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Qian H, Zhang HN, Gao T, Wang XS, Wang X, Yu MY, Li MK, Huang J. Upregulation of TRPC1 in microglia promotes neutrophil infiltration after ischemic stroke. Brain Res Bull 2024; 208:110894. [PMID: 38325758 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration has been linked to worse clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke. Microglia, a key type of immune-competent cell, engage in cross-talk with the infiltrating immune cells in the inflamed brain area, yet the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of how canonical transient receptor potential 1 (TRPC1) modulated neutrophil infiltration in male mouse cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury (CIRI) models. Our findings revealed a notable upregulation of TRPC1 in microglia within both middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/regeneration (OGD/R) model. Conditional Trpc1 knockdown in microglia markedly reduced infarct volumes and alleviated neurological deficits. Microglia conditional Trpc1 knockdown mice displayed less neutrophil infiltration in peri-infarct area. Trpc1 knockdown microglia exhibited a reduced primed proinflammatory phenotype with less secretion of CC-Chemokines ligand (CCL) 5 and CCL2 after MCAO/R. Blocking CCL5/2 significantly mitigated neutrophil infiltration in microglia/neutrophil transwell co-culture system upon OGD/R condition. Trpc1 knockdown markedly reduced store-operated calcium entry and nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1) level in OGD/R treated microglia. Overexpression of Nfatc1 reversed the CCL5/2 reducing effect of Trpc1 knockdown, which is mediated by small interfering RNA in BV2 cells upon OGD/R. Our data indicate that upregulation of TRPC1 in microglia stimulates the production of CCL5/2 through the Ca2+/NFATc1 pathway. Upregulated CCL5/2 leads to an increase in neutrophil infiltration into the brain, thereby aggravating reperfusion injury. Our results demonstrate the importance of TRPC1 in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and suggest a potential means for reducing CIRI induced neurological injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qian
- Health Management Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hui-Nan Zhang
- Health Management Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Health Management Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Xin-Shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Man-Yang Yu
- Health Management Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Ming-Kai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- Health Management Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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2
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Leo M, Schmitt LI, Mairinger F, Roos A, Hansmann C, Hezel S, Skuljec J, Pul R, Schara-Schmidt U, Kleinschnitz C, Hagenacker T. Analysis of Free Circulating Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Serum Samples from Late-Onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients Using nCounter NanoString Technology. Cells 2023; 12:2374. [PMID: 37830588 PMCID: PMC10572204 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
5q-related Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a hereditary multi-systemic disorder leading to progressive muscle atrophy and weakness caused by the degeneration of spinal motor neurons (MNs) in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Three SMN-enhancing drugs for SMA treatment are available. However, even if these drugs are highly effective when administrated early, several patients do not benefit sufficiently or remain non-responders, e.g., adults suffering from late-onset SMA and starting their therapy at advanced disease stages characterized by long-standing irreversible loss of MNs. Therefore, it is important to identify additional molecular targets to expand therapeutic strategies for SMA treatment and establish prognostic biomarkers related to the treatment response. Using high-throughput nCounter NanoString technology, we analyzed serum samples of late-onset SMA type 2 and type 3 patients before and six months under nusinersen treatment. Four genes (AMIGO1, CA2, CCL5, TLR2) were significantly altered in their transcript counts in the serum of patients, where differential expression patterns were dependent on SMA subtype and treatment response, assessed with outcome scales. No changes in gene expression were observed six months after nusinersen treatment, compared to healthy controls. These alterations in the transcription of four genes in SMA patients qualified those genes as potential SMN-independent therapeutic targets to complement current SMN-enhancing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Leo
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Linda-Isabell Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Fabian Mairinger
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Christina Hansmann
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Stefanie Hezel
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Jelena Skuljec
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Refik Pul
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Tim Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.-I.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.); (R.P.); (C.K.); (T.H.)
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Speidell A, Walton S, Campbell LA, Tomassoni-Ardori F, Tessarollo L, Corbo C, Taraballi F, Mocchetti I. Mice deficient for G-protein-coupled receptor 75 display altered presynaptic structural protein expression and disrupted fear conditioning recall. J Neurochem 2023; 165:827-841. [PMID: 36978267 PMCID: PMC10330141 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are considered "orphan receptors" because the information on their known ligands is incomplete. Yet, these receptors are important targets to characterize, as the discovery of their ligands may lead to potential new therapies. GPR75 was recently deorphanized because at least two ligands appear to bind to it, the chemokine CCL5 and the eicosanoid 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Recent reports suggest that GPR75 may play a role in regulating insulin secretion and obesity. However, little is known about the function of this receptor in the brain. To study the function of GPR75, we have generated a knockout (KO) mouse model of this receptor and we evaluated the role that this receptor plays in the adult hippocampus by an array of histological, proteomic, and behavioral endpoints. Using RNAscope® technology, we identified GPR75 puncta in several Rbfox3-/NeuN-positive cells in the hippocampus, suggesting that this receptor has a neuronal expression. Proteomic analysis of the hippocampus in 3-month-old GPR75 KO animals revealed that several markers of synapses, including synapsin I and II are downregulated compared with wild type (WT). To examine the functional consequence of this down-regulation, WT and GPR75 KO mice were tested on a hippocampal-dependent behavioral task. Both contextual memory and anxiety-like behaviors were significantly altered in GPR75 KO, suggesting that GPR75 plays a role in hippocampal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Speidell
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Washington, DC
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Sofia Walton
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Washington, DC
| | - Lee A Campbell
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Claudia Corbo
- School of Medicine and Surgery Nanomedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Washington, DC
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
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Cyran A, Pawlak E, Piotrowski P, Bielawski T, Samochowiec J, Tyburski E, Chęć M, Rembacz K, Łaczmański Ł, Bieniek W, Gamian A, Misiak B. The deficit subtype of schizophrenia is associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype but not with altered levels of zonulin: Findings from a case-control study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106109. [PMID: 37075652 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that subclinical inflammation and increased gut permeability might be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Less is known about these phenomena in patients with the deficit subtype of schizophrenia (D-SCZ) characterized by primary and enduring negative symptoms. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to compare the levels of zonulin (the marker of gut permeability) and immune-inflammatory markers in patients with D-SCZ, those with non-deficit schizophrenia (ND-SCZ) and healthy controls (HCs). A total of 119 outpatients with schizophrenia and 120 HCs were enrolled. The levels of 26 immune-inflammatory markers and zonulin were determined in serum samples. The following between-group differences were significant after adjustment for multiple testing and the effects of potential confounding factors: 1) higher levels of interleukin(IL)- 1β and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with D-SCZ compared to those with ND-SCZ and HCs; 2) higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and RANTES in both groups of patients with schizophrenia compared to HCs and 3) higher levels of IL-17 in patients with D-SCZ compared to HCs. No significant between-group differences in zonulin levels were found. Higher levels of IL-1β and CRP were associated with worse performance of attention after adjustment for age, education and chlorpromazine equivalents. Also, higher levels of IL-1β were correlated with greater severity of negative symptoms after adjustment for potential confounding factors. In conclusion, individuals with D-SCZ are more likely to show subclinical inflammation. However, findings from the present study do not support the hypothesis that this phenomenon is secondary to increased gut permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Cyran
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Pawlak
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bielawski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ernest Tyburski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chęć
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rembacz
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Bieniek
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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5
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Greco GA, Rock M, Amontree M, Lanfranco MF, Korthas H, Hong SH, Turner RS, Rebeck GW, Conant K. CCR5 deficiency normalizes TIMP levels, working memory, and gamma oscillation power in APOE4 targeted replacement mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106057. [PMID: 36878326 PMCID: PMC10291850 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The APOE4 allele increases the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a dose-dependent manner and is also associated with cognitive decline in non-demented elderly controls. In mice with targeted gene replacement (TR) of murine APOE with human APOE3 or APOE4, the latter show reduced neuronal dendritic complexity and impaired learning. APOE4 TR mice also show reduced gamma oscillation power, a neuronal population activity which is important to learning and memory. Published work has shown that brain extracellular matrix (ECM) can reduce neuroplasticity as well as gamma power, while attenuation of ECM can instead enhance this endpoint. In the present study we examine human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from APOE3 and APOE4 individuals and brain lysates from APOE3 and APOE4 TR mice for levels of ECM effectors that can increase matrix deposition and restrict neuroplasticity. We find that CCL5, a molecule linked to ECM deposition in liver and kidney, is increased in CSF samples from APOE4 individuals. Levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which inhibit the activity of ECM-degrading enzymes, are also increased in APOE4 CSF as well as astrocyte supernatants brain lysates from APOE4 TR mice. Importantly, as compared to APOE4/wild-type heterozygotes, APOE4/CCR5 knockout heterozygotes show reduced TIMP levels and enhanced EEG gamma power. The latter also show improved learning and memory, suggesting that the CCR5/CCL5 axis could represent a therapeutic target for APOE4 individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin A Greco
- Georgetown University School of Medicine (GUMC), Department of Pharmacology, United States of America
| | | | - Matthew Amontree
- GUMC, United States of America; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, United States of America
| | | | - Holly Korthas
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, United States of America
| | - Sung Hyeok Hong
- GUMC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, United States of America
| | | | - G William Rebeck
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, United States of America; GUMC, Department of Neuroscience, United States of America
| | - Katherine Conant
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, United States of America; GUMC, Department of Neuroscience, United States of America.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wang SJ, Yang JN, Zhao ZM, Liu XJ. Molecular targets and mechanisms involved in the action of Banxia Shumi decoction in insomnia treatment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33229. [PMID: 36897671 PMCID: PMC9997805 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is a common sleep-wake rhythm disorder, which is closely associated with the occurrence of many serious diseases. Recent researches suggest that circadian rhythms play an important role in regulating sleep duration and sleep quality. Banxia Shumi decoction (BSXM) is a well-known Chinese formula used to treat insomnia in China. However, the overall molecular mechanism behind this therapeutic effect has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to identify the molecular targets and mechanisms involved in the action of BSXM during the treatment of insomnia. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, we investigated the molecular targets and underlying mechanisms of action of BSXM in insomnia therapy. We identified 8 active compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and the traditional Chinese medicine integrative database that corresponded to 26 target genes involved in insomnia treatment. The compound-differentially expressed genes of the BXSM network indicated that cavidine and gondoic acid could potentially become key components of drugs used for insomnia treatment. Further analysis revealed that GSK3B, MAPK14, IGF1R, CCL5, and BCL2L11 were core targets significantly associated with the circadian clock. Pathway enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance was the most prominently enriched pathway for BSXM in the insomnia treatment. The forkhead box O signaling pathway was also found to be significantly enriched. These targets were validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Molecular docking studies were performed to confirm the binding of cavidine and gondoic acid to the identified core targets. To our knowledge, our study confirmed for the first time that the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of BXSM may be the potential mechanism for treating insomnia with respect to the circadian clock gene. The results of this study provided theoretical guidance for researchers to further explore its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Ni Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong-Mi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xi-Jian Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Wang J, Bian L, Du Y, Wang D, Jiang R, Lu J, Zhao X. The roles of chemokines following intracerebral hemorrhage in animal models and humans. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1091498. [PMID: 36704330 PMCID: PMC9871786 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1091498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one common yet devastating stroke subtype, imposing considerable burdens on families and society. Current guidelines are limited to symptomatic treatments after ICH, and the death rate remains significant in the acute stage. Thus, it is crucial to promote research to develop new targets on brain injury after ICH. In response to hematoma formation, amounts of chemokines are released in the brain, triggering the infiltration of resident immune cells in the brain and the chemotaxis of peripheral immune cells via the broken blood-brain barrier. During the past decades, mounting studies have focused on the roles of chemokines and their receptors in ICH injury. This review summarizes the latest advances in the study of chemokine functions in the ICH. First, we provide an overview of ICH epidemiology and underlying injury mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ICH. Second, we introduce the biology of chemokines and their receptors in brief. Third, we outline the roles of chemokines in ICH according to subgroups, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL12, CCL17, CXCL8, CXCL12, and CX3CL1. Finally, we summarize current drug usage targeting chemokines in ICH and other cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. This review discusses the expressions of these chemokines and receptors under normal or hemorrhagic conditions and cell-specific sources. Above all, we highlight the related data of these chemokines in the progression and outcomes of the ICH disease in preclinical and clinical studies and point to therapeutic opportunities targeting chemokines productions and interactions in treating ICH, such as accelerating hematoma absorption and alleviating brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Liheng Bian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixuan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingjing Lu, ✉
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Xingquan Zhao, ✉
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8
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Quaranta DV, Weaver RR, Baumann KK, Fujimoto T, Williams LM, Kim HC, Logsdon AF, Omer M, Reed MJ, Banks WA, Erickson MA. Transport of the Proinflammatory Chemokines C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (MCP-1) and C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (RANTES) across the Intact Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier Is Inhibited by Heparin and Eprodisate and Increased with Systemic Inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:205-223. [PMID: 36310035 PMCID: PMC9827507 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One important function of the vascular blood-brain barrier (BBB) is to facilitate neuroimmune communication. The BBB fulfills this function, in part, through its ability to transport cytokines and chemokines. C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCL2) (MCP-1) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCL5) (RANTES) are proinflammatory chemokines that mediate neuroimmune responses to acute insults and aspects of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases; however, a blood-to-brain transport system has not been evaluated for either chemokine in vivo. Therefore, we determined whether CCL2 and CCL5 in blood can cross the intact BBB and enter the brain. Using CD-1 mice, we found that 125I-labeled CCL2 and CCL5 crossed the BBB and entered the brain parenchyma. We next aimed to identify the mechanisms of 125I-CCL2 and 125I-CCL5 transport in an in situ brain perfusion model. We found that both heparin and eprodisate inhibited brain uptake of 125I-CCL2 and 125I-CCL5 in situ, whereas antagonists of their receptors, CCR2 or CCR5, respectively, did not, suggesting that heparan sulfates at the endothelial surface mediate BBB transport. Finally, we showed that CCL2 and CCL5 transport across the BBB increased following a single injection of 0.3 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide. These data demonstrate that CCL2 and CCL5 in the brain can derive, in part, from the circulation, especially during systemic inflammation. Further, binding to the BBB-associated heparan sulfate is a mechanism by which both chemokines can cross the intact BBB, highlighting a novel therapeutic target for treating neuroinflammation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our work demonstrates that C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) can cross the intact blood-brain barrier and that transport is robustly increased during inflammation. These data suggest that circulating CCL2 and CCL5 can contribute to brain levels of each chemokine. We further show that the transport of both chemokines is inhibited by heparin and eprodisate, suggesting that CCL2/CCL5-heparan sulfate interactions could be therapeutically targeted to limit accumulation of these chemokines in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Quaranta
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington (D.V.Q., R.R.W., K.K.B., T.F., L.M.W., H.C.K., A.F.L., M.O., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (H.C.K., A.F.L., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.)
| | - Riley R Weaver
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington (D.V.Q., R.R.W., K.K.B., T.F., L.M.W., H.C.K., A.F.L., M.O., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (H.C.K., A.F.L., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.)
| | - Kristen K Baumann
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington (D.V.Q., R.R.W., K.K.B., T.F., L.M.W., H.C.K., A.F.L., M.O., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (H.C.K., A.F.L., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.)
| | - Takashi Fujimoto
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington (D.V.Q., R.R.W., K.K.B., T.F., L.M.W., H.C.K., A.F.L., M.O., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (H.C.K., A.F.L., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.)
| | - Lindsey M Williams
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington (D.V.Q., R.R.W., K.K.B., T.F., L.M.W., H.C.K., A.F.L., M.O., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (H.C.K., A.F.L., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.)
| | - Hyung Chan Kim
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington (D.V.Q., R.R.W., K.K.B., T.F., L.M.W., H.C.K., A.F.L., M.O., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (H.C.K., A.F.L., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.)
| | - Aric F Logsdon
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington (D.V.Q., R.R.W., K.K.B., T.F., L.M.W., H.C.K., A.F.L., M.O., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (H.C.K., A.F.L., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.)
| | - Mohamed Omer
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington (D.V.Q., R.R.W., K.K.B., T.F., L.M.W., H.C.K., A.F.L., M.O., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (H.C.K., A.F.L., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.)
| | - May J Reed
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington (D.V.Q., R.R.W., K.K.B., T.F., L.M.W., H.C.K., A.F.L., M.O., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (H.C.K., A.F.L., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.)
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington (D.V.Q., R.R.W., K.K.B., T.F., L.M.W., H.C.K., A.F.L., M.O., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (H.C.K., A.F.L., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.)
| | - Michelle A Erickson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington (D.V.Q., R.R.W., K.K.B., T.F., L.M.W., H.C.K., A.F.L., M.O., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (H.C.K., A.F.L., M.J.R., W.A.B., M.A.E.)
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9
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Garrido-Gil P, Pedrosa MA, Garcia-Garrote M, Pequeño-Valtierra A, Rodríguez-Castro J, García-Souto D, Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Microglial angiotensin type 2 receptors mediate sex-specific expression of inflammatory cytokines independently of circulating estrogen. Glia 2022; 70:2348-2360. [PMID: 35943203 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There are sex differences in microglia, which can maintain sex-related gene expression and functional differences in the absence of circulating sex steroids. The angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptors mediate anti-inflammatory actions in different tissues, including brain. In mice, we performed RT-PCR analysis of microglia isolated from adult brains and RNA scope in situ hybridization from males, females, ovariectomized females, orchiectomized males and brain masculinized females. We also compared wild type and AT2 knockout mice. The expression of AT2 receptors in microglial cells showed sex differences with much higher AT2 mRNA expression in females than in males, and this was not dependent on circulating gonadal hormones, as observed using ovariectomized females, brain masculinized females and orchiectomized males. These results suggest genomic reasons, possibly related to sex chromosome complement, for sex differences in AT2 expression in microglia, as the AT2 receptor gene is located in the X chromosome. Furthermore, sex differences in expression of AT2 receptors were associated to sex differences in microglial expression of key anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. In conclusion, sex differences in microglial AT2 receptor expression appear as a major factor contributing to sex differences in the neuroinflammatory responses beyond the effects of circulating steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Garcia-Garrote
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pequeño-Valtierra
- Laboratory of Genomes and Disease, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Castro
- Laboratory of Genomes and Disease, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Souto
- Laboratory of Genomes and Disease, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
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10
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McCamy KM, Rees KA, Winzer-Serhan UH. Peripheral immune challenges elicit differential up-regulation of hippocampal cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in a mouse model of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome. Cytokine 2022; 159:156005. [PMID: 36084604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The human heterozygous 15q13.3 microdeletion is associated with neuropathological disorders, most prominently with epilepsy and intellectual disability. The 1.5 Mb deletion encompasses six genes (FAN1 [MTMR15], MTMR10, TRPM1, KLF13, OTUD7A, and CHRNA7); all but one (TRPM1) are expressed in the brain. The 15q13.3 microdeletion causes highly variable neurological symptoms, and confounding factors may contribute to a more severe phenotype. CHRNA7 and KLF13 are involved in immune system regulation and altered immune responses may contribute to neurological deficits. We used the Df[h15q13]/+ transgenic mouse model with a heterozygous deletion of the orthologous region (Het) to test the hypothesis that the microdeletion increases innate immune responses compared to wild type (WT). Male and female mice were acutely challenged with the bacteriomimetic lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) or the viral mimetic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C), 5 mg/kg). Hippocampal mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were determined three hours after injection using quantitative PCR analysis. In controls, expression was not affected by sex or genotype. LPS and Poly(I:C) resulted in significantly increased hippocampal expression of cytokines, chemokines, and interferon-γ (IFNγ), with more robust increases for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CCL2 by LPS, higher induction of IFNγ by Poly(I:C), and similar increases of CCL4 and CCL5 by both agents. Generally, Hets exhibited stronger responses than WT mice, and significant effects of genotype or genotype × treatment interactions were detected for CXCL1 and CCL5, and IL-6, IL-1β, and CCL4, respectively, after LPS. Sex differences were detected for some targets. LPS but not Poly(I:C), reduced overnight burrowing independent of sex or genotype, suggesting that LPS induced sickness behavior. Thus, mice carrying the microdeletion have an increased innate immune response following a LPS challenge, but further studies will have to determine the extent and mechanisms of altered immune activation and subsequent contributions to 15q13.3 microdeletion associated deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M McCamy
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
| | - Katherine A Rees
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
| | - Ursula H Winzer-Serhan
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, United States.
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11
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Levison SW, Rocha-Ferreira E, Kim BH, Hagberg H, Fleiss B, Gressens P, Dobrowolski R. Mechanisms of Tertiary Neurodegeneration after Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage. PEDIATRIC MEDICINE (HONG KONG, CHINA) 2022; 5:28. [PMID: 37601279 PMCID: PMC10438849 DOI: 10.21037/pm-20-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy linked to hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) which is regarded as the most important neurological problem of the newborn, can lead to a spectrum of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hyperactivity, cognitive impairment and learning difficulties. There have been numerous reviews that have focused on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal H-I; however, a topic that is less often considered is the extent to which the injury might worsen over time, which is the focus of this review. Similarly, there have been numerous reviews that have focused on mechanisms that contribute to the acute or subacute injury; however, there is a tertiary phase of recovery that can be defined by cellular and molecular changes that occur many weeks and months after brain injury and this topic has not been the focus of any review for over a decade. Therefore, in this article we review both the clinical and pre-clinical data that show that tertiary neurodegeneration is a significant contributor to the final outcome, especially after mild to moderate injuries. We discuss the contributing roles of apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, protein homeostasis, inflammation, microgliosis and astrogliosis. We also review the limited number of studies that have shown that significant neuroprotection and preservation of neurological function can be achieved administering drugs during the period of tertiary neurodegeneration. As the tertiary phase of neurodegeneration is a stage when interventions are eminently feasible, it is our hope that this review will stimulate a new focus on this stage of recovery towards the goal of producing new treatment options for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Levison
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Eridan Rocha-Ferreira
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brian H. Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, VIC, Australia
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France
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12
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Shen Y, Zhou M, Cai D, Filho DA, Fernandes G, Cai Y, de Sousa AF, Tian M, Kim N, Lee J, Necula D, Zhou C, Li S, Salinas S, Liu A, Kang X, Kamata M, Lavi A, Huang S, Silva T, Do Heo W, Silva AJ. CCR5 closes the temporal window for memory linking. Nature 2022; 606:146-152. [PMID: 35614219 PMCID: PMC9197199 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Real-world memories are formed in a particular context and are often not acquired or recalled in isolation1-5. Time is a key variable in the organization of memories, as events that are experienced close in time are more likely to be meaningfully associated, whereas those that are experienced with a longer interval are not1-4. How the brain segregates events that are temporally distinct is unclear. Here we show that a delayed (12-24 h) increase in the expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)-an immune receptor that is well known as a co-receptor for HIV infection6,7-after the formation of a contextual memory determines the duration of the temporal window for associating or linking that memory with subsequent memories. This delayed expression of CCR5 in mouse dorsal CA1 neurons results in a decrease in neuronal excitability, which in turn negatively regulates neuronal memory allocation, thus reducing the overlap between dorsal CA1 memory ensembles. Lowering this overlap affects the ability of one memory to trigger the recall of the other, and therefore closes the temporal window for memory linking. Our findings also show that an age-related increase in the neuronal expression of CCR5 and its ligand CCL5 leads to impairments in memory linking in aged mice, which could be reversed with a Ccr5 knockout and a drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that inhibits this receptor, a result with clinical implications. Altogether, the findings reported here provide insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms that shape the temporal window for memory linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miou Zhou
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
| | - Denise Cai
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Department, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Almeida Filho
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giselle Fernandes
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ying Cai
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - André F de Sousa
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Tian
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nury Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deanna Necula
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chengbin Zhou
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuoyi Li
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shelbi Salinas
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Andy Liu
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoman Kang
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masakazu Kamata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ayal Lavi
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tawnie Silva
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Won Do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Alcino J Silva
- Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Psychology Departments and Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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13
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Núñez-Rios DL, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Nagamatsu ST, Andrade-Brito DE, Forero DA, Orozco-Castaño CA, Montalvo-Ortiz JL. Central and Peripheral Immune Dysregulation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Convergent Multi-Omics Evidence. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051107. [PMID: 35625844 PMCID: PMC9138536 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and multifactorial disorder with a prevalence ranging between 6–10% in the general population and ~35% in individuals with high lifetime trauma exposure. Growing evidence indicates that the immune system may contribute to the etiology of PTSD, suggesting the inflammatory dysregulation as a hallmark feature of PTSD. However, the potential interplay between the central and peripheral immune system, as well as the biological mechanisms underlying this dysregulation remain poorly understood. The activation of the HPA axis after trauma exposure and the subsequent activation of the inflammatory system mediated by glucocorticoids is the most common mechanism that orchestrates an exacerbated immunological response in PTSD. Recent high-throughput analyses in peripheral and brain tissue from both humans with and animal models of PTSD have found that changes in gene regulation via epigenetic alterations may participate in the impaired inflammatory signaling in PTSD. The goal of this review is to assess the role of the inflammatory system in PTSD across tissue and species, with a particular focus on the genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics domains. We conducted an integrative multi-omics approach identifying TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) signaling, interleukins, chemokines, Toll-like receptors and glucocorticoids among the common dysregulated pathways in both central and peripheral immune systems in PTSD and propose potential novel drug targets for PTSD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Núñez-Rios
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (D.L.N.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (S.T.N.); (D.E.A.-B.)
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - José J. Martínez-Magaña
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (D.L.N.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (S.T.N.); (D.E.A.-B.)
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Sheila T. Nagamatsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (D.L.N.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (S.T.N.); (D.E.A.-B.)
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Diego E. Andrade-Brito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (D.L.N.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (S.T.N.); (D.E.A.-B.)
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (D.A.F.); (C.A.O.-C.)
| | - Carlos A. Orozco-Castaño
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (D.A.F.); (C.A.O.-C.)
| | - Janitza L. Montalvo-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (D.L.N.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (S.T.N.); (D.E.A.-B.)
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(203)-9325711 (ext. 7491)
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14
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Santos J, Dalla PV, Milthorpe BK. Molecular Dynamics of Cytokine Interactions and Signalling of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Undergoing Directed Neural-like Differentiation. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030392. [PMID: 35330143 PMCID: PMC8948714 DOI: 10.3390/life12030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are a continually expanding area in research and clinical applications. Their usefulness and capacity to differentiate into various cells, particularly neural types, has driven the research area for several years. Neural differentiation has considerable usefulness. There are several successful differentiation techniques of mesenchymal stem cells that employ the use of small molecules, growth factors and commercially available kits and supplements. Phenotyping, molecular biology, genomics and proteomics investigation revealed a wealth of data about these cells during neurogenic differentiation. However, there remain large gaps in the knowledge base, particularly related to cytokines and how their role, drive mechanisms and the downstream signalling processes change with their varied expression throughout the differentiation process. In this study, adult mesenchymal stem cells were induced with neurogenic differentiation media, the cellular changes monitored by live-cell microscopy and the changes in cytokine expression in the intracellular region, secretion into the media and in the extracellular vesicle cargo were examined and analysed bioinformatically. Through this analysis, the up-regulation of key cytokines was revealed, and several neuroprotective and neurotrophic roles were displayed. Statistically significant molecules IFN-G, IL1B, IL6, TNF-A, have roles in astrocyte development. Furthermore, the cytokine bioinformatics suggests the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is upregulated, supporting differentiation toward an astroglial lineage.
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15
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Alachkar A, Agrawal S, Baboldashtian M, Nuseir K, Salazar J, Agrawal A. L-methionine enhances neuroinflammation and impairs neurogenesis: Implication for Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 366:577843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Simmons SJ, Oliver CF, McCloskey NS, Reitz AB, Nayak SU, Watson MN, Rawls SM. Paradoxical anxiolytic effect of the 'bath salt' synthetic cathinone MDPV during early abstinence is inhibited by a chemokine CXCR4 or CCR5 receptor antagonist. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 230:109204. [PMID: 34871976 PMCID: PMC8729820 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors are best known as HIV co-entry receptors, but evidence that CXCR4 or CCR5 blockade reduces rewarding and locomotor-stimulant effects of psychostimulants in rats suggests a role in psychostimulant use disorders. We investigated the impact of CXCR4 or CCR5 receptor antagonism on anxiety-related effects of the synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in the elevated zero-maze (EZM) assay. Rats exposed to a 4-day MDPV binge dosing paradigm and tested 24 or 72 h post-treatment spent more time in the open compartment at the 24-h time point but less time at the 72-h post-binge time point. Daily administration of AMD 3100, a CXCR4 antagonist (10 mg/kg), or maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist (2.5 mg/kg), during MDPV treatment inhibited the MDPV-induced increase in time spent in the open compartment. Neither antagonist affected the MDPV-induced reduction in time spent in the open compartment at the 72-h post-binge time point. Cocaine, administered in the same paradigm as MDPV, did not increase time spent in the open compartment 24-h post-binge, suggesting specificity to MDPV. The present results identify a surprising anxiolytic-like effect of MDPV 24 h after cessation of repeated exposure that is sensitive to chemokine CXCR4 and CCR5 receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Simmons
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chicora F. Oliver
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas S. McCloskey
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allen B. Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center Inc., Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Sunil U. Nayak
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mia N. Watson
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M. Rawls
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zhang S, Zeng J, Zhou Y, Gao R, Rice S, Guo X, Liu Y, Feng P, Zhao Z. Simultaneous Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latent and Lytic Transcripts in Brain Tissue. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914211053505. [PMID: 35164537 PMCID: PMC9171132 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211053505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latent infection in humans. Accumulating studies indicate that HSV-1, a risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases, exacerbates the sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). The analysis of viral genetic materials via genomic sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) is the current approach used for the detection of HSV-1; however, this approach is limited because of its difficulty in detecting both latent and lytic phases of the HSV-1 life cycle in infected hosts. RNAscope, a novel in situ RNA hybridization assay, enables visualized detection of multiple RNA targets on tissue sections. Here, we developed a fluorescent multiplex RNAscope assay in combination with immunofluorescence to detect neuronal HSV-1 transcripts in various types of mouse brain samples and human brain tissues. Specifically, the RNA probes were designed to separately recognize two transcripts in the same brain section: (1) the HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) and (2) the lytic-associated transcript, the tegument protein gene of the unique long region 37 (UL37). As a result, both LAT and UL37 signals were detectable in neurons in the hippocampus and trigeminal ganglia (TG). The quantifications of HSV-1 transcripts in the TG and CNS neurons are correlated with the viral loads during lytic and latent infection. Collectively, the development of combinational detection of neuronal HSV-1 transcripts in mouse brains can serve as a valuable tool to visualize HSV-1 infection phases in various types of samples from AD patients and facilitate our understanding of the infectious origin of neurodegeneration and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianxiong Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuzheng Zhou
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruoyun Gao
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Rice
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinying Guo
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Aramideh JA, Vidal-Itriago A, Morsch M, Graeber MB. Cytokine Signalling at the Microglial Penta-Partite Synapse. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413186. [PMID: 34947983 PMCID: PMC8708012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cell processes form part of a subset of synaptic contacts that have been dubbed microglial tetra-partite or quad-partite synapses. Since tetrapartite may also refer to the presence of extracellular matrix components, we propose the more precise term microglial penta-partite synapse for synapses that show a microglial cell process in close physical proximity to neuronal and astrocytic synaptic constituents. Microglial cells are now recognised as key players in central nervous system (CNS) synaptic changes. When synaptic plasticity involving microglial penta-partite synapses occurs, microglia may utilise their cytokine arsenal to facilitate the generation of new synapses, eliminate those that are not needed anymore, or modify the molecular and structural properties of the remaining synaptic contacts. In addition, microglia–synapse contacts may develop de novo under pathological conditions. Microglial penta-partite synapses have received comparatively little attention as unique sites in the CNS where microglial cells, cytokines and other factors they release have a direct influence on the connections between neurons and their function. It concerns our understanding of the penta-partite synapse where the confusion created by the term “neuroinflammation” is most counterproductive. The mere presence of activated microglia or the release of their cytokines may occur independent of inflammation, and penta-partite synapses are not usually active in a neuroimmunological sense. Clarification of these details is the main purpose of this review, specifically highlighting the relationship between microglia, synapses, and the cytokines that can be released by microglial cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Abbas Aramideh
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Andres Vidal-Itriago
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (A.V.-I.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Morsch
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (A.V.-I.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel B. Graeber
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Iriah SC, Borges C, Shalev U, Cai X, Madularu D, Kulkarni PP, Ferris CF. The utility of maraviroc, an antiretroviral agent used to treat HIV, as treatment for opioid abuse? Data from MRI and behavioural testing in rats. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E548-E558. [PMID: 34625487 PMCID: PMC8526136 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maraviroc is an antiretroviral agent and C-C chemokine coreceptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist that is currently used to treat human immunodeficiency virus. CCR5/μ-opioid receptor heterodimerization suggests that maraviroc could be a treatment for oxycodone abuse. We treated rats with maraviroc to explore its effect on oxycodone-seeking and its interference with the analgesic effects of oxycodone. We used resting-state blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional connectivity to assess the effect of maraviroc on oxycodone-enhanced coupling in the reward circuitry and performed behavioural tests to evaluate the effect of maraviroc on oxycodone rewarding properties and on oxycodone-seeking after prolonged abstinence. METHODS Two groups of rats were exposed to 8 consecutive days of oxycodone-conditioned place preference training and treatment with maraviroc or vehicle. Two additional groups were trained to self-administer oxycodone for 10 days and then tested for drug seeking after 14 days of abstinence with or without daily maraviroc treatment. We tested the effects of maraviroc on oxycodone analgesia using a tail-flick assay. We analyzed resting-state functional connectivity data using a rat 3-dimensional MRI atlas of 171 brain areas. RESULTS Maraviroc significantly decreased conditioned place preference and attenuated oxycodone-seeking behaviour after prolonged abstinence. The analgesic effect of oxycodone was maintained after maraviroc treatment. Oxycodone increased functional coupling with the accumbens, ventral pallidum and olfactory tubercles, but this was reduced with maraviroc treatment. LIMITATIONS All experiments were performed in male rats only. CONCLUSION Maraviroc treatment attenuated oxycodone-seeking in abstinent rats and reduced functional coupling in the reward circuitry. The analgesic effects of oxycodone were not affected by maraviroc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sade C Iriah
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev).
| | - Catarina Borges
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Uri Shalev
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Xuezhu Cai
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Dan Madularu
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Praveen P Kulkarni
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Craig F Ferris
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
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Altered Genes and Biological Functions in Response to Severe Burns. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8836243. [PMID: 34124262 PMCID: PMC8168476 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8836243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe burns are acute wounds caused by local heat exposure, resulting in life-threatening systemic effects and poor survival. However, the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. First, we downloaded gene expression data related to severe burns from the GEO database (GSE19743, GSE37069, and GSE77791). Then, a gene expression analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The molecular mechanism was identified by enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. In addition, STEM software was used to screen for genes persistently expressed during response to severe burns, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify key DEGs. A total of 2631 upregulated and 3451 downregulated DEGs were identified. PPI network analysis clustered these DEGs into 13 modules. Importantly, module genes mostly related with immune responses and metabolism. In addition, we identified genes persistently altered during the response to severe burns corresponding to survival and death status. Among the genes with high area under the ROC curve in the PPI network gene, CCL5 and LCK were identified as key DEGs, which may affect the prognosis of burn patients. Gene set variation analysis showed that the immune response was inhibited and several types of immune cells were decreased, while the metabolic response was enhanced. The results showed that persistent gene expression changes occur in response to severe burns, which may underlie chronic alterations in physiological pathways. Identifying the key altered genes may reveal potential therapeutic targets for mitigating the effects of severe burns.
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21
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Ahearn OC, Watson MN, Rawls SM. Chemokines, cytokines and substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 220:108511. [PMID: 33465606 PMCID: PMC7889725 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Efficacious pharmacotherapies for the treatment of substance use disorders need to be expanded and improved. Non-neuronal cells, particularly astrocytes and microglia, have emerged as therapeutic targets for the development of pharmacotherapies to treat dependence and relapse that accompanies chronic drug use. Cytokines and chemokines are neuroimmune factors expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia that demonstrate promising clinical utility as therapeutic targets for substance use disorders. In this review, we describe a role for cytokines and chemokines in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of alcohol, opioids, and psychostimulants. We also discuss emerging cytokine- and chemokine-based therapeutic strategies that differ from conventional strategies directed toward transporters and receptors within the dopamine, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, and GABA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. Ahearn
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mia N. Watson
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M. Rawls
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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CCL5 promotion of bioenergy metabolism is crucial for hippocampal synapse complex and memory formation. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6451-6468. [PMID: 33931731 PMCID: PMC8760051 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucoregulatory efficiency and ATP production are key regulators for neuronal plasticity and memory formation. Besides its chemotactic and neuroinflammatory functions, the CC chemokine--CCL5 displays neurotrophic activity. We found impaired learning-memory and cognition in CCL5-knockout mice at 4 months of age correlated with reduced hippocampal long-term potentiation and impaired synapse structure. Re-expressing CCL5 in knockout mouse hippocampus restored synaptic protein expression, neuronal connectivity and cognitive function. Using metabolomics coupled with FDG-PET imaging and seahorse analysis, we found that CCL5 participates in hippocampal fructose and mannose degradation, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis as well as glutamate and purine metabolism. CCL5 additionally supports mitochondrial structural integrity, purine synthesis, ATP generation, and subsequent aerobic glucose metabolism. Overexpressing CCL5 in WT mice also enhanced memory-cognition performance as well as hippocampal neuronal activity and connectivity through promotion of de novo purine and glutamate metabolism. Thus, CCL5 actions on glucose aerobic metabolism are critical for mitochondrial function which contribute to hippocampal spine and synapse formation, improving learning and memory.
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Glaser N, Chu S, Hung B, Fernandez L, Wulff H, Tancredi D, ODonnell ME. Acute and chronic neuroinflammation is triggered by diabetic ketoacidosis in a rat model. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:e001793. [PMID: 33318070 PMCID: PMC7737057 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive decline is common in patients with type 1 diabetes and has been attributed to the effects of chronic hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has only recently been suspected to be involved in causing cognitive decline. We hypothesized that DKA triggers both acute and chronic neuroinflammation, contributing to brain injury. RESEARCH METHODS AND DESIGN We measured concentrations of cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in serum and brain tissue lysates in juvenile rats during and after DKA (during acute DKA, 24 hours and 7 days after DKA), and compared these to healthy controls and hyperglycemic controls. We also measured cytokine, chemokine and MMP concentrations in serum and brain tissue of adult rats (70 days) that had experienced DKA as juveniles and compared these measurements to those of adult diabetic rats without exposure to DKA. RESULTS During acute DKA in the juvenile rats, serum concentrations of CCL3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß and MMP-9 were significantly increased. Serum concentrations of IL-2 and IL-17A increased 7 days after DKA recovery. In brain tissue lysates, concentrations of CCL3, CCL5, interferon (IFN)-γ and MMP-9 were significantly elevated during acute DKA. In adult rats that had DKA as juveniles (28 days previously), serum concentrations of IL-1ß and brain concentrations of IL-10 and IL-12p70 were elevated in comparison to diabetic rats without prior DKA. Composite scores for highly correlated cytokines and chemokines (mean z-scores for IL-10, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-17A, IFN-γ, CXCL-1 and CCL5) were also significantly elevated in adult rats with prior DKA. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm that DKA causes acute systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in a rat model. Importantly, the neuroinflammatory response triggered by DKA is long-lasting, suggesting the possibility that DKA-induced chronic neuroinflammation could contribute to long-term cognitive decline in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Glaser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Steven Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Hung
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Luis Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Daniel Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Martha E ODonnell
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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Decreased motor impulsivity following chronic lithium treatment in male rats is associated with reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the orbitofrontal cortex. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:339-349. [PMID: 32688024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium's efficacy in reducing both symptom severity in bipolar disorder (BD) and suicide risk across clinical populations may reflect its ability to reduce impulsivity. Changes in immune markers are associated with BD and suicidality yet their exact role in symptom expression remains unknown. Evidence also suggests that lithium may decrease levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the periphery and central nervous system, and that such changes are related to its therapeutic efficacy. However, issues of cause and effect are hard to infer from clinical data alone. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic dietary lithium treatment on rats' performance of the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5CSRTT), a well-validated operant behavioural task measuring aspects of impulsivity, attention and motivation. Male Long-Evans rats received a diet supplemented with 0.3% LiCl (n = 13), or the equivalent control diet (n = 16), during behavioural testing. Blood and brain tissue samples were assayed for a wide range of cytokines once any changes in impulsivity became significant. After 12 weeks, chronic lithium treatment reduced levels of motor impulsivity, as indexed by premature responses in the 5CSRTT; measures of sustained attention and motivation were unaffected. Plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-10 and RANTES (CCL-5) were reduced in lithium-treated rats at this time point. IL-1β, IL-6 and RANTES were also reduced selectively within the orbitofrontal cortex of lithium-treated rats, whereas cytokine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens were comparable with control subjects. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lithium may improve impulse control deficits in clinical populations by minimising the effects of pro-inflammatory signalling on neuronal activity, particularly within the orbitofrontal cortex.
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Gan P, Ding L, Hang G, Xia Q, Huang Z, Ye X, Qian X. Oxymatrine Attenuates Dopaminergic Neuronal Damage and Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation Through Cathepsin D-Dependent HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Pathway in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:776. [PMID: 32528295 PMCID: PMC7264119 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT), a natural quinoxaline alkaloid extracted from the root of Sophora flavescens, presents amounts of pharmacological properties including immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-virus. Recent studies tend to focus on its effects on neuroinflammation and neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease (PD) due to its profound anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of OMT were investigated in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-stimulated mice and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced mice primary microglia. Additionally, mice primary neuron-microglia co-cultures and primary microglia infected with Cathepsin D (CathD)-overexpressed lentivirus were used to clarify whether the neuroprotective effect of OMT was through a CathD-dependent pathway. Results showed that OMT dose-dependently alleviated MPTP-induced motor deficits and conferred significant dopamine (DA) neuroprotection against MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity. In addition, OMT inhibited MPTP/MPP+-induced microglia activation and the pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Further, OMT down-regulated the expression of CathD, and inhibited the activation of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB both in vivo and in vitro. It is worth noting that overexpression of CathD reversed OMT-targeted inhibition of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling and OMT-produced neuroprotection in reconstituted neuron-microglia co-cultures. Our findings indicated that OMT conferred DA neuroprotection and attenuated microglial-mediated neuroinflammation through CathD-dependent inhibition of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study supports a potential role for OMT in ameliorating PD, and proposes that OMT may be useful in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Lidong Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Guihua Hang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Qiaofang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhimei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Xing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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Soriano S, Moffet B, Wicker E, Villapol S. Serum Amyloid A is Expressed in the Brain After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1199-1211. [PMID: 32060858 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein upregulated in the liver after traumatic brain injury (TBI). So far, it has not been investigated whether SAA expression also occurs in the brain in response to TBI. For this, we performed a moderate controlled cortical impact injury in adult male and female mice and analyzed brain, blood, and liver samples at 6 h, 1, 3, and 10 days post-injury (dpi). We measured the levels of SAA in serum, brain and liver by western blot. We also used immunohistochemical techniques combined with in situ hybridization to determine SAA mRNA and protein expression in the brain. Our results revealed higher levels of SAA in the bloodstream in males compared to females at 6 h post-TBI. Liver and serum SAA protein showed a peak of expression at 1 dpi followed by a decrease at 3 to 10 dpi in both sexes. Both SAA mRNA and protein expression colocalize with astrocytes and macrophages/microglia in the cortex, corpus callosum, thalamus, and hippocampus after TBI. For the first time, here we show that SAA is expressed in the brain in response to TBI. Collectively, SAA expression was higher in males compared to females, and in association with the sex-dependent neuroinflammatory response after brain injury. We suggest that SAA could be a crucial protein associated to the acute neuroinflammation following TBI, not only for its hepatic upregulation but also for its expression in the injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirena Soriano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bridget Moffet
- M.S. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Evan Wicker
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Sonia Villapol
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience in Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Hall FS, Raman D, Tiwari AK. CCR5 and responses to cocaine: Addiction is not just about the brain. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:8-9. [PMID: 31843646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Nayak SU, Cicalese S, Tallarida C, Oliver CF, Rawls SM. Chemokine CCR5 and cocaine interactions in the brain: Cocaine enhances mesolimbic CCR5 mRNA levels and produces place preference and locomotor activation that are reduced by a CCR5 antagonist. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 83:288-292. [PMID: 31557508 PMCID: PMC6906231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor type 5, also known as CCR5 or CD195, is best known as a viral co-receptor that facilitates entry of HIV into cells. Evidence that CCR5 knockout mice display fewer dopamine neurons, lower striatal dopamine levels, and reduced locomotor activation compared to wild types also suggest a link between CCR5 receptors and cocaine dependence. Here, we tested the hypothesis using male Sprague-Dawley rats that cocaine-induced locomotor activation and conditioned place preference (CPP) are inhibited by a FDA-approved CCR5 antagonist (maraviroc), and that CCR5 gene expression in mesolimbic substrates is enhanced by repeated cocaine exposure. Pretreatment with maraviroc (1, 2.5, 5 mg/kg, IP) reduced hyperlocomotion induced by acute cocaine (10 mg/kg) without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity. For CPP experiments, rats conditioned with cocaine (10 mg/kg × 4 days, IP) were injected with maraviroc (1, 2.5, 5 mg/kg, IP) before each injection of cocaine. Maraviroc dose-dependently inhibited development of cocaine CPP, with a dose of 5 mg/kg producing a significant reduction. In rats treated repeatedly with cocaine (10 mg/kg × 4 days, IP), CCR5 gene expression was upregulated in the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area but mRNA levels of CCR5 ligands (i.e., CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5) were not affected. Our results suggest that mesolimbic CCR5 receptors are dysregulated by cocaine exposure and, similar to CXCR4 and CCR2 receptors, influence behavioral effects related to the abuse liability of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil U Nayak
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie Cicalese
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chris Tallarida
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chicora F. Oliver
- Department of Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott M. Rawls
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Neurochemical Characterization of Neurons Expressing Estrogen Receptor β in the Hypothalamic Nuclei of Rats Using in Situ Hybridization and Immunofluorescence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010115. [PMID: 31877966 PMCID: PMC6981915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play an essential role in multiple physiological functions in the brain, including reproductive neuroendocrine, learning and memory, and anxiety-related behaviors. To determine these estrogen functions, many studies have tried to characterize neurons expressing estrogen receptors known as ERα and ERβ. However, the characteristics of ERβ-expressing neurons in the rat brain still remain poorly understood compared to that of ERα-expressing neurons. The main aim of this study is to determine the neurochemical characteristics of ERβ-expressing neurons in the rat hypothalamus using RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) combined with immunofluorescence. Strong Esr2 signals were observed especially in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), bed nucleus of stria terminalis, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus, and medial amygdala, as previously reported. RNAscope ISH with immunofluorescence revealed that more than half of kisspeptin neurons in female AVPV expressed Esr2, whereas few kisspeptin neurons were found to co-express Esr2 in the arcuate nucleus. In the PVN, we observed a high ratio of Esr2 co-expression in arginine-vasopressin neurons and a low ratio in oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing factor neurons. The detailed neurochemical characteristics of ERβ-expressing neurons identified in the current study can be very essential to understand the estrogen signaling via ERβ.
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He L, Xu R, Chen Y, Liu X, Pan Y, Cao S, Xu T, Tian H, Zeng J. Intra-CA1 Administration of Minocycline Alters the Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in Hippocampus of CCI Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:248. [PMID: 31708740 PMCID: PMC6822549 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuanshou Chen
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Youfu Pan
- Department of Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Univerisity, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong Tian
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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31
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Calcium Dyshomeostasis Alters CCL5 Signaling in Differentiated PC12 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9616248. [PMID: 31032369 PMCID: PMC6457283 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9616248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) is the most sensitive cellular calcium detector. It exists in four main isoforms (PMCA1-4), among which PMCA2 and PMCA3 are considered as fast-acting neuron-specific forms. In the brain, PMCA function declines progressively during aging; thereby impaired calcium homeostasis may contribute to some neurodegenerative diseases. These destructive processes can be propagated by proinflammatory chemokines, including chemokine CCL5, which causes phospholipase C-mediated liberation of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum by IP3-gated channels. Methods To mimic the changes in aged neurons we used stable transfected differentiated PC12 cells with downregulated PMCA2 or PMCA3 and analyzed the effect of CCL5 on calcium transients with Fluo-4 reagent. Chemokine receptors were evaluated using Western blot, and IP3 receptors expression level was assessed using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results In PMCA-reduced cell lines, CCL5 released more Ca2+ by IP3-sensitive receptors, and the time required for Ca2+ clearance was significantly longer. Also, in these lines we detected altered expression level of CCR5 and IP3 receptors. Conclusion Although modification of PMCAs composition could provide some protection against calcium overload, reduction of PMCA2 appeared to be more detrimental to the cells than deficiency of PMCA3. Under pathological conditions, including inflammatory CCL5 action and long-lasting Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, insufficient cell protection may result in progressive degeneration and death of neurons.
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Openshaw RL, Kwon J, McColl A, Penninger JM, Cavanagh J, Pratt JA, Morris BJ. JNK signalling mediates aspects of maternal immune activation: importance of maternal genotype in relation to schizophrenia risk. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:18. [PMID: 30691477 PMCID: PMC6350402 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Important insight into the mechanisms through which gene-environmental interactions cause schizophrenia can be achieved through preclinical studies combining prenatal immune stimuli with disease-related genetic risk modifications. Accumulating evidence associates JNK signalling molecules, including MKK7/MAP2K7, with genetic risk. We tested the hypothesis that Map2k7 gene haploinsufficiency in mice would alter the prenatal immune response to the viral mimetic polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (polyI:C), specifically investigating the impact of maternal versus foetal genetic variants. Methods PolyI:C was administered to dams (E12.5), and cytokine/chemokine levels were measured 6 h later, in maternal plasma, placenta and embryonic brain. Results PolyI:C dramatically elevated maternal plasma levels of most cytokines/chemokines. Induction of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α and CXCL3 was enhanced, while CCL5 was suppressed, in Map2k7 hemizygous (Hz) dams relative to controls. Maternal polyI:C administration also increased embryonic brain chemokines, influenced by both maternal and embryonic genotype: CCL5 and CXCL10 levels were higher in embryonic brains from Map2k7 dams versus control dams; for CCL5, this was more pronounced in Map2k7 Hz embryos. Placental CXCL10 and CXCL12 levels were also elevated by polyI:C, the former enhanced and the latter suppressed, in placentae from maternal Map2k7 Hzs relative to control dams receiving polyI:C. Conclusions The results demonstrate JNK signalling as a mediator of MIA effects on the foetus. Since both elevated CXCL10 and supressed CXCL12 compromise developing GABAergic interneurons, the results support maternal immune challenge contributing to schizophrenia-associated neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The influence of Map2k7 on cytokine/chemokine induction converges the genetic and environmental aspects of schizophrenia, and the overt influence of maternal genotype offers an intriguing new insight into modulation of embryonic neurodevelopment by genetic risk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1408-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Openshaw
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, West Medical Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jaedeok Kwon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, West Medical Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alison McColl
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, West Medical Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Yoshida H, Imaizumi T, Matsumiya T, Seya K, Kawaguchi S, Tanaka H. Gnetin C suppresses double-stranded RNA-induced C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL5 production by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway. Biomed Res 2018; 39:231-240. [PMID: 30333430 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.39.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is a prerequisite for biophylactic ability, but its dysregulation can cause inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To determine a safe method of controlling inflammatory reactions in the brain, we examined the effects of gnetin C, a natural resveratrol dimer, on C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL5 (pro-inflammatory chemokines) production observed after treatment with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly IC; a synthetic analog of dsRNA as a Toll-like receptor 3 (TRL3) ligand, 30 μg/mL] in cultured human astrocytoma U373MG and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The addition of gnetin C (10 μM) to the media moderately reduced the CCL2 production and markedly suppressed CCL5 production in both cells. In the TLR3-interferon (IFN)-β-phosphorylated-STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 1)RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I) pathway that mediates CCL2 and CCL5 production, gnetin C first inhibits IFN-β expression in SH-SY5Y cells and primarily inhibits STAT1 phosphorylation in U373MG cells. In any case, gnetin C attenuated the dsRNA-activated TLR3 signaling resulting in CCL2 and CCL5 production, thus, may be useful for controlling TLR3-mediated inflammation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Yoshida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of School Health Science, Faculty of Education
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Dou F, Chu X, Zhang B, Liang L, Lu G, Ding J, Chen S. EriB targeted inhibition of microglia activity attenuates MPP + induced DA neuron injury through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Brain 2018; 11:75. [PMID: 30563578 PMCID: PMC6299497 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that microglia activation is associated with an increased risk for developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). With the progressive and selective degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, proinflammatory cytokines are elevated in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD patients. Thus, anti-inflammation has become one of the therapeutic strategies of PD. Eriocalyxin B (EriB), a diterpenoid isolated from Isodoneriocalyx, was previously reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. MPTP mouse model and MPP+ cell model were prepared to detect the role of EriB in regulating microglia activation and neuron protection. Midbrain tissue and primary cultured microglia and neuron were used to examine microglia activation and neuron damage by immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, western-blot and Elisa assay. Open field activity test was to evaluate the changes of behavioral activity in MPTP-induced PD mouse model. EriB was efficacious in protecting DA neurons by inhibiting microglia activation in PD mice model. Treatment with EriB led to amelioration of disordered sports of PD mice model, which correlated with reduced microglia-associated inflammation and damaged DA neurons. EriB treatment abolished MPP+ induced microglia activation damages to DA neurons in a microglia and DA neurons co-culture system. The underlying mechanism of EriB-induced protective effects involved inhibition of microglia associated proinflammatory cytokines production through the phenotypic shift of microglial cells as well as activator of transcription and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. These findings demonstrate that EriB exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects through selective modulation of microglia activation by targeting NF-κB signaling pathways, thus exerting the protective effect against on MPP+-induced DA neurons injury. This study may provide insights into the promising therapeutic role of EriB for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Dou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinkun Chu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guoqiang Lu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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35
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Duncan DS, Weiner RL, Weitlauf C, Risner ML, Roux AL, Sanford ER, Formichella CR, Sappington RM. Ccl5 Mediates Proper Wiring of Feedforward and Lateral Inhibition Pathways in the Inner Retina. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:702. [PMID: 30369865 PMCID: PMC6194164 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-chemokine Ccl5 and its receptors are constitutively expressed in neurons of the murine inner retina. Here, we examined the functional and structural significance of this constitutive Ccl5 signaling on retinal development. We compared outcomes of electrophysiology, ocular imaging and retinal morphology in wild-type mice (WT) and mice with Ccl5 deficiency (Ccl5-/-). Assessment of retinal structure by ocular coherence tomography and histology revealed slight thinning of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) in Ccl5-/- mice, compared to WT (p < 0.01). Assessment of postnatal timepoints important for development of the INL (P7 and P10) revealed Ccl5-dependent alterations in the pattern and timing of apoptotic pruning. Morphological analyses of major inner retinal cell types in WT, Ccl5-/-, gustducingfp and gustducingfp/Ccl5-/- mice revealed Ccl5-dependent reduction in GNAT3 expression in rod bipolar cells as well as a displacement of their terminals from the IPL into the GCL. RGC dendritic organization and amacrine cell morphology in the IPL was similarly disorganized in Ccl5-/- mice. Examination of the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of RGCs revealed higher spontaneous activity in Ccl5-/- mice that was characterized by higher spiking frequency and a more depolarized resting potential. This hyperactive phenotype could be negated by current clamp and correlated with both membrane resistance and soma area. Overall, our findings identify Ccl5 signaling as a mediator of inner retinal circuitry during development of the murine retina. The apparent role of Ccl5 in retinal development further supports chemokines as trophic modulators of CNS development and function that extends far beyond the inflammatory contexts in which they were first characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Anne S Duncan
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rebecca L Weiner
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carl Weitlauf
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Michael L Risner
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Abigail L Roux
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Emily R Sanford
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cathryn R Formichella
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rebecca M Sappington
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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36
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In-depth characterization of the neuroinflammatory reaction induced by peripheral surgery in an animal model. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1487-1494. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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