1
|
L'Esperance OJ, McGhee J, Davidson G, Niraula S, Smith AS, Sosunov AA, Yan SS, Subramanian J. Functional Connectivity Favors Aberrant Visual Network c-Fos Expression Accompanied by Cortical Synapse Loss in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240776. [PMID: 39121131 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Background While Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been extensively studied with a focus on cognitive networks, visual network dysfunction has received less attention despite compelling evidence of its significance in AD patients and mouse models. We recently reported c-Fos and synaptic dysregulation in the primary visual cortex of a pre-amyloid plaque AD-model. Objective We test whether c-Fos expression and presynaptic density/dynamics differ in cortical and subcortical visual areas in an AD-model. We also examine whether aberrant c-Fos expression is inherited through functional connectivity and shaped by light experience. Methods c-Fos+ cell density, functional connectivity, and their experience-dependent modulation were assessed for visual and whole-brain networks in both sexes of 4-6-month-old J20 (AD-model) and wildtype (WT) mice. Cortical and subcortical differences in presynaptic vulnerability in the AD-model were compared using ex vivo and in vivo imaging. Results Visual cortical, but not subcortical, networks show aberrant c-Fos expression and impaired experience-dependent modulation. The average functional connectivity of a brain region in WT mice significantly predicts aberrant c-Fos expression, which correlates with impaired experience-dependent modulation in the AD-model. We observed a subtle yet selective weakening of excitatory visual cortical synapses. The size distribution of cortical boutons in the AD-model is downscaled relative to those in WT mice, suggesting a synaptic scaling-like adaptation of bouton size. Conclusions Visual network structural and functional disruptions are biased toward cortical regions in pre-plaque J20 mice, and the cellular and synaptic dysregulation in the AD-model represents a maladaptive modification of the baseline physiology seen in WT conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J L'Esperance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Joshua McGhee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Garett Davidson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Suraj Niraula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Adam S Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Alexandre A Sosunov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirley Shidu Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaichandar Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Musawi I, Dennis BH, Clowry GJ, LeBeau FEN. Evidence for prodromal changes in neuronal excitability and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus in young alpha-synuclein (A30P) transgenic mice. FRONTIERS IN DEMENTIA 2024; 3:1404841. [PMID: 39081599 PMCID: PMC11285622 DOI: 10.3389/frdem.2024.1404841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Neuronal hyperexcitability and neuroinflammation are thought to occur at early stages in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation, notably activation of microglia, has been identified as a potential prodromal marker of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Using a transgenic mouse model of DLB that over-expresses human mutant (A30P) alpha-synuclein (hα-syn) we have investigated whether early neuroinflammation is evident in the hippocampus in young pre-symptomatic animals. Methods Previous studies have shown early hyperexcitability in the hippocampal CA3 region in male A30P mice at 2-4 months of age, therefore, in the current study we have immunostained this region for markers of neuronal activity (c-Fos), reactive astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP), microglia (ionizing calcium binding adapter protein 1, Iba-1) and reactive microglia (inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS). Results We found an interesting biphasic change in the expression of c-Fos in A30P mice with high expression at 1 month, consistent with early onset of hyperexcitability, but lower expression from 2-4 months in male A30P mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls, possibly indicating chronic hyperexcitability. Neuroinflammation was indicated by significant increases in the % area of GFAP and the number of Iba-1+ cells that expressed iNOS immunoreactivity in the CA3 region in 2-4 months A30P male mice compared to WT controls. A similar increase in % area of GFAP was observed in female A30P mice, however, the Iba-1 count was not different between female WT and A30P mice. In WT mice aged 2-4 months only 4.6% of Iba-1+ cells co-expressed iNOS. In contrast, in age matched A30P mice 87% of cells co-expressed Iba-1 and iNOS. Although there was no difference in GFAP immunoreactivity at 1 month, Iba-1/iNOS co-expression was also increased in a cohort of 1 month old A30P mice. Discussion Abnormal hα-syn expression in A30P mice caused early changes in network excitability, as indicated by c-Fos expression, and neuroinflammation which might contribute to disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fiona E. N. LeBeau
- Biosciences Institute and Centre for Transformative Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kleiber A, Roy J, Brunet V, Baranek E, Le-Calvez JM, Kerneis T, Batard A, Calvez S, Pineau L, Milla S, Guesdon V, Calandreau L, Colson V. Feeding predictability as a cognitive enrichment protects brain function and physiological status in rainbow trout: a multidisciplinary approach to assess fish welfare. Animal 2024; 18:101081. [PMID: 38335569 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive enrichment is a promising but understudied type of environmental enrichment that aims to stimulate the cognitive abilities of animals by providing them with more opportunities to interact with (namely, to predict events than can occur) and to control their environment. In a previous study, we highlighted that farmed rainbow trout can predict daily feedings after two weeks of conditioning, the highest conditioned response being elicited by the combination of both temporal and signalled predictability. In the present study, we tested the feeding predictability that elicited the highest conditioned response in rainbow trout (both temporal and signalled by bubbles, BUBBLE + TIME treatment) as a cognitive enrichment strategy to improve their welfare. We thus analysed the long-term effects of this feeding predictability condition as compared with an unpredictable feeding condition (RANDOM treatment) on the welfare of rainbow trout, including the markers in the modulation of brain function, through a multidisciplinary approach. To reveal the brain regulatory pathways and networks involved in the long-term effects of feeding predictability, we measured gene markers of cerebral activity and plasticity, neurotransmitter pathways and physiological status of fish (oxidative stress, inflammatory status, cell type and stress status). After almost three months under these predictability conditions of feeding, we found clear evidence of improved welfare in fish from BUBBLE + TIME treatment. Feeding predictability allowed for a food anticipatory activity and resulted in fewer aggressive behaviours, burst of accelerations, and jumps before mealtime. BUBBLE + TIME fish were also less active between meals, which is in line with the observed decreased expression of transcripts related to the dopaminergic system. BUBBLE + TIME fish tented to present fewer eroded dorsal fin and infections to the pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Decreased expression of most of the studied mRNA involved in oxidative stress and immune responses confirm these tendencies else suggesting a strong role of feeding predictability on fish health status and that RANDOM fish may have undergone chronic stress. Fish emotional reactivity while isolated in a novel-tank as measured by fear behaviour and plasma cortisol levels were similar between the two treatments, as well as fish weight and size. To conclude, signalled combined with temporal predictability of feeding appears to be a promising approach of cognitive enrichment to protect brain function via the physiological status of farmed rainbow trout in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kleiber
- JUNIA, Comportement Animal et Systèmes d'Elevage, F-59000 Lille, France; INRAE, LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France; INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Centre Val de Loire UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - J Roy
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - V Brunet
- INRAE, LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - E Baranek
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | | | - A Batard
- INRAE, PEIMA, 29450 Sizun, France
| | - S Calvez
- Oniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - L Pineau
- Oniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - S Milla
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - V Guesdon
- JUNIA, Comportement Animal et Systèmes d'Elevage, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - L Calandreau
- INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Centre Val de Loire UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - V Colson
- INRAE, LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Glaeser B, Panariello V, Banerjee A, Olsen CM. Environmental Enrichment during Abstinence Reduces Oxycodone Seeking and c-Fos Expression in a Subpopulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Neurons. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 255:111077. [PMID: 38228055 PMCID: PMC10869844 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that environmental enrichment (EE) during abstinence reduces drug seeking for psychostimulant and opioid drugs. Drug seeking is dependent on activity within the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and enrichment has been able to reduce drug seeking-associated increases in c-Fos in this region. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that EE during abstinence from oxycodone self-administration would reduce drug seeking and c-Fos immunoreactivity within the prefrontal cortex in a cell-type specific manner. METHODS Male rats self-administered oxycodone in two-hours sessions for three weeks, then underwent an initial drug seeking test under extinction conditions after one week of forced abstinence. Following this test, rats received either EE or remained individually housed in their home cage, then a second drug seeking test, with tissue collection immediately afterward. RESULTS Compared to rats in standard housing, environmentally enriched rats had lower oxycodone seeking. In the prelimbic and infralimbic prefrontal cortices, the number of c-Fos+ cells was reduced, and this reduction was predominantly in inhibitory cells neurons, as evidenced by a reduction in the proportion of c-Fos+ cells in GAD+, but not CamKII+ cells. There was also a robust positive relationship between the number of c-Fos+ cells and persistence of oxycodone seeking in both the PrL and IL. CONCLUSIONS These findings further support the effectiveness of enriched environments to reduce reactivity to drug-associated stimuli and contexts and provide a potential mechanism by which this occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Glaeser
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Valeria Panariello
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Current Address: Department of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 14 CH-Fribourg1700 Switzerland
| | - Anjishnu Banerjee
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Christopher M Olsen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bahl E, Chatterjee S, Mukherjee U, Elsadany M, Vanrobaeys Y, Lin LC, McDonough M, Resch J, Giese KP, Abel T, Michaelson JJ. Using deep learning to quantify neuronal activation from single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data. Nat Commun 2024; 15:779. [PMID: 38278804 PMCID: PMC10817898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity-dependent transcription directs molecular processes that regulate synaptic plasticity, brain circuit development, behavioral adaptation, and long-term memory. Single cell RNA-sequencing technologies (scRNAseq) are rapidly developing and allow for the interrogation of activity-dependent transcription at cellular resolution. Here, we present NEUROeSTIMator, a deep learning model that integrates transcriptomic signals to estimate neuronal activation in a way that we demonstrate is associated with Patch-seq electrophysiological features and that is robust against differences in species, cell type, and brain region. We demonstrate this method's ability to accurately detect neuronal activity in previously published studies of single cell activity-induced gene expression. Further, we applied our model in a spatial transcriptomic study to identify unique patterns of learning-induced activity across different brain regions in male mice. Altogether, our findings establish NEUROeSTIMator as a powerful and broadly applicable tool for measuring neuronal activation, whether as a critical covariate or a primary readout of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Bahl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Snehajyoti Chatterjee
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Utsav Mukherjee
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Muhammad Elsadany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yann Vanrobaeys
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Li-Chun Lin
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Miriam McDonough
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jon Resch
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K Peter Giese
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ted Abel
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jacob J Michaelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kook YH, Lee H, Lee J, Jeong Y, Rho J, Heo WD, Lee S. AAV-compatible optogenetic tools for activating endogenous calcium channels in vivo. Mol Brain 2023; 16:73. [PMID: 37848907 PMCID: PMC10583393 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) play pivotal roles in regulating diverse brain functions, including cognition, emotion, locomotion, and learning and memory. These functions are intricately regulated by a variety of Ca2+-dependent cellular processes, encompassing synaptic plasticity, neuro/gliotransmitter release, and gene expression. In our previous work, we developed 'monster OptoSTIM1' (monSTIM1), an improved OptoSTIM1 that selectively activates Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels in the plasma membrane through blue light, allowing precise control over intracellular Ca2+ signaling and specific brain functions. However, the large size of the coding sequence of monSTIM1 poses a limitation for its widespread use, as it exceeds the packaging capacity of adeno-associated virus (AAV). To address this constraint, we have introduced monSTIM1 variants with reduced coding sequence sizes and established AAV-based systems for expressing them in neurons and glial cells in the mouse brain. Upon expression by AAVs, these monSTIM1 variants significantly increased the expression levels of cFos in neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 region following non-invasive light illumination. The use of monSTIM1 variants offers a promising avenue for investigating the spatiotemporal roles of Ca2+-mediated cellular activities in various brain functions. Furthermore, this toolkit holds potential as a therapeutic strategy for addressing brain disorders associated with aberrant Ca2+ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Hee Kook
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hyoin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonji Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaerang Rho
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Won Do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mosini A, Mazzonetto P, Calió M, Pompeu C, Massinhani F, Nakamura T, Pires J, Silva C, Porcionatto M, Mello L. Temporal pattern of Fos and Jun families expression after mitogenic stimulation with FGF-2 in rat neural stem cells and fibroblasts. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12546. [PMID: 37703106 PMCID: PMC10496756 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense stimulation of most living cells triggers the activation of immediate early genes, such as Fos and Jun families. These genes are important in cellular and biochemical processes, such as mitosis and cell death. The present study focused on determining the temporal expression pattern of Fos and Jun families in fibroblasts and neural stem cells of cerebellum, hippocampus, and subventricular zone (SVZ) of rats of different ages at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 h after stimulation with fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. In neonates, a similar expression pattern was observed in all cells analyzed, with lower expression in basal condition, peak expression at 0.5 h after stimulation, returning to baseline values between 1 and 3 h after stimulation. On the other hand, cells from adult animals only showed Fra1 and JunD expression after stimulation. In fibroblasts and hippocampus, Fra1 reached peak expression at 0.5 h after stimulation, while in the SVZ, peak level was observed at 6 h after stimulation. JunD in fibroblasts presented two peak expressions, at 0.5 and 6 h after stimulation. Between these periods, the expression observed was at a basal level. Nevertheless, JunD expression in SVZ and hippocampus was low and without significant changes after stimulation. Differences in mRNA expression in neonate and adult animals characterize the significant differences in neurogenesis and cell response to stimulation at different stages of development. Characterizing these differences might be important for the development of cell cultures, replacement therapy, and the understanding of the physiological response profile of different cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Mosini
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - P.C. Mazzonetto
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.L. Calió
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C. Pompeu
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F.H. Massinhani
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T.K.E. Nakamura
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J.M. Pires
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C.S. Silva
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.A. Porcionatto
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L.E. Mello
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jagot F, Gaston-Breton R, Choi AJ, Pascal M, Bourhy L, Dorado-Doncel R, Conzelmann KK, Lledo PM, Lepousez G, Eberl G. The parabrachial nucleus elicits a vigorous corticosterone feedback response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Neuron 2023:S0896-6273(23)00382-3. [PMID: 37279750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system regulates systemic immune responses by integrating the physiological and behavioral constraints faced by an individual. Corticosterone (CS), the release of which is controlled in the hypothalamus by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), is a potent negative regulator of immune responses. Using the mouse model, we report that the parabrachial nucleus (PB), an important hub linking interoceptive afferent information to autonomic and behavioral responses, also integrates the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β signal to induce the CS response. A subpopulation of PB neurons, directly projecting to the PVN and receiving inputs from the vagal complex (VC), responds to IL-1β to drive the CS response. Pharmacogenetic reactivation of these IL-1β-activated PB neurons is sufficient to induce CS-mediated systemic immunosuppression. Our findings demonstrate an efficient brainstem-encoded modality for the central sensing of cytokines and the regulation of systemic immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Jagot
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015 Paris, France; PhD Program, Ecole Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité (BioSpc), Université de Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Romane Gaston-Breton
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ana Jeemin Choi
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France; PhD Program, Ecole Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité (BioSpc), Université de Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maud Pascal
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lena Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Romane Dorado-Doncel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty and Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Pierre-Marie Lledo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Lepousez
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Linghu C, An B, Shpokayte M, Celiker OT, Shmoel N, Zhang R, Zhang C, Park D, Park WM, Ramirez S, Boyden ES. Recording of cellular physiological histories along optically readable self-assembling protein chains. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:640-651. [PMID: 36593405 PMCID: PMC10188365 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Observing cellular physiological histories is key to understanding normal and disease-related processes. Here we describe expression recording islands-a fully genetically encoded approach that enables both continual digital recording of biological information within cells and subsequent high-throughput readout in fixed cells. The information is stored in growing intracellular protein chains made of self-assembling subunits, human-designed filament-forming proteins bearing different epitope tags that each correspond to a different cellular state or function (for example, gene expression downstream of neural activity or pharmacological exposure), allowing the physiological history to be read out along the ordered subunits of protein chains with conventional optical microscopy. We use expression recording islands to record gene expression timecourse downstream of specific pharmacological and physiological stimuli in cultured neurons and in living mouse brain, with a time resolution of a fraction of a day, over periods of days to weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyang Linghu
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Program in Single Cell Spatial Analysis, and Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bobae An
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Monika Shpokayte
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Orhan T Celiker
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nava Shmoel
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Demian Park
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Won Min Park
- Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Steve Ramirez
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- K Lisa Yang Center for Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Neurobiological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miranda L, Bordes J, Gasperoni S, Lopez JP. Increasing resolution in stress neurobiology: from single cells to complex group behaviors. Stress 2023; 26:2186141. [PMID: 36855966 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2186141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress can have severe psychological and physiological consequences. Thus, inappropriate regulation of the stress response is linked to the etiology of mood and anxiety disorders. The generation and implementation of preclinical animal models represent valuable tools to explore and characterize the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders and the development of novel pharmacological strategies. In this commentary, we discuss the strengths and limitations of state-of-the-art molecular and computational advances employed in stress neurobiology research, with a focus on the ever-increasing spatiotemporal resolution in cell biology and behavioral science. Finally, we share our perspective on future directions in the fields of preclinical and human stress research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Miranda
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Joeri Bordes
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Serena Gasperoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Matsuura S, Nishimoto Y, Endo A, Shiraki H, Suzuki K, Segi-Nishida E. Hippocampal Inflammation and Gene Expression Changes in Peripheral Lipopolysaccharide Challenged Mice Showing Sickness and Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1176-1183. [PMID: 37661396 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is often associated with the development of depressive and anxiety disorders. The hippocampus is one of the brain regions affected by inflammation that is associated with these symptoms. However, the mechanism of hippocampal inflammation-induced emotional behavior remains unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify temporal changes in the neuroinflammatory responses in the hippocampus and the response of dentate gyrus (DG) neurons using peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice. LPS administration induced anxiety-like activity in the elevated plus maze test and social interaction test after 24 h, at which time the mice had recovered from sickness behavior. We examined the hippocampal inflammation-related gene expression changes over time. The expression of interleukin-1β (Il1b) and tumor necrosis factor α (Tnfa) was rapidly enhanced and sustained until 24 h after LPS administration, whereas the expression of Il6 was transiently induced at approx. 6 h. IL-6-dependent downstream signaling of transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was also activated approx. 3-6 h after LPS treatment. The expression of innate immune genes including interferon-induced transmembrane proteins such as interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (Ifitm1) and Ifitm3 and complement factors such as C1qa and C1qb started to increase approx. 6 h and showed sustained or further increase at 24 h. We also examined changes in the expression of several maturation markers in the DG and found that LPS enhanced the expression of calbindin 1 (Calb1), tryptophan-2,3-dioxigenase 2 (Tdo2), Il1rl, and neurotrophin-3 (Ntf3) at 24 h after LPS treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate temporal changes of inflammation and gene expression in the hippocampus in LPS-induced sickness and anxiety-like behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumire Matsuura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yuki Nishimoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Akane Endo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Hirono Shiraki
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kanzo Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Eri Segi-Nishida
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qiu Y, O’Neill N, Maffei B, Zourray C, Almacellas-Barbanoj A, Carpenter JC, Jones SP, Leite M, Turner TJ, Moreira FC, Snowball A, Shekh-Ahmad T, Magloire V, Barral S, Kurian MA, Walker MC, Schorge S, Kullmann DM, Lignani G. On-demand cell-autonomous gene therapy for brain circuit disorders. Science 2022; 378:523-532. [PMID: 36378958 PMCID: PMC7613996 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq6656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by intermittent episodes of pathological activity. Although genetic therapies offer the ability to modulate neuronal excitability, a limiting factor is that they do not discriminate between neurons involved in circuit pathologies and "healthy" surrounding or intermingled neurons. We describe a gene therapy strategy that down-regulates the excitability of overactive neurons in closed loop, which we tested in models of epilepsy. We used an immediate early gene promoter to drive the expression of Kv1.1 potassium channels specifically in hyperactive neurons, and only for as long as they exhibit abnormal activity. Neuronal excitability was reduced by seizure-related activity, leading to a persistent antiepileptic effect without interfering with normal behaviors. Activity-dependent gene therapy is a promising on-demand cell-autonomous treatment for brain circuit disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Qiu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathanael O’Neill
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benito Maffei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clara Zourray
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research Into Rare Disease in Children, GOS−Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda Almacellas-Barbanoj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jenna C. Carpenter
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steffan P. Jones
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Leite
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J. Turner
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francisco C. Moreira
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Albert Snowball
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Magloire
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Serena Barral
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research Into Rare Disease in Children, GOS−Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manju A. Kurian
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research Into Rare Disease in Children, GOS−Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Matthew C. Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Schorge
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology University College London, London, UK
| | - Dimitri M. Kullmann
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriele Lignani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cummings KA, Bayshtok S, Dong TN, Kenny PJ, Clem RL. Control of fear by discrete prefrontal GABAergic populations encoding valence-specific information. Neuron 2022; 110:3036-3052.e5. [PMID: 35944526 PMCID: PMC10009874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurons activated by learning have been ascribed the unique potential to encode memory, but the functional contribution of discrete cell types remains poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear whether learning engages specific GABAergic interneurons and, if so, whether they differ functionally from interneurons recruited by other experiences. Here, we show that fear conditioning activates a heterogeneous neuronal population in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that is largely comprised of somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs). Using intersectional genetic approaches, we demonstrate that fear-learning-activated SST-INs exhibit distinct circuit properties and are selectively reactivated to mediate cue-evoked memory expression. In contrast, an orthogonal population of SST-INs activated by morphine experience exerts opposing control over fear and supports reward-like motivational effects. These results outline an important role for discrete subsets of GABAergic cells in emotional learning and point to an unappreciated capacity for functional specialization among SST-INs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie A Cummings
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Sabina Bayshtok
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tri N Dong
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger L Clem
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barykina NV, Karasev MM, Verkhusha VV, Shcherbakova DM. Technologies for large-scale mapping of functional neural circuits active during a user-defined time window. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 216:102290. [PMID: 35654210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mapping of neural circuits activated during behavior down to individual neurons is crucial for decoding how the brain processes information. Technologies allowing activity-dependent labeling of neurons during user-defined restricted time windows are rapidly developing. Precise marking of the time window with light, in addition to chemicals, is now possible. In these technologies, genetically encoded molecules integrate molecular events resulting from neuronal activity with light/drug-dependent events. The outputs are either changes in fluorescence or activation of gene expression. Molecular reporters allow labeling of activated neurons for visualization and cell-type identification. The transcriptional readout also allows further control of activated neuronal populations using optogenetic tools as reporters. Here we review the design of these technologies and discuss their demonstrated applications to reveal previously unknown connections in the mammalian brain. We also consider the strengths and weaknesses of the current approaches and provide a perspective for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Barykina
- P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow 125315, Russia; Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Maksim M Karasev
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Department of Genetics, and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Daria M Shcherbakova
- Department of Genetics, and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Prediction-error neurons in circuits with multiple neuron types: Formation, refinement, and functional implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115699119. [PMID: 35320037 PMCID: PMC9060484 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115699119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An influential idea in neuroscience is that neural circuits do not only passively process sensory information but rather actively compare them with predictions thereof. A core element of this comparison is prediction-error neurons, the activity of which only changes upon mismatches between actual and predicted sensory stimuli. While it has been shown that these prediction-error neurons come in different variants, it is largely unresolved how they are simultaneously formed and shaped by highly interconnected neural networks. By using a computational model, we study the circuit-level mechanisms that give rise to different variants of prediction-error neurons. Our results shed light on the formation, refinement, and robustness of prediction-error circuits, an important step toward a better understanding of predictive processing. Predictable sensory stimuli do not evoke significant responses in a subset of cortical excitatory neurons. Some of those neurons, however, change their activity upon mismatches between actual and predicted stimuli. Different variants of these prediction-error neurons exist, and they differ in their responses to unexpected sensory stimuli. However, it is unclear how these variants can develop and coexist in the same recurrent network and how they are simultaneously shaped by the astonishing diversity of inhibitory interneurons. Here, we study these questions in a computational network model with three types of inhibitory interneurons. We find that balancing excitation and inhibition in multiple pathways gives rise to heterogeneous prediction-error circuits. Dependent on the network’s initial connectivity and distribution of actual and predicted sensory inputs, these circuits can form different variants of prediction-error neurons that are robust to network perturbations and generalize to stimuli not seen during learning. These variants can be learned simultaneously via homeostatic inhibitory plasticity with low baseline firing rates. Finally, we demonstrate that prediction-error neurons can support biased perception, we illustrate a number of functional implications, and we discuss testable predictions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Enzymatic Degradation of Cortical Perineuronal Nets Reverses GABAergic Interneuron Maturation. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2874-2893. [PMID: 35233718 PMCID: PMC9016038 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialised extracellular matrix structures which preferentially enwrap fast-spiking (FS) parvalbumin interneurons and have diverse roles in the cortex. PNN maturation coincides with closure of the critical period of cortical plasticity. We have previously demonstrated that BDNF accelerates interneuron development in a c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)–dependent manner, which may involve upstream thousand-and-one amino acid kinase 2 (TAOK2). Chondroitinase-ABC (ChABC) enzymatic digestion of PNNs reportedly reactivates ‘juvenile-like’ plasticity in the adult CNS. However, the mechanisms involved are unclear. We show that ChABC produces an immature molecular phenotype in cultured cortical neurons, corresponding to the phenotype prior to critical period closure. ChABC produced different patterns of PNN-related, GABAergic and immediate early (IE) gene expression than well-characterised modulators of mature plasticity and network activity (GABAA-R antagonist, bicuculline, and sodium-channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX)). ChABC downregulated JNK activity, while this was upregulated by bicuculline. Bicuculline, but not ChABC, upregulated Bdnf expression and ERK activity. Furthermore, we found that BDNF upregulation of semaphorin-3A and IE genes was TAOK mediated. Our data suggest that ChABC heightens structural flexibility and network disinhibition, potentially contributing to ‘juvenile-like’ plasticity. The molecular phenotype appears to be distinct from heightened mature synaptic plasticity and could relate to JNK signalling. Finally, we highlight that BDNF regulation of plasticity and PNNs involves TAOK signalling.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tomé DF, Sadeh S, Clopath C. Coordinated hippocampal-thalamic-cortical communication crucial for engram dynamics underneath systems consolidation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:840. [PMID: 35149680 PMCID: PMC8837777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems consolidation refers to the time-dependent reorganization of memory representations or engrams across brain regions. Despite recent advancements in unravelling this process, the exact mechanisms behind engram dynamics and the role of associated pathways remain largely unknown. Here we propose a biologically-plausible computational model to address this knowledge gap. By coordinating synaptic plasticity timescales and incorporating a hippocampus-thalamus-cortex circuit, our model is able to couple engram reactivations across these regions and thereby reproduce key dynamics of cortical and hippocampal engram cells along with their interdependencies. Decoupling hippocampal-thalamic-cortical activity disrupts systems consolidation. Critically, our model yields testable predictions regarding hippocampal and thalamic engram cells, inhibitory engrams, thalamic inhibitory input, and the effect of thalamocortical synaptic coupling on retrograde amnesia induced by hippocampal lesions. Overall, our results suggest that systems consolidation emerges from coupled reactivations of engram cells in distributed brain regions enabled by coordinated synaptic plasticity timescales in multisynaptic subcortical-cortical circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadra Sadeh
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Clopath
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chun EK, Donovan M, Liu Y, Wang Z. Behavioral, neurochemical, and neuroimmune changes associated with social buffering and stress contagion. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 16:100427. [PMID: 35036478 PMCID: PMC8749234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Social buffering can provide protective effects on stress responses and their subsequent negative health outcomes. Although social buffering is beneficial for the recipient, it can also have anxiogenic effects on the provider of the social buffering - a phenomena referred to as stress contagion. Social buffering and stress contagion usually occur together, but they have traditionally been studied independently, thus limiting our understanding of this dyadic social interaction. In the present study, we examined the effects of preventative social buffering and stress contagion in socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). We tested the hypothesis that this dynamic social interaction is associated with coordinated alterations in behaviors, neurochemical activation, and neuroimmune responses. To do so, adult male prairie voles were stressed via an acute immobilization restraint tube (IMO) either alone (Alone) or with their previously pair-bonded female partner (Partner) in the cage for 1 h. In contrast, females were placed in a cage containing either an empty IMO tube (Empty) or one that contained their pair-bonded male (Partner). Anxiety-like behavior was tested on the elevated plus maze (EPM) following the 60-mins test and brain sections were processed for neurochemical/neuroimmune marker labeling for all subjects. Our data indicate that females in the Partner group were in contact with and sniffed the IMO tube more, showed fewer anxiety-like behaviors, and had a higher level of oxytocin expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) compared to the Empty group females. Males in the Partner group had lower levels of anxiety-like behavior during the EPM test, greater activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the PVN, lower activation of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe, and lower levels of microgliosis in the nucleus accumbens. Taken together, these data suggest brain region- and neurochemical-specific alterations as well as neuroinflammatory changes that may be involved in the regulation of social buffering and stress contagion behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen K. Chun
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Meghan Donovan
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, 1700 N Wheeling St, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang Y, VanDongen AMJ. Selective increase of correlated activity in Arc-positive neurons after chemically induced long-term potentiation in cultured hippocampal neurons. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0540-20.2021. [PMID: 34782348 PMCID: PMC8658543 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0540-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity-dependent expression of immediate-early genes (IEGs) has been utilised to label memory traces. However, their roles in engram specification are incompletely understood. Outstanding questions remain as to whether expression of IEGs can interplay with network properties such as functional connectivity and also if neurons expressing different IEGs are functionally distinct. In order to connect IEG expression at the cellular level with changes in functional-connectivity, we investigated the expression of 2 IEGs, Arc and c-Fos, in cultured hippocampal neurons. Primary neuronal cultures were treated with a chemical cocktail (4-aminopyridine, bicuculline, and forskolin) to increase neuronal activity, IEG expression, and induce chemical long-term potentiation. Neuronal firing is assayed by intracellular calcium imaging using GCaMP6m and expression of IEGs is assessed by immunofluorescence staining. We noted an emergent network property of refinement in network activity, characterized by a global downregulation of correlated activity, together with an increase in correlated activity between subsets of specific neurons. Subsequently, we show that Arc expression correlates with the effects of refinement, as the increase in correlated activity occurs specifically between Arc-positive neurons. The expression patterns of the IEGs c-Fos and Arc strongly overlap, but Arc was more selectively expressed than c-Fos. A subpopulation of neurons positive for both Arc and c-Fos shows increased correlated activity, while correlated firing between Arc+/cFos- neurons is reduced. Our results relate neuronal activity-dependent expression of the IEGs Arc and c-Fos on the individual cellular level to changes in correlated activity of the neuronal network.SIGNIFICANCEEstablishing a stable long-lasting memory requires neuronal network-level changes in connection strengths in a subset of neurons, which together constitute a memory trace or engram. Two genes, c-Fos and Arc, have been implicated to play critical roles in the formation of the engram. They have been studied extensively at the cellular/molecular level, and have been used as markers of memory traces in mice. We have correlated Arc and c-Fos cellular expression with refinement of correlated neuronal activity following pharmacological activation of networks formed by cultured hippocampal neurons. Whereas there is a global loss of correlated activity, Arc-positive neurons show selectively increased correlated activity. Arc is more selectively expressed than c-Fos, but the two genes act together in encoding information about changes in correlated firing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Jiang
- Program for Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Antonius M J VanDongen
- Program for Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Torres ERS, Stanojlovic M, Zelikowsky M, Bonsberger J, Hean S, Mulligan C, Baldauf L, Fleming S, Masliah E, Chesselet MF, Fanselow MS, Richter F. Alpha-synuclein pathology, microgliosis, and parvalbumin neuron loss in the amygdala associated with enhanced fear in the Thy1-aSyn model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105478. [PMID: 34390837 PMCID: PMC8447919 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, non-motor symptoms often precede the development of debilitating motor symptoms and present a severe impact on the quality of life. Lewy bodies containing misfolded α-synuclein progressively develop in neurons throughout the peripheral and central nervous system, which may be correlated with the early development of non-motor symptoms. Among those, increased fear and anxiety is frequent in PD and thought to result from pathology outside the dopaminergic system, which has been the focus of symptomatic treatment to alleviate motor symptoms. Alpha-synuclein accumulation has been reported in the amygdala of PD patients, a brain region critically involved in fear and anxiety. Here we asked whether α-synuclein overexpression alone is sufficient to induce an enhanced fear phenotype in vivo and which pathological mechanisms are involved. Transgenic mice expressing human wild-type α-synuclein (Thy1-aSyn), a well-established model of PD, were subjected to fear conditioning followed by extinction and then tested for extinction memory retention followed by histopathological analysis. Thy1-aSyn mice showed enhanced tone fear across acquisition and extinction compared to wild-type littermates, as well as a trend to less retention of fear extinction. Immunohistochemical analysis of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, a nucleus critically involved in tone fear learning, revealed extensive α-synuclein pathology, with accumulation, phosphorylation, and aggregation of α-synuclein in transgenic mice. This pathology was accompanied by microgliosis and parvalbumin neuron loss in this nucleus, which could explain the enhanced fear phenotype. Importantly, this non-motor phenotype was detected in the pre-clinical phase, prior to dopamine loss in Thy1-aSyn mice, thus replicating observations in patients. Results obtained in this study suggest a possible mechanism by which increased anxiety and maladaptive fear processing may occur in PD, opening a door for therapeutic options and further early biomarker research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Ruth S Torres
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Milos Stanojlovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Moriel Zelikowsky
- Department of Psychology, Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Jana Bonsberger
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sindalana Hean
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Caitlin Mulligan
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Leonie Baldauf
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sheila Fleming
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Michael S Fanselow
- Department of Psychology, Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hanover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Petrisko TJ, Konat GW. Peripheral viral challenge increases c-fos level in cerebral neurons. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1995-2002. [PMID: 34406561 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral viral infection can substantially alter brain function. We have previously shown that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC), engenders hyperexcitability of cerebral neurons. Because neuronal activity is invariably associated with their expression of the Cfos gene, the present study was undertaken to determine whether PIC challenge also increases neuronal c-fos protein level. Female C57BL/6 mice were i.p. injected with PIC, and neuronal c-fos was analyzed in the motor cortex by immunohistochemistry. PIC challenge instigated a robust increase in the number of c-fos-positive neurons. This increase reached approximately tenfold over control at 24 h. Also, the c-fos staining intensity of individual neurons increased. AMG-487, a specific inhibitor of the chemokine receptor CXCR3, profoundly attenuated the accumulation of neuronal c-fos, indicating the activation of CXCL10/CXCR3 axis as the trigger of the process. Together, these results show that the accumulation of c-fos is a viable readout to assess the response of cerebral neurons to peripheral PIC challenge, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Petrisko
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Gregory W Konat
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 4052 HSCN, P.O. Box 9128, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9128, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yoon SH, Song WS, Oh SP, Kim YS, Kim MH. The phosphorylation status of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 indicates neural activity in the brain. Mol Brain 2021; 14:142. [PMID: 34526091 PMCID: PMC8442277 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of neural activity in the specific brain area is critical for understanding the circuit mechanisms underlying altered brain function and behaviors. A number of immediate early genes (IEGs) that are rapidly transcribed in neuronal cells in response to synaptic activity have been used as markers for neuronal activity. However, protein detection of IEGs requires translation, and the amount of newly synthesized gene product is usually insufficient to detect using western blotting, limiting their utility in western blot analysis of brain tissues for comparison of basal activity between control and genetically modified animals. Here, we show that the phosphorylation status of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF2) rapidly changes in response to synaptic and neural activities. Intraperitoneal injections of the GABA A receptor (GABAAR) antagonist picrotoxin and the glycine receptor antagonist brucine rapidly dephosphorylated eEF2. Conversely, potentiation of GABAARs or inhibition of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) induced rapid phosphorylation of eEF2 in both the hippocampus and forebrain of mice. Chemogenetic suppression of hippocampal principal neuron activity promoted eEF2 phosphorylation. Novel context exploration and acute restraint stress rapidly modified the phosphorylation status of hippocampal eEF2. Furthermore, the hippocampal eEF2 phosphorylation levels under basal conditions were reduced in mice exhibiting epilepsy and abnormally enhanced excitability in CA3 pyramidal neurons. Collectively, the results indicated that eEF2 phosphorylation status is sensitive to neural activity and the ratio of phosphorylated eEF2 to total eEF2 could be a molecular signature for estimating neural activity in a specific brain area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ho Yoon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Song
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sung Pyo Oh
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Young Sook Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Gyeonggi, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Giorgi C, Marinelli S. Roles and Transcriptional Responses of Inhibitory Neurons in Learning and Memory. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:689952. [PMID: 34211369 PMCID: PMC8239217 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.689952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a model whereby memories are encoded by sparse ensembles of neurons called engrams, activated during memory encoding and reactivated upon recall. An engram consists of a network of cells that undergo long-lasting modifications of their transcriptional programs and connectivity. Ground-breaking advancements in this field have been made possible by the creative exploitation of the characteristic transcriptional responses of neurons to activity, allowing both engram labeling and manipulation. Nevertheless, numerous aspects of engram cell-type composition and function remain to be addressed. As recent transcriptomic studies have revealed, memory encoding induces persistent transcriptional and functional changes in a plethora of neuronal subtypes and non-neuronal cells, including glutamatergic excitatory neurons, GABAergic inhibitory neurons, and glia cells. Dissecting the contribution of these different cellular classes to memory engram formation and activity is quite a challenging yet essential endeavor. In this review, we focus on the role played by the GABAergic inhibitory component of the engram through two complementary lenses. On one hand, we report on available physiological evidence addressing the involvement of inhibitory neurons to different stages of memory formation, consolidation, storage and recall. On the other, we capitalize on a growing number of transcriptomic studies that profile the transcriptional response of inhibitory neurons to activity, revealing important clues on their potential involvement in learning and memory processes. The picture that emerges suggests that inhibitory neurons are an essential component of the engram, likely involved in engram allocation, in tuning engram excitation and in storing the memory trace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Giorgi
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy.,European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Fondazione Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Marinelli
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Fondazione Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ryan TJ, Ortega-de San Luis C, Pezzoli M, Sen S. Engram cell connectivity: an evolving substrate for information storage. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 67:215-225. [PMID: 33812274 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding memory requires an explanation for how information can be stored in the brain in a stable state. The change in the brain that accounts for a given memory is referred to as an engram. In recent years, the term engram has been operationalized as the cells that are activated by a learning experience, undergoes plasticity, and are sufficient and necessary for memory recall. Using this framework, and a growing toolbox of related experimental techniques, engram manipulation has become a central topic in behavioral, systems, and molecular neuroscience. Recent research on the topic has provided novel insights into the mechanisms of long-term memory storage, and its overlap with instinct. We propose that memory and instinct may be embodied as isomorphic topological structures within the brain's microanatomical circuitry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Clara Ortega-de San Luis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Maurizio Pezzoli
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Siddhartha Sen
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices and School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Okada M, Kono R, Sato Y, Kobayashi C, Koyama R, Ikegaya Y. Highly active neurons emerging in vitro. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:1322-1329. [PMID: 33656933 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00663.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mean firing rates vary across neurons in a neuronal network. Although most neurons infrequently emit spikes, a small fraction of neurons exhibit extremely high frequencies of spikes; this fraction of neurons plays a pivotal role in information processing, however, little is known about how these outliers emerge and whether they are maintained over time. In primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons, we traced highly active neurons every 24 h for 7 wk by optically observing the fluorescent protein dVenus; the expression of dVenus was controlled by the promoter of Arc, an immediate early gene that is induced by neuronal activity. Under default-mode conditions, 0.3%-0.4% of neurons were spontaneously Arc-dVenus positive, exhibiting high firing rates. These neurons were spatially clustered, exhibited intermittently repeated dVenus expression, and often continued to express Arc-dVenus for approximately 2 wk. Thus, highly active neurons constitute a few select functional subpopulations in the neuronal network.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The overdispersion of neuronal activity levels can often be attributed to very few neurons exhibiting extremely high firing rates, but due to technical difficulty, no studies have examined how these outliers are selected during development and whether they are maintained over time. We optically monitored highly active neurons for as long as 7 wk in vitro and found that they constituted a unique population that was different from other "mediocre" neurons with normal firing rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rena Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim CK, Sanchez MI, Hoerbelt P, Fenno LE, Malenka RC, Deisseroth K, Ting AY. A Molecular Calcium Integrator Reveals a Striatal Cell Type Driving Aversion. Cell 2020; 183:2003-2019.e16. [PMID: 33308478 PMCID: PMC9839359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability to record transient cellular events in the DNA or RNA of cells would enable precise, large-scale analysis, selection, and reprogramming of heterogeneous cell populations. Here, we report a molecular technology for stable genetic tagging of cells that exhibit activity-related increases in intracellular calcium concentration (FLiCRE). We used FLiCRE to transcriptionally label activated neural ensembles in the nucleus accumbens of the mouse brain during brief stimulation of aversive inputs. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we detected FLiCRE transcripts among the endogenous transcriptome, providing simultaneous readout of both cell-type and calcium activation history. We identified a cell type in the nucleus accumbens activated downstream of long-range excitatory projections. Taking advantage of FLiCRE's modular design, we expressed an optogenetic channel selectively in this cell type and showed that direct recruitment of this otherwise genetically inaccessible population elicits behavioral aversion. The specificity and minute resolution of FLiCRE enables molecularly informed characterization, manipulation, and reprogramming of activated cellular ensembles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina K. Kim
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mateo I. Sanchez
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Paul Hoerbelt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lief E. Fenno
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert C. Malenka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Correspondence to: or
| | - Alice Y. Ting
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Lead contact:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jia Y, Guler U, Lai YP, Gong Y, Weber A, Li W, Ghovanloo M. A Trimodal Wireless Implantable Neural Interface System-on-Chip. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2020; 14:1207-1217. [PMID: 33180731 PMCID: PMC7814662 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2020.3037452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A wireless and battery-less trimodal neural interface system-on-chip (SoC), capable of 16-ch neural recording, 8-ch electrical stimulation, and 16-ch optical stimulation, all integrated on a 5 × 3 mm2 chip fabricated in 0.35-μm standard CMOS process. The trimodal SoC is designed to be inductively powered and communicated. The downlink data telemetry utilizes on-off keying pulse-position modulation (OOK-PPM) of the power carrier to deliver configuration and control commands at 50 kbps. The analog front-end (AFE) provides adjustable mid-band gain of 55-70 dB, low/high cut-off frequencies of 1-100 Hz/10 kHz, and input-referred noise of 3.46 μVrms within 1 Hz-50 kHz band. AFE outputs of every two-channel are digitized by a 50 kS/s 10-bit SAR-ADC, and multiplexed together to form a 6.78 Mbps data stream to be sent out by OOK modulating a 434 MHz RF carrier through a power amplifier (PA) and 6 cm monopole antenna, which form the uplink data telemetry. Optical stimulation has a switched-capacitor based stimulation (SCS) architecture, which can sequentially charge four storage capacitor banks up to 4 V and discharge them in selected μLEDs at instantaneous current levels of up to 24.8 mA on demand. Electrical stimulation is supported by four independently driven stimulating sites at 5-bit controllable current levels in ±(25-775) μA range, while active/passive charge balancing circuits ensure safety. In vivo testing was conducted on four anesthetized rats to verify the functionality of the trimodal SoC.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sohrabi F, Jahani Y, Sanchez-Mut JV, Mohammadi E, Barzegar Z, Li X, Glauser L, Gräff J, Hamidi SM. Membrane activity detection in cultured cells using phase-sensitive plasmonics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:36643-36655. [PMID: 33379754 DOI: 10.1364/oe.399713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the existence of various neural recording and mapping techniques, there is an open territory for the emergence of novel techniques. The current neural imaging and recording techniques suffer from invasiveness, a time-consuming labeling process, poor spatial/ temporal resolution, and noisy signals. Among others, neuroplasmonics is a label-free and nontoxic recording technique with no issue of photo-bleaching or signal-averaging. We introduced an integrated plasmonic-ellipsometry platform for membrane activity detection with cost-effective and high-quality grating extracted from commercial DVDs. With ellipsometry technique, one can measure both amplitude (intensity) and phase difference of reflected light simultaneously with high signal to noise ratio close to surface plasmon resonances, which leads to the enhancement of sensitivity in plasmonic techniques. We cultured three different types of cells (primary hippocampal neurons, neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells) on the grating surface. By introducing KCl solution as a chemical stimulus, we can differentiate the neural activity of distinct cell types and observe the signaling event in a label-free, optical recording platform. This method has potential applications in recording neural signal activity without labeling and stimulation artifacts.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cinalli DA, Cohen SJ, Guthrie K, Stackman RW. Object Recognition Memory: Distinct Yet Complementary Roles of the Mouse CA1 and Perirhinal Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:527543. [PMID: 33192287 PMCID: PMC7642692 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.527543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the essential contribution of the hippocampus to spatial memory is well established, object recognition memory has been traditionally attributed to the perirhinal cortex (PRh). However, the results of several studies indicate that under specific procedural conditions, temporary or permanent lesions of the hippocampus affect object memory processes as measured in the Spontaneous Object Recognition (SOR) task. The PRh and hippocampus are considered to contribute distinctly to object recognition memory based on memory strength. Allowing mice more, or less, exploration of novel objects during the encoding phase of the task (i.e., sample session), yields stronger, or weaker, object memory, respectively. The current studies employed temporary local inactivation and immunohistochemistry to determine the differential contributions of neuronal activity in PRh and the CA1 region of the hippocampus to strong and weak object memory. Temporary inactivation of the CA1 immediately after the SOR sample session impaired strong object memory but spared weak object memory; while temporary inactivation of PRh post-sample impaired weak object memory but spared strong object memory. Furthermore, mRNA transcription and de novo protein synthesis are required for the consolidation of episodic memory, and activation patterns of immediate early genes (IEGs), such as c-Fos and Arc, are linked to behaviorally triggered neuronal activation and synaptic plasticity. Analyses of c-Fos and Arc protein expression in PRh and CA1 neurons by immunohistochemistry, and of Arc mRNA by qPCR after distinct stages of SOR, provide additional support that strong object memory is dependent on CA1 neuronal activity, while weak object memory is dependent on PRh neuronal activity. Taken together, the results support the view that both PRh and CA1 are required for object memory under distinct conditions. Specifically, our results are consistent with a model that as the mouse begins to explore a novel object, information about it accumulates within PRh, and a weak memory of the object is encoded. If object exploration continues beyond some threshold, strong memory for the event of object exploration is encoded; the consolidation of which is CA1-dependent. These data serve to reconcile the dissension in the literature by demonstrating functional and complementary roles for CA1 and PRh neurons in rodent object memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Cinalli
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States.,Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Sarah J Cohen
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States.,Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Kathleen Guthrie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.,FAU Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Robert W Stackman
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States.,Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.,Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.,FAU Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gobbo F, Cattaneo A. Neuronal Activity at Synapse Resolution: Reporters and Effectors for Synaptic Neuroscience. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:572312. [PMID: 33192296 PMCID: PMC7609880 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.572312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of methods for the activity-dependent tagging of neurons enabled a new way to tackle the problem of engram identification at the cellular level, giving rise to groundbreaking findings in the field of memory studies. However, the resolution of activity-dependent tagging remains limited to the whole-cell level. Notably, events taking place at the synapse level play a critical role in the establishment of new memories, and strong experimental evidence shows that learning and synaptic plasticity are tightly linked. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the currently available techniques that enable to identify and track the neuronal activity with synaptic spatial resolution. We also present recent technologies that allow to selectively interfere with specific subsets of synapses. Lastly, we discuss how these technologies can be applied to the study of learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gobbo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rabut C, Yoo S, Hurt RC, Jin Z, Li H, Guo H, Ling B, Shapiro MG. Ultrasound Technologies for Imaging and Modulating Neural Activity. Neuron 2020; 108:93-110. [PMID: 33058769 PMCID: PMC7577369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing and perturbing neural activity on a brain-wide scale in model animals and humans is a major goal of neuroscience technology development. Established electrical and optical techniques typically break down at this scale due to inherent physical limitations. In contrast, ultrasound readily permeates the brain, and in some cases the skull, and interacts with tissue with a fundamental resolution on the order of 100 μm and 1 ms. This basic ability has motivated major efforts to harness ultrasound as a modality for large-scale brain imaging and modulation. These efforts have resulted in already-useful neuroscience tools, including high-resolution hemodynamic functional imaging, focused ultrasound neuromodulation, and local drug delivery. Furthermore, recent breakthroughs promise to connect ultrasound to neurons at the genetic level for biomolecular imaging and sonogenetic control. In this article, we review the state of the art and ongoing developments in ultrasonic neurotechnology, building from fundamental principles to current utility, open questions, and future potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rabut
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sangjin Yoo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Hurt
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyang Jin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hongyi Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hongsun Guo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bill Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Greer K, Basso EKG, Kelly C, Cash A, Kowalski E, Cerna S, Ocampo CT, Wang X, Theus MH. Abrogation of atypical neurogenesis and vascular-derived EphA4 prevents repeated mild TBI-induced learning and memory impairments. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15374. [PMID: 32958852 PMCID: PMC7506550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain injury resulting from repeated mild traumatic insult is associated with cognitive dysfunction and other chronic co-morbidities. The current study tested the effects of aberrant neurogenesis in a mouse model of repeated mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI). Using Barnes Maze analysis, we found a significant reduction in spatial learning and memory at 24 days post-rmTBI compared to repeated sham (rSham) injury. Cell fate analysis showed a greater number of BrdU-labeled cells which co-expressed Prox-1 in the DG of rmTBI-injured mice which coincided with enhanced cFos expression for neuronal activity. We then selectively ablated dividing neural progenitor cells using a 7-day continuous infusion of Ara-C prior to rSham or rmTBI. This resulted in attenuation of cFos and BrdU-labeled cell changes and prevented associated learning and memory deficits. We further showed this phenotype was ameliorated in EphA4f./f/Tie2-Cre knockout compared to EphA4f./f wild type mice, which coincided with altered mRNA transcript levels of MCP-1, Cx43 and TGFβ. These findings demonstrate that cognitive decline is associated with an increased presence of immature neurons and gene expression changes in the DG following rmTBI. Our data also suggests that vascular EphA4-mediated neurogenic remodeling adversely affects learning and memory behavior in response to repeated insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kisha Greer
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | | - Colin Kelly
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Alison Cash
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kowalski
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Steven Cerna
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Collin Tanchanco Ocampo
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Michelle H Theus
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sha F, Abdelfattah AS, Patel R, Schreiter ER. Erasable labeling of neuronal activity using a reversible calcium marker. eLife 2020; 9:57249. [PMID: 32931424 PMCID: PMC7492087 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the brain encodes and processes information requires the recording of neural activity that underlies different behaviors. Recent efforts in fluorescent protein engineering have succeeded in developing powerful tools for visualizing neural activity, in general by coupling neural activity to different properties of a fluorescent protein scaffold. Here, we take advantage of a previously unexploited class of reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins to engineer a new type of calcium sensor. We introduce rsCaMPARI, a genetically encoded calcium marker engineered from a reversibly switchable fluorescent protein that enables spatiotemporally precise marking, erasing, and remarking of active neuron populations under brief, user-defined time windows of light exposure. rsCaMPARI photoswitching kinetics are modulated by calcium concentration when illuminating with blue light, and the fluorescence can be reset with violet light. We demonstrate the utility of rsCaMPARI for marking and remarking active neuron populations in freely swimming zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fern Sha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, United States
| | - Ahmed S Abdelfattah
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, United States
| | - Ronak Patel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, United States
| | - Eric R Schreiter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tian T, Li X. Applications of tissue clearing in the spinal cord. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4019-4036. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing International Cooperation Bases for Science and Technology on Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sharma PK, Wells L, Rizzo G, Elson JL, Passchier J, Rabiner EA, Gunn RN, Dexter DT, Pienaar IS. DREADD Activation of Pedunculopontine Cholinergic Neurons Reverses Motor Deficits and Restores Striatal Dopamine Signaling in Parkinsonian Rats. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1120-1141. [PMID: 31965550 PMCID: PMC7609798 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The brainstem-based pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) traditionally associates with motor function, but undergoes extensive degeneration during Parkinson's disease (PD), which correlates with axial motor deficits. PPN-deep brain stimulation (DBS) can alleviate certain symptoms, but its mechanism(s) of action remains unknown. We previously characterized rats hemi-intranigrally injected with the proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin, as an accurate preclinical model of PD. Here we used a combination of chemogenetics with positron emission tomography imaging for in vivo interrogation of discrete neural networks in this rat model of PD. Stimulation of excitatory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs expressed within PPN cholinergic neurons activated residual nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to produce profound motor recovery, which correlated with striatal dopamine efflux as well as restored dopamine receptor 1- and dopamine receptor 2-based medium spiny neuron activity, as was ascertained with c-Fos-based immunohistochemistry and stereological cell counts. By revealing that the improved axial-related motor functions seen in PD patients receiving PPN-DBS may be due to stimulation of remaining PPN cholinergic neurons interacting with dopaminergic ones in both the substantia nigra pars compacta and the striatum, our data strongly favor the PPN cholinergic-midbrain dopaminergic connectome as mechanism for PPN-DBS's therapeutic effects. These findings have implications for refining PPN-DBS as a promising treatment modality available to PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet K Sharma
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lisa Wells
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gaia Rizzo
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jan Passchier
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David T Dexter
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ilse S Pienaar
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9PH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
A mm-Sized Free-Floating Wireless Implantable Opto-Electro Stimulation Device. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11060621. [PMID: 32630557 PMCID: PMC7345121 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Towards a distributed neural interface, consisting of multiple miniaturized implants, for interfacing with large-scale neuronal ensembles over large brain areas, this paper presents a mm-sized free-floating wirelessly-powered implantable opto-electro stimulation (FF-WIOS2) device equipped with 16-ch optical and 4-ch electrical stimulation for reconfigurable neuromodulation. The FF-WIOS2 is wirelessly powered and controlled through a 3-coil inductive link at 60 MHz. The FF-WIOS2 receives stimulation parameters via on-off keying (OOK) while sending its rectified voltage information to an external headstage for closed-loop power control (CLPC) via load-shift-keying (LSK). The FF-WIOS2 system-on-chip (SoC), fabricated in a 0.35-µm standard CMOS process, employs switched-capacitor-based stimulation (SCS) architecture to provide large instantaneous current needed for surpassing the optical stimulation threshold. The SCS charger charges an off-chip capacitor up to 5 V at 37% efficiency. At the onset of stimulation, the capacitor delivers charge with peak current in 1.7–12 mA range to a micro-LED (µLED) array for optical stimulation or 100–700 μA range to a micro-electrode array (MEA) for biphasic electrical stimulation. Active and passive charge balancing circuits are activated in electrical stimulation mode to ensure stimulation safety. In vivo experiments conducted on three anesthetized rats verified the efficacy of the two stimulation mechanisms. The proposed FF-WIOS2 is potentially a reconfigurable tool for performing untethered neuromodulation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Sun X, Bernstein MJ, Meng M, Rao S, Sørensen AT, Yao L, Zhang X, Anikeeva PO, Lin Y. Functionally Distinct Neuronal Ensembles within the Memory Engram. Cell 2020; 181:410-423.e17. [PMID: 32187527 PMCID: PMC7166195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Memories are believed to be encoded by sparse ensembles of neurons in the brain. However, it remains unclear whether there is functional heterogeneity within individual memory engrams, i.e., if separate neuronal subpopulations encode distinct aspects of the memory and drive memory expression differently. Here, we show that contextual fear memory engrams in the mouse dentate gyrus contain functionally distinct neuronal ensembles, genetically defined by the Fos- or Npas4-dependent transcriptional pathways. The Fos-dependent ensemble promotes memory generalization and receives enhanced excitatory synaptic inputs from the medial entorhinal cortex, which we find itself also mediates generalization. The Npas4-dependent ensemble promotes memory discrimination and receives enhanced inhibitory drive from local cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons, the activity of which is required for discrimination. Our study provides causal evidence for functional heterogeneity within the memory engram and reveals synaptic and circuit mechanisms used by each ensemble to regulate the memory discrimination-generalization balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Sun
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Max J Bernstein
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Meizhen Meng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Siyuan Rao
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andreas T Sørensen
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Polina O Anikeeva
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yingxi Lin
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vassilev P, Avvisati R, Koya E, Badiani A. Distinct Populations of Neurons Activated by Heroin and Cocaine in the Striatum as Assessed by catFISH. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0394-19.2019. [PMID: 31937522 PMCID: PMC7005257 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0394-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the still prevailing notion of a shared substrate of action for all addictive drugs, there is evidence suggesting that opioid and psychostimulant drugs differ substantially in terms of their neurobiological and behavioral effects. These differences may reflect separate neural circuits engaged by the two drugs. Here we used the catFISH (cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescence in situ hybridization) technique to investigate the degree of overlap between neurons engaged by heroin versus cocaine in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The catFISH technique is a within-subject procedure that takes advantage of the different transcriptional time course of the immediate-early genes homer 1a and arc to determine to what extent two stimuli separated by an interval of 25 min engage the same neuronal population. We found that throughout the striatal complex the neuronal populations activated by noncontingent intravenous injections of cocaine (800 μg/kg) and heroin (100 and 200 μg/kg), administered at an interval of 25 min from each other, overlapped to a much lesser extent than in the case of two injections of cocaine (800 μg/kg), also 25 min apart. The greatest reduction in overlap between populations activated by cocaine and heroin was in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum (∼30% and ∼22%, respectively, of the overlap observed for the sequence cocaine-cocaine). Our results point toward a significant separation between neuronal populations activated by heroin and cocaine in the striatal complex. We propose that our findings are a proof of concept that these two drugs are encoded differently in a brain area believed to be a common neurobiological substrate to drug abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Vassilev
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Avvisati
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Eisuke Koya
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Aldo Badiani
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Neuronal ensemble-specific DNA methylation strengthens engram stability. Nat Commun 2020; 11:639. [PMID: 32005851 PMCID: PMC6994722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Memories are encoded by memory traces or engrams, represented within subsets of neurons that are synchronously activated during learning. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive engram stabilization during consolidation and consequently ensure its reactivation by memory recall are not fully understood. In this study we manipulate, during memory consolidation, the levels of the de novo DNA methyltransferase 3a2 (Dnmt3a2) selectively within dentate gyrus neurons activated by fear conditioning. We found that Dnmt3a2 upregulation enhances memory performance in mice and improves the fidelity of reconstitution of the original neuronal ensemble upon memory retrieval. Moreover, similar manipulation in a sparse, non-engram subset of neurons does not bias engram allocation or modulate memory strength. We further show that neuronal Dnmt3a2 overexpression changes the DNA methylation profile of synaptic plasticity-related genes. Our data implicates DNA methylation selectively within neuronal ensembles as a mechanism of stabilizing engrams during consolidation that supports successful memory retrieval.
Collapse
|
40
|
In Vivo Imaging of the Coupling between Neuronal and CREB Activity in the Mouse Brain. Neuron 2019; 105:799-812.e5. [PMID: 31883788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sensory experiences cause long-term modifications of neuronal circuits by modulating activity-dependent transcription programs that are vital for regulation of long-term synaptic plasticity and memory. However, it has not been possible to precisely determine the interaction between neuronal activity patterns and transcription factor activity. Here we present a technique using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (2pFLIM) with new FRET biosensors to chronically image in vivo signaling of CREB, an activity-dependent transcription factor important for synaptic plasticity, at single-cell resolution. Simultaneous imaging of the red-shifted CREB sensor and GCaMP permitted exploration of how experience shapes the interplay between CREB and neuronal activity in the neocortex of awake mice. Dark rearing increased the sensitivity of CREB activity to Ca2+ elevations and prolonged the duration of CREB activation to more than 24 h in the visual cortex. This technique will allow researchers to unravel the transcriptional dynamics underlying experience-dependent plasticity in the brain.
Collapse
|
41
|
Nakajima M, Schmitt LI. Understanding the circuit basis of cognitive functions using mouse models. Neurosci Res 2019; 152:44-58. [PMID: 31857115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how cognitive functions arise from computations occurring in the brain requires the ability to measure and perturb neural activity while the relevant circuits are engaged for specific cognitive processes. Rapid technical advances have led to the development of new approaches to transiently activate and suppress neuronal activity as well as to record simultaneously from hundreds to thousands of neurons across multiple brain regions during behavior. To realize the full potential of these approaches for understanding cognition, however, it is critical that behavioral conditions and stimuli are effectively designed to engage the relevant brain networks. Here, we highlight recent innovations that enable this combined approach. In particular, we focus on how to design behavioral experiments that leverage the ever-growing arsenal of technologies for controlling and measuring neural activity in order to understand cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nakajima
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - L Ian Schmitt
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Haery L, Deverman BE, Matho KS, Cetin A, Woodard K, Cepko C, Guerin KI, Rego MA, Ersing I, Bachle SM, Kamens J, Fan M. Adeno-Associated Virus Technologies and Methods for Targeted Neuronal Manipulation. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:93. [PMID: 31849618 PMCID: PMC6902037 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-type-specific expression of molecular tools and sensors is critical to construct circuit diagrams and to investigate the activity and function of neurons within the nervous system. Strategies for targeted manipulation include combinations of classical genetic tools such as Cre/loxP and Flp/FRT, use of cis-regulatory elements, targeted knock-in transgenic mice, and gene delivery by AAV and other viral vectors. The combination of these complex technologies with the goal of precise neuronal targeting is a challenge in the lab. This report will discuss the theoretical and practical aspects of combining current technologies and establish best practices for achieving targeted manipulation of specific cell types. Novel applications and tools, as well as areas for development, will be envisioned and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin E. Deverman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Ali Cetin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kenton Woodard
- Penn Vector Core, Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Connie Cepko
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cellular and Synaptic Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: Stepping out of the Striatum. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091005. [PMID: 31470672 PMCID: PMC6769933 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) are a collection of interconnected subcortical nuclei that participate in a great variety of functions, ranging from motor programming and execution to procedural learning, cognition, and emotions. This network is also the region primarily affected by the degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons localized in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). This degeneration causes cellular and synaptic dysfunctions in the BG network, which are responsible for the appearance of the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Dopamine (DA) modulation and the consequences of its loss on the striatal microcircuit have been extensively studied, and because of the discrete nature of DA innervation of other BG nuclei, its action outside the striatum has been considered negligible. However, there is a growing body of evidence supporting functional extrastriatal DA modulation of both cellular excitability and synaptic transmission. In this review, the functional relevance of DA modulation outside the striatum in both normal and pathological conditions will be discussed.
Collapse
|
44
|
Yap EL, Greenberg ME. Activity-Regulated Transcription: Bridging the Gap between Neural Activity and Behavior. Neuron 2019; 100:330-348. [PMID: 30359600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene transcription is the process by which the genetic codes of organisms are read and interpreted as a set of instructions for cells to divide, differentiate, migrate, and mature. As cells function in their respective niches, transcription further allows mature cells to interact dynamically with their external environment while reliably retaining fundamental information about past experiences. In this Review, we provide an overview of the field of activity-dependent transcription in the vertebrate brain and highlight contemporary work that ranges from studies of activity-dependent chromatin modifications to plasticity mechanisms underlying adaptive behaviors. We identify key gaps in knowledge and propose integrated approaches toward a deeper understanding of how activity-dependent transcription promotes the refinement and plasticity of neural circuits for cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Lynn Yap
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael E Greenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dabrowska N, Joshi S, Williamson J, Lewczuk E, Lu Y, Oberoi S, Brodovskaya A, Kapur J. Parallel pathways of seizure generalization. Brain 2019; 142:2336-2351. [PMID: 31237945 PMCID: PMC6658865 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized convulsive status epilepticus is a life-threatening emergency, because recurrent convulsions can cause death or injury. A common form of generalized convulsive status epilepticus is of focal onset. The neuronal circuits activated during seizure spread from the hippocampus, a frequent site of seizure origin, to the bilateral motor cortex, which mediates convulsive seizures, have not been delineated. Status epilepticus was initiated by electrical stimulation of the hippocampus. Neurons transiently activated during seizures were labelled with tdTomato and then imaged following brain slice clearing. Hippocampus was active throughout the episode of status epilepticus. Neuronal activation was observed in hippocampus parahippocampal structures: subiculum, entorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex, septum, and olfactory system in the initial phase status epilepticus. The tdTomato-labelled neurons occupied larger volumes of the brain as seizures progressed and at the peak of status epilepticus, motor and somatosensory cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and insular cortex also contained tdTomato-labelled neurons. In addition, motor thalamic nuclei such as anterior and ventromedial, midline, reticular, and posterior thalamic nuclei were also activated. Furthermore, circuits proposed to be crucial for systems consolidation of memory: entorhinal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, cingulate gyrus, midline thalamic nuclei and prefrontal cortex were intensely active during periods of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. As the episode of status epilepticus waned, smaller volume of brain was activated. These studies suggested that seizure spread could have occurred via canonical thalamocortical pathway and many cortical structures involved in memory consolidation. These studies may help explain retrograde amnesia following seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Dabrowska
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Suchitra Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John Williamson
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ewa Lewczuk
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yanhong Lu
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Samrath Oberoi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Anastasia Brodovskaya
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jaideep Kapur
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- UVA Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jia Y, Mirbozorgi SA, Lee B, Khan W, Madi F, Inan OT, Weber A, Li W, Ghovanloo M. A mm-Sized Free-Floating Wirelessly Powered Implantable Optical Stimulation Device. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2019; 13:608-618. [PMID: 31135371 PMCID: PMC6707363 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2019.2918761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a mm-sized, free-floating, wirelessly powered, implantable optical stimulation (FF-WIOS) device for untethered optogenetic neuromodulation. A resonator-based three-coil inductive link creates a homogeneous magnetic field that continuously delivers sufficient power (>2.7 mW) at an optimal carrier frequency of 60 MHz to the FF-WIOS in the near field without surpassing the specific absorption rate limit, regardless of the position of the FF-WIOS in a large brain area. Forward data telemetry carries stimulation parameters by on-off-keying the power carrier at a data rate of 50 kb/s to selectively activate a 4 × 4 μLED array. Load-shift-keying back telemetry controls the wireless power transmission by reporting the FF-WIOS received power level in a closed-loop power control mechanism. LEDs typically require high instantaneous power to emit sufficient light for optical stimulation. Thus, a switched-capacitor-based stimulation architecture is used as an energy storage buffer with one off-chip capacitor to receive charge directly from the inductive link and deliver it to the selected μLED at the onset of stimulation. The FF-WIOS system-on-a-chip prototype, fabricated in a 0.35-μm standard CMOS process, charges a 10-μF capacitor up to 5 V with 37% efficiency and passes instantaneous current spikes up to 10 mA in the selected μLED, creating a bright exponentially decaying flash with minimal wasted power. An in vivo experiment was conducted to verify the efficacy of the FF-WIOS by observing light-evoked local field potentials and immunostained tissue response from the primary visual cortex (V1) of two anesthetized rats.
Collapse
|
47
|
Myrum C, Rossi SL, Perez EJ, Rapp PR. Cortical network dynamics are coupled with cognitive aging in rats. Hippocampus 2019; 29:1165-1177. [PMID: 31334577 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Changes in neuronal network activity and increased interindividual variability in memory are among the most consistent features of growing older. Here, we examined the relationship between these hallmarks of aging. Young and aged rats were trained on a water maze task where aged individuals reliably display an increased range of spatial memory capacities relative to young. Two weeks later, neuronal activity was induced pharmacologically with a low dose of pilocarpine and control animals received vehicle. Activity levels were proxied by quantifying the immediate early gene products Arc and c-Fos. While no relationship was observed between basal, resting activity, and individual differences in spatial memory in any brain region, pilocarpine-induced marker expression was tightly coupled with memory in all areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus examined. The nature of this association, however, differed across regions and in relation to age-related cognitive outcome. Specifically, in the medial PFC, induced activity was greatest in aged rats with cognitive impairment and correlated with water maze performance across all subjects. In the hippocampus, the range of induced marker expression was comparable between groups and similarly coupled with memory in both impaired and unimpaired aged rats. Together the findings highlight that the dynamic range of neural network activity across multiple brain regions is a critical component of neurocognitive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Myrum
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurocognitive Aging Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sharyn L Rossi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurocognitive Aging Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Evelyn J Perez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurocognitive Aging Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurocognitive Aging Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Oh J, Lee C, Kaang BK. Imaging and analysis of genetically encoded calcium indicators linking neural circuits and behaviors. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:237-249. [PMID: 31297008 PMCID: PMC6609268 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.4.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Confirming the direct link between neural circuit activity and animal behavior has been a principal aim of neuroscience. The genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI), which binds to calcium ions and emits fluorescence visualizing intracellular calcium concentration, enables detection of in vivo neuronal firing activity. Various GECIs have been developed and can be chosen for diverse purposes. These GECI-based signals can be acquired by several tools including two-photon microscopy and microendoscopy for precise or wide imaging at cellular to synaptic levels. In addition, the images from GECI signals can be analyzed with open source codes including constrained non-negative matrix factorization for endoscopy data (CNMF_E) and miniscope 1-photon-based calcium imaging signal extraction pipeline (MIN1PIPE), and considering parameters of the imaged brain regions (e.g., diameter or shape of soma or the resolution of recorded images), the real-time activity of each cell can be acquired and linked with animal behaviors. As a result, GECI signal analysis can be a powerful tool for revealing the functions of neuronal circuits related to specific behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihae Oh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chiwoo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ebner C, Ledderose J, Zolnik TA, Dominiak SE, Turko P, Papoutsi A, Poirazi P, Eickholt BJ, Vida I, Larkum ME, Sachdev RNS. Optically Induced Calcium-Dependent Gene Activation and Labeling of Active Neurons Using CaMPARI and Cal-Light. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:16. [PMID: 31178713 PMCID: PMC6542986 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of optogenetic methods has made it possible to use endogeneously produced molecules to image and manipulate cellular, subcellular, and synaptic activity. It has also led to the development of photoactivatable calcium-dependent indicators that mark active synapses, neurons, and circuits. Furthermore, calcium-dependent photoactivation can be used to trigger gene expression in active neurons. Here we describe two sets of protocols, one using CaMPARI and a second one using Cal-Light. CaMPARI, a calcium-modulated photoactivatable ratiometric integrator, enables rapid network-wide, tunable, all-optical functional circuit mapping. Cal-Light, a photoactivatable calcium sensor, while slower to respond than CaMPARI, has the capacity to trigger the expression of genes, including effectors, activators, indicators, or other constructs. Here we describe the rationale and provide procedures for using these two calcium-dependent constructs (1) in vitro in dissociated primary neuronal cell cultures (CaMPARI & Cal-Light); (2) in vitro in acute brain slices for circuit mapping (CaMPARI); (3) in vivo for triggering photoconversion or gene expression (CaMPARI & Cal-Light); and finally, (4) for recovering photoconverted neurons post-fixation with immunocytochemistry (CaMPARI). The approaches and protocols we describe are examples of the potential uses of both CaMPARI & Cal-Light. The ability to mark and manipulate neurons that are active during specific epochs of behavior has a vast unexplored experimental potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ebner
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Ledderose
- Institute for Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy A Zolnik
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sina E Dominiak
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Turko
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Athanasia Papoutsi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Britta J Eickholt
- Institute for Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Imre Vida
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew E Larkum
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pavlides C, Donishi T, Ribeiro S, Mello CV, Blanco W, Ogawa S. Hippocampal functional organization: A microstructure of the place cell network encoding space. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 161:122-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|