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Ubhayarathna M, Langmead CJ, Diepenhorst NA, Stewart GD. Molecular and structural insights into the 5-HT 2C receptor as a therapeutic target for substance use disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:4414-4429. [PMID: 37679998 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic condition, with maintained abuse of a substance leading to physiological and psychological alterations and often changes in cognitive and social behaviours. Current therapies include psychotherapy coupled with medication; however, high relapse rates reveal the shortcomings of these therapies. The signalling, expression profile, and neurological function of the serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2C receptor) make it a candidate of interest for the treatment of SUD. Recently, psychedelics, which broadly act at 5-HT2 receptors, have indicated potential for the treatment of SUD, implicating the 5-HT2C receptor. The modern psychedelic movement has rekindled interest in the 5-HT2C receptor, resulting in many new studies, especially structural analyses. This review explores the structural, molecular and cellular mechanisms governing 5-HT2C receptor function in the context of SUD. This provides the basis of the preclinical and clinical evidence for their role in SUD and highlights the potential for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleesha Ubhayarathna
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Natalie A Diepenhorst
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gregory D Stewart
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
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Brown SE, Wang Z(Z, Newman EL, Engin E, Berretta S, Balu DT, Folorunso OO. Serine racemase deletion alters adolescent social behavior and whole-brain cFos activation. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1365231. [PMID: 38979499 PMCID: PMC11228300 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1365231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) can cause debilitating impairments in social cognition and aberrant functional connectivity in large-scale brain networks, leading to social isolation and diminished everyday functioning. To facilitate the treatment of social impairments, animal models of NDDs that link N- methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction to social deficits in adulthood have been used. However, understanding the etiology of social impairments in NDDs requires investigating social changes during sensitive windows during development. Methods We examine social behavior during adolescence using a translational mouse model of NMDAR hypofunction (SR-/-) caused by knocking out serine racemase (SR), the enzyme needed to make D-serine, a key NMDAR coagonist. Species-typical social interactions are maintained through brain-wide neural activation patterns; therefore, we employed whole-brain cFos activity mapping to examine network-level connectivity changes caused by SR deletion. Results In adolescent SR-/- mice, we observed disinhibited social behavior toward a novel conspecific and rapid social habituation toward familiar social partners. SR-/- mice also spent more time in the open arm of the elevated plus maze which classically points to an anxiolytic behavioral phenotype. These behavioral findings point to a generalized reduction in anxiety-like behavior in both social and non-social contexts in SR-/- mice; importantly, these findings were not associated with diminished working memory. Inter-regional patterns of cFos activation revealed greater connectivity and network density in SR-/- mice compared to controls. Discussion These results suggest that NMDAR hypofunction - a potential biomarker for NDDs - can lead to generalized behavioral disinhibition in adolescence, potentially arising from disrupted communication between and within salience and default mode networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Brown
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Ziyi (Zephyr) Wang
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, Stress Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Emily L. Newman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, Neurobiology of Fear Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Elif Engin
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, Stress Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sabina Berretta
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Darrick T. Balu
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Oluwarotimi O. Folorunso
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
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Özcan ÖÖ, Çevreli B, Temizyürek A, Karahan M, Konuk M. Quetiapine improves sensorimotor gating deficit in a sleep deprivation-induced rat model. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:269-278. [PMID: 38524169 PMCID: PMC10959884 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Sleep deprivation (SD) impairs pre-stimulus inhibition, but the effect of quetiapine (QET) remains largely unknown. Objective This study aimed to investigate the behavioral and cognitive effects of QET in both naïve and sleep-deprived rats. Materials and methods Seven groups (n = 49) of male Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. SD was performed using the modified multiple platform technique in a water tank for 72 h. Our study consists of two experiments investigating the effect of QET on pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex. The first experiment tested the effect of short- and long-term administration of QET on PPI response in non-sleeping (NSD) rats. The second experiment used 72 h REM sleep deprivation as a model for SD-induced impairment of the PPI response. Here, we tested the effect of QET on the % PPI of SD rats by short- and long-term intraperitoneal injection at the last 90 min of sleep SD and immediately subsequently tested for PPI. Results 72 h SD impaired PPI, reduced startle amplitude, and attenuated the PPI% at + 4 dB, + 8 dB, and + 16 dB prepulse intensities. 10 mg/kg short and long-term QET administration completely improved sensorimotor gating deficit, increased startle amplitude, and restored the impaired PPI% at + 4 dB, + 8 dB, and + 16 dB after 72 h SD in rats. Conclusion Our results showed short- and long-term administration of QET improved sensorimotor gating deficit in 72 h SD. Further research is required for the etiology of insomnia and the dose-related behavioral effects of QET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öznur Özge Özcan
- Electroneurophysiology, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çevreli
- Neuropsychopharmacology Practice and Research Center, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Temizyürek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Karahan
- Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Mimar Sinan, Selmani Pak, Üsküdar, 34672 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhsin Konuk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Jiang S, Ma Y, Shi Y, Zou Y, Yang Z, Zhi W, Zhao Z, Shen W, Chen L, Wu Y, Wang L, Hu X, Wu H. Acute exposure of microwave impairs attention process by activating microglial inflammation. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:2. [PMID: 38178181 PMCID: PMC10768366 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention provides the foundation for cognitions, which was shown to be affected by microwave (MW) radiation. With the ubiquitous of microwaves, public concerns regarding the impact of MW radiation on attention has hence been increased. Our study aims to investigate the potential effect and mechanism of acute microwave exposure on attention. RESULTS We identified obvious impairment of attention in mice by the five-choice serial reaction time (5-CSRT) task. Proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed neuroinflammation and microglial activation potentially due to acute MW exposure. Moreover, biochemical analysis further confirmed microglial activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice subjected to acute MW exposure. Finally, minocycline, a commercially available anti-inflammatory compound, attenuated neuroinflammation, inhibited the upregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) including NR2A and NR2B, and also accelerated the attentional recovery after MW exposure. CONCLUSIONS We believe that microglial activation and NMDAR upregulation likely contribute to inattention induced by acute MW exposure, and we found that minocycline may be effective in preventing such process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingping Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqi Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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Jiang C, Wang C, Qu W, Wang Y, Wang H, Wei X, Wang M, He Q, Wang Y, Yuan L, Gao Y. Cherry leaf decoction inhibits NMDAR expression and thereby ameliorates CUMS- induced depression-like behaviors through downregulation of α2δ-1. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21743. [PMID: 38034773 PMCID: PMC10681947 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a complex and prevalent mental illness. Cherry leaf is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has confirmed to exert a certain antidepressant effect, but its potential neural regulation mechanism is not clear. This paper aims to investigate the improved action of cherry leaf decoction (CLD) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats and its potential neural regulation mechanism by verifying the role and function of NMDAR regulatory target α2δ-1 in depression due to CUMS. Male SD rats were subjected to random stressors persisting for 5 weeks to establish the CUMS depression rat model. CLD could effectively alleviate depression-like behaviors of CUMS rats in behavioral tests including sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test and open field test. After the administration of the CLD, the expression of corticotropic-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus was inhibited. Moreover, the levels of CRH, adrenal cortical hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) in serum also decreased significantly. CUMS upregulated the expressions of α2δ-1, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NR1), NR2A and NR2B, and enhanced the binding ability to of α2δ-1 and NR1, which were reversed by CLD. The results demonstrated that CLD could ameliorate depression-like behaviors due to CUMS, which was related to the fact that CLD down-regulated α2δ-1 level and interfered with α2δ-1 binding to NR1, thereby reducing NMDAR expression and ultimately inhibiting HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Qu
- Department of Physical Education, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian He
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Yuan
- Department of Humanities and Management, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Jones JA, Zuhlsdorff K, Dalley JW. Neurochemical substrates linked to impulsive and compulsive phenotypes in addiction: A preclinical perspective. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1525-1546. [PMID: 33931861 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drug compulsion manifests in some but not all individuals and implicates multifaceted processes including failures in top-down cognitive control as drivers for the hazardous pursuit of drug use in some individuals. As a closely related construct, impulsivity encompasses rash or risky behaviour without foresight and underlies most forms of drug taking behaviour, including drug use during adverse emotional states (i.e., negative urgency). While impulsive behavioural dimensions emerge from drug-induced brain plasticity, burgeoning evidence suggests that impulsivity also predates the emergence of compulsive drug use. Although the neural substrates underlying the apparently causal relationship between trait impulsivity and drug compulsion are poorly understood, significant advances have come from the interrogation of defined limbic cortico-striatal circuits involved in motivated behaviour and response inhibition, together with chemical neuromodulatory influences from the ascending neurotransmitter systems. We review what is presently known about the neurochemical mediation of impulsivity, in its various forms, and ask whether commonalities exist in the neurochemistry of compulsive drug-motivated behaviours that might explain individual risk for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyon A Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Hershel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Cambridge, UK
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Wojtas A, Herian M, Skawski M, Sobocińska M, González-Marín A, Noworyta-Sokołowska K, Gołembiowska K. Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of a New Hallucinogenic Compound 25B-NBOMe in Rats. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:305-326. [PMID: 33337517 PMCID: PMC7936972 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25B-NBOMe) is a hallucinogen exhibiting high binding affinity for 5-HT2A/C serotonin receptors. In the present work, we investigated its effect on dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh), and glutamate release in the rat frontal cortex, striatum, and nucleus accumbens. Hallucinogenic activity, impact on cognitive and motor functions, and anxiogenic/anxiolytic properties of this compound were also tested. The release of DA, 5-HT, ACh, and glutamate was studied using microdialysis in freely moving animals. Hallucinogenic activity was investigated using head and body twitch response (WDS), cognitive functions were examined with the novel object recognition test (NOR), locomotor activity was studied in the open field (OF), while anxiogenic/anxiolytic effect was tested using the light/dark box (LDB). Neurotoxicity was evaluated with the comet assay. 25B-NBOMe increased DA, 5-HT, and glutamate release in all studied brain regions, induced hallucinogenic activity, and lowered the recognition index (Ri) vs. control in the NOR test. It also decreased locomotor activity of rats in the OF test. The effect of 25B-NBOMe in the NOR test was inhibited by scopolamine. In the LDB test, the time spent in the dark zone was longer in comparison to control and was dose-dependent. In contrast to MDMA, 25B-NBOMe showed subtle genotoxic effect observed in the comet assay.Our findings indicate that 25B-NBOMe shows hallucinogenic activity in the wide range of doses. The changes in neurotransmitter levels may be related to 25B-NBOMe affinity for 5-HT2A receptor. Alterations in the NOR, OF, and LDB indicate that 25B-NBOMe impacts short-term memory, locomotion, and may be anxiogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wojtas
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Herian
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Skawski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sobocińska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alejandro González-Marín
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Noworyta-Sokołowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Gołembiowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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García-Ávila M, Torres X, Cercós MG, Trueta C. Specific Localization of an Auto-inhibition Mechanism at Presynaptic Terminals of Identified Serotonergic Neurons. Neuroscience 2020; 458:120-132. [PMID: 33359652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Auto-regulation mechanisms in serotonergic neurons regulate their electrical activity and secretion. Since these neurons release serotonin from different structural compartments - including presynaptic terminals, soma, axons and dendrites - through different mechanisms, autoregulation mechanisms are also likely to be different at each compartment. Here we show that a chloride-mediated auto-inhibitory mechanism is exclusively localized at presynaptic terminals, but not at extrasynaptic release sites, in serotonergic Retzius neurons of the leech. An auto-inhibition response was observed immediately after intracellular stimulation with an electrode placed in the soma, in neurons that were isolated and cultured retaining an axonal stump, where presynaptic terminals are formed near the soma, but not in somata isolated without axon, where no synaptic terminals are formed, nor in neurons in the nerve ganglion, where terminals are electrotonically distant from the soma. Furthermore, no auto-inhibition response was detected in either condition during the longer time course of somatic secretion. This shows that the auto-inhibition effects are unique to nerve terminals. We further determined that serotonin released from peri-synaptic dense-core vesicles contributes to auto-inhibition in the terminals, since blockade of L-type calcium channels, which are required to stimulate extrasynaptic but not synaptic release, decreased the amplitude of the auto-inhibition response. Our results show that the auto-regulation mechanism at presynaptic terminals is unique and different from that described in the soma of these neurons, further highlighting the differences in the mechanisms regulating serotonin release from different neuronal compartments, which expand the possibilities of a single neuron to perform multiple functions in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam García-Ávila
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ximena Torres
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Montserrat G Cercós
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Citlali Trueta
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Oizumi H, Miyazaki S, Tabuchi M, Endo T, Omiya Y, Mizoguchi K. Kamikihito Enhances Cognitive Functions and Reward-Related Behaviors of Aged C57BL/6J Mice in an Automated Behavioral Assay System. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1037. [PMID: 32765263 PMCID: PMC7379479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cognitive and psychological domains of frailty in the elderly have drawn increasing attention given the aging of society. However, therapeutics to treat minor deficits in cognition and mental state in the elderly remain an unmet need. Kamikihito (KKT), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine indicated for neuroses, anxiety, and insomnia, is effective for treating cognitive dysfunction and depressive-like behaviors in animal models, suggesting that it may have therapeutic potential for treating cognitive and/or mental frailty. In this study, we first validated the known anxiolytic effects of KKT in a conventional maze test. We then introduced an automated behavioral assay system, IntelliCage, to evaluate the therapeutic potential of KKT for age-related and diverse central functions by performing sequential behavioral tasks in young and aged mice to assess basal activities, cognitive functions, perseveration, and hedonic-related behaviors. Although young mice treated with KKT did not exhibit changes in diurnal variation, KKT-administered aged mice exhibited an accelerated decline in voluntary activity during the early part of the light period, implying that KKT may promote sleep onset in aged mice. Neither place learning acquisition for gaining rewards nor subsequent behavioral flexibility performance was altered by KKT in the young group, whereas the aged KKT group exhibited significantly enhanced performance in both phases of learning relative to age-matched controls. Conversely, perseverative nose-pokes (NPs) to gain rewards observed during place learning, indicative of compulsivity, were attenuated by KKT in both age groups. Regarding hedonic processing, aged mice exhibited a decreased preference for sweet solutions compared to young mice, which was effectively reversed by KKT treatment. Furthermore, KKT elevated high-effort choices for high-value reward in an effort-based decision-making paradigm in both age groups, implying augmentation of motivational behaviors by KKT. Collectively, KKT exerted various beneficial effects in cognitive and emotional domains, several of which were more evident in aged mice than in young mice, suggesting the potential of KKT for treating cognitive and mental frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Oizumi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyazaki
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tabuchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Omiya
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract
Neuropharmacological interventions in preclinical translational models of impulsivity have tremendously contributed to a better understanding of the neurochemistry and neural basis of impulsive behaviour. In this regard, much progress has been made over the last years, also due to the introduction of novel techniques in behavioural neuroscience such as optogenetics and chemogenetics. In this chapter, we will provide an update of how the behavioural pharmacology field has progressed and built upon existing data since an earlier review we wrote in 2008. To this aim, we will first give a brief background on preclinical translational models of impulsivity. Next, recent interesting evidence of monoaminergic modulation of impulsivity will be highlighted with a focus on the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline. Finally, we will close the chapter by discussing some novel directions and drug leads in the neuropharmacological modulation of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Gao J, Nie L, Li Y, Li M. Serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors regulate rat maternal behavior through distinct behavioral and neural mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2020; 162:107848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches to manipulate attention, impulsivity and behavioural flexibility in rodents. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 29:560-568. [PMID: 30169376 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies manipulating neural activity acutely with optogenetic or chemogenetic intervention in behaving rodents have increased considerably in recent years. More often, these circuit-level neural manipulations are tested within an existing framework of behavioural testing that strives to model complex executive functions or symptomologies relevant to multidimensional psychiatric disorders in humans, such as attentional control deficits, impulsivity or behavioural (in)flexibility. This methods perspective argues in favour of carefully implementing these acute circuit-based approaches to better understand and model cognitive symptomologies or their similar isomorphic animal behaviours, which often arise and persist in overlapping brain circuitries. First, we offer some practical considerations for combining long-term, behavioural paradigms with optogenetic or chemogenetic interventions. Next, we examine how cell-type or projection-specific manipulations to the ascending neuromodulatory systems, local brain region or descending cortical glutamatergic projections influence aspects of cognitive control. For this, we primarily focus on the influence exerted on attentional and motor impulsivity performance in the (3-choice or) 5-choice serial reaction time task, and impulsive, risky or inflexible choice biases during alternative preference, reward discounting or reversal learning tasks.
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Prados-Pardo Á, Martín-González E, Mora S, Merchán A, Flores P, Moreno M. Increased Fear Memory and Glutamatergic Modulation in Compulsive Drinker Rats Selected by Schedule-Induced Polydipsia. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:100. [PMID: 31133835 PMCID: PMC6514533 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compulsive behavior is observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, depression, phobia, and schizophrenia. Thus, compulsivity has been proposed as a transdiagnostic symptom with a highly variable pharmacological treatment. Recent evidence shows that glutamate pharmacotherapy may be of benefit in impaired inhibitory control. The purpose of the present study was: first, to test the comorbidity between compulsivity and other neuropsychiatric symptoms on different preclinical behavioral models; second, to assess the therapeutic potential of different glutamate modulators in a preclinical model of compulsivity. Long Evans rats were selected as either high (HD) or low (LD) drinkers corresponding with their water intake in schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP). We assessed compulsivity in LD and HD rats by marble burying test (MBT), depression by forced swimming test (FST), anxiety by elevated plus maze (EPM) and fear behavior by fear conditioning (FC) test. After that, we measured the effects of acute administration (i.p.) of glutamatergic drugs: N-Acetylcysteine (NAC; 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), memantine (3.1 and 6.2 mg/kg) and lamotrigine (15 and 30 mg/kg) on compulsive drinking on SIP. The results obtained showed a relation between high compulsive drinking on SIP and a higher number of marbles partially buried in MBT, as well as a higher percentage of freezing on the retrieval day of FC test. We did not detect any significant differences between LD and HD rats in FST, nor in EPM. The psychopharmacological study of glutamatergic drugs revealed that memantine and lamotrigine, at all doses tested, decreased compulsive water consumption in HD rats compared to LD rats on SIP. NAC did not produce any significant effect on SIP. These results indicate that the symptom clusters of different forms of compulsivity and phobia might be found in the compulsive phenotype of HD rats selected by SIP. The effects of memantine and lamotrigine in HD rats point towards a dysregulation in the glutamatergic signaling as a possible underlying mechanism in the vulnerability to compulsive behavior on SIP. Further studies on SIP, could help to elucidate the therapeutic role of glutamatergic drugs as a pharmacological strategy on compulsive spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Prados-Pardo
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-González
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
| | - Santiago Mora
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
| | - Ana Merchán
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
| | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Almería, Spain
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Chagraoui A, Whitestone S, Baassiri L, Manem J, Di Giovanni G, De Deurwaerdère P. Neurochemical impact of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist WAY-163909 on monoamine tissue content in the rat brain. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:245-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Controllability affects endocrine response of adolescent male rats to stress as well as impulsivity and behavioral flexibility during adulthood. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3180. [PMID: 30816288 PMCID: PMC6395608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stress during adolescence exerts a long-term impact on behavior and might contribute to the development of several neuropsychiatric disorders. In adults, control over stress has been found to protect from the negative consequences of stress, but the influence of controllability at early ages has not been extensively studied. Here, we evaluated in a rodent model the effects of repeated exposure in adolescent male rats to controllable versus uncontrollable foot-shock stress (CST or UST, respectively). Rats were assigned to three groups: non-stress (stress-naïve), CST (exposed to 8 sessions of a two-way shuttle active avoidance task over a period of 22 days) and UST (receiving the same amount of shocks as CST, regardless of their actual behavior). During adulthood, different cohorts were tested in several tasks evaluating inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility: 5-choice serial reaction time, delay-discounting, gambling test and probabilistic reversal learning. Results showed that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to the first shock session was similar in CST and UST animals, but the response to the 8th session was lower in CST animals. In adulthood, the UST animals presented impaired motor (but not cognitive) impulsivity and more perseverative behavior. The behavioral effects of UST were associated with increased number of D2 dopamine receptors in dorsomedial striatum, but not in other striatal regions. In summary, UST exposure during adolescence induced long-term impairments in impulsivity and compulsivity, whereas CST had only minor effects. These data support a critical role of stress uncontrollability on the long-lasting consequences of stress, as a risk factor for mental illnesses.
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Burke SN, Foster TC. Animal models of cognitive aging and circuit-specific vulnerability. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 167:19-36. [PMID: 31753133 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804766-8.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortical structures are particularly vulnerable to dysfunction in advanced age and neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on cognitive aging studies in animals to illustrate the important aspects of the animal model paradigm for investigation of age-related memory and executive function loss. Particular attention is paid to the discussion of the face, construct, and predictive validity of animal models for determining the possible mechanisms of regional vulnerability in aging and for identifying novel therapeutic strategies. Aging is associated with a host of regionally specific neurobiologic alterations. Thus, targeted interventions that restore normal activity in one brain region may exacerbate aberrant activity in another, hindering the restoration of function at the behavioral level. As such, interventions that target the optimization of "cognitive networks" rather than discrete brain regions may be more effective for improving functional outcomes in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, William L. and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, William L. and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Spay C, Meyer G, Welter ML, Lau B, Boulinguez P, Ballanger B. Functional imaging correlates of akinesia in Parkinson's disease: Still open issues. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 21:101644. [PMID: 30584015 PMCID: PMC6412010 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Akinesia is a major manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) related to difficulties or failures of willed movement to occur. Akinesia is still poorly understood and is not fully alleviated by standard therapeutic strategies. One reason is that the area of the clinical concept has blurred boundaries referring to confounded motor symptoms. Here, we review neuroimaging studies which, by providing access to finer-grained mechanisms, have the potential to reveal the dysfunctional brain processes that account for akinesia. It comes out that no clear common denominator could be identified across studies that are too heterogeneous with respect to the clinical/theoretical concepts and methods used. Results reveal, however, that various abnormalities within but also outside the motor and dopaminergic pathways might be associated with akinesia in PD patients. Notably, numerous yet poorly reproducible neural correlates were found in different brain regions supporting executive control by means of resting-state or task-based studies. This includes for instance the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the inferior frontal cortex, the supplementary motor area, the medial prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex or the precuneus. This observation raises the issue of the multidimensional nature of akinesia. Yet, other open issues should be considered conjointly to drive future investigations. Above all, a unified terminology is needed to allow appropriate association of behavioral symptoms with brain mechanisms across studies. We adhere to a use of the term akinesia restricted to dysfunctions of movement initiation, ranging from delayed response to freezing or even total abolition of movement. We also call for targeting more specific neural mechanisms of movement preparation and action triggering with more sophisticated behavioral designs/event-related neurofunctional analyses. More work is needed to provide reliable evidence, but answering these still open issues might open up new prospects, beyond dopaminergic therapy, for managing this disabling symptom. No clear picture of the neural bases of PD akinesia can be drawn from the literature. Akinesia should be disentangled from bradykinesia and hypokinesia. Movement initiation dysfunctions may arise from both motor and executive disorders. Future neuroimaging studies should probe more specific neurocognitive processes. Future studies should look beyond the dopaminergic basal-ganglia circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Spay
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Resaerch Center, INSERM, U 1028, CNRS, UMR 5292, Action Control and Related Disorders team, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Garance Meyer
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Resaerch Center, INSERM, U 1028, CNRS, UMR 5292, Action Control and Related Disorders team, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Laure Welter
- Neurophysiology Department, CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Brian Lau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Boulinguez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Resaerch Center, INSERM, U 1028, CNRS, UMR 5292, Action Control and Related Disorders team, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Ballanger
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U 1028, CNRS, UMR 5292, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception team, F-69000, Lyon, France.
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18
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Xu L, Hu Y, Huang L, Liu Y, Wang B, Xie L, Hu Z. The association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and general anaesthesia - a narrative review. Anaesthesia 2018; 74:57-63. [PMID: 30511754 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology; Women's Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Y. Hu
- Department of Cell Biology; Yale University; New Haven CT USA
| | - L. Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology; The Children's Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology; The Children's Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - B. Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology; The Children's Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - L. Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology; The Children's Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
| | - Z. Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology; The Children's Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou China
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Girotti M, Adler SM, Bulin SE, Fucich EA, Paredes D, Morilak DA. Prefrontal cortex executive processes affected by stress in health and disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:161-179. [PMID: 28690203 PMCID: PMC5756532 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortical executive functions comprise a number of cognitive capabilities necessary for goal directed behavior and adaptation to a changing environment. Executive dysfunction that leads to maladaptive behavior and is a symptom of psychiatric pathology can be instigated or exacerbated by stress. In this review we survey research addressing the impact of stress on executive function, with specific focus on working memory, attention, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. We then consider the neurochemical pathways underlying these cognitive capabilities and, where known, how stress alters them. Finally, we review work exploring potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches that can ameliorate deficits in executive function. Both preclinical and clinical literature indicates that chronic stress negatively affects executive function. Although some of the circuitry and neurochemical processes underlying executive function have been characterized, a great deal is still unknown regarding how stress affects these processes. Additional work focusing on this question is needed in order to make progress on developing interventions that ameliorate executive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Girotti
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Samantha M Adler
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sarah E Bulin
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fucich
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Denisse Paredes
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - David A Morilak
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Effects of the NMDA receptor antagonists dizocilpine and Ro 63-1908 on delay-discounting and risky decision-making in a gambling task. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:201-210. [PMID: 29689373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that NMDA receptor antagonists such as dizocilpine (MK801) and the GluN2B NMDA antagonist Ro 63-1908 promote impulsive action (motor impulsivity). The effects of these treatments on impulsive choice and decision-making is less well characterized. Two experiments were undertaken. In the first experiment, given evidence for delay order as a factor in choice selection, the effect of dizocilpine was examined in a delay discounting task with separate groups of male Long-Evans rats trained to a schedule of either ascending (i.e. 0-40 s), or descending delays (i.e. 40-0 s). Under the ascending-delay schedule, dizocilpine (0.03-0.06 mg/kg SC) reduced discounting, yet on the descending-delay schedule discounting was increased. Subgrouping rats according to discounting rate under vehicle pretreatment were consistent with a treatment-induced choice perseveration. In a second experiment, male Long-Evans rats were trained to a gambling task (rGT). Neither dizocilpine (0.01-0.06 mg/kg SC) nor Ro 63-1908 (0.1-1 mg/kg SC) shifted choice from the advantageous to the disadvantageous options. However dizocilpine, and marginally Ro 63-1908, increased choice of the least risky, but suboptimal option. This effect was most evident in rats that initially preferred the disadvantageous options. Consistent with previous studies, both treatments increased measures of motor impulsivity. These results demonstrate that dizocilpine has effects on discounting dependent on delay order and likely reflective of perseveration. On the rGT task, neither dizocilpine nor Ro 63-1908 promoted risky choice, yet both NMDA receptor antagonists increased impulsive action.
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21
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Barnes SA, Young JW, Markou A, Adham N, Gyertyán I, Kiss B. The Effects of Cariprazine and Aripiprazole on PCP-Induced Deficits on Attention Assessed in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1403-1414. [PMID: 29473089 PMCID: PMC5920008 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Attentional processing deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, likely contributing to the persistent functional and occupational disability observed in patients with schizophrenia. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia is hypothesized to involve dysregulation of NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate transmission, contributing to disruptions in normal dopamine transmission. Preclinical investigations often use NMDA receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine (PCP), to induce cognitive disruptions relevant to schizophrenia. We sought to test the ability of partial dopamine D2/D3 agonists, cariprazine and aripiprazole, to attenuate PCP-induced deficits in attentional performance. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to determine whether systemic administration of cariprazine or aripiprazole attenuated 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) deficits induced by repeated exposure to PCP. METHODS We utilized a repeated PCP-treatment regimen (2 mg/kg, subcutaneous [s.c.], once daily for 5 days) in rats to induce deficits in the 5-CSRTT. Rats were pre-treated with cariprazine (0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg, oral [p.o.]) or aripiprazole (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg, p.o.) to determine whether they prevented PCP-induced deficits in the 5-CSRTT performance. RESULTS PCP treatment increased inappropriate responding in the 5-CSRTT, elevating incorrect, premature, and timeout responses. Cariprazine treatment reduced PCP-induced increases in inappropriate responding. However, at higher doses, cariprazine produced non-specific response suppression, confounding interpretation of the attenuated PCP-induced deficits. Aripiprazole treatment also attenuated PCP-induced deficits; however, unlike cariprazine treatment, aripiprazole reduced correct responding and increased omissions. CONCLUSIONS Cariprazine and aripiprazole both demonstrated potential in attenuating PCP-induced deficits in the 5-CSRTT performance. While both compounds produced non-specific response suppression, these effects were absent when 0.03 mg/kg cariprazine was administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Jared W. Young
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Athina Markou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | | | - István Gyertyán
- MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioral Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary ,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, MTA, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Kiss
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
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5-HT 2C Agonists Modulate Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors in Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2163-2177. [PMID: 28294132 PMCID: PMC5603814 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
All FDA-approved antipsychotic drugs (APDs) target primarily dopamine D2 or serotonin (5-HT2A) receptors, or both; however, these medications are not universally effective, they may produce undesirable side effects, and provide only partial amelioration of negative and cognitive symptoms. The heterogeneity of pharmacological responses in schizophrenic patients suggests that additional drug targets may be effective in improving aspects of this syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that 5-HT2C receptors may be a promising target for schizophrenia since their activation reduces mesolimbic nigrostriatal dopamine release (which conveys antipsychotic action), they are expressed almost exclusively in CNS, and have weight-loss-promoting capabilities. A difficulty in developing 5-HT2C agonists is that most ligands also possess 5-HT2B and/or 5-HT2A activities. We have developed selective 5-HT2C ligands and herein describe their preclinical effectiveness for treating schizophrenia-like behaviors. JJ-3-45, JJ-3-42, and JJ-5-34 reduced amphetamine-stimulated hyperlocomotion, restored amphetamine-disrupted prepulse inhibition, improved social behavior, and novel object recognition memory in NMDA receptor hypofunctioning NR1-knockdown mice, and were essentially devoid of catalepsy. However, they decreased motivation in a breakpoint assay and did not promote reversal learning in MK-801-treated mice. Somewhat similar effects were observed with lorcaserin, a 5-HT2C agonist with potent 5-HT2B and 5-HT2A agonist activities, which is approved for treating obesity. Microdialysis studies revealed that both JJ-3-42 and lorcaserin reduced dopamine efflux in the infralimbic cortex, while only JJ-3-42 decreased it in striatum. Collectively, these results provide additional evidence that 5-HT2C receptors are suitable drug targets with fewer side effects, greater therapeutic selectivity, and enhanced efficacy for treating schizophrenia and related disorders than current APDs.
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Starosta S, Bartetzko I, Stüttgen MC, Güntürkün O. Integration of contextual cues into memory depends on "prefrontal" N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 144:19-26. [PMID: 28559170 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Every learning event is embedded in a context, but not always does the context become an integral part of the memory; however, for extinction learning it usually does, resulting in context-specific conditioned responding. The neuronal mechanisms underlying contextual control have been mainly investigated for Pavlovian fear extinction with a focus on hippocampal structures. However, the initial acquisition of novel responses can be subject to contextual control as well, although the neuronal mechanisms are mostly unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that contextual control of acquisition depends on glutamatergic transmission underlying executive functions in forebrain areas, e.g. by shifting attention to critical cues. Thus, we antagonized N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors with 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5) in the pigeon nidopallium caudolaterale, the functional analogue of mammalian prefrontal cortex, during the concomitant acquisition and extinction of conditioned responding to two different stimuli. This paradigm has previously been shown to lead to contextual control over extinguished as well as non-extinguished responding. NMDA receptor blockade resulted in an impairment of extinction learning, but left the acquisition of responses to a novel stimulus unaffected. Critically, when responses were tested in a different context in the retrieval phase, we observed that NMDA receptor blockade led to the abolishment of contextual control over acquisition performance. This result is predicted by a model describing response inclination as the product of associative strength and contextual gain. In this model, learning under AP5 leads to a change in the contextual gain on the learned association, possibly via the modulation of attentional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Starosta
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Isabelle Bartetzko
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Maik C Stüttgen
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Anderzhanova E, Kirmeier T, Wotjak CT. Animal models in psychiatric research: The RDoC system as a new framework for endophenotype-oriented translational neuroscience. Neurobiol Stress 2017; 7:47-56. [PMID: 28377991 PMCID: PMC5377486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently proposed Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) system defines psychopathologies as phenomena of multilevel neurobiological existence and assigns them to 5 behavioural domains characterizing a brain in action. We performed an analysis on this contemporary concept of psychopathologies in respect to a brain phylogeny and biological substrates of psychiatric diseases. We found that the RDoC system uses biological determinism to explain the pathogenesis of distinct psychiatric symptoms and emphasises exploration of endophenotypes but not of complex diseases. Therefore, as a possible framework for experimental studies it allows one to evade a major challenge of translational studies of strict disease-to-model correspondence. The system conforms with the concept of a normality and pathology continuum, therefore, supports basic studies. The units of analysis of the RDoC system appear as a novel matrix for model validation. The general regulation and arousal, positive valence, negative valence, and social interactions behavioural domains of the RDoC system show basic construct, network, and phenomenological homologies between human and experimental animals. The nature and complexity of the cognitive behavioural domain of the RDoC system deserve further clarification. These homologies in the 4 domains justifies the validity, reliably and translatability of animal models appearing as endophenotypes of the negative and positive affect, social interaction and general regulation and arousal systems’ dysfunction. The RDoC system encourages endophenotype-oriented experimental studies in human and animals. The system conforms with the normality-pathology continuum concept. The RDoC system appears to be a suitable framework for basic research. Four RDoC domains show construct and phenomenological homology in human and animals. Endophenotype-based models of affective psychopathologies appear most reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Anderzhanova
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany; FSBI "Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Baltiyskaya street, 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Carsten T Wotjak
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
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Rote JC, Malkowski SN, Cochrane CS, Bailey GE, Brown NS, Cafiero M, Peterson LW. Catechol reactivity: Synthesis of dopamine derivatives substituted at the 6-position. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1269350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noah S. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN, USA
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26
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Chronic methamphetamine self-administration disrupts cortical control of cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:36-48. [PMID: 27450578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) is one of the most abused substances worldwide. Chronic use has been associated with repeated relapse episodes that may be exacerbated by cognitive impairments during drug abstinence. Growing evidence demonstrates that meth compromises prefrontal cortex activity, resulting in persisting attentional and memory impairments. After summarizing recent studies of meth-induced cognitive dysfunction using a translationally relevant model of self-administered meth, this review emphasizes the cortical brain changes contributing to cognitive dysregulation during abstinence. Finally, we propose the use of cognitive enhancers during abstinence that may promote a drug-free state by reversing cortical dysfunction linked with prolonged meth abuse.
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Ramos-Quiroga JA, Corominas-Roso M, Palomar G, Ferrer R, Valero S, Corrales M, Richarte V, Casas M. Cortisol awakening response in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Subtype differences and association with the emotional lability. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1140-9. [PMID: 27084305 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol awakening response (CAR) has been studied in children with ADHD, and some authors have reported morning cortisol differences among ADHD subtypes. Despite, only half of the children with ADHD continue to exhibit the disorder into adulthood, CAR has not been studied in adults so far. One hundred and nine adults with ADHD according to the DSM-IV criteria (46 inattentive and 63 combined) ranging in age from 18 to 55 years, and 27 healthy controls were included. Psychiatric and organic comorbidities were excluded. Salivary cortisol samples were obtained at 0, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after awakening. CAR was present in 84% of the healthy controls but in only 64% of the adults with ADHD (68% of the inattentive and 61% of the combined were CAR-positive). There were no significant differences in any of the morning cortisol measures between patients and controls or between the combined and inattentive subtypes of ADHD. Among the inattentive subtype but not in the combined patients, significant positive correlations were observed between the CAR and emotional lability (p=0.05), or self-concept (p=0.014) CAARS subscales, as well as with the cognitive impulsivity subscale of the Barratt impulsiveness scale (p=0.028). These results suggest that adults with ADHD exhibit normal cortisol responses upon awakening and thus cannot be defined in terms of hypo-arousal. Neurobiological differences between the combined and inattentive subtypes involving cortisol, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Corominas-Roso
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - G Palomar
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Ferrer
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Valero
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Corrales
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - V Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kotani M, Enomoto T, Murai T, Nakako T, Iwamura Y, Kiyoshi A, Matsumoto K, Matsumoto A, Ikejiri M, Nakayama T, Ogi Y, Ikeda K. The atypical antipsychotic blonanserin reverses (+)-PD-128907- and ketamine-induced deficit in executive function in common marmosets. Behav Brain Res 2016; 305:212-7. [PMID: 26970575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Antagonism of the dopamine D3 receptor is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. We have previously reported that the atypical antipsychotic blonanserin, a dopamine D2/D3 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, highly occupies dopamine D3 receptors at its antipsychotic dose range in rats. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of blonanserin on executive function in common marmosets using the object retrieval with detour (ORD) task. The dopamine D3 receptor-preferring agonist (+)-PD-128907 at 1mg/kg decreased success rate in the difficult trial, but not in the easy trial. Since the difference between the two trials is only cognitive demand, our findings indicate that excess activation of dopamine D3 receptors impairs executive function in common marmosets. Blonanserin at 0.1mg/kg reversed the decrease in success rate induced by (+)-PD-128907 in the difficult trial. This finding indicates that blonanserin has beneficial effect on executive function deficit induced by activation of the dopamine D3 receptor in common marmosets. Next, and based on the glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia, the common marmosets were treated with the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine. Ketamine at sub-anesthetic doses decreased success rate in the difficult trial, but not in the easy trial. Blonanserin at 0.1mg/kg reversed the decrease in success rate induced by ketamine in the difficult trial. The findings of this study suggest that blonanserin might have beneficial effect on executive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manato Kotani
- Ikeda Lab, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
| | - Takeshi Enomoto
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murai
- Ikeda Lab, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Nakako
- Ikeda Lab, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwamura
- Ikeda Lab, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kiyoshi
- Ikeda Lab, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Ikeda Lab, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Ikeda Lab, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
| | - Masaru Ikejiri
- Ikeda Lab, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakayama
- Ikeda Lab, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogi
- Ikeda Lab, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Ikeda
- Ikeda Lab, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-0053, Japan.
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Hikima T, Garcia-Munoz M, Arbuthnott GW. Presynaptic D1 heteroreceptors and mGlu autoreceptors act at individual cortical release sites to modify glutamate release. Brain Res 2016; 1639:74-87. [PMID: 26944299 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study release of glutamic acid (GLU) from one-axon terminal or bouton at-a-time using cortical neurons grown in vitro to study the effect of presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptor stimulation. Neurons were infected with release reporters SypHx2 or iGluSnFR at 7 or 3 days-in-vitro (DIV) respectively. At 13-15 DIV single synaptic boutons were identified from images obtained from a confocal scanning microscope before and after field electrical stimulation. We further stimulated release by raising intracellular levels of cAMP with forskolin (10µM). Forskolin-mediated effects were dependent on protein kinase A (PKA) and did not result from an increase in endocytosis, but rather from an increase in the size of the vesicle readily releasable pool. Once iGluSnFR was confirmed as more sensitive than SypHx2, it was used to study the participation of presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptors on GLU release. Although most receptor agonizts (carbamylcholine, nicotine, dopamine D2, BDNF) did not affect electrically stimulated GLU release, a significant increase was observed in the presence of metabotropic D1/D5 heteroreceptor agonist (SKF38393 10µM) that was reversed by PKA inhibitors. Interestingly, stimulation of group II metabotropic mGLU2/3 autoreceptors (LY379268 50nM) induced a decrease in GLU release that was reversed by the specific mGLU2/3 receptor antagonist (LY341495 1µM) and also by PKA inhibitors (KT5720 200nM and PKI14-22 400nM). These changes in release probability at individual release sites suggest another level of control of the distribution of transmitter substances in cortical tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hikima
- Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Marianela Garcia-Munoz
- Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Gordon William Arbuthnott
- Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
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30
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Boere JJ, Fellinger L, Huizinga DJH, Wong SF, Bijleveld E. Performance pressure and caffeine both affect cognitive performance, but likely through independent mechanisms. Brain Cogn 2015; 102:26-32. [PMID: 26686275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A prevalent combination in daily life, performance pressure and caffeine intake have both been shown to impact people's cognitive performance. Here, we examined the possibility that pressure and caffeine affect cognitive performance via a shared pathway. In an experiment, participants performed a modular arithmetic task. Performance pressure and caffeine intake were orthogonally manipulated. Findings indicated that pressure and caffeine both negatively impacted performance. However, (a) pressure vs. caffeine affected performance on different trial types, and (b) there was no hint of an interactive effect. So, though the evidence is indirect, findings suggest that pressure and caffeine shape performance via distinct mechanisms, rather than a shared one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Boere
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Lizz Fellinger
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erik Bijleveld
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, The Netherlands.
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31
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Barnes SA, Young JW, Bate ST, Neill JC. Dopamine D1 receptor activation improves PCP-induced performance disruption in the 5C-CPT by reducing inappropriate responding. Behav Brain Res 2015; 300:45-55. [PMID: 26658514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Attentional deficits contribute significantly to the functional disability of schizophrenia patients. The 5-choice continuous performance test (5C-CPT) measures attention in mice, rats, and humans, requiring the discrimination of trial types that either require a response or the inhibition of a response. The 5C-CPT, one version of human continuous performance tests (CPT), enables attentional testing in rodents in a manner consistent with humans. Augmenting the prefrontal cortical dopaminergic system has been proposed as a therapeutic target to attenuate the cognitive disturbances associated with schizophrenia. Using translational behavioural tasks in conjunction with inducing conditions relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology enable the assessment of pro-attentive properties of compounds that augment dopaminergic activity. Here, using a repeated phencyclidine (PCP) treatment regimen and the 5C-CPT paradigm, we assess the pro-attentive properties of SKF 38393, a dopamine D1 receptor agonist, in rats. We show that repeated PCP treatment induces robust deficits in 5C-CPT performance indicative of impaired attention. Pre-treatment with SKF 38393 partially attenuates the PCP-induced deficits in 5C-CPT performance by reducing false alarm responding and increasing response accuracy. Impaired target detection was still evident in SKF 38393-treated rats however. Thus, augmentation of the dopamine D1 system improves PCP-induces deficits in 5C-CPT performance by selectively reducing aspects of inappropriate responding. These findings provide evidence to support the hypothesis that novel therapies targeting the dopamine D1 receptor system could improve aspects of attentional deficits in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - J W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - S T Bate
- Statistical Sciences Europe, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - J C Neill
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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32
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Puig MV, Gulledge AT, Lambe EK, Gonzalez-Burgos G. Editorial: Neuromodulation of executive circuits. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:58. [PMID: 26500506 PMCID: PMC4596939 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Puig
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona, Spain
| | - Allan T Gulledge
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Evelyn K Lambe
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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A Population-Based Imaging Genetics Study of Inattention/Hyperactivity: Basal Ganglia and Genetic Pathways. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54:745-52. [PMID: 26299296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is 1 of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, little is known about the neurobiology. Clinical studies suggest basal ganglia morphology plays a role. Furthermore, hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms have recently been linked to genetic pathways involved in dopamine/norepinephrine and serotonin neurotransmission and neuritic outgrowth. We aimed to assess the association between ADHD symptoms, basal ganglia volume, and the 3 proposed genetic pathways in a pediatric population-based sample. With this, we aimed to investigate the generalizability of earlier clinical findings to the general population. METHOD This study included a population-based sample of 1,871 children with data on ADHD symptoms and genetic data, and 344 children with additional neuroimaging data. Regression analyses between ADHD symptom severity and volumetric data of the basal ganglia were performed. Also, gene-set analyses investigating the association between both ADHD symptom severity and basal ganglia volume with the dopamine/norepinephrine, serotonin, and neuritic outgrowth pathways were performed. RESULTS More inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were associated with a smaller volume of the putamen (β = -0.13, p = .034), which was regarded as trend-level after correction for multiple testing. Stratified analyses showed a stronger putamen-hyperactivity association in children with clinical scores, although a similar trend was visible in the nonclinical subsample. The genetic pathways were not related to either ADHD symptoms or basal ganglia volume. CONCLUSION ADHD symptoms were marginally related to putamen volume in our population-based sample. We found no evidence for a role of dopamine/norepinephrine, serotonin, or neuritic outgrowth genetic pathways in ADHD symptom severity.
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Anastasio NC, Stutz SJ, Fink LHL, Swinford-Jackson SE, Sears RM, DiLeone RJ, Rice KC, Moeller FG, Cunningham KA. Serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2A Receptor (5-HT2AR):5-HT2CR Imbalance in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Associates with Motor Impulsivity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1248-58. [PMID: 26120876 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A feature of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders is motor impulsivity. Recent studies have implicated serotonin (5-HT) systems in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in mediating individual differences in motor impulsivity, notably the 5-HT2AR receptor (5-HT2AR) and 5-HT2CR. We investigated the hypothesis that differences in the ratio of 5-HT2AR:5-HT2CR protein expression in mPFC would predict the individual level of motor impulsivity and that the engineered loss of the 5-HT2CR would result in high motor impulsivity concomitant with elevated 5-HT2AR expression and pharmacological sensitivity to the selective 5-HT2AR antagonist M100907. High and low impulsive rats were identified in a 1-choice serial reaction time task. Native protein levels of the 5-HT2AR and the 5-HT2CR predicted the intensity of motor impulsivity and the 5-HT2AR:5-HT2CR ratio in mPFC positively correlated with levels of premature responses in individual outbred rats. The possibility that the 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR act in concert to control motor impulsivity is supported by the observation that high phenotypic motor impulsivity associated with a diminished mPFC synaptosomal 5-HT2AR:5-HT2CR protein:protein interaction. Knockdown of mPFC 5-HT2CR resulted in increased motor impulsivity and triggered a functional disruption of the local 5-HT2AR:5-HT2CR balance as evidenced by a compensatory upregulation of 5-HT2AR protein expression and a leftward shift in the potency of M100907 to suppress impulsive behavior. We infer that there is an interactive relationship between the mPFC 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR, and that a 5-HT2AR:5-HT2CR imbalance may be a functionally relevant mechanism underlying motor impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert M. Sears
- Department
of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ralph J. DiLeone
- Department
of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Chemical
Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS/NIH/NIDA, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - F. Gerard Moeller
- Department
of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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Higgins GA, Fletcher PJ. Therapeutic Potential of 5-HT2C Receptor Agonists for Addictive Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1071-88. [PMID: 25870913 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) has long been associated with the control of a variety of motivated behaviors, including feeding. Much of the evidence linking 5-HT and feeding behavior was obtained from studies of the effects of the 5-HT releaser (dex)fenfluramine in laboratory animals and humans. Recently, the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin received FDA approval for the treatment of obesity. This review examines evidence to support the use of selective 5-HT2C receptor agonists as treatments for conditions beyond obesity, including substance abuse (particularly nicotine, psychostimulant, and alcohol dependence), obsessive compulsive, and excessive gambling disorder. Following a brief survey of the early literature supporting a role for 5-HT in modulating food and drug reinforcement, we propose that intrinsic differences between SSRI and serotonin releasers may have underestimated the value of serotonin-based pharmacotherapeutics to treat clinical forms of addictive behavior beyond obesity. We then highlight the critical involvement of the 5-HT2C receptor in mediating the effect of (dex)fenfluramine on feeding and body weight gain and the evidence that 5-HT2C receptor agonists reduce measures of drug reward and impulsivity. A recent report of lorcaserin efficacy in a smoking cessation trial further strengthens the idea that 5-HT2C receptor agonists may have potential as a treatment for addiction. This review was prepared as a contribution to the proceedings of the 11th International Society for Serotonin Research Meeting held in Hermanus, South Africa, July 9-12, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A. Higgins
- InterVivo Solutions Inc., 120 Carlton Street, Toronto, ON M5A
4K2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul J. Fletcher
- Section of Biopsychology
and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
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Möller M, Swanepoel T, Harvey BH. Neurodevelopmental Animal Models Reveal the Convergent Role of Neurotransmitter Systems, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress as Biomarkers of Schizophrenia: Implications for Novel Drug Development. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:987-1016. [PMID: 25794269 DOI: 10.1021/cn5003368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a life altering disease with a complex etiology and pathophysiology, and although antipsychotics are valuable in treating the disorder, certain symptoms and/or sufferers remain resistant to treatment. Our poor understanding of the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of schizophrenia hinders the discovery and development of improved pharmacological treatment, so that filling these gaps is of utmost importance for an improved outcome. A vast amount of clinical data has strongly implicated the role of inflammation and oxidative insults in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Preclinical studies using animal models are fundamental in our understanding of disease development and pathology as well as the discovery and development of novel treatment options. In particular, social isolation rearing (SIR) and pre- or postnatal inflammation (PPNI) have shown great promise in mimicking the biobehavioral manifestations of schizophrenia. Furthermore, the "dual-hit" hypothesis of schizophrenia states that a first adverse event such as genetic predisposition or a prenatal insult renders an individual susceptible to develop the disease, while a second insult (e.g., postnatal inflammation, environmental adversity, or drug abuse) may be necessary to precipitate the full-blown syndrome. Animal models that emphasize the "dual-hit" hypothesis therefore provide valuable insight into understanding disease progression. In this Review, we will discuss SIR, PPNI, as well as possible "dual-hit" animal models within the context of the redox-immune-inflammatory hypothesis of schizophrenia, correlating such changes with the recognized monoamine and behavioral alterations of schizophrenia. Finally, based on these models, we will review new therapeutic options, especially those targeting immune-inflammatory and redox pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Möller
- Department of Pharmacology and ‡Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - T. Swanepoel
- Department of Pharmacology and ‡Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - B. H. Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology and ‡Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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Pohanka M. Toxicology and the biological role of methanol and ethanol: Current view. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 160:54-63. [PMID: 26006090 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol variants such as ethanol and methanol are simple organic compounds widely used in foods, pharmaceuticals, chemical synthesis, etc. Both are becoming an emerging health problem; abuse of ethanol containing beverages can lead to disparate health problems and methanol is highly toxic and unfit for consumption. METHODS AND RESULTS This review summarizes the basic knowledge about ethanol and methanol toxicity, the effect mechanism on the body, the current care of poisoned individuals and the implication of alcohols in the development of diseases. Alcohol related dementia, stroke, metabolic syndrome and hepatitis are discussed as well. Besides ethanol, methanol toxicity and its biodegradation pathways are addressed. CONCLUSIONS The impact of ethanol and methanol on the body is shown as case reports, along with a discussion on the possible implication of alcohol in Alzheimer's disease and antidotal therapy for methanol poisoning. The role of ethanol in cancer and degenerative disorders seems to be underestimated given the current knowledge. Treatment in case of poisoning is another issue that remains unresolved even though effective protocols and drugs exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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38
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Ma L, Steinberg JL, Cunningham KA, Lane SD, Bjork JM, Neelakantan H, Price AE, Narayana PA, Kosten TR, Bechara A, Moeller FG. Inhibitory behavioral control: A stochastic dynamic causal modeling study comparing cocaine dependent subjects and controls. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 7:837-47. [PMID: 26082893 PMCID: PMC4459041 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine dependence is associated with increased impulsivity in humans. Both cocaine dependence and impulsive behavior are under the regulatory control of cortico-striatal networks. One behavioral laboratory measure of impulsivity is response inhibition (ability to withhold a prepotent response) in which altered patterns of regional brain activation during executive tasks in service of normal performance are frequently found in cocaine dependent (CD) subjects studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, little is known about aberrations in specific directional neuronal connectivity in CD subjects. The present study employed fMRI-based dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to study the effective (directional) neuronal connectivity associated with response inhibition in CD subjects, elicited under performance of a Go/NoGo task with two levels of NoGo difficulty (Easy and Hard). The performance on the Go/NoGo task was not significantly different between CD subjects and controls. The DCM analysis revealed that prefrontal–striatal connectivity was modulated (influenced) during the NoGo conditions for both groups. The effective connectivity from left (L) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to L caudate was similarly modulated during the Easy NoGo condition for both groups. During the Hard NoGo condition in controls, the effective connectivity from right (R) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to L caudate became more positive, and the effective connectivity from R ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) to L caudate became more negative. In CD subjects, the effective connectivity from L ACC to L caudate became more negative during the Hard NoGo conditions. These results indicate that during Hard NoGo trials in CD subjects, the ACC rather than DLPFC or VLPFC influenced caudate during response inhibition. Dynamic causal modeling was used to study response inhibition in cocaine dependence. A Go/NoGo task with two levels of NoGo difficulty (Easy and Hard) was used. Patients and controls used anterior cingulate cortex to control caudate during Easy NoGo. Controls used dorsolateral/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex to control caudate during Hard NoGo. Patients continued using anterior cingulate cortex to control caudate during Hard NoGo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsuo Ma
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Radiology, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joel L Steinberg
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Scott D Lane
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (UTHSC-H), USA
| | - James M Bjork
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Harshini Neelakantan
- Center for Addiction Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda E Price
- Center for Addiction Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ponnada A Narayana
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, UTHSC-H, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Gerard Moeller
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, VCU, VA 23219, USA
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Tremblay L, Worbe Y, Thobois S, Sgambato-Faure V, Féger J. Selective dysfunction of basal ganglia subterritories: From movement to behavioral disorders. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1155-70. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Léon Tremblay
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives-UMR 5229; CNRS-Université de Lyon 1; Bron France
| | - Yulia Worbe
- UPMC Université Paris 6, UMR-S975, CRICM-Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Paris France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives-UMR 5229; CNRS-Université de Lyon 1; Bron France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Neurologie C; Lyon France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux; Lyon France
| | | | - Jean Féger
- UPMC Université Paris 6, UMR-S975, CRICM-Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière; Paris France
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Guidi M, Kumar A, Foster TC. Impaired attention and synaptic senescence of the prefrontal cortex involves redox regulation of NMDA receptors. J Neurosci 2015; 35:3966-77. [PMID: 25740525 PMCID: PMC4348191 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3523-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Young (3-6 months) and middle-age (10-14 months) rats were trained on the five-choice serial reaction time task. Attention and executive function deficits were apparent in middle-age animals observed as a decrease in choice accuracy, increase in omissions, and increased response latency. The behavioral differences were not due to alterations in sensorimotor function or a diminished motivational state. Electrophysiological characterization of synaptic transmission in slices from the mPFC indicated an age-related decrease in glutamatergic transmission. In particular, a robust decrease in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic responses in the mPFC was correlated with several measures of attention. The decrease in NMDAR function was due in part to an altered redox state as bath application of the reducing agent, dithiothreitol, increased the NMDAR component of the synaptic response to a greater extent in middle-age animals. Together with previous work indicating that redox state mediates senescent physiology in the hippocampus, the results indicate that redox changes contribute to senescent synaptic function in vulnerable brain regions involved in age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Guidi
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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de Bartolomeis A, Tomasetti C, Iasevoli F. Update on the Mechanism of Action of Aripiprazole: Translational Insights into Antipsychotic Strategies Beyond Dopamine Receptor Antagonism. CNS Drugs 2015; 29:773-99. [PMID: 26346901 PMCID: PMC4602118 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-015-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine partial agonism and functional selectivity have been innovative strategies in the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia and mood disorders and have shifted the concept of dopamine modulation beyond the established approach of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonism. Despite the fact that aripiprazole was introduced in therapy more than 12 years ago, many questions are still unresolved regarding the complexity of the effects of this agent on signal transduction and intracellular pathways, in part linked to its pleiotropic receptor profile. The complexity of the mechanism of action has progressively shifted the conceptualization of this agent from partial agonism to functional selectivity. From the induction of early genes to modulation of scaffolding proteins and activation of transcription factors, aripiprazole has been shown to affect multiple cellular pathways and several cortical and subcortical neurotransmitter circuitries. Growing evidence shows that, beyond the consequences of D2R occupancy, aripiprazole has a unique neurobiology among available antipsychotics. The effect of chronic administration of aripiprazole on D2R affinity state and number has been especially highlighted, with relevant translational implications for long-term treatment of psychosis. The hypothesized effects of aripiprazole on cell-protective mechanisms and neurite growth, as well as the differential effects on intracellular pathways [i.e. extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)] compared with full D2R antagonists, suggest further exploration of these targets by novel and future biased ligand compounds. This review aims to recapitulate the main neurobiological effects of aripiprazole and discuss the potential implications for upcoming improvements in schizophrenia therapy based on dopamine modulation beyond D2R antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine of Napoli "Federico II", Via Pansini, 5, Edificio n.18, 3rd floor, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine of Napoli "Federico II", Via Pansini, 5, Edificio n.18, 3rd floor, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine of Napoli "Federico II", Via Pansini, 5, Edificio n.18, 3rd floor, 80131, Naples, Italy
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