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Wilke M. A three-step, "brute-force" approach toward optimized affine spatial normalization. Front Comput Neurosci 2024; 18:1367148. [PMID: 39040884 PMCID: PMC11260722 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2024.1367148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The first step in spatial normalization of magnetic resonance (MR) images commonly is an affine transformation, which may be vulnerable to image imperfections (such as inhomogeneities or "unusual" heads). Additionally, common software solutions use internal starting estimates to allow for a more efficient computation, which may pose a problem in datasets not conforming to these assumptions (such as those from children). In this technical note, three main questions were addressed: one, does the affine spatial normalization step implemented in SPM12 benefit from an initial inhomogeneity correction. Two, does using a complexity-reduced image version improve robustness when matching "unusual" images. And three, can a blind "brute-force" application of a wide range of parameter combinations improve the affine fit for unusual datasets in particular. A large database of 2081 image datasets was used, covering the full age range from birth to old age. All analyses were performed in Matlab. Results demonstrate that an initial removal of image inhomogeneities improved the affine fit particularly when more inhomogeneity was present. Further, using a complexity-reduced input image also improved the affine fit and was beneficial in younger children in particular. Finally, blindly exploring a very wide parameter space resulted in a better fit for the vast majority of subjects, but again particularly so in infants and young children. In summary, the suggested modifications were shown to improve the affine transformation in the large majority of datasets in general, and in children in particular. The changes can easily be implemented into SPM12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Experimental Pediatric Neuroimaging, Children’s Hospital and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Shimozono T, Shiiba T, Takano K. Radiomics score derived from T1-w/T2-w ratio image can predict motor symptom progression in Parkinson's disease. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10886-2. [PMID: 38958697 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the association between a radiomics score (Rad-score) derived from T1-weighted signal intensity to T2-weighted signal intensity (T1-w/T2-w) ratio images and the progression of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included patients with PD enrolled in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. The Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III score ≥ 33 and/or Hoehn and Yahr stage ≥ 3 indicated motor function decline. The Rad-score was constructed using radiomics features extracted from T1-w/T2-w ratio images. The Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analyses were used to assess the time differences in motor function decline between the high and low Rad-score groups. RESULTS A total of 171 patients with PD were divided into training (n = 101, mean age at baseline, 61.6 ± 9.3 years) and testing (n = 70, mean age at baseline, 61.6 ± 10 years). The patients in the high Rad-score group had a shorter time to motor function decline than those in the low Rad-score group in the training dataset (log-rank test, p < 0.001) and testing dataset (log-rank test, p < 0.001). The multivariate Cox regression using the Rad-score and clinical factors revealed a significant association between the Rad-score and motor function decline in the training dataset (HR = 2.368, 95%CI:1.423-3.943, p < 0.001) and testing dataset (HR = 2.931, 95%CI:1.472-5.837, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Rad-scores based on radiomics features derived from T1-w/T2-w ratio images were associated with the progression of motor symptoms in PD. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The radiomics score derived from the T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio images offers a predictive tool for assessing the progression of motor symptom in patients with PD. KEY POINTS Radiomics score derived from T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio images is correlated with the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. A high radiomics score correlated with faster motor function decline in patients with Parkinson's disease. The proposed radiomics score offers predictive insight into the progression of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shimozono
- Department of Neuroimaging and Brain Science, Major in Health Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takuro Shiiba
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Clinical Collaboration Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Takano
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Clinical Collaboration Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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Trujillo-Llano C, Sainz-Ballesteros A, Suarez-Ardila F, Gonzalez-Gadea ML, Ibáñez A, Herrera E, Baez S. Neuroanatomical markers of social cognition in neglected adolescents. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 31:100642. [PMID: 38800539 PMCID: PMC11127280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing up in neglectful households can impact multiple aspects of social cognition. However, research on neglect's effects on social cognition processes and their neuroanatomical correlates during adolescence is scarce. Here, we aimed to comprehensively assess social cognition processes (recognition of basic and contextual emotions, theory of mind, the experience of envy and Schadenfreude and empathy for pain) and their structural brain correlates in adolescents with legal neglect records within family-based care. First, we compared neglected adolescents (n = 27) with control participants (n = 25) on context-sensitive social cognition tasks while controlling for physical and emotional abuse and executive and intellectual functioning. Additionally, we explored the grey matter correlates of these domains through voxel-based morphometry. Compared to controls, neglected adolescents exhibited lower performance in contextual emotional recognition and theory of mind, higher levels of envy and Schadenfreude and diminished empathy. Physical and emotional abuse and executive or intellectual functioning did not explain these effects. Moreover, social cognition scores correlated with brain volumes in regions subserving social cognition and emotional processing. Our results underscore the potential impact of neglect on different aspects of social cognition during adolescence, emphasizing the necessity for preventive and intervention strategies to address these deficits in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Trujillo-Llano
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Agustín Sainz-Ballesteros
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - María Luz Gonzalez-Gadea
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eduar Herrera
- Universidad Icesi, Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos, Cali, Colombia
| | - Sandra Baez
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Liu Z, Lu W, Zou W, Gao Y, Li X, Xu G, So KF, McIntyre RS, Lin K, Shao R. A preliminary study on brain developmental features of bipolar disorder familial risk and subthreshold symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00163-0. [PMID: 38909895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk for Bipolar disorder (BD) is increased among individuals with family history or subthreshold mood symptoms. However, the brain structural developments associated with these BD risks remained unknown. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study examined the brain grey matter volume (GMV) developmental features of familial and symptomatic risks for BD, and their associations with participants' global function levels. We recruited unaffected BD offspring with (N=26, age=14.9±2.9 years, 14 females) or without (N=35, age=15.3±2.7 years, 19 females) subthreshold manic or depressive symptoms, and unaffected non-BD offspring with (N=49, age=14.5±2.2 years, 30 females) or without (N=68, age=15.0±2.3 years, 37 females) symptoms. The offspring had no mood disorder diagnosis prior to the study. The average follow-up duration was 2.63±1.63 years. RESULTS We found at baseline, significant interactive effects of familial risk and subthreshold symptoms indicated the symptomatic offspring exhibited markedly large GMV in the brain affective and cognitive circuitries. During follow-up, the combined group of BD offspring (symptomatic and non-symptomatic) displayed accelerated GMV decrease than BD non-offspring, in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, the combined group of symptomatic participants (offspring and non-offspring) displayed slower GMV decrease than non-symptomatic participants, in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Larger GMV at baseline, and accelerated GMV decrease during follow-up, prospectively and longitudinally predicted positive global function changes. All results survived multiple-testing correction. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that familial and symptomatic risks of BD are associated with distinct brain structural developments, and unraveled key brain developmental features of particularly vulnerable high-risk individuals to subsequent functional deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwan Liu
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weicong Lu
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Gao
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, No. 17, Shandong Road, Shinan district, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Canada; Professor and Nanshan Scholar, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.
| | - Robin Shao
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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Yuan D, Tournis E, Ryan ME, Lai CM, Geng X, Young NM, Wong PCM. Early-stage use of hearing aids preserves auditory cortical structure in children with sensorineural hearing loss. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae145. [PMID: 38610087 PMCID: PMC11021813 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing is critical to spoken language, cognitive, and social development. Little is known about how early auditory experiences impact the brain structure of children with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. This study examined the influence of hearing aid use and residual hearing on the auditory cortex of children with severe to profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss. We evaluated cortical preservation in 103 young pediatric cochlear implant candidates (55 females and 48 males) by comparing their multivoxel pattern similarity of auditory cortical structure with that of 78 age-matched children with typical hearing. The results demonstrated that early-stage hearing aid use preserved the auditory cortex of children with bilateral congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Children with less residual hearing experienced a more pronounced advantage from hearing aid use. However, this beneficial effect gradually diminished after 17 months of hearing aid use. These findings support timely fitting of hearing aids in conjunction with early implantation to take advantage of neural preservation to maximize auditory and spoken language development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yuan
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4F, Hui Yeung Shing Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3F, Sino Building Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elizabeth Tournis
- Department of Audiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Maura E Ryan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Department of Medical Imaging, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair St,Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Ching Man Lai
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4F, Hui Yeung Shing Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiujuan Geng
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4F, Hui Yeung Shing Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nancy M Young
- Division of Otolaryngology, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Knowles Hearing Center, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3540, United States
| | - Patrick C M Wong
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4F, Hui Yeung Shing Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, G/F, Leung Kau Kui Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Schreuders E, van Buuren M, Walsh RJ, Sijtsma H, Hollarek M, Lee NC, Krabbendam L. Learning whom not to trust across early and middle adolescence: A longitudinal neuroimaging study to trusting behavior involving an uncooperative other. Child Dev 2024; 95:368-390. [PMID: 37583272 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal changes in trusting behavior across adolescence and their neural correlates were examined. Neural regions of interest (ROIs) included the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), left anterior insula (AI), bilateral ventral striatum (VS), and right dorsal striatum (DS). Participants (wave 1 age: M = 12.90) played the investor in a Trust Game with an uncooperative trustee three times (1-year interval). Analyses included 77 primarily Dutch participants (33 females). Participants decreased their investments with wave. Furthermore, activity was heightened in mPFC, dACC, and DS during investment and repayment, and in right VS (investment) and AI (repayment). Finally, DS activity during repayment increased with wave. These findings highlight early-middle adolescence as an important period for developing sensitivity to uncooperative behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schreuders
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M van Buuren
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J Walsh
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Sijtsma
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Hollarek
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N C Lee
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L Krabbendam
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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González-Alemañy E, Ostrosky F, Lozano A, Lujan A, Perez M, Castañeda D, Diaz K, Lara R, Sacristan E, Bobes MA. Brain structural change associated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in maltreated children. Brain Res 2024; 1825:148702. [PMID: 38070819 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severely maltreatment child is a harmful social factor that can disrupt normal neurodevelopment. Two commonly reported effects of maltreatment are post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and brain structural and functional alteration. While Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is effectively used to reduce PTSD symptoms in maltreated children, yet, its impact on brain structural alterations has not been fully explored. This study investigated whether TF-CBT can attenuate alterations in brain structures associated with PTSD in middle childhood. METHODS The study evaluated the longitudinal effects of Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and gray matter volume (GMV) in two groups of children under 12 years old: maltreated children (MC) and healthy non- maltreatmentd children (HC). Structural magnetic resonance images T1 were obtained before and after TF-CBT in the MC group, while the HC group was scanned twice within the same time interval. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to analyze GMV changes over time. RESULTS After TF-CBT, maltreated children showed significantly reduced PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, a significant group-by-time interaction effect was observed in certain areas of the Left Temporal, Left Occipital, and bilateral Frontal Cortex, the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum. These interaction effects were driven by a GMV decrease in the MC group compared to the HC group. GMV changes can be predicted with clinical improvement in the left Middle Temporal gyrus, left Precuneus, and Cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TF-CBT intervention in very young maltreated children may have an effect on gray matter. This evidence demonstrates the importance of timely intervention when neuroplasticity mechanisms may be activated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Lara
- Centro Nacional de Investigación en Imagenología e instrumentación Médica (CI3M, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM), México.
| | - Emilio Sacristan
- Centro Nacional de Investigación en Imagenología e instrumentación Médica (CI3M, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM), México.
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Pearce AL, Fuchs B, Adise S, Masterson TD, Fearnbach N, English L, Keller KL. Loss of control eating in children is associated with altered cortical and subcortical brain structure. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1237591. [PMID: 38274697 PMCID: PMC10808807 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1237591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of control (LOC) eating is the perceived inability to control how much is eaten, regardless of actual amount consumed. Childhood LOC-eating is a risk factor for the development of binge-eating disorder (BED), but its neurobiological basis is poorly understood. Studies in children with BED have shown both increased gray matter volume in regions related to top-down cognitive control (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and reward-related decision making (e.g., orbital frontal cortex) relative to healthy controls. However, no studies have examined brain structure in children with LOC-eating. To identify potential neurobiological precursors of BED, we conducted secondary analysis of five studies that conducted T1 MPRAGE scans. Methods A total of 143, 7-12-year-old children (M = 8.9 years, 70 boys) were included in the study, 26% of which (n = 37) reported LOC-eating (semi-structured interview). Age, sex, and obesity status did not differ by LOC-eating. Differences between children with and without LOC were examined for gray matter volume, cortical thickness, gyrification, sulci depth, and cortical complexity after adjusting for age, sex, total intercranial volume, weight status, and study. Results Children with LOC, relative to those without, had greater gray matter volume in right orbital frontal cortex but lower gray matter volume in right parahippocampal gyrus, left CA4/dentate gyrus, and left cerebellar lobule VI. While there were no differences in cortical thickness or gyrification, children with LOC-eating had great sulci depth in left anterior cingulate cortex and cuneus and greater cortical complexity in right insular cortex. Discussion Together, this indicates that children with LOC-eating have structural differences in regions related to cognitive control, reward-related decision-making, and regulation of eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina L Pearce
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Bari Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Shana Adise
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Travis D Masterson
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Nicole Fearnbach
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Laural English
- United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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9
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Cavusoglu B, Ozer Gokaslan Ç, Cavusoglu D. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging differences between complex febrile seizure and recurrent simple febrile seizure. Brain Dev 2024; 46:35-43. [PMID: 37813784 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the volumetric differences in cortical and subcortical structures between patients with complex febrile seizure (FS) and recurrent simple FS. We aimed to identify the brain morphological patterns of children with complex FS. METHODS Twenty-five patients with complex FS and age- and sex-matched 25 patients with recurrent simple FS with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were studied. Cortical volumetric analysis was performed using a voxel-based morphometry method with the CAT12 toolbox within SPM12. FSL-FIRST was used to obtain volume measures of subcortical deep grey matter structures (amygdala, caudate nucleus, thalamus, nucleus accumbens, putamen, globus pallidus, and hippocampus). The volumetric asymmetry index (AI) and laterality index (LI) were calculated for each subcortical structure. RESULTS Compared with recurrent simple FS, complex FS demonstrated lower volume in the left putamen (p = .003) and right nucleus accumbens (p = .001). Additionally, patients with complex FS presented a higher magnitude of AI of the nucleus accumbens (p < .001) compared with recurrent simple FS. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that volumetric analysis may be a useful marker for the detection of FS-induced changes that reflect microstructural alterations. This study is the first to report on alterations in the putamen and nucleus accumbens in FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Cavusoglu
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Çigdem Ozer Gokaslan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyon, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Cavusoglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyon, Turkey.
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Wang J, Joanisse MF, Booth JR. Learning to Read Strengthens Functional Connectivity Between the Ventral Occipitotemporal Cortex and the Superior Temporal Gyrus During an Auditory Phonological Awareness Task. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:4532-4546. [PMID: 37870878 PMCID: PMC10715841 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is often assumed that phonological awareness only reflects children's phonological skill. However, orthographic representations have been found to be automatically involved during phonological awareness tasks, which we refer to as automatic orthographic activation. Although previous longitudinal neural studies have addressed how phonological processing during phonological awareness tasks is bidirectionally related to reading skill in developing children, we do not know how automatic orthographic activation plays a role in reading skill. METHOD To address this gap, we measured 40 children's reading skill and brain activity during an auditory phonological task at two time points using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Children were 5.5 to 6.5 years old at the first time point and were followed up approximately 1.5 years later when they were 7 to 8 years old. RESULTS We found that earlier reading skill predicted children's later functional connectivity during onset processing between the left superior temporal gyrus, a phonological region, and the left posterior ventral occipitotemporal cortex, an orthographic region representing letters. CONCLUSION This finding, together with previous studies, suggests that learning to read influences phonological awareness not only by refining phonological representations but also via strengthening the automatic mapping between phonemes and letters during spoken language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Marc F. Joanisse
- Department of Psychology and Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - James R. Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Tkalcec A, Bierlein M, Seeger-Schneider G, Walitza S, Jenny B, Menks WM, Felhbaum LV, Borbas R, Cole DM, Raschle N, Herbrecht E, Stadler C, Cubillo A. Empathy deficits, callous-unemotional traits and structural underpinnings in autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorder youth. Autism Res 2023; 16:1946-1962. [PMID: 37548142 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Distinct empathy deficits are often described in patients with conduct disorder (CD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yet their neural underpinnings and the influence of comorbid Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits are unclear. This study compares the cognitive (CE) and affective empathy (AE) abilities of youth with CD and ASD, their potential neuroanatomical correlates, and the influence of CU traits on empathy. Adolescents and parents/caregivers completed empathy questionnaires (N = 148 adolescents, mean age = 15.16 years) and T1 weighted images were obtained from a subsample (N = 130). Group differences in empathy and the influence of CU traits were investigated using Bayesian analyses and Voxel-Based Morphometry with Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement focusing on regions involved in AE (insula, amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus and cingulate cortex) and CE processes (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, superior temporal gyrus, and precuneus). The ASD group showed lower parent-reported AE and CE scores and lower self-reported CE scores while the CD group showed lower parent-reported CE scores than controls. When accounting for the influence of CU traits no AE deficits in ASD and CE deficits in CD were found, but CE deficits in ASD remained. Across all participants, CU traits were negatively associated with gray matter volumes in anterior cingulate which extends into the mid cingulate, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. Thus, although co-occurring CU traits have been linked to global empathy deficits in reports and underlying brain structures, its influence on empathy aspects might be disorder-specific. Investigating the subdimensions of empathy may therefore help to identify disorder-specific empathy deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Tkalcec
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Bierlein
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gudrun Seeger-Schneider
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinic, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinic, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Jenny
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinic, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Willeke M Menks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, and Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Psychology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lynn V Felhbaum
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reka Borbas
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David M Cole
- Translational Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora Raschle
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evelyn Herbrecht
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Stadler
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Cubillo
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Yuan D, Ng IHY, Feng G, Chang WT, Tong MCF, Young NM, Wong PCM. The Extent of Hearing Input Affects the Plasticity of the Auditory Cortex in Children With Hearing Loss: A Preliminary Study. Am J Audiol 2023; 32:379-390. [PMID: 37080240 DOI: 10.1044/2023_aja-22-00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated to what extent residual hearing and rehabilitation options (e.g., hearing aids [HAs]) affect the auditory cortex in children with hearing loss. METHOD Twenty-one children with bilateral congenital sensorineural hearing loss who were candidates for cochlear implantation were recruited. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was conducted to assess the gray matter (GM) volume in the auditory cortex. Children's residual hearing was measured by pure-tone audiometry at different frequencies. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to examine the effects of residual hearing and the use of HAs on GM volume in the auditory cortex with the control of age and gender. RESULTS Children with more residual hearing at high frequencies had larger GM volume ratio (corrected by total intracranial volume) in the left Heschl's gyrus (r = -.545, p = .013). An interaction effect between residual hearing and the use of HAs suggested that the effect of residual hearing on GM ratio was moderated by the use of HAs (β = -.791, p = .020). Compared with children with less residual hearing, children who had more residual hearing benefited more from longer use of HAs in terms of a larger GM ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings highlight the impact of residual hearing on the neuroanatomy of the auditory cortex in children with hearing loss. Moreover, our results call for more auditory input via HAs for children with more residual hearing to preserve the auditory cortex before cochlear implantation. For children with less residual hearing who might receive limited benefit from HAs, an early cochlear implant would be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yuan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Iris H-Y Ng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gangyi Feng
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wai Tsz Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Michael C F Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Nancy M Young
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, IL
| | - Patrick C M Wong
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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13
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Xin J, Huang K, Yi A, Feng Z, Liu H, Liu X, Liang L, Huang Q, Xiao Y. Absence of associations with prefrontal cortex and cerebellum may link to early language and social deficits in preschool children with ASD. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1144993. [PMID: 37215652 PMCID: PMC10192852 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1144993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder, characterized by language and social deficits that begin to appear in the first years of life. Research in preschool children with ASD has consistently reported increased global brain volume and abnormal cortical patterns, and the brain structure abnormalities have also been found to be clinically and behaviorally relevant. However, little is known regarding the associations between brain structure abnormalities and early language and social deficits in preschool children with ASD. Methods In this study, we collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from a cohort of Chinese preschool children with and without ASD (24 ASD/20 non-ASD) aged 12-52 months, explored group differences in brain gray matter (GM) volume, and examined associations between regional GM volume and early language and social abilities in these two groups, separately. Results We observed significantly greater global GM volume in children with ASD as compared to those without ASD, but there were no regional GM volume differences between these two groups. For children without ASD, GM volume in bilateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum was significantly correlated with language scores; GM volume in bilateral prefrontal cortex was significantly correlated with social scores. No significant correlations were found in children with ASD. Discussion Our data demonstrate correlations of regional GM volume with early language and social abilities in preschool children without ASD, and the absence of these associations appear to underlie language and social deficits in children with ASD. These findings provide novel evidence for the neuroanatomical basis associated with language and social abilities in preschool children with and without ASD, which promotes a better understanding of early deficits in language and social functions in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xin
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Kaiyu Huang
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aiwen Yi
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Ziyu Feng
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Lili Liang
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Qingshan Huang
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yaqiong Xiao
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Wang J, Yamasaki BL, Booth JR. Phonological and Semantic Specialization in 9- to 10-Year-Old Children During Auditory Word Processing. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 4:297-317. [PMID: 37229511 PMCID: PMC10205156 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the core features of brain maturation is functional specialization. Previous research has found that 7- to 8-year-old children start to specialize in both the temporal and frontal lobes. However, as children continue to develop their phonological and semantic skills rapidly until approximately 10 years old, it remained unclear whether any changes in specialization later in childhood would be detected. Thus, the goal of the current study was to examine phonological and semantic specialization in 9- to 10-year-old children during auditory word processing. Sixty-one children were included in the analysis. They were asked to perform a sound judgment task and a meaning judgment task, each with both hard and easy conditions to examine parametric effects. Consistent with previous results from 7- to 8-year-old children, direct task comparisons revealed language specialization in both the temporal and frontal lobes in 9- to 10-year-old children. Specifically, the left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus showed greater activation for the sound than the meaning task whereas the left middle temporal gyrus showed greater activation for the meaning than the sound task. Interestingly, in contrast to the previously reported finding that 7- to 8-year-old children primarily engage a general control region during the harder condition for both tasks, we showed that 9- to 10-year-old children recruited language-specific regions to process the more difficult task conditions. Specifically, the left superior temporal gyrus showed greater activation for the phonological parametric manipulation whereas the left ventral inferior frontal gyrus showed greater activation for the semantic parametric manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Brianna L. Yamasaki
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - James R. Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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15
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Wang J, Tong F, Joanisse MF, Booth JR. A sculpting effect of reading on later representational quality of phonology revealed by multi-voxel pattern analysis in young children. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 239:105252. [PMID: 36934461 PMCID: PMC10115136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Using univariate analysis, a previous study by Wang et al. (2020) found a scaffolding effect of earlier phonological representation in superior temporal gyrus (STG) on later reading skill but failed to observe a sculpting effect of earlier reading on later phonological representation. The current study applied multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to examine if both scaffolding and sculpting effects were present in young children. We found that better initial reading skill predicted higher decoding coefficient of brain activity patterns for phonological representations in STG. This sculpting effect was present only for decoding small grain sizes (phonemes) and in younger children (6- to 7.5-year-olds), as we did not find any effects for large grain sizes (rhymes) or older children (7.5- to 9.5-year-olds). Although a scaffolding effect was not observed, the current study provides the first neural evidence of how earlier reading sculpts later phonological awareness in beginning readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Frank Tong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marc F Joanisse
- Department of Psychology & Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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16
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Núñez C, García-Alix A, Arca G, Agut T, Carreras N, Portella MJ, Stephan-Otto C. Breastfeeding duration is associated with larger cortical gray matter volumes in children from the ABCD study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023. [PMID: 36946606 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the numerous studies in favor of breastfeeding for its benefits in cognition and mental health, the long-term effects of breastfeeding on brain structure are still largely unknown. Our main objective was to study the relationship between breastfeeding duration and cerebral gray matter volumes. We also explored the potential mediatory role of brain volumes on behavior. METHODS We analyzed 7,860 magnetic resonance images of children 9-11 years of age from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset in order to study the relationship between breastfeeding duration and cerebral gray matter volumes. We also obtained several behavioral data (cognition, behavioral problems, prodromal psychotic experiences, prosociality, impulsivity) to explore the potential mediatory role of brain volumes on behavior. RESULTS In the 7,860 children analyzed (median age = 9 years and 11 months; 49.9% female), whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed an association mainly between breastfeeding duration and larger bilateral volumes of the pars orbitalis and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. In particular, the association with the left pars orbitalis and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex proved to be very robust to the addition of potentially confounding covariates, random selection of siblings, and splitting the sample in two. The volume of the left pars orbitalis and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex appeared to mediate the relationship between breastfeeding duration and the negative urgency dimension of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Global gray matter volumes were also significant mediators for behavioral problems as measured with the Child Behavior Checklist. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that breastfeeding is a relevant factor in the proper development of the brain, particularly for the pars orbitalis and lateral orbitofrontal cortex regions. This, in turn, may impact impulsive personality and mental health in early puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Núñez
- Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo García-Alix
- Neonatal Neurology, NeNe Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Iberoamerican Society of Neonatology (SIBEN), NJ, United States
| | - Gemma Arca
- Neonatal Neurology, NeNe Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thais Agut
- Neonatal Neurology, NeNe Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Carreras
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Portella
- Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Stephan-Otto
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Computational Imaging Group (PeCIC), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Sijtsma H, van Buuren M, Hollarek M, Walsh RJ, Lee NC, Braams BR, Krabbendam L. Social network position, trust behavior, and neural activity in young adolescents. Neuroimage 2023; 268:119882. [PMID: 36652976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our social interactions take place within numerous social networks, in which our relationships with others define our position within these networks. In this study, we examined how the centrality of positions within social networks was associated with trust behavior and neural activity in 49 adolescents (Mage = 12.8 years, SDage = 0.4 years). The participants played a trust game with a cartoon animation as a partner, which showed adaptive behavior in response to the participant and was generally untrustworthy. Social network positions were obtained in secondary school classrooms where the participants and their classmates reported on who their friends were. Using social network analysis, a score was calculated that indicated the centrality of everyone's position within the friendship network. The results showed that more central social network positions were associated with higher levels of initial trust behavior, although no evidence was found for a relationship between network position and the adaptation of trust behavior. The results of the functional MRI analyses showed that the centrality of the network positions was positively associated with caudate activity when making trust decisions. Furthermore, the adolescents with more central network positions also showed stronger increases of caudate activity when the partner's return was processed compared to the adolescents with less central network positions. The current study provides initial evidence that social network positions in friendship networks relate to socio-cognitive behavior and neural activity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Sijtsma
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Research Institute LEARN, Institute for Brain and Behavior, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands.
| | - Mariët van Buuren
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Research Institute LEARN, Institute for Brain and Behavior, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Hollarek
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Research Institute LEARN, Institute for Brain and Behavior, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Reubs J Walsh
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Research Institute LEARN, Institute for Brain and Behavior, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Nikki C Lee
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Research Institute LEARN, Institute for Brain and Behavior, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Barbara R Braams
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Research Institute LEARN, Institute for Brain and Behavior, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Research Institute LEARN, Institute for Brain and Behavior, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands
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18
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Nemmi F, Cignetti F, Vaugoyeau M, Assaiante C, Chaix Y, Péran P. Developmental dyslexia, developmental coordination disorder and comorbidity discrimination using multimodal structural and functional neuroimaging. Cortex 2023; 160:43-54. [PMID: 36680923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are two common neurodevelopmental disorders with a high co-occurrence rate. This led several authors to postulate that the two disorders share, at least partially, similar neural underpinning. However, even though several studies examined brain differences between typically developing (TD) children and children with either DD or DCD, no previous study directly compared DD, DCD and children with both disorders (COM) using neuroimaging. We acquired structural and resting-state functional MRI images of 136 children (TD = 42, DD = 45, DCD = 20, COM = 29). Difference between TD children and the other groups was assessed using univariate analysis of structural indexes including grey and white matter volumes and functional indexes quantifying activity (fraction of the amplitude of the low frequency fluctuations), local and global connectivity. Regional differences in structural and functional brain indexes were then used to train machine learning models to discriminate among DD, DCD and COM and to find the most discriminant regions. While no imaging index alone discriminated between the three groups, grouping grey and white matter volumes (structural model) or activity, local and global connectivity (functional model) made possible to discriminate among the DD, DCD and COM groups. The most important discrimination was obtained using the functional model, with regions in the cerebellum and the temporal lobe being the most discriminant for DCD and DD children, respectively. Results further showed that children with both DD and DCD have subtle but identifiable brain differences that can only be captured using several imaging indexes pertaining to both brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nemmi
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC - UMR1214), Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Fabien Cignetti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Vaugoyeau
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cogntives (LNC - UMR7291, CNRS/Aix Marseille Université), Marseille, France
| | - Christine Assaiante
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cogntives (LNC - UMR7291, CNRS/Aix Marseille Université), Marseille, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC - UMR1214), Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC - UMR1214), Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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19
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Du X, Wei L, Yang B, Long S, Wang J, Sun A, Jiang Y, Qiao Z, Wang H, Wang Y. Cortical and subcortical morphological alteration in Angelman syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:7. [PMID: 36788499 PMCID: PMC9930225 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-022-09469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with serious seizures. We aim to explore the brain morphometry of patients with AS and figure out whether the seizure is associated with brain development. METHODS Seventy-three patients and 26 healthy controls (HC) underwent high-resolution structural brain MRI. Group differences between the HC group and the AS group and also between AS patients with seizure (AS-Se) and age-matched AS patients with non-seizure (AS-NSe) were compared. The voxel-based and surface-based morphometry analyses were used in our study. Gray matter volume, cortical thickness (CTH), and local gyrification index (LGI) were assessed to analyze the cortical and subcortical structure alteration in the AS brain. RESULTS Firstly, compared with the HC group, children with AS were found to have a significant decrease in gray matter volume in the subcortical nucleus, cortical, and cerebellum. However, the gray matter volume of AS patients in the inferior precuneus was significantly increased. Secondly, patients with AS had significantly increased LGI in the whole brain as compared with HC. Thirdly, the comparison of AS-Se and the AS-NSe groups revealed a significant decrease in caudate volume in the AS-Se group. Lastly, we further selected the caudate and the precuneus as ROIs for volumetric analysis, the AS group showed significantly increased LGI in the precuneus and reduced CTH in the right precuneus. Between the AS-Se and the AS-NSe groups, the AS-Se group exhibited significantly lower density in the caudate, while only the CTH in the left precuneus showed a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in patients with AS, including globally the decreased brain volume in the subcortical nucleus, the increased gray matter volume of precuneus, and the whole-brain increase of LGI and reduction of CTH. The abnormal brain pattern was more serious in patients with seizures, suggesting that the occurrence of seizures may be related to abnormal brain changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Du
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Long
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiqi Sun
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Paediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, CT, New Haven, China
| | - Zhongwei Qiao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and BrainInspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, USA.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
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Klöbl M, Prillinger K, Diehm R, Doganay K, Lanzenberger R, Poustka L, Plener P, Konicar L. Individual brain regulation as learned via neurofeedback is related to affective changes in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:6. [PMID: 36635760 PMCID: PMC9837918 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotions often play a role in neurofeedback (NF) regulation strategies. However, investigations of the relationship between the induced neuronal changes and improvements in affective domains are scarce in electroencephalography-based studies. Thus, we extended the findings of the first study on slow cortical potential (SCP) NF in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by linking affective changes to whole-brain activity during rest and regulation. METHODS Forty-one male adolescents with ASD were scanned twice at rest using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Between scans, half underwent NF training, whereas the other half received treatment as usual. Furthermore, parents reported on their child's affective characteristics at each measurement. The NF group had to alternatingly produce negative and positive SCP shifts during training and was additionally scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging while applying their developed regulation strategies. RESULTS No significant treatment group-by-time interactions in affective or resting-state measures were found. However, we found increases of resting activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and right inferior temporal gyrus as well as improvements in affective characteristics over both groups. Activation corresponding to SCP differentiation in these regions correlated with the affective improvements. A further correlation was found for Rolandic operculum activation corresponding to positive SCP shifts. There were no significant correlations with the respective achieved SCP regulation during NF training. CONCLUSION SCP NF in ASD did not lead to superior improvements in neuronal or affective functioning compared to treatment as usual. However, the affective changes might be related to the individual strategies and their corresponding activation patterns as indicated by significant correlations on the whole-brain level. Trial registration This clinical trial was registered at drks.de (DRKS00012339) on 20th April, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Klöbl
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Prillinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Diehm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kamer Doganay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lilian Konicar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Individual differences in brain structure and self-reported empathy in children. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1078-1089. [PMID: 35338471 PMCID: PMC9458571 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-00993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Empathy refers to the understanding and sharing of others’ emotions and comprises cognitive and affective components. Empathy is important for social functioning, and alterations in empathy have been demonstrated in many developmental or psychiatric disorders. While several studies have examined associations between empathy and brain structure in adults, few have investigated this relationship in children. Investigating associations between empathy and brain structure during childhood will help us to develop a deeper understanding of the neural correlates of empathy across the lifespan. A total of 125 children (66 females, mean age 10 years) underwent magnetic resonance imaging brain scans. Grey matter volume and cortical thickness from structural images were examined using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12) within Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) software. Children completed questionnaire measures of empathy (cognitive empathy, affective empathy: affective sharing, empathic concern, and empathic distress). In hypothesised region of interest analyses, individual differences in affective and cognitive empathy were related to grey matter volume in the insula and the precuneus. Although these relationships were of similar strength to those found in previous research, they did not survive correction for the total number of models computed. While no significant findings were detected between grey matter volume and empathy in exploratory whole-brain analysis, associations were found between cortical thickness and empathic concern in the right precentral gyrus. This study provides preliminary evidence that individual differences in self-reported empathy in children may be related to aspects of brain structure. Findings highlight the need for more research investigating the neurobiological correlates of empathy in children.
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22
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Tang C, Ren P, Ma K, Li S, Wang X, Guan Y, Zhou J, Li T, Liang X, Luan G. The correspondence between morphometric MRI and metabolic profile in Rasmussen's encephalitis. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102918. [PMID: 34952352 PMCID: PMC8713113 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The GM atrophy located in the insular and temporal cortices of the affected side. Positive correlation was found in the brain region featuring MRI atrophy and FDG-PET. GM atrophy was spatially correlated with dopaminergic and serotonergic mapping in RE.
Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) atrophy is a hallmark of Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE). Here, we aim to investigate voxel-wise gray matter (GM) atrophy in RE, and its associations with glucose hypometabolism and neurotransmitter distribution utilizing MRI and PET data. In this study, fifteen RE patients and fourteen MRI normal subjects were included in this study. Voxel-wise GM volume and glucose metabolic uptake were evaluated using structural MRI and FDG-PET images, respectively. Spatial Spearman’s correlation was performed between GM atrophy of RE with FDG uptake alterations, and neurotransmitter distributions provided in the JuSpace toolbox. Compared with the control group, RE patients displayed extensive GM volume loss not only in the ipsilateral hemisphere, but also in the frontal lobe, basal ganglia, and cerebellum in the contralateral hemisphere. Within the RE group, the insular and temporal cortices exhibited significantly more GM atrophy on the ipsilesional than the contralesional side. FDG-PET data revealed significant hypometabolism in areas surrounding the insular cortices in the ipsilesional hemisphere. RE-related GM volumetric atrophy was spatially correlated with hypomebolism in FDG uptake, and with spatial distribution of the dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. The spatial concordance of morphological changes with metabolic abnormalities suggest FDG-PET offers potential value for RE diagnosis. The GM alterations associated with neurotransmitter distribution map could provide novel insight in understanding the neuropathological mechanisms and clinical feature of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kaiqiang Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Siyang Li
- Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiongfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuguang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- Department of Neurology, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China; Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing 100093, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xia Liang
- Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Guoming Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China; Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing 100093, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100093, China.
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23
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Development of the neural correlates of self- and other-referential processing across adolescence. Neuroimage 2022; 252:119032. [PMID: 35218931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, major changes in brain mechanisms take place and differentiated representations of both the self and of others are developed. Although studies have investigated the neural mechanisms of self- and other-referential processing in adolescents, the development of these mechanisms remain largely unaddressed. Here, we report a three-year longitudinal study with annual measurements, and investigate the developmental trajectories of activity and connectivity underlying self- and other-referential processes in 34 participants from early to mid-adolescence (mean age timepoints 1, 2, 3= 12.9, 13.9, 15.0 years). Moreover, we probe whether these correlates continue to develop from mid-adolescence to young adulthood by comparing neural correlates of the adolescents at the last measurement to an independent group of 42 young adults (mean age 22 years). Participants underwent functional MRI while performing a trait judgement task in which they indicated whether an adjective described themselves, a similar or a dissimilar peer. Brain activity within the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) and right temporal parietal junction (TPJ) showed a quadratic change from early to mid-adolescence, with a peak in activity at the second measurement when evaluating the self, the similar and dissimilar peer. No differential activity was observed when comparing the adolescents to young adults. Functional connectivity did not change from early to mid-adolescence, however, connectivity of the dMPFC with a posterior midline region during self- and other-referential processing relative to the control condition reduced from mid-adolescence to young adulthood. Together, these findings provide insight in the developmental trajectories of brain activity and connectivity underlying the development of the self-concept and representations of peers in adolescence.
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24
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Higgins RC, Keller KL, Aruma JC, Masterson TD, Adise S, Fearnbach N, Stein WM, English LK, Fuchs B, Pearce AL. Influence of exclusive breastfeeding on hippocampal structure, satiety responsiveness, and weight status. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 18:e13333. [PMID: 35167726 PMCID: PMC9218327 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Longer exclusive breastfeeding duration has been associated with differences in neural development, better satiety responsiveness, and decreased risk for childhood obesity. Given hippocampus sensitivity to diet and potential role in the integration of satiety signals, hippocampus may play a role in these relationships. We conducted a secondary analysis of 149, 7–11‐year‐olds (73 males) who participated in one of five studies that assessed neural responses to food cues. Hippocampal grey matter volume was extracted from structural scans using CAT12, weight status was assessed using age‐ and sex‐adjusted body mass index (%BMIp85), and parents reported exclusive breastfeeding duration and satiety responsiveness (Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire). Separate path models for left and right hippocampus tested: (1) the direct effect of exclusive breastfeeding on satiety responsiveness and its indirect effect through hippocampal grey matter volume; (2) the direct effect of hippocampal grey matter volume on %BMIp85 and its indirect effect through satiety responsiveness. %BMIp85 was adjusted for maternal education, yearly income, and premature birth while hippocampal grey matter volume was adjusted for total intercranial volume, age, and study from which data were extracted. Longer exclusive breastfeeding duration was associated with greater bilateral hippocampal grey matter volumes. In addition, better satiety responsiveness and greater left hippocampal grey matter volume were both associated with lower %BMIp85. However, hippocampal grey matter volumes were not associated with satiety responsiveness. Although no relationship was found between breastfeeding and child weight status, these results highlight the potential impact of exclusive breastfeeding duration on the hippocampal structure. Longer exclusive breastfeeding was associated with greater bilateral hippocampal grey matter volume but not satiety responsiveness in children. While exclusive breastfeeding duration was not directly associated with weight status, better satiety responsiveness and greater left hippocampal grey matter volume were both associated with lower weight status in children. This study highlights the potential impact of exclusive breastfeeding on hippocampal structure, providing a possible mechanism in which breastfeeding may reduce the risk for excess childhood weight gain. Future studies need to determine the relative impact that complementary periods of breastfeeding may have on regional brain development and satiety responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Higgins
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, University Park Campus, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Food Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jane C Aruma
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, University Park Campus, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Travis D Masterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shana Adise
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicole Fearnbach
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Wendy M Stein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laural K English
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.,Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR), Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis (ONGA), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), Alexandria, Virginia, USA.,The Panum Group, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bari Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alaina L Pearce
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
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25
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Wang J, Lytle MN, Weiss Y, Yamasaki BL, Booth JR. A longitudinal neuroimaging dataset on language processing in children ages 5, 7, and 9 years old. Sci Data 2022; 9:4. [PMID: 35013348 PMCID: PMC8748964 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This dataset examines language development with a longitudinal design and includes diffusion- and T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), task-based functional MRI (fMRI), and a battery of psycho-educational assessments and parental questionnaires. We collected data from 5.5-6.5-year-old children (ses-5) and followed them up when they were 7-8 years old (ses-7) and then again at 8.5-10 years old (ses-9). To increase the sample size at the older time points, another cohort of 7-8-year-old children (ses-7) were recruited and followed up when they were 8.5-10 years old (ses-9). In total, 322 children who completed at least one structural and functional scan were included. Children performed four fMRI tasks consisting of two word-level tasks examining phonological and semantic processing and two sentence-level tasks investigating semantic and syntactic processing. The MRI data is valuable for examining changes over time in interactive specialization due to the use of multiple imaging modalities and tasks in this longitudinal design. In addition, the extensive psycho-educational assessments and questionnaires provide opportunities to explore brain-behavior and brain-environment associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Marisa N Lytle
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Yael Weiss
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Brianna L Yamasaki
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
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26
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Wang J, Wagley N, Rice ML, Booth JR. Semantic and syntactic specialization during auditory sentence processing in 7-8-year-old children. Cortex 2021; 145:169-186. [PMID: 34731687 PMCID: PMC8633078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that adults show specialized syntactic and semantic processes in both the temporal and frontal lobes during language comprehension. Neuro-cognitive models of language development argue that this specialization appears earlier in the temporal than the frontal lobe. However, there is little evidence supporting this proposed progression. Our recently published study (Wang, Rice, & Booth, 2020), using multivoxel pattern analyses, detected that children as young as 5 to 6 years old exhibit specialization and integration in the temporal lobe, but not the frontal lobe. In the current study, we used the same approach to examine semantic and syntactic specialization in children ages 7 to 8 years old. We found support for semantic specialization in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) for correct sentences and in the triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) for incorrect sentences. We also found that the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) played an integration role and was sensitive to both semantic and syntactic processing during both correct and incorrect sentence processing. However, there was no support for syntactic specialization in 7- to 8-year-old children. As compared to our previous study on 5- to 6-year-old children, which only showed semantic specialization in the temporal lobe, the current study suggests a developmental progression to semantic specialization in the frontal lobe. This project represents an important step forward in testing neuro-cognitive models of language processing in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Neelima Wagley
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mabel L Rice
- Child Language Doctoral Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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27
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Wagley N, Booth JR. Neuro-cognitive development of semantic and syntactic bootstrapping in 6- to 7.5-year-old children. Neuroimage 2021; 241:118416. [PMID: 34298084 PMCID: PMC8629629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the longitudinal relations of brain and behavior from ages 6-7.5 years old to test the bootstrapping account of language development. Prior work suggests that children's vocabulary development is foundational for acquiring grammar (e.g., semantic bootstrapping) and that children rely on the syntactic context of sentences to learn the meaning of new words (e.g., syntactic bootstrapping). Yet, little is known about the dynamics underlying semantic and syntactic development as children enter elementary school. In a series of preregistered and exploratory analyses, we tested how semantic and syntactic behavioral skills may influence the development of brain regions implicated in these processes, i.e. left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) and inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis, IFGop), respectively. Vice-a-versa, we tested how these brain regions may influence the development of children's semantic and syntactic behavioral skills. We assessed semantic (N = 26) and syntactic (N = 30) processes behaviorally and in the brain when children were ages 5.5-6.5 years old (Time 1) and again at 7-8 years old (Time 2). All brain-behavior analyses controlled for T1 autoregressive effects and phonological memory. Exploratory hierarchical regression analyses suggested bi-directional influences, but with greater support for syntactic bootstrapping. Across the analyses, there was a small to medium effect of change in variance in models where semantics predicted syntax. Conversely, there was medium to large change in variance in models where syntax predicted semantics. In line with prior literature, results suggest a close relationship between lexical and grammatical development in children ages 6-7.5 years old. However, there was more robust evidence for syntactic bootstrapping, suggesting that acquisition of phrase structure in school age children may allow for more effective learning of word meanings. This complements prior behavioral studies and suggests a potential shift in the early reliance on semantics to later reliance on syntax in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Wagley
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA.
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
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28
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Sahraei I, Hildesheim FE, Thome I, Kessler R, Rusch KM, Sommer J, Kamp-Becker I, Stark R, Jansen A. Developmental changes within the extended face processing network: A cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 82:64-76. [PMID: 34676995 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the field of face processing, the so-called "core network" has been intensively researched. Its neural activity can be reliably detected in children and adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, the core network's counterpart, the so-called "extended network," has been less researched. In the present study, we compared children's and adults' brain activity in the extended system, in particular in the amygdala, the insula, and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Using fMRI, we compared the brain activation pattern between children aged 7-9 years and adults during an emotional face processing task. On the one hand, children showed increased activity in the extended face processing system in relation to adults, particularly in the left amygdala, the right insula, and the left IFG. On the other hand, lateralization indices revealed a "leftward bias" in children's IFG compared to adults. These results suggest that brain activity associated with face processing is characterized by a developmental decrease in activity. They further show that the development is associated with a rightward migration of face-related IFG activation, possibly due to the competition for neural space between several developing brain functions ("developmental competition hypothesis").
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Sahraei
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Franziska E Hildesheim
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ina Thome
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roman Kessler
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany.,Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway.,University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kristin M Rusch
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Sommer
- Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Inge Kamp-Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
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29
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Yamasaki BL, McGregor KK, Booth JR. Early Phonological Neural Specialization Predicts Later Growth in Word Reading Skills. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:674119. [PMID: 34720902 PMCID: PMC8551603 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.674119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Interactive Specialization Theory, cognitive skill development is facilitated by a process of neural specialization. In line with this theory, the current study investigated whether neural specialization for phonological and semantic processing at 5-to-6 years old was predictive of growth in word reading skills 2 years later. Specifically, four regression models were estimated in which reading growth was predicted from: (1) an intercept-only model; (2) measures of semantic and phonological neural specialization; (3) performance on semantic and phonological behavioral tasks; or (4) a combination of neural specialization and behavioral performance. Results from the preregistered analyses revealed little evidence in favor of the hypothesis that early semantic and phonological skills are predictive of growth in reading. However, results from the exploratory analyses, which included a larger sample, added age at Time 1 as a covariate, and investigated relative growth in reading, demonstrated decisive evidence that variability in phonological processing is predictive of reading growth. The best fitting model included both measures of specialization within the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) and behavioral performance. This work provides important evidence in favor of the Interactive Specialization Theory and, more specifically, for the role of phonological neural specialization in the development of early word reading skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L. Yamasaki
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Brianna L. Yamasaki
| | | | - James R. Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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30
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Tikoo S, Suppa A, Tommasin S, Giannì C, Conte G, Mirabella G, Cardona F, Pantano P. The Cerebellum in Drug-naive Children with Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 21:867-878. [PMID: 34595609 PMCID: PMC9596574 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are two neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive behaviors. Our recent study in drug-naive children with TS and OCD provided evidence of cerebellar involvement in both disorders. In addition, cerebellar functional connectivity (FC) was similar in TS patients without comorbidities (TSpure) and TS patients with OCD comorbidity (TS + OCD), but differed in pure OCD patients. To investigate in detail the cerebellar involvement in the pathophysiology of TS and OCD, we explored cerebellar structural and functional abnormalities in drug-naive children with TSpure, TS + OCD, and OCD and assessed possible correlations with severity scores. We examined 53 drug-naive children, classified as TSpure (n = 16), TS + OCD (n = 14), OCD (n = 11), or controls (n = 12). All subjects underwent a multimodal 3T magnetic resonance imaging examination. Cerebellar lobular volumes and quantitative diffusion tensor imaging parameters of cerebellar peduncles were used as measures of structural integrity. The dentate nucleus was selected as a region of interest to examine cerebello-cerebral functional connectivity alterations. Structural analysis revealed that both TSpure and TS + OCD patients had higher fractional anisotropy in cerebellar peduncles than controls. Conversely, OCD patients were characterized by lower fractional anisotropy than both controls and TSpure and TS + OCD patients. Lastly, cerebellar functional connectivity analysis revealed significant alterations in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit in TSpure, TS + OCD, and OCD patients. Early cerebellar structural and functional changes in drug-naive pediatric TSpure, TS + OCD, and OCD patients support a primary role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Tikoo
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Suppa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Silvia Tommasin
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroimmunology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mirabella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences Section, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardona
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pantano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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31
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Prillinger K, Radev ST, Amador de Lara G, Klöbl M, Lanzenberger R, Plener PL, Poustka L, Konicar L. Repeated Sessions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, and Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:680525. [PMID: 34526918 PMCID: PMC8435587 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Social-emotional difficulties are a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Accordingly, individuals with ASD have problems with social cognition such as recognizing emotions from other peoples' faces. Various results from functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography studies as well as eye-tracking data reveal a neurophysiological basis of these deficits by linking them to abnormal brain activity. Thus, an intervention targeting the neural origin of ASD impairments seems warranted. A safe method able to influence neural activity is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This non-invasive brain stimulation method has already demonstrated promising results in several neuropsychiatric disorders in adults and children. The aim of this project is to investigate the effects of tDCS on ASD symptoms and their neural correlates in children and adolescents with ASD. Method: This study is designed as a double-blind, randomized, and sham-controlled trial with a target sample size of 20 male participants (aged 12-17 years) diagnosed with ASD. Before randomization, the participants will be stratified into comorbid depression, comorbid ADHS/conduct disorder, or no-comorbidity groups. The intervention phase comprises 10 sessions of anodal or sham tDCS applied over the left prefrontal cortex within 2 consecutive weeks. To engage the targeted brain regions, participants will perform a social cognition training during the stimulation. TDCS-induced effects on ASD symptoms and involved neural circuits will be investigated through psychological, neurophysiological, imaging, and behavioral data at pre- and post-measurements. Tolerability will be evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. Follow-up assessments 1 and 6 months after the intervention will examine long-lasting effects. Discussion: The results of this study will provide insights into the changeability of social impairments in ASD by investigating social and emotional abilities on different modalities following repeated sessions of anodal tDCS with an intra-simulation training. Furthermore, this trial will elucidate the tolerability and the potential of tDCS as a new treatment approach for ASD in adolescents. Clinical Trial Registration: The study is ongoing and has been registered in the German Registry of Clinical Trials (DRKS00017505) on 02/07/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Prillinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan T. Radev
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Amador de Lara
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Klöbl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul L. Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lilian Konicar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wang J, Pines J, Joanisse M, Booth JR. Reciprocal relations between reading skill and the neural basis of phonological awareness in 7- to 9-year-old children. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118083. [PMID: 33878381 PMCID: PMC8361856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
By using a longitudinal design and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), our previous study (Wang et al., 2020) found a scaffolding effect of early phonological processing in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in 6-year-old children on later behavioral reading skill in 7.5-year-old children. Other than this previous study, nothing is known about longitudinal change in the bidirectional relation between reading skill and phonological processing in the brain. To fill this gap, in the current study, we used the same experimental paradigm as in Wang et al. (2020) to measure children's reading skill and brain activity during an auditory phonological awareness task, but with children who were 7.5 years old at Time 1 (T1) and about 1.5 years later when they were 9 years old at Time 2 (T2). The phonological awareness task included both small grain (i.e., onset) and large grain (i.e., rhyme) conditions. In a univariate analysis, we found that better reading skill at T1 predicted lower brain activation in IFG at T2 for onset processing after controlling for brain activation and non-verbal IQ at T1. This suggests that early reading ability reduces the effort of phonemic access, thus supporting the refinement hypothesis. When using general psychophysiological interaction (gPPI), we found that higher functional connectivity from IFG to STG for rhyme processing at T1 predicted better reading skill at T2 after controlling for reading skill and non-verbal IQ at T1. This suggests that the early effectiveness of accessing rhyme representations scaffolds reading acquisition. As both results did not survive multiple comparison corrections, replication of these findings is needed. However, both findings are consistent with prior studies demonstrating that phonological access in the frontal lobe becomes important in older elementary school readers. Moreover, the refinement effect for onsets is consistent with the hypothesis that learning to read allows for better access of small grain phonology, and the scaffolding effect for rhymes supports the idea that reading progresses to larger grain orthography-to-phonology mapping in older skilled readers. The current study, along with our previous study on younger children, indicates that the development of reading skill is associated with (1) the early importance of the quality of the phonological representations to later access of these representations, and (2) early importance of small grain sizes to later development of large grain ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Julia Pines
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marc Joanisse
- Department of Psychology & Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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33
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Qigong exercise enhances cognitive functions in the elderly via an interleukin-6-hippocampus pathway: A randomized active-controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:381-390. [PMID: 33872709 PMCID: PMC9758881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has suggested that exercise protects against cognitive decline in aging, but the recent lockdown measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have limited the opportunity for outdoor exercise. Herein we tested the effects of an indoor exercise, Qigong, on neurocognitive functioning as well as its potential neuro-immune pathway. METHODS We conducted a 12-week randomized active-controlled trial with two study arms in cognitively healthy older people. We applied Wu Xing Ping Heng Gong (Qigong), which was designed by an experienced Daoist Qigong master, to the experimental group, whereas we applied the physical stretching exercise to the control group. The Qigong exercise consisted of a range of movements involving the stretching of arms and legs, the turning of the torso, and relaxing, which would follow the fundamental principles of Daoism and traditional Chinese medicine (e.g., Qi). We measured aging-sensitive neurocognitive abilities, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and brain structural volumes in the experimental (Qigong, n = 22) and control groups (stretching, n = 26) before and after the 12-week training. RESULTS We observed that Qigong caused significant improvement in processing speed (t (46) = 2.03, p = 0.048) and sustained attention (t (46) = -2.34, p = 0.023), increased hippocampal volume (t (41) = 3.94, p < 0.001), and reduced peripheral IL-6 levels (t (46) = -3.17, p = 0.003). Moreover, following Qigong training, greater reduction of peripheral IL-6 levels was associated with a greater increase of processing speed performance (bootstrapping CI: [0.16, 3.30]) and a more significant training-induced effect of hippocampal volume on the improvement in sustained attention (bootstrapping CI: [-0.35, -0.004]). CONCLUSION Overall, these findings offer significant insight into the mechanistic role of peripheral IL-6-and its intricate interplay with neural processes-in the beneficial neurocognitive effects of Qigong. The findings have profound implications for early identification and intervention of older individuals vulnerable to cognitive decline, focusing on the neuro-immune pathway. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT04641429).
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34
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Wang J, Yamasaki BL, Weiss Y, Booth JR. Both frontal and temporal cortex exhibit phonological and semantic specialization during spoken language processing in 7- to 8-year-old children. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3534-3546. [PMID: 33951259 PMCID: PMC8249890 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study by Weiss et al. (Weiss et al., Human Brain Mapping, 2018, 39, 4334–4348) examined brain specialization for phonological and semantic processing of spoken words in young children who were 5 to 6 years old and found evidence for specialization in the temporal but not the frontal lobe. According to a prominent neurocognitive model of language development (Skeide & Friederici, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2016, 17, 323–332), the frontal lobe matures later than the temporal lobe. Thus, the current study aimed to examine if brain specialization in the frontal lobe can be observed in a slightly older cohort of children aged 7 to 8 years old using the same experimental and analytical approach as in Weiss et al. (Weiss et al., Human Brain Mapping, 2018, 39, 4334–4348). One hundred and ten typically developing children were recruited and were asked to perform a sound judgment task, tapping into phonological processing, and a meaning judgment task, tapping into semantic processing, while in the MRI scanner. Direct task comparisons showed that these children exhibited language specialization in both the temporal and the frontal lobes, with the left posterior dorsal inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) showing greater activation for the sound than the meaning judgment task, and the left anterior ventral IFG and the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG) showing greater activation for the meaning than the sound judgment task. These findings demonstrate that 7‐ to 8‐year‐old children have already begun to develop a language‐related specialization in the frontal lobe, suggesting that early elementary schoolers rely on both specialized linguistic manipulation and representation mechanisms to perform language tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brianna L Yamasaki
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yael Weiss
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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35
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Norris C, Lisinski J, McNeil E, VanMeter JW, VandeVord P, LaConte SM. MRI brain templates of the male Yucatan minipig. Neuroimage 2021; 235:118015. [PMID: 33798725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig is growing in popularity as an experimental animal because its gyrencephalic brain is similar to humans. Currently, however, there is a lack of appropriate brain templates to support functional and structural neuroimaging pipelines. The primary contribution of this work is an average volume from an iterative, non-linear registration of 70 five- to seven-month-old male Yucatan minipigs. In addition, several aspects of this study are unique, including the comparison of linear and non-linear template generation, the characterization of a large and homogeneous cohort, an analysis of effective resolution after averaging, and the evaluation of potential in-template bias as well as a comparison with a template from another minipig species using a "left-out" validation set. We found that within our highly homogeneous cohort, non-linear registration produced better templates, but only marginally so. Although our T1-weighted data were resolution limited, we preserved effective resolution across the multi-subject average, produced templates that have high gray-white matter contrast and demonstrate superior registration accuracy compared to an alternative minipig template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Norris
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jonathan Lisinski
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth McNeil
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John W VanMeter
- Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Pamela VandeVord
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Salem VA Medical Center, Salem VA, United States
| | - Stephen M LaConte
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States.
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36
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Wang J, Joanisse MF, Booth JR. Letter fluency in 7-8-year-old children is related to the anterior, but not posterior, ventral occipito-temporal cortex during an auditory phonological task. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 47:100898. [PMID: 33341533 PMCID: PMC7750687 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that reading skill in 3- to 6-year-old children is related to the automatic activation of the posterior left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) during spoken language processing, whereas 8- to 15-year-old children and adult readers activate the anterior vOT. However, it is unknown how children who are between these two age groups automatically activate orthographic representations in vOT for spoken language. In the current study, we recruited 153 7- to 8-year-old children to fill the age gap from previous studies. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured children's reading-related skills and brain activity during an auditory phonological task with both a small (i.e. onset) and a large (i.e. rhyme) grain size condition. We found that letter fluency, but not reading accuracy, was correlated with activation in the anterior vOT for the rhyme condition. There were no reading-related skill correlations for the posterior vOT or for activation during the onset condition in this age group. Our findings reveal that automatic activation in the anterior vOT during spoken language processing already occurs in higher skilled 7- to 8-year-old children. In addition, increases in naming automaticity is the primary determinant of the engagement of vOT during phonological awareness tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Marc F Joanisse
- Department of Psychology & Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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37
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van Buuren M, Lee NC, Vegting I, Walsh RJ, Sijtsma H, Hollarek M, Krabbendam L. Intrinsic network interactions explain individual differences in mentalizing ability in adolescents. Neuropsychologia 2020; 151:107737. [PMID: 33383039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mentalizing is an important aspect of social cognition and people vary in their ability to mentalize. Despite initial evidence that mentalizing continues to develop throughout adolescence, it is unclear which neural mechanisms underlie individual variability in mentalizing ability in adolescents. Interactions within and between the default-mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN) and cingulo-opercular/salience network (CO/SN) have been related to inter-individual differences in cognitive processes in both adults and adolescents. Here, we investigated whether intrinsic connectivity within and between these brain networks explained inter-individual differences in affective mentalizing ability in adolescents. Resting-state brain activity was measured using functional MRI and affective mentalizing ability was defined as correct performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test performed outside the scanner. We identified the DMN, FPN and CO/SN, and within and between network connectivity values were submitted to a bootstrapping enhanced penalized multiple regression analysis to predict mentalizing in 66 young adolescents (11-14 years). We showed that stronger connectivity between the DMN and the FPN, together with lower within-network connectivity of the FPN and the CO/SN predicted better mentalizing performance. These novel findings provide insight into the normative developmental trajectory of the neural mechanisms underlying affective mentalizing in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariët van Buuren
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Nikki C Lee
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Vegting
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reubs J Walsh
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hester Sijtsma
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Hollarek
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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38
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Haynes L, Ip A, Cho IYK, Dimond D, Rohr CS, Bagshawe M, Dewey D, Lebel C, Bray S. Grey and white matter volumes in early childhood: A comparison of voxel-based morphometry pipelines. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 46:100875. [PMID: 33166899 PMCID: PMC7652784 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood is an important period of sensory, motor, cognitive and socio-emotional maturation, yet relatively little is known about the brain changes specific to this period. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a technique to estimate regional brain volumes from magnetic resonance (MR) images. The default VBM processing pipeline can be customized to increase accuracy of segmentation and normalization, yet the impact of customizations on analyses in young children are not clear. Here, we assessed the impact of different preprocessing steps on T1-weighted MR images from typically developing children in two separate cohorts. Data were processed with the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12), using seven different VBM pipelines with distinct combinations of tissue probability maps (TPMs) and DARTEL templates created using the Template-O-Matic, and CerebroMatic. The first cohort comprised female children aged 3.9-7.9 years (N = 62) and the second included boys and girls aged 2.7-8 years (N = 74). We found that pipelines differed significantly in their tendency to classify voxels as grey or white matter and the conclusions about some age effects were pipeline-dependent. Our study helps to both understand age-associations in grey and white matter volume across early childhood and elucidate the impact of VBM customization on brain volumes in this age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Haynes
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Amanda Ip
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ivy Y K Cho
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Dennis Dimond
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Christiane S Rohr
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mercedes Bagshawe
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Owerko Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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39
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Ide JS, Li HT, Chen Y, Le TM, Li CSP, Zhornitsky S, Li CSR. Gray matter volumetric correlates of behavioral activation and inhibition system traits in children: An exploratory voxel-based morphometry study of the ABCD project data. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117085. [PMID: 32592852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approach and avoidance represent two fundamental behavioral traits that develop early in life. Previous studies have examined the neural correlates of approach and avoidance traits in adults and adolescents. Here, using the data set of the Adolescent Brain Cognition Development project, we investigated the structural cerebral bases of behavioral activation system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) in children. We employed voxel-based morphometry to examine how gray matter volumes (GMV) related specifically to BAS and BIS traits in 11,542 children (5491 girls, age 9-10 years) with 648 and 2697 identified as monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins/siblings (DZ), respectively. After accounting for the BIS score, higher BAS scores (residuals) were positively correlated with the GMV of the ventral striatum (VS), and the correlation was stronger in MZ than in DZ and unrelated children, with a heritability (h2) of 0.8463. Higher BAS scores were negatively correlated with the GMV of bilateral visual, lateral orbitofrontal, temporal, and inferior frontal cortex, as well as the precuneus. Higher BIS (after accounting for BAS) scores were negatively correlated with the GMVs of the ventral caudate and bilateral putamen/pallidum, hypothalamus, and right anterior insula, and the correlation was stronger in MZ than in DZ and unrelated children, with a heritability of 0.8848. A cluster in the VS showed positive and negative correlation with the BAS and BIS scores, respectively. These findings suggest shared and distinct cerebral volumetric bases of the BAS and BIS traits in children. Whereas both traits have a strong genetic basis, the BAS relative to BIS appears to be more amenable to environmental influences. These findings add to the literature of developmental neuroscience and may help identify genetic risk factors of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Huey-Ting Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Choate Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CT, 06492, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Clara S P Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Smith College, Northampton, MA, 06492, USA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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40
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Inuggi A, Pichiecchio A, Ciacchini B, Signorini S, Morelli F, Gori M. Multisystemic Increment of Cortical Thickness in Congenital Blind Children. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa071. [PMID: 34296131 PMCID: PMC8152892 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the total or partial lack of visual experience is associated with a plastic reorganization at the brain level, more prominent in congenital blind. Cortical thickness (CT) studies, to date involving only adult subjects, showed that only congenital blind have a thicker cortex than age-matched sighted population while late blind do not. This was explained as a deviation from the physiological mechanism of initial neural growth followed by a pruning mechanism that, in congenital blind children, might be reduced by their visual deprivation, thus determining a thicker cortex. Since those studies involved only adults, it is unknown when these changes may appear and whether they are related to impairment degree. To address this question, we compared the CT among 28 children, from 2 to 12 years, with congenital visual impairments of different degree and an age-matched sighted population. Vertex-wise analysis showed that blind children, but not low vision one, had a thicker cortical surface in few clusters located in occipital, superior parietal, anterior-cingular, orbito-frontal, and mesial precentral regions. Our data suggest that the effect of visual impairment on determining thicker cortex is an early phenomenon, is multisystemic, and occurs only when blindness is almost complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Inuggi
- Unit for Visually Impaired People (U-VIP), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Signorini
- Centre of Child Neuro-Ophthalmology, Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Morelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- Unit for Visually Impaired People (U-VIP), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152 Genova, Italy
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Hildesheim FE, Debus I, Kessler R, Thome I, Zimmermann KM, Steinsträter O, Sommer J, Kamp-Becker I, Stark R, Jansen A. The Trajectory of Hemispheric Lateralization in the Core System of Face Processing: A Cross-Sectional Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:507199. [PMID: 33123034 PMCID: PMC7566903 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.507199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Face processing is mediated by a distributed neural network commonly divided into a “core system” and an “extended system.” The core system consists of several, typically right-lateralized brain regions in the occipito-temporal cortex, including the occipital face area (OFA), the fusiform face area (FFA) and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). It was recently proposed that the face processing network is initially bilateral and becomes right-specialized in the course of the development of reading abilities due to the competition between language-related regions in the left occipito-temporal cortex (e.g., the visual word form area, VWFA) and the FFA for common neural resources. In the present pilot study, we assessed the neural face processing network in 12 children (aged 7–9 years) and 10 adults with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The hemispheric lateralization of the core face regions was compared between both groups. The study had two goals: First, we aimed to establish an fMRI paradigm suitable for assessing activation in the core system of face processing in young children at the single subject level. Second, we planned to collect data for a power analysis to calculate the necessary group size for a large-scale cross-sectional imaging study assessing the ontogenetic development of the lateralization of the face processing network, with focus on the FFA. It was possible to detect brain activity in the core system of 75% of children at the single subject level. The average scan-to-scan motion of the included children was comparable to adults, ruling out that potential activation differences between groups are caused by unequal motion artifacts. Hemispheric lateralization of the FFA was 0.07 ± 0.48 in children (indicating bilateral activation) and −0.32 ± 0.52 in adults (indicating right-hemispheric dominance). These results thus showed, as expected, a trend for increased lateralization in adults. The estimated effect size for the FFA lateralization difference was d = 0.78 (indicating medium to large effects). An adequately powered follow-up study (sensitivity 0.8) testing developmental changes of FFA lateralization would therefore require the inclusion of 18 children and 26 adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska E Hildesheim
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Isabell Debus
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Roman Kessler
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ina Thome
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kristin M Zimmermann
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Olaf Steinsträter
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Sommer
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Inge Kamp-Becker
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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42
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Resting-state functional connectivity in drug-naive pediatric patients with Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 129:129-140. [PMID: 32912593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in cohorts of Tourette syndrome (TS) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients have not clarified whether these two disorders represent two clinical conditions or they are distinct clinical phenotypes of a common disease spectrum. The study aimed to compare functional connectivity (FC) patterns in a pediatric drug-naive cohort of 16 TS patients without any comorbidity (TS), 14 TS patients with OCD (TS + OCD), and 10 pure OCD patients as well as 11 matched controls that underwent resting state fMRI. Via independent component analysis, we examined FC in the basal ganglia (BGN), sensorimotor (SMN), cerebellum (CBN), frontoparietal (FPN), default-mode (DMN), orbitofrontal (OBFN), and salience (SAN) networks among the above cohorts and their association with clinical measures. Compared to controls, TS and TS + OCD patients showed higher FC in the BGN, SMN, CBN and DMN and lower FC in the FPN and SAN. The TS and TS + OCD groups showed comparable FC in all networks. In contrast to controls, OCD patients exhibited increased FC in the BGN, SMN, CBN, DMN, FPN, and SAN. OCD patients also showed higher FC in CBN and FPN when compared with TS and TS + OCD patients both separately and as one group. Tic severity negatively correlated with FC in CBN and FPN in the TS group, while the compulsiveness scores positively correlated with the same two networks in OCD patients. Our findings suggest common FC changes in TS and TS + OCD patients. In contrast, OCD is characterized by a distinctive pattern of FC changes prominently involving the CBN and FPN.
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43
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van Buuren M, Walsh RJ, Sijtsma H, Hollarek M, Lee NC, Bos PA, Krabbendam L. Neural correlates of self- and other-referential processing in young adolescents and the effects of testosterone and peer similarity. Neuroimage 2020; 219:117060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Attout L, Ordonez Magro L, Szmalec A, Majerus S. The developmental neural substrates of Hebb repetition learning and their link with reading ability. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3956-3969. [PMID: 32573904 PMCID: PMC7469830 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Hebb repetition learning is a fundamental learning mechanism for sequential knowledge, such as language. However, still little is known about its development. This fMRI study examined the developmental neural substrates of Hebb repetition learning and its relation with reading abilities in a group of 49 children aged from 6 to 12 years. In the scanner, the children carried out an immediate serial recall task for syllable sequences of which some sequences were repeated several times over the course of the session (Hebb repetition sequences). The rate of Hebb repetition learning was associated with modulation of activity in the medial temporal lobe. Importantly, for the age range studied here, learning-related medial temporal lobe modulation was independent of the age of the children. Furthermore, we observed an association between regular and irregular word reading abilities and the neural substrates of Hebb repetition learning. This study suggests that the functional neural substrates of Hebb repetition learning do not undergo further maturational changes in school age children, possibly because they are sustained by implicit sequential learning mechanisms which are considered to be fully developed by that age. Importantly, the neural substrates of Hebb learning remain significant determinants of children's learning abilities, such as reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Attout
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fund for Scientific Research FNRS, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Ordonez Magro
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Szmalec
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steve Majerus
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fund for Scientific Research FNRS, Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Hashimoto T, Higuchi H, Uno A, Yokota S, Asano K, Taki Y, Kawashima R. Association Between Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Reading in Two Writing Systems in Japanese Children With and Without Developmental Dyslexia. Brain Connect 2020; 10:254-266. [PMID: 32567365 PMCID: PMC7465633 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Japanese is unique, as it features two distinct writing systems that share the same sound and meaning: syllabic Hiragana and logographic Kanji scripts. Acquired reading difficulties in Hiragana and Kanji have been examined in older patients with brain lesions. However, the precise mechanisms underlying deficits in developmental dyslexia (DD) remain unclear. Materials and Methods: The neural signatures of Japanese children with DD were examined by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We examined 22 dyslexic and 46 typically developing (TD) children, aged 7–14 years. Results: Reading performance in each writing system was correlated with neural connectivity in TD children. In contrast, in children with DD, weak associations between neural connectivity and reading performance were observed. In TD children, Hiragana-reading fluency was positively correlated with the left fusiform gyrus network. No significant correlations between Hiragana fluency and neural connectivity were observed in children with DD. Correspondingly, there were fewer correlations between Kanji accuracy and strength of reading-related connectivity in children with DD, whereas positive correlations with the bilateral fronto-parietal network and negative correlations with the left fusiform network were found in TD children. Discussion: These data suggest that positive and negative coupling with neural connectivity is associated with developing Japanese reading skills. Further, different neural connectivity correlations between Hiragana fluency and Kanji accuracy were detected in TD children but less in children with DD. Conclusion: The two writing systems may exert differential effects and deficits on reading in healthy children and in children with DD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Hashimoto
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroki Higuchi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Uno
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Faculty of Art and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Asano
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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46
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Jiang W, Duan K, Rootes-Murdy K, Hoekstra PJ, Hartman CA, Oosterlaan J, Heslenfeld D, Franke B, Buitelaar J, Arias-Vasquez A, Liu J, Turner JA. Structural brain alterations and their association with cognitive function and symptoms in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder families. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102273. [PMID: 32387850 PMCID: PMC7210582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gray matter disruptions have been found consistently in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The organization of these alterations into brain structural networks remains largely unexplored. We investigated 508 participants (281 males) with ADHD (N = 210), their unaffected siblings (N = 108), individuals with subthreshold ADHD (N = 49), and unrelated healthy controls (N = 141) with an age range from 7 to 18 years old from 336 families in the Dutch NeuroIMAGE project. Source based morphometry was used to examine structural brain network alterations and their association with symptoms and cognitive performance. Two networks showed significant reductions in individuals with ADHD compared to unrelated healthy controls after False Discovery Rate correction. Component A, mainly located in bilateral Crus I, showed a ADHD/typically developing difference with subthreshold cases being intermediate between ADHD and typically developing controls. The unaffected siblings were similar to controls. After correcting for IQ and medication status, component A showed a negative correlation with inattention symptoms across the entire sample. Component B included a maximum cluster in the bilateral insula, where unaffected siblings, similar to individuals with ADHD, showed significantly reduced loadings compared to controls; but no relationship with individual symptoms or cognitive measures was found for component B. This multivariate approach suggests that areas reflecting genetic liability within ADHD are partly separate from those areas modulating symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, USA
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | | | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Heslenfeld
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Computer Science, TReNDS Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, USA.
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47
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Mirabella G, Upadhyay N, Mancini C, Giannì C, Panunzi S, Petsas N, Suppa A, Cardona F, Pantano P. Loss in grey matter in a small network of brain areas underpins poor reactive inhibition in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patients. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 297:111044. [PMID: 32078965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reactive inhibition correlates with the severity of symptoms in paediatric patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) though not in those with Tourette syndrome (TS). Here we assessed whether structural alterations in both grey (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes correlate with a measure of reactive inhibition, i.e. the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), and with clinical scale scores. Nine OCD and 11 TS uncomplicated drug-naïve paediatric patients and 12 age-matched controls underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Between-group differences in GM and WM volumes across the whole brain were assessed. Outside the scanner, patients performed a reaching version of the stop-signal task. Both behavioural inhibitory control and neuroimaging measures were normal in TS patients. By contrast, OCD patients exhibited a significant loss in GM volume in five areas. The GM volume of the left inferior frontal gyrus was inversely correlated with the length of the SSRT, the left mid-cingulate gyrus and the right middle frontal gyrus were inversely correlated with the severity of OCD symptoms, and the left insula and the right medial orbitofrontal gyrus were inversely correlated with both. These results indicate that cortical areas showing GM loss in OCD patients are also involved in the network subserving reactive inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mirabella
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine & Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; DZNE, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Mancini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine & Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Costanza Giannì
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Panunzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Petsas
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Suppa
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Pantano
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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48
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Wang J, Rice ML, Booth JR. Syntactic and Semantic Specialization and Integration in 5- to 6-Year-Old Children during Auditory Sentence Processing. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:36-49. [PMID: 31596168 PMCID: PMC8905464 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found specialized syntactic and semantic processes in the adult brain during language comprehension. Young children have sophisticated semantic and syntactic aspects of language, yet many previous fMRI studies failed to detect this specialization, possibly due to experimental design and analytical methods. In this current study, 5- to 6-year-old children completed a syntactic task and a semantic task to dissociate these two processes. Multivoxel pattern analysis was used to examine the correlation of patterns within a task (between runs) or across tasks. We found that the left middle temporal gyrus showed more similar patterns within the semantic task compared with across tasks, whereas there was no difference in the correlation within the syntactic task compared with across tasks, suggesting its specialization in semantic processing. Moreover, the left superior temporal gyrus showed more similar patterns within both the semantic task and the syntactic task as compared with across tasks, suggesting its role in integration of semantic and syntactic information. In contrast to the temporal lobe, we did not find specialization or integration effects in either the opercular or triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Overall, our study showed that 5- to 6-year-old children have already developed specialization and integration in the temporal lobe, but not in the frontal lobe, consistent with developmental neurocognitive models of language comprehension in typically developing young children.
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49
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Wang J, Joanisse MF, Booth JR. Neural representations of phonology in temporal cortex scaffold longitudinal reading gains in 5- to 7-year-old children. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116359. [PMID: 31733372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether phonological processes measured through brain activation are crucial for the development of reading skill (i.e. scaffolding hypothesis) and/or whether learning to read words fine-tunes phonology in the brain (i.e. refinement hypothesis). We specifically looked at how different grain sizes in two brain regions implicated in phonological processing played a role in this bidirectional relation. According to the dual-stream model of speech processing and previous empirical studies, the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) appears to be a perceptual region associated with phonological representations, whereas the dorsal inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) appears to be an articulatory region that accesses phonological representations in STG during more difficult tasks. 36 children completed a reading test outside the scanner and an auditory phonological task which included both small (i.e. onset) and large (i.e. rhyme) grain size conditions inside the scanner when they were 5.5-6.5 years old (Time 1) and once again approximately 1.5 years later (Time 2). To study the scaffolding hypothesis, a regression analysis was carried out by entering brain activation in either STG or IFG for either small (onset > perceptual) or large (rhyme > perceptual) grain size phonological processing at T1 as the predictors and reading skill at T2 as the dependent measure, with several covariates of no interest included. To study the refinement hypothesis, the regression analysis included reading skill at T1 as the predictor and brain activation in either STG or IFG for either small or large grain size phonological processing at T2 as the dependent measures, with several covariates of no interest included. We found that only posterior STG, regardless of grain size, was predictive of reading gains. Parallel models with only behavioral accuracy were not significant. Taken together, our results suggest that the representational quality of phonology in temporal cortex is crucial for reading development. Moreover, our study provides neural evidence supporting the scaffolding hypothesis, suggesting that brain measures of phonology could be helpful in early identification of reading difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Marc F Joanisse
- Department of Psychology & Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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50
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O'Connor EE, Zeffiro TA. Why is Clinical fMRI in a Resting State? Front Neurol 2019; 10:420. [PMID: 31068901 PMCID: PMC6491723 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has gained widespread application in neuroimaging clinical research, its penetration into clinical medicine has been more limited. We surveyed a neuroradiology professional group to ascertain their experience with rs-fMRI, identify perceived barriers to using rs-fMRI clinically and elicit suggestions about ways to facilitate its use in clinical practice. The electronic survey also collected information about demographics and work environment using Likert scales. We found that 90% of the respondents had adequate equipment to conduct rs-fMRI and 82% found rs-fMRI data easy to collect. Fifty-nine percent have used rs-fMRI in their past research and 72% reported plans to use rs-fMRI for research in the next year. Nevertheless, only 40% plan to use rs-fMRI in clinical practice in the next year and 82% agreed that their clinical fMRI use is largely confined to pre-surgical planning applications. To explore the reasons for the persistent low utilization of rs-fMRI in clinical applications, we identified barriers to clinical rs-fMRI use related to the availability of robust denoising procedures, single-subject analysis techniques, demonstration of functional connectivity map reliability, regulatory clearance, reimbursement, and neuroradiologist training opportunities. In conclusion, while rs-fMRI use in clinical neuroradiology practice is limited, enthusiasm appears to be quite high and there are several possible avenues in which further research and development may facilitate its penetration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E O'Connor
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas A Zeffiro
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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