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Sanz-Martos AB, Roca M, Plaza A, Merino B, Ruiz-Gayo M, Olmo ND. Long-term saturated fat-enriched diets impair hippocampal learning and memory processes in a sex-dependent manner. Neuropharmacology 2024; 259:110108. [PMID: 39128582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Consumption of saturated fat-enriched diets during adolescence has been closely associated with the reduction of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and the impairment of cognitive function. Nevertheless, the effect of long-term intake of these foods has not yet been studied. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of a treatment, lasting for 40 weeks, with a diet enriched in saturated fat (SOLF) on i) spatial learning and memory, ii) hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity, and iii) hippocampal gene expression levels in aged male and female mice. Our findings reveal that SOLF has a detrimental impact on spatial memory and synaptic plasticity mechanisms, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), and downregulates Gria1 expression specifically in males. In females, SOLF downregulates the gene expression of Gria1/2/3 and Grin1/2A/2B glutamate receptor subunits as well as some proinflammatory interleukins. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex-specific factors when assessing the long-term effects of high-fat diets on cognition and brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Sanz-Martos
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, UNED, C/ Juan del Rosal 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Roca
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, UNED, C/ Juan del Rosal 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Plaza
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, UNED, C/ Juan del Rosal 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Sanz-Martos AB, Roca M, Ruiz-Gayo M, Del Olmo N. Tributyrin reverses the deleterious effect of saturated fat on working memory and synaptic plasticity in juvenile mice: differential effects in males and females. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176726. [PMID: 38852700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids, such as butyric acid, derived from the intestinal fermentation of dietary fiber, have been proposed as a treatment for certain pathologies of the central nervous system. Our research group has shown that tributyrin (TB), a butyric acid prodrug, reverses deficits in spatial memory and modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity. In the present work, diets enriched in either saturated (SOLF; Saturated OiL-enriched Food) or unsaturated (UOLF; Unsaturated OiL-enriched Food) fat were supplied during either 2 h or 8 weeks to 5-week-old male and female mice undergoing a treatment schedule with TB. After the dietary treatment, spatial learning and memory (SLM) was assessed in both the Y-maze and the eight-arm radial maze (RAM). Hippocampal expression of genes involved in glutamatergic transmission as well as synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation -LTP- and long-term depression -LTD-) were also analyzed. Our results show that 2 h of SOLF intake impaired LTP as well as the performance in the Y-Maze in juvenile male mice whereas no effect was found in females. Moreover, TB reversed both effects in SLM and LTP in males. In the case of chronic intake, both SOLF and UOLF deteriorated SLM measured in the RAM in both sexes whereas TB only reversed LTP impairment induced by SOLF in male mice. These results suggest that TB may have a potentially beneficial influence on learning and memory processes, contingent upon the type of diet and the sex of the individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Sanz-Martos
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, UNED, C/ Juan del Rosal 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Roca
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, UNED, C/ Juan del Rosal 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, UNED, C/ Juan del Rosal 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Lv D, Xiao B, Liu H, Wang L, Li Y, Zhang YH, Jin Q. Enhanced NMDA receptor pathway and glutamate transmission in the hippocampal dentate gyrus mediate the spatial learning and memory impairment of obese rats. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:821-831. [PMID: 38416255 PMCID: PMC11033237 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked with the impairment of spatial memory and synaptic plasticity but the molecular mechanisms remained unidentified. Since glutamatergic transmission and NMDA receptor neural pathways in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are essential in the learning and memory, we aimed to investigate glutamate (Glu) and NMDA receptor signaling of DG in spatial learning and memory in diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats. Spatial learning and memory were assessed via Morris water maze (MWM) test on control (Ctr) and DIO rats. Extracellular concentration of Glu in the DG was determined using in vivo microdialysis and HPLC. The protein expressions of NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) in the DG were observed by western blot. Spatial learning and memory were impaired in DIO rats compared to those of Ctr. NR2B expression was increased, while BDNF expression and CaMKII and CREB activation were decreased in DG of DIO rats. Extracellular concentration of Glu was increased in Ctr on the 3rd and 4th days of the MWM test, but significant further increment was observed in DIO rats. Microinjection of an NMDA antagonist (MK-801) into the DG reversed spatial learning and memory impairment. Such effects were accompanied by greater BDNF expression and CaMKII/CREB activation in the DG of DIO rats. In conclusion, the enhancement of Glu-NMDA receptor transmission in the hippocampal DG contributes to the impairment of spatial learning and memory in DIO rats, maybe via the modulation of CaMKII-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Lv
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Huaying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yingshun Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yin Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Ischemia/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Qinghua Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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Altay O, Yang H, Yildirim S, Bayram C, Bolat I, Oner S, Tozlu OO, Arslan ME, Hacimuftuoglu A, Shoaie S, Zhang C, Borén J, Uhlén M, Turkez H, Mardinoglu A. Combined Metabolic Activators with Different NAD+ Precursors Improve Metabolic Functions in the Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:927. [PMID: 38672280 PMCID: PMC11048203 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities are acknowledged as significant factors in the onset of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our research has demonstrated that the use of combined metabolic activators (CMA) may alleviate metabolic dysfunctions and stimulate mitochondrial metabolism. Therefore, the use of CMA could potentially be an effective therapeutic strategy to slow down or halt the progression of PD and AD. CMAs include substances such as the glutathione precursors (L-serine and N-acetyl cysteine), the NAD+ precursor (nicotinamide riboside), and L-carnitine tartrate. METHODS Here, we tested the effect of two different formulations, including CMA1 (nicotinamide riboside, L-serine, N-acetyl cysteine, L-carnitine tartrate), and CMA2 (nicotinamide, L-serine, N-acetyl cysteine, L-carnitine tartrate), as well as their individual components, on the animal models of AD and PD. We assessed the brain and liver tissues for pathological changes and immunohistochemical markers. Additionally, in the case of PD, we performed behavioral tests and measured responses to apomorphine-induced rotations. FINDINGS Histological analysis showed that the administration of both CMA1 and CMA2 formulations led to improvements in hyperemia, degeneration, and necrosis in neurons for both AD and PD models. Moreover, the administration of CMA2 showed a superior effect compared to CMA1. This was further corroborated by immunohistochemical data, which indicated a reduction in immunoreactivity in the neurons. Additionally, notable metabolic enhancements in liver tissues were observed using both formulations. In PD rat models, the administration of both formulations positively influenced the behavioral functions of the animals. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that the administration of both CMA1 and CMA2 markedly enhanced metabolic and behavioral outcomes, aligning with neuro-histological observations. These findings underscore the promise of CMA2 administration as an effective therapeutic strategy for enhancing metabolic parameters and cognitive function in AD and PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Altay
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (H.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.U.)
| | - Hong Yang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (H.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.U.)
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (I.B.)
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (I.B.)
| | - Sena Oner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.O.); (O.O.T.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.O.); (O.O.T.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.O.); (O.O.T.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (H.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.U.)
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (H.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.U.)
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; (O.A.); (H.Y.); (C.Z.); (M.U.)
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
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Bakoyiannis I, Ducourneau EG, N'diaye M, Fermigier A, Ducroix-Crepy C, Bosch-Bouju C, Coutureau E, Trifilieff P, Ferreira G. Obesogenic diet induces circuit-specific memory deficits in mice. eLife 2024; 13:e80388. [PMID: 38436653 PMCID: PMC10911750 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction, including memory deficits. This is particularly worrisome when obesity occurs during adolescence, a maturational period for brain structures critical for cognition. In rodent models, we recently reported that memory impairments induced by obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) intake during the periadolescent period can be reversed by chemogenetic manipulation of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC). Here, we used an intersectional viral approach in HFD-fed male mice to chemogenetically inactivate specific vHPC efferent pathways to nucleus accumbens (NAc) or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during memory tasks. We first demonstrated that HFD enhanced activation of both pathways after training and that our chemogenetic approach was effective in normalizing this activation. Inactivation of the vHPC-NAc pathway rescued HFD-induced deficits in recognition but not location memory. Conversely, inactivation of the vHPC-mPFC pathway restored location but not recognition memory impairments produced by HFD. Either pathway manipulation did not affect exploration or anxiety-like behaviour. These findings suggest that HFD intake throughout adolescence impairs different types of memory through overactivation of specific hippocampal efferent pathways and that targeting these overactive pathways has therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Eva Gunnel Ducourneau
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Mateo N'diaye
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Alice Fermigier
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Celine Ducroix-Crepy
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Clementine Bosch-Bouju
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | | | - Pierre Trifilieff
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077BordeauxFrance
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Lu P, Gao CX, Luo FJ, Huang YT, Gao MM, Long YS. Hippocampal proteomic changes in high-fat diet-induced obese mice associated with memory decline. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109554. [PMID: 38142716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggest that chronic consumption of high-fat diets (HFDs) can lead to obesity, abnormal metabolism, as well as cognitive impairment. Molecular and cellular changes regarding hippocampal dysfunctions have been identified in multiple HFD animal models. Therefore, in-depth identification of expression changes of hippocampal proteins is critical for understanding the mechanism of HFD-induced cognitive deficits. In this study, we fed 3-week-old male mice with HFD for 3 months to generate obese mice who exhibit systemic metabolic abnormality and learning and memory decline. Using an iTRAQ-labeled proteomic analysis, we identified a total of 82 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the hippocampus upon HFD with 35 up-regulated proteins and 47 down-regulated proteins. Functional enrichment indicated that these DEPs were predominantly enriched in regulation of catabolic process, dendritic shaft, neuron projection morphogenesis and GTPase regulator activity. Protein-protein interaction enrichment showed that the DEPs are mostly enriched in postsynaptic functions; and of them, six proteins (i.e., DLG3, SYNGAP1, DCLK1, GRIA4, GRIP1, and ARHGAP32) were involved in several functional assemblies of the postsynaptic density including G-protein signaling, scaffolding and adaptor, kinase and AMPA signaling, respectively. Collectively, our findings suggest that these DEPs upon HFD might contribute to memory decline by disturbing neuronal and postsynaptic functions in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Cun-Xiu Gao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Fei-Jian Luo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Long
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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Viguier C, Bullich S, Botella M, Fasseu L, Alfonso A, Rekik K, Gauzin S, Guiard BP, Davezac N. Impact of physical activity on brain oxidative metabolism and intrinsic capacities in young swiss mice fed a high fat diet. Neuropharmacology 2023; 241:109730. [PMID: 37758019 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and obesity characterized by hallmarks of insulin resistance along with an imbalance in brain oxidative metabolism would impair intrinsic capacities (ICs), a new concept for assessing mental and physical functioning. Here, we explored the impact of physical activity on antioxidant responses and oxidative metabolism in discrete brain areas of HFD or standard diet (STD) fed mice but also its consequences on specific domains of ICs. 6-week-old Swiss male mice were exposed to a STD or a HFD for 16 weeks and half of the mice in each group had access to an activity wheel and the other half did not. As expected HFD mice displayed peripheral insulin resistance but also a persistent inhibition of aconitase activity in cortices revealing an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Animals with access to the running wheel displayed an improvement of insulin sensitivity regardless of the diet factor whereas ROS production remained impaired. Moreover, although the access of the running wheel did not influence mitochondrial biomass, in the oxidative metabolism area, it produced a slight decrease in brain SOD1 and catalase expression notably in HFD fed mice. At the behavioural level, physical exercise produced anxiolytic/antidepressant-like responses and improved motor coordination in both STD and HFD fed mice. However, this non-pharmacological intervention failed to enhance cognitive performance. These findings paint a contrasting landscape about physical exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention for positively orienting the aging trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Viguier
- Remember Team, Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS - University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31 067, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Bullich
- Remember Team, Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS - University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31 067, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlene Botella
- Minding Team, Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS - University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31 067, Toulouse, France; INSPIRE Consortium, France
| | - Laure Fasseu
- Minding Team, Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS - University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31 067, Toulouse, France; INSPIRE Consortium, France
| | - Amélie Alfonso
- Remember Team, Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS - University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31 067, Toulouse, France; INSPIRE Consortium, France
| | - Khaoula Rekik
- Remember Team, Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS - University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31 067, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Gauzin
- Remember Team, Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS - University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31 067, Toulouse, France; INSPIRE Consortium, France
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Remember Team, Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS - University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31 067, Toulouse, France; INSPIRE Consortium, France.
| | - Noélie Davezac
- Minding Team, Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS - University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31 067, Toulouse, France; INSPIRE Consortium, France.
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Usluel G, Acikgoz B, Dalkiran B, Kiray A, Aksu I, Kiray M. The effects of Spirulina platensis on behavior in adolescent rats fed a high-fat diet. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:505-517. [PMID: 37315948 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, childhood overweight and obesity have become a universal public health problem. Obesity may lead to cognitive disorders, depression and anxiety by affecting neuronal processes. Spirulina platensis (SP), a species of microalgae from the Chlorophyceae green algae class, has neuroprotective effects and may reduce body weight. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of SP on behavior alongside the role of leptin and Sirtuin-1 in fed with high-fat diet (HFD) adolescent rats. Four-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into four groups: control, HFD, HFD + SP150 (150 mg/kg/day SP, orally), HFD + SP450 (450 mg/kg/day SP, orally). Rats except for the control group exposed to 60% HFD along 12 weeks. Last 6 weeks SP or vehicle administered. After the behavioral tests, leptin and Sirtuin-1 levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus regions were evaluated. SP150 significantly reduced body weight compared with HFD group. The time spent in the center of open field increased significantly in SP150-treated rats compared with HFD. SP150 and SP450 significantly decreased immobility time in forced swim test compared with HFD. Leptin levels in HFD group were significantly lower in prefrontal cortex compared to control group. Leptin levels of the HFD + SP450 group were significantly higher than HFD group in the hippocampus. There was no significant difference between groups in Sirtuin-1 levels. In conclusion, SP supplementation in adolescence period might positively affect chronic high fat-induced anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior by partially affecting brain leptin levels and without affecting Sirtuin-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Usluel
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Acikgoz
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bahar Dalkiran
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Amac Kiray
- Department of Anatomy, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Aksu
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Kiray
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
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9
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Turkez H, Altay O, Yildirim S, Li X, Yang H, Bayram C, Bolat I, Oner S, Tozlu OO, Arslan ME, Arif M, Yulug B, Hanoglu L, Cankaya S, Lam S, Velioglu HA, Coskun E, Idil E, Nogaylar R, Ozsimsek A, Hacimuftuoglu A, Shoaie S, Zhang C, Nielsen J, Borén J, Uhlén M, Mardinoglu A. Combined metabolic activators improve metabolic functions in the animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sci 2023; 314:121325. [PMID: 36581096 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are associated with metabolic abnormalities. Integrative analysis of human clinical data and animal studies have contributed to a better understanding of the molecular and cellular pathways involved in the progression of NDDs. Previously, we have reported that the combined metabolic activators (CMA), which include the precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and glutathione can be utilized to alleviate metabolic disorders by activating mitochondrial metabolism. METHODS We first analysed the brain transcriptomics data from AD patients and controls using a brain-specific genome-scale metabolic model (GEM). Then, we investigated the effect of CMA administration in animal models of AD and PD. We evaluated pathological and immunohistochemical findings of brain and liver tissues. Moreover, PD rats were tested for locomotor activity and apomorphine-induced rotation. FINDINGS Analysis of transcriptomics data with GEM revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the underlying molecular pathways of AD. In animal models of AD and PD, we showed significant damage in the high-fat diet groups' brain and liver tissues compared to the chow diet. The histological analyses revealed that hyperemia, degeneration and necrosis in neurons were improved by CMA administration in both AD and PD animal models. These findings were supported by immunohistochemical evidence of decreased immunoreactivity in neurons. In parallel to the improvement in the brain, we also observed dramatic metabolic improvement in the liver tissue. CMA administration also showed a beneficial effect on behavioural functions in PD rats. INTERPRETATION Overall, we showed that CMA administration significantly improved behavioural scores in parallel with the neurohistological outcomes in the AD and PD animal models and is a promising treatment for improving the metabolic parameters and brain functions in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Altay
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hong Yang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Sena Oner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seyda Cankaya
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Simon Lam
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Halil Aziz Velioglu
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Neuroimaging Lab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ebru Coskun
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Idil
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Rahim Nogaylar
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozsimsek
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Leone VA, Onishi KG, Kennedy M, Riggle JP, Pierre JF, Maneval AC, Spedale MN, Theriault BR, Chang EB, Prendergast BJ. Atypical behavioral and thermoregulatory circadian rhythms in mice lacking a microbiome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14491. [PMID: 36008471 PMCID: PMC9411200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbial oscillators reside throughout the mammalian body, yet their contributions toward fundamental features of host circadian rhythms (CRs) have not been characterized. Here, we demonstrate that the microbiome contributes to host CRs in activity and thermoregulation. Mice devoid of microbes (germ-free, GF) exhibited higher-amplitude CRs in a light-dark cycle and longer circadian periods in constant darkness. Circadian entrainment to food was greater in GF mice, but resetting responses to simulated jet-lag were unaffected. Microbial transplantation with cecal contents of conventionally-raised mice normalized CRs of GF mice, indicating that the concurrent activity of gut microbes modulates host circadian networks. Obesogenic effects of high-fat diet were absent in GF mice, but some circadian-disruptive effects persisted. Transkingdom (host-microbe) interactions affect circadian period and entrainment of CRs in diverse traits, and microbes alter interactions among light- and food-entrainable circadian processes in the face of environmental (light, diet) perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Leone
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1933 Observatory Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Kenneth G Onishi
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 E 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Megan Kennedy
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan P Riggle
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 E 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrew C Maneval
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 E 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Melanie N Spedale
- Animal Resources Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Betty R Theriault
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Brian J Prendergast
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 E 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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11
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Altered Calcium Permeability of AMPA Receptor Drives NMDA Receptor Inhibition in the Hippocampus of Murine Obesity Models. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4902-4925. [PMID: 35657456 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated that higher consumption of high-fat diets (HFDs) during the juvenile/adolescent period induces altered hippocampal function and morphology; however, the mechanism behind this phenomenon remains elusive. Using high-resolution structural imaging combined with molecular and functional interrogation, a murine model of obesity treated with HFDs for 12 weeks after weaning mice was shown to change in the glutamate-mediated intracellular calcium signaling and activity, including further selective reduction of gray matter volume in the hippocampus associated with memory recall disturbance. Dysregulation of intracellular calcium concentrations was restored by a non-competitive α-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) antagonist, followed by normalization of hippocampal volume and memory recall ability, indicating that AMPARs may serve as an attractive therapeutic target for obesity-associated cognitive decline.
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12
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TLR4 mutation protects neurovascular function and cognitive decline in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:104. [PMID: 35488354 PMCID: PMC9052472 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as a low-grade proinflammatory state in which abnormal metabolic and cardiovascular factors increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and neuroinflammation. Events, such as the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue, increased plasma concentrations of free fatty acids, tissue hypoxia, and sympathetic hyperactivity in MS may contribute to the direct or indirect activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), specifically TLR4, which is thought to be a major component of this syndrome. Activation of the innate immune response via TLR4 may contribute to this state of chronic inflammation and may be related to the neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration observed in MS. In this study, we investigated the role of TLR4 in the brain microcirculation and in the cognitive performance of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MS mice. Methods Wild-type (C3H/He) and TLR4 mutant (C3H/HeJ) mice were maintained under a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for 24 weeks. Intravital video-microscopy was used to investigate the functional capillary density, endothelial function, and endothelial–leukocyte interactions in the brain microcirculation. Plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), adipokines and metabolic hormones were measured with a multiplex immunoassay. Brain postsynaptic density protein-95 and synaptophysin were evaluated by western blotting; astrocytic coverage of the vessels, microglial activation and structural capillary density were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results The HFD-induced MS model leads to metabolic, hemodynamic, and microcirculatory alterations, as evidenced by capillary rarefaction, increased rolling and leukocyte adhesion in postcapillary venules, endothelial dysfunction, and less coverage of astrocytes in the vessels, which are directly related to cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. The same model of MS reproduced in mice deficient for TLR4 because of a genetic mutation does not generate such changes. Furthermore, the comparison of wild-type mice fed a HFD and a normolipid diet revealed differences in inflammation in the cerebral microcirculation, possibly related to lower TLR4 activation. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that TLR4 is involved in the microvascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation associated with HFD-induced MS and possibly has a causal role in the development of cognitive decline. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02465-3.
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13
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Vindas-Smith R, Quesada D, Hernández-Solano MI, Castro M, Sequeira-Cordero A, Fornaguera J, Gómez G, Brenes JC. Fat intake and obesity-related parameters predict striatal BDNF gene expression and dopamine metabolite levels in cafeteria diet-fed rats. Neuroscience 2022; 491:225-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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15
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Short high fat diet triggers reversible and region specific effects in DCX + hippocampal immature neurons of adolescent male mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21499. [PMID: 34728755 PMCID: PMC8563989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence represents a crucial period for maturation of brain structures involved in cognition. Early in life unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with inferior cognitive outcomes at later ages; conversely, healthy diet is associated with better cognitive results. In this study we analyzed the effects of a short period of hypercaloric diet on newborn hippocampal doublecortin+ (DCX) immature neurons in adolescent mice. Male mice received high fat diet (HFD) or control low fat diet (LFD) from the 5th week of age for 1 or 2 weeks, or 1 week HFD followed by 1 week LFD. After diet supply, mice were either perfused for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis or their hippocampi were dissected for biochemical assays. Detailed morphometric analysis was performed in DCX+ cells that displayed features of immature neurons. We report that 1 week-HFD was sufficient to dramatically reduce dendritic tree complexity of DCX+ cells. This effect occurred specifically in dorsal and not ventral hippocampus and correlated with reduced BDNF expression levels in dorsal hippocampus. Both structural and biochemical changes were reversed by a return to LFD. Altogether these studies increase our current knowledge on potential consequences of hypercaloric diet on brain and in particular on dorsal hippocampal neuroplasticity.
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16
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Saturated and unsaturated fat diets impair hippocampal glutamatergic transmission in adolescent mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105429. [PMID: 34624673 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) has been associated with neuronal plasticity deficits and cognitive disorders linked to the alteration of glutamatergic disorders in the hippocampus. As young individuals are especially vulnerable to the effects of nutrients and xenobiotics on cognition, we studied the effect of chronic consumption of saturated (SOLF) and unsaturated oil-enriched foods (UOLF) on: i) spatial memory; ii) hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity; and iii) gene expression of glutamatergic receptors and hormone receptors in the hippocampus of adolescent and adult mice. Our results show that both SOLF and UOLF impair spatial short-term memory. Accordingly, hippocampal synaptic plasticity mechanisms underlying memory, and gene expression of NMDA receptor subunits are modulated by both diets. On the other hand, PPARγ gene expression is specifically down-regulated in adolescent SOLF individuals and up-regulated in adult UOLF mice.
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17
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Lorena FB, do Nascimento BPP, Camargo ELRA, Bernardi MM, Fukushima AR, do N Panizza J, de B Nogueira P, Brandão MES, Ribeiro MO. Long-term obesity is associated with depression and neuroinflammation. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2021; 65:537-548. [PMID: 34714995 PMCID: PMC10528574 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic, low-intensity systemic inflammation frequently associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. METHODS Given that chronic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders, we investigated if chronic obesity that was initiated early in life - lasting through adulthood - could be more harmful to memory impairment and mood fluctuations such as depression. RESULTS Here we show that pre-pubertal male rats (30 days old) treated with a high-fat diet (40%) for 8-months gained ~50% more weight when compared to controls, exhibited depression and anxiety-like behaviors but no memory impairment. The prefrontal cortex of the obese rats exhibited an increase in the expression of genes related to inflammatory response, such as NFKb, MMP9, CCl2, PPARb, and PPARg. There were no alterations in genes known to be related to depression. CONCLUSION Long-lasting obesity with onset in prepuberal age led to depression and neuroinflammation but not to memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B Lorena
- Programa de Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Bruna P P do Nascimento
- Programa de Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Esther L R A Camargo
- Programa de Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Pesquisa e Extensão, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde IGESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria M Bernardi
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - André R Fukushima
- Departamento de Pesquisa e Extensão, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde IGESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Julia do N Panizza
- Programa de Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Paula de B Nogueira
- Programa de Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marllos E S Brandão
- Programa de Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Pesquisa e Extensão, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde IGESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Programa de Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
- Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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18
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McLean SL, Yun H, Tedder A, Helfer G. The effect of photoperiod and high fat diet on the cognitive response in photoperiod-sensitive F344 rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 239:113496. [PMID: 34118272 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In many species, seasonal changes in day length (photoperiod) have profound effects on physiology and behavior. In humans, these include cognitive function and mood. Here we investigated the effect of photoperiod and high fat diets on cognitive deficits, as measured by novel object recognition, in the photoperiod-sensitive F344 rat, which exhibits marked natural changes in growth, body weight and food intake in response to photoperiod. 32 male juvenile F344 rats were housed in either long or short photoperiod and fed either a high fat or nutrient-matched chow diet. Rats were tested in the novel object recognition test before photoperiod and diet intervention and re-tested 28 days after intervention. In both tests during the acquisition trials there was no significant difference in exploration levels of the left and right objects in the groups. Before intervention, all groups showed a significant increase in exploration of the novel object compared to the familiar object. However, following the photoperiod and diet interventions the retention trial revealed that only rats in the long photoperiod-chow group explored the novel object significantly more than the familiar object, whereas all other groups showed no significant preference. These results suggest that changing rats to short photoperiod impairs their memory regardless of diet. The cognitive performance of rats on long photoperiod-chow remained intact, whereas the high fat diet in the long photoperiod group induced a memory impairment. In conclusion, our study suggests that photoperiod and high fat diet have an impact on object recognition in photoperiod-sensitive F344 rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L McLean
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Haesung Yun
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Andrew Tedder
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Gisela Helfer
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
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19
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Long-term diet-induced obesity does not lead to learning and memory impairment in adult mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257921. [PMID: 34587222 PMCID: PMC8480843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity arising from excessive dietary fat intake is a risk factor for cognitive decline, dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we studied the effect of long-term high-fat diet (HFD) (24 weeks) and return to normal diet (ND) on behavioral features, microglia and neurons in adult male C57BL/6J mice. Consequences of HFD-induced obesity and dietary changes on general health (coat appearance, presence of vibrissae), sensory and motor reflexes, learning and memory were assessed by applying a phenotypic assessment protocol, the Y maze and Morris Water Maze test. Neurons and microglia were histologically analyzed within the mediobasal hypothalamus, hippocampus and frontal motor cortex after long-term HFD and change of diet. Long periods of HFD caused general health issues (coat alterations, loss of vibrissae), but did not affect sensory and motor reflexes, emotional state, memory and learning. Long-term HFD increased the microglial response (increased Iba1 fluorescence intensity, percentage of Iba1-stained area and Iba1 gene expression) within the hypothalamus, but not in the cortex and hippocampus. In neither of these regions, neurodegeneration or intracellular lipid droplet accumulation was observed. The former alterations were reversible in mice whose diet was changed from HFD to ND. Taken together, long periods of excessive dietary fat alone do not cause learning deficits or spatial memory impairment, though HFD-induced obesity may have detrimental consequences for cognitive flexibility. Our data confirm the selective responsiveness of hypothalamic microglia to HFD.
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20
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Setayesh L, Ebrahimi R, Pooyan S, Yarizadeh H, Rashidbeygi E, Badrooj N, Imani H, Mirzaei K. The possible mediatory role of adipokines in the association between low carbohydrate diet and depressive symptoms among overweight and obese women. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257275. [PMID: 34516574 PMCID: PMC8437289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed the possible association between obesity, dietary pattern, and depressive symptoms. Due to the lack of enough data to confirm the association of obesity and depression in the Middle East, here, we aimed to explore the possible mediatory role of adipokines Galectin-3, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in the association between low carbohydrate diet (LCD) and depressive symptoms. METHODS A total of 256 women aged 17-56 years old were grouped based on their LCD score. Depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21) self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the three negative emotional states of stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1. RESULTS No significant difference was observed regarding Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1 levels between the groups with dissimilar adherence to LCD or the groups with different levels of depressive symptoms (P>0.05). However, there was a negative association between LCD score as a covariant and depressive symptoms as an independent variable (P = 0.02) and remarkably, a regression model linear analysis using Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1 as confounding variables indicated the mediatory role of these adipokines in this association (P>0.05). In other words, adipokines eliminated the significance of the relationship between adherence to LCD and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION It seems that higher adherence to LCD is probably associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in obese adults through the mediatory role of adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pooyan
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Yarizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rashidbeygi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Badrooj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Frayre J, Frayre P, Wong I, Mithani A, Bishop S, Mani C, Ponce-Rubio K, Virk R, Morris MJ, Na ES. Perinatal exposure to high fat diet alters expression of MeCP2 in the hypothalamus. Behav Brain Res 2021; 415:113518. [PMID: 34391798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease that is the result of a number of different factors including genetic, environmental, and endocrine abnormalities. Given that monogenic forms of obesity are rare, it is important to identify other mechanisms that contribute to its etiology. Methyl-Cp-G binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a neuroepigenetic factor that binds to methylated regions of DNA to influence transcription. Past studies demonstrate that disruption in MeCP2 function produces obesity in mice. Using a diet-induced obesity mouse model, we show that perinatal exposure to high fat diet significantly decreases MeCP2 protein expression in the hypothalamus of female mice, effects not seen when high fat diet is given to mice during adulthood. Moreover, these effects are seen specifically in a subregion of the hypothalamus known as the arcuate nucleus with females having decreased MeCP2 expression in rostral areas and males having decreased MeCP2 expression in intermediate regions of the arcuate nucleus. Interestingly, mice gain more weight when exposed to high fat diet during adulthood relative to mice exposed to high fat diet perinatally, suggesting that perhaps high fat diet exposure during adulthood may be affecting mechanisms independent of MeCP2 function. Collectively, our data demonstrate that there are developmentally sensitive periods in which MeCP2 expression is influenced by high fat diet exposure and this occurs in a sexually dimorphic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Frayre
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, 304 Administration Dr., Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Priscila Frayre
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, 304 Administration Dr., Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Ida Wong
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, 304 Administration Dr., Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Anusha Mithani
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, 304 Administration Dr., Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Stephanie Bishop
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, 304 Administration Dr., Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Chelsy Mani
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, 304 Administration Dr., Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Karen Ponce-Rubio
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, 304 Administration Dr., Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Ruvaid Virk
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, 304 Administration Dr., Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, 304 Administration Dr., Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Elisa S Na
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, 304 Administration Dr., Denton, TX, USA.
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22
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Rodríguez-Rivera C, Pérez-Ortiz JM, Pook E, Conjaerts N, Alguacil LF, González-Martín C. Clusterin overexpression as a potential neuroprotective response to the pathological effects of high fat dieting on the brain reward system. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112186. [PMID: 33838178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) can lead to pathological changes in the brain underlying several behavioral disturbances (e.g., reward deficiency). To further increase our knowledge of these associations, we studied the sucrose reward and the brain expression of clusterin, a protein that is overexpressed after several kind of brain damaging conditions. C57BL/6J male mice were differentially fed on an HFD or standard chow for 41 days and underwent 11 sucrose place conditioning sessions followed by 4 extinction sessions to monitor the effects of HFD on sucrose reward by means of free choice tests. We quantified clusterin expression by immunochemistry in the nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum and cingulate cortex. HFD tended to provoke a transient potentiation in the acquisition of sucrose-conditioned place preference, but this effect was followed by a much more consistent reduction in sucrose preference, which spontaneously disappeared after 31 days of an HFD with no need for extinction learning. The HFD mice showed higher clusterin expression in the nucleus accumbens but not in the other brain areas studied. The results confirm that HFDs strongly influence the rewarding properties of palatable foods and suggest a direct connection with neurotoxic alterations in the brain reward system tagged by clusterin overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez-Rivera
- Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Ortiz
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Obispo Rafael Torija s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Pook
- Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nina Conjaerts
- Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis F Alguacil
- Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen González-Martín
- Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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Prabhu GS, Prasad K, K G MR, Rai KS. Efficacy of choline and DHA supplements or enriched environment exposure during early adult obesity in mitigating its adverse impact through aging in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2396-2407. [PMID: 33911955 PMCID: PMC8071910 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of choline and DHA or exposure to environmental enrichment in obese adult and aging rats on alterations in body mass index, serum lipid profile and arterial wall changes, despite stopping high fat diet consumption and interventions during adulthood. METHODS 21 day old male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned as Experiment-1 & 2 - PND rats were divided into 4 groups with interventions for 7 months (n = 8/group). NC- Normal control fed normal chow diet; OB- Obese group, fed high fat diet; OB + CHO + DHA- fed high fat diet and oral supplementation of choline, DHA. OB + EE- fed high fat diet along with exposure to enriched environment .Experiment-2 had similar groups and interventions as experiment 1 but for next 5 months were fed normal chow diet without any interventions. Body mass index was assessed and blood was analyzed for serum lipid profile. Common Carotid Artery (CCA) was processed for Haematoxylin and eosin, Verhoff Vangeison stains. Images of tissue sections were analyzed and quantified using image J and tissue quant software. RESULTS In experiment.1, mean body mass index (p < 0.001), serum lipid profile (p < 0.01), thickness of tunica intima (p < 0.05), tunica media (p < 0.01) and percentage of collagen fibers (p < 0.01) of CCA were significantly increased in OB compared to NC. These were significantly attenuated in OB + CHO + DHA and OB + EE compared to OB. In experiment.2, mean body mass index (p < 0.01), serum lipid profile (p < 0.05) and thickness of tunica media of CCA (p < 0.01) were significantly increased in OB compared to NC. In OB + CHO + DHA and OB + EE, significant attenuation was observed in mean body mass index and mean thickness of tunica media compared to same in OB. CONCLUSION Adult obesity has negative impact on body mass index, serum lipid profile and arterial wall structure that persists through aging. Supplementation of choline and DHA or exposure to enriched environment during obesity attenuates these negative impacts through aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S Prabhu
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Keerthana Prasad
- Manipal School of Information Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohandas Rao K G
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiranmai S Rai
- Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
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24
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Alkan I, Altunkaynak BZ, Gültekin Gİ, Bayçu C. Hippocampal neural cell loss in high-fat diet-induced obese rats-exploring the protein networks, ultrastructure, biochemical and bioinformatical markers. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 114:101947. [PMID: 33766576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity, which has become one of the main health problems, results from irregular and unhealthy nutrition. In particular, an increase in the intake of high-fat foods leads to obesity and associated disorders. It is noteworthy to specify that obese individuals have memory problems. This study aims to examine the effects of high-fat diet on hippocampus, with stereological, histopathological methods and STRING bioinformatic tool. METHODS Female Adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 20) were equally divided into control (CONT) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups. The control group was given standard rat pellet feed, while the high-fat diet group was fed with a 40 % fat content for 2 months. Following the feeding program, rats were sacrificed. The collected blood samples were analyzed biochemically to determine the level of oxidative stress while performing a stereological and histopathological examination of the brain tissues. Functional protein-protein networks for BDNF, C-Fos, CAT, LPO, SOD and MPO by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were evaluated. FINDINGS The number of neurons decreased in the HFD group compared to the CONT group. Damage to the histological structure of the hippocampus region; such as degenerate neurons, damaged mitochondria and extended cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum was observed. Although C-Fos level and oxidative stress parameters increased in HFD group, BDNF level decreased. While BDNF and C-Fos were observed in pathways related to neuron death, oxidative stress and memory, BDNF was pronounced in the mitochondria, and C-Fos in the endoplasmic reticulum. DISCUSSION This study shows that changes in both BDNF and C-Fos levels in obesity due to high-fat diet increase oxidative stress and cause neuron damage in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işınsu Alkan
- Dept of Basic Medical Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir Turkey
| | - Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak
- Depts of Histology and Embryology and Physiology Departments, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Okan University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Güldal İnal Gültekin
- Physiology Department, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Okan University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Bayçu
- Histology Department, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Okan University, İstanbul, Turkey
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25
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Naneix F, Bakoyiannis I, Santoyo-Zedillo M, Bosch-Bouju C, Pacheco-Lopez G, Coutureau E, Ferreira G. Chemogenetic silencing of hippocampus and amygdala reveals a double dissociation in periadolescent obesogenic diet-induced memory alterations. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 178:107354. [PMID: 33276069 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In addition to numerous metabolic comorbidities, obesity is associated with several adverse neurobiological outcomes, especially learning and memory alterations. Obesity prevalence is rising dramatically in youth and is persisting in adulthood. This is especially worrying since adolescence is a crucial period for the maturation of certain brain regions playing a central role in memory processes such as the hippocampus and the amygdala. We previously showed that periadolescent, but not adult, exposure to obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) had opposite effects on hippocampus- and amygdala-dependent memory, impairing the former and enhancing the latter. However, the causal role of these two brain regions in periadolescent HFD-induced memory alterations remains unclear. Here, we first showed that periadolescent HFD induced long-term, but not short-term, object recognition memory deficits, specifically when rats were exposed to a novel context. Using chemogenetic approaches to inhibit targeted brain regions, we then demonstrated that recognition memory deficits are dependent on the activity of the ventral hippocampus, but not the basolateral amygdala. On the contrary, the HFD- induced enhancement of conditioned odor aversion specifically requires amygdala activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that HFD consumption throughout adolescence impairs long-term object recognition memory through alterations of ventral hippocampal activity during memory acquisition. Moreover, these results further highlight the bidirectional effects of adolescent HFD on hippocampal and amygdala functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Naneix
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marianela Santoyo-Zedillo
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France; Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo Pacheco-Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico
| | | | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France.
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26
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Pfohl M, DaSilva NA, Marques E, Agudelo J, Liu C, Goedken M, Slitt AL, Seeram NP, Ma H. Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a standardized pomegranate ( Punica granatum) fruit extract in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:499-510. [PMID: 33203257 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1849041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in fats are linked to elevated systemic inflammation, which augments the progression of inflammatory-related disorders including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and neurodegenerative diseases. A phenolic-enriched pomegranate fruit extract (PE) was investigated for its hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in male C57BL/6 mice fed either a high-fat diet or a standard rodent diet with or without 1% of PE for 12 weeks. Mouse livers and hippocampi were evaluated for the expression of genes associated with NAFLD and inflammation by multiplexed gene analysis. PE alleviated diet-induced fatty liver and suppressed hepatic lipid regulating genes including Cd36, Fas, Acot2 and Slc27a1. In addition, PE suppressed gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Il-1α, Il-7, Il-11, Ifnα, Tnfα and Lepr in the hippocampi. Our findings support the protective effects of PE against high-fat diet-induced hepatic and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Pfohl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Nicholas A DaSilva
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Emily Marques
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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27
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Specific Deletion of the Astrocyte Leptin Receptor Induces Changes in Hippocampus Glutamate Metabolism, Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity. Neuroscience 2020; 447:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Bomba M, Granzotto A, Castelli V, Onofrj M, Lattanzio R, Cimini A, Sensi SL. Exenatide Reverts the High-Fat-Diet-Induced Impairment of BDNF Signaling and Inflammatory Response in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:793-810. [PMID: 31256135 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial condition in which, along with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau-related pathology, the synergistic activity of co-morbidity factors promote the onset and progression of the disease. Epidemiological evidence indicates that glucose intolerance, deficits in insulin secretion, or type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participate in increasing cognitive impairment or dementia risk. Insulin plays a pivotal role in the process as the hormone critically regulates brain functioning. GLP-1, the glucagon-like peptide 1, facilitates insulin signaling, regulates glucose homeostasis, and modulates synaptic plasticity. Exenatide is a synthetic GLP-1 analog employed in T2DM. However, exenatide has also been shown to affect the signaling of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptic plasticity, and cognitive performances in animal models. In this study, we tested whether exenatide exerts neuroprotection in a preclinical AD model set to mimic the clinical complexity of the human disease. We investigated the effects of exenatide treatment in 3xTg-AD mice challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). Endpoints of the study were variations in systemic metabolism, insulin and neurotrophic signaling, neuroinflammation, Aβ and tau pathology, and cognitive performances. Results of the study indicate that exenatide reverts the adverse changes of BDNF signaling and the neuroinflammation status of 3xTg-AD mice undergoing HFD without affecting systemic metabolism or promoting changes in cognitive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Bomba
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Alberto Granzotto
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Institute for Mind Impairments and Neurological Disorders - iMIND, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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29
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Habibitabar E, Moridi H, Shateri H, Karimi SA, Salehi I, Komaki A, Sarihi A. Chronic NaHS treatment improves spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory and anxiety-like behavior and decreases oxidative stress in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:380-391. [PMID: 32942011 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive function is impaired by increased consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). Also, HFD consumption can alter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) metabolism. H2S is an important signaling molecule with antioxidant effects that regulates multiple functions in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress changes induced by HFD consumption. Following 11 weeks of HFD regimes in Wistar rats, elevated plus-maze (EPM), Morris water maze (MWM), and passive avoidance learning (PAL) tasks were used to evaluate the anxiety-like behavior and spatial and passive learning and memory, respectively. Daily intraperitoneal injection of NaHS was done during the dietary regimen. Serum and hippocampal oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS)) were measured. We demonstrated that treatment with NaHS ameliorated the impairment in the retrieval of reference memory and passive avoidance learning. Moreover, HFD increased anxiety-like behavior, which was reversed by the administration of NaHS. Additionally, the increase in MDA and TOS and the decrease in TAC induced by HFD in the serum and hippocampus were significantly reduced following administration of NaHS. These results indicate that NaHS could significantly ameliorate HFD-induced spatial and passive learning and memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior, at least in part, via its antioxidant activities. Therefore, the administration of NaHS can provide a therapeutic approach for HFD-induced memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Habibitabar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heresh Moridi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Shateri
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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30
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Altermann Torre V, Machado AG, de Sá Couto-Pereira N, Mar Arcego D, Dos Santos Vieira A, Salerno PSV, Dos Santos Garcia E, Lazzaretti C, Toniazzo AP, Nedel F, Noschang C, Schmitz F, Wyse ATS, Dalmaz C, Krolow R. Consumption of a palatable diet rich in simple sugars during development impairs memory of different degrees of emotionality and changes hippocampal plasticity according to the age of the rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:354-368. [PMID: 32299124 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a chronic palatable diet rich in simple sugars on memory of different degrees of emotionality in male adult rats, and on hippocampal plasticity markers in different stages of development. On postnatal day (PND) 21, 45 male Wistar rats were divided in two groups, according to their diet: (1-Control) receiving standard lab chow or (2-Palatable Diet) receiving both standard chow plus palatable diet ad libitum. At PND 60, behavioral tests were performed to investigate memory in distinct tasks. Hippocampal plasticity markers were investigated at PND 28 in half of the animals, and after the behavioral tests. Palatable diet consumption induced an impairment in memory, aversive or not, and increased Na+ , K+ -ATPase activity, both at PND 28, and in the adulthood. Synaptophysin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and protein kinase B (AKT), and phosphorylated AKT were reduced in the hippocampus at PND 28. However, at PND 75, this diet consumption led to increased hippocampal levels of synaptophysin, spinophilin/neurabin-II, and decreased BDNF and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. These results showed a strongly association of simple sugars-rich diet consumption during the development with memory impairments. Plasticity markers are changed, with results that depend on the stage of development evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Altermann Torre
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gonçalves Machado
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natividade de Sá Couto-Pereira
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danusa Mar Arcego
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Dos Santos Vieira
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Emily Dos Santos Garcia
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Camilla Lazzaretti
- Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Toniazzo
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nedel
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cristie Noschang
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rachel Krolow
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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31
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Prabhu GS, K G Rao M, Rai KS. Hippocampal neural cell degeneration and memory deficit in high-fat diet-induced postnatal obese rats- exploring the comparable benefits of choline and DHA or environmental enrichment. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:1066-1077. [PMID: 32498586 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1773819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Childhood obesity increases risk for neural dysfunctions causing learning and memory deficits. The objective of the study is to identify the effects of high fat diet-induced obesity in postnatal period on serum lipids, memory and neural cell survival in hippocampus and compare the role of choline and DHA or environmental enrichment in attenuating the alterationsMaterials and methods: 21 day postnatal male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned as Normal control [NC] fed normal chow diet, Obesity-induced [OB] fed high fat diet, Obesity-induced fed choline & DHA [OB + CHO + DHA], Obesity-induced environmental enrichment [OB + EE] [n = 8/group]. Memory was assessed using radial arm maze. Subsequently blood was collected for serum lipid analysis and rats were euthanized. 5 µm hippocampal sections were processed for cresyl-violet stain. Surviving neural cells were counted using 100 µm scale.Results: Memory errors were significantly higher [p < 0.001, 0.01] in OB compared to same in NC rats. Mean number of surviving neural cells in hippocampus of OB was significantly lesser [p < 0.01] compared to same in NC. Interventions in OB + CHO + DHA and OB + EE significantly attenuated [p < 0.01] memory errors and number of surviving neural cells in hippocampus [CA1, CA3 and DG] compared to same in OB. Moreover, hippocampal neural cell survival was found to be inversely related to serum lipid profile in OB group and was attenuated in OB + CHO + DHA and OB + EE rats.Conclusions: High fat diet-induced postnatal obesity in rats causes CA1/CA3 hippocampal neuro-degeneration and memory deficits. Supplementation of choline and DHA in obese rats attenuates these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S Prabhu
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College [Manipal campus], Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohandas K G Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College [Manipal campus], Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiranmai S Rai
- Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College [Manipal campus], Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Ruiz-Gayo M, Olmo ND. Interaction Between Circadian Rhythms, Energy Metabolism, and Cognitive Function. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2416-2425. [PMID: 32156228 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200310145006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between meal timing and light regulates circadian rhythms in mammals and not only determines the sleep-wake pattern but also the activity of the endocrine system. Related with that, the necessity to fulfill energy needs is a driving force that requires the participation of cognitive skills whose performance has been shown to undergo circadian variations. These facts have led to the concept that cognition and feeding behaviour can be analysed from a chronobiological perspective. In this context, research carried out during the last two decades has evidenced the link between feeding behaviour/nutritional habits and cognitive processes, and has highlighted the impact of circadian disorders on cognitive decline. All that has allowed hypothesizing a tight relationship between nutritional factors, chronobiology, and cognition. In this connection, experimental diets containing elevated amounts of fat and sugar (high-fat diets; HFDs) have been shown to alter in rodents the circadian distribution of meals, and to have a negative impact on cognition and motivational aspects of behaviour that disappear when animals are forced to adhere to a standard temporal eating pattern. In this review, we will present relevant studies focussing on the effect of HFDs on cognitive aspects of behaviour, paying particular attention to the influence that chronobiological alterations caused by these diets may have on hippocampaldependent cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria D Olmo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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The effect of high fat, high sugar, and combined high fat-high sugar diets on spatial learning and memory in rodents: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:399-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Buie JJ, Watson LS, Smith CJ, Sims-Robinson C. Obesity-related cognitive impairment: The role of endothelial dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104580. [PMID: 31454547 PMCID: PMC6834913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic associated with macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction has recently emerged as a significant risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. In this review, we present evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supporting a role for obesity in cognitive impairment. Next, we discuss how obesity-related hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis lead to cognitive impairment through induction of endothelial dysfunction and disruption of the blood brain barrier. Finally, we outline the potential clinical utility of dietary interventions, exercise, and bariatric surgery in circumventing the impacts of obesity on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Jones Buie
- WISSDOM Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Luke S Watson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Crystal J Smith
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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The Novel Perspectives of Adipokines on Brain Health. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225638. [PMID: 31718027 PMCID: PMC6887733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
First seen as a fat-storage tissue, the adipose tissue is considered as a critical player in the endocrine system. Precisely, adipose tissue can produce an array of bioactive factors, including cytokines, lipids, and extracellular vesicles, which target various systemic organ systems to regulate metabolism, homeostasis, and immune response. The global effects of adipokines on metabolic events are well defined, but their impacts on brain function and pathology remain poorly defined. Receptors of adipokines are widely expressed in the brain. Mounting evidence has shown that leptin and adiponectin can cross the blood–brain barrier, while evidence for newly identified adipokines is limited. Significantly, adipocyte secretion is liable to nutritional and metabolic states, where defective circuitry, impaired neuroplasticity, and elevated neuroinflammation are symptomatic. Essentially, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties of adipokines underlie their neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, adipocyte-secreted lipids in the bloodstream can act endocrine on the distant organs. In this article, we have reviewed five adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, apelin, visfatin) and two lipokines (palmitoleic acid and lysophosphatidic acid) on their roles involving in eating behavior, neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors in the brain. Understanding and regulating these adipokines can lead to novel therapeutic strategies to counteract metabolic associated eating disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, thus promote brain health.
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Murray S, Chen EY. Examining Adolescence as a Sensitive Period for High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet Exposure: A Systematic Review of the Animal Literature. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1108. [PMID: 31708722 PMCID: PMC6823907 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest that poor nutrition (e.g., high-fat, high-sugar diets) may lead to impairments in cognitive functioning. Accumulating evidence suggests that the deleterious effects of these diets appear more pronounced in animals maintained on this diet early in life, consistent with the notion that the developing brain may be especially vulnerable to environmental insults. The current paper provides the first systematic review of studies comparing the effects of high-fat, high-sugar diet exposure during adolescence and adulthood on memory performance. The majority of studies (7/8) identified here report diet-induced memory problems when diet exposure began in adolescence but not adulthood. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that adolescence is a sensitive period during which palatable diets may contribute to negative neurocognitive effects. The current review explores putative mechanisms involved in diet-induced cognitive dysfunction and highlights promising areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Murray
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eunice Y Chen
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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