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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Nogalska W, Maszewska Z, Maleszka M, Dobroń M, Szary A, Kępa A, Żarowski M, Hojan K, Lukowicz M, Cielecka-Piontek J. The Use of Compounds Derived from Cannabis sativa in the Treatment of Epilepsy, Painful Conditions, and Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5749. [PMID: 38891938 PMCID: PMC11171823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders present a wide range of symptoms and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Cannabis sativa, with its diverse chemical composition, offers potential therapeutic benefits due to its anticonvulsive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Beyond cannabinoids, cannabis contains terpenes and polyphenols, which synergistically enhance its pharmacological effects. Various administration routes, including vaporization, oral ingestion, sublingual, and rectal, provide flexibility in treatment delivery. This review shows the therapeutic efficacy of cannabis in managing neurological disorders such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric disorders, and painful pathologies. Drawing from surveys, patient studies, and clinical trials, it highlights the potential of cannabis in alleviating symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving overall quality of life for patients. Understanding the diverse therapeutic mechanisms of cannabis can open up possibilities for using this plant for individual patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Wiktoria Nogalska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Zofia Maszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Mateusz Maleszka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Maria Dobroń
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Szary
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kępa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Marcin Żarowski
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewski 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Hojan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swięcickiego 6, 61-847 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Rehabilitation, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Lukowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Konarskiego 13, 05-400 Otwock, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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2
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Waris A, Ullah A, Asim M, Ullah R, Rajdoula MR, Bello ST, Alhumaydhi FA. Phytotherapeutic options for the treatment of epilepsy: pharmacology, targets, and mechanism of action. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1403232. [PMID: 38855752 PMCID: PMC11160429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1403232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common, severe, chronic, potentially life-shortening neurological disorders, characterized by a persisting predisposition to generate seizures. It affects more than 60 million individuals globally, which is one of the major burdens in seizure-related mortality, comorbidities, disabilities, and cost. Different treatment options have been used for the management of epilepsy. More than 30 drugs have been approved by the US FDA against epilepsy. However, one-quarter of epileptic individuals still show resistance to the current medications. About 90% of individuals in low and middle-income countries do not have access to the current medication. In these countries, plant extracts have been used to treat various diseases, including epilepsy. These medicinal plants have high therapeutic value and contain valuable phytochemicals with diverse biomedical applications. Epilepsy is a multifactorial disease, and therefore, multitarget approaches such as plant extracts or extracted phytochemicals are needed, which can target multiple pathways. Numerous plant extracts and phytochemicals have been shown to treat epilepsy in various animal models by targeting various receptors, enzymes, and metabolic pathways. These extracts and phytochemicals could be used for the treatment of epilepsy in humans in the future; however, further research is needed to study the exact mechanism of action, toxicity, and dosage to reduce their side effects. In this narrative review, we comprehensively summarized the extracts of various plant species and purified phytochemicals isolated from plants, their targets and mechanism of action, and dosage used in various animal models against epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ata Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health (CRMH), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rafi Ullah
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Md. Rafe Rajdoula
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen Temitayo Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health (CRMH), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Burch AM, Garcia JD, O'Leary H, Haas A, Orfila JE, Tiemeier E, Chalmers N, Smith KR, Quillinan N, Herson PS. TRPM2 and CaMKII Signaling Drives Excessive GABAergic Synaptic Inhibition Following Ischemia. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1762232024. [PMID: 38565288 PMCID: PMC11079974 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1762-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity and the concurrent loss of inhibition are well-defined mechanisms driving acute elevation in excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance and neuronal cell death following an ischemic insult to the brain. Despite the high prevalence of long-term disability in survivors of global cerebral ischemia (GCI) as a consequence of cardiac arrest, it remains unclear whether E/I imbalance persists beyond the acute phase and negatively affects functional recovery. We previously demonstrated sustained impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal CA1 neurons correlating with deficits in learning and memory tasks in a murine model of cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). Here, we use CA/CPR and an in vitro ischemia model to elucidate mechanisms by which E/I imbalance contributes to ongoing hippocampal dysfunction in male mice. We reveal increased postsynaptic GABAA receptor (GABAAR) clustering and function in the CA1 region of the hippocampus that reduces the E/I ratio. Importantly, reduced GABAAR clustering observed in the first 24 h rebounds to an elevation of GABAergic clustering by 3 d postischemia. This increase in GABAergic inhibition required activation of the Ca2+-permeable ion channel transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2), previously implicated in persistent LTP and memory deficits following CA/CPR. Furthermore, we find Ca2+-signaling, likely downstream of TRPM2 activation, upregulates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity, thereby driving the elevation of postsynaptic inhibitory function. Thus, we propose a novel mechanism by which inhibitory synaptic strength is upregulated in the context of ischemia and identify TRPM2 and CaMKII as potential pharmacological targets to restore perturbed synaptic plasticity and ameliorate cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Burch
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Joshua D Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Heather O'Leary
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Ami Haas
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - James E Orfila
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Erika Tiemeier
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Nicholas Chalmers
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Katharine R Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Dilly GA, Blednov YA, Warden AS, Ezerskiy L, Fleischer C, Plotkin JD, Patil S, Osterndorff-Kahanek EA, Mayfield J, Mayfield RD, Homanics GE, Messing RO. Knockdown of Tlr3 in dorsal striatum reduces ethanol consumption and acute functional tolerance in male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:437-448. [PMID: 38499210 PMCID: PMC11007683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic activation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling using poly(I:C), a TLR3 agonist, drives ethanol consumption in several rodent models, while global knockout of Tlr3 reduces drinking in C57BL/6J male mice. To determine if brain TLR3 pathways are involved in drinking behavior, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate a Tlr3 floxed (Tlr3F/F) mouse line. After sequence confirmation and functional validation of Tlr3 brain transcripts, we injected Tlr3F/F male mice with an adeno-associated virus expressing Cre recombinase (AAV5-CMV-Cre-GFP) to knockdown Tlr3 in the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, or dorsal striatum (DS). Only Tlr3 knockdown in the DS decreased two-bottle choice, every-other-day (2BC-EOD) ethanol consumption. DS-specific deletion of Tlr3 also increased intoxication and prevented acute functional tolerance to ethanol. In contrast, poly(I:C)-induced activation of TLR3 signaling decreased intoxication in male C57BL/6J mice, consistent with its ability to increase 2BC-EOD ethanol consumption in these mice. We also found that TLR3 was highly colocalized with DS neurons. AAV5-Cre transfection occurred predominantly in neurons, but there was minimal transfection in astrocytes and microglia. Collectively, our previous and current studies show that activating or inhibiting TLR3 signaling produces opposite effects on acute responses to ethanol and on ethanol consumption. While previous studies, however, used global knockout or systemic TLR3 activation (which alter peripheral and brain innate immune responses), the current results provide new evidence that brain TLR3 signaling regulates ethanol drinking. We propose that activation of TLR3 signaling in DS neurons increases ethanol consumption and that a striatal TLR3 pathway is a potential target to reduce excessive drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Dilly
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Yuri A Blednov
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Anna S Warden
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Lubov Ezerskiy
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Caleb Fleischer
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Jesse D Plotkin
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Shruti Patil
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | | | - Jody Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - R Dayne Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Gregg E Homanics
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Robert O Messing
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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5
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Wang S, Wang S, Wang Z, Dong J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wang J, Jia B, Luo Y, Yin Y. The changing of α5-GABAA receptors expression and distribution participate in sevoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in young mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14716. [PMID: 38698533 PMCID: PMC11066188 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane is a superior agent for maintaining anesthesia during surgical procedures. However, the neurotoxic mechanisms of clinical concentration remain poorly understood. Sevoflurane can interfere with the normal function of neurons and synapses and impair cognitive function by acting on α5-GABAAR. METHODS Using MWM test, we evaluated cognitive abilities in mice following 1 h of anesthesia with 2.7%-3% sevoflurane. Based on hippocampal transcriptome analysis, we analyzed the differential genes and IL-6 24 h post-anesthesia. Western blot and RT-PCR were performed to measure the levels of α5-GABAAR, Radixin, P-ERM, P-Radixin, Gephyrin, IL-6, and ROCK. The spatial distribution and expression of α5-GABAAR on neuronal somata were analyzed using histological and three-dimensional imaging techniques. RESULTS MWM test indicated that partial long-term learning and memory impairment. Combining molecular biology and histological analysis, our studies have demonstrated that sevoflurane induces immunosuppression, characterized by reduced IL-6 expression levels, and that enhanced Radixin dephosphorylation undermines the microstructural stability of α5-GABAAR, leading to its dissociation from synaptic exterior and resulting in a disordered distribution in α5-GABAAR expression within neuronal cell bodies. On the synaptic cleft, the expression level of α5-GABAAR remained unchanged, the spatial distribution became more compact, with an increased fluorescence intensity per voxel. On the extra-synaptic space, the expression level of α5-GABAAR decreased within unchanged spatial distribution, accompanied by an increased fluorescence intensity per voxel. CONCLUSION Dysregulated α5-GABAAR expression and distribution contributes to sevoflurane-induced partial long-term learning and memory impairment, which lays the foundation for elucidating the underlying mechanisms in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengran Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Sixuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Zhun Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Jinpeng Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityBenxiChina
| | - Beichen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Yiqing Yin
- National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjinChina
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
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Colucci Cante R, Nigro F, Passannanti F, Lentini G, Gallo M, Nigro R, Budelli AL. Gut health benefits and associated systemic effects provided by functional components from the fermentation of natural matrices. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13356. [PMID: 38767859 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in metabolic health, immunity, behavioral balance, longevity, and intestine comfort has been the object of several studies from scientific communities. They were encouraged by a growing interest from food industries and consumers toward novel fermented ingredients and formulations with powerful biological effects, such as pre, pro, and postbiotic products. Depending on the selected strains, the operating conditions, the addition of suitable reagents or enzymes, the equipment, and the reactor configurations, functional compounds with high bioactivity, such as short-chain fatty acids, gamma-aminobutyric acid, bioactive peptides, and serotonin, can be enhanced and/or produced through fermentation of several vegetable matrices. Otherwise, their formation can also be promoted directly in the gut after the dietary intake of fermented foods: In this case, fermentation will aim to increase the content of precursor substances, such as indigestible fibers, polyphenols, some amino acids, and resistant starch, which can be potentially metabolized by endogenous gut microorganisms and converted in healthy molecules. This review provides an overview of the main functional components currently investigated in literature and the associated gut health benefits. The current state of the art about fermentation technology as a promising functionalization tool to promote the direct or indirect formation of gut-health-enhancing components was deepened, highlighting the importance of optimizing microorganism selection, system setups, and process conditions according to the target compound of interest. The collected data suggested the possibility of gaining novel functional food ingredients or products rich in functional molecules through fermentation without performing additional extraction and purification stages, which are needed when conventional culture broths are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Colucci Cante
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Nigro
- I. T. P. Innovation and Technology Provider S.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Passannanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- I. T. P. Innovation and Technology Provider S.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Lentini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Gallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
- I. T. P. Innovation and Technology Provider S.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Nigro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Yuan Z, Pavel MA, Hansen SB. GABA and astrocytic cholesterol determine the lipid environment of GABA AR in cultured cortical neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591395. [PMID: 38746110 PMCID: PMC11092523 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor (GABAAR), a GABA activated pentameric chloride channel, mediates fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. The lipid environment is critical for GABAAR function. How lipids regulate the channel in the cell membrane is not fully understood. Here we employed super resolution imaging of lipids to demonstrate that the agonist GABA induces a rapid and reversible membrane translocation of GABAAR to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) clusters in mouse primary cortical neurons. This translocation relies on nanoscopic separation of PIP2 clusters and lipid rafts (cholesterol-dependent ganglioside clusters). In a resting state, the GABAAR associates with lipid rafts and this colocalization is enhanced by uptake of astrocytic secretions. These astrocytic secretions enhance endocytosis and delay desensitization. Our findings suggest intercellular signaling from astrocytes regulates GABAAR location based on lipid uptake in neurons. The findings have implications for treating mood disorders associated with altered neural excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Yuan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
- Scripps Research Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Science, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Mahmud Arif Pavel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Scott B. Hansen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
- Scripps Research Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Science, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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8
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Phillips S, Chatham JC, McMahon LL. Forskolin reverses the O-GlcNAcylation dependent decrease in GABAAR current amplitude at hippocampal synapses possibly at a neurosteroid site on GABAARs. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4140038. [PMID: 38659738 PMCID: PMC11042418 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4140038/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
GABAergic transmission is influenced by post-translational modifications, like phosphorylation, impacting channel conductance, allosteric modulator sensitivity, and membrane trafficking. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification involving the O-linked attachment of β-N-acetylglucosamine on serine/threonine residues. Previously we reported an acute increase in O-GlcNAcylation elicits a long-term depression of evoked GABAAR inhibitory post synaptic currents (eIPSCs) onto hippocampal principal cells. Importantly, O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation can co-occur or compete for the same residue; whether they interact in modulating GABAergic IPSCs is unknown. We tested this by recording IPSCs from hippocampal principal cells and pharmacologically increased O-GlcNAcylation, before or after increasing serine phosphorylation using the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin. Although forskolin had no significant effect on baseline eIPSC amplitude, we found that a prior increase in O-GlcNAcylation unmasks a forskolin-dependent increase in eIPSC amplitude, reversing the O-GlcNAc-induced eIPSC depression. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase or protein kinase A did not prevent the potentiating effect of forskolin, indicating serine phosphorylation is not the mechanism. Surprisingly, increasing O-GlcNAcylation also unmasked a potentiating effect of the neurosteroids 5α-pregnane-3α,21-diol-20-one (THDOC) and progesterone on eIPSC amplitude, mimicking forskolin. Our findings show under conditions of heightened O-GlcNAcylation, the neurosteroid site on synaptic GABAARs is accessible to agonists, permitting strengthening of synaptic inhibition.
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Phillips S, Chatham JC, McMahon L. Forskolin reverses the O-GlcNAcylation dependent decrease in GABAAR current amplitude at hippocampal synapses possibly through a neurosteroid site on GABAARs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.06.583612. [PMID: 38496430 PMCID: PMC10942432 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
GABAergic transmission is influenced by post-translational modifications, like phosphorylation, impacting channel conductance, allosteric modulator sensitivity, and membrane trafficking. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification involving the O-linked attachment of β-N-acetylglucosamine on serine/threonine residues. Previously we reported an acute increase in O-GlcNAcylation elicits a long-term depression of evoked GABAAR inhibitory post synaptic currents (eIPSCs) onto hippocampal principal cells. Importantly O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation can co-occur or compete for the same residue; whether they interact in modulating GABAergic IPSCs is unknown. We tested this by recording IPSCs from hippocampal principal cells and pharmacologically increased O-GlcNAcylation, before or after increasing serine phosphorylation using the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin. Although forskolin had no significant effect on baseline eIPSC amplitude, we found that a prior increase in O-GlcNAcylation unmasks a forskolin-dependent increase in eIPSC amplitude, reversing the O-GlcNAc-induced eIPSC depression. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase or protein kinase A did not prevent the potentiating effect of forskolin, indicating serine phosphorylation is not the mechanism. Surprisingly, increasing O-GlcNAcylation also unmasked a potentiating effect of the neurosteroids 5α-pregnane-3α,21-diol-20-one (THDOC) and progesterone on eIPSC amplitude, mimicking forskolin. Our findings show under conditions of heightened O-GlcNAcylation, the neurosteroid site on synaptic GABAARs is accessible to agonists, permitting strengthening of synaptic inhibition.
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10
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Dunham TL, Wilkerson JR, Johnson RC, Huganir RL, Volk LJ. Modulation of GABA A receptor trafficking by WWC2 reveals class-specific mechanisms of synapse regulation by WWC family proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.11.584487. [PMID: 38559047 PMCID: PMC10979870 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.584487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
WWC2 (WW and C2 domain-containing protein) is implicated in several neurological disorders, however its function in the brain has yet to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that WWC2 interacts with inhibitory but not excitatory postsynaptic scaffolds, consistent with prior proteomic identification of WWC2 as a putative component of the inhibitory postsynaptic density. Using mice lacking WWC2 expression in excitatory forebrain neurons, we show that WWC2 suppresses GABA A R incorporation into the plasma membrane and regulates HAP1 and GRIP1, which form a complex promoting GABA A R recycling to the membrane. Inhibitory synaptic transmission is dysregulated in CA1 pyramidal cells lacking WWC2. Furthermore, unlike the WWC2 homolog KIBRA (WWC1), a key regulator of AMPA receptor trafficking at excitatory synapses, deletion of WWC2 does not affect synaptic AMPAR expression. In contrast, loss of KIBRA does not affect GABA A R membrane expression. These data reveal unique, synapse class-selective functions for WWC proteins as regulators of ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors and provide insight into mechanisms regulating GABA A R membrane expression.
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11
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Li Y, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Bao C, Lin Z, Chen C, He J, Jin Z, Song L, Zhang M, Guo S, Jiang Y, Zhao Z. Efficacy and safety of Dimdazenil in the adult insomnia patients: a phase II randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group study. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad271. [PMID: 37864827 PMCID: PMC10851847 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Dimdazenil, a positive allosteric modulator with selectivity for α1, α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors, on sleep variables in patients with insomnia disorder. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults (18-65 years) with insomnia disorder were randomized (1:1:1:1 to receive daily oral placebo, Dimdazenil (1.5, 2.5, or 5 mg) for 14 days. The primary efficacy outcome was the total sleep time (TST) on day 1/2 and day 13/14, measured by polysomnography. The secondary outcome measures included (1) latency to persistent sleep (LPS), sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO) and number of awakenings (NAW) on days 1/2 and day 13/14, and (2) the average subjective sleep latency (sSL), total sleep time (sTST), wake after sleep onset (sWASO) and number of awakenings (sNAW) recorded in sleep diary and sleep questionnaire, and the evaluation of insomnia severity index. Rebound insomnia, withdrawal, and treatment-emergent adverse events were also assessed. RESULTS Of 569 patients screened, 288 (76.4% female) were randomized and received one dose. For the primary outcomes, TST was significantly improved in the Dimdazenil 1.5, 2.5, and 5 mg group compared with the placebo group at day 1/2, and significantly improved in the Dimdazenil 2.5 and 5 mg groups compared with the placebo group at day 13/14. The Least Squares Means (standard errors) and 95% Confidence Intervals for the three active doses compared to placebo are 25.5 (8.31), (9.16, 41.89) for the 1.5 mg dose; 17.4 (8.19), (1.29, 33.55) for the 2.5 mg dose; 22.8 (8.15), (6.72, 38.80) for the 5 mg dose on day 1/2. Corresponding data on day 13/14 are 7.6 (8.07), (-8.24, 23.53) and 19.3 (8.06), (3.43, 35.17) and 18.2 (7.95), (2.49, 33.80). LPS was significantly reduced in the Dimdazenil 5 mg group compared with the placebo group on day 1/2. SE was significantly improved in the Dimdazenil 1.5 and 5 mg group compared with the placebo group at day 1/2. In the subjective sleep parameters, sSL on average was significantly lower in the Dimdazenil 1.5, 2.5, and 5 mg groups compared with the placebo group. sTST on average was significantly higher in the Dimdazenil 1.5, 2.5, and 5 mg groups compared with the placebo group. The most common TEAEs were dizziness, vertigo, and weakness with no clinically relevant treatment-related serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Dimdazenil of 1.5, 2.5, and 5 mg improved certain objective and subjective sleep outcomes in people with insomnia disorder, with a favorable safety profile. These findings suggested that Dimdazenil may represent a promising new treatment for insomnia disorder, a prevalent condition with limited effective and safe treatments available. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, multidose, placebo parallel controlled phase II clinical study of EVT201 in the treatment of insomnia disorders (http://www.chinadrugtrials.org), with the number of CTR20150664.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Li
- Neurology Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Shanghai Research Institute, Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- Shanghai Research Institute, Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Cungang Bao
- Shanghai Research Institute, Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaocun Lin
- Shanghai Research Institute, Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Shanghai Research Institute, Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Shanghai Research Institute, Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Jin
- The president's office, Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Shanghai Research Institute, Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Research Institute, Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Sigen Guo
- Shanghai Research Institute, Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Shanghai Research Institute, Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhao
- Neurology Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
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12
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Yang L, Gutierrez DE, Guthrie OW. Systemic health effects of noise exposure. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2024; 27:21-54. [PMID: 37957800 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2280837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Noise, any unwanted sound, is pervasive and impacts large populations worldwide. Investigators suggested that noise exposure not only induces auditory damage but also produces various organ system dysfunctions. Although previous reviews primarily focused on noise-induced cardiovascular and cerebral dysfunctions, this narrow focus has unintentionally led the research community to disregard the importance of other vital organs. Indeed, limited studies revealed that noise exposure impacts other organs including the liver, kidneys, pancreas, lung, and gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the aim of this review was to examine the effects of noise on both the extensively studied organs, the brain and heart, but also determine noise impact on other vital organs. The goal was to illustrate a comprehensive understanding of the systemic effects of noise. These systemic effects may guide future clinical research and epidemiological endpoints, emphasizing the importance of considering noise exposure history in diagnosing various systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Cell & Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel E Gutierrez
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - O'neil W Guthrie
- Cell & Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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13
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Welle TM, Rajgor D, Garcia JD, Kareemo D, Zych SM, Gookin SE, Martinez TP, Dell’Acqua ML, Ford CP, Kennedy MJ, Smith KR. miRNA-mediated control of gephyrin synthesis drives sustained inhibitory synaptic plasticity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.570420. [PMID: 38168421 PMCID: PMC10760056 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.570420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Activity-dependent protein synthesis is crucial for many long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity. However, our understanding of the translational mechanisms controlling inhibitory synapses is limited. One distinct form of inhibitory long-term potentiation (iLTP) enhances postsynaptic clusters of GABAARs and the primary inhibitory scaffold, gephyrin, to promote sustained synaptic strengthening. While we previously found that persistent iLTP requires mRNA translation, the precise mechanisms controlling gephyrin translation during this process remain unknown. Here, we identify miR153 as a novel regulator of Gphn mRNA translation which controls gephyrin protein levels and synaptic clustering, ultimately impacting GABAergic synaptic structure and function. We find that iLTP induction downregulates miR153, reversing its translational suppression of Gphn mRNA and allowing for increased de novo gephyrin protein synthesis and synaptic clustering during iLTP. Finally, we find that reduced miR153 expression during iLTP is driven by an excitation-transcription coupling pathway involving calcineurin, NFAT and HDACs, which also controls the miRNA-dependent upregulation of GABAARs. Overall, this work delineates a miRNA-dependent post-transcriptional mechanism that controls the expression of the key synaptic scaffold, gephyrin, and may converge with parallel miRNA pathways to coordinate gene upregulation to maintain inhibitory synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Welle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
- T.M.W and D.R. contributed equally to this work
| | - Dipen Rajgor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
- T.M.W and D.R. contributed equally to this work
| | - Joshua D. Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Dean Kareemo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Sarah M. Zych
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Sara E. Gookin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Tyler P. Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Mark L. Dell’Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Christopher P. Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Matthew J. Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Katharine R. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045
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14
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Chaudhuri T, Hosur MV. Molecular modelling reveals how abundance of α4 sub-type in synaptic GABAR A receptor can lead to refractoriness toward GABA and BZ-type drugs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37948195 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2277858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder with genetic and acquired causes, and the drugs presently used to treat epilepsy are not effective in about 30% of the cases. Identification of the molecular mechanisms of resistance will help in the development of newer molecules for treatment. Recent clinical data indicate increased expression of α4- and γ2-containing synaptic GABARA receptors in patients of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), which is associated with refractory epilepsy pathology. We have investigated, by molecular modelling and docking, the structure and ligand-binding efficiency of the α4-containing hetero-pentameric synaptic GABARA receptor. Though the overall conformation is similar to that of the α1-containing receptor, local conformational changes are seen due to differences between aligned α1 and α4 sub-type residues. The overlaps ALA209(α1)/PRO215(α4) and PHE73(α1)/TYR79(α4) have together caused conformational changes in ARG100(α4) (aligned with ARG94 in α1) thereby affecting key hydrogen bonding interactions with the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. This may influence the nature of seizures as strength of GABA-binding is known to affect the nature of Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Currents (IPSCs) from GABAergic neurons. The residue ARG135 (α4) aligns with the residue HIS129 (α1) in the benzodiazapine binding pocket. Molecular modelling also shows that a steric clash between benzodiazapine-type (BZ-type) drugs and ARG135 would reduce the binding of BZ-type drugs to α4-containing receptor. These two findings rationalize the observed association between over-expression of α4-containing synaptic GABARA receptors and refractory epilepsy pathology in FCD. The accurate three-dimensional geometry of the receptor-drug complex made available by these modelling studies will help in designing effective drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanusree Chaudhuri
- Department of Natural Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India
| | - M V Hosur
- Department of Natural Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India
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15
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Garcia JD, Wolfe SE, Stewart AR, Tiemeier E, Gookin SE, Guerrero MB, Quillinan N, Smith KR. Distinct mechanisms drive sequential internalization and degradation of GABA ARs during global ischemia and reperfusion injury. iScience 2023; 26:108061. [PMID: 37860758 PMCID: PMC10582478 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic inhibition is critical for controlling neuronal excitability and function. During global cerebral ischemia (GCI), inhibitory synapses are rapidly eliminated, causing hyper-excitability which contributes to cell-death and the pathophysiology of disease. Sequential disassembly of inhibitory synapses begins within minutes of ischemia onset: GABAARs are rapidly trafficked away from the synapse, the gephyrin scaffold is removed, followed by loss of the presynaptic terminal. GABAARs are endocytosed during GCI, but how this process accompanies synapse disassembly remains unclear. Here, we define the precise trafficking itinerary of GABAARs during the initial stages of GCI, placing them in the context of rapid synapse elimination. Ischemia-induced GABAAR internalization quickly follows their initial dispersal from the synapse, and is controlled by PP1α signaling. During reperfusion injury, GABAARs are then trafficked to lysosomes for degradation, leading to permanent removal of synaptic GABAARs and contributing to the profound reduction in synaptic inhibition observed hours following ischemia onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah E. Wolfe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Amber R. Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Erika Tiemeier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sara E. Gookin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mayra Bueno Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katharine R. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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16
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Jean G, Carton J, Haq K, Musto AE. The role of dendritic spines in epileptogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1173694. [PMID: 37601280 PMCID: PMC10433379 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1173694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) disease associated with high morbidity. To date, there is no known disease-modifying therapy for epilepsy. A leading hypothesis for a mechanism of epileptogenesis is the generation of aberrant neuronal networks. Although the underlying biological mechanism is not clear, scientific evidence indicates that it is associated with a hyperexcitable synchronous neuronal network and active dendritic spine plasticity. Changes in dendritic spine morphology are related to altered expression of synaptic cytoskeletal proteins, inflammatory molecules, neurotrophic factors, and extracellular matrix signaling. However, it remains to be determined if these aberrant dendritic spine formations lead to neuronal hyperexcitability and abnormal synaptic connections or whether they constitute an underlying mechanism of seizure susceptibility. Focusing on dendritic spine machinery as a potential target for medications could limit or reverse the development of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Jean
- Medical Program, School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Joseph Carton
- Medical Program, School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Kaleem Haq
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Alberto E. Musto
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
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17
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Nwosu GI, Shen W, Zavalin K, Poliquin S, Randhave K, Flamm C, Biven M, Langer K, Kang JQ. GABA A Receptor β3 Subunit Mutation N328D Heterozygous Knock-in Mice Have Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8458. [PMID: 37176165 PMCID: PMC10179596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) characterized by multiple seizure types, electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, and cognitive decline. Its etiology has a prominent genetic component, including variants in GABRB3 that encodes the GABAA receptor (GABAAR) β3 subunit. LGS has an unknown pathophysiology, and few animal models are available for studying LGS. The objective of this study was to evaluate Gabrb3+/N328D knock-in mice as a model for LGS. We generated a heterozygous knock-in mouse expressing Gabrb3 (c.A982G, p.N238D), a de novo mutation identified in a patient with LGS. We investigated Gabrb3+/N328D mice for features of LGS. In 2-4-month-old male and female C57BL/J6 wild-type and Gabrb3+/N328D mice, we investigated seizure severity using video-monitored EEG, cognitive impairment using a suite of behavioral tests, and profiled GABAAR subunit expression by Western blot. Gabrb3+/N328D mice showed spontaneous seizures and signs of cognitive impairment, including deficits in spatial learning, memory, and locomotion. Moreover, Gabrb3+/N328D mice showed reduced β3 subunit expression in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and thalamus. This phenotype of epilepsy and neurological impairment resembles the LGS patient phenotype. We conclude that Gabrb3+/N328D mice provide a good model for investigating the pathophysiology and therapeutic intervention of LGS and DEEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Ikemefuna Nwosu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wangzhen Shen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kirill Zavalin
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sarah Poliquin
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Karishma Randhave
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carson Flamm
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Marshall Biven
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katherine Langer
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jing-Qiong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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18
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Chun LW, Ramachandran RK, Othman SFF, Has ATC, George A, Mat NH, Suhaimi FW, Nor Hazalin NAM, Hassan Z. Persicaria minor ameliorates the cognitive function of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats: Metabolomic analysis and potential mechanisms. Behav Brain Res 2023; 447:114423. [PMID: 37030545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Persicaria minor (P. minor) is a herbal plant with many uses in food, perfume, and the medical industry. P. minor extract contains flavonoids with antioxidant and anticholinesterase capacity, which could enhance cognitive functions. P. minor extract has been proven to enhance memory. However, its role in an animal model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), which resembles human vascular dementia, has yet to be explored. Therefore, the present study investigates the effects of chronic (14 days) administration of aqueous P. minor extract on different stages of learning and memory processes and the metabolic pathways involved in the chronic cerebral hypoperfused rats induced by the permanent bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries (PBOCCA) surgery. Chronic treatment of P. minor extract at doses of 200 and 300mg/kg, enhanced recognition memory of the PBOCCA rats. P. minor extract (200mg/kg) was also found to restore the spatial memory impairment induced by CCH. A high dose (300mg/kg) of the P. minor extract significantly increased the expression of both ACh and GABA neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. Further, distinctive metabolite profiles were observed in rats with different treatments. Three major pathways involved in the cognitive enhancement mechanism of P. minor were identified. The present findings demonstrated an improving effect of P. minor extract on memory in the CCH rat model, suggesting that P. minor extract could be a potential treatment for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's patients. P. minor is believed to improve cognitive deficits by regulating pathways involved in retinol, histidine, pentose, glucuronate, and CoA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim Wei Chun
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Siti Fatin Farhanah Othman
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Annie George
- Department of Science and Research, Biotropics Malaysia Berhad, Lot 21, Jalan U1/19, Section U1, Hicom-Glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | - Nurul Aqmar Mohamad Nor Hazalin
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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19
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Bryson A, Reid C, Petrou S. Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: GABA A receptor neurotransmission and epilepsy: Principles, disease mechanisms and pharmacotherapy. J Neurochem 2023; 165:6-28. [PMID: 36681890 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder associated with alterations of excitation-inhibition balance within brain neuronal networks. GABAA receptor neurotransmission is the most prevalent form of inhibitory neurotransmission and is strongly implicated in both the pathophysiology and treatment of epilepsy, serving as a primary target for antiseizure medications for over a century. It is now established that GABA exerts a multifaceted influence through an array of GABAA receptor subtypes that extends far beyond simply negating excitatory activity. As the role of GABAA neurotransmission within inhibitory circuits is elaborated, this will enable the development of precision therapies that correct the network dysfunction underlying epileptic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bryson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Reid
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Praxis Precision Medicines, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Altered GABA A Receptor Expression in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Genetic Absence Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415685. [PMID: 36555327 PMCID: PMC9778655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Absence seizures are hyperexcitations within the cortico-thalamocortical (CTC) network, however the underlying causative mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level are still being elucidated and appear to be multifactorial. Dysfunctional feed-forward inhibition (FFI) is implicated as one cause of absence seizures. Previously, we reported altered excitation onto parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons in the CTC network of the stargazer mouse model of absence epilepsy. In addition, downstream changes in GABAergic neurotransmission have also been identified in this model. Our current study assessed whether dysfunctional FFI affects GABAA receptor (GABAAR) subunit expression in the stargazer primary somatosensory cortex (SoCx). Global tissue expression of GABAAR subunits α1, α3, α4, α5, β2, β3, γ2 and δ were assessed using Western blotting (WB), while biochemically isolated subcellular fractions were assessed for the α and δ subunits. We found significant reductions in tissue and synaptic expression of GABAAR α1, 18% and 12.2%, respectively. However, immunogold-cytochemistry electron microscopy (ICC-EM), conducted to assess GABAAR α1 specifically at synapses between PV+ interneurons and their targets, showed no significant difference. These data demonstrate a loss of phasic GABAAR α1, indicating altered GABAergic inhibition which, coupled with dysfunctional FFI, could be one mechanism contributing to the generation or maintenance of absence seizures.
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Exposure to Antibiotics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Could Probiotics Modulate the Gut-Brain Axis? Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121767. [PMID: 36551423 PMCID: PMC9774196 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to develop properly, the brain requires the intricate interconnection of genetic factors and pre-and postnatal environmental events. The gut-brain axis has recently raised considerable interest for its involvement in regulating the development and functioning of the brain. Consequently, alterations in the gut microbiota composition, due to antibiotic administration, could favor the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders. Literature data suggest that the modulation of gut microbiota is often altered in individuals affected by neurodevelopmental disorders. It has been shown in animal studies that metabolites released by an imbalanced gut-brain axis, leads to alterations in brain function and deficits in social behavior. Here, we report the potential effects of antibiotic administration, before and after birth, in relation to the risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. We also review the potential role of probiotics in treating gastrointestinal disorders associated with gut dysbiosis after antibiotic administration, and their possible effect in ameliorating neurodevelopmental disorder symptoms.
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Wollman LB, Flanigan EG, Fregosi RF. Chronic, episodic nicotine exposure alters GABAergic synaptic transmission to hypoglossal motor neurons and genioglossus muscle function at a critical developmental age. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:1483-1500. [PMID: 36350047 PMCID: PMC9722256 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00397.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of GABAergic signaling through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation is critical for neuronal development. Here, we test the hypothesis that chronic episodic developmental nicotine exposure (eDNE) disrupts GABAergic signaling, leading to dysfunction of hypoglossal motor neurons (XIIMNs), which innervate the tongue muscles. We studied control and eDNE pups at two developmentally vulnerable age ranges: postnatal days (P)1-5 and P10-12. The amplitude and frequency of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs, mIPSCs) at baseline were not altered by eDNE at either age. In contrast, eDNE increased GABAAR-α1 receptor expression on XIIMNs and, in the older group, the postsynaptic response to muscimol (GABAA receptor agonist). Activation of nAChRs with exogenous nicotine increased the frequency of GABAergic sIPSCs in control and eDNE neurons at P1-5. By P10-12, acute nicotine increased sIPSC frequency in eDNE but not control neurons. In vivo experiments showed that the breathing-related activation of tongue muscles, which are innervated by XIIMNs, is reduced at P10-12. This effect was partially mitigated by subcutaneous muscimol, but only in the eDNE pups. Taken together, these data indicate that eDNE alters GABAergic transmission to XIIMNs at a critical developmental age, and this is expressed as reduced breathing-related drive to XIIMNs in vivo.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we provide a thorough assessment of the effects of nicotine exposure on GABAergic synaptic transmission, from the cellular to the systems level. This work makes significant advances in our understanding of the impact of nicotine exposure during development on GABAergic neurotransmission within the respiratory network and the potential role this plays in the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance that is thought to be an important mechanism underlying neonatal breathing disorders, including sudden infant death syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Buls Wollman
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Ralph F Fregosi
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Sivakumar S, Ghasemi M, Schachter SC. Targeting NMDA Receptor Complex in Management of Epilepsy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101297. [PMID: 36297409 PMCID: PMC9609646 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and play critical roles in neuronal excitability in the CNS. Both clinical and preclinical studies have revealed that the abnormal expression or function of these receptors can underlie the pathophysiology of seizure disorders and epilepsy. Accordingly, NMDAR modulators have been shown to exert anticonvulsive effects in various preclinical models of seizures, as well as in patients with epilepsy. In this review, we provide an update on the pathologic role of NMDARs in epilepsy and an overview of the NMDAR antagonists that have been evaluated as anticonvulsive agents in clinical studies, as well as in preclinical seizure models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Sivakumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Steven C. Schachter
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Consortia for Improving Medicine with Innovation & Technology (CIMIT), Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (S.C.S.)
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Control of cell surface expression of GABA A receptors by a conserved region at the end of the N-terminal extracellular domain of receptor subunits. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102590. [PMID: 36244453 PMCID: PMC9672411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAARs) represent a family of pentameric GABA-gated Cl-/HCO3- ion channels which mediate inhibitory transmission in the central nervous system. Cell surface expression of GABAARs, a prerequisite for their function, is dependent on the appropriate assembly of the receptor subunits and their transient interactions with molecular chaperones within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Here, we describe a highly conserved amino acid sequence within the extracellular N-terminal domain of the receptor subunits adjoining the first transmembrane domain as a region important for GABAAR processing within the ER. Modifications of this region in the α1, β3, and γ2 subunits using insertion or site-directed mutagenesis impaired GABAAR trafficking to the cell surface in heterologous cell systems although they had no effect on the subunit assembly. We found that mutated receptors accumulated in the ER where they were shown to associate with chaperones calnexin, BiP, and Grp94. However, their surface expression was increased when ER-associated degradation or proteosome function was inhibited, while modulation of ER calcium stores had little effect. When compared to the wt, mutated receptors showed decreased interaction with calnexin, similar binding to BiP, and increased association with Grp94. Structural modeling of calnexin interaction with the wt or mutated GABAAR revealed that disruption in structure caused by mutations in the conserved region adjoining the first transmembrane domain may impair calnexin binding. Thus, this previously uncharacterized region plays an important role in intracellular processing of GABAARs at least in part by stabilizing their interaction with calnexin.
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Hagan DW, Ferreira SM, Santos GJ, Phelps EA. The role of GABA in islet function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:972115. [PMID: 36246925 PMCID: PMC9558271 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.972115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and neurotransmitter that is produced in the islet at levels as high as in the brain. GABA is synthesized by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), of which the 65 kDa isoform (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. Originally described to be released via synaptic-like microvesicles or from insulin secretory vesicles, beta cells are now understood to release substantial quantities of GABA directly from the cytosol via volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC). Once released, GABA influences the activity of multiple islet cell types through ionotropic GABAA receptors and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABA also interfaces with cellular metabolism and ATP production via the GABA shunt pathway. Beta cells become depleted of GABA in type 1 diabetes (in remaining beta cells) and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that loss or reduction of islet GABA correlates with diabetes pathogenesis and may contribute to dysfunction of alpha, beta, and delta cells in diabetic individuals. While the function of GABA in the nervous system is well-understood, the description of the islet GABA system is clouded by differing reports describing multiple secretion pathways and effector functions. This review will discuss and attempt to unify the major experimental results from over 40 years of literature characterizing the role of GABA in the islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Walker Hagan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sandra M. Ferreira
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gustavo J. Santos
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab – I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Molecular Mechanisms of Epilepsy: The Role of the Chloride Transporter KCC2. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1500-1515. [PMID: 35819636 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by abnormal or synchronous brain activity causing seizures, which may produce convulsions, minor physical signs, or a combination of symptoms. These disorders affect approximately 65 million people worldwide, from all ages and genders. Seizures apart, epileptic patients present a high risk to develop neuropsychological comorbidities such as cognitive deficits, emotional disturbance, and psychiatric disorders, which severely impair quality of life. Currently, the treatment for epilepsy includes the administration of drugs or surgery, but about 30% of the patients treated with antiepileptic drugs develop time-dependent pharmacoresistence. Therefore, further investigation about epilepsy and its causes is needed to find new pharmacological targets and innovative therapeutic strategies. Pharmacoresistance is associated to changes in neuronal plasticity and alterations of GABAA receptor-mediated neurotransmission. The downregulation of GABA inhibitory activity may arise from a positive shift in GABAA receptor reversal potential, due to an alteration in chloride homeostasis. In this paper, we review the contribution of K+-Cl--cotransporter (KCC2) to the alterations in the Cl- gradient observed in epileptic condition, and how these alterations are coupled to the increase in the excitability.
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Abdelazez A, Alshehry G, Algarni E, Al Jumayi H, Abdel-Motaal H, Meng XC. Postbiotic Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Camel Milk Intervention as Innovative Trends Against Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Streptozotocin-Induced C57BL/6J Diabetic Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:943930. [PMID: 35898909 PMCID: PMC9313471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.943930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a serious disease that threatens human health worldwide. The study hypothesis is to investigate the novel trends that may aid in the prevention of diabetic complications. Camel milk was presented as traditional functional food, and Lactobacillus brevis KLDS1.0727 and KLDS1.0373 strains were shown to synthesize postbiotic Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential food additive, which can therapeutically intervene against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-induced C57BL/6J mice. During a four-week timeframe, body weight and postprandial blood glucose levels were monitored. Post-euthanasia, blood plasma was obtained to investigate hyperlipidemia, insulin concentrations, liver, and renal functions. The liver, pancreas, kidney, and spleen underwent histopathological examinations. The results demonstrated that KLDS1.0727 and KLDS1.0373 (LACS1, LACS2) and camel milk treatments all had a significant influence on hypoglycemic activity, as evidenced by reduced postprandial blood glucose levels. LACS1, LACS2, and camel milk therapy significantly reduced blood hypolipidemic, and some liver enzymes such as (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase) levels. Therefore, we recommend consuming camel milk regularly and expanding its use with fermented foods containing L. brevis, one of the probiotics capable of producing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as future food additives that can improve human health and reduce the prevalence of several diseases disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Abdelazez
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Agriculture Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Amro Abdelazez,
| | - Garsa Alshehry
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Algarni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al Jumayi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Abdel-Motaal
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Department of Microbiology, Agriculture Research Center, Soils, Water, Environment and Microbiology Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Xiang-Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Xiang-Chen Meng,
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Kang Y, Jamison K, Jaywant A, Dams-O’Connor K, Kim N, Karakatsanis NA, Butler T, Schiff ND, Kuceyeski A, Shah SA. Longitudinal alterations in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor availability over ∼ 1 year following traumatic brain injury. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac159. [PMID: 35794871 PMCID: PMC9253887 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal alterations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor availability following traumatic brain injury have remained uncharacterized and may reflect changes in neuronal structure and function linked to cognitive recovery. We measured GABAA receptor availability using the tracer [11C]flumazenil in nine adults with traumatic brain injury (3–6 months after injury, subacute scan) and in 20 non-brain-injured individuals. A subset of subjects with traumatic brain injury (n = 7) were scanned at a second chronic time-point, 7–13 months after their first scan; controls (n = 9) were scanned for a second time, 5–11 months after the first scan. After accounting for atrophy in subjects with traumatic brain injury, we find broad decreases in GABAA receptor availability predominantly within the frontal lobes, striatum, and posterior-medial thalami; focal reductions were most pronounced in the right insula and anterior cingulate cortex (p < 0.05). Greater relative increase, compared to controls, in global GABAA receptor availability appeared between subacute and chronic scans. At chronic scan (>1 year post-injury), we find increased pallidal receptor availability compared to controls. Conversely, receptor availability remained depressed across the frontal cortices. Longitudinal improvement in executive attention correlated with increases in receptor availability across bilateral fronto-parietal cortical regions and the anterior-lateral aspects of the thalami. The specific observations of persistent bi-frontal lobe reductions and bilateral pallidal elevation are consistent with the anterior forebrain mesocircuit hypothesis for recovery of consciousness following a wide range of brain injuries; our results provide novel correlative data in support of specific cellular mechanisms underlying persistent cognitive deficits. Collectively, these measurements support the use of [11C]flumazenil to track recovery of large-scale network function following brain injuries and measure response to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kang
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University , Washington, DC 20059 , USA
| | - K Jamison
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - A Jaywant
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10065 , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - K Dams-O’Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 , USA
| | - N Kim
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - N A Karakatsanis
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - T Butler
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - N D Schiff
- Department of BMRI & Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - A Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - S A Shah
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
- Department of BMRI & Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10065 , USA
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Tipton AE, Russek SJ. Regulation of Inhibitory Signaling at the Receptor and Cellular Level; Advances in Our Understanding of GABAergic Neurotransmission and the Mechanisms by Which It Is Disrupted in Epilepsy. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:914374. [PMID: 35874848 PMCID: PMC9302637 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.914374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory signaling in the brain organizes the neural circuits that orchestrate how living creatures interact with the world around them and how they build representations of objects and ideas. Without tight control at multiple points of cellular engagement, the brain’s inhibitory systems would run down and the ability to extract meaningful information from excitatory events would be lost leaving behind a system vulnerable to seizures and to cognitive decline. In this review, we will cover many of the salient features that have emerged regarding the dynamic regulation of inhibitory signaling seen through the lens of cell biology with an emphasis on the major building blocks, the ligand-gated ion channel receptors that are the first transduction point when the neurotransmitter GABA is released into the synapse. Epilepsy association will be used to indicate importance of key proteins and their pathways to brain function and to introduce novel areas for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Tipton
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Biomolecular Pharmacology Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Boston University MD/PhD Training Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shelley J. Russek
- Biomolecular Pharmacology Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Boston University MD/PhD Training Program, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Shelley J. Russek,
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Kudryashova IV. Inhibitory Control of Short-Term Plasticity during Paired Pulse Stimulation Depends on Actin Polymerization. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chapman CA, Nuwer JL, Jacob TC. The Yin and Yang of GABAergic and Glutamatergic Synaptic Plasticity: Opposites in Balance by Crosstalking Mechanisms. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:911020. [PMID: 35663370 PMCID: PMC9160301 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.911020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is a critical process that regulates neuronal activity by allowing neurons to adjust their synaptic strength in response to changes in activity. Despite the high proximity of excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic postsynaptic zones and their functional integration within dendritic regions, concurrent plasticity has historically been underassessed. Growing evidence for pathological disruptions in the excitation and inhibition (E/I) balance in neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders indicates the need for an improved, more "holistic" understanding of synaptic interplay. There continues to be a long-standing focus on the persistent strengthening of excitation (excitatory long-term potentiation; eLTP) and its role in learning and memory, although the importance of inhibitory long-term potentiation (iLTP) and depression (iLTD) has become increasingly apparent. Emerging evidence further points to a dynamic dialogue between excitatory and inhibitory synapses, but much remains to be understood regarding the mechanisms and extent of this exchange. In this mini-review, we explore the role calcium signaling and synaptic crosstalk play in regulating postsynaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability. We examine current knowledge on GABAergic and glutamatergic synapse responses to perturbances in activity, with a focus on postsynaptic plasticity induced by short-term pharmacological treatments which act to either enhance or reduce neuronal excitability via ionotropic receptor regulation in neuronal culture. To delve deeper into potential mechanisms of synaptic crosstalk, we discuss the influence of synaptic activity on key regulatory proteins, including kinases, phosphatases, and synaptic structural/scaffolding proteins. Finally, we briefly suggest avenues for future research to better understand the crosstalk between glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tija C. Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Chan JCY, Gorski SM. Unlocking the gate to GABARAPL2. Biol Futur 2022; 73:157-169. [PMID: 35486231 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
GABARAPL2 was initially characterized for its involvement in protein transport and membrane fusion events, but has since gained notoriety for its role in autophagy. GABARAPL2 is frequently studied alongside its GABARAP subfamily members, GABARAP and GABARAPL1. Although functional redundancy exists among the subfamily members, a complex network of molecular interactions, physiological processes and pathologies can be primarily related to GABARAPL2. GABARAPL2 has a multifaceted role, ranging from cellular differentiation to intracellular degradation. Much of what we know about GABARAPL2 is gained through identifying its interacting partners-a list that is constantly growing. In this article, we review both the autophagy-dependent and autophagy-independent roles of GABARAPL2, and emphasize their implications for both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Y Chan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Sharon M Gorski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. .,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada. .,Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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33
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Defining and overcoming the therapeutic obstacles in canine refractory status epilepticus. Vet J 2022; 283-284:105828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Yadav D, Kumar P. Restoration and targeting of aberrant neurotransmitters in Parkinson's disease therapeutics. Neurochem Int 2022; 156:105327. [PMID: 35331828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are considered as a fundamental regulator in the process of neuronal growth, differentiation and survival. Parkinson's Disease (PD) occurs due to extensive damage of dopamine-producing neurons; this causes dopamine deficits in the midbrain, followed by the alternation of various other neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, serotonin, etc.). It has been observed that fluctuation of neurotransmission in the basal ganglia exhibits a great impact on the pathophysiology of PD. Dopamine replacement therapy, such as the use of L-DOPA, can increase the dopamine level, but it majorly ameliorates the motor symptoms and is also associated with long-term complications (for e.g., LID). While the non-dopaminergic system can efficiently target non-motor symptoms, for instance, the noradrenergic system regulates the synthesis of BDNF via the MAPK pathway, which is important in learning and memory. Herein, we briefly discuss the role of different neurotransmitters, implementation of neurotransmitter receptors in PD. We also illustrate the recent advances of neurotransmitter-based drugs, which are currently under in vivo and clinical studies. Reinstating normal neurotransmitter levels has been believed to be advantageous in the treatment of PD. Thus, there is an increasing demand for drugs that can specifically target the neurotransmission system and reinstate the normal levels of neurotransmitters, which might prevent or delay neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Yadav
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi, India; Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi, India; Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, 110042, India.
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Reyes-Alcaraz A, Lucero Garcia-Rojas EY, Merlinsky EA, Seong JY, Bond RA, McConnell BK. A NanoBiT assay to monitor membrane proteins trafficking for drug discovery and drug development. Commun Biol 2022; 5:212. [PMID: 35260793 PMCID: PMC8904512 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Internalization of membrane proteins plays a key role in many physiological functions; however, highly sensitive and versatile technologies are lacking to study such processes in real-time living systems. Here we describe an assay based on bioluminescence able to quantify membrane receptor trafficking for a wide variety of internalization mechanisms such as GPCR internalization/recycling, antibody-mediated internalization, and SARS-CoV2 viral infection. This study represents an alternative drug discovery tool to accelerate the drug development for a wide range of physiological processes, such as cancer, neurological, cardiopulmonary, metabolic, and infectious diseases including COVID-19. Membrane protein trafficking is monitored using split nanoluciferase. Receptor internalization leads to complementation on the early endosome and a bioluminescent response, and is applied to receptor internalization/recycling, antibody-mediated internalization and SARS-CoV2 entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfaxad Reyes-Alcaraz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA.
| | - Emilio Y Lucero Garcia-Rojas
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Merlinsky
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Jae Young Seong
- Korea University, College of Medicine, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seol, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard A Bond
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA.
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Lee HHC, McGinty GE, Pearl PL, Rotenberg A. Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SSADHD): Towards the Development of SSADH-Targeted Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2606. [PMID: 35269750 PMCID: PMC8910003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by inefficient metabolic breakdown of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Pathologic brain accumulation of GABA and γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a neuroactive by-product of GABA catabolism, leads to a multitude of molecular abnormalities beginning in early life, culminating in multifaceted clinical presentations including delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and ataxia. Paradoxically, over half of patients with SSADHD also develop epilepsy and face a significant risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Here, we review some of the relevant molecular mechanisms through which impaired synaptic inhibition, astrocytic malfunctions and myelin defects might contribute to the complex SSADHD phenotype. We also discuss the gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed for the implementation of successful gene and enzyme replacement SSADHD therapies. We conclude with a description of a novel SSADHD mouse model that enables 'on-demand' SSADH restoration, allowing proof-of-concept studies to fine-tune SSADH restoration in preparation for eventual human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H. C. Lee
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (G.E.M.); (A.R.)
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabrielle E. McGinty
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (G.E.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Phillip L. Pearl
- Division of Epilepsy & Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (G.E.M.); (A.R.)
- Division of Epilepsy & Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Verification of Lactobacillus brevis tolerance to simulated gastric juice and the potential effects of postbiotic gamma-aminobutyric acid in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Garcia JD, Gookin SE, Crosby KC, Schwartz SL, Tiemeier E, Kennedy MJ, Dell'Acqua ML, Herson PS, Quillinan N, Smith KR. Stepwise disassembly of GABAergic synapses during pathogenic excitotoxicity. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110142. [PMID: 34936876 PMCID: PMC8824488 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic synaptic inhibition controls neuronal firing, excitability, and synaptic plasticity to regulate neuronal circuits. Following an acute excitotoxic insult, inhibitory synapses are eliminated, reducing synaptic inhibition, elevating circuit excitability, and contributing to the pathophysiology of brain injuries. However, mechanisms that drive inhibitory synapse disassembly and elimination are undefined. We find that inhibitory synapses are disassembled in a sequential manner following excitotoxicity: GABAARs undergo rapid nanoscale rearrangement and are dispersed from the synapse along with presynaptic active zone components, followed by the gradual removal of the gephyrin scaffold, prior to complete elimination of the presynaptic terminal. GABAAR nanoscale reorganization and synaptic declustering depends on calcineurin signaling, whereas disassembly of gephyrin relies on calpain activation, and blockade of both enzymes preserves inhibitory synapses after excitotoxic insult. Thus, inhibitory synapse disassembly occurs rapidly, with nanoscale precision, in a stepwise manner and most likely represents a critical step in the progression of hyperexcitability following excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sara E Gookin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kevin C Crosby
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Samantha L Schwartz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Erika Tiemeier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katharine R Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Abstract
In 1959, E. G. Gray described two different types of synapses in the brain for the first time: symmetric and asymmetric. Later on, symmetric synapses were associated with inhibitory terminals, and asymmetric synapses to excitatory signaling. The balance between these two systems is critical to maintain a correct brain function. Likewise, the modulation of both types of synapses is also important to maintain a healthy equilibrium. Cerebral circuitry responds differently depending on the type of damage and the timeline of the injury. For example, promoting symmetric signaling following ischemic damage is beneficial only during the acute phase; afterwards, it further increases the initial damage. Synapses can be also altered by players not directly related to them; the chronic and long-term neurodegeneration mediated by tau proteins primarily targets asymmetric synapses by decreasing neuronal plasticity and functionality. Dopamine represents the main modulating system within the central nervous system. Indeed, the death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons impairs locomotion, underlying the devastating Parkinson’s disease. Herein, we will review studies on symmetric and asymmetric synapses plasticity after three different stressors: symmetric signaling under acute damage—ischemic stroke; asymmetric signaling under chronic and long-term neurodegeneration—Alzheimer’s disease; symmetric and asymmetric synapses without modulation—Parkinson’s disease.
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Significance of GABA A Receptor for Cognitive Function and Hippocampal Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212456. [PMID: 34830337 PMCID: PMC8623595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a primary area for contextual memory, known to process spatiotemporal information within a specific episode. Long-term strengthening of glutamatergic transmission is a mechanism of contextual learning in the dorsal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area of the hippocampus. CA1-specific immobilization or blockade of α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptor delivery can impair learning performance, indicating a causal relationship between learning and receptor delivery into the synapse. Moreover, contextual learning also strengthens GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptor-mediated inhibitory synapses onto CA1 neurons. Recently we revealed that strengthening of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory synapses preceded excitatory synaptic plasticity after contextual learning, resulting in a reduced synaptic excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) input balance that returned to pretraining levels within 10 min. The faster plasticity at inhibitory synapses may allow encoding a contextual memory and prevent cognitive dysfunction in various hippocampal pathologies. In this review, we focus on the dynamic changes of GABAA receptor mediated-synaptic currents after contextual learning and the intracellular mechanism underlying rapid inhibitory synaptic plasticity. In addition, we discuss that several pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy are characterized by alterations in GABAA receptor trafficking, synaptic E/I imbalance and neuronal excitability.
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Qin J, Wei T, Chen H, Lin X, Qin D, Wei F, Liu P, Ye W, Su J. Salicylate Induced GABAAR Internalization by Dopamine D1-Like Receptors Involving Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Spiral Ganglion Neurons. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e933278. [PMID: 34657931 PMCID: PMC8532520 DOI: 10.12659/msm.933278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium salicylate (SS) induces excitotoxicity of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) by inhibiting the response of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs). Our previous studies have shown that SS can increase the internalization of GABAARs on SGNs, which involves dopamine D1-like receptors (D1Rs) and related signaling pathways. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of D1Rs and their downstream molecule protein kinase C (PKC) in the process of SS inhibiting GABAARs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of D1Rs and GABARγ2 on rat cochlear SGNs cultured in vitro was tested by immunofluorescence. Then, the SGNs were exposed to SS, D1R agonist (SKF38393), D1R antagonist (SCH23390), clathrin/dynamin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor (dynasore), and PKC inhibitor (Bisindolylmaleimide I). Western blotting and whole-cell patch clamp technique were used to assess the changes of surface and total protein of GABARγ2 and GABA-activated currents. RESULTS Immunofluorescence showed that D1 receptors (DRD1) were expressed on SGNs. Data from western blotting showed that SS promoted the internalization of cell surface GABAARs, and activating D1Rs had the same result. Inhibiting D1Rs and PKC decreased the internalization of GABAARs. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation level of GABAARγ2 S327 affected by PKC was positively correlated with the degree of internalization of GABAARs. Moreover, whole-cell patch clamp recording showed that inhibition of D1Rs or co-inhibition of D1Rs and PKC attenuated the inhibitory effect of SS on GABA-activated currents. CONCLUSIONS D1Rs mediate the GABAAR internalization induced by SS via a PKC-dependent manner and participate in the excitotoxic process of SGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyuan Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Tingjia Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Huiying Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Danxue Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Fangyu Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Peiqiang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wenhua Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jiping Su
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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Ghit A, Assal D, Al-Shami AS, Hussein DEE. GABA A receptors: structure, function, pharmacology, and related disorders. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:123. [PMID: 34417930 PMCID: PMC8380214 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background γ-Aminobutyric acid sub-type A receptors (GABAARs) are the most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS. They are a family of ligand-gated ion channel with significant physiological and therapeutic implications. Main body GABAARs are heteropentamers formed from a selection of 19 subunits: six α (alpha1-6), three β (beta1-3), three γ (gamma1-3), three ρ (rho1-3), and one each of the δ (delta), ε (epsilon), π (pi), and θ (theta) which result in the production of a considerable number of receptor isoforms. Each isoform exhibits distinct pharmacological and physiological properties. However, the majority of GABAARs are composed of two α subunits, two β subunits, and one γ subunit arranged as γ2β2α1β2α1 counterclockwise around the center. The mature receptor has a central chloride ion channel gated by GABA neurotransmitter and modulated by a variety of different drugs. Changes in GABA synthesis or release may have a significant effect on normal brain function. Furthermore, The molecular interactions and pharmacological effects caused by drugs are extremely complex. This is due to the structural heterogeneity of the receptors, and the existence of multiple allosteric binding sites as well as a wide range of ligands that can bind to them. Notably, dysfunction of the GABAergic system contributes to the development of several diseases. Therefore, understanding the relationship between GABAA receptor deficits and CNS disorders thus has a significant impact on the discovery of disease pathogenesis and drug development. Conclusion To date, few reviews have discussed GABAA receptors in detail. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the structural, physiological, and pharmacological properties of GABAARs, as well as shedding light on the most common associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ghit
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. .,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Dina Assal
- Department of Biotechnology, American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Al-Shami
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Diaa Eldin E Hussein
- Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Port of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Li Y, Zhu K, Li N, Wang X, Xiao X, Li L, Li L, He Y, Zhang J, Wo J, Cui Y, Huang H, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang X, Zheng Y. Reversible GABAergic dysfunction involved in hippocampal hyperactivity predicts early-stage Alzheimer disease in a mouse model. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:114. [PMID: 34127063 PMCID: PMC8204558 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal hyperactivity related to β-amyloid (Aβ) is considered an early warning sign of Alzheimer disease (AD). Although increasing evidence supports this opinion, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. METHODS Here, we recorded whole-cell synaptic currents and membrane potentials using patch clamping of acute hippocampal slices from human amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 transgenic (5XFAD) mice and their wild-type littermates. Biochemical methods, electron microscopic imaging, behavioral tests, and intraventricular drug delivery applied with osmotic pumps were used in this study. RESULTS We confirmed hyperactivity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in 5XFAD mice using whole-cell electrophysiological recording at 2.5 months old, when local Aβ-positive plaques had not developed and only mild cognitive dysfunction occurred. We further discovered attenuated inhibitory postsynaptic currents and unchanged excitatory postsynaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons, in which the intrinsic excitability was unchanged. Moreover, the density of both γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor subunits, α1 and γ2, was reduced in synapses of the hippocampus in transgenic mice. Intriguingly, early intervention with the GABAA receptor agonist gaboxadol reversed the hippocampal hyperactivity and modestly ameliorated cognitive performance in 5XFAD mice under our experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS Inhibitory postsynaptic disruption critically contributes to abnormalities in the hippocampal network and cognition in 5XFAD mice and possibly in AD. Therefore, strengthening the GABAergic system could be a promising therapy for AD in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
| | - Xuansheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
| | - Linying Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyang Wo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiu Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
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Mele M, Vieira R, Correia B, De Luca P, Duarte FV, Pinheiro PS, Duarte CB. Transient incubation of cultured hippocampal neurons in the absence of magnesium induces rhythmic and synchronized epileptiform-like activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11374. [PMID: 34059735 PMCID: PMC8167095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture models are important tools to study epileptogenesis mechanisms. The aim of this work was to characterize the spontaneous and synchronized rhythmic activity developed by cultured hippocampal neurons after transient incubation in zero Mg2+ to model Status Epilepticus. Cultured hippocampal neurons were transiently incubated with a Mg2+-free solution and the activity of neuronal networks was evaluated using single cell calcium imaging and whole-cell current clamp recordings. Here we report the development of synchronized and spontaneous [Ca2+]i transients in cultured hippocampal neurons immediately after transient incubation in a Mg2+-free solution. Spontaneous and synchronous [Ca2+]i oscillations were observed when the cells were then incubated in the presence of Mg2+. Functional studies also showed that transient incubation in Mg2+-free medium induces neuronal rhythmic burst activity that was prevented by antagonists of glutamate receptors. In conclusion, we report the development of epileptiform-like activity, characterized by spontaneous and synchronized discharges, in cultured hippocampal neurons transiently incubated in the absence of Mg2+. This model will allow studying synaptic alterations contributing to the hyperexcitability that underlies the development of seizures and will be useful in pharmacological studies for testing new drugs for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Mele
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Vieira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Correia
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pasqualino De Luca
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe V Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo S Pinheiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Yoshinaga H, Benitez A, Takeda S, Fournier M, Kugler AR. A Phase 3 open-label study of the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of buccally administered midazolam hydrochloride for the treatment of status epilepticus in pediatric Japanese subjects. Epilepsy Res 2021; 174:106651. [PMID: 34020149 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, intravenous (IV) administration of antiepileptic drugs in a healthcare setting is the preferred treatment option that is both licensed and recommended for initial treatment of status epilepticus (SE). However, prompt conveyance to a healthcare institution and IV access may be difficult in patients experiencing a seizure and so delay treatment. Thus, there is an unmet need for an alternative effective antiepileptic drug with an easier and more rapid mode of administration. In this study we evaluated a midazolam hydrochloride oromucosal solution (MHOS) that can be simply and rapidly administered to patients in SE. METHODS A Phase 3, interventional, multicenter, nonrandomized study was conducted in 28 clinical centers in Japan. Pediatric subjects in convulsive SE received treatment with buccal MHOS with dosage based on their age. The primary efficacy outcome was the percentage of subjects with seizure termination within 10 min and a 30-min absence of visible seizure activity from time of administration. Safety evaluations included respiratory depression and the frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Pharmacokinetic (PK) profile was also assessed. RESULTS The study population comprised 25 subjects with a median age of 2.8 years and median bodyweight of 13.4 kg. The primary efficacy outcome was achieved in 80 % of subjects; 84 % of subjects had seizure resolution within 10 min. Nine subjects experienced a total of 13 TEAEs, and protocol-defined respiratory depression occurred in one subject. Mean maximum plasma midazolam concentration was 78.0 ng/mL, and mean time to peak concentration was 20.5 min, demonstrating that achieving maximum plasma midazolam concentration is not required for seizure cessation. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic profile of MHOS in pediatric Japanese subjects was consistent with that observed in non-Japanese populations. Compared to IV treatments, MHOS offers easier administration which may reduce the time to treatment and thereby minimize the sequelae of prolonged seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Yoshinaga
- National Hospital Organization Minami-Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan.
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Maingret F, Groc L. Characterization of the Functional Cross-Talk between Surface GABA A and Dopamine D5 Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094867. [PMID: 34064454 PMCID: PMC8125140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) plays a major role in fast inhibitory synaptic transmission and is highly regulated by the neuromodulator dopamine. In this aspect, most of the attention has been focused on the classical intracellular signaling cascades following dopamine G-protein-coupled receptor activation. Interestingly, the GABAAR and dopamine D5 receptor (D5R) have been shown to physically interact in the hippocampus, but whether a functional cross-talk occurs is still debated. In the present study, we use a combination of imaging and single nanoparticle tracking in live hippocampal neurons to provide evidence that GABAARs and D5Rs form dynamic surface clusters. Disrupting the GABAAR–D5R interaction with a competing peptide leads to an increase in the diffusion coefficient and the explored area of both receptors, and a drop in immobile synaptic GABAARs. By means of patch-clamp recordings, we show that this fast lateral redistribution of surface GABAARs correlates with a robust depression in the evoked GABAergic currents. Strikingly, it also shifts in time the expression of long-term potentiation at glutamatergic synapses. Together, our data both set the plasma membrane as the primary stage of a functional interplay between GABAAR and D5R, and uncover a non-canonical role in regulating synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Maingret
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5297, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Laurent Groc
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5297, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Okwuofu EO, Ogundepo GE, Akhigbemen AM, Abiola AL, Ozolua RI, Igbe I, Chinazamoku O. Creatine attenuates seizure severity, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in pentylenetetrazole kindled mice. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:571-579. [PMID: 33559804 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy has been associated with several behavioral changes such as depression and anxiety while some antiepileptic drugs can precipitate psychiatric conditions in patients. This study evaluated the ameliorative effect of creatine on seizure severity and behavioral changes in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindled mice. Mice were kindled by administering sub-convulsive doses of PTZ (35 mg/kg i.p.) at interval of 48 h. The naïve group (n = 7) constituted group 1, while successfully kindled mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 7). Group II served as vehicle treated group; groups III-V were treated with creatine 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day, p.o; Group V was given 25 mg/kg/day of phenytoin p.o. The treatment was for 15 consecutive days. The intensity of convulsion was scored according to a seven-point scale ranging from stage 0-7. Tail suspension test (TST) and Elevated plus maze (EPM) were utilized to assess depression and anxiety-like behavior respectively. After behavioral evaluation on day 15th, their brain was isolated and assayed for catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the seizure scores, anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice from the 5th day of treatment. The antioxidant assays revealed significant (p < 0.05) increase in catalase and reduced glutathione, and significant (p < 0.05) reduction in lipid peroxidation in treated mice. This study provides evidence for the seizure reducing property of creatine and its ameliorating potential on anxiety and depressive-like behaviors that follows seizure episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O Okwuofu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prof Dora Akunyili College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University Okada, Benin City, Edo, Nigeria.
| | - Gbenga E Ogundepo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Abigail M Akhigbemen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, 300001, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Akinpelu L Abiola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prof Dora Akunyili College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University Okada, Benin City, Edo, Nigeria
| | - Raymond I Ozolua
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, 300001, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Ighodaro Igbe
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prof Dora Akunyili College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University Okada, Benin City, Edo, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, 300001, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Ononiwu Chinazamoku
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prof Dora Akunyili College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University Okada, Benin City, Edo, Nigeria
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Schulte C, Maric HM. Expanding GABA AR pharmacology via receptor-associated proteins. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:98-106. [PMID: 33684670 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drugs directly targeting γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs), the major mediators of fast synaptic inhibition, contribute significantly to today's neuropharmacology. Emerging evidence establishes intracellularly GABAAR-associated proteins as the central players in determining cellular and subcellular GABAergic input sites, thereby providing pharmacological opportunities to affect distinct receptor populations and address discrete neuronal dysfunctions. Here, we report on recently studied GABAAR-associated proteins and highlight challenges and newly available methods for their functional and physical mapping. We anticipate these efforts to contribute to decipher the complexity of GABAergic signalling in the brain and eventually enable therapeutic avenues for, so far, untreatable neuronal disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Schulte
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, D15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans Michael Maric
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, D15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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Roynard P, Bilderback A, Dewey CW. Intravenous Ketamine Bolus(es) for the Treatment of Status Epilepticus, Refractory Status Epilepticus, and Cluster Seizures: A Retrospective Study of 15 Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:547279. [PMID: 33681317 PMCID: PMC7925624 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.547279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) and cluster seizures (CS) are common occurrences in veterinary neurology and frequent reasons of admission to veterinary hospitals. With prolonged seizure activity, gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABAa receptors) become inactive, leading to a state of pharmacoresistance to benzodiazepines and other GABAergic medications, which is called refractory status epilepticus (RSE). Prolonged seizure activity is also associated with overexpression of N-methyl-D-aspartic (NMDA) receptors. Rodent models have shown the efficacy of ketamine (KET) in treating RSE, and its use has been reported in one canine case of RSE. Boluses of KET 5 mg/kg IV have become the preferred treatment for RSE in our hospital. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate and report our experience with KET IV bolus to treat prolonged and/or repeated seizure activity in cases of canine CS, SE, and RSE. A total of 15 dogs were retrieved, for 20 hospitalizations and 28 KET IV injections over 3 years. KET IV boluses were used 12 times for RSE (9 generalized seizures, 3 focal seizures) and KET terminated the episode of RSE 12/12 times (100%); however, seizures recurred 4/12 times (33%) within ≤6 h of KET IV bolus. When used for CS apart from episodes of RSE, KET IV bolus was associated with termination of the CS episode only 4/14 times (29%). Only 4/28 (14%) KET IV boluses were associated with adverse effects imputable only to the use of KET. One dog experienced a short, self-limited seizure activity during administration of KET IV, which was most likely related to a pre-mature use of KET IV (i.e., before GABAergic resistance and NMDA receptor overexpression had taken place). This study indicates that KET 5 mg/kg IV bolus may be successful for the treatment of RSE in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roynard
- Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Plainview, NY, United States
| | - Ann Bilderback
- VCA Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Clackamas, OR, United States
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Han W, Shepard RD, Lu W. Regulation of GABA ARs by Transmembrane Accessory Proteins. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:152-165. [PMID: 33234346 PMCID: PMC7855156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of fast inhibitory transmission in the brain is mediated by GABA acting on GABAA receptors (GABAARs), which provides inhibitory balance to excitatory drive and controls neuronal output. GABAARs are also effectively targeted by clinically important drugs for treatment in a number of neurological disorders. It has long been hypothesized that function and pharmacology of GABAARs are determined by the channel pore-forming subunits. However, recent studies have provided new dimensions in studying GABAARs due to several transmembrane proteins that interact with GABAARs and modulate their trafficking and function. In this review, we summarize recent findings on these novel GABAAR transmembrane regulators and highlight a potential avenue to develop new GABAAR psychopharmacology by targeting these receptor-associated membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Han
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan D Shepard
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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