1
|
Zhang X, Chen Z, Xiong Y, Zhou Q, Zhu LQ, Liu D. The emerging role of nitric oxide in the synaptic dysfunction of vascular dementia. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:402-415. [PMID: 38819044 PMCID: PMC11317957 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
With an increase in global aging, the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing, and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic rate. However, few therapeutic options exist that can markedly improve the cognitive impairment and prognosis of vascular dementia patients. Similarly in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders, synaptic dysfunction is recognized as the main reason for cognitive decline. Nitric oxide is one of the ubiquitous gaseous cellular messengers involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system. Recently, nitric oxide has been implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. This review introduces in detail the emerging role of nitric oxide in physiological and pathological states of vascular dementia and summarizes the diverse effects of nitric oxide on different aspects of synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction that underlie the progress of vascular dementia. Additionally, we propose that targeting the nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway using certain specific approaches may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Center for Cognitive Science and Transdisciplinary Studies, Jiujiang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yinyi Xiong
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lim L. Modifying Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology with photobiomodulation: model, evidence, and future with EEG-guided intervention. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1407785. [PMID: 39246604 PMCID: PMC11377238 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1407785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript outlines a model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathophysiology in progressive layers, from its genesis to the development of biomarkers and then to symptom expression. Genetic predispositions are the major factor that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent amyloid and tau protein accumulation, which have been identified as hallmarks of AD. Extending beyond these accumulations, we explore a broader spectrum of pathophysiological aspects, including the blood-brain barrier, blood flow, vascular health, gut-brain microbiodata, glymphatic flow, metabolic syndrome, energy deficit, oxidative stress, calcium overload, inflammation, neuronal and synaptic loss, brain matter atrophy, and reduced growth factors. Photobiomodulation (PBM), which delivers near-infrared light to selected brain regions using portable devices, is introduced as a therapeutic approach. PBM has the potential to address each of these pathophysiological aspects, with data provided by various studies. They provide mechanistic support for largely small published clinical studies that demonstrate improvements in memory and cognition. They inform of PBM's potential to treat AD pending validation by large randomized controlled studies. The presentation of brain network and waveform changes on electroencephalography (EEG) provide the opportunity to use these data as a guide for the application of various PBM parameters to improve outcomes. These parameters include wavelength, power density, treatment duration, LED positioning, and pulse frequency. Pulsing at specific frequencies has been found to influence the expression of waveforms and modifications of brain networks. The expression stems from the modulation of cellular and protein structures as revealed in recent studies. These findings provide an EEG-based guide for the use of artificial intelligence to personalize AD treatment through EEG data feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lew Lim
- Vielight Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scarpellino G, Brunetti V, Berra-Romani R, De Sarro G, Guerra G, Soda T, Moccia F. The Unexpected Role of the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase at the Neurovascular Unit: Beyond the Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9071. [PMID: 39201757 PMCID: PMC11354477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly versatile gasotransmitter that has first been shown to regulate cardiovascular function and then to exert tight control over a much broader range of processes, including neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, and synaptic plasticity. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is usually far from the mind of synaptic neurophysiologists, who have focused most of their attention on neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) as the primary source of NO at the neurovascular unit (NVU). Nevertheless, the available evidence suggests that eNOS could also contribute to generating the burst of NO that, serving as volume intercellular messenger, is produced in response to neuronal activity in the brain parenchyma. Herein, we review the role of eNOS in both the regulation of cerebral blood flow and of synaptic plasticity and discuss the mechanisms by which cerebrovascular endothelial cells may transduce synaptic inputs into a NO signal. We further suggest that eNOS could play a critical role in vascular-to-neuronal communication by integrating signals converging onto cerebrovascular endothelial cells from both the streaming blood and active neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarpellino
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentina Brunetti
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico;
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.D.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.D.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Badaut J, Blochet C, Obenaus A, Hirt L. Physiological and pathological roles of caveolins in the central nervous system. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:651-664. [PMID: 38972795 PMCID: PMC11324375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Caveolins are a family of transmembrane proteins located in caveolae, small lipid raft invaginations of the plasma membrane. The roles of caveolin-enriched lipid rafts are diverse, and include mechano-protection, lipid homeostasis, metabolism, transport, and cell signaling. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and other caveolins were described in endothelial cells and later in other cell types of the central nervous system (CNS), including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and pericytes. This pancellular presence of caveolins demands a better understanding of their functional roles in each cell type. In this review we describe the various functions of Cav-1 in the cells of normal and pathological brains. Several emerging preclinical findings suggest that Cav-1 could represent a potential therapeutic target in brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Badaut
- CNRS UMR 5536 RMSB-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Camille Blochet
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - André Obenaus
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Lorenz Hirt
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carey C, Mulcahy E, McCarthy FP, Jennings E, Kublickiene K, Khashan A, Barrett P. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the risk of maternal dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231:196-210. [PMID: 38278201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia, are associated with an increased risk for maternal cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. However, their association with subsequent maternal dementia or cognitive impairment is less well understood. This study aimed to review and synthesize the published literature on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the subsequent risk for maternal dementia or cognitive impairment. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, Pyschinfo, and CINAHL were searched from database inception until July 31, 2022, for observational studies of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal dementia or cognitive impairment. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Selected studies included the following: a population of pregnant women, exposure to a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy of interest, and at least 1 primary outcome (dementia) or secondary outcome (cognitive impairment). Two reviewers were involved in study selection. METHODS We followed the Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines throughout. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate the overall pooled estimates. Bias was assessed using an adapted version of the validated Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment tool. RESULTS A total of 25 eligible studies were identified and included 2,501,673 women. Preeclampsia was associated with a significantly increased risk for vascular dementia (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-2.43), whereas no clear association was noted between preeclampsia and Alzheimer's disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.70), nor between preeclampsia and any (undifferentiated) dementia (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.47). However, in an analysis restricted to women aged 65 years and older, preeclampsia was associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.73) and any dementia (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.91). CONCLUSION Women whose pregnancies were complicated by preeclampsia seem to be at a substantially increased future risk for vascular dementia. The longer-term risks among these women with regards to Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia are less clear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cian Carey
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily Mulcahy
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland (Dr McCarthy)
| | - Emma Jennings
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cork University and Mallow General Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Intervention, Science and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Peter Barrett
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Public Health Area D (Cork & Kerry), St. Finbarr's Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu D, Liao P, Li H, Tong S, Wang B, Lu Y, Gao Y, Huang Y, Zhou H, Shi L, Papadimitriou J, Zong Y, Yuan J, Chen P, Chen Z, Ding P, Zheng Y, Zhang C, Zheng M, Gao J. Regulation of blood-brain barrier integrity by Dmp1-expressing astrocytes through mitochondrial transfer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2913. [PMID: 38941455 PMCID: PMC11212732 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as the crucial physical filtration structure in the central nervous system. Here, we investigate the role of a specific subset of astrocytes in the regulation of BBB integrity. We showed that Dmp1-expressing astrocytes transfer mitochondria to endothelial cells via their endfeet for maintaining BBB integrity. Deletion of the Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) gene in Dmp1-expressing astrocytes inhibited the mitochondrial transfer and caused BBB leakage. In addition, the decrease of MFN2 in astrocytes contributes to the age-associated reduction of mitochondrial transfer efficiency and thus compromises the integrity of BBB. Together, we describe a mechanism in which astrocytes regulate BBB integrity through mitochondrial transfer. Our findings provide innnovative insights into the cellular framework that underpins the progressive breakdown of BBB associated with aging and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delin Liu
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sihan Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yafei Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yigang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Linjing Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - John Papadimitriou
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Pathwest, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Jun Yuan
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Peilin Chen
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ziming Chen
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yongqiang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, Fujian Province, 362200, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, Fujian Province, 362200, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Islam M, Behura SK. Molecular Regulation of Fetal Brain Development in Inbred and Congenic Mouse Strains Differing in Longevity. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:604. [PMID: 38790233 PMCID: PMC11121069 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate gene regulation of the developing fetal brain from congenic or inbred mice strains that differed in longevity. Gene expression and alternative splice variants were analyzed in a genome-wide manner in the fetal brain of C57BL/6J mice (long-lived) in comparison to B6.Cg-Cav1tm1Mls/J (congenic, short-lived) and AKR/J (inbred, short-lived) mice on day(d) 12, 15, and 17 of gestation. The analysis showed a contrasting gene expression pattern during fetal brain development in these mice. Genes related to brain development, aging, and the regulation of alternative splicing were significantly differentially regulated in the fetal brain of the short-lived compared to long-lived mice during development from d15 and d17. A significantly reduced number of splice variants was observed on d15 compared to d12 or d17 in a strain-dependent manner. An epigenetic clock analysis of d15 fetal brain identified DNA methylations that were significantly associated with single-nucleotide polymorphic sites between AKR/J and C57BL/6J strains. These methylations were associated with genes that show epigenetic changes in an age-correlated manner in mice. Together, the finding of this study suggest that fetal brain development and longevity are epigenetically linked, supporting the emerging concept of the early-life origin of longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Islam
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Susanta K. Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Interdisciplinary Reproduction and Health Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pei MQ, Xu LM, Yang YS, Chen WC, Chen XL, Fang YM, Lin S, He HF. Latest advances and clinical application prospects of resveratrol therapy for neurocognitive disorders. Brain Res 2024; 1830:148821. [PMID: 38401770 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction, are non-psychiatric brain syndromes in which a significant decline in cognitive function causes great trauma to the mental status of the patient. The lack of effective treatments for neurocognitive disorders imposes a considerable burden on society, including a substantial economic impact. Over the past few decades, the identification of resveratrol, a natural plant compound, has provided researchers with an opportunity to formulate novel strategies for the treatment of neurocognitive disorders. This is because resveratrol effectively protects the brain of those with neurocognitive disorders by targeting some mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress. This article reviews the status of recent research investigating the use of resveratrol for the treatment of different neurocognitive disorders. By examining the possible mechanisms of action of resveratrol and the shared mechanisms of different neurocognitive disorders, treatments for neurocognitive disorders may be further clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qin Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li-Ming Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu-Shen Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu-Ming Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Center of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China; Neuroendocrinology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, Australia.
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He Y, He T, Li H, Chen W, Zhong B, Wu Y, Chen R, Hu Y, Ma H, Wu B, Hu W, Han Z. Deciphering mitochondrial dysfunction: Pathophysiological mechanisms in vascular cognitive impairment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116428. [PMID: 38599056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses a range of cognitive deficits arising from vascular pathology. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying VCI remain incompletely understood; however, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is widely acknowledged as a principal pathological contributor. Mitochondria, crucial for cellular energy production and intracellular signaling, can lead to numerous neurological impairments when dysfunctional. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction-marked by oxidative stress, disturbed calcium homeostasis, compromised mitophagy, and anomalies in mitochondrial dynamics-plays a pivotal role in VCI pathogenesis. This review offers a detailed examination of the latest insights into mitochondrial dysfunction within the VCI context, focusing on both the origins and consequences of compromised mitochondrial health. It aims to lay a robust scientific groundwork for guiding the development and refinement of mitochondrial-targeted interventions for VCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao He
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, China
| | - Hongpei Li
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Biying Zhong
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Runming Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuli Hu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaping Ma
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyue Hu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenyun Han
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trujillo-Rangel WÁ, Acuña-Vaca S, Padilla-Ponce DJ, García-Mercado FG, Torres-Mendoza BM, Pacheco-Moises FP, Escoto-Delgadillo M, García-Benavides L, Delgado-Lara DLC. Modulation of the Circadian Rhythm and Oxidative Stress as Molecular Targets to Improve Vascular Dementia: A Pharmacological Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4401. [PMID: 38673986 PMCID: PMC11050388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythms generated by the master biological clock located in the brain's hypothalamus influence central physiological processes. At the molecular level, a core set of clock genes interact to form transcription-translation feedback loops that provide the molecular basis of the circadian rhythm. In animal models of disease, a desynchronization of clock genes in peripheral tissues with the central master clock has been detected. Interestingly, patients with vascular dementia have sleep disorders and irregular sleep patterns. These alterations in circadian rhythms impact hormonal levels, cardiovascular health (including blood pressure regulation and blood vessel function), and the pattern of expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, oxidative stress in vascular dementia can arise from ischemia-reperfusion injury, amyloid-beta production, the abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein, and alterations in neurotransmitters, among others. Several signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. While the precise mechanisms linking circadian rhythms and vascular dementia are still being studied, there is evidence to suggest that maintaining healthy sleep patterns and supporting proper circadian rhythm function may be important for reducing the risk of vascular dementia. Here, we reviewed the main mechanisms of action of molecular targets related to the circadian cycle and oxidative stress in vascular dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Ángel Trujillo-Rangel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555, Ejido San José Tateposco, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (W.Á.T.-R.); (D.J.P.-P.); (F.G.G.-M.); (L.G.-B.)
- Departamento de Formación Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Lomas del Valle, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Sofía Acuña-Vaca
- Departamento de Formación Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Lomas del Valle, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Danna Jocelyn Padilla-Ponce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555, Ejido San José Tateposco, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (W.Á.T.-R.); (D.J.P.-P.); (F.G.G.-M.); (L.G.-B.)
| | - Florencia Guillermina García-Mercado
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555, Ejido San José Tateposco, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (W.Á.T.-R.); (D.J.P.-P.); (F.G.G.-M.); (L.G.-B.)
| | - Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, Colonia Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (B.M.T.-M.); (M.E.-D.)
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colonia Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fermín P. Pacheco-Moises
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Martha Escoto-Delgadillo
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, Colonia Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (B.M.T.-M.); (M.E.-D.)
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez No. 2100, Zapopan 45200, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Leonel García-Benavides
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555, Ejido San José Tateposco, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (W.Á.T.-R.); (D.J.P.-P.); (F.G.G.-M.); (L.G.-B.)
| | - Daniela L. C. Delgado-Lara
- Departamento de Formación Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Lomas del Valle, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nunes JM, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Herpesvirus Infection of Endothelial Cells as a Systemic Pathological Axis in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Viruses 2024; 16:572. [PMID: 38675914 PMCID: PMC11053605 DOI: 10.3390/v16040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is critical for advancing treatment options. This review explores the novel hypothesis that a herpesvirus infection of endothelial cells (ECs) may underlie ME/CFS symptomatology. We review evidence linking herpesviruses to persistent EC infection and the implications for endothelial dysfunction, encompassing blood flow regulation, coagulation, and cognitive impairment-symptoms consistent with ME/CFS and Long COVID. This paper provides a synthesis of current research on herpesvirus latency and reactivation, detailing the impact on ECs and subsequent systemic complications, including latent modulation and long-term maladaptation. We suggest that the chronicity of ME/CFS symptoms and the multisystemic nature of the disease may be partly attributable to herpesvirus-induced endothelial maladaptation. Our conclusions underscore the necessity for further investigation into the prevalence and load of herpesvirus infection within the ECs of ME/CFS patients. This review offers conceptual advances by proposing an endothelial infection model as a systemic mechanism contributing to ME/CFS, steering future research toward potentially unexplored avenues in understanding and treating this complex syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean M. Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zeng X, Ma S, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Ke W, Ma Y, Hu H, Hartung T, Wei Y, Zhong X. Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Tetrabromobisphenol A Exposure Impends Neurovascular Formation through Perturbing Mitochondrial Metabolism in Zebrafish Embryos and Human Primary Endothelial Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5267-5278. [PMID: 38478874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), the most extensively utilized brominated flame retardant, has raised growing concerns regarding its environmental and health risks. Neurovascular formation is essential for metabolically supporting neuronal networks. However, previous studies primarily concerned the neuronal injuries of TBBPA, its impact on the neurovascularture, and molecular mechanism, which are yet to be elucidated. In this study, 5, 30, 100, 300 μg/L of TBBPA were administered to Tg (fli1a: eGFP) zebrafish larvae at 2-72 h postfertilization (hpf). The findings revealed that TBBPA impaired cerebral and ocular angiogenesis in zebrafish. Metabolomics analysis showed that TBBPA-treated neuroendothelial cells exhibited disruption of the TCA cycle and the Warburg effect pathway. TBBPA induced a significant reduction in glycolysis and mitochondrial ATP production rates, accompanied by mitochondrial fragmentation and an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) production in neuroendothelial cells. The supplementation of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, a key metabolite of the TCA cycle, mitigated TBBPA-induced mitochondrial damage, reduced mitoROS production, and restored angiogenesis in zebrafish larvae. Our results suggested that TBBPA exposure impeded neurovascular injury via mitochondrial metabolic perturbation mediated by mitoROS signaling, providing novel insight into the neurovascular toxicity and mode of action of TBBPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yangjian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhuyi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weijian Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ya Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haichen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21230, United States
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiali Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hansra GK, Jayasena T, Hosoki S, Poljak A, Lam BCP, Rust R, Sagare A, Zlokovic B, Thalamuthu A, Sachdev PS. Fluid biomarkers of the neurovascular unit in cerebrovascular disease and vascular cognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 6:100216. [PMID: 38510579 PMCID: PMC10951911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background The disruption of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which maintains the integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB), has been identified as a critical mechanism in the development of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking NVU dysfunction to the disorders is incomplete, and reliable blood biomarkers to measure NVU dysfunction are yet to be established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify biomarkers associated with BBB dysfunction in large vessel disease, small vessel disease (SVD) and vascular cognitive disorders (VCD). Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and PsychINFO to identify blood biomarkers related to dysfunction of the NVU in disorders with vascular pathologies published until 20 November 2023. Studies that assayed one or more specific markers in human serum or plasma were included. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Effects were pooled and methodological heterogeneity examined using the random effects model. Results A total of 112 studies were included in this review. Where study numbers allowed, biomarkers were analysed using random effect meta-analysis for VCD (1 biomarker; 5 studies) and cerebrovascular disorders, including stroke and SVD (9 biomarkers; 29 studies) while all remaining biomarkers (n = 17 biomarkers; 78 studies) were examined through qualitative analysis. Results of the meta-analysis revealed that cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin quotient (Q-Alb) reliably differentiates VCD patients from healthy controls (MD = 2.77; 95 % CI = 1.97-3.57; p < 0.0001) while commonly measured biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (VEGF, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, vWF and E-selectin) and neuronal injury (NfL) were significantly elevated in vascular pathologies. A qualitative assessment of non-meta-analysed biomarkers revealed NSE, NfL, vWF, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, lipocalin-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels to be upregulated in VCD, although these findings were not consistently replicated. Conclusions This review identifies several promising biomarkers of NVU dysfunction which require further validation. A panel of biomarkers representing multiple pathophysiological pathways may offer greater discriminative power in distinguishing possible disease mechanisms of VCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur Hansra
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Satoshi Hosoki
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Chun Pan Lam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Abhay Sagare
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Berislav Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Beran M, van Gennip AC, Stehouwer CD, Jansen JF, Gupta MD, Houben AJ, Berendschot TT, Webers CA, Wesselius A, Schalkwijk CG, Backes WH, de Jong JJ, van der Kallen CJ, van Greevenbroek MM, Köhler S, Vonk JM, Geerlings MI, Schram MT, van Sloten TT. Microvascular Dysfunction and Whole-Brain White Matter Connectivity: The Maastricht Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e9112. [PMID: 38240213 PMCID: PMC11056139 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular dysfunction is involved in the development of various cerebral disorders. It may contribute to these disorders by disrupting white matter tracts and altering brain connectivity, but evidence is scarce. We investigated the association between multiple biomarkers of microvascular function and whole-brain white matter connectivity. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study, a Dutch population-based cohort (n=4326; age, 59.4±8.6 years; 49.7% women). Measures of microvascular function included urinary albumin excretion, central retinal arteriolar and venular calibers, composite scores of flicker light-induced retinal arteriolar and venular dilation, and plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and von Willebrand factor). White matter connectivity was calculated from 3T diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the number (average node degree) and organization (characteristic path length, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and local efficiency) of white matter connections. A higher plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction composite score was associated with a longer characteristic path length (β per SD, 0.066 [95% CI, 0.017-0.114]) after adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors but not with any of the other white matter connectivity measures. After multiple comparison correction, this association was nonsignificant. None of the other microvascular function measures were associated with any of the connectivity measures. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that microvascular dysfunction as measured by indirect markers is not associated with whole-brain white matter connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Beran
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - April C.E. van Gennip
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Coen D.A. Stehouwer
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jacobus F.A. Jansen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Electrical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Monideepa D. Gupta
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Alfons J.H.M. Houben
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Tos T.J.M. Berendschot
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of OphthalmologyMaastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Carroll A.B. Webers
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of OphthalmologyMaastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of EpidemiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Walter H. Backes
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Joost J.A. de Jong
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Carla J.H. van der Kallen
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Marleen M.J. van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Alzheimer Centrum LimburgMaastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life SciencesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jet M.J. Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Mirjam I. Geerlings
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of General PracticeAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, and Personalized MedicineAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and SleepAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Miranda T. Schram
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas T. van Sloten
- Department of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Vascular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Longden TA, Lederer WJ. Electro-metabolic signaling. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313451. [PMID: 38197953 PMCID: PMC10783436 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise matching of energy substrate delivery to local metabolic needs is essential for the health and function of all tissues. Here, we outline a mechanistic framework for understanding this critical process, which we refer to as electro-metabolic signaling (EMS). All tissues exhibit changes in metabolism over varying spatiotemporal scales and have widely varying energetic needs and reserves. We propose that across tissues, common signatures of elevated metabolism or increases in energy substrate usage that exceed key local thresholds rapidly engage mechanisms that generate hyperpolarizing electrical signals in capillaries that then relax contractile elements throughout the vasculature to quickly adjust blood flow to meet changing needs. The attendant increase in energy substrate delivery serves to meet local metabolic requirements and thus avoids a mismatch in supply and demand and prevents metabolic stress. We discuss in detail key examples of EMS that our laboratories have discovered in the brain and the heart, and we outline potential further EMS mechanisms operating in tissues such as skeletal muscle, pancreas, and kidney. We suggest that the energy imbalance evoked by EMS uncoupling may be central to cellular dysfunction from which the hallmarks of aging and metabolic diseases emerge and may lead to generalized organ failure states-such as diverse flavors of heart failure and dementia. Understanding and manipulating EMS may be key to preventing or reversing these dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Longden
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Askew KE, Beverley J, Sigfridsson E, Szymkowiak S, Emelianova K, Dando O, Hardingham GE, Duncombe J, Hennessy E, Koudelka J, Samarasekera N, Salman RA, Smith C, Tavares AAS, Gomez‐Nicola D, Kalaria RN, McColl BW, Horsburgh K. Inhibiting CSF1R alleviates cerebrovascular white matter disease and cognitive impairment. Glia 2024; 72:375-395. [PMID: 37909242 PMCID: PMC10952452 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
White matter abnormalities, related to poor cerebral perfusion, are a core feature of small vessel cerebrovascular disease, and critical determinants of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Despite this importance there is a lack of treatment options. Proliferation of microglia producing an expanded, reactive population and associated neuroinflammatory alterations have been implicated in the onset and progression of cerebrovascular white matter disease, in patients and in animal models, suggesting that targeting microglial proliferation may exert protection. Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key regulator of microglial proliferation. We found that the expression of CSF1R/Csf1r and other markers indicative of increased microglial abundance are significantly elevated in damaged white matter in human cerebrovascular disease and in a clinically relevant mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and vascular cognitive impairment. Using the mouse model, we investigated long-term pharmacological CSF1R inhibition, via GW2580, and demonstrated that the expansion of microglial numbers in chronic hypoperfused white matter is prevented. Transcriptomic analysis of hypoperfused white matter tissue showed enrichment of microglial and inflammatory gene sets, including phagocytic genes that were the predominant expression modules modified by CSF1R inhibition. Further, CSF1R inhibition attenuated hypoperfusion-induced white matter pathology and rescued spatial learning impairments and to a lesser extent cognitive flexibility. Overall, this work suggests that inhibition of CSF1R and microglial proliferation mediates protection against chronic cerebrovascular white matter pathology and cognitive deficits. Our study nominates CSF1R as a target for the treatment of vascular cognitive disorders with broader implications for treatment of other chronic white matter diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Beverley
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Emma Sigfridsson
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Stefan Szymkowiak
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Katherine Emelianova
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Giles E. Hardingham
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Edel Hennessy
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Juraj Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Neshika Samarasekera
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain BankUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Rustam Al‐Shahi Salman
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain BankUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain BankUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Adriana A. S. Tavares
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Raj N. Kalaria
- Clinical and Translational Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Barry W. McColl
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zinellu A, Tommasi S, Sedda S, Mangoni AA. Circulating arginine metabolites in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102139. [PMID: 38007048 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis have been reported in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. However, as the measurement of NO in biological samples is analytically challenging, alternative, stable circulatory biomarkers of NO synthesis may be useful to unravel new pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment targets in dementia. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the circulating concentrations of arginine metabolites linked to NO synthesis, arginine, citrulline, asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginine, and ornithine, in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. We searched for relevant studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to the 31st of May 2023. The JBI checklist and GRADE were used to assess the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence, respectively. RESULTS In 14 selected studies, there were no significant between-group differences in arginine and ornithine concentrations. By contrast, compared to controls, patients with dementia had significantly higher ADMA (standard mean difference, SMD=0.62, 95% CI 0.06-1.19, p = 0.029), SDMA (SMD=0.70, 95% CI 0.34-1.35, p<0.001), and citrulline concentrations (SMD=0.50, 95% CI 0.08-0.91, p = 0.018). In subgroup analysis, the effect size was significantly associated with treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors and/or antipsychotics for ADMA, and underlying disorder (Alzheimer's disease), study continent, and analytical method for citrulline. CONCLUSION Alterations in ADMA, SDMA, and citrulline, biomarkers of NO synthesis, may be useful to investigate the pathophysiology of different forms of dementia and identify novel therapeutic strategies. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023439528).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stefania Sedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maiese K. The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273570. [PMID: 38022638 PMCID: PMC10663950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of metabolic disorders influence the entire body and significantly affect the nervous system impacting greater than one billion people with disability in the peripheral nervous system as well as with cognitive loss, now the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such as DM, and neurologic disease remain a significant challenge for the treatment and care of individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall disease progression. These clinical challenges to address the interplay between metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders warrant innovative strategies that can focus upon the underlying mechanisms of aging-related disorders, oxidative stress, cell senescence, and cell death. Programmed cell death pathways that involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis can play a critical role in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders and oversee processes that include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, and inflammatory cell activation. The silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) are novel targets that can oversee programmed cell death pathways tied to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), nicotinamide, apolipoprotein E (APOE), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) exposure with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and trophic factors, such as erythropoietin (EPO). The pathways of programmed cell death, SIRT1, AMPK, and WISP1 offer exciting prospects for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and nervous system function that can be compromised during aging-related disorders and lead to cognitive impairment, but these pathways have dual roles in determining the ultimate fate of cells and organ systems that warrant thoughtful insight into complex autofeedback mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Innovation and Commercialization, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma Y, Chen S, Li Y, Wang J, Yang J, Jing J, Liu X, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang P, Tang Z. Effects of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on cognitive functions and blood-brain barrier in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3207-3220. [PMID: 37243759 PMCID: PMC10567816 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has been one of the major types of cognitive impairment. Blood-brain barrier damage plays an essential part in the pathogenesis of VCI. At present, the treatment of VCI is mainly focused on prevention, with no drug clinically approved for the treatment of VCI. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on VCI rats. A modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (mBCCAO) model was applied to mimic VCI. The feasibility of the mBCCAO model was verified by laser Doppler, 13N-Ammonia-Positron Emission Computed Tomography (PET), and Morris Water Maze. Subsequently, the Morris water maze experiment, Evans blue staining, and western blot of tight junction protein were performed to evaluate the effect of different doses of NBP (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg) on the improvement of cognitive impairment and BBB disruption induced by mBCCAO. Immunofluorescence was employed to examine the changes in pericyte coverage in the mBCCAO model and the effect of NBP on pericyte coverage was preliminarily explored. mBCCAO surgery led to obvious cognitive impairment and the decrease of whole cerebral blood flow, among which the blood flow in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus brain regions decreased more significantly. High-dose NBP (80 mg/kg) improved long-term cognitive function in mBCCAO rats, alleviated Evans blue leakage and reduced the loss of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-5) in the early course of the disease, thereby exerting a protective effect on the blood-brain barrier. No significant changes in pericyte coverage were observed after mBCCAO. High-dose NBP improved cognitive function in mBCCAO rats. High-dose NBP protected the integrity of BBB by upregulating TJ protein expression, rather than regulating pericyte coverage ratio. NBP could be a potential drug for the treatment of VCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Shiling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingfei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Jing
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Islam M, Behura SK. Role of caveolin-1 in metabolic programming of fetal brain. iScience 2023; 26:107710. [PMID: 37720105 PMCID: PMC10500482 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking caveolin-1 (Cav1), a key protein of plasma membrane, exhibit brain aging at an early adult stage. Here, integrative analyses of metabolomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, and single-cell data were performed to test the hypothesis that metabolic deregulation of fetal brain due to the ablation of Cav1 is linked to brain aging in these mice. The results of this study show that lack of Cav1 caused deregulation in the lipid and amino acid metabolism in the fetal brain, and genes associated with these deregulated metabolites were significantly altered in the brain upon aging. Moreover, ablation of Cav1 deregulated several metabolic genes in specific cell types of the fetal brain and impacted DNA methylation of those genes in coordination with mouse epigenetic clock. The findings of this study suggest that the aging program of brain is confounded by metabolic abnormalities in the fetal stage due to the absence of Cav1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Islam
- Division of Animal Sciences, 920 East Campus Drive, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Susanta K. Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, 920 East Campus Drive, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Reproduction and Health Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wendt TS, Gonzales RJ. Ozanimod differentially preserves human cerebrovascular endothelial barrier proteins and attenuates matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity following in vitro acute ischemic injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C951-C971. [PMID: 37642239 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00342.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial integrity is critical in mitigating a vicious cascade of secondary injuries following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a contributor to endothelial integrity loss, is elevated during stroke and is associated with worsened stroke outcome. We investigated the FDA-approved selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) ligand, ozanimod, on the regulation/activity of MMP-9 as well as endothelial barrier components [platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), claudin-5, and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1)] in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) following hypoxia plus glucose deprivation (HGD). We previously reported that S1PR1 activation improves HBMEC integrity; however, mechanisms underlying S1PR1 involvement in endothelial cell barrier integrity have not been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that ozanimod would attenuate an HGD-induced increase in MMP-9 activity that would concomitantly attenuate the loss of integral barrier components. Male HBMECs were treated with ozanimod or vehicle and exposed to 3 h of normoxia (21% O2) or HGD (1% O2). Immunoblotting, zymography, qRT-PCR, and immunocytochemical labeling techniques assessed processes related to MMP-9 and barrier markers. We observed that HGD acutely increased MMP-9 activity and reduced claudin-5 and PECAM-1 levels, and ozanimod attenuated these responses. In situ analysis, via PROSPER, suggested that attenuation of MMP-9 activity may be a primary factor in maintaining these integral barrier proteins. We also observed that HGD increased intracellular mechanisms associated with augmented MMP-9 activation; however, ozanimod had no effect on these select factors. Thus, we conclude that ozanimod has the potential to attenuate HGD-mediated decreases in HBMEC integrity in part by decreasing MMP-9 activity as well as preserving barrier properties.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have identified a potential novel mechanism by which ozanimod, a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) agonist, attenuates hypoxia plus glucose deprivation (HGD)-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and disruptions in integral human brain endothelial cell barrier proteins. Our results suggest that ischemic-like injury elicits increased MMP-9 activity and alterations of barrier integrity proteins in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and that ozanimod via S1PR1 attenuates these HGD-induced responses, adding to its therapeutic potential in cerebrovascular protection during the acute phase of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S Wendt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Rayna J Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang L, Pronk AC, van Poelgeest EP, Briggs R, Claassen JAHR, Jansen S, Klop M, de Lange FJ, Meskers CCGM, Odekerken VJJ, Payne SJ, Trappenburg MC, Thijs RD, Uleman JF, Hoekstra AG, van der Velde N. Applying systems thinking to unravel the mechanisms underlying orthostatic hypotension related fall risk. GeroScience 2023; 45:2743-2755. [PMID: 37115348 PMCID: PMC10651607 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is an established and common cardiovascular risk factor for falls. An in-depth understanding of the various interacting pathophysiological pathways contributing to OH-related falls is essential to guide improvements in diagnostic and treatment opportunities. We applied systems thinking to multidisciplinary map out causal mechanisms and risk factors. For this, we used group model building (GMB) to develop a causal loop diagram (CLD). The GMB was based on the input of experts from multiple domains related to OH and falls and all proposed mechanisms were supported by scientific literature. Our CLD is a conceptual representation of factors involved in OH-related falls, and their interrelatedness. Network analysis and feedback loops were applied to analyze and interpret the CLD, and quantitatively summarize the function and relative importance of the variables. Our CLD contains 50 variables distributed over three intrinsic domains (cerebral, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal), and an extrinsic domain (e.g., medications). Between the variables, 181 connections and 65 feedback loops were identified. Decreased cerebral blood flow, low blood pressure, impaired baroreflex activity, and physical inactivity were identified as key factors involved in OH-related falls, based on their high centralities. Our CLD reflects the multifactorial pathophysiology of OH-related falls. It enables us to identify key elements, suggesting their potential for new diagnostic and treatment approaches in fall prevention. The interactive online CLD renders it suitable for both research and educational purposes and this CLD is the first step in the development of a computational model for simulating the effects of risk factors on falls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging and Later Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouschka C Pronk
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging and Later Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline P van Poelgeest
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging and Later Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert Briggs
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Jansen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Klop
- Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J de Lange
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel C G M Meskers
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Rehabilitation Medicine, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent J J Odekerken
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Neurology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Payne
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Roland D Thijs
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F Uleman
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Advanced Study, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons G Hoekstra
- Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging and Later Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang Y, Du W, Sun Y, Zhang J, Ma C, Jin X. CRTC1 is a potential target to delay aging-induced cognitive deficit by protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier via inhibiting inflammation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1042-1059. [PMID: 37086081 PMCID: PMC10291461 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231169133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging can cause attenuation in the functioning of multiple organs, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown could promote the occurrence of disorders of the central nervous system during aging. Since inflammation is considered to be an important factor underlying BBB injury during aging, vascular endothelial cell senescence serves as a critical pathological basis for the destruction of BBB integrity. In the current review, we have first introduced the concepts related to aging-induced cognitive deficit and BBB integrity damage. Thereafter, we reviewed the potential relationship between disruption of BBB integrity and cognition deficit and the role of inflammation, vascular endothelial cell senescence, and BBB injury. We have also briefly introduced the function of CREB-regulated transcription co-activator 1 (CRTC1) in cognition and aging-induced CRTC1 changes as well as the critical roles of CRTC1/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in regulating inflammation, endothelial cell senescence, and BBB injury. Finally, the underlying mechanisms have been summarized and we propose that CRTC1 could be a promising target to delay aging-induced cognitive deficit by protecting the integrity of BBB through promoting inhibition of inflammation-mediated endothelial cell senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chaolin Ma
- School of Life Science and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu S, Yang F, Chao S, Wang B, Wang W, Li H, Yu L, He L, Li X, Sun L, Qin S. Altered DNA methylome profiles of blood leukocytes in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1175864. [PMID: 37388929 PMCID: PMC10300350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1175864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: DNA methylation plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the global changes of blood leukocyte DNA methylome profiles from Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and with AD, or the specific DNA methylation-based signatures associated with MCI and AD. In this study, we sought to dissect the characteristics of blood DNA methylome profiles in MCI- and AD-affected Chinese patients with the aim of identifying novel DNA methylation biomarkers for AD. Methods: In this study, we profiled the DNA methylome of peripheral blood leukocytes from 20 MCI- and 20 AD-affected Chinese patients and 20 cognitively healthy controls (CHCs) with the Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip array. Results: We identified significant alterations of the methylome profiles in MCI and AD blood leukocytes. A total of 2,582 and 20,829 CpG sites were significantly and differentially methylated in AD and MCI compared with CHCs (adjusted p < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, 441 differentially methylated positions (DMPs), aligning to 213 unique genes, were overlapped by the three comparative groups of AD versus CHCs, MCI versus CHCs, and AD versus MCI, of which 6 and 5 DMPs were continuously hypermethylated and hypomethylated in MCI and AD relative to CHCs (adjusted p < 0.05), respectively, such as FLNC cg20186636 and AFAP1 cg06758191. The DMPs with an area under the curve >0.900, such as cg18771300, showed high potency for predicting MCI and AD. In addition, gene ontology and pathway enrichment results showed that these overlapping genes were mainly involved in neurotransmitter transport, GABAergic synaptic transmission, signal release from synapse, neurotransmitter secretion, and the regulation of neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore, tissue expression enrichment analysis revealed a subset of potentially cerebral cortex-enriched genes associated with MCI and AD, including SYT7, SYN3, and KCNT1. Conclusion: This study revealed a number of potential biomarkers for MCI and AD, also highlighted the presence of epigenetically dysregulated gene networks that may engage in the underlying pathological events resulting in the onset of cognitive impairment and AD progression. Collectively, this study provides prospective cues for developing therapeutic strategies to improve cognitive impairment and AD course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaochang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Chao
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuqian Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Limei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Editorial Office, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang JB, Chen ZR, Yang SL, Hong FF. Nitric Oxide Synthases in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114414. [PMID: 37298893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by severe joint damage and disability. However, the specific mechanism of RA has not been thoroughly clarified over the past decade. Nitric oxide (NO), a kind of gas messenger molecule with many molecular targets, is demonstrated to have significant roles in histopathology and homeostasis. Three nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are related to producing NO and regulating the generation of NO. Based on the latest studies, NOS/NO signaling pathways play a key role in the pathogenesis of RA. Overproduction of NO can induce the generation and release of inflammatory cytokines and act as free radical gas to accumulate and trigger oxidative stress, which can involve in the pathogenesis of RA. Therefore, targeting NOS and its upstream and downstream signaling pathways may be an effective approach to managing RA. This review clearly summarizes the NOS/NO signaling pathway, the pathological changes of RA, the involvement of NOS/NO in RA pathogenesis and the conventional and novel drugs based on NOS/NO signaling pathways that are still in clinical trials and have good therapeutic potential in recent years, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the role of NOS/NO in the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bao Huang
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhi-Ru Chen
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tarawneh R. Microvascular Contributions to Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis: Is Alzheimer Disease Primarily an Endotheliopathy? Biomolecules 2023; 13:830. [PMID: 37238700 PMCID: PMC10216678 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) models are based on the notion that abnormal protein aggregation is the primary event in AD, which begins a decade or longer prior to symptom onset, and culminates in neurodegeneration; however, emerging evidence from animal and clinical studies suggests that reduced blood flow due to capillary loss and endothelial dysfunction are early and primary events in AD pathogenesis, which may precede amyloid and tau aggregation, and contribute to neuronal and synaptic injury via direct and indirect mechanisms. Recent data from clinical studies suggests that endothelial dysfunction is closely associated with cognitive outcomes in AD and that therapeutic strategies which promote endothelial repair in early AD may offer a potential opportunity to prevent or slow disease progression. This review examines evidence from clinical, imaging, neuropathological, and animal studies supporting vascular contributions to the onset and progression of AD pathology. Together, these observations support the notion that the onset of AD may be primarily influenced by vascular, rather than neurodegenerative, mechanisms and emphasize the importance of further investigations into the vascular hypothesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of Neurology, Center for Memory and Aging, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maiese K. Cellular Metabolism: A Fundamental Component of Degeneration in the Nervous System. Biomolecules 2023; 13:816. [PMID: 37238686 PMCID: PMC10216724 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that, at minimum, 500 million individuals suffer from cellular metabolic dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), throughout the world. Even more concerning is the knowledge that metabolic disease is intimately tied to neurodegenerative disorders, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as leading to dementia, the seventh leading cause of death. New and innovative therapeutic strategies that address cellular metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth factor signaling with erythropoietin (EPO), and risk factors such as the apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can offer valuable insights for the clinical care and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders impacted by cellular metabolic disease. Critical insight into and modulation of these complex pathways are required since mTOR signaling pathways, such as AMPK activation, can improve memory retention in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and DM, promote healthy aging, facilitate clearance of β-amyloid (Aß) and tau in the brain, and control inflammation, but also may lead to cognitive loss and long-COVID syndrome through mechanisms that can include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytokine release, and APOE-ε4 if pathways such as autophagy and other mechanisms of programmed cell death are left unchecked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Analysis of Potential Mechanism of Herbal Formula Taohong Siwu Decoction against Vascular Dementia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1235552. [PMID: 36726841 PMCID: PMC9886489 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1235552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most prevalent dementia, which is attributable to neurovascular dysfunction. Currently, no approved pharmaceuticals are available. Taohong Siwu decoction (TSD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription with powerful antiapoptosis and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, a network pharmacology approach together with molecular docking validation was used to explore the probable mechanism of action of TSD against VaD. A total of 44 active components, 202 potential targets of components, and 3,613 VaD-related targets including 161 intersecting were obtained. The potential chemical components including kaempferol, baicalein, beta-carotene, luteolin, quercetin, and beta-sitosterol involved in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis might have potential therapeutic effects on the treatment of VaD. The potential core targets including AKT1, CASP3, IL1β, JUN, and TP53 associated with cell apoptosis and inflammatory might account for the essential therapeutic effects of TSD in VaD. The results indicated that TSD protected against VaD through multicomponent and multitarget modes. Though the detailed mechanism of action of various active ingredients needs to be further illustrated, TSD still showed a promising therapeutic agent for VaD due to its biological activity.
Collapse
|
29
|
Alkahtani S, AL-Johani NS, Alarifi S. Mechanistic Insights, Treatment Paradigms, and Clinical Progress in Neurological Disorders: Current and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1340. [PMID: 36674852 PMCID: PMC9865061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a major cause of disability and are related to brain development. The neurological signs of brain lesions can vary from mild clinical shortfalls to more delicate and severe neurological/behavioral symptoms and learning disabilities, which are progressive. In this paper, we have tried to summarize a collective view of various NDs and their possible therapeutic outcomes. These diseases often occur as a consequence of the misfolding of proteins post-translation, as well as the dysfunctional trafficking of proteins. In the treatment of neurological disorders, a challenging hurdle to cross regarding drug delivery is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB plays a unique role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by exchanging components between the circulations and shielding the brain from neurotoxic pathogens and detrimental compounds. Here, we outline the current knowledge about BBB deterioration in the evolving brain, its origin, and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we summarize the physiological scenarios of the BBB and its role in various cerebrovascular diseases. Overall, this information provides a detailed account of BBB functioning and the development of relevant treatments for neurological disorders. This paper will definitely help readers working in the field of neurological scientific communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Milk Fat Globule Epidermal Growth Factor VIII Fragment Medin in Age-Associated Arterial Adverse Remodeling and Arterial Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020253. [PMID: 36672188 PMCID: PMC9857039 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Medin, a small 50-amino acid peptide, is an internal cleaved product from the second discoidin domain of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor VIII (MFG-E8) protein. Medin has been reported as the most common amylogenic protein in the upper part of the arterial system, including aortic, temporal, and cerebral arterial walls in the elderly. Medin has a high affinity to elastic fibers and is closely associated with arterial degenerative inflammation, elastic fiber fragmentation, calcification, and amyloidosis. In vitro, treating with the medin peptide promotes the inflammatory phenotypic shift of both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies demonstrate that medin enhances the abundance of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species produced by both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells and promotes vascular endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening. Immunostaining and immunoblotting analyses of human samples indicate that the levels of medin are increased in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm/dissection, temporal arteritis, and cerebrovascular dementia. Thus, medin peptide could be targeted as a biomarker diagnostic tool or as a potential molecular approach to curbing the arterial degenerative inflammatory remodeling that accompanies aging and disease.
Collapse
|
31
|
Bathini P, Dupanloup I, Zenaro E, Terrabuio E, Fischer A, Ballabani E, Doucey MA, Alberi L. Systemic Inflammation Causes Microglial Dysfunction With a Vascular AD phenotype. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 28:100568. [PMID: 36704658 PMCID: PMC9871075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in rodents and humans have indicated that inflammation outside CNS (systemic inflammation) affects brain homeostasis contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders. Itis becoming increasingly evident that such early insults may also belinked to neurodegenerative diseases like late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Importantly, lifestyle and stress, such as viral or bacterial infection causing chronic inflammation, may contribute to neurodegenerative dementia. Systemic inflammatory response triggers a cascade of neuroinflammatory responses, altering brain transcriptome, cell death characteristic of AD, and vascular dementia. Our study aimed to assess the temporal evolution of the pathological impact of systemic inflammation evoked by prenatal and early postnatal peripheral exposure of viral mimetic Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) and compare the hippocampal transcriptomic changes with the profiles of human post-mortem AD and vascular dementia brain specimens. Methods We have engineered the PolyI:C sterile infection model in wildtype C57BL6 mice to achieve chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. We have conducted a cross-sectional analysis of aging PolyI:C and Saline control mice (3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 16 months), taking the hippocampus as a reference brain region, and compared the brain aging phenotype to AD progression in humans with mild AD, severe AD, and Controls (CTL), in parallel to Vascular dementia (VaD) patients' specimens. Results We found that PolyI:C mice display both peripheral and central inflammation with a peak at 6 months, associated with memory deficits. The hippocampus is characterized by a pronounced and progressive tauopathy. In PolyI:C brains, microglia undergo aging-dependent morphological shifts progressively adopting a phagocytic phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a profound change in gene expression throughout aging, with a peak in differential expression at 9 months. We show that the proinflammatory marker Lcn2 is one of the genes with the strongest upregulation in PolyI:C mice upon aging. Validation in brains from patients with increasing severity of AD and VaD shows the reproducibility of some gene targets in vascular dementia specimens as compared to AD ones. Conclusions The PolyI:C model of sterile infection demonstrates that peripheral chronic inflammation causes progressive tau hyperphosphorylation, changes in microglia morphology, astrogliosis and gene reprogramming reflecting increased neuroinflammation, vascular remodeling, and the loss of neuronal functionality seen to some extent in human AD and Vascular dementia suggesting early immune insults could be crucial in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bathini
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Terrabuio
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amrei Fischer
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edona Ballabani
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Lavinia Alberi
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author. Swiss Integrative Centre of Human Health, Passage du Cardinal 13B, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Romero JR, Pinheiro A, Aparicio HJ, DeCarli CS, Demissie S, Seshadri S. MRI-Visible Perivascular Spaces and Risk of Incident Dementia: The Framingham Heart Study. Neurology 2022; 99:e2561-e2571. [PMID: 36175148 PMCID: PMC9754649 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Perivascular spaces (PVS) visible on MRI scans may represent key aspects in the pathophysiology of stroke and dementia, including cerebral small vessel disease and glymphatic dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the association between MRI-visible PVS burden and the risk of incident dementia. METHODS This study included community-dwelling Framingham Heart Study Original and Offspring cohort participants with available brain MRI-PVS ratings, free of stroke and dementia. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of the association between MRI-visible PVS and incident dementia. PVS were rated using validated methods in the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO). The outcomes included all-cause dementia, Alzheimer dementia (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). RESULTS One thousand four hundred forty-nine participants 50 years or older (46% male) were included. Over a median follow-up period of 8.3 years, the incidence of all-cause dementia, AD, and VaD was 15.8%, 12.5%, and 2.5%, respectively. In models that adjusted for vascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease, the hazard for dementia increased steadily as PVS burden increased, rising 2-fold for those with grade II PVS (HR 2.44, 95% CI 1.51-3.93) to 5-fold in participants with grade IV (HR 5.05, 95% CI 2.75-9.26) compared with grade I PVS in CSO. In the BG, hazards increased 1.6-fold (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.15-2.27) for grade II to 2.6-fold (HR 2.67, 95% CI 1.04-6.88) for grade IV compared with grade I PVS. The association remained significant for CSO but not for BG, after adjustment for white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), covert infarcts, and total brain volume. Similar findings were observed for AD, but VaD, limited by a small number of events, was not statistically significant. DISCUSSION Higher burden of PVS in CSO was associated with increased risk of developing dementia, independent of vascular risk factors, total brain volume, WMHVs, and covert infarcts. This finding supports a role for PVS as a subclinical MRI marker to identify individuals in subclinical stages at high risk of developing dementia who may benefit from early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rafael Romero
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.R., H.J.A.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Biostatistics (A.P. S.D.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California at Davis, CA; The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX; and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study (J.R.R., A.P., H.J.A., S.D., S.S.), MA.
| | - Adlin Pinheiro
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.R., H.J.A.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Biostatistics (A.P. S.D.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California at Davis, CA; The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX; and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study (J.R.R., A.P., H.J.A., S.D., S.S.), MA
| | - Hugo J Aparicio
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.R., H.J.A.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Biostatistics (A.P. S.D.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California at Davis, CA; The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX; and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study (J.R.R., A.P., H.J.A., S.D., S.S.), MA
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.R., H.J.A.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Biostatistics (A.P. S.D.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California at Davis, CA; The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX; and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study (J.R.R., A.P., H.J.A., S.D., S.S.), MA
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.R., H.J.A.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Biostatistics (A.P. S.D.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California at Davis, CA; The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX; and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study (J.R.R., A.P., H.J.A., S.D., S.S.), MA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.R., H.J.A.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Biostatistics (A.P. S.D.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California at Davis, CA; The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX; and NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study (J.R.R., A.P., H.J.A., S.D., S.S.), MA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tarawneh R, Kasper RS, Sanford J, Phuah C, Hassenstab J, Cruchaga C. Vascular endothelial-cadherin as a marker of endothelial injury in preclinical Alzheimer disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1926-1940. [PMID: 36342663 PMCID: PMC9735377 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction is an early and prevalent pathology in Alzheimer disease (AD). We here investigate the value of vascular endothelial-cadherin (VEC) as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) marker of endothelial injury in preclinical AD. METHODS Cognitively normal participants (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 0) from the Knight Washington University-ADRC were included in this study (n = 700). Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC) scores, CSF VEC, tau, p-tau181, Aβ42/Aβ40, neurofilament light-chain (NFL) levels, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments of white matter injury (WMI) were obtained from all participants. A subset of participants underwent brain amyloid imaging using positron emission tomography (amyloid-PET) (n = 534). Linear regression examined associations of CSF VEC with PACC and individual cognitive scores in preclinical AD. Mediation analyses examined whether CSF VEC mediated effects of CSF amyloid and tau markers on cognition in preclinical AD. RESULTS CSF VEC levels significantly correlated with PACC and individual cognitive scores in participants with amyloid (A+T±N±; n = 558) or those with amyloid and tau pathologies (A+T+N±; n = 259), after adjusting for covariates. CSF VEC also correlated with CSF measures of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration and global amyloid burden on amyloid-PET scans in our cohort. Importantly, our findings suggest that CSF VEC mediates associations of CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau181, and global amyloid burden with cognitive outcomes in preclinical AD. INTERPRETATION Our results support the utility of CSF VEC as a marker of endothelial injury in AD and highlight the importance of endothelial injury as an early pathology that contributes to cognitive impairment in even the earliest preclinical stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
- Center for Memory and AgingUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Rachel S. Kasper
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Jessie Sanford
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University in St LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics CenterWashington University in St LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Chia‐Ling Phuah
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics CenterWashington University in St LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of PsychologyWashington University in St LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University in St LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics CenterWashington University in St LouisMissouriUSA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ding H, Kan S, Wang X, Du B, Mou Y, Dong R, Geng D, Pang Q. Cryptotanshinone against vascular dementia through inhibition of Aβ aggregation and inflammatory responses in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
35
|
Chang SR, Liu JG, Li H, Liu MX, Shi DD, Zhou LJ. Pharmaceutical and pharmacological studies of Shen Ma Yi Zhi granule for prevention of vascular dementia: A review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1044572. [PMID: 36507350 PMCID: PMC9731835 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1044572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With dementia significantly increasing hospitalization and disability rates, worldwide aging of the population presents major challenges to public health. The majority of cases of cognitive dysfunction among the elderly, however, are characterized by an identifiable, preventable and treatable vascular component. As such, increased study of preventative methods in the context of dementia is warranted. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds have been reported to be neuroprotective and improve cognitive function via a variety of mechanisms. Shen Ma Yi Zhi granule (SMYZG) is one such collection of compounds that has been proven clinically effective. Pharmacological mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and clinical applications of SMYZG have been previously studied using a variety of vascular dementia animal models. SMYZG activates and regulates four main signaling pathways relevant to vascular dementia including the AMPK/PPARα/PGC-1α/UCP2, Nrf2/HO-1, HIF-1/VEGF/Notch, and VEGF/Flk-1/p8 MAPK pathways. Furthermore, SMYZG influences anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant stress responses, reverses demyelination of brain white matter and vascular endothelium, regulates pericyte function and normalizes mitochondrial metabolism. Neuroprotective effects of SMYZG, as well as those promoting regeneration of vascular endothelium, have also been reported in studies of rat models of vascular dementia. Future research concerning SMYG is warranted for development of vascular dementia preventative management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-rui Chang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-gang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jian-gang Liu,
| | - Hao Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute of Geriatrics of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Hao Li,
| | - Mei-xia Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute of Geriatrics of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-dan Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute of Geriatrics of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-juan Zhou
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute of Geriatrics of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yin YL, Chen Y, Ren F, Wang L, Zhu ML, Lu JX, Wang QQ, Lu CB, Liu C, Bai YY, Wang SX, Wang JZ, Li P. Nitrosative stress induced by homocysteine thiolactone drives vascular cognitive impairments via GTP cyclohydrolase 1 S-nitrosylation in vivo. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
37
|
Miller KB, Mi KL, Nelson GA, Norman RB, Patel ZS, Huff JL. Ionizing radiation, cerebrovascular disease, and consequent dementia: A review and proposed framework relevant to space radiation exposure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1008640. [PMID: 36388106 PMCID: PMC9640983 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1008640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Space exploration requires the characterization and management or mitigation of a variety of human health risks. Exposure to space radiation is one of the main health concerns because it has the potential to increase the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and both acute and late neurodegeneration. Space radiation-induced decrements to the vascular system may impact the risk for cerebrovascular disease and consequent dementia. These risks may be independent or synergistic with direct damage to central nervous system tissues. The purpose of this work is to review epidemiological and experimental data regarding the impact of low-to-moderate dose ionizing radiation on the central nervous system and the cerebrovascular system. A proposed framework outlines how space radiation-induced effects on the vasculature may increase risk for both cerebrovascular dysfunction and neural and cognitive adverse outcomes. The results of this work suggest that there are multiple processes by which ionizing radiation exposure may impact cerebrovascular function including increases in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, arterial stiffening, atherosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Cerebrovascular adverse outcomes may also promote neural and cognitive adverse outcomes. However, there are many gaps in both the human and preclinical evidence base regarding the long-term impact of ionizing radiation exposure on brain health due to heterogeneity in both exposures and outcomes. The unique composition of the space radiation environment makes the translation of the evidence base from terrestrial exposures to space exposures difficult. Additional investigation and understanding of the impact of low-to-moderate doses of ionizing radiation including high (H) atomic number (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) ions on the cerebrovascular system is needed. Furthermore, investigation of how decrements in vascular systems may contribute to development of neurodegenerative diseases in independent or synergistic pathways is important for protecting the long-term health of astronauts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory A. Nelson
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
- KBR Inc., Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ryan B. Norman
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States
| | - Zarana S. Patel
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
- KBR Inc., Houston, TX, United States
| | - Janice L. Huff
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bhatia K, Kindelin A, Nadeem M, Khan MB, Yin J, Fuentes A, Miller K, Turner GH, Preul MC, Ahmad AS, Mufson EJ, Waters MF, Ahmad S, Ducruet AF. Complement C3a Receptor (C3aR) Mediates Vascular Dysfunction, Hippocampal Pathology, and Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of VCID. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:816-829. [PMID: 35258803 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-00993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) secondary to chronic mild-moderate cerebral ischemia underlie a significant percentage of cases of dementia. We previously reported that either genetic deficiency of the complement C3a receptor (C3aR) or its pharmacological inhibition protects against cerebral ischemia in rodents, while others have implicated C3aR in the pathogenesis seen in rodent transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we evaluated the role of complement C3a-C3aR signaling in the onset and progression of VCID. We utilized the bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) model to induce VCID in male C57BL/6 wild-type and C3aR-knockout (C3aR-/-) mice. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes, hippocampal atrophy (HA), white matter degeneration (WMD), and ventricular size were assessed at 4 months post-BCAS using laser speckle contrast analysis (LSCI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM), and novel object recognition (NOR), immunostaining, and western blot were performed to assess the effect of genetic C3aR deletion on post-VCID outcomes. BCAS resulted in decreased CBF and increased HA, WMD, and neurovascular inflammation in WT (C57BL/6) compared to C3aR-/- (C3aR-KO) mice. Moreover, C3aR-/- mice exhibited improved cognitive function on NOR and MWM relative to WT controls. We conclude that over-activation of the C3a/C3aR axis exacerbates neurovascular inflammation leading to poor VCID outcomes which are mitigated by C3aR deletion. Future studies are warranted to dissect the role of cell-specific C3aR in VCID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Bhatia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Adam Kindelin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | | | - Junxiang Yin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Alberto Fuentes
- Barrow Neurological Institute/Arizona State University Center for Preclinical Imaging, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Karis Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Gregory H Turner
- Barrow Neurological Institute/Arizona State University Center for Preclinical Imaging, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Mark C Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Abdullah S Ahmad
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Michael F Waters
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Saif Ahmad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- Departments of Neurosurgery & Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85086, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Clinical Trials of New Drugs for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911067. [PMID: 36232368 PMCID: PMC9569827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Population aging has challenged the treatment of cognitive impairment or dementia. Vascular dementia is the second leading cause of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive consequences after ischemic brain injury have been recognized as a preferred target for therapeutic strategies, prompting the search for potential agents. The keyword “vascular dementia” was used to search ClinicalTrials.gov to determine agents represented in phases I, II, III, and IV. The agents were classified on the basis of their mechanisms. Of the 17 randomized controlled trials meeting our inclusion criteria, 9 were completed in the past 10 years, and 8 are ongoing or in the planning stages. We also identified one trial in phase I, nine in phase II, six in phase III, and one in phase IV. Fewer trials of new drugs for improving cognition or ameliorating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia target vascular dementia than Alzheimer’s dementia. Drug trials on vascular dementia overlap with drug trials targeting functional outcomes in cerebrovascular disease. International pharmaceutical companies’ investment in new drugs targeting VCI and vascular dementia remains insufficient.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mone P, Varzideh F, Jankauskas SS, Pansini A, Lombardi A, Frullone S, Santulli G. SGLT2 Inhibition via Empagliflozin Improves Endothelial Function and Reduces Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Insights From Frail Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients. Hypertension 2022; 79:1633-1643. [PMID: 35703100 PMCID: PMC9642044 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a multidimensional condition often diagnosed in older adults with hypertension and diabetes, and both these conditions are associated with endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. We investigated the functional role of the SGLT2 (sodium glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitor empagliflozin in frail diabetic and hypertensive older adults. METHODS We studied the effects of empagliflozin in consecutive hypertensive and diabetic older patients with frailty presenting at the ASL (local health unit of the Italian Ministry of Health) of Avellino, Italy, from March 2021 to January 2022. Moreover, we performed in vitro experiments in human endothelial cells to measure cell viability, permeability, mitochondrial Ca2+, and oxidative stress. RESULTS We evaluated 407 patients; 325 frail elders with diabetes successfully completed the study. We propensity-score matched 75 patients treated with empagliflozin and 75 with no empagliflozin. We observed a correlation between glycemia and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and between glycemia and 5-meter gait speed (5mGS). At 3-month follow-up, we detected a significant improvement in the MoCA score and in the 5mGS in patients receiving empagliflozin compared with non-treated subjects. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that empagliflozin significantly reduces mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and reactive oxygen species production triggered by high glucose in human endothelial cells, attenuates cellular permeability, and improves cell viability in response to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicate that empagliflozin reduces frailty in diabetic and hypertensive patients, most likely by decreasing the mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
- Asl Avellino
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang L, Li C, Huang R, Teng H, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Liu X, Fan B, Luo H, He A, Zhao A, Lu M, Chopp M, Zhang ZG. Cerebral endothelial cell derived small extracellular vesicles improve cognitive function in aged diabetic rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:926485. [PMID: 35912073 PMCID: PMC9330338 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.926485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) mediate cell-cell communication by transferring their cargo biological materials into recipient cells. Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces cerebral vascular dysfunction and neurogenesis impairment, which are associated with cognitive decline and an increased risk of developing dementia. Whether the sEVs are involved in DM-induced cerebral vascular disease, is unknown. Therefore, we studied sEVs derived from cerebral endothelial cells (CEC-sEVs) of aged DM rats (DM-CEC-sEVs) and found that DM-CEC-sEVs robustly inhibited neural stem cell (NSC) generation of new neuroblasts and damaged cerebral endothelial function. Treatment of aged DM-rats with CEC-sEVs derived from adult healthy normal rats (N-CEC-sEVs) ameliorated cognitive deficits and improved cerebral vascular function and enhanced neurogenesis. Intravenously administered N-CEC-sEVs crossed the blood brain barrier and were internalized by neural stem cells in the neurogenic region, which were associated with augmentation of miR-1 and –146a and reduction of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 and thrombospondin 1 proteins. In addition, uptake of N-CEC-sEVs by the recipient cells was mediated by clathrin and caveolin dependent endocytosis signaling pathways. The present study provides ex vivo and in vivo evidence that DM-CEC-sEVs induce cerebral vascular dysfunction and neurogenesis impairment and that N-CEC-sEVs have a therapeutic effect on improvement of cognitive function by ameliorating dysfunction of cerebral vessels and increasing neurogenesis in aged DM rats, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang,
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hua Teng
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Xiangshuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Baoyan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Annie He
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Anna Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Davis CM, Zhang WH, Bah TM, Roese NE, Allen EM, Leung P, Boutros SJ, Marzulla T, Patel E, Nie X, Alkayed FN, Huang JH, Jensen MA, Raber J, Pike MM, Alkayed NJ. Age-dependent cognitive impairment, hydrocephalus and leukocyte infiltration in transgenic mice with endothelial expression of human EPHX2. NPJ AGING 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35927273 PMCID: PMC9256583 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-022-00090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is upregulated in microvascular endothelium of human brain with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Transgenic endothelial expression of human sEH in mice (Tie2hsEH) induces endothelial dysfunction (ED), a pathogenetic mechanism of VCI. We sought to determine if endothelial upregulation of sEH is sufficient to cause cognitive impairment, and if cognitive impairment due to chronic hypoperfusion induced by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) is exacerbated in Tie2hsEH mice. Behavioral performance was assessed by the open field, rotarod, novel object, Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests. Cerebral blood flow and brain morphology were evaluated by MRI, and inflammatory changes investigated using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. We demonstrate that transgenic endothelial expression of sEH is sufficient to induce cognitive impairment, associated with leukocyte infiltration, brain atrophy and accelerated, age-dependent ventriculomegaly, identifying ED and sEH upregulation as potential underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets for VCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Wenri H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Thierno M Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Natalie E Roese
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elyse M Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Philberta Leung
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sydney J Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tessa Marzulla
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Esha Patel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Xiao Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Farah N Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Justin H Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Michael A Jensen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Martin M Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lim KG, Varatharajan R, Muthuraman A. The Attenuating Effect of Beta-Carotene on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Vascular Dementia Symptoms in Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134293. [PMID: 35807538 PMCID: PMC9268603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the ameliorative effects of beta-carotene (BC) on diabetes-associated vascular dementia and its action against biomolecule oxidation. The diabetic vascular dementia (VaD) was induced by administration of nicotinamide (NA; 50 mg/kg; i.p.) and streptozotocin (STZ; 50 mg/kg; i.p.). The test compound, BC (50 and 100 mg/kg; p.o.), and the reference compound, donepezil (DP) (1 mg/kg; p.o.), were administered for 15 consecutive days. Changes in learning and memory were assessed by escape latency time (ELT) and times spent in target quadrant (TSTQ) in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The changes in neurotransmitter, i.e., acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and oxidative stress markers, i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH), were estimated in hippocampal tissue of the rat brain. The administration of STZ caused significant deterioration of cognitive function (decreased ELT and raised the TSTQ) as compared to the normal group. Treatment with BC and DP diminished the increased AChE activity, TBARS level and decreased GSH level caused by STZ. Thus, BC ameliorates the diabetic vascular complications in VaD due to its potential anticholinergic, antioxidative and free radical scavenging actions.
Collapse
|
44
|
Alfieri A, Koudelka J, Li M, Scheffer S, Duncombe J, Caporali A, Kalaria RN, Smith C, Shah AM, Horsburgh K. Nox2 underpins microvascular inflammation and vascular contributions to cognitive decline. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1176-1191. [PMID: 35102790 PMCID: PMC9207496 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221077766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic microvascular inflammation and oxidative stress are inter-related mechanisms underpinning white matter disease and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A proposed mediator is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (Nox2), a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. To assess the role of Nox2 in VCI, we studied a tractable model with white matter pathology and cognitive impairment induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Mice with genetic deletion of Nox2 (Nox2 KO) were compared to wild-type (WT) following BCAS. Sustained BCAS over 12 weeks in WT mice induced Nox2 expression, indices of microvascular inflammation and oxidative damage, along with white matter pathology culminating in a marked cognitive impairment, which were all protected by Nox2 genetic deletion. Neurovascular coupling was impaired in WT mice post-BCAS and restored in Nox2 KO mice. Increased vascular expression of chemoattractant mediators, cell-adhesion molecules and endothelial activation factors in WT mice post-BCAS were ameliorated by Nox2 deficiency. The clinical relevance was confirmed by increased vascular Nox2 and indices of microvascular inflammation in human post-mortem subjects with cerebral vascular disease. Our results support Nox2 activity as a critical determinant of VCI, whose targeting may be of therapeutic benefit in cerebral vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alfieri
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Vascular Science, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Juraj Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mosi Li
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sanny Scheffer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Caporali
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lifestyle modification and cognitive function among individuals with resistant hypertension: cognitive outcomes from the TRIUMPH trial. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1359-1368. [PMID: 35703293 PMCID: PMC9246836 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant hypertension is associated with increased risk of cognitive decline, stroke, and dementia. Lifestyle modification has been suggested to improve cognitive function through its salutary effects on vascular function. METHODS Participants included 140 patients with resistant hypertension participating in the TRIUMPH trial. Participants were randomized to a cardiac rehabilitation-based lifestyle program (C-LIFE) or a standardized education and physician advice condition (SEPA). Participants completed a 45-min cognitive test battery consisting of tests of Executive Functioning and Learning, Memory, and Processing Speed. Biomarkers of vascular [flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD)], microvascular, and cerebrovascular function were also collected, in addition to weight, fitness, and ambulatory blood pressure. RESULTS Participants averaged 63 years of age, 48% women, 59% black, and obese [mean BMI = 36 kg/m 2 (SD = 4)]. Cognitive performance improved across the entire cohort during the 4-month trial [ t -scores pretreatment = 48.9 (48, 50) vs. posttreatment = 50.0 (49, 51), P < 0.001]. Postintervention Executive Function/Learning composite performance was higher for participants in C-LIFE compared to SEPA ( d = 0.37, P = 0.039). C-LIFE intervention effects on Memory and Processing Speed were moderated by sex and baseline stroke risk, respectively ( P = 0.026 and P = 0.043 for interactions), such that males and participants with greater stroke risk showed the greatest cognitive changes. FMD [C-LIFE: +0.3% (-0.3, 1.0) vs. SEPA: -1.4% (-2.5, -0.3), P = 0.022], and microvascular function [C-LIFE: 97 (65, 130) vs. SEPA: 025 (-75, 23), P < 0.001] were improved in C-LIFE compared with SEPA, whereas cerebrovascular reactivity was not [C-LIFE: -0.2 (-0.4, 0) vs. SEPA: 0.1 (-0.2, 0.4), P = 0.197). Mediation analyses suggested that increased executive function/learning was associated with reduced ambulatory SBP levels secondary to weight loss [indirect effect: B = 0.25 (0.03, 0.71)]. CONCLUSION Lifestyle modification individuals with resistant hypertension improves cognition, which appeared to be associated with reduced ambulatory SBP changes through weight loss. Cognitive improvements were accompanied by parallel improvements in endothelial and microvascular function.
Collapse
|
46
|
Murdock KW, Stowe RP, Engeland CG. Diminished Cellular Immunity and Executive Cognitive Functioning Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:679-684. [PMID: 35420592 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Within the field of psychoneuroimmunology, much attention has been given to immune dysregulation and its impact on cognitive functioning. Some of this work has focused on the association between high levels of basal proinflammatory cytokines and poorer performance on measures of executive functioning; however, effect sizes have been quite small in human studies. METHODS We investigated whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody titers, a marker of immune dysregulation related to cellular immunity, may be associated with executive functioning while also attempting to replicate prior studies using two markers of proinflammatory cytokine production (i.e., circulating and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-stimulated cytokines [interleukin 6, interleukin 1β, interferon-γ]). A total of 71 community-dwelling adults (mean [standard deviation] age = 60.87 [6.26] years) who were seropositive for EBV infection participated in the study. RESULTS Findings indicated that greater EBV antibody titers were associated with poorer performance on measures of the executive functions of inhibition ( B = -2.36, standard error = 1.06, p = .028) and cognitive flexibility ( B = -2.89, standard error = 1.13, p = .013) when including circulating and LPS-stimulated cytokines and other relevant covariates (i.e., age, sex, and body mass index) in linear regression analyses. Neither circulating nor LPS-stimulated cytokines were associated with performance on the cognitive tasks in the regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EBV antibody titers may be an indicator of immune dysregulation that is more relevant to executive functioning performance than either circulating or stimulated proinflammatory cytokines among community-dwelling adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Murdock
- From the Department of Biobehavioral Health (Murdock, Engeland), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Microgen Laboratories (Stowe), La Marque, Texas; and College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University (Engeland), University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Preininger MK, Kaufer D. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Astrocyte Senescence as Reciprocal Drivers of Neuropathology in Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6217. [PMID: 35682895 PMCID: PMC9180977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant cell types in the brain, astrocytes form a tissue-wide signaling network that is responsible for maintaining brain homeostasis and regulating various brain activities. Here, we review some of the essential functions that astrocytes perform in supporting neurons, modulating the immune response, and regulating and maintaining the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Given their importance in brain health, it follows that astrocyte dysfunction has detrimental effects. Indeed, dysfunctional astrocytes are implicated in age-related neuropathology and participate in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review two mechanisms by which astrocytes mediate neuropathology in the aging brain. First, age-associated blood-brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) causes the hyperactivation of TGFβ signaling in astrocytes, which elicits a pro-inflammatory and epileptogenic phenotype. Over time, BBBD-associated astrocyte dysfunction results in hippocampal and cortical neural hyperexcitability and cognitive deficits. Second, senescent astrocytes accumulate in the brain with age and exhibit a decreased functional capacity and the secretion of senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, which contribute to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Both BBBD and senescence progressively increase during aging and are associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, but the relationship between the two has not yet been established. Thus, we discuss the potential relationship between BBBD, TGFβ hyperactivation, and senescence with respect to astrocytes in the context of aging and disease and identify future areas of investigation in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela K. Preininger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Robbins JP, Solito E. Does Neuroinflammation Underlie the Cognitive Changes Observed With Dietary Interventions? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:854050. [PMID: 35620671 PMCID: PMC9127342 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.854050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions, such as calorie restriction and ketogenic diet, have been extensively studied in ageing research, including in cognitive decline. Epidemiological studies indicate beneficial effects of certain dietary regimes on mental health, including mood disorders and dementia. However, randomised-controlled trials (the gold-standard of evidence-based medicine) on calorie restriction diets and the ketogenic diet have yet to show clinically convincing effects in neuropsychiatric disorders. This review will examine the quality of studies and evidence base for the ketogenic and calorie restriction diets in common neuropsychiatric conditions, collating findings from preclinical experiments, case reports or small clinical studies, and randomised controlled clinical trials. The major cellular mechanisms that mediate the effects of these dietary interventions on brain health include neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, and neuromodulation. We will discuss the studies that have investigated the roles of these pathways and their interactions. Popularity of the ketogenic and calorie restriction diets has grown both in the public domain and in psychiatry research, allowing for informed review of the efficacy, the limitations, and the side effects of these diets in specific patient populations. In this review we will summarise the clinical evidence for these diets in neuropsychiatry and make suggestions to improve clinical translation of future research studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline P. Robbins
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cazzaniga A, Fedele G, Castiglioni S, Maier JA. The Presence of Blood-Brain Barrier Modulates the Response to Magnesium Salts in Human Brain Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095133. [PMID: 35563524 PMCID: PMC9104490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is fundamental in the brain, where it regulates metabolism and neurotransmission and protects against neuroinflammation. To obtain insights into the molecular basis of Mg action in the brain, we investigated the effects of Mg in human brain organoids, a revolutionary 3D model to study neurobiology and neuropathology. In particular, brain organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells were cultured in the presence or in the absence of an in vitro-generated blood–brain barrier (BBB), and then exposed to 1 or 5 mM concentrations of inorganic and organic Mg salts (Mg sulphate (MgSO4); Mg pidolate (MgPid)). We evaluated the modulation of NMDA and GABAergic receptors, and BDNF. Our data suggest that the presence of the BBB is essential for Mg to exert its effects on brain organoids, and that 5 mM of MgPid is more effective than MgSO4 in increasing the levels of GABA receptors and BDNF, and decreasing those of NMDA receptor. These results might illuminate novel pathways explaining the neuroprotective role of Mg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cazzaniga
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgia Fedele
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), Università di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shu J, Wei W, Zhang L. Identification of Molecular Signatures and Candidate Drugs in Vascular Dementia by Bioinformatics Analyses. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:751044. [PMID: 35221911 PMCID: PMC8873373 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.751044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is considered to be the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease, and no specific drugs have been approved for VaD treatment. We aimed to identify shared transcriptomic signatures between the frontal cortex and temporal cortex in VaD by bioinformatics analyses. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses, protein–protein interaction (PPI) and hub gene identification, hub gene–transcription factor interaction, hub gene–microRNA interaction, and hub gene–drug interaction analyses were performed. We identified 159 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the frontal cortex and temporal cortex that were enriched mainly in inflammation and innate immunity, synapse pruning, regeneration, positive regulation of angiogenesis, response to nutrient levels, and positive regulation of the digestive system process. We identified 10 hub genes in the PPI network (GNG13, CD163, C1QA, TLR2, SST, C1QB, ITGB2, CCR5, CRH, and TAC1), four central regulatory transcription factors (FOXC1, CREB1, GATA2, and HINFP), and four microRNAs (miR-27a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-335-5p, and miR-129-2-3p). Hub gene–drug interaction analysis found four drugs (maraviroc, cenicriviroc, PF-04634817, and efalizumab) that could be potential drugs for VaD treatment. Together, our results may contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms in VaD and provide potential targets and drugs for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|