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Deiab NS, Kodous AS, Mahfouz MK, Said AM, Ghobashy MM, Abozaid OAR. Smart Hesperidin/Chitosan Nanogel Mitigates Apoptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Fluoride and Aluminum-Induced Testicular Injury. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4106-4124. [PMID: 38087036 PMCID: PMC11252208 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride and aluminum are ubiquitous toxic metals with adverse reproductive effects. The citrus flavonoid hesperidin has protective activities but poor solubility and bioavailability. Nanoparticulate delivery systems can improve flavonoid effectiveness. We conducted this study to prepare a pH-responsive chitosan-based nanogel for hesperidin delivery and evaluate its effectiveness against sodium fluoride (NaF) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced testicular toxicity in mice. The nanogel was synthesized using 2 kGy gamma irradiation, enabling a size under 200 nm and enhanced hesperidin release at pH 6 matching testicular acidity. Male mice received 200 mg/kg AlCl3 and 10 mg/kg NaF daily for 30 days. Hesperidin nanogel at 20 mg/kg was administered orally either prophylactically (pretreatment) or after intoxication (posttreatment). The results showed that AlCl3 + NaF induced severe oxidative stress, hormonal disturbance, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, evidenced by significant changes in the studied parameters and testicular histological damage. Hesperidin nanogel administration significantly inhibited oxidative stress markers, restored luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels, and alleviated tissue damage compared to the intoxicated group. It also downregulated the expression level of pro-apoptotic genes Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and P38MAPK, while upregulating the expression level of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene. Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors PERK, ATF6, and IRE-α were also downregulated by the nanogel. The chitosan-based nanogel enhanced the delivery and efficacy of poorly bioavailable hesperidin, exhibiting remarkable protective effects against AlCl3 and NaF reproductive toxicity. This innovative nanosystem represents a promising approach to harnessing bioactive phytochemicals with delivery challenges, enabling protective effects against chemical-induced testicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora S Deiab
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Al Qalyubiyah, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad S Kodous
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), P.O. Box 600036, 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamed K Mahfouz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Al Qalyubiyah, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M Said
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Al Qalyubiyah, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A R Abozaid
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Al Qalyubiyah, Egypt
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2
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Chukai Y, Sudo T, Fukuda T, Tomita H, Sugano E, Ozaki T. Proteolysis of mitochondrial calpain-13 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101768. [PMID: 39050013 PMCID: PMC11267081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Calpains are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases activated by intracellular Ca2+. Although calpains mainly exist in the cytosol, calpain-13 is present in the mitochondria in mouse brains; however, the enzymatic properties and physiological functions of calpain-13 remain unknown. Hence, in this study, we predicted and evaluated the enzymatic properties of calpain-13. Based on our bioinformatic approaches, calpain-13 possessed a catalytic triad and EF-hand domain, similar to calpain-1, a well-studied calpain. Therefore, we hypothesized that calpain-13 had calpain-1-like enzymatic properties; however, calpain-13 was not proteolyzed in C57BL/6J mouse brains. Subsequently, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury caused proteolysis of mitochondrial calpain-13. Thus, our study showed that mitochondrial calpain-13 was proteolyzed in the mitochondria of the I/R injured mouse brain. This finding could be valuable in further research elucidating the involvement of calpain-13 in cell survival or death in brain diseases, such as cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Chukai
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Toru Sudo
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Eriko Sugano
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Taku Ozaki
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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3
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Jiang N, Wang C, Xie B, Xie H, Wu A, Kong X, Gu L, Jiang Y, Peng J. Identification of endoplasmic reticulum stress genes in human stroke based on bioinformatics and machine learning. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106583. [PMID: 38942324 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
After ischemic stroke (IS), secondary injury is intimately linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and body-brain crosstalk. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism systemic immune disorder mediated ER stress in human IS remains unknown. In this study, 32 candidate ER stress-related genes (ERSRGs) were identified by overlapping MSigDB ER stress pathway genes and DEGs. Three Key ERSRGs (ATF6, DDIT3 and ERP29) were identified using LASSO, random forest, and SVM-RFE. IS patients with different ERSRGs profile were clustered into two groups using consensus clustering and the difference between 2 group was further explored by GSVA. Through immune cell infiltration deconvolution analysis, and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse scRNA analysis, we found that the expression of 3 key ERSRGs were closely related with peripheral macrophage cell ER stress in IS and this was further confirmed by RT-qPCR experiment. These ERS genes might be helpful to further accurately regulate the central nervous system and systemic immune response through ER stress and have potential application value in clinical practice in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Institute of Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chuying Wang
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Institute of Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huangfan Xie
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Institute of Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xi Kong
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Institute of Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Gu
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Institute of Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Institute of Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Institute of Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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4
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Wang L, Xie Z, Wu M, Chen Y, Wang X, Li X, Liu F. The role of taurine through endoplasmic reticulum in physiology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116386. [PMID: 38909788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid found in many cell organelles that plays a wide range of biological roles, including bile salt production, osmoregulation, oxidative stress reduction, and neuromodulation. Taurine treatments have also been shown to ameliorate the onset and development of many diseases, including hypertension, fatty liver, neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injury, by exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle involved in a wide range of cellular functions, including lipid metabolism, calcium storage and protein stabilization. Under stress, the disruption of the ER environment leads to the accumulation of misfolded proteins and a characteristic stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR protects cells from stress and helps to restore cellular homeostasis, but its activation promotes cell death under prolonged ER stress. Recent studies have shown that ER stress is closely related to the onset and development of many diseases. This article reviews the beneficial effects and related mechanisms of taurine by regulating the ER in different physiological and pathological states, with the aim of providing a reference for further research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Wang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mengxian Wu
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yunayuan Chen
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xingke Li
- Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Fangli Liu
- College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Gwon HJ, Chung YH, Lim DS, Cho W, Choi SW, Abd El-Aty AM, Song JH, Shin YK, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Uvaol ameliorates lipid deposition in hyperlipidemic hepatocytes by suppressing protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B/ER stress signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 730:150387. [PMID: 39002201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Uvaol (UV), a pentacyclic triterpene found in olives and virgin olive oil, is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various disease models. While olive oil is reported to reduce obesity and insulin resistance, the specific impact of UV on liver lipid metabolism and its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, hepatic lipid accumulation was measured using oil red O staining, and protein expression levels in liver cells were assessed via Western blot analysis. Apoptosis was evaluated through cell viability and caspase 3 activity assays. UV treatment reduced lipid accumulation, fatty acid uptake, apoptosis, and ER stress in palmitate-treated liver cells. Additionally, UV enhanced fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, increased SIRT6 expression and autophagy were observed in UV-treated cells. SIRT6-targeted siRNA or 3-methyladenine blocked the effects of UV in hyperlipidemic cells. In conclusion, UV improves SIRT6/autophagy signaling, reducing lipid deposition and apoptosis in liver cells under high lipid conditions. This in vitro study provides strong evidence for potential therapeutic strategies for hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Gwon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Su Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Jin-Ho Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Larochelle J, Howell JA, Yang C, Liu L, Gunraj RE, Stansbury SM, de Oliveira ACP, Baksh S, Candelario-Jalil E. Pharmacological inhibition of receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) elicits neuroprotective effects following experimental ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114812. [PMID: 38729551 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke induces a debilitating neurological insult, where inflammatory processes contribute greatly to the expansion and growth of the injury. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is most well-known for its role as the obligate kinase for NOD1/2 pattern recognition receptor signaling and is implicated in the pathology of various inflammatory conditions. Compared to a sham-operated control, ischemic stroke resulted in a dramatic increase in the active, phosphorylated form of RIPK2, indicating that RIPK2 may be implicated in the response to stroke injury. Here, we assessed the effects of pharmacological inhibition of RIPK2 to improve post-stroke outcomes in mice subjected to experimental ischemic stroke. We found that treatment at the onset of reperfusion with a RIPK2 inhibitor, which inhibits the phosphorylation and activation of RIPK2, resulted in marked improvements in post-stroke behavioral outcomes compared to the vehicle-administered group assessed 24 h after stroke. RIPK2 inhibitor-treated mice exhibited dramatic reductions in infarct volume, concurrent with reduced damage to the blood-brain barrier, as evidenced by reduced levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and leakage of blood-borne albumin in the ipsilateral cortex. To explore the protective mechanism of RIPK2 inhibition, we next pretreated mice with RIPK2 inhibitor or vehicle and examined transcriptomic alterations occurring in the ischemic brain 6 h after stroke. We observed a dramatic reduction in neuroinflammatory markers in the ipsilateral cortex of the inhibitor-treated group while also attaining a comprehensive view of the vast transcriptomic alterations occurring in the brain with inhibitor treatment through bulk RNA-sequencing of the injured cortex. Overall, we provide significant novel evidence that RIPK2 may represent a viable target for post-stroke pharmacotherapy and potentially other neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Larochelle
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John Aaron Howell
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rachel E Gunraj
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sofia M Stansbury
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Shairaz Baksh
- BioImmuno Designs, Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Bio-Stream Diagnostics, Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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7
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Imik A, Eren M, Can MB, Ozkanlar S, Omur AD, Aydin MA, Sunar S, Akarsu SA. Dietary composition influences sperm quality and testis damage via endoplasmic reticulum stress in lambs. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1504. [PMID: 38879885 PMCID: PMC11180475 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic impacts of including soya meal, wheat gluten and corn gluten in the diet of male lambs could influence their reproductive performance. OBJECTIVES An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of corn gluten, wheat gluten and soya meal on the reproductive system of male lambs. METHODS Twenty-four male Morkaraman lambs, aged 9 months, were utilized in this study and were fed experimental diets for 56 days. The lambs were divided into a control group (soybean meal + safflower meal), a corn group (corn gluten) and a wheat group (wheat gluten). RESULTS The serum follicle-stimulating hormone level of the control group was significantly higher and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level was lower than the wheat and corn gluten groups (p < 0.05). The lowest malondialdehyde level in testicular tissue was observed in the control group, whereas the highest was in the wheat gluten group (p < 0.05). The glutathione level in the control group was significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The corn gluten group showed the highest CHOP and IRE1 levels; the lowest Bcl-2 levels and the highest IL-1B and P2 × 7R levels were found in the wheat group; and the lowest TNF-α levels were in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the study revealed that diet had a significant impact on spermatological parameters of the testis such as diameter, volume and weight (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results concluded that the inclusion of different protein sources in the diet of reproductive male lambs affects the metabolism of testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybuke Imik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Eren
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Institute of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mazhar Burak Can
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Institute of Health Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seckin Ozkanlar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Dogan Omur
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Institute of Health Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Aydin
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Institute of Health Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Serhat Sunar
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Institute of Health Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ali Akarsu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Institute of Health Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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8
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Rahi V, Kaundal RK. Exploring the intricacies of calcium dysregulation in ischemic stroke: Insights into neuronal cell death and therapeutic strategies. Life Sci 2024; 347:122651. [PMID: 38642844 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) dysregulation is one of the main causes of neuronal cell death and brain damage after cerebral ischemia. During ischemic stroke, the ability of neurons to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis is compromised. Ca2+ regulates various functions of the nervous system, including neuronal activity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Disruptions in Ca2+ homeostasis can trigger a cascade of events, including activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This response occurs when the cell is unable to manage protein folding within the ER due to various stressors, such as a high influx of Ca2+. Consequently, the UPR is initiated to restore ER function and alleviate stress, but prolonged activation can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and, ultimately, cell death. Hence, precise regulation of Ca2+ within the cell is mandatory. The ER and mitochondria are two such organelles that maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis through various calcium-operating channels, including ryanodine receptors (RyRs), inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases (SERCAs), the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs). These channels utilize Ca2+ sequestering and release mechanisms to maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and ensure proper cellular function and survival. The present review critically evaluates the significance of Ca2+ and its physiological role in cerebral ischemia. We have compiled recent findings on calcium's role and emerging treatment strategies, particularly targeting mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, to address Ca2+ overload in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rahi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226 002, India
| | - Ravinder K Kaundal
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226 002, India.
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9
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Lénárt N, Cserép C, Császár E, Pósfai B, Dénes Á. Microglia-neuron-vascular interactions in ischemia. Glia 2024; 72:833-856. [PMID: 37964690 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a devastating condition that results in impaired blood flow in the brain leading to acute brain injury. As the most common form of stroke, occlusion of cerebral arteries leads to a characteristic sequence of pathophysiological changes in the brain tissue. The mechanisms involved, and comorbidities that determine outcome after an ischemic event appear to be highly heterogeneous. On their own, the processes leading to neuronal injury in the absence of sufficient blood supply to meet the metabolic demand of the cells are complex and manifest at different temporal and spatial scales. While the contribution of non-neuronal cells to stroke pathophysiology is increasingly recognized, recent data show that microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system parenchyma, play previously unrecognized roles in basic physiological processes beyond their inflammatory functions, which markedly change during ischemic conditions. In this review, we aim to discuss some of the known microglia-neuron-vascular interactions assumed to contribute to the acute and delayed pathologies after cerebral ischemia. Because the mechanisms of neuronal injury have been extensively discussed in several excellent previous reviews, here we focus on some recently explored pathways that may directly or indirectly shape neuronal injury through microglia-related actions. These discoveries suggest that modulating gliovascular processes in different forms of stroke and other neurological disorders might have presently unexplored therapeutic potential in combination with neuroprotective and flow restoration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Lénárt
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Cserép
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Császár
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Rahane D, Dhingra T, Chalavady G, Datta A, Ghosh B, Rana N, Borah A, Saraf S, Bhattacharya P. Hypoxia and its effect on the cellular system. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3940. [PMID: 38379257 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells utilize oxygen for different functions of cell organelles owing to cellular survival. A balanced oxygen homeostasis is an essential requirement to maintain the regulation of normal cellular systems. Any changes in the oxygen level are stressful and can alter the expression of different homeostasis regulatory genes and proteins. Lack of oxygen or hypoxia results in oxidative stress and formation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Substantial cellular damages due to hypoxia have been reported to play a major role in various pathological conditions. There are different studies which demonstrated that the functions of cellular system are disrupted by hypoxia. Currently, study on cellular effects following hypoxia is an important field of research as it not only helps to decipher different signaling pathway modulation, but also helps to explore novel therapeutic strategies. On the basis of the beneficial effect of hypoxia preconditioning of cellular organelles, many therapeutic investigations are ongoing as a promising disease management strategy in near future. Hence, the present review discusses about the effects of hypoxia on different cellular organelles, mechanisms and their involvement in the progression of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Rahane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Tannu Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Guruswami Chalavady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bijoyani Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nikita Rana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Dong X, Li C, Yao Y, Liu F, Jiang P, Gao Y. Xingnaojing injection alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in Vivo and in Vitro. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25267. [PMID: 38327400 PMCID: PMC10847655 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection, an extract derived from traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used to treat ischemic stroke (IS). Previous studies have shown that XNJ has the ability to alleviate apoptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the potential mechanisms have not been clarified. Objective To identify the neuroprotective effect of XNJ and explore whether XNJ inhibits cell apoptosis associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) after IS. Methods In this study, cultured hippocampal neurons from mouse embryos and Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to four groups: sham, model, XNJ, and edaravone. The treatment groups were administered 2 h after modelling. Neurological deficit scores and motor performance tests were performed after 24 h of modelling. Additionally, pathomorphology, cell apoptosis and calcium content were evaluated. To ascertain the expression of ERS proteins, western blotting and polymerase chain reaction were employed. Results The results indicated that XNJ treatment resulted in a notable decrease in infarct volume, apoptosis and missteps compared with the model group. XNJ also exhibited improvements in neurological function, grip strength and motor time. The calcium content significantly reduced in XNJ group. The XNJ administration resulted in a reduction in the levels of proteins associated with ERS including CHOP, GRP78, Bax, caspase-12, caspase-9, and cleaved-caspase-3, but an increase of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Furthermore, the downregulation of mRNA expression of CHOP, GRP78, caspase-12, caspase-9, and caspase-3 was confirmed in both cultured neurons and rat model. Conclusion These findings suggest that XNJ may alleviate apoptosis by modulating the ERS-induced apoptosis pathway, making it a potential novel therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanpeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Chinese Medicine Key Research Room of Brain Disorders Syndrome and Treatment of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Yao
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Chinese Medicine Key Research Room of Brain Disorders Syndrome and Treatment of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Chinese Medicine Key Research Room of Brain Disorders Syndrome and Treatment of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Chinese Medicine Key Research Room of Brain Disorders Syndrome and Treatment of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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12
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Hu Q, Qiu L, Ge L, Wei Y. Sevoflurane postconditioning alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102289. [PMID: 38194851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) frequently induces cognitive impairments. Investigating the role of sevoflurane postconditioning (SPC) in HIBD, we conducted experiments involving HIBD modeling, SPC treatment, and interventions with the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 or the PERK activator CCT020312, administered 30 min before modeling, followed by SPC treatment. Behavioral testing using the Morris water maze test and Neurological Deficiency Scale (NDS) was conducted. Additionally, Nissl staining assessed hippocampal CA1 area neuronal density, TUNEL staining evaluated hippocampal CA1 area neuronal apoptosis, and Western blot determined hippocampal CA1 area protein levels, including Bax, Bcl-2, p-PERK/PERK, p-eIF2/eIF2, ATF4, CHOP, GRP78, Bax, and Bcl-2 protein levels. Following SPC treatment, HIBD rats exhibited improved spatial learning and memory abilities, reduced neuronal apoptosis, increased neuronal density in the hippocampal CA1 area, elevated Bcl-2 protein level, decreased Bax protein levels, and decreased levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway related proteins (p-PERK/PERK, p-eIF2/eIF2, ATF4, CHOP and GRP78). Pre-modeling treatment with the PERK inhibitor treatment improved outcomes in HIBD rats. However, pre-modeling treatment with the PERK activator CCT020312 counteracted the protective effects of SPC against HIBD in rats. In conclusion, SPC alleviates neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus CA1 area of HIBD rats by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway PERK/ATF4/CHOP, thereby mitigating HIBD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionghua Hu
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Lingqin Qiu
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Li Ge
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yi Wei
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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13
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Zhang Y, Gao S, Xia S, Yang H, Bao X, Zhang Q, Xu Y. Linarin ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury by the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress targeting AKR1B1. Brain Res Bull 2024; 207:110868. [PMID: 38181967 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to various factors, there is still a lack of effective neuroprotective agents for ischemic stroke in clinical practice. Neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress are some of the important pathological mechanisms in ischemic stroke. Linarin has been reported to have anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects in myocardial ischemia, osteoarthritis, and kidney disease. Whether it exerts neuroprotective functions in ischemic stroke has not been investigated. The results showed that linarin could reduce the infarct volume in cerebral ischemia animal models, improve the neurological function scores and suppress the expression of inflammatory factors mediating the NF-κB. Meanwhile, it could protect the neurons from OGD/R-induced-apoptosis, which was related to the PERK-eIF2α pathway. Our results suggested linarin could inhibit neuronal inflammation and apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of linarin may be related to the inhibition of AKR1B1. Our study offers new insight into protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury by linarin treatment in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qingxiu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China.
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14
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Wang DP, Kang K, Hai J, Lv QL, Wu ZB. Alleviating CB2-Dependent ER Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Improves Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Cognitive Impairment. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:1. [PMID: 38214766 PMCID: PMC10786746 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Augmentation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may trigger excessive oxidative stress, which induces mitochondrial dysfunction. The fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, URB597, shows anti-oxidation characteristics in multiple neurological disorders. The present study aimed to determine whether inhibition of ER stress was involved in the protective effects of URB597 against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced cognitive impairment. Hippocampal HT-22 cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. The cell viability, apoptosis, ER stress, mitochondrial ATP, and oxidative stress levels were assessed following treatment with URB597, benzenebutyric acid (4-PBA), and thapsigargin (TG). Furthermore, the effects of URB597 on ER stress and related pathways were investigated in the CCH animal model, including Morris water maze testing of cognition, western blotting analysis of ER stress signaling, and transmission electron microscopy of mitochondrial and ER ultrastructure changes. The results suggested that cerebral ischemia caused ER stress with upregulation of ER stress signaling-related proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, ultrastructural injuries of mitochondria-associated ER membranes, and cognitive decline. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the interaction between CB2 and β-Arrestin1. Inhibiting ER stress by URB597 improved these changes by activating CB2/β-Arrestin1 signaling, which was reversed by the CB2 antagonist, AM630. Together, the results identified a novel mechanism of URB597, involving CCH-induced cognitive impairment alleviation of CB2-dependent ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, this study identified CB2 as a potential target for therapy of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tong Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Kai Kang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Research and Surveillance Evaluation, Shanghai Municipal Center for Health Promotion, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian Hai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tong Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Qiao Li Lv
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi, 330029, China.
| | - Zhe Bao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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15
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Turovsky EA, Baryshev AS, Plotnikov EY. Selenium Nanoparticles in Protecting the Brain from Stroke: Possible Signaling and Metabolic Mechanisms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:160. [PMID: 38251125 PMCID: PMC10818530 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Strokes rank as the second most common cause of mortality and disability in the human population across the world. Currently, available methods of treating or preventing strokes have significant limitations, primarily the need to use high doses of drugs due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier. In the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to the capabilities of nanotechnology. However, the vast majority of research in this area is focused on the mechanisms of anticancer and antiviral effects of nanoparticles. In our opinion, not enough attention is paid to the neuroprotective mechanisms of nanomaterials. In this review, we attempted to summarize the key molecular mechanisms of brain cell damage during ischemia. We discussed the current literature regarding the use of various nanomaterials for the treatment of strokes. In this review, we examined the features of all known nanomaterials, the possibility of which are currently being studied for the treatment of strokes. In this regard, the positive and negative properties of nanomaterials for the treatment of strokes have been identified. Particular attention in the review was paid to nanoselenium since selenium is a vital microelement and is part of very important and little-studied proteins, e.g., selenoproteins and selenium-containing proteins. An analysis of modern studies of the cytoprotective effects of nanoselenium made it possible to establish the mechanisms of acute and chronic protective effects of selenium nanoparticles. In this review, we aimed to combine all the available information regarding the neuroprotective properties and mechanisms of action of nanoparticles in neurodegenerative processes, especially in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor A. Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Baryshev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilove st., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Liu Z, Xia Q, Ma D, Wang Z, Li L, Han M, Yin X, Ji X, Wang S, Xin T. Biomimetic nanoparticles in ischemic stroke therapy. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:40. [PMID: 36969494 PMCID: PMC10027986 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Ischemic stroke is one of the most severe neurological disorders with limited therapeutic strategies. The utilization of nanoparticle drug delivery systems is a burgeoning field and has been widely investigated. Among these, biomimetic drug delivery systems composed of biogenic membrane components and synthetic nanoparticles have been extensively highlighted in recent years. Biomimetic membrane camouflage presents an effective strategy to prolong circulation, reduce immunogenicity and enhance targeting. For one thing, biomimetic nanoparticles reserve the physical and chemical properties of intrinsic nanoparticle. For another, the biological functions of original source cells are completely inherited. Compared to conventional surface modification methods, this approach is more convenient and biocompatible. In this review, membrane-based nanoparticles derived from different donor cells were exemplified. The prospect of future biomimetic nanoparticles in ischemic stroke therapy was discussed. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Qian Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Dengzhen Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Zhihai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Longji Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Xiaoshuai Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Shan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014 China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
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17
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Abo-Zaid OA, Moawed FS, Taha EF, Ahmed ESA, Kawara RS. Melissa officinalis extract suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in the brain of hypothyroidism-induced rats exposed to γ-radiation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:709-720. [PMID: 37368180 PMCID: PMC10746611 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of Melissa officinalis extract (MEE) against brain damage associated with hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil (PTU) and/or γ-radiation (IR) in rats. Hypothyroidism induction and/or exposure to IR resulted in a significant decrease in the serum levels of T3 and T4 associated with increased levels of lipid peroxidation end product, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrites (NO) in the brain tissue homogenate. Also, hypothyroidism and /or exposure to IR markedly enhance the endoplasmic reticulum stress by upregulating the gene expressions of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activated transcription factor 6 (ATF6), endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in the brain tissue homogenate associated with a proapoptotic state which indicated by the overexpression of Bax, BCl2, and caspase-12 that culminates in brain damage. Meanwhile, the PTU and /or IR-exposed rats treated with MEE reduced oxidative stress and ERAD through ATF6. Also, the MEE treatment prevented the Bax and caspase-12 gene expression from increasing. This treatment in hypothyroid animals was associated with neuronal protection as indicated by the downregulation in the gene expressions of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the brain tissue. Furthermore, the administration of MEE ameliorates the histological structure of brain tissue. In conclusion, MEE might prevent hypothyroidism-induced brain damage associated with oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma Ar Abo-Zaid
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Moshtohor, Banha, Egypt
| | - Fatma Sm Moawed
- Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt.
| | - Eman Fs Taha
- Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa S A Ahmed
- Radiation Biology Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ragaa Sm Kawara
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Moshtohor, Banha, Egypt
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Lv S, Geng X, Yun HJ, Ding Y. Phenothiazines reduced autophagy in ischemic stroke through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated PERK-eIF2α pathway. Exp Neurol 2023; 369:114524. [PMID: 37673390 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroprotective effects have been the main focus of new treatment modalities for ischemic stroke. Phenothiazines, or chlorpromazine plus promethazine (C + P), are known to prevent the generation of free radicals and uptake of Ca2+ by plasma membrane; they have a potential as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aims to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated PERK-eIF2α pathway underlying the phenothiazine-induced neuroprotective effects after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS A total of 49 male Sprague Dawley rats (280-320 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 7 per group): (1) sham, (2) I/R that received 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 6 or 24 h of reperfusion, (3) MCAO treated by C + P without temperature control and (4) MCAO treated by C + P with temperature control. Human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells were used in 5 groups: (1) control, (2) oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 h followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R), (3) OGD/R with C + P; (4) OGD/R with PERK inhibitor, GSK2656157, and (5) OGD/R with C + P and GSK2656157. The molecules of ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) (Bip, PERK, p-PERK, p-PERK/PERK, eIF2α, p-eIF2α, p-eIF2α/eIF2α), autophagy (ATG12, LC3II/I), and apoptosis (BAX, Bcl-XL) were measured at mRNA levels by real time PCR and protein levels by Western blotting. RESULTS In ischemic rats followed by reperfusion, expression of Bip, p-PERK/PERK, p-eIF2α/eIF2α, ATG12, and LC3II/I, as well as BAX were all significantly increased. These markers were significantly reduced by C + P at both 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL expression was increased, while pro-apoptotic BAX expression was decreased by C + P. In SH-SY5Y cell lines, both C + P and GSK2656157 significantly reduced the level of autophagy and apoptosis after I/R, respectively. The combination of GSK2656157 and C + P did not promote the same effect, suggesting that C + P did not induce any neuroprotective effect by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis through the PERK-eIF2α pathway when this pathway was already blocked by GSK2656157. In general, the reduction in body temperature by phenothiazines was associated with better neuroprotection but it did not reach significant levels. CONCLUSION The combined treatment of C + P plays a crucial role in stroke therapy by inhibiting ER stress-mediated autophagy, thereby leading to reduced apoptosis and increased neuroprotection. Our findings highlight the PERK-eIF2α pathway as a central mechanism through which C + P exerts its beneficial effects. The results from this study may pave the way for the development of more targeted and effective treatments for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Lv
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
| | - Ho Jun Yun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Kaur H, Sarmah D, Datta A, Borah A, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Stem cells alleviate OGD/R mediated stress response in PC12 cells following a co-culture: modulation of the apoptotic cascade through BDNF-TrkB signaling. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:1041-1051. [PMID: 36622548 PMCID: PMC10746664 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a crucial role in several neurovascular disorders, including ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R injury). Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that following I/R injury, ER stress is vital for mediating CCAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12-dependent apoptosis. However, its modulation in the presence of stem cells and the underlying mechanism of cytoprotection remains elusive. In vivo studies from our lab have reported that post-stroke endovascular administration of stem cells renders neuroprotection and regulates apoptosis mediated by ER stress. In the current study, a more robust in vitro validation has been undertaken to decipher the mechanism of stem cell-mediated cytoprotection. Results from our study have shown that oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) potentiated ER stress and apoptosis in the pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cell line as evident by the increase of protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (p-PERK), p-Eukaryotic initiation factor 2α subunit (EIF2α), activation transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CHOP, and caspase 12 expressions. Following the co-culture of PC12 cells with MSCs, ER stress was significantly reduced, possibly via modulating the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of BDNF by inhibitor K252a abolished the protective effects of BDNF secreted by MSCs following OGD/R. Our study suggests that inhibition of ER stress-associated apoptotic pathway with MSCs co-culture following OGD/R may help to alleviate cellular injury and further substantiate the use of stem cells as a therapeutic modality toward neuroprotection following hypoxic injury or stroke in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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20
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Teder T, Haeggström JZ, Airavaara M, Lõhelaid H. Cross-talk between bioactive lipid mediators and the unfolded protein response in ischemic stroke. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 168:106760. [PMID: 37331425 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is a severe medical condition that affects about 15 million people every year and is the second leading cause of death and disability globally. Ischemic stroke results in neuronal cell death and neurological impairment. Current therapies may not adequately address the deleterious metabolic changes and may increase neurological damage. Oxygen and nutrient depletion along with the tissue damage result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), and neuroinflammation in the affected area and cause cell death in the lesion core. The spatio-temporal production of lipid mediators, either pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving, decides the course and outcome of stroke. The modulation of the UPR as well as the resolution of inflammation promotes post-stroke cellular viability and neuroprotection. However, studies about the interplay between the UPR and bioactive lipid mediators remain elusive and this review gives insights about the crosstalk between lipid mediators and the UPR in ischemic stroke. Overall, the treatment of ischemic stroke is often inadequate due to lack of effective drugs, thus, this review will provide novel therapeutical strategies that could promote the functional recovery from ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarvi Teder
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helike Lõhelaid
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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21
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Montiel T, Gómora-García JC, Gerónimo-Olvera C, Heras-Romero Y, Bernal-Vicente BN, Pérez-Martínez X, Tovar-Y-Romo LB, Massieu L. Modulation of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress by ketone bodies in experimental models of stroke. J Neurochem 2023; 166:87-106. [PMID: 37328918 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide. There is no simple treatment to alleviate ischemic brain injury, as thrombolytic therapy is applicable within a narrow time window. During the last years, the ketogenic diet (KD) and the exogenous administration of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) have been proposed as therapeutic tools for acute neurological disorders and both can reduce ischemic brain injury. However, the mechanisms involved are not completely clear. We have previously shown that the D enantiomer of BHB stimulates the autophagic flux in cultured neurons exposed to glucose deprivation (GD) and in the brain of hypoglycemic rats. Here, we have investigated the effect of the systemic administration of D-BHB, followed by its continuous infusion after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), on the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Results show for the first time that the protective effect of BHB against MCAO injury is enantiomer selective as only D-BHB, the physiologic enantiomer of BHB, significantly reduced brain injury. D-BHB treatment prevented the cleavage of the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP2 and stimulated the autophagic flux in the ischemic core and the penumbra. In addition, D-BHB notably reduced the activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway of the UPR and inhibited IRE1α phosphorylation. L-BHB showed no significant effect relative to ischemic animals. In cortical cultures under GD, D-BHB prevented LAMP2 cleavage and decreased lysosomal number. It also abated the activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway, partially sustained protein synthesis, and reduced pIRE1α. In contrast, L-BHB showed no significant effects. Results suggest that protection elicited by D-BHB treatment post-ischemia prevents lysosomal rupture allowing functional autophagy, preventing the loss of proteostasis and UPR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Montiel
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Gómora-García
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cristian Gerónimo-Olvera
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yessica Heras-Romero
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Neurociencias, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Berenice N Bernal-Vicente
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Xochitl Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, División de Investigación Básica, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Massieu
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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22
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Li K, Li Y, Ding H, Chen J, Zhang X. Metal-Binding Proteins Cross-Linking with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10040171. [PMID: 37103050 PMCID: PMC10143100 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an essential organelle in eukaryotic cells, is widely distributed in myocardial cells. The ER is where secreted protein synthesis, folding, post-translational modification, and transport are all carried out. It is also where calcium homeostasis, lipid synthesis, and other processes that are crucial for normal biological cell functioning are regulated. We are concerned that ER stress (ERS) is widespread in various damaged cells. To protect cells' function, ERS reduces the accumulation of misfolded proteins by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway in response to numerous stimulating factors, such as ischemia or hypoxia, metabolic disorders, and inflammation. If these stimulatory factors are not eliminated for a long time, resulting in the persistence of the UPR, it will aggravate cell damage through a series of mechanisms. In the cardiovascular system, it will cause related cardiovascular diseases and seriously endanger human health. Furthermore, there has been a growing number of studies on the antioxidative stress role of metal-binding proteins. We observed that a variety of metal-binding proteins can inhibit ERS and, hence, mitigate myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730031, China
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730031, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730031, China
| | - Jianshu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730031, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730031, China
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Jiang RQ, Li QQ, Sheng R. Mitochondria associated ER membrane and cerebral ischemia: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106761. [PMID: 37028777 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are two important organelles that are highly dynamic in mammalian cells. The physical connection between them is mitochondria associated ER membranes (MAM). In recent years, studies on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria have shifted from independent division to association and comparison, especially MAM has gradually become a research hotspot. MAM connects the two organelles, not only to maintain their independent structure and function, but also to promote metabolism and signal transduction between them. This paper reviews the morphological structure and protein localization of MAM, and briefly analyzes the functions of MAM in regulating Ca2+ transport, lipid synthesis, mitochondrial fusion and fission, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress, autophagy and inflammation. Since ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are important pathological events in neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, MAM is likely to play an important role in cerebral ischemia by regulating the signaling of the two organelles and the crosstalk of the two pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi-Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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24
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Arbutin abrogates testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through repression of inflammation and ER stress. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102056. [PMID: 36921493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arbutin (ARB) administration on oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in an experimental testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D)-induced testicular injury model for the first time. A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups with six rats in each group: sham control, T/D, T/D+ARB (50 mg/kg) and T/D+ARB (100 mg/kg). Torsion and detorsion times were applied as 4 h and 2 h, respectively. The levels of lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and oxidative stress [total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS)] in testicular tissues were determined using colorimetric methods. The levels of DNA damage [8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)], antioxidant system [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)], pro-inflammatory cytokines [high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), nuclear factor kappa B protein 65 (NF-κB p65), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)], ER stress [78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)] and apoptosis (caspase-3) markers in testicular tissues were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Johnsen's testicle scoring system was used for histological evaluation. In the T/D group, it was determined that statistically significant increasing in the levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress and apoptosis compared with sham control group (p < 0.05). ARB administrations statistically significantly restored testicular I/R damage in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that the data of histological examinations supported the biochemical results. Our findings support the hypothesis that ARB may be used as a protective agent against T/D-induced testicular damage.
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25
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Pre-ischaemic Treatment with Enriched Environment Alleviates Acute Neuronal Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-dependent Autophagy and Apoptosis. Neuroscience 2023; 513:14-27. [PMID: 36549603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enriched environment (EE) is effective in preventing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the neuroprotection of EE preprocessing. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated to be extensively involved in I/R injury. We aimed to investigate the potential regulatory mechanism of ER stress in the neuroprotection of pre-ischemic EE. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham surgery after 4 weeks of exposure in standard or enriched environments. We found that EE pretreatment alleviates acute neuronal injury after MCAO, as shown by reduced infarct volume and neurological deficit score. The expression of ER stress-related proteins, markers of autophagy, and apoptosis were detected to investigate the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that pre-ischemic EE inhibited the ER stress, as evidenced by the inactivation of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways. Moreover, the rats reared in EE were detected with lower autophagic activity and apoptosis levels. The decrease in activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) expression suggested EE pretreatment might inhibit autophagy and apoptosis via modulating ER stress-mediated PERK-ATF4-CHOP and IRE1-JNK signal pathways, which provides a new idea for the prevention of the deleterious cerebral and functional consequences of ischemic stroke.
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PHLDA1 knockdown alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuronal apoptosis via activating PPARγ in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brain Res Bull 2023; 194:23-34. [PMID: 36681251 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occur in ischemic stroke. The disruption of these two organelles can directly lead to cell death through various signaling pathways. Thus, investigation of the associated molecular mechanisms in cerebral ischemia is a prerequisite for stroke treatment. Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA1) is a multifunctional protein that can modulate mitochondrial function and ER stress in cardiomyocyte and cancer cells. This work studied the role of PHLDA1 in cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury and explored the underlying mechanisms associated with mitochondrial functions and ER stress. Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R)-treated mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-stimulated neurons were used as I/R models in vivo and in vitro, respectively. PHLDA1 was upregulated in ischemic penumbra of MCAO/R-induced mice and OGD/R-exposed neurons. In vitro, PHLDA1 knockdown protected neurons from OGD/R-induced apoptosis. In vivo, PHLDA1 silencing facilitated functional recovery and reduced cerebral infarct volume. Mechanistically, PHLDA1 knockdown promoted PPARγ nuclear translocation, which may mediate the effects on reversion of mitochondrial functions and alleviation of ER stress. In summary, PHLDA1 knockdown alleviates neuronal ischemic injuries in mice. PPARγ activation and mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress attenuation are involved in the underlying mechanisms.
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27
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Dhir N, Jain A, Sharma AR, Prakash A, Radotra BD, Medhi B. PERK inhibitor, GSK2606414, ameliorates neuropathological damage, memory and motor functional impairments in cerebral ischemia via PERK/p-eIF2ɑ/ATF4/CHOP signaling. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1177-1192. [PMID: 36847967 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2ɑ (PERK/eIF2α), the branch of unfolded protein response (UPR), is responsible for transient arrest in translation to counter the enhanced levels of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) following any acute condition. In neurological disorders, overactivation of PERK-P/eIF2-P signaling, leads to a prolonged decline in global protein synthesis resulting in synaptic failure and neuronal death. Our study has shown, PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway gets activated following cerebral ischemia in rats. We have further demonstrated, PERK inhibitor, GSK2606414 ameliorates ischemia induced neuronal damage by preventing additional neuronal loss, minimizing brain infarct, reducing brain edema, and preventing neurological symptoms from appearing. GSK2606414 was found to improve the neurobehavioral deficits and reduce the pyknotic neurons in ischemic rats. Also, it decreased glial activation and apoptotic protein mRNA expression while enhanced the synaptic protein mRNA expression in rat brain following cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PERK/ATF4/CHOP activation play a vital role in cerebral ischemia. Thus, PERK inhibitor, GSK2606414 might be a potential neuroprotective agent in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dhir
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Raj Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Bishan Das Radotra
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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28
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Salubrinal Ameliorates Inflammation and Neovascularization via the Caspase 3/Enos Signaling in an Alkaline-Induced Rat Corneal Neovascularization Model. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020323. [PMID: 36837524 PMCID: PMC9961429 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Ocular alkaline burn is a clinical emergency that can cause permanent vision loss due to limbal stem cell deficiency and corneal neovascularization (CNV). Although the basic pathogenetic mechanisms are considered to be acute oxidative stress and corneal neovascularization triggered by inflammation, the underlying intracellular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on inflammation and neovascularization, and the effect of the ER stress inhibitor salubrinal (SLB), as a novel treatment in a corneal alkaline burn model in rats. Methods: Chemical burns were created by cautery for 4 s using a rod coated with 75% silver nitrate and 25% potassium nitrate in the corneal center for the corneal neovascularization (CNV) model. Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: SHAM, CNV, CNV + SLB, and CNV + bevacizumab (BVC). After the CNV model was applied to the right eye, a single subconjunctival dose (0.05 mL) of 1 mg/kg salubrinal was injected into both eyes in the CNV + SLB group. A total of 1.25 mg/mL of subconjunctival BVC was administered to the CNV + BVC group. Fourteen days after experimental modeling and drug administration, half of the globes were placed in liquid nitrogen and stored at -20 °C until biochemical analysis. The remaining tissues were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Three qualitative agents from three different pathways were chosen: TNFR for inflammation, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated vascular permeability, and caspase-3 for cellular apoptosis. Results: Significantly lower caspase-3 and eNOS levels were detected in the CNV + SLB and CNV + BVC groups than in the CNV group. Additionally, histopathological evaluation revealed a significant decrease in neovascularization, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibroblast activity in the CNV + SLB and CNV + BVC groups. The endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, salubrinal, administered to the treatment group, attenuated apoptosis (caspase-3) and inflammation (e-NOS). In the control group (left eyes of the SLB group), salubrinal did not have a toxic effect on the healthy corneas. Conclusion: The ER stress pathway plays an important role in angiogenesis after alkaline corneal burns, and treatment with SLB modulates this pathway, reducing caspase-3 and eNOS levels. Further studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms altered by SLB-mediated therapy. The fact that more than one mechanism plays a role in the pathogenesis of CNV may require the use of more than one molecule in treatment. SLB has the potential to affect multiple steps in CNV pathogenesis, both in terms of reducing ER stress and regulating cellular homeostasis by inhibiting the core event of integrated stress response (ISR). Therefore, it can be used as a new treatment option and as a strengthening agent for existing treatments. Although blockade of intracellular organelle stress pathways has shown promising results in experimental studies, more in-depth research is needed before it can be used in routine practice. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the role of ER stress in corneal injury.
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Mechanism of cis-Nerolidol-Induced Bladder Carcinoma Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030981. [PMID: 36765938 PMCID: PMC9913136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerolidol is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol with multiple properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiparasitic activities. A few studies investigating the antitumor properties of nerolidol have shown positive results in both cell culture and mouse models. In this study, we investigated the antitumor mechanism of cis-nerolidol in bladder carcinoma cell lines. The results of our experiments on two bladder carcinoma cell lines revealed that nerolidol inhibited cell proliferation and induced two distinct cell death pathways. We confirmed that cis-nerolidol induces DNA damage and ER stress. A mechanistic study identified a common cAMP, Ca2+, and MAPK axis involved in signal propagation and amplification, leading to ER stress. Inhibition of any part of this signaling cascade prevented both cell death pathways. The two cell death mechanisms can be distinguished by the involvement of caspases. The early occurring cell death pathway is characterized by membrane blebbing and cell swelling followed by membrane rupture, which can be prevented by the inhibition of caspase activation. In the late cell death pathway, which was found to be caspase-independent, cytoplasmic vacuolization and changes in cell shape were observed. cis-Nerolidol shows promising antitumor activity through an unorthodox mechanism of action that could help target resistant forms of malignancies, such as bladder cancer.
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30
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Nemeth CL, Gӧk Ö, Tomlinson SN, Sharma A, Moser AB, Kannan S, Kannan RM, Fatemi A. Targeted Brain Delivery of Dendrimer-4-Phenylbutyrate Ameliorates Neurological Deficits in a Long-Term ABCD1-Deficient Mouse Model of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:272-283. [PMID: 36207570 PMCID: PMC9542479 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a genetic disorder that presents neurologically as either a rapid and fatal cerebral demyelinating disease in childhood (childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy; ccALD) or slow degeneration of the spinal cord in adulthood (adrenomyeloneuropathy; AMN). All forms of ALD result from mutations in the ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily D Member (ABCD) 1 gene, encoding a peroxisomal transporter responsible for the import of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and results mechanistically in a complex array of dysfunction, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. Few therapeutic options exist for these patients; however, an additional peroxisomal transport protein (ABCD2) has been successfully targeted previously for compensation of dysfunctional ABCD1. 4-Phenylbutyrate (4PBA), a potent activator of the ABCD1 homolog ABCD2, is FDA approved, but use for ALD has been stymied by a short half-life and thus a need for unfeasibly high doses. We conjugated 4PBA to hydroxyl polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (D-4PBA) to a create a long-lasting and intracellularly targeted approach which crosses the blood-brain barrier to upregulate Abcd2 and its downstream pathways. Across two studies, Abcd1 knockout mice administered D-4PBA long term showed neurobehavioral improvement and increased Abcd2 expression. Furthermore, when the conjugate was administered early, significant reduction of VLCFA and improved survival of spinal cord neurons was observed. Taken together, these data show improved efficacy of D-4PBA compared to previous studies of free 4PBA alone, and promise for D-4PBA in the treatment of complex and chronic neurodegenerative diseases using a dendrimer delivery platform that has shown successes in recent clinical trials. While recovery in our studies was partial, combined therapies on the dendrimer platform may offer a safe and complete strategy for treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Nemeth
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Özgül Gӧk
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sophia N Tomlinson
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann B Moser
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ali Fatemi
- Moser Center for Leukodystrophies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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31
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Mentese A, Demir S, Kazaz IO, Yulug E, Alemdar NT, Demir EA, Kartal MB, Durmus TB, Aliyazicioglu Y. Vanillic acid attenuates testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Testicular torsion is an important pediatric problem and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is involved in its etiopathogenesis. Vanillic acid (VA) is a phenolic acid has strong antioxidant properties. To our knowledge, the ability of VA to reduce testicular IRI has not been previously investigated. It was therefore aimed to evaluate whether VA had a beneficial effect against testicular IRI model in rats for the first time. Twenty-four rats were segregated into four groups: sham control, torsion/detorsion (T/D), T/D + VA (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg). The levels of testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis markers were determined using colorimetric methods. Hematoxylin–eosin staining method was used in the histopathological evaluation.
Results
Oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress and apoptosis levels were significantly higher in testicular tissues of rats with only IRI model (p < 0.05). VA applications improved these injuries in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was found that the results of histological examinations supported the biochemical results to a statistically significant extent.
Conclusions
It was revealed that VA application can remove testicular IRI for the first time. This testicular protective efficacy of VA needs to be supported by more extensive preclinical studies.
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Lumbrokinase regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress to improve neurological deficits in ischemic stroke. Neuropharmacology 2022; 221:109277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Long J, Wang J, Li Y, Chen S. Gut microbiota in ischemic stroke: Where we stand and challenges ahead. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1008514. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1008514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to affect host health and disease, including ischemic stroke (IS). Here, we systematically review the current understanding linking gut microbiota as well as the associated metabolites to the pathogenesis of IS (e.g., oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation). Of relevance, we highlight that the implications of gut microbiota-dependent intervention could be harnessed in orchestrating IS.
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Yuan Z, Lu L, Lian Y, Zhao Y, Tang T, Xu S, Yao Z, Yu Z. AA147 ameliorates post-cardiac arrest cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through the co-regulation of the ATF6 and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1028002. [PMID: 36506549 PMCID: PMC9727236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1028002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion caused by cardiac arrest (CA) disturbs endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and redox balance in neurons. AA147, originally developed as a pharmacologic activator of the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), can protect multiple tissues from ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restoring ER function. However, it is unclear whether pharmacologic treatment of AA147 could ameliorate post-CA cerebral IRI and whether it is associated with proteostasis regulation and anti-oxidative stress mechanism. In the present study, mice were subjected to 9 min-CA surgery followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). AA147 or vehicle was administered 1 day before the operation and 15 min after the return of spontaneous circulation. We found that AA147 restored neurological function and reduced dead neurons in mice suffering from CA. Moreover, AA147 inhibited CA/CPR-caused neuronal apoptosis and ER stress, indicated by reduced TUNEL-positive neurons, surged expression of Bcl-2/Bax, and down expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-12, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). The expression of ATF6 and its regulated gene glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) increased significantly after the administration of AA147, suggesting the activation of the ATF6 pathway. In addition, AA147 also alleviated the upsurge of the ROS generation and MDA levels as well as increased SOD activity, accompanied by enhancement of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its modulated heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions. Cotreatment of AA147 with inhibitors of the ATF6 or Nrf2 significantly suppressed AA147-dependent reductions in ROS scavenging and neuronal death after CA/CPR. The results suggested that AA147 could confer neuroprotection against post-CA cerebral IRI through inhibition of oxidative stress along with ER stress-associated apoptosis, which is attributed to the coregulation of both ATF6 and Nrf2 signaling pathways activity. Our findings support the potential for AA147 as a therapeutic approach to improve post-CA brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingtao Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanrui Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhun Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Zhui Yu,
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Su PW, Zhai Z, Wang T, Zhang YN, Wang Y, Ma K, Han BB, Wu ZC, Yu HY, Zhao HJ, Wang SJ. Research progress on astrocyte autophagy in ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:951536. [PMID: 36110390 PMCID: PMC9468275 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.951536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a highly disabling and potentially fatal disease. After ischemic stroke, autophagy plays a key regulatory role as an intracellular catabolic pathway for misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Mounting evidence indicates that astrocytes are strongly linked to the occurrence and development of cerebral ischemia. In recent years, great progress has been made in the investigation of astrocyte autophagy during ischemic stroke. This article summarizes the roles and potential mechanisms of astrocyte autophagy in ischemic stroke, briefly expounds on the crosstalk of astrocyte autophagy with pathological mechanisms and its potential protective effect on neurons, and reviews astrocytic autophagy-targeted therapeutic methods for cerebral ischemia. The broader aim of the report is to provide new perspectives and strategies for the treatment of cerebral ischemia and a reference for future research on cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wei Su
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Zhai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bing-Bing Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Chun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hua-Yun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Jun Zhao
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shi-Jun Wang
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Integrative Analyses of Biomarkers Associated with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Ischemic Stroke. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4212180. [PMID: 36060663 PMCID: PMC9436554 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4212180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Neuronal apoptosis, which is the primary pathological transform of cerebral injury following ischemic stroke (IS), is considered to be induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) by numerous reports. However, ERS biomarkers in IS have not been fully identified yet. Consequently, the present study is aimed at exploring potential blood biomarkers by investigating the molecular mechanisms of ERS promoting neuronal apoptosis following IS development. Methods. A comprehensive analysis was performed with two free-accessible whole-blood datasets (GSE16561 and GSE37587) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Genetic information from 107 IS and 24 healthy controls was employed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Genes related to ERS (ERS-DEGs) were identified from the analysis. Enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biofunction and correlated signal pathways of ERS-DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and immune correlation analyses were performed to identify the hub genes along with their correspondent expressions and functions, all of which contributed to incremental diagnostic values. Results. A total of 60 IS-related DEGs were identified, of which 27 genes were confirmed as ERS-DEGs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis corroborated that upregulated ERS-DEGs were principally enriched in pathways related to immunity, including neutrophil activation and Th17 cell differentiation. Moreover, the GSEA and GSVA indicated that T cell-related signal pathways were the most considerably immune pathways for ERS-DEG enrichment. A total of 10 hub genes were filtered out via the PPI network analysis. Immune correlation analysis confirmed that the expression of hub genes is associated with immune cell infiltration. Conclusions. By integrating and analyzing the two gene expression data profiles, it can be inferred that ERS may be involved in the development of neuronal apoptosis following IS via immune homeostasis. The identified hub genes, which are associated with immune cell infiltration, may serve as potential biomarkers for relative diagnosis and therapy.
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Luo J, Xie M, Peng C, Ma Y, Wang K, Lin G, Yang H, Chen T, Liu Q, Zhang G, Lin H, Ji Z. Protein disulfide isomerase A6 promotes the repair of injured nerve through interactions with spastin. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:950586. [PMID: 36090256 PMCID: PMC9449696 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.950586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of appropriate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is critical to effective spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. In previous reports, protein disulfide isomerase A6 (PDIA6) demonstrated to serve as a reversible functional modulator of ER stress responses, while spastin can coordinate ER organization through the modulation of the dynamic microtubule network surrounding this organelle. While both PDIA6 and spastin are thus important regulators of the ER, whether they interact with one another for SCI repair still needs to be determined. Here a proteomics analysis identified PDIA6 as being related to SCI repair, and protein interaction mass spectrometry further confirmed the ability of PDIA6 and spastin to interact with one another. Pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays were further performed to validate and characterize the interactions between these two proteins. The RNAi-based knockdown of PDIA6 in COS-7 cells inhibited the activity of spastin-dependent microtubule severing. PDIA6 was also found to promote injured neuron repair, while spastin knockdown reversed this reparative activity. Together, these results thus confirm that PDIA6 and spastin function together as critical mediators of nerve repair, highlighting their potential value as validated targets for efforts to promote SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxian Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People’s Hospital), Zhuhai, China
- Orthopedics Department I, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengxiong Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianjun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guowei Zhang,
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Hongsheng Lin,
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhisheng Ji,
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De Masi R, Orlando S. GANAB and N-Glycans Substrates Are Relevant in Human Physiology, Polycystic Pathology and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7373. [PMID: 35806376 PMCID: PMC9266668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the four fundamental macromolecular components of living matter, and they are highly regulated in the cell. Their functions are metabolic, structural and modulatory. In particular, ER resident N-glycans participate with the Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 highly conserved sequence, in protein folding process, where the physiological balance between glycosylation/deglycosylation on the innermost glucose residue takes place, according GANAB/UGGT concentration ratio. However, under abnormal conditions, the cell adapts to the glucose availability by adopting an aerobic or anaerobic regimen of glycolysis, or to external stimuli through internal or external recognition patterns, so it responds to pathogenic noxa with unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR can affect Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and several neurological and metabolic diseases via the BiP stress sensor, resulting in ATF6, PERK and IRE1 activation. Furthermore, the abnormal GANAB expression has been observed in MS, systemic lupus erythematous, male germinal epithelium and predisposed highly replicating cells of the kidney tubules and bile ducts. The latter is the case of Polycystic Liver Disease (PCLD) and Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD), where genetically induced GANAB loss affects polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), resulting in altered protein quality control and cyst formation phenomenon. Our topics resume the role of glycans in cell physiology, highlighting the N-glycans one, as a substrate of GANAB, which is an emerging key molecule in MS and other human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Masi
- Complex Operative Unit of Neurology, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy;
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Orlando
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
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Intertwined Relation between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria in Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3335887. [PMID: 35528523 PMCID: PMC9072026 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3335887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In ischemic stroke (IS), accumulation of the misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria-induced oxidative stress (OS) has been identified as the indispensable inducers of secondary brain injury. With the increasing recognition of an association between ER stress and OS with ischemic stroke and with the improved understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism, novel targets for drug therapy and new strategies for therapeutic interventions are surfacing. This review discusses the molecular mechanism underlying ER stress and OS response as both causes and consequences of ischemic stroke. We also summarize the latest advances in understanding the importance of ER stress and OS in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and discuss potential strategies and clinical trials explicitly aiming to restore mitochondria and ER dynamics after IS.
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40
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Polonikov A, Bocharova I, Azarova I, Klyosova E, Bykanova M, Bushueva O, Polonikova A, Churnosov M, Solodilova M. The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms in Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase, a Key Enzyme of Glutathione Biosynthesis, on Ischemic Stroke Risk and Brain Infarct Size. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040602. [PMID: 35455093 PMCID: PMC9032935 DOI: 10.3390/life12040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to explore whether polymorphisms in genes encoding the catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase, a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, play a role in the development of ischemic stroke (IS) and the extent of brain damage. A total of 1288 unrelated Russians, including 600 IS patients and 688 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, were enrolled for the study. Nine common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GCLC and GCLM genes were genotyped using the MassArray-4 system. SNP rs2301022 of GCLM was strongly associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke regardless of sex and age (OR = 0.39, 95%CI 0.24−0.62, p < 0.0001). Two common haplotypes of GCLM possessed protective effects against ischemic stroke risk (p < 0.01), but exclusively in nonsmoker patients. Infarct size was increased by polymorphisms rs636933 and rs761142 of GCLC. The mbmdr method enabled identifying epistatic interactions of GCLC and GCLM gene polymorphisms with known IS susceptibility genes that, along with environmental risk factors, jointly contribute to the disease risk and brain infarct size. Understanding the impact of genes and environmental factors on glutathione metabolism will allow the development of effective strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Iuliia Bocharova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 85 Pobedy Street, 308015 Belgorod, Russia; (I.B.); (M.C.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital, 45a Sumskaya, 305027 Kursk, Russia
| | - Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Marina Bykanova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Olga Bushueva
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Anna Polonikova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 85 Pobedy Street, 308015 Belgorod, Russia; (I.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Solodilova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
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Stress Granules and Acute Ischemic Stroke: Beyond mRNA Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073747. [PMID: 35409112 PMCID: PMC8998762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Following an ischemic insult, cells undergo endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which increases the ER’s protein-folding and degradative capacities and blocks the global synthesis of proteins by phosphorylating the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha (eIF2α). Phosphorylation of eIF2α is directly related to the dynamics of stress granules (SGs), which are membraneless organelles composed of RNA-binding proteins and mRNA. SGs play a critical role in mRNA metabolism and translational control. Other translation factors are also linked to cellular pathways, including SG dynamics following a stroke. Because the formation of SGs is closely connected to mRNA translation, it is interesting to study the relationship between SG dynamics and cellular outcome in cases of ischemic damage. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of SG dynamics during cerebral ischemia.
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Shi M, Chai Y, Zhang J, Chen X. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Neuronal Death and Innate Immune Response in Neurological Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 12:794580. [PMID: 35082783 PMCID: PMC8784382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal death and inflammatory response are two common pathological hallmarks of acute central nervous system injury and chronic degenerative disorders, both of which are closely related to cognitive and motor dysfunction associated with various neurological diseases. Neurological diseases are highly heterogeneous; however, they share a common pathogenesis, that is, the aberrant accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fortunately, the cell has intrinsic quality control mechanisms to maintain the proteostasis network, such as chaperone-mediated folding and ER-associated degradation. However, when these control mechanisms fail, misfolded/unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen and contribute to ER stress. ER stress has been implicated in nearly all neurological diseases. ER stress initiates the unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis, and if the damage is irreversible, it elicits intracellular cascades of death and inflammation. With the growing appreciation of a functional association between ER stress and neurological diseases and with the improved understanding of the multiple underlying molecular mechanisms, pharmacological and genetic targeting of ER stress are beginning to emerge as therapeutic approaches for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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Morland C, Nordengen K. N-Acetyl-Aspartyl-Glutamate in Brain Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031268. [PMID: 35163193 PMCID: PMC8836185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) is the most abundant dipeptide in the brain, where it acts as a neuromodulator of glutamatergic synapses by activating presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3). Recent data suggest that NAAG is selectively localized to postsynaptic dendrites in glutamatergic synapses and that it works as a retrograde neurotransmitter. NAAG is released in response to glutamate and provides the postsynaptic neuron with a feedback mechanisms to inhibit excessive glutamate signaling. A key regulator of synaptically available NAAG is rapid degradation by the extracellular enzyme glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII). Increasing endogenous NAAG—for instance by inhibiting GCPII—is a promising treatment option for many brain disorders where glutamatergic excitotoxicity plays a role. The main effect of NAAG occurs through increased mGluR3 activation and thereby reduced glutamate release. In the present review, we summarize the transmitter role of NAAG and discuss the involvement of NAAG in normal brain physiology. We further present the suggested roles of NAAG in various neurological and psychiatric diseases and discuss the therapeutic potential of strategies aiming to enhance NAAG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Morland
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 1068 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (K.N.); Tel.: +47-22844937; (C.M.); +47-23073580 (K.N.)
| | - Kaja Nordengen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (K.N.); Tel.: +47-22844937; (C.M.); +47-23073580 (K.N.)
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Guo S, Wehbe A, Syed S, Wills M, Guan L, Lv S, Li F, Geng X, Ding Y. Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Potential Effects on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Stroke. Aging Dis 2022; 14:450-467. [PMID: 37008060 PMCID: PMC10017147 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is an extremely common pathology with strikingly high morbidity and mortality rates. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary organelle responsible for conducting protein synthesis and trafficking as well as preserving intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Mounting evidence shows that ER stress contributes to stroke pathophysiology. Moreover, insufficient circulation to the brain after stroke causes suppression of ATP production. Glucose metabolism disorder is an important pathological process after stroke. Here, we discuss the relationship between ER stress and stroke and treatment and intervention of ER stress after stroke. We also discuss the role of glucose metabolism, particularly glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, post-stroke. Based on recent studies, we speculate about the potential relationship and crosstalk between glucose metabolism and ER stress. In conclusion, we describe ER stress, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis in the context of stroke and explore how the interplay between ER stress and glucose metabolism contributes to the pathophysiology of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichao Guo
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alexandra Wehbe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Shabber Syed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Melissa Wills
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Longfei Guan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Shuyu Lv
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Xiaokun Geng, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. E-mail: ; Dr. Yuchuan Ding, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. E-mail:
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Xiaokun Geng, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. E-mail: ; Dr. Yuchuan Ding, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. E-mail:
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Ghoneim FM, Abo-Elkhair SM, Elsamanoudy AZ, Shabaan DA. Evaluation of Endothelial Dysfunction and Autophagy in Fibromyalgia-Related Vascular and Cerebral Cortical Changes and the Ameliorative Effect of Fisetin. Cells 2021; 11:48. [PMID: 35011610 PMCID: PMC8750434 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common chronic pain syndrome that affects 1% to 5% of the population. We aimed to investigate the role of endothelial dysfunction and autophagy in fibromyalgia-related vascular and cerebral cortical changes in a reserpine-induced rat model of fibromyalgia at the histological and molecular levels and to study the ameliorative effect of fisetin. Forty adult female albino rats were divided into four groups (10 each): two control groups, the reserpine-induced fibromyalgia group, and the fisetin-treated group. The carotid arteries and brains of the animals were dissected. Frozen tissue samples were used for total RNA extraction and qPCR analysis of eNOS, caspase-3, Bcl-2, LC-3, BECN-1, CHOP, and TNF-α expression. Histological, immunohistochemical (eNOS), and ultrastructure studies were conducted. The carotid arteries revealed excessive autophagy and endothelial, vascular, and apoptotic changes. The cerebral cortex showed similar findings apart from endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, there was decreased gene expression of eNOS and Bcl-2 and increased expression of caspase-3, LC-3, BECN-1, CHOP, and TNF-α. In the fisetin-treated rats, improvements in the histological and molecular results were detected. In conclusion, oxidative stress, enhanced apoptosis, and excessive autophagy are fundamental pathophysiologic mechanisms of reserpine-induced fibromyalgia. Moreover, fisetin has an ameliorative effect against fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mohamed Ghoneim
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (F.M.G.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Salwa Mohamed Abo-Elkhair
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Ayman Zaky Elsamanoudy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia A. Shabaan
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (F.M.G.); (D.A.S.)
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Zeng Y, Du X, Yao X, Qiu Y, Jiang W, Shen J, Li L, Liu X. Mechanism of cell death of endothelial cells regulated by mechanical forces. J Biomech 2021; 131:110917. [PMID: 34952348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell death of endothelial cells (ECs) is a common devastating consequence of various vascular-related diseases. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, sepsis, diabetes, cerebral ischemia and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, and chronic kidney disease remain major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, in which ECs are constantly subjected to a great amount of dynamic changed mechanical forces including shear stress, extracellular matrix stiffness, mechanical stretch and microgravity. A thorough understanding of the regulatory mechanisms by which the mechanical forces controlled the cell deaths including apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In the present review, experimental and clinical data highlight that nutrient depletion, oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor-α, high glucose, lipopolysaccharide, and homocysteine possess cytotoxic effects in many tissues and induce apoptosis of ECs, and that sphingosine-1-phosphate protects ECs. Nevertheless, EC apoptosis in the context of those artificial microenvironments could be enhanced, reduced or even reversed along with the alteration of patterns of shear stress. An appropriate level of autophagy diminishes EC apoptosis to some extent, in addition to supporting cell survival upon microenvironment challenges. The intervention of pyroptosis showed a profound effect on atherosclerosis. Further cell and animal studies are required to ascertain whether the alterations in the levels of cell deaths and their associated regulatory mechanisms happen at local lesion sites with considerable mechanical force changes, for preventing senescence and cell deaths in the vascular-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xinghong Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Varlamova EG, Turovsky EA, Babenko VA, Plotnikov EY. The Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Action of Selenium Nanoparticles against Ischemia/Reoxygenation Are Mediated by the Activation of the Ca 2+ Signaling System of Astrocytes and Reactive Astrogliosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312825. [PMID: 34884629 PMCID: PMC8657910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, much attention has been paid to the study of the therapeutic effect of the microelement selenium, its compounds, especially selenium nanoparticles, with a large number of works devoted to their anticancer effects. Studies proving the neuroprotective properties of selenium nanoparticles in various neurodegenerative diseases began to appear only in the last 5 years. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of selenium nanoparticles under conditions of ischemia and reoxygenation remain unexplored, especially for intracellular Ca2+ signaling and neuroglial interactions. This work is devoted to the study of the cytoprotective mechanisms of selenium nanoparticles in the neuroglial networks of the cerebral cortex under conditions of ischemia/reoxygenation. It was shown for the first time that selenium nanoparticles dose-dependently induce the generation of Ca2+ signals selectively in astrocytes obtained from different parts of the brain. The generation of these Ca2+ signals by astrocytes occurs through the release of Ca2+ ions from the endoplasmic reticulum through the IP3 receptor upon activation of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway. An increase in the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ in astrocytes leads to the opening of connexin Cx43 hemichannels and the release of ATP and lactate into the extracellular medium, which trigger paracrine activation of the astrocytic network through purinergic receptors. Incubation of cerebral cortex cells with selenium nanoparticles suppresses ischemia-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ and necrotic cell death. Activation of A2 reactive astrocytes exclusively after ischemia/reoxygenation, a decrease in the expression level of a number of proapoptotic and proinflammatory genes, an increase in lactate release by astrocytes, and suppression of the hyperexcitation of neuronal networks formed the basis of the cytoprotective effect of selenium nanoparticles in our studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Varlamova
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.G.V.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Egor A. Turovsky
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.G.V.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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