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30
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Wang R, Chen Z, Fu Y, Wei X, Liao J, Liu X, He B, Xu Y, Zou J, Yang X, Weng R, Tan S, McElroy C, Jin K, Wang Q. Plasma Cystatin C and High-Density Lipoprotein Are Important Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:26. [PMID: 28223934 PMCID: PMC5294921 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Cystatin C (Cys C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) play critical roles in neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). However, whether they can be used as reliable biomarkers to distinguish patients with dementia from healthy subjects and to determine disease severity remain largely unknown. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine plasma Cys C and HDL levels of 88 patients with dementia (43 AD patients, 45 VaD patients) and 45 healthy age-matched controls. The severity of dementia was determined based on the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale, the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), the Lawton Instrumental ADL (IADL) Scale, and the Hachinski Ischemia Scale (Hachinski). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Cys C and HDL levels in distinguishing patients with dementia from healthy subjects. Results: We found that plasma Cys C levels were higher, but HDL levels were lower in AD and VaD patients respectively, compared to healthy control subjects. Yet, Cys C levels were highest among patients with VaD. Interestingly, plasma Cys C levels were significantly correlated with IADL Scale scores. In addition, the ROC curves for Cys C (area under the curve, AUC 0.816 for AD, AUC 0.841 for VaD) and HDL (AUC 0.800 for AD, AUC 0.731 for VaD) exhibited potential diagnostic value in distinguishing AD/VaD patients from healthy subjects. While the ROC curve for the combination of Cys C and HDL (AUC 0.873 for AD, AUC 0.897 for VaD) showed higher diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing AD/VaD patients from healthy subjects than the separate curves for each parameter. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the inflammatory mediators Cys C and HDL may play important roles in the pathogenesis of dementia, and plasma Cys C and HDL levels may be useful screening tools for differentiating AD/VaD patients from healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Chen
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Fu
- Departments of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchi Liao
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingjun He
- Departments of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunqi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Departments of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihui Weng
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Tan
- Departments of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Christopher McElroy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseGuangzhou, China
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31
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KHANAHMADI M, FARHUD DD, MALMIR M, ORANG S. Some Biochemical Markers in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 45:1355-1358. [PMID: 27957443 PMCID: PMC5149500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal ions effect on homeostasis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the metal ions (Iron, Zinc and Copper) and CBC in patients with AD in comparison with normal range. METHODS The samples of study were 17 patients with AD in Tehran's aging centers in 2015, selected as an access sample. Blood samples were analyzed in a pathobiology laboratory. Data were analyzed by one sample t-test. RESULTS According to the normal range, provided by laboratory, there is a significant difference between zinc in patients with AD and normal reference interval (α=0.01). The comparison of CBC of the AD patients with normal group showed also some decreases. CONCLUSION Zinc value in AD patients is significantly lower than normal range. It should be repeated by a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dariush D. FARHUD
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dept. of Basic Sciences/Ethics, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam MALMIR
- Research Center of Life Style, Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila ORANG
- Dept. of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Li J, Hua L, Han B, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zeng Z, Bai H, Yin H, Lou J. Effects of caffeic acid on learning deficits in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:869-75. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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33
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Bamburg JR, Bernstein BW. Actin dynamics and cofilin-actin rods in alzheimer disease. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:477-97. [PMID: 26873625 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal abnormalities and synaptic loss, typical of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD), are induced by diverse stresses such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and energetic stress, each of which may be initiated or enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines or amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Extracellular Aβ-containing plaques and intracellular phospho-tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles are postmortem pathologies required to confirm AD and have been the focus of most studies. However, AD brain, but not normal brain, also have increased levels of cytoplasmic rod-shaped bundles of filaments composed of ADF/cofilin-actin in a 1:1 complex (rods). Cofilin, the major ADF/cofilin isoform in mammalian neurons, severs actin filaments at low cofilin/actin ratios and stabilizes filaments at high cofilin/actin ratios. It binds cooperatively to ADP-actin subunits in F-actin. Cofilin is activated by dephosphorylation and may be oxidized in stressed neurons to form disulfide-linked dimers, required for bundling cofilin-actin filaments into stable rods. Rods form within neurites causing synaptic dysfunction by sequestering cofilin, disrupting normal actin dynamics, blocking transport, and exacerbating mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Aβ and proinflammatory cytokines induce rods through a cellular prion protein-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase and production of reactive oxygen species. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of cofilin biochemistry, rod formation, and the development of cognitive deficits. We will then discuss rod formation as a molecular pathway for synapse loss that may be common between all three prominent current AD hypotheses, thus making rods an attractive therapeutic target. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
| | - Barbara W Bernstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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Szabo ST, Harry GJ, Hayden KM, Szabo DT, Birnbaum L. Comparison of Metal Levels between Postmortem Brain and Ventricular Fluid in Alzheimer's Disease and Nondemented Elderly Controls. Toxicol Sci 2015; 150:292-300. [PMID: 26721301 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential metal hypothesis for neurodegenerative disease suggests an alteration in metal homeostasis contributing to the onset and progression of disease. Similar associations have been proposed for nonessential metals. To examine the relationship between metal levels in brain tissue and ventricular fluid (VF), postmortem samples of frontal cortex (FC) and VF from Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and nondemented elderly subjects were analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) using inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. All metals, with exception of equivalent Pb levels, were lower in the VF, compared to FC. Within-subject comparisons demonstrated that VF levels were not representative of levels within brain tissue. The essential metals Cu, Fe, and Zn were found highest in both compartments. Cd, Hg, and V levels in the VF were below the limit of quantification. In AD cases, FC levels of Fe were higher and As and Cd were lower than levels in controls, while levels of As in the VF were higher. Parameter estimates for FC metal levels indicated an association of Braak stage and higher Fe levels and an association of Braak stage and lower As, Mn, and Zn levels. The data showed no evidence of an accumulation of nonessential metals within the AD brain and, with the exception of As, showed no significant shift in the ratio of FC to VF levels to indicate differential clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Szabo
- *Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mental Health Service Line, Durham, North Carolina 27705; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705;
| | - G Jean Harry
- Neurotoxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Kathleen M Hayden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Joseph and Kathleen ADRC, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705
| | - David T Szabo
- RAI Services Company, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27102; and
| | - Linda Birnbaum
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Rollo JL, Banihashemi N, Vafaee F, Crawford JW, Kuncic Z, Holsinger RMD. Unraveling the mechanistic complexity of Alzheimer's disease through systems biology. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 12:708-18. [PMID: 26703952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial disease that has reached global epidemic proportions. The challenge remains to fully identify its underlying molecular mechanisms that will enable development of accurate diagnostic tools and therapeutics. Conventional experimental approaches that target individual or small sets of genes or proteins may overlook important parts of the regulatory network, which limits the opportunity of identifying multitarget interventions. Our perspective is that a more complete insight into potential treatment options for AD will only be made possible through studying the disease as a system. We propose an integrative systems biology approach that we argue has been largely untapped in AD research. We present key publications to demonstrate the value of this approach and discuss the potential to intensify research efforts in AD through transdisciplinary collaboration. We highlight challenges and opportunities for significant breakthroughs that could be made if a systems biology approach is fully exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Rollo
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, UK.
| | - Nahid Banihashemi
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Vafaee
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Zdenka Kuncic
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R M Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Biomedical Science, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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Talwar P, Sinha J, Grover S, Rawat C, Kushwaha S, Agarwal R, Taneja V, Kukreti R. Dissecting Complex and Multifactorial Nature of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: a Clinical, Genomic, and Systems Biology Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4833-64. [PMID: 26351077 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions. AD can be classified into familial AD (FAD) and sporadic AD (SAD) based on heritability and into early onset AD (EOAD) and late onset AD (LOAD) based on age of onset. LOAD cases are more prevalent with genetically complex architecture. In spite of significant research focused on understanding the etiological mechanisms, search for diagnostic biomarker(s) and disease-modifying therapy is still on. In this article, we aim to comprehensively review AD literature on established etiological mechanisms including role of beta-amyloid and apolipoprotein E (APOE) along with promising newer etiological factors such as epigenetic modifications that have been associated with AD suggesting its multifactorial nature. As genomic studies have recently played a significant role in elucidating AD pathophysiology, a systematic review of findings from genome-wide linkage (GWL), genome-wide association (GWA), genome-wide expression (GWE), and epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) was conducted. The availability of multi-dimensional genomic data has further coincided with the advent of computational and network biology approaches in recent years. Our review highlights the importance of integrative approaches involving genomics and systems biology perspective in elucidating AD pathophysiology. The promising newer approaches may provide reliable means of early and more specific diagnosis and help identify therapeutic interventions for LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Talwar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Juhi Sinha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India.,Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pneumonology-Immunology, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Suman Kushwaha
- Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Agarwal
- Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), Delhi, India
| | - Vibha Taneja
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India. .,Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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Grashow R, Sparrow D, Hu H, Weisskopf MG. Cumulative lead exposure is associated with reduced olfactory recognition performance in elderly men: The Normative Aging Study. Neurotoxicology 2015; 49:158-64. [PMID: 26121922 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfactory dysfunction has been identified as an early warning sign for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia and more. A few occupational and environmental exposures have also been associated with reduced olfactory function, although the effects of long term environmental exposure to lead on olfactory dysfunction have not been explored. Here we performed olfactory recognition testing in elderly men in a community-dwelling cohort and examined the association with cumulative lead exposure, as assessed by lead in tibial and patellar bone. METHODS Olfactory recognition was measured in 165 men from the Normative Aging Study (NAS) who had previously taken part in bone lead measurements using K-X-ray fluorescence (KXRF). Olfactory recognition was measured using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Associations between olfactory recognition, global cognition and cumulative lead exposure were estimated using linear regression, with additional adjustment for age, smoking, and functional polymorphism status for hemochromatosis (HFE), transferrin (TfC2), glutathione-s-transferase Pi1 (GSTP1) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes. Sensitivity analyses explored olfactory recognition in men with high global cognitive function as measured using the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE). RESULTS The average age of the NAS participants at the time of olfactory recognition testing was 80.3 (standard deviation or SD=5.7) years. Mean tibia lead was 16.3 (SD=12.0) μg/g bone, mean patella lead was 22.4 (SD=14.4)μg/g bone, and mean UPSIT score was 26.9 out of 40 (SD=7.0). Consistent with previous findings, age at olfaction testing was negatively associated with UPSIT score. Tibia (but not patella) bone lead was negatively associated with olfaction recognition (per 15 μg/g tibia lead: β=-1.57; 95% CI: -2.93, -0.22; p=0.02) in models adjusted for smoking and age. Additional adjustment for education did not significantly change results. Of all the genes explored, only the presence of one or more HFE variant alleles was significantly associated with olfaction recognition (HFE β=2.26; 95% CI: 0.09, 4.43; p=0.04). In a model containing the HFE term and a lead term, the tibia lead parameter estimate dropped by 21% (per 15 μg/g tibia lead: β=-1.25; 95% CI: -2.64, 0.14; p=0.08) while the HFE term dropped 15% (β=1.91; 95% CI: -0.28, 4.10; p=0.09). None of the other gene terms were associated with olfactory recognition in this cohort, nor were any gene-lead interaction terms significant. Additional sensitivity analysis in men with MMSE scores of 25 or higher (n=149) showed a similar but slightly attenuated association between lead and olfactory recognition (per 15 μg/g tibia lead β=-1.39; 95% CI: -3.00, 0.22; p=0.09). CONCLUSION Cumulative exposure to lead is associated with reduced olfactory recognition in a cohort of elderly men. The association was similar but not significant in men with better cognitive function as measured by the MMSE. Iron metabolism gene status may also affect olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grashow
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David Sparrow
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Xu H, Gupta VB, Martins IJ, Martins RN, Fowler CJ, Bush AI, Finkelstein DI, Adlard PA. Zinc affects the proteolytic stability of Apolipoprotein E in an isoform-dependent way. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 81:38-48. [PMID: 26117305 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological role of zinc in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not yet fully elucidated, but there is strong evidence that zinc homeostasis is impaired in the AD brain and that this contributes to disease pathogenesis. In this study we examined the effects of zinc on the proteolysis of synthetic Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a protein whose allelic variants differentially contribute to the onset/progression of disease. We have demonstrated that zinc promotes the proteolysis (using plasma kallikrein, thrombin and chymotrypsin) of synthetic ApoE in an isoform-specific way (E4>E2 and E3), resulting in more ApoE fragments, particularly for ApoE4. In the absence of exogenous proteases there was no effect of metal modulation on either lipidated or non-lipidated ApoE isoforms. Thus, increased zinc in the complex milieu of the ageing and AD brain could reduce the level of normal full-length ApoE and increase other forms that are involved in neurodegeneration. We further examined human plasma samples from people with different ApoE genotypes. Consistent with previous studies, plasma ApoE levels varied according to different genotypes, with ApoE2 carriers showing the highest total ApoE levels and ApoE4 carriers the lowest. The levels of plasma ApoE were not affected by either the addition of exogenous metals (copper, zinc or iron) or by chelation. Taken together, our study reveals that zinc may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD by affecting the proteolysis of ApoE, which to some extent explains why APOE4 carriers are more susceptible to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Veer B Gupta
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027 WA, Australia
| | - Ian J Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027 WA, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027 WA, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Adlard PA, Chung RS. Editorial: The molecular pathology of cognitive decline: focus on metals. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:116. [PMID: 26136683 PMCID: PMC4469830 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Adlard
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, Division of Mental Health, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger S Chung
- Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
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Zeliger HI, Lipinski B. Physiochemical basis of human degenerative disease. Interdiscip Toxicol 2015; 8:15-21. [PMID: 27486355 PMCID: PMC4961921 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2015-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of human degenerative diseases in humans, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, neurodevelopmental disease and neurodegenerative disease has been shown to be related to exposures to persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and others, as well as to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, bisphenol-A and other aromatic lipophilic species. The onset of these diseases has also been related to exposures to transition metal ions. A physiochemical mechanism for the onset of degenerative environmental disease dependent upon exposure to a combination of lipophilic aromatic hydrocarbons and transition metal ions is proposed here. The findings reported here also, for the first time, explain why aromatic hydrocarbons exhibit greater toxicity than aliphatic hydrocarbons of equal carbon numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boguslaw Lipinski
- Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Association of the apolipoprotein E 2 allele with concurrent occurrence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:593658. [PMID: 25741405 PMCID: PMC4337044 DOI: 10.1155/2015/593658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Genes encoding proteins with antioxidant properties may influence susceptibility to endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and endometrial carcinoma (ECa). Patients with EH (n = 89), EH concurrent with ECa (n = 76), ECa (n = 186), and healthy controls (n = 1110) were genotyped for five polymorphic variants in the genes involved in metabolism of lipoproteins (APOE Cys112Arg and Arg158Cys), iron (HFE Cys282Tyr and His63Asp), and catecholamines (COMT Val158Met). Patients and controls were matched by ethnicity (all Caucasians), age, body mass index (BMI), and incidence of hypertension and diabetes. The frequency of the APOE E 2 allele (158Cys) was higher in patients with EH + ECa than in controls (P = 0.0012, P(Bonferroni) = 0.018, OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.49-4.45). The APOE E 4 allele (112Arg) was more frequently found in patients with EH than in controls and HFE minor allele G (63Asp) had a protective effect in the ECa group, though these results appeared to be nonsignificant after correction for multiple comparisons. The results of the study indicate that E 2 allele might be associated with concurrent occurrence of EH and ECa.
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